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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Canadian politician (1854–1925)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/The_Honourable" title="The Honourable">The Honourable</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Sir James Alexander Lougheed</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Knight_Commander_of_the_Order_of_St_Michael_and_St_George" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George">KCMG</a></span> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Privy_Council_for_Canada" title="King's Privy Council for Canada">PC</a></span> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Counsel" title="King's Counsel">KC</a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:James_Alexander_Lougheed.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/James_Alexander_Lougheed.jpg/220px-James_Alexander_Lougheed.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/James_Alexander_Lougheed.jpg/330px-James_Alexander_Lougheed.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/James_Alexander_Lougheed.jpg 2x" data-file-width="419" data-file-height="580" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Canada" title="Senate of Canada">Senator</a> from <a href="/wiki/Calgary" title="Calgary">Calgary</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_territorial_senators" title="List of Canadian territorial senators">North-West Territories</a> (after 1905, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Alberta_senators" title="List of Alberta senators">Alberta</a>)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />10 December 1889 – 2 November 1925 </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="; ; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="line-height:normal; padding:0.2em; border:1px dashed lightgrey;"><div style="text-align: center; padding: 0 0.4em; margin: 0 3.3em">Additional offices held</div></th> </tr><tr><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Nominated by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_A._Macdonald" title="John A. Macdonald">John A. Macdonald</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Appointed by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Stanley,_16th_Earl_of_Derby" title="Frederick Stanley, 16th Earl of Derby">Frederick Stanley, 16th Earl of Derby</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Hardisty" title="Richard Hardisty">Richard Hardisty</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Edward_Riley" title="Daniel Edward Riley">Daniel Edward Riley</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Minister Without Portfolio</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />10 October 1911 – 20 February 1918</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Soldiers%27_Civil_Re-establishment" title="Department of Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment">Minister of Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />21 February 1918 – 21 September 1921</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">established</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Robert_James_Manion" title="Robert James Manion">Robert James Manion</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Crown%E2%80%93Indigenous_Relations" title="Minister of Crown–Indigenous Relations">Superintendent-General of Indian Affairs</a>, <br /> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_the_Interior_(Canada)" title="Minister of the Interior (Canada)">Minister of the Interior</a> <br /> and <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Mines_(Canada)" title="Minister of Mines (Canada)">Minister of Mines</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />10 July 1920 – 28 December 1921</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Meighen" title="Arthur Meighen">Arthur Meighen</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Stewart_(premier)" title="Charles Stewart (premier)">Charles Stewart</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Representative_of_the_Government_in_the_Senate" title="Representative of the Government in the Senate">Representative of the Government in the Senate</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />10 October 1911 – 28 December 1921</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Sir <a href="/wiki/Richard_John_Cartwright" title="Richard John Cartwright">Richard John Cartwright</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Raoul_Dandurand" title="Raoul Dandurand">Raoul Dandurand</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_in_the_Senate_(Canada)" title="Leader of the Opposition in the Senate (Canada)">Leader of the Opposition in the Senate</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1 April 1906 – 1 January 1911</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1, January 1922 – 2 November 1925 </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1854-09-01</span>)</span>1 September 1854<br /><a href="/wiki/Brampton" title="Brampton">Brampton</a>, Canada West</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">2 November 1925<span style="display:none">(1925-11-02)</span> (aged 71)<br /><a href="/wiki/Ottawa,_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottawa, Ontario">Ottawa, Ontario</a>, Canada</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Liberal-Conservative_Party" title="Liberal-Conservative Party">Liberal-Conservative</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Isabella Clarke Hardisty (1859–1936)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Lougheed" title="Peter Lougheed">Peter Lougheed</a>, grandson; Samuel Lougheed, brother</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">Edgar Donald Lougheed, Clarence H. Lougheed (1885–1933), Norman Lougheed; 2 daughters</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Residence</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lougheed_House" title="Lougheed House">Lougheed House</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">University of Toronto</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Profession</th><td class="infobox-data">lawyer, businessman</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Sir James Alexander Lougheed,</b> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Knight_Commander_of_the_Order_of_St_Michael_and_St_George" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George">KCMG</a></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Privy_Council_for_Canada" title="King's Privy Council for Canada">PC</a></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Counsel" title="King's Counsel">KC</a></span></span> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ɔː/: 'au' in 'fraud'">ɔː</span><span title="'h' in 'hi'">h</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">LAW</span>-heed</i></a> or <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ɔː/: 'au' in 'fraud'">ɔː</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'h' in 'hi'">h</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">law-<span style="font-size:90%">HEED</span></i></a>; 1<span class="nowrap"> </span>September 1854 – 2<span class="nowrap"> </span>November 1925) was a businessman, lawyer and <a href="/wiki/Politician" title="Politician">politician</a> from <a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a>, Canada. He served as a <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Canada" title="Senate of Canada">senator</a> for 35 years, and held a number of Cabinet positions. