CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9136a7123c14ff8e',cH: 'jpPb7LC6JJuCDqka9XxDZXA2l9eRrQUCGFhushS5hMI-1739804485-1.2.1.1-RTIVEsOTAqDWOWpl0L9gB_E84gFdslUj33ZuVGzQNAcM3at1MflWP9ZZwfJJj7G5',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=signaling%20system&page=4&__cf_chl_tk=7BvNWdb0XQs9cUlJbx0xC9519tytUgNEnWFpuKtd.iQ-1739804485-1.0.1.1-hs2d4QY5gxuuKiH9RsFtEEYYHo_j7P_YMdVbb_z0GBw",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1739804485',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=signaling%20system&page=4&__cf_chl_f_tk=7BvNWdb0XQs9cUlJbx0xC9519tytUgNEnWFpuKtd.iQ-1739804485-1.0.1.1-hs2d4QY5gxuuKiH9RsFtEEYYHo_j7P_YMdVbb_z0GBw",md: "NqKQbcXP1KJUF.kF1ZdOd4J5tgDVMA28yUJ1cGCG8jE-1739804485-1.2.1.1-T5sh3ErPUNiVM4huthhcghAFllvpBADLg7fraoUDw.A6BjSeSR58dJDww4gmUADU3LUekr15mNW41CjOO0n_jVd8OmhPrSJKymbbTIdbYYjTSocQRBcCmbR.2FDDPWgLlf6KkZcnaxhGOF.V.JSnKqeHuRgwZQkqPI9OL8bo8YM7f9EOOc5jKk8GSs9c1zbULgkwHjK8DS2qF_JqAA3kavorSDGTl91sgskuePMSS8PJ8ci99FYTNjkpw5b2cSaDx1FFh9PRiFXyzh7YwwK1MYAg79Z0IXmfJ1FfEfmIo50l9_OSlr4BCDkOBTDi7DnL2t2TrvtVsPjU17QJBsClouucGFULqv.CzQyFxEnP5wEJ0c2jFSnyPwuhKRCabV4Aea94RKsAJh2o9kzdN6umjVRxItGj66BYAseRFv10B_YlncuGQMAf.oVyQzpparq.c4ZJIa0NAfPXnYGgB2SIJTa_TZ3zKBoxkP0qZbSAsPj7590WG7NAQuJtJgPqz1ikU_u2KJXn3dsXZguRKwPl7B2FFuliJNudrH0wDE8b9HiJCW_HNiCxWonV5T8dhyzv5PXUx7P.2r32z6lFdCyP5QdXNdUfnQb7XzQdjObUszJtg5geMlN2OgniwN4rTPxgo5trJCVO1rEusrbWIyYQrSZ8i_KWBd7zSu6PeWwUUvWez094ZHSGknFr1YYPA5oO9uDZD5L1dFLA4RqPEYabRIBtCHW.1x3s2wkmmrZTn1WORV3Yml7Vo213UmHIeF57Yet.bd0Lu35N7GdWMy9wXKv5wBdPtEG7vUnuc0gpKkl1HH_TvkLQd0F7wyRPbZyYIaaNh7fCM0zmyTeL9Yp5.iq8ChgPmaycVJCWz.xJIDfZ_mLcqCOERpDUNKbnJ5Lr1znCVAqKTn5Sk2TjgUErSnK6yEEdoZcp5iS1h.WApxbI8eS36amQPtl56LzISDZ0gGRHUi9_jJudGw1tcHj0.IfcV7j7SylM12cJjp2l3JGaPMkOyOI1NuKIDO4B8buLsvkHnYh7JLn6q2EpnHN.B.K5LfjXD6vHxoBfZWNQaI5asSpXLtEwcwYn7yiOJwzgi82iRpwMlDaS8ptGFIEaRGxe801gnGvsIexKm78RBTtpAZ.zqoipWw_3L3Dib5etFMxt6BRF8xHQ3gDGVA6DEJ8LdlC38pBqnfNn5CaXcoSukG5c.1ANaXhI39dPiQj5u5TqeUkWY2IBWlNUwOZBkPoRiGZw2KdcUbVUx5ohBAd8iRC1SPbDynHl7OGAcd4wAkMxSQ7Oz_Dm6PxRFzRBags_K67BsUHJazdIA794lTNrTAK_BXnL.OrjIdbGmoX_BA7DXlEYWnnNiUcCisXwC.mTYj1amYar3vD701p3UEYURLwI60vzmqG5aHLXS2mWaxQWwRG8RrLGJ.yOr3cEFTENU2oiRzWXBI3QoXVczVLiASCA_GqcM7a2mWQhzohOksuece2nPg219fRRFmEPYIkM86JSABWIj9.I9y0rReF3Us5bJtHZBeB3rDYhWQbeYZtr8CvLNQ4y61xZva98Ztp62dmwPbsjVQ9RdzkZMsLReBeCPlZBlttXZW7CWPdXhzee1ZN0A3V_9GuQ1fH18JuFx5isM4v7di7LePqlFLAK5CBHbfBFLPFMbSpZZEuhl49UouXQDJcph8jFrbuTS_h8bOlk1aZFsYgu08bbfmAWZDvmCyz5aJPfEfvdbt88i0vUxQxWow7lzdvPq8cMNi5PrS3r5.P.VuluPxdFOx0m.iGphF9LLgZxwkuwsKOt2a8Nf9Qtk0ln47.aLVNysEsCV6R2FHFDwNYZiZxzDGmjV1N1qgdMt_tOkHzzUcYkgTyZCc7VBiuSjT.KZDOrZzanYd3DqNTgZU_HqTsTyzHIhQw7yGYPpsLExb_nP7dOPfYuXUGMBtjhXkM_b6uGSXEAXjszFTMAIm5MBwfrOUnE9fVF3mODkiNbBZ8Eqe7z",mdrd: "MBZtUcMHQCjYVNhuGf7.4T7fvIjqXM6h2iTF0Y2IHpE-1739804485-1.2.1.1-kt4FhQ8bU5FTfCL66K2UWaLiMZolW2_KXnf2C85jrS797Tol8v3dvjt7irZzJGqlktaxlkivv2hOCW.H_k8FN.5xD5Wz7XOgkrq49SDNg8GsWdaXYmk7nCP3oetkj3y8mWtMbo7lv6pyarflVlwz_qYYSUMSe1BRZwEKqtEoZNZap653z_sz3yNE87QmwFPmPvnwW_WzPsC7G_MJegAhzxYeyA7SEv1YX4OvsWd08MNLzvZeOGI9ZXtb7ldYXYZnQZCr5DZ4Q96WJFTHP04zjOe_jK.3YBydjVYJaj0qfBAs9KX1v7ijd4mybsab7RNwn_ql6bOD4JYDCSjg5iB4Vt1A9OpsHdE3Pe_CzKSQngA16KOKyiDx2dAaEGDdqNf7jbufxAWPN4ejba53upFgNACbT1Q6wcD1diaIMEgrQ_aMHid6bVsJDjIsr8u3pMRANdmEUbJzQBmqw3hWsfFkyrDcIyPiT1ZuO3CrXTlxOJ74GtKmHBMS7gUZIOYjABUU9k6TgE6D14gNmzQtA_0St3o5FsQrOJ5oqeEbvAfoNNiYGB3NDsUny4el1l4q4GTY6O5R8PIRBwZDyBpx4JXbDbb4_pTYiJcts2u7MiUgZiRa_vUwCjC.vfZdRg3xY.4JQCSs5aaZjs3M2oQiLoGbaUzGHj.Gvozmxv1WOtIRSubbgyX5891iVsVPObpBDADnEne.jqPGvrbQkEe5HuykjO9QTBoSEkSEWgWwHL3exyGmHdOv3wa_kk.YiMNac5tdE15nqdIyMKLXnlFWxCHwZciktFCYcVWBSKcelwhgGjZ_dtNwCSPqWecRyr1Az9EkzO_qq._lzET.DTbs3aon2ImpIjDUSnApoFkZxTsxD.UTCBrmSwsD1bplV9cytcoD4NcYZVjMTpYf_gKWN7qkAOZIC5SEgvwn0NGzn0ydLtSskWiKCyvMXV9QiznIehJerp_ey3Dw7NnpBRDOcZ06htJO.M0STrSEl3vA2e4fLOWC3ao.TbBMiTrbrJdDRbsJN2POjn0r2X_3bG65e2IjnQ8ulreLPsm7LK39g69luznPpeWfqVfB9MeumGGdMrGLpj7yWdQCSU9fKr.0uoiz705kw1tuYVUcbvgF7ODY3WCvofLxF7FvZJIBsLJTMh5waqXySzTVtH_S.ljIt4utSsVxpmoX8J_3FVzOyhSiKHgVKl66rCpCLsMrp2kgylXJL6EANAobipGnLz8Vm9CWigvzE9KTyV98JyD3QgHPYszaTE8xQzJv.029v_dqfmauocAjFjtuZsKxKgPoULZjVkbxxjqzc.jWQ5nyXmgexhtvknihciNgBmB8g6YZZe2DnhxYGHY6G_cCDUbnOTfWGtxsFz3Ys9LoyCuTSNFoLMDmlDwCLKAdbN1WltQFJOJYsRkjOqN81nsuBFCyxsTG4LDBe3l6KYbrc5YB.nbmjitWroBHKjDGOSHqdszFBMxYzv_CnWaOiWPj3S1sJ3Vcb8x_quaiytjkO5LL_1JPQMFaLoQBrcP8cf8FqCMhRFPWbSPYCsNbrzfyzvUCkdTzI7gOn56r58BooITBcvF_rYhR0SrJV3kRLVvE7N22CsOdK1S5hdkI0ICaH4Fho.GamB07gXtUD9fkeDRziARqeT_uUehlz7cJvUs2uKtN7uSxM74hUW8IObulsxNM0YA_LftSA5XTkrAjnmxYYTInZaRAgyMgq9dhDh_MZiSy6MFhQiT7hhWCIVy6GmWlrABUbjmbN0nxvtsM_LeCpNxNP5RF.BNvF9HiHktHoyGb7gsUmMjjHVFMntpHodEwXdHVTUXjPTIzZAIZw.YSNNteBOdFKDXsxCkirhyOYNKAOdLCq6__vgRkpULJd65KRMmRbGmpmcVCSWNp7V5oY4gTA6TOywz90Mi34z.QfU3U1hrifSG8bQBPN2rnfG7q3QgCpZe1JZewReB7E5McIc_fvlxFu_2uv40d2o7o_sqS1Hbq4qRZNMnJFsKmhCKsKZk_Dw"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9136a7123c14ff8e';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=signaling%20system&page=4&__cf_chl_rt_tk=7BvNWdb0XQs9cUlJbx0xC9519tytUgNEnWFpuKtd.iQ-1739804485-1.0.1.1-hs2d4QY5gxuuKiH9RsFtEEYYHo_j7P_YMdVbb_z0GBw" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>