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Penyangkalan genosida Armenia - Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas

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class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Latar_belakang" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latar_belakang"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Latar belakang</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Latar_belakang-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Latar belakang</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Latar_belakang-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Genosida_Armenia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genosida_Armenia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Genosida Armenia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genosida_Armenia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cikal_bakal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cikal_bakal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Cikal bakal</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cikal_bakal-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Cikal bakal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Cikal_bakal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kekaisaran_Utsmaniyah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kekaisaran_Utsmaniyah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Kekaisaran Utsmaniyah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kekaisaran_Utsmaniyah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gerakan_nasionalis_Turki" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gerakan_nasionalis_Turki"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Gerakan nasionalis Turki</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gerakan_nasionalis_Turki-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Di_Turki" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Di_Turki"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Di Turki</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Di_Turki-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Di Turki</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Di_Turki-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Penyebab" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penyebab"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Penyebab</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penyebab-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Penghancuran_dan_penghilangan_barang_bukti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penghancuran_dan_penghilangan_barang_bukti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Penghancuran dan penghilangan barang bukti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penghancuran_dan_penghilangan_barang_bukti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historiografi_Turki" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historiografi_Turki"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Historiografi Turki</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historiografi_Turki-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pendidikan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pendidikan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Pendidikan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pendidikan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Masyarakat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Masyarakat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Masyarakat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Masyarakat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Politik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hubungan_luar_negeri_Turki" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hubungan_luar_negeri_Turki"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Hubungan luar negeri Turki</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Hubungan_luar_negeri_Turki-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Hubungan luar negeri Turki</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Hubungan_luar_negeri_Turki-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Jerman" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jerman"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Jerman</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jerman-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Amerika_Serikat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amerika_Serikat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Amerika Serikat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Amerika_Serikat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Britania_Raya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Britania_Raya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Britania Raya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Britania_Raya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Israel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Israel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Denialisme_dalam_akademik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Denialisme_dalam_akademik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Denialisme