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Novara - Wikipedia

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<span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Architecture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Historic_centre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historic_centre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Historic centre</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historic_centre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Outside_the_Baluardi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Outside_the_Baluardi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Outside the <i>Baluardi</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Outside_the_Baluardi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religious_buildings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious_buildings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Religious buildings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religious_buildings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Festivals_and_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Festivals_and_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Festivals and events</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Festivals_and_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Railways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Railways</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Motorways_and_main_roads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Motorways_and_main_roads"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Motorways and main roads</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Motorways_and_main_roads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Government subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Administrative_subdivisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_subdivisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Administrative subdivisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_subdivisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-People" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#People"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>People</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-People-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>International relations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle International relations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Twin towns – sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Novara</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 93 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-93" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">93 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9" title="نفارة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نفارة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novara" title="Novara – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Novara" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novara" title="Novara – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Novara" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novara" title="Novara – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Novara" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nov%C3%A1ra" title="Novára – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Novára" data-language-autonym="Avañe&#039;ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novara" title="Novara – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Novara" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="نووارا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="نووارا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novara" title="Novara – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Novara" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4)" title="Навара (горад) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Навара (горад)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Новара – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Новара" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novara" title="Novara – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Novara" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novara" title="Novara – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Novara" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novara_(munisipyo)" title="Novara (munisipyo) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Novara (munisipyo)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novara" title="Novara – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Novara" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuvara" title="Nuvara – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Nuvara" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novara" title="Novara – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Novara" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novara" title="Novara – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Novara" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novara" title="Novara – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Novara" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novara" title="Novara – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Novara" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B1" title="Νοβάρα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νοβάρα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novara" title="Novara – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Novara" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novaro" title="Novaro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Novaro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novara" title="Novara – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Novara" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="نووارا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نووارا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novara" title="Novara – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Novara" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novare" title="Novare – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Novare" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novara" title="Novara – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Novara" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novara" title="Novara – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Novara" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EB%B0%94%EB%9D%BC" title="노바라 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="노바라" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1" title="Նովարա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նովարա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novara" title="Novara – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Novara" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novara" title="Novara – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Novara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novara" title="Novara – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Novara" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%C3%A6" title="Новарæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Новарæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novara" title="Novara – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Novara" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novara" title="Novara – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Novara" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%94" title="נוברה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נוברה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novara" title="Novara – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Novara" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="ნოვარა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნოვარა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novara" title="Novara – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Novara" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novara" title="Novara – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Novara" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novara" title="Novara – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Novara" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novaria" title="Novaria – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Novaria" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nov%C4%81ra" title="Novāra – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Novāra" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novara" title="Novara – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Novara" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nov%C3%A6a" title="Novæa – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Novæa" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuara" title="Nuara – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Nuara" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novara_(telep%C3%BCl%C3%A9s)" title="Novara (település) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Novara (település)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="نوفارا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نوفارا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novara" title="Novara – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Novara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novara_(stad)" title="Novara (stad) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Novara (stad)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8E%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A1%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9" title="ノヴァーラ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ノヴァーラ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novara" title="Novara – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Novara" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Новара – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Новара" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novara" title="Novara – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Novara" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novara" title="Novara – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Novara" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novara" title="Novara – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Novara" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="نوارا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="نوارا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novara" title="Novara – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Novara" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noara" title="Noara – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Noara" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novara" title="Novara – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Novara" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novara" title="Novara – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Novara" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novara" title="Novara – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Novara" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novara" title="Novara – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Novara" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Новара – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Новара" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="नोवारा – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="नोवारा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novara" title="Novara – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Novara" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novara" title="Novara – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Novara" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novara" title="Novara – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Novara" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuvara_(Nuvara)" title="Nuvara (Nuvara) – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Nuvara (Nuvara)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novara" title="Novara – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Novara" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novara" title="Novara – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Novara" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novara" title="Novara – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Novara" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novara" title="Novara – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Novara" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Новара – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Новара" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novara" title="Novara – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Novara" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novara" title="Novara – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Novara" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novara" title="Novara – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Novara" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novara" title="Novara – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Novara" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novara" title="Novara – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Novara" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Новара – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Новара" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2" title="โนวารา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โนวารา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novara" title="Novara – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Novara" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Новара – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Новара" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="نووارا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نووارا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novara" title="Novara – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Novara" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novara" title="Novara – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Novara" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novara" title="Novara – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Novara" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novara" title="Novara – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Novara" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E7%93%A6%E6%8B%89" title="诺瓦拉 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="诺瓦拉" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E8%8F%AF%E6%8B%89" title="羅華拉 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="羅華拉" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novara" title="Novara – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Novara" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E7%93%A6%E6%8B%89" title="諾瓦拉 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="諾瓦拉" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6046#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div 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.geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Novara&amp;params=45.45_N_8.62_E_region:IT-NO_type:city"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">45°27′N</span> <span class="longitude">8°37′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">45.45°N 8.62°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">45.45; 8.62</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the city in Italy. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Novara_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Novara (disambiguation)">Novara (disambiguation)</a>.</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Navarre" title="Navarre">Navarre</a>.</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Novara" title="Special:EditPage/Novara">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&amp;q=%22Novara%22">"Novara"</a>&#160;–&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&amp;q=%22Novara%22+-wikipedia&amp;tbs=ar:1">news</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&amp;q=%22Novara%22&amp;tbs=bkt:s&amp;tbm=bks">newspapers</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&amp;q=%22Novara%22+-wikipedia">books</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Novara%22">scholar</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Novara%22&amp;acc=on&amp;wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2014</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Comune in Piedmont, Italy</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Novara</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it"><a href="/wiki/Comune" title="Comune">Comune</a></i></span></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Comune di Novara</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Novara_panorama11.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A panorama of Novara, showing the Basilica of San Gaudenzio, with its campanile and cupola, and Novara Cathedral"><img alt="A panorama of Novara, showing the Basilica of San Gaudenzio, with its campanile and cupola, and Novara Cathedral" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Novara_panorama11.jpg/250px-Novara_panorama11.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Novara_panorama11.jpg/375px-Novara_panorama11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Novara_panorama11.jpg/500px-Novara_panorama11.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="555" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">A panorama of Novara, showing the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_San_Gaudenzio" title="Basilica of San Gaudenzio">Basilica of San Gaudenzio</a>, with its campanile and cupola, and <a href="/wiki/Novara_Cathedral" title="Novara Cathedral">Novara Cathedral</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Novara.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Novara"><img alt="Flag of Novara" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Novara.svg/100px-Flag_of_Novara.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Novara.svg/150px-Flag_of_Novara.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Novara.svg/200px-Flag_of_Novara.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Novara-Stemma.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Novara"><img alt="Coat of arms of Novara" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Novara-Stemma.svg/78px-Novara-Stemma.svg.png" decoding="async" width="78" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Novara-Stemma.svg/117px-Novara-Stemma.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Novara-Stemma.svg/156px-Novara-Stemma.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="656" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; height:5px;">Location of Novara</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <div class="center" style="margin-top:1em"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="10" data-overlays="[&quot;_53b7440ef641b259de5d3e6dceba1c1af7ef4749&quot;]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&amp;domain=en.wikipedia.org&amp;title=Novara&amp;revid=1243715686&amp;groups=_53b7440ef641b259de5d3e6dceba1c1af7ef4749" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&amp;domain=en.wikipedia.org&amp;title=Novara&amp;revid=1243715686&amp;groups=_53b7440ef641b259de5d3e6dceba1c1af7ef4749 2x" alt="Map" /></a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Novara is located in Italy"><img alt="Novara is located in Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg/250px-Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg/375px-Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg/500px-Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1034" data-file-height="1299" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:16.116%;left:18.906%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Novara"><img alt="Novara" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Novara</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location of Novara in Piedmont</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Italy</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Italy_Piemonte_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Novara is located in Piedmont"><img alt="Novara is located in Piedmont" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Italy_Piemonte_location_map.svg/250px-Italy_Piemonte_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Italy_Piemonte_location_map.svg/375px-Italy_Piemonte_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Italy_Piemonte_location_map.svg/500px-Italy_Piemonte_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1453" data-file-height="1932" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:42.572%;left:76.704%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Novara"><img alt="Novara" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Novara</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Novara (Piedmont)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Piedmont</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Novara&amp;params=45.45_N_8.62_E_region:IT-NO_type:city"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">45°27′N</span> <span class="longitude">8°37′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">45.45°N 8.62°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">45.45; 8.62</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy" title="Regions of Italy">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Piedmont" title="Piedmont">Piedmont</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Italy" title="Provinces of Italy">Province</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Novara" title="Province of Novara">Novara</a> (NO)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it"><a href="/wiki/Frazione" title="Frazione">Frazioni</a></i></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><b></b><a href="/wiki/Lumellogno" title="Lumellogno">Lumellogno</a>, Agognate, Bicocca Di Novara, Casalgiate, Olengo, Pernate, Sant'Agabio, Torrion Quartara, Veveri, Vignale, Gionzana, Pagliate</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">&#160;•&#160;Mayor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Canelli" title="Alessandro Canelli">Alessandro Canelli</a> (Right-wing coalition)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-16139ca327c50d72c40d8c5fd3abe706b989650e-v18_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-16139ca327c50d72c40d8c5fd3abe706b989650e-v18-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;">&#160;•&#160;Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">103.05&#160;km<sup>2</sup> (39.79&#160;sq&#160;mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">162&#160;m (531&#160;ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap">&#160;</span>(1 January 2021)<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-6c4193b2686f905553042f4ae1ae4934aea078c8-v18_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-6c4193b2686f905553042f4ae1ae4934aea078c8-v18-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;">&#160;•&#160;Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">101,916</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">&#160;•&#160;Density</th><td