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class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Togol isi kandungan" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Togol isi kandungan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Unsur kumpulan 11</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox 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Tersedia dalam 57 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-57" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">57 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A9" title="عناصر المجموعة الحادية عشرة – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عناصر المجموعة الحادية عشرة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupo_11_d%27a_tabla_periodica" title="Grupo 11 d'a tabla periodica – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Grupo 11 d'a tabla periodica" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementos_del_grupu_11" title="Elementos del grupu 11 – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Elementos del grupu 11" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B6vri_sistemin_11-ci_qrupu" title="Dövri sistemin 11-ci qrupu – Azerbaijan" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Dövri sistemin 11-ci qrupu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unsur_golongan_11" title="Unsur golongan 11 – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Unsur golongan 11" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datu_golongan_11" title="Datu golongan 11 – Bali" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Datu golongan 11" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Bali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B6_%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%B2" title="একাদশ শ্রেণীর মৌল – Benggali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="একাদশ শ্রেণীর মৌল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Benggali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/11._grupa_hemijskih_elemenata" title="11. grupa hemijskih elemenata – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="11. grupa hemijskih elemenata" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_11_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Група 11 на периодичната система – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Група 11 на периодичната система" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grup_11_de_la_taula_peri%C3%B2dica" title="Grup 11 de la taula periòdica – Catalonia" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Grup 11 de la taula periòdica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/11._skupina" title="11. skupina – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="11. skupina" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elfen_Gr%C5%B5p_11" title="Elfen Grŵp 11 – Wales" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Elfen Grŵp 11" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wales" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruppe_11" title="Gruppe 11 – Denmark" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gruppe 11" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Denmark" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kupfergruppe" title="Kupfergruppe – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kupfergruppe" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_11_element" title="Group 11 element – Inggeris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Group 11 element" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggeris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementos_del_grupo_11" title="Elementos del grupo 11 – Sepanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Elementos del grupo 11" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sepanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elemento_de_grupo_11" title="Elemento de grupo 11 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Elemento de grupo 11" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/11._taldeko_elementu" title="11. taldeko elementu – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="11. taldeko elementu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%87_%DB%B1%DB%B1_%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="گروه ۱۱ جدول تناوبی – Parsi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گروه ۱۱ جدول تناوبی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Parsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groupe_11_du_tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Groupe 11 du tableau périodique – Perancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Groupe 11 du tableau périodique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Perancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementos_do_grupo_11" title="Elementos do grupo 11 – Galicia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Elementos do grupo 11" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/11%EC%A1%B1_%EC%9B%90%EC%86%8C" title="11족 원소 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="11족 원소" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/11-%D6%80%D5%A4_%D5%AD%D5%B4%D5%A2%D5%AB_%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D6%80%D5%A5%D6%80" title="11-րդ խմբի տարրեր – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="11-րդ խմբի տարրեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B9_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A7_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5" title="समूह ११ तत्व – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="समूह ११ तत्व" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frumefni_%C3%AD_flokki_11" title="Frumefni í flokki 11 – Iceland" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Frumefni í flokki 11" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Iceland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementi_del_gruppo_11" title="Elementi del gruppo 11 – Itali" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Elementi del gruppo 11" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Itali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%AA_%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%93%D7%95%D7%AA_11" title="קבוצת יסודות 11 – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קבוצת יסודות 11" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementi_ya_kundi_la_11" title="Elementi ya kundi la 11 – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Elementi ya kundi la 11" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupp_11_de_la_taula_peri%C3%B2dica" title="Grupp 11 de la taula periòdica – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Grupp 11 de la taula periòdica" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_11_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Група 11 на периодниот систем – Macedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Група 11 на периодниот систем" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%ABmotu_r%C5%8Dp%C5%AB_11" title="Pūmotu rōpū 11 – Maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Pūmotu rōpū 11" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopergroep" title="Kopergroep – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kopergroep" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC11%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第11族元素 – Jepun" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="第11族元素" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCntmetal" title="Müntmetal – Frisian Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Müntmetal" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisian Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodesystemets_gruppe_11" title="Periodesystemets gruppe 11 – Bokmal Norway" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Periodesystemets gruppe 11" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmal Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruppe_11" title="Gruppe 11 – Nynorsk Norway" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Gruppe 11" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%AA_11_%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A4" title="ਗਰੁੱਪ 11 ਤੱਤ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਗਰੁੱਪ 11 ਤੱਤ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miedziowce" title="Miedziowce – Poland" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Miedziowce" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementos_do_Grupo_11" title="Elementos do Grupo 11 – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Elementos do Grupo 11" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupa_11_din_tabelul_periodic" title="Grupa 11 din tabelul periodic – Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Grupa 11 din tabelul periodic" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Подгруппа меди – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Подгруппа меди" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grupi_i_nj%C3%ABmb%C3%ABdhjet%C3%AB_i_elementeve_kimike" title="Grupi i njëmbëdhjetë i elementeve kimike – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Grupi i njëmbëdhjetë i elementeve kimike" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_11_element" title="Group 11 element – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Group 11 element" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/11._skupina" title="11. skupina – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="11. skupina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakrova_skupina" title="Bakrova skupina – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bakrova skupina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guruubka_11" title="Guruubka 11 – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Guruubka 11" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/11._%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="11. група хемијских елемената – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="11. група хемијских елемената" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryhm%C3%A4n_11_alkuaine" title="Ryhmän 11 alkuaine – Finland" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ryhmän 11 alkuaine" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koppargruppen" title="Koppargruppen – Sweden" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Koppargruppen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweden" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%81_11_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="நெடுங்குழு 11 தனிமங்கள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நெடுங்குழு 11 தனிமங்கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D_11_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%82" title="గ్రూప్ 11 మూలకం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="గ్రూప్ 11 మూలకం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88_11" title="ธาตุหมู่ 11 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ธาตุหมู่ 11" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%C3%B3m_nguy%C3%AAn_t%E1%BB%91_11" title="Nhóm nguyên tố 