dalam akademik</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Denialisme_dalam_akademik-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Denialisme dalam akademik</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Denialisme_dalam_akademik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kontroversi_integritas_akademik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kontroversi_integritas_akademik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Kontroversi integritas akademik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kontroversi_integritas_akademik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pemeriksaan_klaim" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pemeriksaan_klaim"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Pemeriksaan klaim</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pemeriksaan_klaim-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legalitas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legalitas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Legalitas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legalitas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dampak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dampak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Dampak</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Dampak-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Dampak</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Dampak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hubungan_internasional" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hubungan_internasional"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Hubungan internasional</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hubungan_internasional-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Referensi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kutipan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kutipan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Kutipan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kutipan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sumber" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sumber"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Sumber</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sumber-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Buku" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buku"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2.1</span> <span>Buku</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buku-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bab" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bab"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2.2</span> <span>Bab</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bab-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artikel_jurnal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artikel_jurnal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2.3</span> <span>Artikel jurnal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artikel_jurnal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bacaan_tambahan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bacaan_tambahan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Bacaan tambahan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bacaan_tambahan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Penyangkalan genosida Armenia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 28 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">28 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%86%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86" title="إنكار الإبادة الجماعية للأرمن – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إنكار الإبادة الجماعية للأرمن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erm%C9%99ni_soyq%C4%B1r%C4%B1m%C4%B1n%C4%B1n_inkar%C4%B1" title="Erməni soyqırımının inkarı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Erməni soyqırımının inkarı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%B4%D1%83_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD" title="Адмаўленне генацыду армян – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Адмаўленне генацыду армян" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Отричане на арменския геноцид – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Отричане на арменския геноцид" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negaci%C3%B3_del_genocidi_armeni" title="Negació del genocidi armeni – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Negació del genocidi armeni" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leugnung_des_V%C3%B6lkermords_an_den_Armeniern" title="Leugnung des Völkermords an den Armeniern – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Leugnung des Völkermords an den Armeniern" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%86%CF%81%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82_%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%91%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%AF%CF%89%CE%BD" title="Άρνηση της γενοκτονίας των Αρμενίων – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Άρνηση της γενοκτονίας των Αρμενίων" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_genocide_denial" title="Armenian