class="infobox-data">990/km<sup>2</sup> (2,600/sq&#160;mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Novarese(i)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B1" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+1">UTC+1</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">&#160;•&#160;Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B2" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+2">UTC+2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Postal code</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">28100</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_dialling_codes_in_Italy" title="List of dialling codes in Italy">Dialing&#160;code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0321</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Patron saint</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gaudentius_of_Novara" title="Gaudentius of Novara">Saint Gaudentius</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Saint day</th><td class="infobox-data">22 January</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.comune.novara.it/">Official website</a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Novara</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Italian:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="it-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian" title="Help:IPA/Italian">&#91;noˈvaːra&#93;</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{&quot;_&quot;:&quot;mw.Phonos.PhonosButton&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/f\/ff\/It-Novara.ogg\/It-Novara.ogg.mp3&quot;,&quot;rel&quot;:[&quot;nofollow&quot;],&quot;framed&quot;:false,&quot;icon&quot;:&quot;volumeUp&quot;,&quot;data&quot;:{&quot;ipa&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;lang&quot;:&quot;en&quot;,&quot;wikibase&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;file&quot;:&quot;It-Novara.ogg&quot;},&quot;classes&quot;:[&quot;ext-phonos-PhonosButton&quot;,&quot;noexcerpt&quot;,&quot;ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel&quot;]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/ff/It-Novara.ogg/It-Novara.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:It-Novara.ogg" title="File:It-Novara.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; <small><a href="/wiki/Novarese_Lombard" title="Novarese Lombard">Novarese</a>:</small> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="lmo-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lombard" title="Help:IPA/Lombard">&#91;nuˈ(ʋ)aːra&#93;</a></span>) is the capital city of the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Novara" title="Province of Novara">province of Novara</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Piedmont_(Italy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Piedmont (Italy)">Piedmont</a> region in northwest <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, to the west of <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>. With 101,916 inhabitants (on 1 January 2021), it is the second most populous city in Piedmont after <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a>. It is an important crossroads for commercial traffic along the routes from Milan to Turin and from <a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a> to <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>. Novara lies between the streams <a href="/wiki/Agogna" title="Agogna">Agogna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Terdoppio" title="Terdoppio">Terdoppio</a> in northeastern Piedmont, 50&#160;km (31&#160;mi) from Milan and 95&#160;km (59&#160;mi) from Turin. It is only 15&#160;km (9.3&#160;mi) distant from the river <a href="/wiki/Ticino" title="Ticino">Ticino</a>, which marks the border with <a href="/wiki/Lombardy" title="Lombardy">Lombardy</a> region. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novara&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Novara" title="Timeline of Novara">Timeline of Novara</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Novara_MuraRomane.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Novara_MuraRomane.jpg/220px-Novara_MuraRomane.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Novara_MuraRomane.jpg/330px-Novara_MuraRomane.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Novara_MuraRomane.jpg/440px-Novara_MuraRomane.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Roman walls in Novara.</figcaption></figure> <p>Novara was founded around 89 BC by the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Romans</a>, when the local <a href="/wiki/Gaul" title="Gaul">Gauls</a> obtained Roman citizenship. Its name is formed from <i>Nov</i>, meaning "new", and <i>Aria</i>, the name the <a href="/wiki/Cisalpine_Gaul" title="Cisalpine Gaul">Cisalpine Gauls</a> used for the surrounding region. </p><p>Ancient <i>Novaria</i>, which dates to the time of the <a href="/wiki/Ligures" title="Ligures">Ligures</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Celts" title="Celts">Celts</a>, was a <a href="/wiki/Municipium" title="Municipium">municipium</a> and was situated on the road from Vercellae (<a href="/wiki/Vercelli" title="Vercelli">Vercelli</a>) to (<a href="/wiki/Mediolanum" title="Mediolanum">Mediolanum</a>) Milan. Its position on perpendicular roads (still intact today) dates to the time of the Romans. After the city was destroyed in 386 by <a href="/wiki/Magnus_Maximus" title="Magnus Maximus">Magnus Maximus</a> for having supported his rival <a href="/wiki/Valentinian_II" title="Valentinian II">Valentinian II</a>, it was rebuilt by <a href="/wiki/Theodosius_I" title="Theodosius I">Theodosius I</a>. Subsequently, it was sacked by <a href="/wiki/Radagaisus" title="Radagaisus">Radagaisus</a> (in 405) and <a href="/wiki/Attila" title="Attila">Attila</a> (in 452). </p><p>Under the <a href="/wiki/Lombards" title="Lombards">Lombards</a>, Novara became a <a href="/wiki/Lombard_Duchies" class="mw-redirect" title="Lombard Duchies">duchy</a>; under <a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Fat" title="Charles the Fat">Charles the Fat</a>, a countship. Novara came to enjoy the rights of a <a href="/wiki/Free_Imperial_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Free Imperial City">free imperial city</a>. In 1110, it was conquered by <a href="/wiki/Henry_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry V</a> and destroyed, but in 1167 it joined the <a href="/wiki/Lombard_League" title="Lombard League">Lombard League</a>. At the end of the 12th century, it accepted the protection of <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a> and became practically a dominion of the <a href="/wiki/Visconti_of_Milan" title="Visconti of Milan">Visconti</a> and later of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Sforza" title="House of Sforza">Sforza</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Novara_(1513)" title="Battle of Novara (1513)">Battle of Novara</a> in 1513, Swiss mercenaries defending Novara for the Sforzas of Milan routed the French troops besieging the city. This defeat ended the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Wars" title="Italian Wars">French invasion of Italy</a> in the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_League_of_Cambrai" title="War of the League of Cambrai">War of the League of Cambrai</a>. </p><p>In 1706, Novara, which had long ago been promised by <a href="/wiki/Filippo_Maria_Visconti" title="Filippo Maria Visconti">Filippo Maria Visconti</a> to <a href="/wiki/Amadeus_VIII_of_Savoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Amadeus VIII of Savoy">Amadeus VIII of Savoy</a>, was occupied by Savoyard troops. With the <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Utrecht" title="Peace of Utrecht">Peace of Utrecht</a>, the city, together with Milan, became part of the <a href="/wiki/Habsburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Habsburg">Habsburg Empire</a>. After its occupation in 1734, Novara passed, in the following year, to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Savoy" title="House of Savoy">House of Savoy</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Novara_Piramide.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Novara_Piramide.jpg/220px-Novara_Piramide.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Novara_Piramide.jpg/330px-Novara_Piramide.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Novara_Piramide.jpg/440px-Novara_Piramide.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>The Ossuary of the Bicocca district of Novara, in memory of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Novara" title="Battle of Novara">Battle of Novara</a></figcaption></figure> <p>After <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a>'s campaign in Italy, Novara became the capital of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Department_of_the_Agogna&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Department of the Agogna (page does not exist)">Department of the Agogna</a>, but was then reassigned to the House of Savoy in 1814. In 1821, it was the site of <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Novara_(1821)" title="Battle of Novara (1821)">a battle</a> in which regular <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia" title="Kingdom of Sardinia">Sardinian</a> troops defeated the Piedmontese constitutional liberals. In the even larger <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Novara_(1849)" title="Battle of Novara (1849)">Battle of Novara</a> in 1849, the Sardinian army was defeated by the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Austrian_Army_(1806%E2%80%931867)" title="Imperial Austrian Army (1806–1867)">Austrian army</a> of Field Marshal <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Radetzky_von_Radetz" title="Joseph Radetzky von Radetz">Joseph Radetzky von Radetz</a>. This defeat led to the abdication of <a href="/wiki/Charles_Albert_of_Sardinia" title="Charles Albert of Sardinia">Charles Albert of Sardinia</a> and to the partial occupation of the city by the <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austrians</a>. The defeat of the <a href="/wiki/Sardinia" title="Sardinia">Sardinians</a> can be seen as the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Italian_unification" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian unification">Italian unification</a> movement.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> </p><p>A decree in 1859 created the province of Novara, which then included the present-day provinces of <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Vercelli" title="Province of Vercelli">Vercelli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Biella" title="Province of Biella">Biella</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Verbano-Cusio-Ossola" title="Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola">Verbano-Cusio-Ossola</a>. </p><p>The city of Novara had a population of 25,144 in 1861. Industrialisation during the 20th century brought an increase in the city's population to 102,088 in 1981. The city's population has changed little in subsequent years. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Luigi_Scalfaro" title="Oscar Luigi Scalfaro">Oscar Luigi Scalfaro</a>, former <a href="/wiki/President_of_Italy" title="President of Italy">president of Italy</a> and Italian senator for life, was born in Novara in 1918. </p><p>The city was the set for the 1971 film "<a href="/wiki/The_Working_Class_Goes_to_Heaven" title="The Working Class Goes to Heaven">The Working Class Goes to Heaven</a>" by Elio Petri; the film was presented at <a href="/wiki/Cannes_Film_Festival" title="Cannes Film Festival">Cannes Film Festival</a> and has won multiple awards; its soundtrack was composed by <a href="/wiki/Ennio_Morricone" title="Ennio Morricone">Ennio Morricone</a>, who also appears in a cameo.