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Alexander_Lougheed&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lougheed was born in the village of <a href="/wiki/Tullamore,_Ontario" title="Tullamore, Ontario">Tullamore</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Chinguacousy_Township,_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinguacousy Township, Ontario">Chinguacousy Township</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada_West" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada West">Canada West</a>, which is now part of <a href="/wiki/Brampton" title="Brampton">Brampton</a>, Ontario. Tullamore was home to many first-generation, <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Irish" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Irish">Protestant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irish-Canadians" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish-Canadians">Irish-Canadians</a> from the south part of <a href="/wiki/County_Sligo" title="County Sligo">county Sligo</a>. The son of Irish-Protestant parents Mary Ann (Alexander) and John Lougheed,<sup id="cite_ref-DCB_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DCB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the family moved to <a href="/wiki/Weston,_Toronto" title="Weston, Toronto">Weston</a> (now a community within <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, Ontario) when Lougheed was a child,<sup id="cite_ref-mackinnon_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mackinnon-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and he attended King Street Public School (now <a href="/w/index.php?title=H._J._Alexander_Public_School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="H. J. Alexander Public School (page does not exist)">H. J. Alexander Public School</a>) and Weston High School (now <a href="/wiki/Weston_Collegiate_Institute" title="Weston Collegiate Institute">Weston Collegiate Institute</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-DCB_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DCB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He attended the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">University of Toronto</a> and he studied law at the <a href="/wiki/Osgoode_Hall_Law_School" title="Osgoode Hall Law School">Osgoode Hall Law School</a> in Toronto and was sworn in as a solicitor in 1881.<sup id="cite_ref-DCB_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DCB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1887 he formed a law practice with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_McCarthy_(lawyer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter McCarthy (lawyer) (page does not exist)">Peter McCarthy</a> and two years later in 1889 he became a <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Counsel" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen's Counsel">QC</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DCB_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DCB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1882 Lougheed moved with his brother to <a href="/wiki/Winnipeg" title="Winnipeg">Winnipeg</a>, Manitoba, and then to <a href="/wiki/Medicine_Hat" title="Medicine Hat">Medicine Hat</a>, North-West Territories, following the newly laid <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Pacific_Railway" title="Canadian Pacific Railway">Canadian Pacific Railway</a> main line. One year later he moved to <a href="/wiki/Calgary" title="Calgary">Calgary</a>, then at the end of the CPR line.<sup id="cite_ref-DCB_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DCB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He started a legal practice in Calgary in the fields of <a href="/wiki/Real_estate" title="Real estate">real estate</a> and transportation law, with the CPR as one of his main clients. He also invested heavily in real estate and opened a brokerage firm. His <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lougheed_Building&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lougheed Building (page does not exist)">Lougheed Building</a> in <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Calgary" title="Downtown Calgary">downtown Calgary</a> still stands: it included the GRAND theatre which was saved from demolition in 2004 by the Company Theatre Junction<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/The_Grand_(Calgary)" title="The Grand (Calgary)">The Grand</a>. </p><p>In 1884 James Lougheed married Belle Hardisty (1859–1936), daughter of William Hardisty and Mary Anne Allen, of the <a href="/wiki/Chinook_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinook people">Chinook people</a> of the Pacific Northwest.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She was a niece of <a href="/wiki/Richard_Hardisty" title="Richard Hardisty">Richard Hardisty</a> (whom James Lougheed replaced in the Senate in 1889) and <a href="/wiki/Donald_Smith,_1st_Baron_Strathcona_and_Mount_Royal" title="Donald Smith, 1st Baron Strathcona and Mount Royal">Donald Smith, 1st Baron Strathcona and Mount Royal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-GMacEwan_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GMacEwan-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1891 they built "Beaulieu" (now <a href="/wiki/Lougheed_House" title="Lougheed House">Lougheed House</a>), a mansion in what is now the <a href="/wiki/Beltline,_Calgary" title="Beltline, Calgary">Beltline district of Calgary</a>. Beaulieu became the centre of Calgary's social scene, as the Lougheeds welcomed oil millionaires, politicians, royalty, and entertainment stars to their home.<sup id="cite_ref-mackinnon_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mackinnon-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He and Belle had six children,<sup id="cite_ref-mackinnon_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mackinnon-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> four boys and two girls. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_career">Political career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Alexander_Lougheed&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lougheed had been a member of the federal <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada_(historical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative Party of Canada (historical)">Conservative Party</a> since his days in Toronto, and had campaigned for Sir <a href="/wiki/John_A._Macdonald" title="John A. Macdonald">John A. Macdonald</a>. Even so, his appointment to the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Canada" title="Senate of Canada">Senate</a> on 10 December 1889 (replacing <a href="/wiki/Richard_Hardisty" title="Richard Hardisty">Richard Hardisty</a>, his wife's uncle, who had died<sup id="cite_ref-mackinnon_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mackinnon-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) came as a surprise to many, as Lougheed was only 35 years old at the time. However, he gained the respect of both his fellow senators and his fellow Westerners due to his staunch support of Western interests and his political abilities. Lougheed spent the next 30 years living both in <a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Calgary" title="Calgary">Calgary</a>. </p><p>In order to protect his legal interests, he brought a young lawyer from <a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a> named <a href="/wiki/R._B._Bennett" title="R. B. Bennett">R. B. Bennett</a> — later to become <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">Prime Minister of Canada</a> — to Calgary in 1897.<sup id="cite_ref-GMacEwan_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GMacEwan-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bennett and Lougheed worked together for over 20 years until an acrimonious dispute between the senator and the future prime minister caused each to go his own way.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1890s Lougheed emerged as the West's strongest voice in the Senate. He was constantly in the position of having to remind members of the Upper Chamber of the realities of life in the western provinces and territories (Alberta at the time being part of the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territories" title="Northwest Territories">Northwest Territories</a>). He spoke out fiercely against certain provisions in the act creating the province of Alberta, and declared that it would be better to remain a territory than to have what he called archaic education statutes forced on the province. </p><p>In 1906, he became <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_in_the_Senate_(Canada)" title="Leader of the Opposition in the Senate (Canada)">Leader of the Opposition in the Senate</a>. The Conservatives were in opposition for many of Lougheed's early years as a senator. </p><p>When the Conservatives took power following the <a href="/wiki/1911_Canadian_federal_election" title="1911 Canadian federal election">1911 election</a>, he became <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Government_in_the_Senate_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Leader of the Government in the Senate (Canada)">Leader of the Government in the Senate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Minister_without_portfolio" title="Minister without portfolio">minister without portfolio</a> in the government of Sir <a href="/wiki/Robert_Borden" title="Robert Borden">Robert Borden</a>. He was made Chairman of the Military Hospitals Commission in 1915, and, as a reward for this service, was <a href="/wiki/Knight" title="Knight">knighted</a> by <a href="/wiki/George_V_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="George V of the United Kingdom">George V</a> in 1916 (<a href="/wiki/Order_of_St_Michael_and_St_George" title="Order of St Michael and St George">Order of St Michael and St George</a>), becoming the only Albertan to ever earn the honour.<sup id="cite_ref-GMacEwan_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GMacEwan-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After Borden formed his <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">wartime</a> <a href="/wiki/Unionist_Party_(Canada)" title="Unionist Party (Canada)">Union government</a>, he appointed Lougheed as Minister of Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment in 1918. From 1920 until the Conservative Party's defeat in the <a href="/wiki/1921_Canadian_federal_election" title="1921 Canadian federal election">1921 election</a>, Lougheed also served as Minister of Mines, Minister of the Interior and Superintendent-General of Indian Affairs in the government of Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Meighen" title="Arthur Meighen">Arthur Meighen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-GMacEwan_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GMacEwan-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the Liberals in power, Lougheed resumed his position as <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_in_the_Senate_(Canada)" title="Leader of the Opposition in the Senate (Canada)">Leader of the Opposition in the Senate</a> until his death in 1925, aged 71. </p><p>Lougheed was a strict conservative in many ways. His relationship to the First Nations people could be both patriarchal and supportive. Generally, he held the virtually ubiquitous Western view that <a href="/wiki/First_Nations_in_Canada" title="First Nations in Canada">First Nations</a> people were essentially unintelligent children who needed white control in order to survive; this even though his own mother-in-law was from a First Nation. However, when Indian Affairs officials refused to allow the six Nations to participate in the first Calgary Stampede in 1912, Lougheed with R.B. Bennett fought that decision.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He adhered to a strict interpretation of the <a href="/wiki/British_North_America_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="British North America Act">British North America Act</a>, was against women voting, disliked social innovations, and believed Canada's future was as a subordinate nation in the British Empire. </p><p>Lougheed was also a successful businessman through his real estate, newspapers, and other ventures in Calgary. He was a staunch advocate of provincial status for what became <a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a> and argued that the province rather than the federal government should have control of natural resources. This argument was carried on by his grandson, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Lougheed" title="Peter Lougheed">Peter Lougheed</a>, when he was <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Alberta" title="Premier of Alberta">premier of Alberta</a> in the 1970s and 1980s. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Alexander_Lougheed&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sir James Lougheed died of <a href="/wiki/Pneumonia" title="Pneumonia">pneumonia</a> on 2 November 1925 at the age of 71 in the Ottawa Civic Hospital, and was buried in Union Cemetery in Calgary at the Lougheed family plot on 8 November 1925.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lougheed's funeral at Calgary's Anglican Church was unable to accommodate the number of people who came to pay tributes.<sup id="cite_ref-GMacEwan_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GMacEwan-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> James Lougheed and other members of the Lougheed family are buried at Union Cemetery in Calgary. </p><p>James Lougheed died only four days after the <a href="/wiki/1925_Canadian_federal_election" title="1925 Canadian federal election">1925 Canadian federal election</a>, in which his <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada_(1867%E2%80%931942)" title="Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942)">Conservative Party</a> under Arthur Meighen returned to power with a minority government. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Alexander_Lougheed&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The village of <a href="/wiki/Lougheed,_Alberta" title="Lougheed, Alberta">Lougheed, Alberta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mount_Lougheed" title="Mount Lougheed">Mount Lougheed</a> in the Rocky Mountains, and <a href="/wiki/Lougheed_Island" title="Lougheed Island">Lougheed Island</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nunavut" title="Nunavut">Nunavut</a> are named after him.</li> <li>James Lougheed's Calgary home, <a href="/wiki/Lougheed_House" title="Lougheed House">Lougheed House</a> (Beaulieu), built in 1891, is designated a <a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Site_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="National Historic Site of Canada">National Historic Site of Canada</a>, and Alberta Provincial Historic Resource. It has been restored and is now a Heritage Centre in the <a href="/wiki/Beltline,_Calgary" title="Beltline, Calgary">Beltline</a> district of Calgary.</li> <li>Lougheed Block, an Alberta Provincial Historic Resource and Calgary Historic Resource was built by James Lougheed in 1912 in downtown Calgary.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Sir James Lougheed School, an all-boys elementary school operated by the <a href="/wiki/Calgary_Board_of_Education" title="Calgary Board of Education">Calgary Board of Education</a> in southwest Calgary.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Lougheed" title="Peter Lougheed">Peter Lougheed</a>, James' grandson, was 10th premier of Alberta, 1971–1985.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Alexander_Lougheed&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-DCB-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DCB_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DCB_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DCB_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DCB_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DCB_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHallSmith2005" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Hall, David J.; Smith, Donald B. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/lougheed_james_alexander_15E.html">"Lougheed, Sir James Alexander"</a>. In Cook, Ramsay; Bélanger, Réal (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_Canadian_Biography" title="Dictionary of Canadian Biography">Dictionary of Canadian Biography</a></i>. 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"Metis Matriarchs". <i>Canada's History</i>. <b>97</b> (6): 38–43. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1920-9894">1920-9894</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canada%27s+History&rft.atitle=Metis+Matriarchs&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=38-43&rft.date=2017&rft.issn=1920-9894&rft.aulast=MacKinnon&rft.aufirst=Doris+Jeanne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Alexander+Lougheed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140716063227/http://www.theatrejunction.com/about-us/theatre-junction-history/">"Theatre Junction GRAND"</a>. <i>theatrejunction.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theatrejunction.com/about-us/theatre-junction-history/">the original</a> on 16 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=theatrejunction.com&rft.atitle=Theatre+Junction+GRAND&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatrejunction.com%2Fabout-us%2Ftheatre-junction-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Alexander+Lougheed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Community Stories Conflicting Loyalties The Hardisty Family Legacy" website</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GMacEwan-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GMacEwan_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GMacEwan_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GMacEwan_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GMacEwan_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GMacEwan_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacEwan,_Grant1975" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Grant_MacEwan" title="Grant MacEwan">MacEwan, Grant</a> (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/calgarycavalcade0000mace_a2n4/page/48/mode/2up"><i>Calgary cavalcade from Fort to fortune</i></a>. Saskatoon, Canada: Western Producer Book Service. pp. 77–80. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-91930-650-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-91930-650-9"><bdi>978-0-91930-650-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Calgary+cavalcade+from+Fort+to+fortune&rft.place=Saskatoon%2C+Canada&rft.pages=77-80&rft.pub=Western+Producer+Book+Service&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-0-91930-650-9&rft.au=MacEwan%2C+Grant&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcalgarycavalcade0000mace_a2n4%2Fpage%2F48%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Alexander+Lougheed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanderson1999" class="citation book cs1">Sanderson, Kay (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdm22007.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p22007coll8/id/322163"><i>200 Remarkable Alberta Women</i></a>. Calgary, Canada: Famous Five Foundation. p. 12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-96858-320-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-96858-320-3"><bdi>978-0-96858-320-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/localhistory_2ky/page/n957/mode/2up/"><i>Frontier Calgary: town, city, and region, 1875-1914</i></a>. Calgary, Canada: McClelland and Stewart West. pp. 250–251. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0771210175" title="Special:BookSources/0771210175"><bdi>0771210175</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Frontier+Calgary%3A+town%2C+city%2C+and+region%2C+1875-1914&rft.place=Calgary%2C+Canada&rft.pages=250-251&rft.pub=McClelland+and+Stewart+West&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=0771210175&rft.au=Stanley%2C+George+F.+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flocalhistory_2ky%2Fpage%2Fn957%2Fmode%2F2up%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Alexander+Lougheed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1994" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Donald B. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cbc.ca&rft.atitle=S.W.+location+chosen+for+all-boys+school&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fcalgary%2Fs-w-location-chosen-for-all-boys-school-1.1112848&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Alexander+Lougheed" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Alexander_Lougheed&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lop.parl.ca/sites/ParlInfo/default/en_CA/People/Profile?personId=10953">James Alexander Lougheed – Parliament of Canada biography</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHallSmith2005" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Hall, David J.; Smith, Donald B. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/lougheed_james_alexander_15E.html">"Lougheed, Sir James Alexander"</a>. In Cook, Ramsay; Bélanger, Réal (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_Canadian_Biography" title="Dictionary of Canadian Biography">Dictionary of Canadian Biography</a></i>. Vol. XV (1921–1930) (online ed.). <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto_Press" title="University of Toronto Press">University of Toronto Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Lougheed%2C+Sir+James+Alexander&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Canadian+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=David+J.&rft.au=Smith%2C+Donald+B.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biographi.ca%2Fen%2Fbio%2Flougheed_james_alexander_15E.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Alexander+Lougheed" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lougheedhouse.com/">The Lougheed House</a> Calgary museum.</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:James_Alexander_Lougheed" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:James Alexander Lougheed">James Alexander Lougheed</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Hardisty" title="Richard Hardisty">Richard Hardisty</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Canada" title="Senate of Canada">Senator</a> from <a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a> </b><br />1889–1925 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Edward_Riley" title="Daniel Edward Riley">Daniel Edward Riley</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Mackenzie_Bowell" title="Mackenzie Bowell">Mackenzie Bowell</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_in_the_Senate_(Canada)" title="Leader of the Opposition in the Senate (Canada)">Leader of the Opposition in the Senate of Canada</a> </b><br />1906–1911 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Richard_John_Cartwright" title="Richard John Cartwright">Sir Richard John Cartwright</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Richard_John_Cartwright" title="Richard John Cartwright">Sir Richard John Cartwright</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Government_in_the_Senate_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Leader of the Government in the Senate (Canada)">Leader of the Government in the Senate of Canada</a> </b><br />1911–1921 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Raoul_Dandurand" title="Raoul Dandurand">Raoul Dandurand</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Hewitt_Bostock" title="Hewitt Bostock">Hewitt Bostock</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Leader of the Opposition in the Senate of Canada </b><br />1921–1925 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_Benjamin_Ross" title="William Benjamin Ross">William Benjamin Ross</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output 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of the Interior of Canada</a> (1873–1936)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Campbell_(Canadian_senator)" title="Alexander Campbell (Canadian senator)">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Laird" title="David Laird">Laird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_William_Scott" title="Richard William Scott">Scott</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Mills_(Canadian_politician)" title="David Mills (Canadian politician)">Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Macdonald" title="John A. Macdonald">J. Macdonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lewis_Macpherson" title="David Lewis Macpherson">Macpherson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_White_(Canadian_politician)" title="Thomas White (Canadian politician)">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Macdonald" title="John A. Macdonald">J. Macdonald</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Dewdney" title="Edgar Dewdney">Dewdney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mayne_Daly" title="Thomas Mayne Daly">Daly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_John_Macdonald" title="Hugh John Macdonald">H. Macdonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_William_Scott" title="Richard William Scott">Scott</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clifford_Sifton" title="Clifford Sifton">Sifton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilfrid_Laurier" title="Wilfrid Laurier">Laurier</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Oliver_(politician)" title="Frank Oliver (politician)">Oliver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Rogers_(Manitoba_politician)" title="Robert Rogers (Manitoba politician)">Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_James_Roche" title="William James Roche">Roche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Meighen" title="Arthur Meighen">Meighen</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lougheed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Stewart_(premier)" title="Charles Stewart (premier)">Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Herbert_Stevens" title="Henry Herbert Stevens">Stevens</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._B._Bennett" title="R. B. Bennett">Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Stewart_(premier)" title="Charles Stewart (premier)">Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gerow_Murphy" title="Thomas Gerow Murphy">Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Crerar" title="Thomas Crerar">Crerar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ministers_of_veterans_affairs" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:CA-Ministers_of_Veterans_Affairs" title="Template:CA-Ministers of Veterans Affairs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:CA-Ministers_of_Veterans_Affairs" title="Template talk:CA-Ministers of Veterans Affairs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:CA-Ministers_of_Veterans_Affairs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:CA-Ministers of Veterans Affairs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ministers_of_veterans_affairs" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Veterans_Affairs_(Canada)" title="Minister of Veterans Affairs (Canada)">Ministers of veterans affairs</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers of Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment (1918–28)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lougheed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_James_Manion" title="Robert James Manion">Manion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_S%C3%A9v%C3%A9rin_B%C3%A9land" title="Henri Sévérin Béland">Béland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Campbell_Elliott" title="John Campbell