genocide denial – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Armenian genocide denial" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negacionismo_del_genocidio_armenio" title="Negacionismo del genocidio armenio – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Negacionismo del genocidio armenio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%84%E2%80%8C%DA%A9%D8%B4%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7" title="انکار نسل‌کشی ارمنی‌ها – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="انکار نسل‌کشی ارمنی‌ها" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenialaisten_kansanmurhan_kielt%C3%A4minen" title="Armenialaisten kansanmurhan kieltäminen – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Armenialaisten kansanmurhan kieltäminen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A9gation_du_g%C3%A9nocide_arm%C3%A9nien" title="Négation du génocide arménien – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Négation du génocide arménien" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%97%D7%A9%D7%AA_%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%97_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%99" title="הכחשת רצח העם הארמני – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הכחשת רצח העם הארמני" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poricanje_genocida_nad_Armencima" title="Poricanje genocida nad Armencima – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Poricanje genocida nad Armencima" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%81_%D6%81%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AA%D5%AD%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Հայոց ցեղասպանության ժխտում – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հայոց ցեղասպանության ժխտում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%81_%D5%91%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%A5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D4%BA%D5%AD%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Հայոց Ցեղասպանութեան Ժխտում – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Հայոց Ցեղասպանութեան Ժխտում" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negazionismo_del_genocidio_armeno" title="Negazionismo del genocidio armeno – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Negazionismo del genocidio armeno" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A7%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A4%E1%83%90" title="სომხების გენოციდის უარყოფა – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სომხების გენოციდის უარყოფა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Enkara_n%C3%AEjadkujiya_ermeniyan" title="Înkara nîjadkujiya ermeniyan – Kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Înkara nîjadkujiya ermeniyan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benektelse_av_folkemordet_p%C3%A5_armenerne" title="Benektelse av folkemordet på armenerne – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Benektelse av folkemordet på armenerne" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negacionismo_do_genoc%C3%ADdio_arm%C3%AAnio" title="Negacionismo do genocídio armênio – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Negacionismo do genocídio armênio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD" title="Отрицание геноцида армян – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Отрицание геноцида армян" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_genocide_denial" title="Armenian genocide denial – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Armenian genocide denial" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%86%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9C%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="การปฏิเสธการฆ่าล้างเผ่าพันธุ์ชาวอาร์มีเนีย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การปฏิเสธการฆ่าล้างเผ่าพันธุ์ชาวอาร์มีเนีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ermeni_Soyk%C4%B1r%C4%B1m%C4%B1%27n%C4%B1n_ink%C3%A2r%C4%B1" title="Ermeni Soykırımı&#039;nın inkârı – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ermeni Soykırımı&#039;nın inkârı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%83_%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2" title="Заперечення геноциду вірменів – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Заперечення геноциду вірменів" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arman_genotsidini_inkor_etish" title="Arman genotsidini inkor etish – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Arman genotsidini inkor etish" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E4%BA%9E%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E7%A8%AE%E6%97%8F%E6%BB%85%E7%B5%95%E7%9A%84%E5%90%A6%E8%AA%8D" title="對亞美尼亞種族滅絕的否認 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="對亞美尼亞種族滅絕的否認" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q786536#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:IgdirGenocideMuseum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/IgdirGenocideMuseum.jpg/220px-IgdirGenocideMuseum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/IgdirGenocideMuseum.jpg/330px-IgdirGenocideMuseum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/IgdirGenocideMuseum.jpg/440px-IgdirGenocideMuseum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2029" data-file-height="1264" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Monumen_dan_Museum_Genosida_I%C4%9Fd%C4%B1r" class="mw-redirect" title="Monumen dan Museum Genosida Iğdır">Monumen dan Museum Genosida Iğdır</a> <a href="/wiki/Negasionisme_sejarah" title="Negasionisme sejarah">mendukung pandangan</a> bahwa orang Armenia melakukan genosida terhadap orang Turki, bukan sebaliknya.