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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1970_to_1996"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>1970 to 1996</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1970_to_1996-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1996_to_present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1996_to_present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>1996 to present</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1996_to_present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Germany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Germany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Germany</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Germany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Korea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Korea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>South Korea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Korea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Production</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Formats" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Formats"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Formats</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Formats-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Listening_practices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Listening_practices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Listening practices</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Listening_practices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Charitable_and_nonprofit_organizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Charitable_and_nonprofit_organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Charitable and nonprofit organizations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Charitable_and_nonprofit_organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Audiobook</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 56 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-56" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">56 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B9" title="كتاب مسموع – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كتاب مسموع" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audiollibru" title="Audiollibru – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Audiollibru" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Аудиокнига – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Аудиокнига" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audioknjiga" title="Audioknjiga – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Audioknjiga" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audiollibre" title="Audiollibre – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Audiollibre" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audiokniha" title="Audiokniha – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Audiokniha" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llyfr_llafar" title="Llyfr llafar – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Llyfr llafar" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lydbog" title="Lydbog – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Lydbog" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B6rbuch" title="Hörbuch – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hörbuch" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliraamat" title="Heliraamat – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Heliraamat" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audiolibro" title="Audiolibro – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Audiolibro" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonlibro" title="Sonlibro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sonlibro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="کتاب صوتی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کتاب صوتی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lj%C3%B3%C3%B0b%C3%B8kur" title="Ljóðbøkur – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Ljóðbøkur" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livre_audio" title="Livre audio – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Livre audio" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harkboek" title="Harkboek – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Harkboek" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closleabhar" title="Closleabhar – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Closleabhar" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EB%94%94%EC%98%A4%EB%B6%81" title="오디오북 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="오디오북" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%B8%D5%A3%D5%AB%D6%80%D6%84" title="Աուդիոգիրք – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Աուդիոգիրք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zvu%C4%8Dna_knjiga" title="Zvučna knjiga – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zvučna knjiga" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buku_audio" title="Buku audio – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Buku audio" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audiolibro" title="Audiolibro – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Audiolibro" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%98" title="ספר מוקלט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ספר מוקלט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirt%C3%BBka_bideng" title="Pirtûka bideng – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Pirtûka bideng" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lauschterbuch" title="Lauschterbuch – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Lauschterbuch" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangosk%C3%B6nyv" title="Hangoskönyv – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hangoskönyv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buku_audio" title="Buku audio – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Buku audio" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luisterboek" title="Luisterboek – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Luisterboek" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%AA%E3%83%96%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF" title="オーディオブック – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オーディオブック" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lydbok" title="Lydbok – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Lydbok" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lydbok" title="Lydbok – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Lydbok" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audiokitob" title="Audiokitob – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Audiokitob" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%93%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%95" title="ਆਡੀਓਬੁਕ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਆਡੀਓਬੁਕ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B6%C3%B6rbook" title="Höörbook – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Höörbook" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCka_m%C3%B3wiona" title="Książka mówiona – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Książka mówiona" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audiolivro" title="Audiolivro – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Audiolivro" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audiocarte" title="Audiocarte – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Audiocarte" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Аудиокнига – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Аудиокнига" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lib%C3%ABr_audio" title="Libër audio – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Libër audio" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audiobook" title="Audiobook – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Audiobook" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%DA%8A%D9%8A%D9%88_%DA%AA%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="آڊيو ڪتاب – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="آڊيو ڪتاب" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zvukov%C3%A1_kniha" title="Zvuková kniha – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Zvuková kniha" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zvo%C4%8Dna_knjiga" title="Zvočna knjiga – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Zvočna knjiga" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zvu%C4%8Dna_knjiga" title="Zvučna knjiga – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Zvučna knjiga" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zvu%C4%8Dna_knjiga" title="Zvučna knjiga – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Zvučna