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<!DOCTYPE HTML SYSTEM "about:legacy-compat"> <html dir="ltr" lang="en" class="no-js"><meta content="IE=edge" http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible"/><head><script defer="true" src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-ZPPZDJMM4D">/* */</script><script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-ZPPZDJMM4D'); //gtag('config', 'UA-114340265-1'); </script><script> /** * Function that tracks a click on an outbound link in Analytics. * This function takes a valid URL string as an argument, and uses that URL string * as the event label. 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These data are provided as <a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/" class="licenseLogo"><img alt="public" src="/css/images/creativeCommonsLogos/cc-zero.png;jsessionid=FBA3F489EEC382F88E92AC6E8EEBBA49" class="cclogos"/></a> Public Domain CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0). </p><p> Nomenclatural and classification information used for the initial data ingestion into the World Flora Online taxonomic backbone was provided by The Plant List Version 1.1 (September 2013). The data resources used to build The Plant List were contributed by: African Plants Database (Conservatory and Botanical Gardens of the City of Geneva and South African National Biodiversity Institute); GrassBase; The Global Compositae Checklist (International Compositae Alliance); The International Legume Database and Information Service; The International Organisation for Plant Information; International Plant Names Index (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Harvard University Herbaria, and Australian National Herbarium); The iPlants Project (Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew, Missouri Botanical Garden, and New York Botanical Garden); Missouri Botanical Garden (Bryophyte Checklist, Checklist of Bolivia, Flora of China Checklist, Checklist of Ecuador, Flora Mesoamericana, Checklist of Panama, Checklist of Peru); Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (Rosaceae), and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. See <a href="http://www.theplantlist.org/1.1/about/#collaborators">http://www.theplantlist.org/1.1/about/#collaborators</a> for further details. </p><p> This initial backbone is now being actively curated by taxonomic specialists of particular plant groups, with Taxonomic Expert Networks (TENs) given responsibility for updating the classifications of families. The WFO Consortium welcomes participation of the world鈥檚 community of botanists to create and join TENs, to help improve the WFO taxonomic backbone and so develop an up-to-date global consensus classification. If you would like to join them or contribute please check the list of current WFO Taxonomic Expert Networks and their contact information in the <a href="https://about.worldfloraonline.org/tens">About</a> page. </p><div><table class="table"><thead><tr><td><b>Latest Static Version:</b></td><td><a href="https://files.worldfloraonline.org/files/WFO_Backbone/_WFOCompleteBackbone/WFO_Backbone.zip">World Flora Online Taxonomic Backbone</a></td><td>118MB</td><td>v.2024.06</td><td>Jun. 22, 2024</td><td>(DwCA) Taxonomic classification.</td><td><a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12171908">10.5281/zenodo.12171908</a></td></tr></thead></table></div><p> When citing the World Flora Online, you may use: "WFO ([Year]): World Flora Online. Version [Year].[Month]. Published on the Internet; http://www.worldfloraonline.org. Accessed on:[Date]". Please ensure that the [Date] of accession accords with the date for your use of the system and the [Year] and [Month] correspond to the file you are using. </p><p> You can cite all versions by using the DOI <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7460141">10.5281/zenodo.7460141</a>. This DOI represents all versions, and will always resolve to the latest one. </p></p></div></div><div class="inner"><div class="box"><h1 id="previousVersions"> Previous Versions </h1><p class="justified"> Copies of previous static versions are available here for citation and archiving purposes: </p><div class="row"><div class="span11"><table class="table"><thead><tr><th>Name</th><th>Size</th><th>Version</th><th>Date</th><th>Description</th><th>DOI</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><a href="https://files.worldfloraonline.org/files/WFO_Backbone/_WFOCompleteBackbone/archive/WFOTaxonomicBackbone_v.2.1_20241001.zip">World Flora Online Taxonomic Backbone</a></td><td>108MB</td><td>v.2023.12</td><td>Dec. 22, 2023</td><td>(DwCA) Taxonomic classification.