<sup id="cite_ref-Igdir2_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Igdir2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Penyangkalan genosida Armenia</b> adalah pernyataan yang dibuat oleh <a href="/wiki/Kesultanan_Utsmaniyah" title="Kesultanan Utsmaniyah">Kesultanan Utsmaniyah</a> dan partai yang saat itu berkuasa, <a href="/wiki/Komite_Persatuan_dan_Kemajuan" title="Komite Persatuan dan Kemajuan">Komite Persatuan dan Kemajuan</a>, bahwa mereka tidak melakukan tindakan <a href="/wiki/Genosida_Armenia" title="Genosida Armenia">genosida terhadap warga Armenia</a> selama <a href="/wiki/Perang_Dunia_I" title="Perang Dunia I">Perang Dunia I</a>. Namun, ada banyak bukti yang menegaskan terjadinya kejahatan ini, dan sebagian besar ahli membenarkannya.<sup id="cite_ref-evidence_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-evidence-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-academic_consensus_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-academic_consensus-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Para pelaku menyangkal telah melakukan tindakan genosida tersebut dengan mengklaim bahwa <a href="/wiki/Bangsa_Armenia_di_Kesultanan_Utsmaniyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangsa Armenia di Kesultanan Utsmaniyah">orang-orang Armenia</a> dimukimkan kembali karena alasan-alasan militer, bukan untuk dimusnahkan. Setelah genosida berakhir, dokumen-dokumen yang memberatkan dihancurkan secara sistematis, dan penyangkalan genosida Armenia telah menjadi kebijakan setiap pemerintahan yang memerintah di <a href="/wiki/Turki" title="Turki">Republik Turki</a> hingga 2023<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Penyangkalan_genosida_Armenia&amp;action=edit">&#91;update&#93;</a></sup> dan diterapkan juga di <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> sejak tahun 1991 </p><p>Penyangkalan terhadap genosida Armenia bergantung pada argumen yang digunakan oleh Komite Persatuan dan Kemajuan untuk <a href="/wiki/Pembenaran_genosida" title="Pembenaran genosida">membenarkan</a> tindakan mereka. Penyangkalan ini mengacu pada asumsi bahwa, "relokasi" orang-orang Armenia adalah tindakan sah yang dilakukan oleh negara dalam menanggapi pemberontakan Armenia secara nyata atau hal yang dianggap mengancam keberadaan kesultanan selama masa perang. Para penyangkal menegaskan bahwa Komite Persatuan dan Kemajuan bermaksud untuk memukimkan kembali orang-orang Armenia, alih-alih membunuh mereka. Mereka juga mengklaim bahwa jumlah korban tewas telah dilebih-lebihkan atau mengaitkan kematian dengan faktor-faktor lain, seperti dugaan <a href="/wiki/Perang_saudara" title="Perang saudara">perang saudara</a>, penyakit, cuaca buruk, pejabat setempat yang nakal, atau gerombolan <a href="/wiki/Orang_Kurdi" title="Orang Kurdi">Kurdi</a> dan para penjahat. Sejarawan <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Grigor_Suny" title="Ronald Grigor Suny">Ronald Grigor Suny</a> meringkas argumen utama para penyangkal sebagai "tidak ada genosida yang terjadi, dan orang-orang Armenia-lah yang mesti disalahkan."<sup id="cite_ref-Sunyintro_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sunyintro-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Penyangkalan biasanya disertai dengan retorika yang menggambarkan orang-orang Armenia sebagai pengkhianat, agresif, kriminal, dan ambisius dalam hal wilayah.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBloxham2005234_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBloxham2005234-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Salah satu alasan terpenting untuk menyangkal genosida Armenia adalah karena peristiwa tersebut memfasilitasi pendirian negara-bangsa Turki, dan pengakuan atas peristiwa tersebut akan bertentangan dengan mitos-mitos pendirian Turki.<sup id="cite_ref-foundational_violence_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-foundational_violence-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Turki telah secara aktif sejak 1920-an untuk mencegah <a href="/wiki/Pengakuan_genosida_Armenia" title="Pengakuan genosida Armenia">pengakuan resmi</a> atas genosida tersebut atau bahkan penyebutannya di negara-negara lain. Upaya-upaya ini termasuk menghabiskan jutaan dolar untuk melobi, membentuk lembaga penelitian, serta menggunakan intimidasi dan ancaman. Penyangkalan juga mempengaruhi kebijakan domestik Turki dan diajarkan di sekolah-sekolah. Beberapa warga Turki yang mengakui adanya genosida tersebut menghadapi tuntutan hukum, karena dianggap "<a href="/wiki/Pasal_301_(hukum_pidana_Turki)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pasal 301 (hukum pidana Turki)">menghina ke-Turki-an</a>". Upaya negara Turki selama seabad untuk menyangkal genosida, membedakannya dengan kasus-kasus genosida lain dalam sejarah.