knjiga" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%84%C3%A4nikirja" 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="صوتی کتاب – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="صوتی کتاب" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A1ch_n%C3%B3i" title="Sách nói – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sách nói" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E8%81%B2%E6%9B%B8" title="有聲書 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="有聲書" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" 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href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q106833" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Recording of text(s) being read</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Talking book" redirects here. For the album, see <a href="/wiki/Talking_Book" title="Talking Book"><i>Talking Book</i></a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Talking_Book_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Talking Book (disambiguation)">Talking Book (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p>An <b>audiobook</b> (or a <b>talking book</b>) is a recording of a book or other work being read out loud. A reading of the complete text is described as "unabridged", while readings of shorter versions are <a href="/wiki/Abridgement" title="Abridgement">abridgements</a>. </p><p>Spoken audio has been available in <a href="/wiki/School" title="School">schools</a> and <a href="/wiki/Public_library" title="Public library">public libraries</a> and to a lesser extent in <a href="/wiki/Record_shop" title="Record shop">music shops</a> since the 1930s. Many <a href="/wiki/Spoken_word_album" title="Spoken word album">spoken word albums</a> were made prior to the age of <a href="/wiki/Cassette_tape" title="Cassette tape">cassettes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Compact_disc" title="Compact disc">compact discs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/MP3" title="MP3">downloadable audio</a>, often of <a href="/wiki/Poetry" title="Poetry">poetry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Play_(theatre)" title="Play (theatre)">plays</a> rather than books. It was not until the 1980s that the medium began to attract book retailers, and then book retailers started displaying audiobooks on bookshelves rather than in separate displays. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Audiobook&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term "talking book" came into being in the 1930s with government programs designed for blind readers, while the term "audiobook" came into use during the 1970s when audiocassettes began to replace <a href="/wiki/Phonograph_records" class="mw-redirect" title="Phonograph records">phonograph records</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-rubery_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rubery-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1994, the <a href="/wiki/Audio_Publishers_Association" title="Audio Publishers Association">Audio Publishers Association</a> established the term "audiobook" as the industry standard.<sup id="cite_ref-rubery_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rubery-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Audiobook&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Papa_of_the_Phonograph,_Daily_Graphic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/The_Papa_of_the_Phonograph%2C_Daily_Graphic.jpg/220px-The_Papa_of_the_Phonograph%2C_Daily_Graphic.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/The_Papa_of_the_Phonograph%2C_Daily_Graphic.jpg/330px-The_Papa_of_the_Phonograph%2C_Daily_Graphic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/The_Papa_of_the_Phonograph%2C_Daily_Graphic.jpg/440px-The_Papa_of_the_Phonograph%2C_Daily_Graphic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="676" data-file-height="649" /></a><figcaption>Caption reads: "The phonograph at home reading out a novel." From <i>Daily Graphic</i> (New York), 2 April 1878. Less than a year after the invention of the phonograph, this drawing offered a future vision. Novels however would remain impractical for phonographs until the 1930s.</figcaption></figure> <p>Spoken word recordings first became possible with the invention of the <a href="/wiki/Phonograph" title="Phonograph">phonograph</a> by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edison" title="Thomas Edison">Thomas Edison</a> in 1877.<sup id="cite_ref-rubery_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rubery-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Phonographic books" were one of the original applications envisioned by Edison which would "speak to blind people without effort on their part."<sup id="cite_ref-rubery_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rubery-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The initial words spoken into the phonograph were Edison's recital of "<a href="/wiki/Mary_Had_a_Little_Lamb" title="Mary Had a Little Lamb">Mary Had a Little Lamb</a>", the first instance of recorded verse.<sup id="cite_ref-rubery_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rubery-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1878, a demonstration at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Institution" title="Royal Institution">Royal Institution</a> in Britain included "<a href="/wiki/Hey_Diddle_Diddle" title="Hey Diddle Diddle">Hey Diddle Diddle, the Cat and the Fiddle</a>" and a line of <a href="/wiki/Alfred,_Lord_Tennyson" title="Alfred, Lord Tennyson">Tennyson</a>'s poetry thus establishing from the very beginning of the technology an association with spoken literature.<sup id="cite_ref-rubery_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rubery-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Audiobook&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Beginnings_to_1970">Beginnings to 1970</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Audiobook&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Beginnings to 1970"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many short, spoken word recordings were sold on cylinder in the late 19th and early 20th century;<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, the round cylinders were limited to about 4 minutes each making books impractical;<sup id="cite_ref-rubery_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rubery-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> flat platters increased to 12 minutes but this too was impractical for longer works.<sup id="cite_ref-rubery_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rubery-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "One early listener complained that he would need a wheelbarrow to carry around talking books recorded on discs with such limited storage capacity."<sup id="cite_ref-rubery_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rubery-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the 1930s close-grooved records increased to 20 minutes making possible longer narrative.<sup id="cite_ref-rubery_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rubery-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1931, the <a href="/wiki/American_Foundation_for_the_Blind" title="American Foundation for the Blind">American Foundation for the Blind</a> (AFB) and Library of Congress Books for the Adult Blind Project established the "Talking Books Program" (<a href="/wiki/Books_for_the_Blind" title="Books for the Blind">Books for the Blind</a>), which was intended to provide reading material for veterans injured during World War I and other visually impaired adults.<sup id="cite_ref-rubery_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rubery-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first test recordings in 1932 included a chapter from <a href="/wiki/Helen_Keller" title="Helen Keller">Helen Keller</a>'s <i>Midstream</i> and <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Allan_Poe" title="Edgar Allan Poe">Edgar Allan Poe</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/The_Raven" title="The Raven">The Raven</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-rubery_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rubery-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The organization received congressional approval for exemption from copyright and free postal distribution of talking books.