</td><td><a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10425161">10.5281/zenodo.10425161</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://files.worldfloraonline.org/files/WFO_Backbone/_WFOCompleteBackbone/archive/WFOTaxonomicBackbone_v.2.1_20240309.zip">WFO Taxonomic Backbone (20231222)</a></td><td>105MB</td><td>v.2023.06</td><td>Jun. 25, 2023</td><td>(DwCA) Taxonomic classification.</td><td><a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8079052">10.5281/zenodo.8079052</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://files.worldfloraonline.org/files/WFO_Backbone/_WFOCompleteBackbone/archive/WFOTaxonomicBackbone_v.2.1_20231222.zip">WFO Taxonomic Backbone (20230625)</a></td><td>103MB</td><td>v.2023.03</td><td>Mar. 04, 2023</td><td>(DwCA) Taxonomic classification.</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://files.worldfloraonline.org/files/WFO_Backbone/_WFOCompleteBackbone/archive/WFOTaxonomicBackbone_v.2.1_20230304.zip">WFO Taxonomic Backbone (20230304)</a></td><td>103MB</td><td>v.2022.12</td><td>Dec. 22, 2022</td><td>(DwCA) Taxonomic classification.</td><td><a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7467360">10.5281/zenodo.7467360</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://files.worldfloraonline.org/files/WFO_Backbone/_WFOCompleteBackbone/archive/WFOTaxonomicBackbone_v.1.12_20221221.zip">WFO Taxonomic Backbone (20221221)</a></td><td>89.5MB</td><td>v.2022.07</td><td>Jul. 07, 2022</td><td>(DwCA) Taxonomic classification and bibliographic references.</td><td><a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7462490">10.5281/zenodo.7462490</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://files.worldfloraonline.org/files/WFO_Backbone/_WFOCompleteBackbone/archive/WFOTaxonomicBackbone_v.1.7_20220712.zip">WFO Taxonomic Backbone (20220712)</a></td><td>89.5MB</td><td>v.2022.04</td><td>Apr. 08, 2022</td><td>(DwCA) Taxonomic classification and bibliographic references.</td><td><a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7462427">10.5281/zenodo.7462427</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://files.worldfloraonline.org/files/WFO_Backbone/_WFOCompleteBackbone/archive/WFOTaxonomicBackbone_v.1.4_20220408.zip">WFO Taxonomic Backbone (20220408)</a></td><td>89.3MB</td><td>v.2021.12</td><td>Dec. 09, 2021</td><td>(DwCA) Taxonomic classification and bibliographic references.</td><td><a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7462229">10.5281/zenodo.7462229</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://files.worldfloraonline.org/files/WFO_Backbone/_WFOCompleteBackbone/archive/WFOTaxonomicBackbone_v.1.3_20211209.zip">WFO Taxonomic Backbone (20211209)</a></td><td>89.3MB</td><td>v.2019.10</td><td>Oct. 10, 2019</td><td>(DwCA) Taxonomic classification and bibliographic references.</td><td/></tr><tr><td><a href="https://files.worldfloraonline.org/files/WFO_Backbone/_WFOCompleteBackbone/archive/WFOTaxonomicBackbone_v.1.2_20191010.zip">WFO Taxonomic Backbone (20211010)</a></td><td>101MB</td><td>v.2019.05</td><td>May 17, 2019</td><td>(DwCA) Taxonomic classification and bibliographic references.</td><td><a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7462137">10.5281/zenodo.7462137</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://files.worldfloraonline.org/files/WFO_Backbone/_WFOCompleteBackbone/archive/WFOTaxonomicBackbone_v.1.1_20190513.zip">WFO Taxonomic Backbone (20190513)</a></td><td>137MB</td><td>v.2019.04</td><td>Apr. 21, 2019</td><td>(DwCA) Taxonomic classification and bibliographic references.