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Beschikbaar in 23 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%84_%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83" title="راسيل كيرك – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="راسيل كيرك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%84_%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%83" title="راسيل كيرك – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="راسيل كيرك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Kirk" title="Russell Kirk – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Russell Kirk" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Kirk" title="Russell Kirk – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Russell Kirk" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Kirk" title="Russell Kirk – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Russell Kirk" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Kirk" title="Russell Kirk – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Russell Kirk" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Kirk" title="Russell Kirk – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Russell Kirk" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84_%DA%A9%D8%B1%DA%A9" title="راسل کرک – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="راسل کرک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Kirk" title="Russell Kirk – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Russell Kirk" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Kirk" title="Russell Kirk – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Russell Kirk" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Kirk" title="Russell Kirk – Oppersorbisch" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Russell Kirk" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Oppersorbisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Kirk" title="Russell Kirk – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Russell Kirk" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%83%83%E3%82%BB%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF" title="ラッセル・カーク – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ラッセル・カーク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9F%AC%EC%85%80_%EC%BB%A4%ED%81%AC" title="러셀 커크 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="러셀 커크" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Kirk" title="Russell Kirk – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Russell Kirk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Kirk" title="Russell Kirk – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Russell Kirk" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84_%DA%A9%D8%B1%DA%A9" title="راسل کرک – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="راسل کرک" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Kirk" title="Russell Kirk – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Russell Kirk" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Kirk" title="Russell Kirk – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Russell Kirk" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA,_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB" title="Керк, Расселл – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Керк, Расселл" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Kirk" title="Russell Kirk – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Russell Kirk" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%80%D0%BA" title="Рассел Кірк – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Рассел Кірк" data-language-autonym="Українська" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Kirk_1962.jpg/266px-Kirk_1962.jpg" decoding="async" width="266" height="335" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Kirk_1962.jpg/399px-Kirk_1962.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Kirk_1962.jpg/532px-Kirk_1962.jpg 2x" data-file-width="780" data-file-height="982" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;" colspan="3"><div style="font-size:90%">Kirk in 1962</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:gainsboro; color:inherit; text-align:center;" colspan="3">Persoonsgegevens </th></tr> <tr> <th>Geboren </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/19_oktober" title="19 oktober">19 oktober</a> <a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Overleden </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/29_april" title="29 april">29 april</a> <a href="/wiki/1994" title="1994">1994</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Land </th> <td colspan="2"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van de Verenigde Staten"><img alt="Vlag van Verenigde Staten" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Staten_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Verenigde Staten (hoofdbetekenis)">Verenigde Staten</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Functie </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Historicus" title="Historicus">Historicus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Politieke_filosofie" title="Politieke filosofie">polietieke theoreticus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maatschappijkritiek" title="Maatschappijkritiek">maatschappijcriticus</a> en <a href="/wiki/Literaire_kritiek" title="Literaire kritiek">literaire criticus</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:gainsboro; color:inherit;" colspan="3">Oriënterende gegevens </th></tr> <tr> <th>Beïnvloed door </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Burke" title="Edmund Burke">Edmund Burke</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" colspan="3"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kirkcenter.org">Website</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-kop notheme center" style="background-color:gainsboro; color:inherit;" colspan="3"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><b>Portaal</b>  <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portaalicoon"><img alt="Portaalicoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/22px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/33px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/44px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span>   </td> <td class="ta-left"><b><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Filosofie" title="Portaal:Filosofie">Filosofie</a> </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Russell Amos Kirk</b> (<a href="/wiki/Plymouth_(Michigan)" title="Plymouth (Michigan)">Plymouth</a>, <a href="/wiki/19_oktober" title="19 oktober">19 oktober</a> <a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mecosta" title="Mecosta">Mecosta</a>, <a href="/wiki/29_april" title="29 april">29 april</a> <a href="/wiki/1994" title="1994">1994</a>) was een <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Staten" title="Verenigde Staten">Amerikaans</a> <a href="/wiki/Moralisme" title="Moralisme">moralist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Historicus" title="Historicus">historicus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Politieke_filosofie" title="Politieke filosofie">politieke theoreticus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maatschappijkritiek" title="Maatschappijkritiek">maatschappijcriticus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Literaire_kritiek" title="Literaire kritiek">literaire criticus</a> en <a href="/wiki/Romanschrijver" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanschrijver">romanschrijver</a> die stond bekend om het omschrijven en ontwikkelen van een traditionalistische filosofie gebaseerd op de ideeën van <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Burke" title="Edmund Burke">Edmund Burke</a>. Zijn in 1953 verschenen boek, <i>The Conservative Mind, was medebepalend voor de opkomst en geleidelijke ontwikkeling van het</i> <a href="/wiki/Amerikaans_conservatisme" title="Amerikaans conservatisme">Amerikaanse conservatisme</a>, de post-<a href="/wiki/Tweede_Wereldoorlog" title="Tweede Wereldoorlog">Tweede Wereldoorlogse</a> conservatieve beweging in de VS.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hij schreef ook <a href="/wiki/Gothic_novel" title="Gothic novel">gotische</a> fictie en <a href="/wiki/Spookverhaal" title="Spookverhaal">spookverhalen</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conservatieve_beginselen">Conservatieve beginselen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russell_Kirk&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Conservatieve beginselen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Russell_Kirk&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Conservatieve beginselen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kirk ontwikkelde zes "canons" van conservatisme:<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>Een geloof in een opperste orde gebaseerd op traditie, openbaring of natuurrecht;</li> <li>Een genegenheid voor de "verscheidenheid en mysterie" van het menselijke bestaan;</li> <li>Een overtuiging dat samenlevingen orden en klassen vereisen die "natuurlijke" onderscheidingen benadrukken;</li> <li>Een geloof dat eigendom en vrijheid nauw verwante concepten zijn;</li> <li>Een vertrouwen in gewoonte, conventie en voorschrift; en</li> <li>Een erkenning dat innovatie gekoppeld moet zijn aan bestaande tradities en gewoonten, wat een respect voor de politieke waarde van voorzichtigheid met zich meebrengt.</li></ol> <p>Volgens Kirk zijn Christendom en de <a href="/wiki/Westerse_cultuur" title="Westerse cultuur">Westerse beschaving</a> "onvoorstelbaar apart van elkaar" en "alle cultuur ontstaat uit religie. Wanneer het godsdienstige vertrouwen vervalt, moet de cultuur achteruitgaan, hoewel het vaak lijkt te bloeien voor een periode nadat de religie die het heeft gevoed in ongeloof is gezonken."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/kirk-russell-amos">Kirk, Russell Amos | Encyclopedia.com</a>. Geraadpleegd op 17 maart 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://caffeinatedthoughts.com/2021/01/kirks-six-principles-of-conservatism/">Kirk’s Six Principles of Conservatism</a>. Caffeinated Thoughts.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFB._HartFout:_ongeldige_tijd."><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">B. Hart, David</span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newcriterion.com/issues/2004/3/religion-in-america-ancient-modern">Religion in America: ancient & modern</a> (Maart 2004). </span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67837862">.mw-parser-output .navigatie{position:relative;clear:both;overflow:auto;margin:1em auto -0.5em;padding:2px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;font-size:87%}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken{margin-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken .mw-ui-icon::before{background-size:0.9em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-links,.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{right:2px}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-groot{float:right;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:#ddeef8;padding:2px 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