Elliott">Elliott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_James_Manion" title="Robert James Manion">Manion</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Ducharme_Morand" title="Raymond Ducharme Morand">Morand</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Paquet" title="Eugène Paquet">Paquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Horace_King" title="James Horace King">King</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Pensions_and_National_Health_(Canada)" title="Minister of Pensions and National Health (Canada)">Ministers of Pensions and National Health</a> (1928–44)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Horace_King" title="James Horace King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Ralston" title="James Ralston">Ralston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_MacLaren" title="Murray MacLaren">McLaren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Matheson_Sutherland" title="Donald Matheson Sutherland">Sutherland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Gavan_Power" title="Charles Gavan Power">Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Alistair_Mackenzie" title="Ian Alistair Mackenzie">Mackenzie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Veterans_Affairs_(Canada)" title="Minister of Veterans Affairs (Canada)">Ministers of Veterans Affairs</a> (1944–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Alistair_Mackenzie" title="Ian Alistair Mackenzie">Mackenzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Fowler_Gregg" title="Milton Fowler Gregg">Gregg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugues_Lapointe" title="Hugues Lapointe">Lapointe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Johnson_Brooks" title="Alfred Johnson Brooks">Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Churchill" title="Gordon Churchill">Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Lambert" title="Marcel Lambert">Lambert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Teillet" title="Roger Teillet">Teillet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Eudes_Dub%C3%A9" title="Jean-Eudes Dubé">Dubé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Laing" title="Arthur Laing">Laing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_J._MacDonald" title="Daniel J. MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_McKinnon" title="Allan McKinnon">McKinnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_J._MacDonald" title="Daniel J. MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilles_Lamontagne" title="Gilles Lamontagne">Lamontagne</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bennett_Campbell" title="Bennett Campbell">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Hees" title="George Hees">Hees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Merrithew" title="Gerald Merrithew">Merrithew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Campbell" title="Kim Campbell">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_McCreath" title="Peter McCreath">McCreath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Collenette" title="David Collenette">Collenette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doug_Young_(politician)" title="Doug Young (politician)">Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Mifflin" title="Fred Mifflin">Mifflin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Baker_(Canadian_politician)" title="George Baker (Canadian politician)">Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Duhamel" title="Ron Duhamel">Duhamel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rey_Pagtakhan" title="Rey Pagtakhan">Pagtakhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McCallum" title="John McCallum">McCallum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albina_Guarnieri" title="Albina Guarnieri">Guarnieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Thompson" title="Greg Thompson">Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Blackburn" title="Jean-Pierre Blackburn">Blackburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Blaney" title="Steven Blaney">Blaney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Fantino" title="Julian Fantino">Fantino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erin_O%27Toole" title="Erin O'Toole">O'Toole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kent_Hehr" title="Kent Hehr">Hehr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seamus_O%27Regan" title="Seamus O'Regan">O'Regan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jody_Wilson-Raybould" title="Jody Wilson-Raybould">Wilson-Raybould</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harjit_Sajjan" title="Harjit Sajjan">Sajjan</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_MacAulay" title="Lawrence MacAulay">MacAulay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginette_Petitpas_Taylor" title="Ginette Petitpas Taylor">Taylor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Superintendents-general_of_Indian_affairs" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:CA-Superintendents-General_of_Indian_Affairs" title="Template:CA-Superintendents-General of Indian Affairs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:CA-Superintendents-General_of_Indian_Affairs" title="Template talk:CA-Superintendents-General of Indian Affairs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:CA-Superintendents-General_of_Indian_Affairs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:CA-Superintendents-General of Indian Affairs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Superintendents-general_of_Indian_affairs" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Aboriginal_Affairs_and_Northern_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development">Superintendents-general of Indian affairs</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hector-Louis_Langevin" title="Hector-Louis Langevin">Langevin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Howe" title="Joseph Howe">Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Cox_Aikins" title="James Cox Aikins">Aikins</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Nicholson_Gibbs" title="Thomas Nicholson Gibbs">Gibbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Campbell_(Canadian_senator)" title="Alexander Campbell (Canadian senator)">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Laird" title="David Laird">Laird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_William_Scott" title="Richard William Scott">Scott</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Mills_(Canadian_politician)" title="David Mills (Canadian politician)">Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Macdonald" title="John A. Macdonald">Macdonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_White_(Canadian_politician)" title="Thomas White (Canadian politician)">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Macdonald" title="John A. Macdonald">Macdonald</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Dewdney" title="Edgar Dewdney">Dewdney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mayne_Daly" title="Thomas Mayne