</td><td><a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7461831">10.5281/zenodo.7461831</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://files.worldfloraonline.org/files/WFO_Backbone/_WFOCompleteBackbone/archive/WFOTaxonomicBackbone_v.1.1_20190420.zip">WFO Taxonomic Backbone (20190420)</a></td><td>93.8MB</td><td>v.2019.03</td><td>Mar. 05, 2019</td><td>(DwCA) Taxonomic classification and bibliographic references.</td><td><a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7460932">10.5281/zenodo.7460932</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://files.worldfloraonline.org/files/WFO_Backbone/_WFOCompleteBackbone/archive/WFOTaxonomicBackbone_v.1.1_20190305.zip">WFO Taxonomic Backbone (20190305)</a></td><td>73.5MB</td><td>v.2018.07</td><td>Jul. 11, 2018</td><td>(DwCA) Taxonomic classification.</td><td><a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7460142">10.5281/zenodo.7460142</a></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div></div><div class="inner"><div class="box"><h1 id="nameMatchingFacility"> Name Matching facility (R package). </h1><p class="justified"><p> The standardisation of plant names is a critical step in various fields of biology, including biodiversity, biogeography, and vegetation research. The <b>WorldFlora</b> R package (Kindt 2020) matches lists of plant names using the static copy of the World Flora Online (WFO) taxonomic backbone available here. </p><p> WorldFlora offers a straightforward pipeline for semi鈥恆utomatic plant name checking. For the four test data sets (Kindt 2020), the success rate of credible name matches ranged from 94.7% to 99.9%. Package <b>RcmdrPlugin.WorldFlora</b> provides a graphical user interface for WorldFlora as <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342657019_WORLDFLORA_User_Guide_for_Graphical_User_Interface">documented in this manual</a>. </p><p> Available at <a href="https://cran.r-project.org/package=WorldFlora">https://cran.r-project.org/package=WorldFlora</a> ; <a href="https://cran.r-project.org/package=RcmdrPlugin.WorldFlora">https://cran.r-project.org/package=RcmdrPlugin.WorldFlora</a></p><p> Kindt, R. 2020. WorldFlora: An R package for exact and fuzzy matching of plant names against the World Flora Online taxonomic backbone data. <i>Applications in Plant Sciences</i> 8( 9): e11388.<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/aps3.11388">https://doi.org/10.1002/aps3.11388</a>[Open Access] </p></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><footer class="navbar navbar-inverse main"><div class="partner-logos"><div class="logo-item wfo-logo-mono-rev"><img src="/css/images/svgs/wfo_logo_mono_rev.svg"/></div><div class="logo-item gspc-logo-rev"><img src="/css/images/svgs/GSPC_rev.svg"/></div><div class="logo-item cobd-logo-rev"><img src="/css/images/svgs/COBD_rev.svg"/></div><div class="logo-item undob-logo-rev"><img src="/css/images/svgs/UNDoB_mono.svg"/></div></div><nav class="footer-nav"><div class="social"><a style="display:none" target="_blank" href="https://www.instagram.com/worldfloraonline/"><img src="/css/images/svgs/instagram_rev.svg"/></a><a target="_blank" href="https://twitter.com/TheWorldFlora"><img src="/css/images/svgs/twitter_rev.svg"/></a><a target="_blank" href="https://www.facebook.com/WorldFloraOnline"><img src="/css/images/svgs/facebook_rev.svg"/></a></div><div class="footer-nav-items"><ul class="footer-items"><li class=""><a href="mailto:contact@worldfloraonline.org" class="nav-item">Contact WFO</a></li><li><a href="/visualise;jsessionid=FBA3F489EEC382F88E92AC6E8EEBBA49">Visualise Data</a></li><li><a href="/organisation;jsessionid=FBA3F489EEC382F88E92AC6E8EEBBA49">Data Providers</a></li><li><a href="/resource;jsessionid=FBA3F489EEC382F88E92AC6E8EEBBA49">Resources</a></li><li><a href="/comment;jsessionid=FBA3F489EEC382F88E92AC6E8EEBBA49">Comments</a></li><li><a href="/termsOfUse;jsessionid=FBA3F489EEC382F88E92AC6E8EEBBA49">Terms of Use</a></li></ul></div></nav><div class="copyright-and-credits"><p class="copyright"> Unless otherwise noted, text and images are licenced: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC BY 4.0</a></p><p class="how-to-cite"> How to cite: 'WFO (2024): World Flora Online. 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