<sup id="cite_ref-unique_denial_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unique_denial-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> juga menyangkal genosida dan berkampanye untuk menentang pengakuannya secara internasional. Sebagian besar warga Turki dan partai politik di Turki, mendukung kebijakan penyangkalan negara, dan penyangkalan ini berkontribusi pada <a href="/wiki/Konflik_Nagorno-Karabakh" title="Konflik Nagorno-Karabakh">konflik Nagorno-Karabakh</a> serta <a href="/wiki/Konflik_Turki-Partai_Pekerja_Kurdistan" title="Konflik Turki-Partai Pekerja Kurdistan">kekerasan yang sedang berlangsung terhadap orang-orang Kurdi</a> di Turki. Sebuah survei melibatkan 1.500 orang pada tahun 2014 yang dilakukan oleh EDAM, sebuah lembaga <a href="/wiki/Wadah_pemikir" title="Wadah pemikir"><i>think-tank</i></a> di Turki, menemukan bahwa hanya 9% warga Turki yang mengakui adanya genosida tersebut.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDemirelEriksson202011_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDemirelEriksson202011-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r14851226">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Latar_belakang">Latar belakang</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyangkalan_genosida_Armenia&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Latar belakang" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyangkalan_genosida_Armenia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Latar belakang"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18844875">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Bangsa_Armenia_di_Kesultanan_Utsmaniyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangsa Armenia di Kesultanan Utsmaniyah">Bangsa Armenia di Kesultanan Utsmaniyah</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Armenian_monastery_of_s_apostles_in_moush.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Armenian_monastery_of_s_apostles_in_moush.jpg/220px-Armenian_monastery_of_s_apostles_in_moush.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Armenian_monastery_of_s_apostles_in_moush.jpg/330px-Armenian_monastery_of_s_apostles_in_moush.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Armenian_monastery_of_s_apostles_in_moush.jpg/440px-Armenian_monastery_of_s_apostles_in_moush.jpg 2x" data-file-width="685" data-file-height="446" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Biara_Arakelots" class="mw-redirect" title="Biara Arakelots">Biara Arakelots</a>, yang dibangun pada abad ke-4, dijarah pada tahun 1915, kemudian dihancurkan<sup id="cite_ref-Maranci_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maranci-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Keberadaan <a href="/wiki/Orang_Armenia" title="Orang Armenia">orang Armenia</a> di <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a> terdokumentasi sejak <a href="/wiki/Abad_keenam_SM" class="mw-redirect" title="Abad keenam SM">abad keenam SM</a>, nyaris dua ribu tahun sebelum <a href="/wiki/Migrasi_bangsa_Turki" class="mw-redirect" title="Migrasi bangsa Turki">datangnya bangsa Turki</a> ke wilayah tersebut.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuny2015xiv_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESuny2015xiv-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Meskipun reformasi <a href="/wiki/Tanzimat" title="Tanzimat">Tanzimat</a> pada abad ke-19 bertujuan untuk menyetarakan status non-Muslim, <a href="/wiki/Kesultanan_Utsmaniyah" title="Kesultanan Utsmaniyah">Kesultanan Utsmaniyah</a> memperlakukan orang Armenia dan non-Muslim lainnya sebagai <a href="/wiki/Warga_kelas_dua" title="Warga kelas dua">warga negara kelas dua</a> di bawah pemerintahan Islam.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuny201526–27,_43–44_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESuny201526–27,_43–44-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada 1890-an, orang-orang Armenia mengalami <a href="/wiki/Pindah_agama_paksa" title="Pindah agama paksa">pemaksaan</a> untuk memeluk agama Islam dan meningkatnya perampasan tanah, yang mendorong segelintir orang untuk bergabung dengan partai-partai revolusioner seperti <a href="/wiki/Federasi_Revolusionaris_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Federasi Revolusionaris Armenia">Federasi Revolusi Armenia</a>, yang juga dikenal sebagai Dashnaktsutyun.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuny2015105_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESuny2015105-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada pertengahan 1890-an, pemerintah Utsmaniyah mensponsori <a href="/wiki/Pembantaian_Hamidian" class="mw-redirect" title="Pembantaian Hamidian">pembantaian Hamidian</a> yang menewaskan sedikitnya 100.000 orang Armenia. Pihak berwenang Utsmaniyah gagal mencegah <a href="/wiki/Pembantaian_Adana" title="Pembantaian Adana">pembantaian Adana</a> pada 1909, yang menewaskan sekitar 17.000 orang Armenia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKévorkian201111,_71_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKévorkian201111,_71-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuny2015129,_170–171_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESuny2015129,_170–171-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGöçek2015204,_206_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGöçek2015204,_206-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pihak berwenang Utsmaniyah menyangkal bertanggung jawab atas pembantaian ini, dan malah menuduh kekuatan Barat ikut campur dan orang-orang Armenia melakukan provokasi. Mereka menampilkan pihak Muslim sebagai korban utama dan gagal untuk menghukum para pelakunya.