Daly">Daly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_John_Macdonald" title="Hugh John Macdonald">H. Macdonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_William_Scott" title="Richard William Scott">Scott</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clifford_Sifton" title="Clifford Sifton">Sifton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilfrid_Laurier" title="Wilfrid Laurier">Laurier</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Oliver_(politician)" title="Frank Oliver (politician)">Oliver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Rogers_(Manitoba_politician)" title="Robert Rogers (Manitoba politician)">Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_James_Roche" title="William James Roche">Roche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Meighen" title="Arthur Meighen">Meighen</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lougheed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Stewart_(premier)" title="Charles Stewart (premier)">Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Herbert_Stevens" title="Henry Herbert Stevens">Stevens</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._B._Bennett" title="R. B. Bennett">Bennett</a> (acting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Stewart_(premier)" title="Charles Stewart (premier)">Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Alistair_Mackenzie" title="Ian Alistair Mackenzie">Mackenzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gerow_Murphy" title="Thomas Gerow Murphy">Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Crerar" title="Thomas Crerar">Crerar</a><sup>1</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>1</sup>The offices of Minister of Immigration and Colonization, Minister of the Interior, Minister of Mines and Superintendent-General of Indian Affairs were abolished and the office of <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Mines_and_Resources_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Mines and Resources (Canada)">Minister of Mines and Resources</a> was created and came in force on December 1, 1936.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ministers_of_health" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:CA-Ministers_of_Health" title="Template:CA-Ministers of Health"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:CA-Ministers_of_Health" title="Template talk:CA-Ministers of Health"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:CA-Ministers_of_Health" title="Special:EditPage/Template:CA-Ministers of Health"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ministers_of_health" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Health_(Canada)" title="Minister of Health (Canada)">Ministers of health</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Soldiers%27_Civil_Re-establishment" title="Department of Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment">Ministers of Soldiers' Civil Re-establishment</a> (1918–28)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lougheed</a> (Senator)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_James_Manion" title="Robert James Manion">Manion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_S%C3%A9v%C3%A9rin_B%C3%A9land" title="Henri Sévérin Béland">Béland</a> (Senator)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Campbell_Elliott" title="John Campbell Elliott">Elliott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_James_Manion" title="Robert James Manion">Manion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Ducharme_Morand" title="Raymond Ducharme Morand">Morand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Paquet" title="Eugène Paquet">Paquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Horace_King" title="James Horace King">King</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Pensions_and_National_Health_(Canada)" title="Minister of Pensions and National Health (Canada)">Ministers of Pensions and National Health</a> (1928–44)<sup>1</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Horace_King" title="James Horace King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Ralston" title="James Ralston">Ralston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_MacLaren" title="Murray MacLaren">MacLaren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Matheson_Sutherland" title="Donald Matheson Sutherland">Sutherland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Gavan_Power" title="Charles Gavan Power">Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Alistair_Mackenzie" title="Ian Alistair Mackenzie">Mackenzie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Health_and_Welfare_Canada" title="Health and Welfare Canada">Ministers of Health and Welfare Canada</a> (1944–96)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brooke_Claxton" title="Brooke Claxton">Claxton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Martin_Sr." title="Paul Martin Sr.">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Johnson_Brooks" title="Alfred Johnson Brooks">Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Waldo_Monteith" title="J. Waldo Monteith">Monteith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_LaMarsh" title="Judy LaMarsh">LaMarsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_MacEachen" title="Allan MacEachen">MacEachen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Munro_(Canadian_politician)" title="John Munro (Canadian politician)">Munro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Lalonde" title="Marc Lalonde">Lalonde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monique_B%C3%A9gin" title="Monique Bégin">Bégin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Crombie" title="David Crombie">Crombie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monique_B%C3%A9gin" title="Monique Bégin">Bégin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jake_Epp" title="Jake Epp">Epp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perrin_Beatty" title="Perrin Beatty">Beatty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beno%C3%AEt_Bouchard" title="Benoît Bouchard">Bouchard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Collins_(politician)" title="Mary Collins (politician)">Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Marleau" title="Diane Marleau">Marleau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Dingwall" title="David Dingwall">Dingwall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Health_(Canada)" title="Minister of Health (Canada)">Ministers of Health</a> (1996–)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Dingwall" title="David Dingwall">Dingwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Rock" title="Allan Rock">Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_McLellan" title="Anne McLellan">McLellan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Pettigrew" title="Pierre Pettigrew">Pettigrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ujjal_Dosanjh" title="Ujjal Dosanjh">Dosanjh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Clement" title="Tony Clement">Clement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leona_Aglukkaq" title="Leona