<sup id="cite_ref-rubery_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rubery-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first recordings made for the Talking Books Program in 1934 included sections of the Bible; the Declaration of Independence and other patriotic documents; plays and sonnets by Shakespeare; and fiction by <a href="/wiki/Gladys_Hasty_Carroll" title="Gladys Hasty Carroll">Gladys Hasty Carroll</a>, <a href="/wiki/E._M._Delafield" title="E. M. Delafield">E. M. Delafield</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cora_Jarrett&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cora Jarrett (page does not exist)">Cora Jarrett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rudyard_Kipling" title="Rudyard Kipling">Rudyard Kipling</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Masefield" title="John Masefield">John Masefield</a>, and <a href="/wiki/P._G._Wodehouse" title="P. G. Wodehouse">P. G. Wodehouse</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-rubery_1-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rubery-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To save costs and quickly build inventories of audiobooks, Britain and the United States shared recordings in their catalogs. By looking at old catalogs, historian Matthew Rubery has "probably" identified the first British-produced audiobook as <a href="/wiki/Agatha_Christie" title="Agatha Christie">Agatha Christie</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Murder_of_Roger_Ackroyd" title="The Murder of Roger Ackroyd">The Murder of Roger Ackroyd</a></i>, read by Anthony McDonald in 1934.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Recording for the Blind & Dyslexic (RFBD, later renamed <a href="/wiki/Learning_Ally" title="Learning Ally">Learning Ally</a>) was founded in 1948 by Anne T. Macdonald, a member of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Public_Library" title="New York Public Library">New York Public Library</a>'s Women's Auxiliary, in response to an influx of inquiries from soldiers who had lost their sight in combat during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. The newly passed <i><a href="/wiki/GI_Bill_of_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="GI Bill of Rights">GI Bill of Rights</a></i> guaranteed a college education to all veterans, but texts were mostly inaccessible to the recently blinded veterans, who did not read <a href="/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">Braille</a> and had little access to live readers. Macdonald mobilized the women of the Auxiliary under the motto "Education is a right, not a privilege". Members of the Auxiliary transformed the attic of the New York Public Library into a studio, recording textbooks using then state-of-the-art six-inch vinyl <a href="/wiki/SoundScriber" title="SoundScriber">SoundScriber</a> phonograph discs that played approximately 12 minutes of material per side. In 1952, Macdonald established recording studios in seven additional cities across the United States. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Caedmon_Records" class="mw-redirect" title="Caedmon Records">Caedmon Records</a> was a pioneer in the audiobook business. It was the first company dedicated to selling spoken work recordings to the public and has been called the "seed" of the audiobook industry.<sup id="cite_ref-npr2002_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-npr2002-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Caedmon was formed in New York in 1952 by college graduates Barbara Holdridge and Marianne Roney.<sup id="cite_ref-npr2002_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-npr2002-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their first release was a collection of poems by <a href="/wiki/Dylan_Thomas" title="Dylan Thomas">Dylan Thomas</a> as read by the author.<sup id="cite_ref-npr2002_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-npr2002-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/LP_record" title="LP record">LP</a>'s B-side contained <i><a href="/wiki/A_Child%27s_Christmas_in_Wales" title="A Child's Christmas in Wales">A Child's Christmas in Wales</a></i>, which was added as an afterthought. The story was obscure and Thomas himself could not remember its title when asked what to use to fill up the <a href="/wiki/A-side_and_B-side" title="A-side and B-side">B-side</a>—but this recording went on to become one of his most loved works, and launched Caedmon into a successful company.<sup id="cite_ref-npr2002_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-npr2002-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The original 1952 recording was a selection for the 2008 <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Recording_Registry" class="mw-redirect" title="United States National Recording Registry">United States National Recording Registry</a>, stating it is "credited with launching the audiobook industry in the United States".<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Caedmon used <a href="/wiki/LP_record" title="LP record">LP</a> records, invented in 1948, which made longer recordings more affordable and practical, however most of their works were poems, plays and other short works, not unabridged books due to the LP's limitation of about a 45-minute playing time (combined sides). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Listening_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Listening Library">Listening Library</a><sup id="cite_ref-Kids_and_Teens_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kids_and_Teens-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was also a pioneering company, it was one of the first to distribute children's audiobooks to schools, libraries and other special markets, including VA hospitals.<sup id="cite_ref-maughan_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maughan-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was founded by Anthony Ditlow and his wife in 1955 in their <a href="/wiki/Red_Bank,_New_Jersey" title="Red Bank, New Jersey">Red Bank, New Jersey</a> home; Ditlow was partially blind.<sup id="cite_ref-maughan_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maughan-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another early pioneering company was <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spoken_Arts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spoken Arts (page does not exist)">Spoken Arts</a> founded in 1956 by Arthur Luce Klein and his wife, they produced over 700 recordings and were best known for poetry and drama recordings used in schools and libraries.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like Caedemon, Listening Library and Spoken Arts benefited from the new technology of LPs, but also increased governmental funding for schools and libraries beginning in the 1950s and 60s.<sup id="cite_ref-maughan_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maughan-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1970_to_1996">1970 to 1996</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Audiobook&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1970 to 1996"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Though spoken recordings were popular in <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac">33<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">3</span></span> vinyl record format for schools and libraries into the early 1970s, the beginning of the modern retail market for audiobooks can be traced to the wide adoption of <a href="/wiki/Cassette_tape" title="Cassette tape">cassette tapes</a> during the 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-blake_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blake-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cassette tapes were invented in 1962 and a few libraries, such as the Library of Congress, began distributing books on cassette by 1969.<sup id="cite_ref-blake_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blake-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, during the 1970s, a number of technological innovations allowed the cassette tape wider usage in libraries and also spawned the creation of new commercial audiobook market.<sup id="cite_ref-blake_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blake-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These innovations included the introduction of small and cheap portable players such as the <a href="/wiki/Walkman" title="Walkman">Walkman</a>, and the widespread use of cassette decks in cars, particularly imported Japanese models which flooded the market during the multiple energy crises of the decade.<sup id="cite_ref-blake_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blake-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the early 1970s, instructional recordings were among the first commercial products sold on cassette.<sup id="cite_ref-blake_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blake-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were 8 companies distributing materials on cassette with titles such as <i>Managing and Selling Companies</i> (12 cassettes, $300) and <i>Executive Seminar in Sound</i> on a series of 60-minute cassettes.