11 – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhóm nguyên tố 11" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_11_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B2" title="Група 11 періодичної системи елементів – Ukraine" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Група 11 періодичної системи елементів" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraine" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/11%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="11族元素 – Cina Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="11族元素" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Cina Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/11%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="11族元素 – Kantonis" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="11族元素" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/11%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="11族元素 – Cina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="11族元素" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Cina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q185870#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pautan antara bahasa" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pautan</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Pautan_ke_sini/Unsur_kumpulan_11" title="Senarai semua laman wiki yang mengandungi pautan ke laman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pautan ke laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perubahan_berkaitan/Unsur_kumpulan_11" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terkini bagi laman yang dipaut dari laman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan berkaitan</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ms" title="Muat naik fail [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Muat naik fail</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Laman_khas" title="Senarai semua laman khas 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</div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Periodic_table_group_11" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q185870" title="Pautan ke item repositori data yang bersambung [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Penampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Penampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Daripada Wikipedia, ensiklopedia bebas.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ms" dir="ltr"><table style="float: right; border: 1px solid #ccc; margin: 0.5em 0pt 0.8em 1.4em; padding: 3px !important; width: 75px;"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Kumpulan_jadual_berkala" title="Kumpulan jadual berkala">Kumpulan</a> →</th> <th>11 </th></tr> <tr> <th>↓ <a href="/wiki/Kala_jadual_berkala" title="Kala jadual berkala">Kala</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Unsur_kala_4" title="Unsur kala 4"><b>4</b></a> </th> <td style="text-align:center; background-color:#ffc0c0; color:black; border:1px solid black;">29<br /> <a href="/wiki/Kuprum" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuprum">Cui</a>  </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Unsur_kala_5" title="Unsur kala 5"><b>5</b></a> </th> <td style="text-align:center; background-color:#ffc0c0; color:black; border:1px solid black;">47<br /> <a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">Ag</a>  </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Unsur_kala_6" title="Unsur kala 6"><b>6</b></a> </th> <td style="text-align:center; background-color:#ffc0c0; color:black; border:1px solid black;">79<br /> <a href="/wiki/Emas" title="Emas">Au</a>  </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Unsur_kala_7" title="Unsur kala 7"><b>7</b></a> </th> <td style="text-align:center; background-color:#ffc0c0; color:black; border:1px dashed black;">111<br /> <a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium">Rg</a>  </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Unsur kumpulan 11</b> juga dikenali sebagai <b>kumpulan Kuprum</b> merupakan kumpulan <a href="/wiki/Unsur_kimia" title="Unsur kimia">unsur kimia</a> yang terkandung dalam <a href="/wiki/Kumpulan_jadual_berkala" title="Kumpulan jadual berkala">lajur</a> ke-11 (sistem <a href="/wiki/IUPAC" title="IUPAC">IUPAC</a>) <a href="/wiki/Jadual_berkala" title="Jadual berkala">jadual berkala unsur</a>. Kumpulan ini terdiri daripada <a href="/wiki/Logam_peralihan" title="Logam peralihan">logam peralihan</a> yang merupakan logam syiling tradisional iaitu <a href="/wiki/Kuprum" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuprum">kuprum</a> (<b>Cu</b>), <a href="/wiki/Perak" title="Perak">perak</a> atau argentum (<b>Ag</b>), <a href="/wiki/Emas" title="Emas">emas</a> atau aurum dan (<b>Au</b>). <a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium">Roentgenium</a> (<b>Rg</b>) juga merupakan ahli kumpulan ini oleh sebab <a href="/wiki/Konfigurasi_elektron" title="Konfigurasi elektron">konfigurasi elektronnya</a> yang sama seperti ahli-ahli lain, tetapi ia bukan logam syiling (<a href="/wiki/Separuh_hayat" title="Separuh hayat">separuh hayatnya</a> pendek iaitu kira-kira 3.6 saat sahaja). Nama “<b>logam syiling</b>” tidak seharusnya dijadikan nama alternatif bagi kumpulan 11 dan nama ini tidak disahkan oleh <a href="/wiki/IUPAC" title="IUPAC">IUPAC</a>. Tambahan pula, beberapa budaya lain telah menggunakan berbagai-bagai logam lain termasuk <a href="/wiki/Besi" title="Besi">besi</a> tahan karat, <a href="/wiki/Plumbum" title="Plumbum">plumbum</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Zink" class="mw-redirect" title="Zink">zink</a> untuk membuat duit syiling. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sifat">Sifat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unsur_kumpulan_11&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bahagian: Sifat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unsur_kumpulan_11&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Sifat"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sebagai mana kumpulan unsur lain, unsur-unsur dalam kumpulan ini menunjukkan corak dalam <a href="/wiki/Konfigurasi_elektron" title="Konfigurasi elektron">konfigurasi elektronnya</a>, terutamanya petala paling luar, dan seterusnya <a href="/wiki/Sifat_kimia" title="Sifat kimia">sifat kimia</a> mereka. </p> <table class="wikitable" border="1" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Nombor_atom" title="Nombor atom">Z</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Unsur_kimia" title="Unsur kimia">Unsur</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Petala_elektron" title="Petala elektron">Bilangan elektron/petala</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>29</td> <td>kuprum</td> <td>2, 8, 18, 1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>47</td> <td>perak</td> <td>2, 8, 18, 18, 1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>79</td> <td>emas</td> <td>2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>111</td> <td>roentgenium</td> <td>2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 1 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Secara relatifnya, unsur-unsur dalam kumpulan ini bersifat lengai kecuali roentgenium, <a href="/wiki/Logam" title="Logam">logam</a> yang tahan <a href="/wiki/Pengaratan" class="mw-redirect" title="Pengaratan">karat</a> digunakan untuk membuat syiling. Oleh sebab unsur-unsur ini mempunyai <a href="/wiki/Rintangan_elektrik" title="Rintangan elektrik">rintangan elektrik</a> yang sangat rendah, ia selalunya digunakan untuk membina <a href="/wiki/Wayar" title="Wayar">wayar</a>. Kuprum adalah yang paling murah dan digunakan secara meluas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Penggunaan">Penggunaan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unsur_kumpulan_11&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bahagian: Penggunaan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unsur_kumpulan_11&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Penggunaan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Unsur-unsur dalam kumpulan ini terkenal dengan nilainya yang tinggi, dalam sistem kewangan dan biasa dijumpai digunakan sebagai bahan <a href="/wiki/Perhiasan" title="Perhiasan">perhiasan</a>. Dalam masa yang sama, kesemuanya merupakan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konduktor_(bahan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konduktor (bahan) (laman tidak wujud)">konduktor</a> <a href="/wiki/Elektrik" title="Elektrik">elektrik</a> yang baik terutamanya perak diikuti dengan kuprum dan akhir sekali emas. Perak juga merupakan konduktor <a href="/wiki/Haba" title="Haba">haba</a> yang paling baik, dan juga unsur yang paling baik memantulkan cahaya. </p><p>Kuprum digunakan secara meluas sebagai wayar elektrik dan penyambungan litar. Emas pula kadang-kadang sahaj dijumpai dalam perkakas atau alat tertentu kerana sifatnya yang tidak akan berkarat. Perak diaplikasikan sebagai penghubung dalam alat elektrik, dan turut digunakan dalam <a href="/wiki/Fotografi" title="Fotografi">fotografi</a> (kerana <a href="/wiki/Argentum_nitrat" class="mw-redirect" title="Argentum nitrat">perak nitrat</a> atau argentum nitrat berbalik semula kepada <a href="/wiki/Logam" title="Logam">logam</a> dalam pendedahan terhadap <a href="/wiki/Cahaya" title="Cahaya">cahaya</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agrikultur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agrikultur (laman tidak wujud)">agrikultur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perubatan" title="Perubatan">perubatan</a>, dan beberapa lagi penggunaan saintifik. </p><p>Emas, perak dan kuprum merupakan logam yang agak lembut dan sering dibentuk menjadi <a href="/wiki/Syiling" title="Syiling">duit syiling</a>. Logam berharga juga boleh terlelas dengan mudahnya dan menjadi haus atau lusuh sepanjang penggunaannya. Dalam fungsi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilmu_numismatik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ilmu numismatik (laman tidak wujud)">numismatik</a> (ilmu berkaitan duit syiling), logam-logam ini perlu <a href="/wiki/Aloi" class="mw-redirect" title="Aloi">dialoikan</a> dengan logam lain untuk meningkatkan ketahanannya. Pengaloian dengan logam-logam lain boleh menjadikan duit syiling yang dihasilkan lebih kuat, tidak mudah berubah bentuk dan tahan lusuh. </p><p><b>Syiling emas</b>: <a href="/wiki/Syiling_emas" title="Syiling emas">Syiling emas</a> biasanya dihasilkan sama ada dengan 90% emas (cth: syiling pra-1933 AS), atau emas 22 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karat_(ketulenan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karat (ketulenan) (laman tidak wujud)">karat</a>, dengan kuprum dan perak melengkapkan peratusan pengaloian bagi setiap syiling. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jongkong_emas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jongkong emas (laman tidak wujud)">Jongkong emas</a> dihasilkan dengan menggunakan kira-kira 99.999% emas. </p><p><b>Syiling perak</b>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Syilng_perak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Syilng perak (laman tidak wujud)">Syilng perak</a> biasanya dihasilkan sama ada 90% perak (cth: syiling pra-1965 AS yang telah diedarkan ke beberapa buah negara), atau syiling <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perak_sterling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perak sterling (laman tidak wujud)">perak sterling</a> (92.5%) pada pra-1967 British Komanwel dan beberapa syiling perak yang lain, dengan kuprum melenkapkan peratusan pengaloian bagi setiap syiling. </p><p><b>Syiling tembaga</b>: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Syiling_kuprum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Syiling kuprum (laman tidak wujud)">Syiling tembaga</a> atau syiling kuprum biasanya mempunyai ketulenan yang tinggi iaitu kira-kira 97% dan biasanya dialoikan dengan sedikit <a href="/wiki/Zink" class="mw-redirect" title="Zink">zink</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Stanum" class="mw-redirect" title="Stanum">timah</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Inflasi" title="Inflasi">Inflasi</a> telah menyebabkan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nilai_muka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nilai muka (laman tidak wujud)">nilai muka</a> duit syiling telah jatuh di bawah paras nilai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mata_wang_kasar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mata wang kasar (laman tidak wujud)">mata wang kasar</a>. Hal ini telah memberikan kesan kepada penghasilan syiling moden – kupro-<a href="/wiki/Nikel" title="Nikel">nikel</a> (kira-kira 80:20, berwarna perak) juga popular sebagai nikel-<a href="/wiki/Loyang" title="Loyang">loyang</a> (kuprum (75), nikel (5) dan zink (20), berwarna emas) <a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan">mangan</a>- loyang (kuprum, zink, mangan, dan nikel), <a href="/wiki/Gangsa" title="Gangsa">gangsa</a>, ataupun daripada <a href="/wiki/Keluli" title="Keluli">keluli</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_juga">Lihat juga</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unsur_kumpulan_11&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bahagian: Lihat juga" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unsur_kumpulan_11&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Lihat juga"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Logam_peralihan" title="Logam peralihan">Logam peralihan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jadual_berkala" title="Jadual berkala">Jadual berkala</a></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Jadual_berkala" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5375175">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:PeriodicTablesFooter" class="mw-redirect" title="Templat:PeriodicTablesFooter"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bincang"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perbincangan_templat:PeriodicTablesFooter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perbincangan templat:PeriodicTablesFooter (laman tidak wujud)"><abbr title="Bincang templat ini" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:PeriodicTablesFooter&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jadual_berkala" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Jadual_berkala" title="Jadual berkala">Jadual berkala</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Susun atur</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Jadual_berkala_(piawai)" title="Jadual berkala (piawai)">Piawai</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Jadual_berkala_(menegak)" title="Jadual berkala (menegak)">Menegak</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Jadual_berkala_(penuh)" title="Jadual berkala (penuh)">Nama penuh</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Jadual_berkala_(terperinci)" title="Jadual berkala (terperinci)">Nama dan jisim atom</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Jadual_berkala_(logam_dan_bukan_logam)" title="Jadual berkala (logam dan bukan logam)">Logam dan bukan logam</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Jadual_berkala_(blok)" title="Jadual berkala (blok)">Blok</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jadual_berkala_(valens)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jadual berkala (valens) (laman tidak wujud)">Valens</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jadual_berkala_(tatarajah_elektron)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jadual berkala (tatarajah elektron) (laman tidak wujud)">Tatarajah elektron</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Jisim_atom/Jadual" title="Jisim atom/Jadual">Jisim atom</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Keelektronegatifan" title="Keelektronegatifan">Keelektronegatifan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Jadual_berkala_alternatif" title="Jadual berkala alternatif">Alternatif</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senarai unsur</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Senarai_unsur_mengikut_nama" title="Senarai unsur mengikut nama">Nama</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Senarai_unsur_mengikut_simbol" title="Senarai unsur mengikut simbol">Simbol atom</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Senarai_unsur_mengikut_nombor_atom" title="Senarai unsur mengikut nombor atom">Nombor atom</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Senarai_unsur_mengikut_takat_didih" title="Senarai