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novara&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Novara, <a href="/wiki/Cameri" title="Cameri">Cameri</a> (1991–2020, extremes 1960–present) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF8F1F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.7<br />(69.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.9<br />(78.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.6<br />(83.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.2<br />(90.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.7<br />(92.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">37.9<br />(100.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF1600; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.3<br />(100.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF1700; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.1<br />(100.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF1900; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">37.8<br />(100.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.9<br />(87.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF850B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.2<br />(72.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8C1A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.1<br />(70.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF1600; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">38.3<br />(100.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFEFDF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.8<br />(44.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4<br />(48.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.4<br />(57.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA246; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.9<br />(64.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8409; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.3<br />(72.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.7<br />(80.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.1<br />(84.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.7<br />(83.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.1<br />(75.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA246; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.9<br />(64.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.6<br />(52.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFECD9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2<br />(45.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">18.0<br />(64.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.2<br />(36.0) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.9<br />(39.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4C9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4<br />(47.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC994; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.2<br />(54.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA55; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.8<br />(62.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8C1A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.1<br />(70.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.2<br />(73.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8001; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.9<br />(73.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.4<br />(65.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC388; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.1<br />(55.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.4<br />(45.3) </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.8<br />(37.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC68D; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">12.7<br />(54.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #DCDCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.9<br />(28.6) </td> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.2<br />(29.8) </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.5<br />(36.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFF1E3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.5<br />(43.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2<br />(52.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB46A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.3<br />(59.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.3<br />(63.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.3<br />(63.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC388; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.1<br />(55.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6<br />(47.5) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.4<br />(38.1) </td> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.1<br />(30.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFE9D4; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">7.6<br />(45.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #7E7EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−19.4<br />(−2.9) </td> <td style="background: #9494FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−15.2<br />(4.6) </td> <td style="background: #AAAAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−11.1<br />(12.0) </td> <td style="background: #CBCBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.0<br />(23.0) </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.8<br />(28.8) </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.2<br />(37.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFF0E2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.6<br />(43.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.5<br />(40.1) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.6<br />(34.9) </td> <td style="background: #BDBDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.6<br />(18.3) </td> <td style="background: #B0B0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−10.0<br />(14.0) </td> <td style="background: #9C9CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−13.8<br />(7.2) </td> <td style="background: #7E7EFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−19.4<br />(−2.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #C1FFC1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41.10<br />(1.62) </td> <td style="background: #B4FFB4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45.76<br />(1.80) </td> <td style="background: #B9FFB9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46.87<br />(1.85) </td> <td style="background: #90FF90; color:#000000;" class="notheme">72.01<br />(2.84) </td> <td style="background: #74FF74; color:#000000;" class="notheme">93.25<br />(3.67) </td> <td style="background: #A2FFA2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.79<br />(2.35) </td> <td style="background: #BDFFBD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43.73<br />(1.72) </td> <td style="background: #9FFF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64.13<br />(2.52) </td> <td style="background: #82FF82; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80.75<br />(3.18) </td> <td style="background: #7DFF7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87.08<br />(3.43) </td> <td style="background: #52FF52; color:#000000;" class="notheme">112.24<br />(4.42) </td> <td style="background: #B4FFB4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49.88<br />(1.96) </td> <td style="background: #9AFF9A; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">796.59<br />(31.36) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #CECEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.93 </td> <td style="background: #CECEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.57 </td> <td style="background: #CECEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.97 </td> <td style="background: #A5A5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.00 </td> <td style="background: #9E9EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.83 </td> <td style="background: #B7B7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.62 </td> <td style="background: #C7C7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.48 </td> <td style="background: #BDBDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.28 </td> <td style="background: #B6B6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.66 </td> <td style="background: #ABABFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.79 </td> <td style="background: #A1A1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.36 </td> <td style="background: #C4C4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.78 </td> <td style="background: #B9B9FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">66.27 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000D3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78.16 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72.08 </td> <td style="background: #0000FA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">67.77 </td> <td style="background: #0000F9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">68.09 </td> <td style="background: #0000F4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69.44 </td> <td style="background: #0000F5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69.04 </td> <td style="background: #0000F9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">68.03 </td> <td style="background: #0000F3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69.66 </td> <td style="background: #0000ED; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71.17 </td> <td style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77.04 </td> <td style="background: #0000C9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80.53 </td> <td style="background: #0000CC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79.76 </td> <td style="background: #0000E8; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">72.56 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">NOAA</a><sup id="cite_ref-WMONormals_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WMONormals-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: Servizio Meteorologico<sup id="cite_ref-SM_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SM-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SMsun_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SMsun-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-extremes_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-extremes-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architecture">Architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novara&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Novara_panoramica08.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Novara_panoramica08.jpg/220px-Novara_panoramica08.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Novara_panoramica08.jpg/330px-Novara_panoramica08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Novara_panoramica08.jpg/440px-Novara_panoramica08.