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuny2015127–129,_133,_170–171_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESuny2015127–129,_133,_170–171-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGöçek201562,_150_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGöçek201562,_150-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Maksudyan_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maksudyan-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pola penyangkalan yang sama kemudian dilakukan untuk menyangkal genosida Armenia.<sup id="cite_ref-Maksudyan_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maksudyan-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGöçek2015246–247_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGöçek2015246–247-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Komite_Persatuan_dan_Kemajuan" title="Komite Persatuan dan Kemajuan">Komite Persatuan dan Kemajuan</a> berkuasa melalui dua kudeta pada <a href="/wiki/Revolusi_Turki_Muda" title="Revolusi Turki Muda">1908</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Kudeta_Utsmaniyah_1913" title="Kudeta Utsmaniyah 1913">1913</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuny2015154–155,_189_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESuny2015154–155,_189-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Sementara itu, Kekaisaran Utsmaniyah kehilangan hampir seluruh wilayah Eropa-nya dalam <a href="/wiki/Perang_Balkan" title="Perang Balkan">Perang Balkan</a>, lalu Komite Persatuan dan Kemajuan mengaitkan kekalahan ini dengan pengkhianatan Kristen.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuny2015184–185_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESuny2015184–185-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Perang tersebut menyebabkan ratusan ribu <a href="/wiki/Muhacir" title="Muhacir">pengungsi Muslim</a> melarikan diri ke Anatolia, dan banyak yang dimukimkan kembali di <a href="/wiki/Enam_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Enam Vilayet">provinsi-provinsi timur yang didiami orang-orang Armenia</a>. Para pengungsi ini menyimpan kebencian terhadap orang-orang Kristen.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKévorkian2011137_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKévorkian2011137-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuny2015185_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESuny2015185-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada Agustus 1914, para perwakilan Komite Persatuan dan Kemajuan menghadiri <a href="/wiki/Kongres_Armenia_di_Erzurum" title="Kongres Armenia di Erzurum">konferensi Federasi Revolusioner Armenia</a> dan menuntut jika terjadi perang dengan <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Rusia" title="Kekaisaran Rusia">Kekaisaran Rusia</a>, Federasi Revolusioner Armenia menghasut <a href="/wiki/Orang_Armenia_di_Rusia" class="mw-redirect" title="Orang Armenia di Rusia">orang-orang Armenia di Rusia</a> untuk berperang di pihak Utsmaniyah. Namun, Federasi Revolusioner Armenia menolak dan malah menyatakan agar orang-orang Armenia harus berperang untuk negara-negara tempat mereka menjadi warga negara.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuny2015223–224_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESuny2015223–224-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada Oktober 1914, <a href="/wiki/Masuknya_Kesultanan_Utsmaniyah_ke_kancah_Perang_Dunia_I" title="Masuknya Kesultanan Utsmaniyah ke kancah Perang Dunia I">Kesultanan Utsmaniyah bergabung ke Perang Dunia I</a> di sisi <a href="/wiki/Blok_Sentral" title="Blok Sentral">Blok Sentral</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuny2015218_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESuny2015218-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Genosida_Armenia">Genosida Armenia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyangkalan_genosida_Armenia&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Genosida Armenia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyangkalan_genosida_Armenia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Genosida Armenia"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Genosida_Armenia" title="Genosida Armenia">Genosida Armenia</a></div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1008px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Armenian_Genocide_Map-id.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Peta Genosida Armenia tahun 1915."><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Armenian_Genocide_Map-id.svg/1000px-Armenian_Genocide_Map-id.svg.png" decoding="async" width="1000" height="491" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Armenian_Genocide_Map-id.svg/1500px-Armenian_Genocide_Map-id.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Armenian_Genocide_Map-id.svg/2000px-Armenian_Genocide_Map-id.