unsur mengikut takat didih">Takat didih</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Senarai_unsur_mengikut_takat_lebur" title="Senarai unsur mengikut takat lebur">Takat lebur</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Senarai_unsur_mengikut_ketumpatan" title="Senarai unsur mengikut ketumpatan">Ketumpatan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Senarai_unsur_mengikut_jisim_atom" title="Senarai unsur mengikut jisim atom">Jisim atom</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kumpulan_jadual_berkala" title="Kumpulan jadual berkala">Kumpulan</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali" title="Logam alkali">1</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali_bumi" title="Logam alkali bumi">2</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/wiki/Unsur_kumpulan_3" title="Unsur kumpulan 3">3</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/wiki/Unsur_kumpulan_4" title="Unsur kumpulan 4">4</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/wiki/Unsur_kumpulan_5" title="Unsur kumpulan 5">5</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/wiki/Unsur_kumpulan_6" title="Unsur kumpulan 6">6</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/wiki/Unsur_kumpulan_7" title="Unsur kumpulan 7">7</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/wiki/Unsur_kumpulan_8" title="Unsur kumpulan 8">8</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/wiki/Unsur_kumpulan_9" title="Unsur kumpulan 9">9</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/wiki/Unsur_kumpulan_10" title="Unsur kumpulan 10">10</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a class="mw-selflink selflink">11</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/wiki/Unsur_kumpulan_12" title="Unsur kumpulan 12">12</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/wiki/Kumpulan_boron" title="Kumpulan boron">13</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/wiki/Kumpulan_karbon" title="Kumpulan karbon">14</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/wiki/Kumpulan_nitrogen" title="Kumpulan nitrogen">15</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/wiki/Kalkogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalkogen">16</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen">17</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/wiki/Gas_adi" title="Gas adi">18</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kala_jadual_berkala" title="Kala jadual berkala"><b>Kala:</b></a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Unsur_kala_1" title="Unsur kala 1">1</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/wiki/Unsur_kala_2" title="Unsur kala 2">2</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/wiki/Unsur_kala_3" title="Unsur kala 3">3</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/wiki/Unsur_kala_4" title="Unsur kala 4">4</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/wiki/Unsur_kala_5" title="Unsur kala 5">5</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/wiki/Unsur_kala_6" title="Unsur kala 6">6</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/wiki/Unsur_kala_7" title="Unsur kala 7">7</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Unsur_kala_8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unsur kala 8 (laman tidak wujud)">8</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Siri</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali" title="Logam alkali">Alkali</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/wiki/Logam_alkali_bumi" title="Logam alkali bumi">Logam alkali bumi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/wiki/Lantanid" title="Lantanid">Lantanid</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/wiki/Aktinid" class="mw-redirect" title="Aktinid">Aktinid</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/wiki/Logam_peralihan" title="Logam peralihan">Logam peralihan</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/wiki/Logam_lemah" title="Logam lemah">Logam lemah</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/wiki/Metaloid" title="Metaloid">Metaloid</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/wiki/Bukan_logam" title="Bukan logam">Bukan logam</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen">Halogen</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/wiki/Gas_adi" title="Gas adi">Gas adi</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Blok_jadual_berkala" title="Blok jadual berkala">Blok</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Blok-s" class="mw-redirect" title="Blok-s">blok-s</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/wiki/Blok-p" class="mw-redirect" title="Blok-p">blok-p</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/wiki/Blok-d" class="mw-redirect" title="Blok-d">blok-d</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/wiki/Blok-f" class="mw-redirect" title="Blok-f">blok-f</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> •</span>  <a href="/wiki/Blok-g" class="mw-redirect" title="Blok-g">blok-g</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diambil daripada "<a dir="ltr" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Unsur_kumpulan_11&oldid=5539255">https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Unsur_kumpulan_11&oldid=5539255</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Kategori" title="Khas:Kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Jadual_berkala" title="Kategori:Jadual berkala">Jadual berkala</a></li><li><a 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