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>View of Novara</figcaption></figure> <p>Novara's sights can be divided into two groupings. The city's most important sights lie within its historic centre, the area once enclosed by the city walls. However, several important sights also lie outside the line of the former city walls. </p><p>Novara has numerous churches and historic buildings; some of these have been restored over the years. The most significant architectural element is the majestic dome, 121 metres high, designed by the architect-engineer <a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Antonelli" title="Alessandro Antonelli">Alessandro Antonelli</a>. Now known as the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_San_Gaudenzio" title="Basilica of San Gaudenzio">Basilica of San Gaudenzio</a>, it was built in 1888. It has now become a symbol of the city and a distinctive sign of its panorama, observable from all the roads that lead to the city. The bell tower is also of particular interest; it was designed by <a href="/wiki/Benedetto_Alfieri" title="Benedetto Alfieri">Benedetto Alfieri</a>, uncle of the more famous <a href="/wiki/Vittorio_Alfieri" title="Vittorio Alfieri">Vittorio Alfieri</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historic_centre">Historic centre</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novara&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Historic centre"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="position: relative; top: 0px; right: 0px; width: 400px;"><div class="center" style="font-weight:bold">Main sights of Novara</div><div class="thumbinner noresize" style="position: relative; top: 0px; right: 0px; outline:0px; border:0px; padding:0px; height: 350px; width: 400px;"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container floatright" style="width: 400px; height: 350px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="400" data-height="350" data-zoom="15" data-lat="45.4454" data-lon="8.622" href="/wiki/Special:Map/15/45.4454/8.622/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,15,45.4454,8.622,400x350.png?lang=en" width="400" height="350" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,15,45.4454,8.622,400x350@2x.png?lang=en 2x" alt="Map" /></a><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: blue; top: -25px; left: 0px; width: 400px; height: 400px; transform: rotate(0deg); border-radius: 0px; background-color: #FFFFFF00; color:inherit;"></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 168px; left: -2px; transform: translateX(-100%) rotate(0deg); text-align: right; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 12px; font-weight:normal;"> </span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: 332px; left: 387px; width: 12px; height: 12px; background-color: transparent;color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright" title="About OpenStreetMaps" rel="nofollow"><img alt="About OpenStreetMaps" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/12px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/18px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/24px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; top: 332px; left: 290px; width: 12px; height: 12px; background-color: transparent;color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Maps_Terms_of_Use" title="Maps: terms of use"><img alt="Maps: terms of use" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/12px-Invisible_Square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/18px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Invisible_Square.svg/24px-Invisible_Square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: blue; top: 306px; left: 338.5px; background-color:transparent; color:inherit; transform: rotate(0deg);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Mapscaleline.svg/52px-Mapscaleline.svg.png" decoding="async" width="52" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Mapscaleline.svg/78px-Mapscaleline.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Mapscaleline.svg/104px-Mapscaleline.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="138" data-file-height="18" /></span></span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 305.875px; left: 384px; transform: translateX(-100%) rotate(0deg); text-align: right; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><span style="color: grey; font-size: 9px; font-weight:normal;"> 200m<br />220yds</span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #777755FF; top: 159.99871627934px; left: 101.78659644822px; background-color:transparent; color:inherit; transform: rotate(0deg);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Black_pog.svg/16px-Black_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Black_pog.svg/24px-Black_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Black_pog.svg/32px-Black_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 164.99871627934px; left: 97.28659644822px; transform: translateX(-100%) rotate(0deg); text-align: right; background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><span style="color: #AA1205; font-size: 12px; font-weight:normal;"> <a href="/wiki/Teatro_Coccia" title="Teatro Coccia">Teatro Coccia</a></span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #777755FF; top: 126.98427932053px; left: 140.85837806339px; background-color:transparent; color:inherit; transform: rotate(0deg);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Black_pog.svg/16px-Black_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Black_pog.svg/24px-Black_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Black_pog.svg/32px-Black_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 128.98427932053px; left: 147.35837806339px; width: fit-content; height: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) translateY(-100%) rotate(0deg); background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><span style="color: #AA1205; font-size: 12px; font-weight:normal;"> Broletto</span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #777755FF; top: 196.01380490538px; left: 80.963910437698px; background-color:transparent; color:inherit; transform: rotate(0deg);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Brown_pog.svg/16px-Brown_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Brown_pog.svg/24px-Brown_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Brown_pog.svg/32px-Brown_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 216.01380490538px; left: 87.463910437698px; width: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) rotate(0deg); background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><span style="color: #AA1205; font-size: 12px; font-weight:normal;"> Castle</span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #777755FF; top: 155.3300431967px; left: 281.23603656111px; background-color:transparent; color:inherit; transform: rotate(0deg);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Pink_pog.svg/16px-Pink_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Pink_pog.svg/24px-Pink_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Pink_pog.svg/32px-Pink_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 157.3300431967px; left: 287.73603656111px; width: fit-content; height: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) translateY(-100%) rotate(0deg); background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><span style="color: #AA1205; font-size: 12px; font-weight:normal;"> Church of<br />Sant'Eufemia</span></div> <div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #777755FF; top: 154.99656610502px; left: 142.02819188419px; background-color:transparent; color:inherit; transform: rotate(0deg);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Pink_pog.svg/16px-Pink_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Pink_pog.svg/24px-Pink_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Pink_pog.svg/32px-Pink_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 159.99656610502px; left: 159.52819188419px; text-align: left; transform: rotate(0deg) background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><span style="color: #AA1205; font-size: 12px; font-weight:normal;"> Cathedral</span></div> <div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; outline-width: 0px; outline-style: solid; outline-color: #777755FF; top: 50.281835468504px; left: 131.96779302522px; background-color:transparent; color:inherit; transform: rotate(0deg);"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Pink_pog.svg/16px-Pink_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Pink_pog.svg/24px-Pink_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Pink_pog.svg/32px-Pink_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute; line-height: 0.98; white-space: nowrap; top: 52.281835468504px; left: 138.46779302522px; width: fit-content; height: fit-content; text-align: center; transform: translateX(-50%) translateY(-100%) rotate(0deg); background-color: transparent; color:inherit;"><span style="color: #AA1205; font-size: 12px; font-weight:normal;"> Basilica of San Gaudenzio</span></div><div style="display:inline-block; position: absolute;top: 9px;left: 364px"><div style="color: white; opacity:100; font-size: 19px; font-weight:normal; text-align: left;"><a class="mw-kartographer-maplink no-icon" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="/wiki/Special:Map/16/45.4454/8.622/en" data-zoom="16" data-lat="45.4454" data-lon="8.622" data-overlays="[&quot;_324a5fe29d1dd64f8d849dc4cee1f436e04cb4e0&quot;]"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Click for interactive fullscreen map with links to nearby articles">  </span></a></div></div></div></div></div> <p>The old urban core makes up the "Historic centre", situated in the district of the same name. Novara once had an encircling wall, which was demolished to permit urban development. Of the old wall, there remains only the <i>Barriera Albertina</i>, a complex of two neo-classical buildings that constituted the gate of entry to the city, the required passageway for those who travelled from Turin to Milan. After their removal, the walls were replaced by the present-day <i>baluardi</i>, the broad, tree-lined boulevards that surround the Historic Centre. </p><p>The centre of the religious life of the city is the <a href="/wiki/Novara_Cathedral" title="Novara Cathedral">Novara Cathedral</a>, in the neo-classical style, also designed by Alessandro Antonelli. It rises exactly where the temple of <a href="/wiki/Jupiter_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jupiter (mythology)">Jupiter</a> stood in the time of the Romans. Facing the Duomo is the oldest building in Novara today: the early Christian <i>Battistero</i> (Baptistry). </p><p>Close to the Duomo is the courtyard of the <i><a href="/wiki/Broletto" title="Broletto">Broletto</a></i> (the historic meeting place of the city council), the centre of the political life of the imperial free city of Novara. Overlooking the courtyard of the Broletto are the <i>Palazzo del Podestà</i> ("Palace of the <a href="/wiki/Podest%C3%A0" title="Podestà">Podestà</a>"), <i>Palazzetto dei Paratici</i> ("Little Palace of the Paratici Family"), site of the Civic Museum and of the Gallery of Modern Art, the Palace of the City Council, and a building of the 15th century. </p><p>Not far from the Piazza della Repubblica (formerly Piazza Duomo) is the Piazza Cesare Battisti (known to Novaresi as the <i>Piazza delle Erbe</i>, "Herbs square"), which constitutes the exact centre of the city of Novara. </p><p>In Piazza Giacomo Matteotti stands the <i>Palazzo Natta-Isola</i>, seat of the province and of the prefecture of Novara. The landmark feature of this palace is its clock tower. Extending from this square is the via Fratelli Rosselli, along which is the <i>Palazzo Cabrino</i>, the official seat of the administrative offices of the city. As it was a Roman city, the street network of Novara is characterized by a <a href="/wiki/Cardo" title="Cardo">cardo</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Decumanus_Maximus" class="mw-redirect" title="Decumanus Maximus">Decumanus Maximus</a>, which correspond respectively to the present-day Corso Cavour and Corso Italia. The two streets cross at the so-called "Angolo delle Ore" (Corner of the Hours). </p><p>The city conservatory, <a href="/wiki/Conservatorio_Guido_Cantelli" title="Conservatorio Guido Cantelli">Conservatorio Guido Cantelli</a>, named after Novara's <a href="/wiki/Guido_Cantelli" title="Guido Cantelli">Guido Cantelli</a>, is located in via Collegio Gallarini, 1 (facing largo Luigi Sante Colonna in the area between piazza Puccini and Novara's hospital).