<sup id="cite_ref-blake_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blake-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In libraries, most books on cassette were still made for blind and disabled people, however some new companies saw the opportunity for making audiobooks for a wider audience, such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Voice_Over_Books&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voice Over Books (page does not exist)">Voice Over Books</a> which produced abridged best-sellers with professional actors.<sup id="cite_ref-blake_9-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blake-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Early pioneers included Olympic gold medalist <a href="/wiki/Duvall_Hecht" title="Duvall Hecht">Duvall Hecht</a> who in 1975 founded the California-based <a href="/wiki/Books_on_Tape_(company)" title="Books on Tape (company)">Books on Tape</a> as a direct to consumer mail order rental service for unabridged audiobooks and expanded their services selling their products to libraries and audiobooks gaining popularity with commuters and travelers.<sup id="cite_ref-blake_9-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blake-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1978, Henry Trentman, a traveling salesman who listened to sales tapes while driving long distances, had the idea to create quality unabridged recordings of classic literature read by professional actors.<sup id="cite_ref-blades_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blades-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His company, the Maryland-based <a href="/wiki/Recorded_Books" title="Recorded Books">Recorded Books</a>, followed the model of Books on Tape but with higher quality studio recordings and actors.<sup id="cite_ref-blades_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blades-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recorded Books and <a href="/wiki/Chivers_Audio_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Chivers Audio Books">Chivers Audio Books</a> were the first to develop integrated production teams and to work with professional actors.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1984, there were eleven audiobook publishing companies, they included Caedmon, Metacom, Newman Communications, Recorded Books, Brilliance and Books on Tape.<sup id="cite_ref-blake_9-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blake-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The companies were small, the largest had a catalog of 200 titles.<sup id="cite_ref-blake_9-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blake-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some abridged titles were being sold in bookstores, such as <a href="/wiki/Walden_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Walden Books">Walden Books</a>, but had negligible sales figures, many were sold by mail-order subscription or through libraries.<sup id="cite_ref-blake_9-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blake-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in 1984, <a href="/wiki/Brilliance_Audio" class="mw-redirect" title="Brilliance Audio">Brilliance Audio</a> invented a technique for recording twice as much on the same cassette thus allowing for affordable unabridged editions.<sup id="cite_ref-blake_9-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blake-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The technique involved recording on each of the two channels of each stereo track.<sup id="cite_ref-blake_9-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blake-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This opened the market to new opportunities and by September 1985, <i>Publishers Weekly</i> identified twenty-one audiobook publishers.<sup id="cite_ref-blake_9-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blake-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These included new major publishers such as Harper and Row, Random House, and Warner Communications.<sup id="cite_ref-blake_9-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blake-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1986 has been identified as the turning point in the industry, when it matured from an experimental curiosity.<sup id="cite_ref-blake_9-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blake-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A number of events happened: the <a href="/wiki/Audio_Publishers_Association" title="Audio Publishers Association">Audio Publishers Association</a>, a professional non-profit trade association, was established by publishers who joined to promote awareness of spoken word audio and provide industry statistic.<sup id="cite_ref-blake_9-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blake-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Time-Life began offering members audiobooks.<sup id="cite_ref-blake_9-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blake-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Book-of-the-Month" class="mw-redirect" title="Book-of-the-Month">Book-of-the-Month</a> club began offering audiobooks to its members, as did the <a href="/wiki/Literary_Guild" title="Literary Guild">Literary Guild</a>. Other clubs such as the <a href="/wiki/History_Book_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="History Book Club">History Book Club</a>, Get Rich Club, Nostalgia Book Club, Scholastic club for children all began offering audiobooks.<sup id="cite_ref-blake_9-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blake-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Publishers began releasing religious and inspirational titles in Christian bookstores. By May 1987, <i>Publishers Weekly</i> initiated a regular column to cover the industry.<sup id="cite_ref-blake_9-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blake-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of 1987, the audiobook market was estimated to be a $200 million market, and audiobooks on cassette were being sold in 75% of regional and independent bookstores surveyed by <i>Publishers Weekly</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-blake_9-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blake-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By August 1988 there were forty audiobook publishers, about four times as many as in 1984.<sup id="cite_ref-blake_9-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blake-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the middle of the 1990s, the audio publishing business grew to 1.5 billion dollars a year in retail value.<sup id="cite_ref-hendren_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hendren-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1996, the Audio Publishers Association established the <a href="/wiki/Audie_Awards" title="Audie Awards">Audie Awards</a> for audiobooks, which is equivalent to the Oscar for the audiobook industry. The nominees are announced each year by February. The winners are announced at a gala banquet in May, usually in conjunction with <a href="/wiki/BookExpo_America" title="BookExpo America">BookExpo America</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1996_to_present">1996 to present</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Audiobook&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 1996 to present"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With the spread of the Internet to consumers in the 1990s, faster download speeds with broadband technologies, new compressed audio formats and portable media players, the popularity of audiobooks increased significantly during the late 1990s and 2000s. In 1997, <a href="/wiki/Audible_(store)" class="mw-redirect" title="Audible (store)">Audible</a> pioneered the world's first mass-market <a href="/wiki/Mobile_digital_media_player" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile digital media player">digital media player</a>, named "<a href="/wiki/The_Audible_Player" class="mw-redirect" title="The Audible Player">The Audible Player</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it retailed for $200, held 2 hours of audio and was touted as being "smaller and lighter than a <a href="/wiki/Walkman" title="Walkman">Walkman</a>", the popular cassette player used at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Digital audiobooks were a significant new milestone as they allowed listeners freedom from physical media such as cassettes and CMP3sas which required transportation through the mail, allowing instead instant download access from online libraries of unlimited size, and portability using comparatively small and lightweight devices. Audible.com was the first to establish a website, in 1998, from which digital audiobooks could be purchased. </p><p>Another innovation was the creation of <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> in 2005 by Montreal-based writer Hugh McGuire who posed the question on his blog: "Can the net harness a bunch of volunteers to help bring books in the public domain to life through <a href="/wiki/Podcasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Podcasting">podcasting</a>?" Thus began the creation of public domain audiobooks by volunteer narrators. By the end of 2021, LibriVox had a catalog of over 16,870 works.