Aglukkaq">Aglukkaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rona_Ambrose" title="Rona Ambrose">Ambrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Philpott" title="Jane Philpott">Philpott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginette_Petitpas_Taylor" title="Ginette Petitpas Taylor">Petitpas Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patty_Hajdu" title="Patty Hajdu">Hajdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Yves_Duclos" title="Jean-Yves Duclos">Jean-Yves Duclos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Holland" title="Mark Holland">Holland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>1</sup>The portfolio was divided to create the posts of <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_National_Health_and_Welfare_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of National Health and Welfare (Canada)">Minister of National Health and Welfare</a> and <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Veterans_Affairs_(Canada)" title="Minister of Veterans Affairs (Canada)">Minister of Veterans Affairs</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Leaders_and_representatives_of_the_Government_in_the_Senate" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:CA-Leaders_of_the_Government_in_the_Senate" title="Template:CA-Leaders of the Government in the Senate"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:CA-Leaders_of_the_Government_in_the_Senate" title="Template talk:CA-Leaders of the Government in the Senate"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:CA-Leaders_of_the_Government_in_the_Senate" title="Special:EditPage/Template:CA-Leaders of the Government in the Senate"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Leaders_and_representatives_of_the_Government_in_the_Senate" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Representative_of_the_Government_in_the_Senate" title="Representative of the Government in the Senate">Leaders and representatives of the Government in the Senate</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Campbell_(Canadian_senator)" title="Alexander Campbell (Canadian senator)">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luc_Letellier_de_St-Just" title="Luc Letellier de St-Just">Letellier de Saint-Just</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_William_Scott" title="Richard William Scott">Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Campbell_(Canadian_senator)" title="Alexander Campbell (Canadian senator)">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Abbott" title="John Abbott">Abbott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mackenzie_Bowell" title="Mackenzie Bowell">Bowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Mowat" title="Oliver Mowat">Mowat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Mills_(Canadian_politician)" title="David Mills (Canadian politician)">Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_William_Scott" title="Richard William Scott">Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_John_Cartwright" title="Richard John Cartwright">Cartwright</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lougheed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raoul_Dandurand" title="Raoul Dandurand">Dandurand</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/William_Benjamin_Ross" title="William Benjamin Ross">Ross</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raoul_Dandurand" title="Raoul Dandurand">Dandurand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellington_Willoughby" title="Wellington Willoughby">Willoughby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Meighen" title="Arthur Meighen">Meighen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raoul_Dandurand" title="Raoul Dandurand">Dandurand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Horace_King" title="James Horace King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wishart_McLea_Robertson" title="Wishart McLea Robertson">Robertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ross_Macdonald" title="William Ross Macdonald">Macdonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Thomas_Haig" title="John Thomas Haig">Haig</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Walter_Aseltine" title="Walter Aseltine">Aseltine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Johnson_Brooks" title="Alfred Johnson Brooks">Brooks</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ross_Macdonald" title="William Ross Macdonald">Macdonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Joseph_Connolly" title="John Joseph Connolly">Connolly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Martin_Sr." title="Paul Martin Sr.">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Perrault" title="Ray Perrault">Perrault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Flynn" title="Jacques Flynn">Flynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Perrault" title="Ray Perrault">Perrault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bud_Olson" title="Bud Olson">Olson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_MacEachen" title="Allan MacEachen">MacEachen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dufferin_Roblin" title="Dufferin Roblin">Roblin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowell_Murray" title="Lowell Murray">Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joyce_Fairbairn" title="Joyce Fairbairn">Fairbairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alasdair_Graham" title="Alasdair Graham">Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernie_Boudreau" title="Bernie Boudreau">Boudreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharon_Carstairs" title="Sharon Carstairs">Carstairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Austin_(politician)" title="Jack Austin (politician)">Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marjory_LeBreton" title="Marjory LeBreton">LeBreton</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Claude_Carignan" title="Claude Carignan">Carignan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Peter_Harder_(politician)" title="Peter Harder (politician)">Harder</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marc_Gold" title="Marc Gold">Gold</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Government leaders listed in <i>italics</i> were not cabinet ministers.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389321#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389321#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389321#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000431743173">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/205169485">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJvXjyjBpBDwyG9HB3DQbd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/152625895">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_Alexander_Lougheed&oldid=1258203641">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_Alexander_Lougheed&oldid=1258203641</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a 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