<sup id="cite_ref-stampa33_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stampa33-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The conservatory, founded in 1996, was established in a building built in the 1700s, once known as the <i>casone</i>. In 1766, the building, after a donation from the Gallarini family, started to be used as a college. Between 1854 and 1905, several artistic features, such as coloured tiles and terracotta decorations on the facade were added.<sup id="cite_ref-turismo_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-turismo-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The largest square is Piazza Martiri della Libertà (formerly Piazza Castello) dominated by the equestrian statue of <a href="/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_II_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor Emmanuel II of Italy">Victor Emmanuel II</a>, the first king of Italy. Overlooking the Piazza Martiri is the <i>Castello Visconteo-Sforzesco</i>, built by the <a href="/wiki/Dukes_of_Milan" class="mw-redirect" title="Dukes of Milan">Milanese dukes</a> <a href="/wiki/Visconti_of_Milan" title="Visconti of Milan">Visconti</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sforza" class="mw-redirect" title="Sforza">Sforza</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Teatro_Coccia" title="Teatro Coccia">Teatro Coccia</a>. The Castello Visconteo-Sforzesco, once much larger than the complex that remains today, is surrounded by the <i>Allea</i>, one of the largest public gardens in Novara. </p><p>Other important squares are: </p> <ul><li>Largo Cavour, dominated by the statue of <a href="/wiki/Camillo_Benso,_Count_of_Cavour" title="Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour">Cavour</a>, recently restored.</li> <li>Piazza Garibaldi, the square facing the Novara Railway Station, also recently restored and featuring the statue of the hero of two worlds and a fountain with the statue of a <a href="/wiki/Mondina" title="Mondina">mondina</a>.</li> <li>Piazza Gramsci, formerly Piazza del Rosario, location, after the restoration of 2005, of the landmark statue of Icarus.</li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Novara_san_gaudenzio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The cupola of the Basilica of San Gaudenzio, symbol of Novara, is 121&#160;m (397&#160;ft) high."><img alt="The cupola of the Basilica of San Gaudenzio, symbol of Novara, is 121&#160;m (397&#160;ft) high." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Novara_san_gaudenzio.jpg/90px-Novara_san_gaudenzio.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Novara_san_gaudenzio.jpg/135px-Novara_san_gaudenzio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Novara_san_gaudenzio.jpg/180px-Novara_san_gaudenzio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The cupola of the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_San_Gaudenzio" title="Basilica of San Gaudenzio">Basilica of San Gaudenzio</a>, symbol of Novara, is 121&#160;m (397&#160;ft) high.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Novara_Duomo2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Novara Cathedral"><img alt="Novara Cathedral" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Novara_Duomo2.jpg/120px-Novara_Duomo2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Novara_Duomo2.jpg/180px-Novara_Duomo2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Novara_Duomo2.jpg/240px-Novara_Duomo2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Novara Cathedral</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Novara_Broletto.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Broletto"><img alt="The Broletto" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Novara_Broletto.jpg/120px-Novara_Broletto.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Novara_Broletto.jpg/180px-Novara_Broletto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Novara_Broletto.jpg/240px-Novara_Broletto.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Broletto</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Outside_the_Baluardi">Outside the <i>Baluardi</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novara&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Outside the Baluardi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Novara_SanNazzaroCosta.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Novara_SanNazzaroCosta.jpg/220px-Novara_SanNazzaroCosta.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Novara_SanNazzaroCosta.jpg/330px-Novara_SanNazzaroCosta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Novara_SanNazzaroCosta.jpg/440px-Novara_SanNazzaroCosta.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Church of San Nazzaro della Costa</figcaption></figure> <p>Places of interest situated outside the belt of the <i>baluardi</i> include the Church of San Nazzaro della Costa, with its attached abbey, restored in the 15th century by <a href="/wiki/Bernardino_of_Siena" title="Bernardino of Siena">Bernardino of Siena</a>, and the Ossuary of Bicocca, in pyramidal form, which stands in the neighbourhood of Bicocca, in memory of the fallen soldiers of the historic battle of 23 March 1849, between the Piedmontese (Sardinia) and Austrians. Worthy of note are the <a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_delle_Grazie_(Milan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Maria delle Grazie (Milan)">Church of Santa Maria delle Grazie</a> (Saints Martino and Gaudenzio), built beginning in 1477 by the Augustinians, whose interior consists of a single nave with lateral chapels and paintings attributed to artists of the 15th century, among them Daniele de Bosis. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religious_buildings">Religious buildings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novara&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Religious buildings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Chiesa di Ognissanti (12th century)</li> <li>Santa Maria delle Grazie, also known as San Martino (15th century)</li> <li>San Pietro al Rosario (1599-1618)</li> <li>San Marco (17th century)</li> <li>Oratory of San Giovanni Decollato (17th century)</li> <li>Santa Maria della Salute (17th century)</li> <li>Sant'Eufemia (17th century)</li> <li>Chiesa del Carmine (18th to 19th centuries)</li> <li>Nuova Chiesa di San Rocco (21st century)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Festivals_and_events">Festivals and events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novara&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Festivals and events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>22 January: Novara celebrates annually the Feast of San Gaudenzio (Saint Gaudentius of Novara), the patron saint of Novara. Throughout the day, it is possible to visit the tomb of the saint and to obtain the typical roasted chestnuts, also known as <i>marroni di Cuneo</i> (" Cuneo chestnuts").</li> <li>23 March: Re-enactment of the 1849 Battle of Novara, with period uniforms and weapons.</li> <li>On 25 April, Liberation Day, as in many other Italian cities, the Novaresi organise numerous initiatives to commemorate the <a href="/wiki/Italian_resistance_movement" title="Italian resistance movement">Italian resistance movement</a>, and in particular, the <a href="/wiki/Partisan_(military)" title="Partisan (military)">partisans</a> who fought around Novara and in the "Partisan Republic of the Ossola".</li> <li>Since 2001, <i>Giovani Espressioni</i> ("Young Expressions") has been held in Novara. This is a music festival for emerging young musicians, organised by Staff Millennium, a performance agency, of which Alessandro Marchetti is the artistic director. The "Espressioni Contest" is of special importance as a showcase for emerging bands that picks a winner every year. Among the noted artists who have participated are Negramaro, Caparezza, Finley, Vallanzaska, Extrema, and Blaze Bailey.</li> <li>Since 2005, Novara hosts the "Novara Gospel Festival", which is composed of workshops, local tours, and obviously gospel concerts in the main theatre of the city. It is probably one of the most important festivals of this music in Italy, also because the main event is a concert of the most appreciated gospel singers, such as Kirk Franklin, Donnie Mc Clurkin, etc.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novara&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table cellpadding="1" border="0" style="float:left; margin:0 1em 1em 0; border:1px #bbb solid; border-collapse:collapse; font-size:90%;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center; background:#edd5a3;"> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Istituto_Nazionale_di_Statistica" class="mw-redirect" title="Istituto Nazionale di Statistica">ISTAT</a> 2007<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;background-color:#ffebad;"> <td></td> <td>Novara</td> <td>Italy </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>Median age</td> <td>44 years</td> <td>42 years </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>Under 18 years old</td> <td>16.4%</td> <td>18.1% </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>Over 65 years old</td> <td>21.6%</td> <td>20.0% </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>Foreign Population</td> <td>7.7%</td> <td>5.8% </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>Births/1,000 people</td> <td>9.15 b</td> <td>9.45 b </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In 2007, there were 102,862 people residing in Novara, of whom 49% were male and 51% were female. Minors (children ages 18 and younger) totalled 16.35% of the population compared to pensioners who number 21.6%. This compares with the Italian average of 18.06% (minors) and 19.94% (pensioners). The average age of Novara residents is 44 compared to the Italian average of 42. In the five years between 2002 and 2007, the population of Novara grew by 1.64%, while <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> as a whole grew by 3.85%.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The birth rate in Novara is 9.15 births per 1,000 inhabitants compared to the Italian average of 9.45 births. </p><p>In 2006, 92.37% of the population was <a href="/wiki/Italian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian people">Italian</a>. The largest immigrant group comes from other <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">European</a> nations: 2.94%, <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a>: 2.23%, and <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a>: 0.71%.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Like most of Italy, Novara is predominantly <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novara&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Novara_risaie.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Novara_risaie.jpg/220px-Novara_risaie.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Novara_risaie.jpg/330px-Novara_risaie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Novara_risaie.jpg/440px-Novara_risaie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Rice fields around the city</figcaption></figure> <p>Novara is a logistics and commercial centre in the northwestern part of the <a href="/wiki/Padan_plain" class="mw-redirect" title="Padan plain">Padan plain</a> and is the seat of the Centro Intermodale Merci (CIM: Goods Intermodal Centre). Economically, it is affected by the proximity of Milan, and in fact, many Milanese firms have offices in Novara. </p><p>The main economic products and services are: </p> <ul><li>agriculture: rice and maize (American English: corn)</li> <li>food products</li> <li>metallurgical production</li> <li>chemicals and petrochemicals</li> <li>pharmaceuticals</li> <li>intermodal commerce and logistics</li> <li>rice products exchange</li> <li>banking and insurance services</li></ul> <p>Novara is home of the publishing company <a href="/wiki/De_Agostini" title="De Agostini">De Agostini</a>, which has been active in geographic and other publishing since <a href="/wiki/1901" title="1901">1901</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novara&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The local public transport agency is the SUN. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Novara_vista_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Novara_vista_cropped.jpg/220px-Novara_vista_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Novara_vista_cropped.jpg/330px-Novara_vista_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Novara_vista_cropped.jpg/440px-Novara_vista_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1083" data-file-height="1444" /></a><figcaption>Novara seen from the S11 trunk road</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Railways">Railways</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novara&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section: Railways"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city is served by three railway stations: </p> <ul><li>Vignale FS, a small station operated by the <a href="/wiki/Ferrovie_dello_Stato" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrovie dello Stato">Ferrovie dello Stato</a> (regional trains)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novara_railway_station" title="Novara railway station">Novara FS</a>, the principal station of the Ferrovie dello Stato, Italy's national railway (regional, national and international trains).</li> <li>Novara Nord, the station operated by the <a href="/wiki/LeNord" class="mw-redirect" title="LeNord">LeNord</a> railroad. The new station in via Leonardo da Vinci opened in 2005 (regional and high-speed trains (only 2006) trains).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Motorways_and_main_roads">Motorways and main roads</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novara&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Edit section: Motorways and main roads"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Novara is linked to Turin and Milan by the <a href="/wiki/A4_(Italy)" class="mw-redirect" title="A4 (Italy)">A4</a> motorway (via the junctions Novara Ovest and Novara Est). The <a href="/wiki/Autostrada_A26_(Italy)" title="Autostrada A26 (Italy)">A26</a> motorway crosses most of Novara province, but there is not a junction that links it directly with Novara. To reach Novara from the A26, one must exit at Vercelli Est, but one can also reach Novara by way of the A4, which crosses the A26 at a junction. Novara is served by a system of dual-carriageway bypasses. The oldest such bypass is the Tangenziale Est, directly linked with the motorway junction Novara Est. In 2003, road works were completed on the Tangenziale Sud. </p><p>The S11 trunk road from Milan and <a href="/wiki/Magenta,_Lombardy" title="Magenta, Lombardy">Magenta</a> passes through Novara on its way to <a href="/wiki/Vercelli" title="Vercelli">Vercelli</a> and Turin. Trunk roads to the north and south also link Novara to the motorway network. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novara&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Novara_FC" title="Novara FC">Novara FC</a> is an association football club based in Novara. There is a professional women's <a href="/wiki/Italian_Women%27s_Volleyball_League" title="Italian Women&#39;s Volleyball League">Serie A1</a> volleyball team, <a href="/wiki/AGIL_Volley" title="AGIL Volley">Igor Novara Volley</a>. There was an important baseball team and a very important Hockey team.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novara&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Novara" title="List of mayors of Novara">List of mayors of Novara</a></div> <p>The current mayor of Novara is <a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Canelli" title="Alessandro Canelli">Alessandro Canelli</a>, elected in June 2016 and confirmed in October 2021, representing a coalition between traditional right-wing parties such as <a href="/wiki/Forza_Italia_(2013)" title="Forza Italia (2013)">Forza Italia</a> and the new far-right composed by <a href="/wiki/Lega_(political_party)" title="Lega (political party)">Lega (political party)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brothers_of_Italy" title="Brothers of Italy">Brothers of Italy</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_subdivisions">Administrative subdivisions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novara&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Edit section: Administrative subdivisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Novara is divided into thirteen wards (<i><a href="/wiki/Circoscrizioni" class="mw-redirect" title="Circoscrizioni">circoscrizioni</a></i>); several of these are formed of a number of quarters (<i><a href="/wiki/Quartieri" class="mw-redirect" title="Quartieri">quartieri</a></i>), zones, and/or <i><a href="/wiki/Frazioni" class="mw-redirect" title="Frazioni">frazioni</a></i>. </p><p>According to changes in local electoral laws, from June 2011 elections, they were stripped of their elective bodies (council and president), thus remaining as a simple internal partition of the <a href="/wiki/Comune" title="Comune">Comune</a>. </p> <ul><li>Centro (Historic Centre)</li> <li>Nord est (North East) <ul><li>Sant’Andrea (<i>quartiere</i>)</li> <li>San Rocco (<i>quartiere</i>)</li></ul></li> <li>Nord (North) <ul><li>Sant’Antonio (<i>quartiere</i>)</li> <li>Vignale (<i>frazione</i>)</li> <li>Veveri (<i>frazione</i>)</li></ul></li> <li>Sant’Agabio</li> <li>Porta Mortara</li> <li>Sacro Cuore</li> <li>San Martino</li> <li>Santa Rita</li> <li>Ovest (West) <ul><li>San Paolo (<i>quartiere</i>)</li> <li>Zona Agogna (zone)</li></ul></li> <li>Sud (South) <ul><li>Cittadella (<i>quartiere</i>)</li> <li>Rizzotaglia (<i>quartiere</i>)</li> <li>Villagio Dalmazia (<i>quartiere</i>)</li> <li>Torrion Quartara (<i>frazione</i>)</li></ul></li> <li>Sud est (South East) <ul><li>Bicocca (<i>quartiere</i>)</li> <li>Olengo (<i>frazione</i>)</li></ul></li> <li>Lumellogno <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lumellogno" title="Lumellogno">Lumellogno</a> (<i>frazione</i>)</li> <li>Casalgiate (<i>frazione</i>)</li> <li>Pagliate (<i>frazione</i>)</li> <li>Gionzana (<i>frazione</i>)</li></ul></li> <li>Pernate</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="People">People</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novara&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="Edit section: People"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Novara" title="Category:People from Novara">Category:People from Novara</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Antonelli" title="Alessandro Antonelli">Alessandro Antonelli</a> (1798–1888), architect</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gianni_Bettini" title="Gianni Bettini">Gianni Bettini</a> (1860–1938), inventor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Emanuele_Buscaglia" title="Carlo Emanuele Buscaglia">Carlo Emanuele Buscaglia</a> (1915–1944), aviator</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaspare_Campari" title="Gaspare Campari">Gaspare Campari</a> (1828–1882), inventor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felice_Casorati" title="Felice Casorati">Felice Casorati</a> (1883–1963), painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Antonietta_Torriani" title="Maria Antonietta Torriani">Marchesa Colombi</a> (1840–1920), writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enzo_Emanuele" title="Enzo Emanuele">Enzo Emanuele</a> (born 1977), medical researcher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaudenzio_Ferrari" title="Gaudenzio Ferrari">Gaudenzio Ferrari</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;">&#8201;1471–1546</span>), painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domenico_Fioravanti" title="Domenico Fioravanti">Domenico Fioravanti</a> (born 1977), swimmer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vittorio_Gregotti" title="Vittorio Gregotti">Vittorio Gregotti</a> (1927–2020), architect</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_Leonarda" title="Isabella Leonarda">Isabella Leonarda</a> (1620–1704), composer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matias_Masucci" title="Matias Masucci">Matias Masucci</a>, actor and director</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Miltone" title="Mario Miltone">Mario Miltone</a> (born 1906), football player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Passarin" title="Roberto Passarin">Roberto Passarin</a> (1934–1982), football player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvio_Piola" title="Silvio Piola">Silvio Piola</a> (1913–1996), football player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riccardo_Rattazzi" title="Riccardo Rattazzi">Riccardo Rattazzi</a> (born 1964), physicist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Ravizza" title="Giuseppe Ravizza">Giuseppe Ravizza</a> (1811–1885), inventor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Luigi_Scalfaro" title="Oscar Luigi Scalfaro">Oscar Luigi Scalfaro</a> (1918–2012), former President of the Italian Republic</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Tacchini" title="Sergio Tacchini">Sergio Tacchini</a> (born 1938), tennis player and fashion designer of sportswear</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommaso_Tommasina" title="Tommaso Tommasina">Tommaso Tommasina</a> (1855–1935), painter</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_relations">International relations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novara&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="Edit section: International relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.93_sister_cities"></span>Twin towns – sister cities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novara&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18" title="Edit section: Twin towns – sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Italy" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Italy">List of twin towns and sister cities in Italy</a></div> <p>Novara is <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">twinned</a> with:<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Chalon-sur-Sa%C3%B4ne" title="Chalon-sur-Saône">Chalon-sur-Saône</a>, France, since 1970</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bicocca" title="Battle of Bicocca">Battle of Bicocca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novara_Calcio" class="mw-redirect" title="Novara Calcio">Novara Calcio football club</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novara&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-16139ca327c50d72c40d8c5fd3abe706b989650e-v18-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-16139ca327c50d72c40d8c5fd3abe706b989650e-v18_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output 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.id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a 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Demo.istat.it. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090426215446/http://demo.istat.it/bil2007/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2009-04-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-09-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Statistiche+demografiche+ISTAT&amp;rft.pub=Demo.istat.it&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdemo.istat.it%2Fbil2007%2Findex.