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The transition from vinyl, to cassette, to CD, to MP3CD, to digital download has been documented by <a href="/wiki/Audio_Publishers_Association" title="Audio Publishers Association">Audio Publishers Association</a> in annual surveys (the earlier transition from record to cassette is described in the section on the 1970s). The final year that cassettes represented greater than 50% of total market sales was 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-apa2004_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apa2004-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cassettes were replaced by CDs as the dominant medium during 2003–2004. CDs reached a peak of 78% of sales in 2008,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> then began to decline in favor of digital downloads. The 2012 survey found CDs accounted for "nearly half" of all sales meaning it was no longer the dominant medium (APA did not report the digital download figures for 2012, but in 2011 CDs accounted for 53% and digital download was 41%).<sup id="cite_ref-ap2012_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ap2012-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The APA estimates that audiobook sales in 2015 in digital format increased by 34% over 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The resurgence of audio storytelling is widely attributed to advances in mobile technologies such as <a href="/wiki/Smartphones" class="mw-redirect" title="Smartphones">smartphones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tablet_computer" title="Tablet computer">tablets</a>, and multimedia entertainment systems in cars, also known as connected car platforms.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Audio drama recordings are also now <a href="/wiki/Podcast" title="Podcast">podcast</a> over the internet.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2014, Bob and Debra Deyan of <a href="/wiki/Deyan_Audio" title="Deyan Audio">Deyan Audio</a> opened the Deyan Institute of Vocal Artistry and Technology, the world's first campus and school for teaching the art and technology of audiobook production.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2018, approximately 50,000 audiobooks were recorded in the United States with a sales growth of 20 percent year over year.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> U.S. audiobook sales in 2019 totaled 1.2 billion dollars, up 16% from the previous year. In addition to the sales increase, Edison Research's national survey of American audiobook listeners ages 18 and up found that the average number of audiobooks listened to per year increased from 6.8 in 2019 to 8.1 in 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Germany">Germany</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Audiobook&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Germany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The evolution and use of audiobooks in <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> (<i>Hörbuch</i>, "book for listening") closely parallels that of the US. A special example of its use is the <a href="/wiki/West_German_Audio_Book_Library_for_the_Blind" title="West German Audio Book Library for the Blind">West German Audio Book Library for the Blind</a>, founded in 1955. Actors from the municipal theater in <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster">Münster</a> recorded the first audiobooks for the visually impaired in an improvised studio lined with egg cartons. Because trams rattled past, these first productions took place at night. Later, texts were recorded by trained speakers in professional studios and distributed to users by mail. Until the 1970s recordings were on tape reels, then later cassettes. Since 2004, the offerings have been recorded in the <a href="/wiki/DAISY_Digital_Talking_Book" class="mw-redirect" title="DAISY Digital Talking Book">DAISY Digital Talking Book</a> <a href="/wiki/MP3" title="MP3">MP3</a> standard, which provides additional features for visually impaired users to both listen and navigate written material aurally.<sup id="cite_ref-goethe_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-goethe-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="India">India</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Audiobook&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Audiobooks in India started to appear somewhat later than in the rest of the world. Only by 2010 did Audiobooks gain mainstream popularity in the Indian market. This is primarily due to lack of previous organized efforts on the part of publishers and authors. The marketing efforts and availability of Audiobooks has made India as one of the fastest growing Audiobooks markets in the world.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The lifestyle of urban Indian population and one of the highest daily commute time in the world has also helped in making Audiobooks popular in the region. Business and Self Help books have widespread appeal and have been more popular than fiction/non-fiction.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This is because Audiobooks are primarily seen as an avenue for self-improvement and education, rather than entertainment. </p><p>Audiobooks are being released in various Indian languages. In <a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a>, the first audio novel, titled Ouija Board, was released by Kathacafe in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_Korea">South Korea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Audiobook&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: South Korea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the Korean publishing sector, since the audiobook business began in 2000, it has disappeared due to its failure to achieve meaningful results. </p><p>Nearly 20 years later, interest in mobile has increased in 2019, but there are still tasks to be solved. </p><p>First, Audiobook lacked a lot of policy support related to the industry, and secondly, Audiobook production environment infrastructure was insufficient. Third, research and technology development, such as academia, has not been active in order to continue to grow as an Audiobook industry.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Audiobook&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Producing an audiobook consists of a <a href="/wiki/Narrator" class="mw-redirect" title="Narrator">narrator</a> sitting in a <a href="/wiki/Recording_studio" title="Recording studio">recording booth</a> reading the text, while a studio engineer and a director record and direct the performance.<sup id="cite_ref-pierleoni_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pierleoni-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If a mistake is made the recording is stopped and the narrator reads it again.<sup id="cite_ref-pierleoni_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pierleoni-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With recent advancements in recording technology, many audiobooks are also now recorded in home studios by narrators working independently.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Audiobooks produced by major publishing houses undergo a proofing and editing process after narration is recorded. </p><p>Narrators are usually paid on a finished recorded hour basis, meaning if it took 20 hours to produce a 5-hour book, the narrator is paid for 5 hours, thus providing an incentive not to make mistakes.<sup id="cite_ref-pierleoni_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pierleoni-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Depending on the narrator they are paid <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>150 per finished hour to <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>400 (as of 2011<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Audiobook&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>).