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2574" data-file-height="1264" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Armenian_Genocide_Map-id.svg" title="Berkas:Armenian Genocide Map-id.svg"> </a></div>Peta Genosida Armenia tahun 1915.</div></div></div> <p>Pada akhir 1914, selama <a href="/wiki/Kampanye_Kaukasus" title="Kampanye Kaukasus">invasi Utsmaniyah ke wilayah Rusia</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Kampanye_Persia_(Perang_Dunia_I)" title="Kampanye Persia (Perang Dunia I)">Persia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paramiliter" title="Paramiliter">paramiliter</a> Utsmaniyah melakukan pembantaian terhadap orang-orang Armenia setempat.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuny2015243–244_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESuny2015243–244-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Beberapa tentara Armenia Utsmaniyah membelot ke pihak Rusia. Hal ini digunakan oleh Komite Persatuan dan Kemajuan dan kemudian para penyangkal sebagai bukti terhadap pengkhianatan Armenia. Meskipun demikian, para <a href="/wiki/Satuan-satuan_sukarelawan_Armenia" title="Satuan-satuan sukarelawan Armenia">sukarelawan Armenia</a> dalam angkatan bersenjata Rusia sebagian besar adalah orang Armenia Rusia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDadrian2003277_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDadrian2003277-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaligian2014217_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaligian2014217-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuny2015236_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESuny2015236-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pembantaian meningkat menjadi genosida usai Utsmaniyah kalah telak melawan Rusia dalam <a href="/wiki/Pertempuran_Sarikamish" title="Pertempuran Sarikamish">Pertempuran Sarikamish</a> pada Januari 1915, yang dituding sebagai akibat dari pengkhianatan Armenia. Sebagai dampaknya, para tentara dan perwira Armenia dicopot dari jabatan mereka berdasarkan perintah 25&#160;Februari yang dikeluarkan oleh <a href="/wiki/Kementerian_Perang_(Kekaisaran_Utsmaniyah)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kementerian Perang (Kekaisaran Utsmaniyah)">Menteri Perang</a> <a href="/wiki/Enver_Pasha" title="Enver Pasha">Enver Pasha</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuny2015243–244_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESuny2015243–244-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKieser2018225_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKieser2018225-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Para pemimpin Utsmaniyah menganggap insiden-insiden <a href="/wiki/Perlawanan_bangsa_Armenia_semasa_genosida_Armenia" title="Perlawanan bangsa Armenia semasa genosida Armenia">perlawanan Armenia</a> yang terisolasi sebagai bukti pemberontakan umum.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuny2015244–245_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESuny2015244–245-33"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Ambassador_Morgenthau%27s_Story_p314.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Ambassador_Morgenthau%27s_Story_p314.jpg/220px-Ambassador_Morgenthau%27s_Story_p314.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Ambassador_Morgenthau%27s_Story_p314.jpg/330px-Ambassador_Morgenthau%27s_Story_p314.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Ambassador_Morgenthau%27s_Story_p314.jpg/440px-Ambassador_Morgenthau%27s_Story_p314.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3999" data-file-height="2731" /></a><figcaption>Jasad-jasad orang Armenia di pinggir jalan, sebuah pemandangan umum di sepanjang rute deportasi<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkçam2018158_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkçam2018158-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Pada pertengahan April, setelah para pemimpin Utsmaniyah mengambil keputusan untuk melakukan genosida,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> orang-orang Armenia membarikade diri mereka sendiri di kota <a href="/wiki/Van,_Turki" title="Van, Turki">Van</a> bagian timur.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuny2015256–257_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESuny2015256–257-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pertahanan_Van_(1915)" title="Pertahanan Van (1915)">Pertahanan Van</a> digunakan sebagai alasan untuk aksi-aksi anti-Armenia pada masa itu dan masih menjadi elemen penting dalam karya-karya yang berusaha menyangkal atau <a href="/wiki/Pembenaran_genosida" title="Pembenaran genosida">membenarkan</a> genosida.