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://demo.istat.it/str2006/index.html">"Statistiche demografiche ISTAT"</a>. <i>demo.istat.it</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130814010947/http://demo.istat.it/str2006/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-08-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-07-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=demo.istat.it&amp;rft.atitle=Statistiche+demografiche+ISTAT&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdemo.istat.it%2Fstr2006%2Findex.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.panathlon-novara.it/50/114.pdf">"L'Hockey Novara nato nel 1924 è già entrato nella leggendaè già entrato nella leggenda"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210831190304/http://www.panathlon-novara.it/50/114.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2021-08-31<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-11-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=L%27Hockey+Novara+nato+nel+1924+%C3%A8+gi%C3%A0+entrato+nella+leggenda%C3%A8+gi%C3%A0+entrato+nella+leggenda&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.panathlon-novara.it%2F50%2F114.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gemellagginovaresi.it/ITAChiSiamo.html">"Chi siamo"</a>. <i>gemellagginovaresi.it</i> (in Italian). Associazione per i Gemellaggi Novaresi e per l'Amicizia Internazionale. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191215205850/http://www.gemellagginovaresi.it/ITAChiSiamo.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-12-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-12-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=gemellagginovaresi.it&amp;rft.atitle=Chi+siamo&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gemellagginovaresi.it%2FITAChiSiamo.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANovara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novara&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Novara#Bibliography" title="Timeline of Novara">Timeline of Novara §&#160;Bibliography</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novara&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.comune.novara.it/">Comune di Novara, city government website</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.turismonovara.it/">Turismo Novara (tourist office)</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Italian and English)</span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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title="Cavallirio">Cavallirio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerano" title="Cerano">Cerano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colazza" title="Colazza">Colazza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comignago" title="Comignago">Comignago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cressa,_Piedmont" title="Cressa, Piedmont">Cressa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cureggio" title="Cureggio">Cureggio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divignano" title="Divignano">Divignano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dormelletto" title="Dormelletto">Dormelletto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fara_Novarese" title="Fara Novarese">Fara Novarese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontaneto_d%27Agogna" title="Fontaneto d&#39;Agogna">Fontaneto d'Agogna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galliate" title="Galliate">Galliate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garbagna_Novarese" title="Garbagna Novarese">Garbagna Novarese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gargallo,_Piedmont" title="Gargallo, Piedmont">Gargallo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gattico-Veruno" title="Gattico-Veruno">Gattico-Veruno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghemme" title="Ghemme">Ghemme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gozzano,_Piedmont" title="Gozzano, Piedmont">Gozzano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granozzo_con_Monticello" title="Granozzo con Monticello">Granozzo con Monticello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grignasco" title="Grignasco">Grignasco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invorio" title="Invorio">Invorio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landiona" title="Landiona">Landiona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesa,_Piedmont" title="Lesa, Piedmont">Lesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maggiora" title="Maggiora">Maggiora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandello_Vitta" title="Mandello Vitta">Mandello Vitta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marano_Ticino" title="Marano Ticino">Marano Ticino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massino_Visconti" title="Massino Visconti">Massino Visconti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meina" title="Meina">Meina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mezzomerico" title="Mezzomerico">Mezzomerico</a></li> 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Sesia">Prato Sesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recetto" title="Recetto">Recetto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romagnano_Sesia" title="Romagnano Sesia">Romagnano Sesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romentino" title="Romentino">Romentino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Maurizio_d%27Opaglio" title="San Maurizio d&#39;Opaglio">San Maurizio d'Opaglio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Nazzaro_Sesia" title="San Nazzaro Sesia">San Nazzaro Sesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Pietro_Mosezzo" title="San Pietro Mosezzo">San Pietro Mosezzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sillavengo" title="Sillavengo">Sillavengo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sizzano" title="Sizzano">Sizzano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soriso" title="Soriso">Soriso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sozzago" title="Sozzago">Sozzago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suno,_Piedmont" title="Suno, Piedmont">Suno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terdobbiate" title="Terdobbiate">Terdobbiate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tornaco,_Piedmont" title="Tornaco, Piedmont">Tornaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trecate" title="Trecate">Trecate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaprio_d%27Agogna" title="Vaprio d&#39;Agogna">Vaprio d'Agogna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varallo_Pombia" title="Varallo Pombia">Varallo Pombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vespolate" title="Vespolate">Vespolate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicolungo" title="Vicolungo">Vicolungo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinzaglio" title="Vinzaglio">Vinzaglio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cities_in_Italy_by_population" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cities_in_Italy" title="Template:Cities in Italy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cities_in_Italy" title="Template talk:Cities in Italy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cities_in_Italy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cities in Italy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cities_in_Italy_by_population" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Italy" title="List of cities in Italy">Cities in Italy</a> by population</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1,000,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">500,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">200,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bari" title="Bari">Bari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catania" title="Catania">Catania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messina" title="Messina">Messina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padua" title="Padua">Padua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verona" title="Verona">Verona</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">100,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancona" title="Ancona">Ancona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andria" title="Andria">Andria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arezzo" title="Arezzo">Arezzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bergamo" title="Bergamo">Bergamo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolzano" title="Bolzano">Bolzano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia">Brescia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari">Cagliari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrara" title="Ferrara">Ferrara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foggia" title="Foggia">Foggia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forl%C3%AC" title="Forlì">Forlì</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giugliano_in_Campania" title="Giugliano in Campania">Giugliano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latina,_Lazio" title="Latina, Lazio">Latina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livorno" title="Livorno">Livorno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modena" title="Modena">Modena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monza" title="Monza">Monza</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Novara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parma" title="Parma">Parma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia">Perugia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pescara" title="Pescara">Pescara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piacenza" title="Piacenza">Piacenza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prato" title="Prato">Prato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravenna" title="Ravenna">Ravenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggio_Calabria" title="Reggio Calabria">Reggio Calabria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggio_Emilia" title="Reggio Emilia">Reggio Emilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rimini" title="Rimini">Rimini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salerno" title="Salerno">Salerno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sassari" title="Sassari">Sassari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syracuse,_Sicily" title="Syracuse, Sicily">Syracuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taranto" title="Taranto">Taranto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terni" title="Terni">Terni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trento" title="Trento">Trento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udine" title="Udine">Udine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicenza" title="Vicenza">Vicenza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6046#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6046#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6046#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/166427548">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4117934-1">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79021854">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Novara (Itálie)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&amp;local_base=aut&amp;ccl_term=ica=ge572424&amp;CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&amp;local_base=lnc10&amp;doc_number=000325744&amp;P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&amp;local_base=NLX10&amp;find_code=UID&amp;request=987007561792805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/b37b896a-2838-46b1-a4e6-419f2b491caf">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/383717">Pleiades</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.codfw.main‐7556f8b5dd‐pcdpn Cached time: 20241122141712 Cache 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