<sup id="cite_ref-pierleoni_31-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pierleoni-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many narrators also work as producers and deliver fully produced audiobooks, which have been edited, mastered, and proofed. They may charge an extra $75–$125 per finished hour in addition to their narration fee to coordinate and pay for the post-production services. The overall cost to produce an audiobook can vary significantly, as longer books require more studio time and more well known narrators come at a premium. According to a representative at Audible, the cost of recording an audiobook has fallen from around <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>25,000 in the late 1990s to around <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>2,000-<a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>3,000 in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Formats">Formats</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Audiobook&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Formats"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_audio_formats" title="Timeline of audio formats">Timeline of audio formats</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AudiobookLibrary2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/AudiobookLibrary2.jpg/220px-AudiobookLibrary2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/AudiobookLibrary2.jpg/330px-AudiobookLibrary2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/AudiobookLibrary2.jpg/440px-AudiobookLibrary2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>An audiobook collection in a library. A mix of cassette tape and CD-ROM formats.</figcaption></figure> <p>Audiobooks are distributed on any audio format available, but primarily these are records, cassette tapes, CDs, <a href="/wiki/MP3_CD" class="mw-redirect" title="MP3 CD">MP3 CDs</a>, downloadable digital formats (e.g., <a href="/wiki/MP3" title="MP3">MP3</a> (.mp3), <a href="/wiki/Windows_Media_Audio" title="Windows Media Audio">Windows Media Audio</a> (.wma), <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding" title="Advanced Audio Coding">Advanced Audio Coding</a> (.aac)), and solid state preloaded digital devices in which the audio content is preloaded and sold together with a hardware device. </p><p>In 1955, a German inventor introduced the <i>Sound Book</i> cassette system based on the <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tefifon" class="extiw" title="de:Tefifon">Tefifon format</a> where instead of a magnetic tape the sound was recorded on a continuous loop of grooved vinylite ribbon similar to the old <a href="/wiki/8-track_tape" class="mw-redirect" title="8-track tape">8-track tape</a>. Even though the original Tefifon upon which it was based ran at 19 CPS and could hold a maximum of 4 hours, one Sound Book could hold eight hours of recordings as it ran at half the speed or 9.5 CPS. However, just like the Tefifon, the format never became widespread in use.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A small number of books are <a href="/wiki/Books_on_the_radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Books on the radio">recorded for radio broadcast</a>, usually in abridged form and sometimes serialized. Audiobooks may come as fully dramatized versions of the printed book, sometimes calling upon a complete cast, music, and sound effects. Effectively <a href="/wiki/Audio_drama" class="mw-redirect" title="Audio drama">audio dramas</a>, these audiobooks are known as full-cast audiobooks. BBC radio stations <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_3" title="BBC Radio 3">Radio 3</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4" title="BBC Radio 4">Radio 4</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Radio_4_Extra" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio 4 Extra">Radio 4 Extra</a> have broadcast such productions as the <a href="/wiki/William_Gibson" title="William Gibson">William Gibson</a> novel <i><a href="/wiki/Neuromancer" title="Neuromancer">Neuromancer</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An <i>audio first production</i> is a spoken word audio work that is an original production but not based on a book. Examples include <a href="/wiki/Joe_Hill_(writer)" title="Joe Hill (writer)">Joe Hill</a>, the son of <a href="/wiki/Stephen_King" title="Stephen King">Stephen King</a>, who released a Vinyl First audiobook called <i>Dark Carousel</i> in 2018. It came in a 2-LP vinyl set, or as a downloadable MP3, but with no published text.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another example includes <i>Spin, The Audiobook Musical</i> (2018), a musical rendition of <a href="/wiki/Rumpelstiltskin" title="Rumpelstiltskin">Rumpelstiltskin</a> narrated by <a href="/wiki/Jim_Dale" title="Jim Dale">Jim Dale</a>, and featuring a cast of Broadway musical stars.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use">Use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Audiobook&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Farm_Extension_Worker.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Farm_Extension_Worker.jpg/220px-Farm_Extension_Worker.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Farm_Extension_Worker.jpg/330px-Farm_Extension_Worker.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Farm_Extension_Worker.jpg/440px-Farm_Extension_Worker.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2880" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption>Audiobook used to disseminate information among farmers in <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Audiobooks have been used to teach children to read and to increase reading comprehension. They are also useful for the <a href="/wiki/Blindness" class="mw-redirect" title="Blindness">blind</a>. The National <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a> in the U.S. and the <a href="/wiki/CNIB" class="mw-redirect" title="CNIB">CNIB Library</a> in <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> provide fees for audiobook library services to the visually impaired; requested books are mailed out (at no cost) to clients. Founded in 1996, <a href="/wiki/Assistive_Media" title="Assistive Media">Assistive Media</a> of Ann Arbor, Michigan was the first organization to produce and deliver spoken-word recordings of written journalistic and literary works via the Internet to serve people with visual impairments. </p><p>About 40 percent of all audiobook consumption occurs through public libraries, with the remainder served primarily through retail book stores. Library download programs are currently experiencing rapid growth (more than 5,000 public libraries offer free downloadable audiobooks). Libraries are also popular places to check out audiobooks in the CD format.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <a href="/wiki/National_Endowment_for_the_Arts" title="National Endowment for the Arts">National Endowment for the Arts</a>' study, "Reading at Risk: A Survey of Literary Reading in America" (2004), audiobook listening increases general literacy.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Listening_practices">Listening practices</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Audiobook&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Listening practices"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Spoken_word_album" title="Spoken word album">Spoken word album</a></div> <p>Audiobooks are considered a valuable tool because of their format. Unlike traditional books or a video program, one can listen to an audiobook while doing other tasks. Such tasks include doing the laundry, exercising, <a href="/wiki/Weed_control" title="Weed control">weeding</a> and similar activities. The most popular general use of audiobooks by adults is when commuting with an automobile or while traveling with public transport, as an alternative to radio or music. Many people listen as well just to relax or as they drift off to sleep. </p><p>A recent survey released by the <a href="/wiki/Audio_Publishers_Association" title="Audio Publishers Association">Audio Publishers Association</a> found that the overwhelming majority of audiobook users listen in the car, and more than two-thirds of audiobook buyers described audiobooks as relaxing and a good way to multitask. Another stated reason for choosing audiobooks over other formats is that an audio performance makes some books more interesting.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Common practices of listening include: </p> <ul><li><b>Replaying</b>: Depending upon one's degree of attention and interest, it is often necessary to listen to segments of an audiobook more than once to allow the material to be understood and retained satisfactorily. Replaying may be done immediately or after extended periods of time.</li> <li><b>Learning</b>: People may listen to an audiobook (usually an unabridged one) while following along in an actual book. This helps them to learn words that they may not learn correctly if they were only to read the book. This can also be a very effective way to learn a new language.</li> <li><b>Multitasking</b>: Many audiobook listeners choose the format because it allows multitasking during otherwise mundane or routine tasks such as exercising, crafting, or cooking.</li> <li><b>Entertainment</b>: Audiobooks have become a popular form of travel entertainment for families or commuters.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Charitable_and_nonprofit_organizations">Charitable and nonprofit organizations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Audiobook&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Charitable and nonprofit organizations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bolkonskij-frontal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Bolkonskij-frontal.jpg/220px-Bolkonskij-frontal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Bolkonskij-frontal.jpg/330px-Bolkonskij-frontal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Bolkonskij-frontal.jpg/440px-Bolkonskij-frontal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="336" /></a><figcaption>Example of an audio studio for professional readings. The studio is surrounded in <a href="/wiki/Sound_baffle" title="Sound baffle">sound baffle</a> panels to mitigate <a href="/wiki/Reverberation" title="Reverberation">reverberation</a> from the speaker, allowing the microphone to pick up clearer audio.</figcaption></figure> <p>Founded in 1948, <a href="/wiki/Learning_Ally" title="Learning Ally">Learning Ally</a> serves more than 300,000 K–12, college and graduate students, veterans and lifelong learners—all of whom cannot read standard print due to blindness, visual impairment, dyslexia, or other learning disabilities. Learning Ally's collection of more than 80,000 human-narrated textbooks and literature titles can be downloaded on mainstream smartphones and tablets, and is the largest of its kind in the world. </p><p>Founded in 2002, <a href="/wiki/Bookshare" title="Bookshare">Bookshare</a> is an online library of computer-read audiobooks in accessible formats for people with print disabilities. </p><p>Founded in 2005, <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> is also an online library of downloadable audiobooks and a free non for profit organisation developed by Hugh McGuire. It has public domain audiobooks in several languages.<sup id="cite_ref-librivox_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-librivox-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Calibre Audio Library is a UK charity providing a subscription-free service of unabridged audiobooks for people with sight problems, dyslexia or other disabilities, who cannot read print. They have a library of over 8,550 fiction and non-fiction titles which can be borrowed by post on MP3 CDs and memory sticks or via streaming.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Listening Books is a UK audiobook charity providing an internet streaming, download and postal service to anyone who has a disability or illness which makes it difficult to hold a book, turn its pages, or read in the usual way, this includes people with visual, physical, learning or mental health difficulties. They have audiobooks for both leisure and learning and a library of over 7,500 titles which are recorded in their own digital studios or commercially sourced. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Royal_National_Institute_of_Blind_People" title="Royal National Institute of Blind People">Royal National Institute of Blind People</a> (RNIB) is a UK charity which offers a Talking Books library service. The audiobooks are provided in <a href="/wiki/DAISY_Digital_Talking_Book" class="mw-redirect" title="DAISY Digital Talking Book">DAISY</a> format and delivered to the reader's house by post as a CD or USB memory stick. There are over 30,000 audiobooks available to borrow, which are free to print disabled library members. RNIB subsidises the Talking Books service by around £4 million a year.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Audiobook&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assistive_Media" title="Assistive Media">Assistive Media</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Little_Thinker" title="Little Thinker">Little Thinker</a></i> (1978, first release)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Audio_Theatre_Festival" title="National Audio Theatre Festival">National Audio Theatre Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingshu" title="Pingshu">Pingshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playaway" title="Playaway">Playaway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_drama" title="Radio drama">Radio drama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Text-to-speech" class="mw-redirect" title="Text-to-speech">Text-to-speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_acting" title="Voice acting">Voice acting</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Audiobook&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-rubery-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rubery_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rubery_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rubery_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rubery_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rubery_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rubery_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rubery_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rubery_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rubery_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rubery_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rubery_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rubery_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rubery_1-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rubery_1-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMatthew_Rubery2011" class="citation book cs1">Matthew Rubery, ed. 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Booksalley.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20111028210715/http://booksalley.com/bAMain/bAlleyAwards.php">Archived</a> from the original on 28 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+Kind+of+Listener+Are+You%3F&rft.pub=Random+House+Audio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tryaudiobooks.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAudiobook" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-librivox-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-librivox_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/pages/about-librivox/">"About Librivox"</a>. <i>Librivox.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303174231/https://librivox.org/pages/about-librivox/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Librivox.org&rft.atitle=About+Librivox&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flibrivox.org%2Fpages%2Fabout-librivox%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAudiobook" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://calibre.org.uk/page.aspx?sitesectionid=86&sitesectiontitle=Calibre+Services">"Calibre services"</a>. calibre.org.uk. 28 March 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20120328151530/http://calibre.org.uk/page.aspx?sitesectionid=86&sitesectiontitle=Calibre+Services">Archived</a> from the original on 28 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Calibre+services&rft.pub=calibre.org.uk&rft.date=2013-03-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcalibre.org.uk%2Fpage.aspx%3Fsitesectionid%3D86%26sitesectiontitle%3DCalibre%2BServices&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAudiobook" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rnib.org.uk/livingwithsightloss/readingwriting/Talkingbooksanddaisyplayers/Pages/talking_books_daisy.aspx">"RNIB Talking Books Service"</a>. Rnib.org.uk. 8 June 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120724163250/http://www.rnib.org.uk/livingwithsightloss/readingwriting/Talkingbooksanddaisyplayers/Pages/talking_books_daisy.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 24 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RNIB+Talking+Books+Service&rft.pub=Rnib.org.uk&rft.date=2012-06-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rnib.org.uk%2Flivingwithsightloss%2Freadingwriting%2FTalkingbooksanddaisyplayers%2FPages%2Ftalking_books_daisy.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAudiobook" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Audiobook&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlter2013" class="citation web cs1">Alter, Alexandra (1 August 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424127887323854904578637850049098298">"The New Explosion in Audio Books"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=The+New+Explosion+in+Audio+Books&rft.date=2013-08-01&rft.aulast=Alter&rft.aufirst=Alexandra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2FSB10001424127887323854904578637850049098298&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAudiobook" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlshan2015" class="citation web cs1">Olshan, Jeremy (8 December 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marketwatch.com/story/why-some-audiobooks-sell-four-times-as-well-as-their-print-versions-2015-12-08">"Why some audiobooks sell four times as well as their print versions"</a>. Marketwatch. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Why+some+audiobooks+sell+four+times+as+well+as+their+print+versions&rft.date=2015-12-08&rft.aulast=Olshan&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marketwatch.com%2Fstory%2Fwhy-some-audiobooks-sell-four-times-as-well-as-their-print-versions-2015-12-08&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAudiobook" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Audiobook&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Books" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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<li><a href="/wiki/Editing" title="Editing">Editing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_illustration" title="Book illustration">Illustration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illuminated_manuscript" title="Illuminated manuscript">Illuminated manuscripts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printing" title="Printing">Printing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edition_(book)" title="Edition (book)">edition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_printing" title="History of printing">history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incunable" title="Incunable">incunabula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instant_book" title="Instant book">instant book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limited-edition_book" class="mw-redirect" title="Limited-edition book">limited edition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Publishing" title="Publishing">Publishing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advance_copy" title="Advance copy">advance copy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardcover" title="Hardcover">hardcover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paperback" title="Paperback">paperback</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_size" title="Book size">Size</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typesetting" title="Typesetting">Typesetting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volume_(bibliography)" title="Volume (bibliography)">Volume (bibliography)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collection_(publishing)" title="Collection (publishing)">Collection (publishing)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_series" title="Book series">Book series</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Consumption</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Literary_award" title="Literary award">Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bestseller" title="Bestseller">Bestsellers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_books" title="List of best-selling books">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography" title="Bibliography">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliomania" title="Bibliomania">Bibliomania</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tsundoku" title="Tsundoku">tsundoku</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliophilia" title="Bibliophilia">Bibliophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliotherapy" title="Bibliotherapy">Bibliotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bookmark" title="Bookmark">Bookmarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bookselling" title="Bookselling">Bookselling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blurb" title="Blurb">blurbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_town" title="Book town">book towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_bookselling" title="History of bookselling">history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Used_book" title="Used book">used</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_censorship" title="Book censorship">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_discussion_club" title="Book discussion club">Clubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_collecting" title="Book collecting">Collecting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_scanning" title="Book scanning">Digitizing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bookworm_(insect)" title="Bookworm (insect)">Bookworm (insect)</a></li> <li>Furniture <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bookcase" title="Bookcase">bookcases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bookend" title="Bookend">bookends</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library" title="Library">Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Print_culture" title="Print culture">Print culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reading" title="Reading">Reading</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Literacy" title="Literacy">literacy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_review" title="Book review">Reviews</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Books_in_Brazil" title="Books in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_in_France" title="Books in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_in_Germany" title="Books in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_in_Italy" title="Books in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Was%C5%8Dbon" title="Wasōbon">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_in_the_Netherlands" title="Books in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_and_publishing_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Books and publishing in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_in_Spain" title="Books in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Books in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_in_the_United_States" title="Books in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Genres <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fictional_book" title="Fictional book">fictional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miniature_book" title="Miniature book">miniature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop-up_book" title="Pop-up book">pop-up</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textbook" title="Textbook">textbook</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grimoire" title="Grimoire">Grimoire</a></li> <li>Formats <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">audiobooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebook" title="Ebook">Ebooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folio" title="Folio">Folio</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_table_book" title="Coffee table book">Coffee table book</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_banned_books" title="Lists of banned books">Banned books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_burning" title="Book burning">Book burning</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_book-burning_incidents" title="List of book-burning incidents">incidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_book_burnings" title="Nazi book burnings">Nazi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_curse" title="Book curse">Book curses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_packaging" title="Book packaging">Book packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_swapping" title="Book swapping">Book swapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_tour" title="Book tour">Book tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_books,_manuscripts,_documents_and_ephemera" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservation and restoration of books, manuscripts, documents and ephemera">Conservation and restoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dog_ears" title="Dog ears">Dog ears</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_books" title="History of books">History of books</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scroll" title="Scroll">scroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codex" title="Codex">codex</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intellectual_property" title="Intellectual property">Intellectual property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novel" title="Novel">Novel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_books" title="Outline of books">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preservation_(library_and_archive)" title="Preservation (library and archive)">Preservation</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Philobiblon" title="The Philobiblon">The Philobiblon</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Book_Day" title="World Book Day">World Book Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Book_Capital" title="World Book Capital">World Book Capital</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" 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