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIhrig2016109_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIhrig2016109-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada 24&#160;April, <a href="/wiki/Deportasi_kaum_intelektual_Armenia_pada_24_April_1915" title="Deportasi kaum intelektual Armenia pada 24 April 1915">ratusan intelektual Armenia ditangkap</a> di <a href="/wiki/Konstantinopel" title="Konstantinopel">Konstantinopel</a>, dan deportasi sistematis terhadap orang-orang Armenia pun dimulai. Undang-undang <a href="/wiki/Hukum_Deportasi_Temporer" title="Hukum Deportasi Temporer">hukum deportasi</a> 27 Mei memberikan perlindungan legimitasi untuk deportasi tersebut. <a href="/wiki/Organisasi_Khusus" title="Organisasi Khusus">Organisasi Khusus</a> bertanggung jawab untuk mengawal konvoi-konvoi deportasi, yang sebagian besar terdiri dari perempuan, anak-anak, dan orang tua. Orang-orang ini menjadi sasaran <a href="/wiki/Pemerkosaan_pada_genosida_Armenia" title="Pemerkosaan pada genosida Armenia">pemerkosaan</a> dan pembantaian secara sistematis. Tujuan mereka adalah <a href="/wiki/Gurun_Suriah" title="Gurun Suriah">Gurun Suriah</a>, di mana orang-orang yang selamat dari <a href="/wiki/Pawai_kematian" title="Pawai kematian">pawai kematian</a> ditinggalkan agar mati kelaparan atau tewas karena penyakit di kamp-kamp darurat.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDadrian2003274_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDadrian2003274-38"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Deportasi hanya dilakukan di wilayah-wilayah yang jauh dari pertempuran aktif, sementara di dekat garis depan, orang-orang Armenia dibantai secara langsung.<sup id="cite_ref-Kaiser_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kaiser-39"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Para pemimpin Komite Persatuan dan Kemajuan memerintahkan deportasi, dan Menteri Dalam Negeri <a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Talat_Pasha" title="Mehmet Talat Pasha">Talat Pasha</a> memainkan peran utama, karena ia tahu bahwa ia mengirim orang-orang Armenia menuju kematian mereka.<sup id="cite_ref-awareness_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-awareness-40"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Dalam telegram tertanggal 13 Juli 1915, Talat menyatakan bahwa "tujuan dari deportasi orang-orang Armenia adalah penyelesaian akhir dari <a href="/wiki/Permasalahan_Armenia" title="Permasalahan Armenia">Masalah Armenia</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDadrianAkçam201118_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDadrianAkçam201118-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Para sejarawan memperkirakan 1,5 hingga 2&#160;juta orang Armenia tinggal di Kekaisaran Utsmaniyah pada 1915, dan di antara 800.000 hingga 1,2&#160;juta orang dideportasi selama berlangsungnya genosida. Pada 1916, gelombang pembantaian menargetkan orang-orang Armenia yang tersisa di Suriah, dan pada akhir tahun itu, hanya 200.000 orang yang masih hidup.<sup id="cite_ref-Morris_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morris-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Sekitar 100.000 hingga 200.000 perempuan dan anak-anak diintegrasikan secara paksa ke dalam keluarga Muslim melalui <a href="/wiki/Pernikahan_paksa" title="Pernikahan paksa">kawin paksa</a>, adopsi, dan pindah agama.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEkmekçioğlu20164_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEkmekçioğlu20164-43"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkçam2012289–290,_331_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkçam2012289–290,_331-44"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Negara <a href="/wiki/Perampasan_harta_benda_Armenia_oleh_Turki" title="Perampasan harta benda Armenia oleh Turki">menyita</a> dan mendistribusikan kembali harta benda milik orang-orang Armenia yang dibunuh atau dideportasi.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon2010b105–106_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon2010b105–106-45"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkçam2012341_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkçam2012341-46"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Selama <a href="/wiki/Administrasi_Armenia_Barat" title="Administrasi Armenia Barat">pendudukan Rusia di Anatolia timur</a>, pasukan Rusia dan Armenia membantai sebanyak 60.000 Muslim. Penyangkalan seringkali dalam bentuk <a href="/wiki/Kesetaraan_palsu" title="Kesetaraan palsu">kesetaraan palsu</a> antara aksi pembantaian ini dan genosida.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGöçek2015250_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGöçek2015250-47"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvedian2012814_fn._102_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvedian2012814_fn._102-48"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tindakan genosida terdokumentasi secara ekstensif dalam <a href="/wiki/Arsip_Utsmaniyah" title="Arsip Utsmaniyah">arsip Utsmaniyah</a>, dokumen-dokumen yang dikumpulkan oleh para diplomat asing (termasuk dari negara-negara netral dan sekutu Utsmaniyah), <a href="/wiki/Saksi_dan_kesaksian_genosida_Armenia" title="Saksi dan kesaksian genosida Armenia">laporan saksi mata</a> dari para penyintas Armenia dan misionaris Barat, serta proses-proses <a href="/wiki/Pengadilan_militer_Turki_1919%E2%80%931920" class="mw-redirect" title="Pengadilan militer Turki 1919–1920">Pengadilan Militer Khusus Utsmaniyah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-evidence_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-evidence-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Talat Pasha juga menyimpan <a href="/wiki/Dokumen_yang_tersisa_dari_Talaat_Pasha" class="mw-redirect" title="Dokumen yang tersisa dari Talaat Pasha">catatan statistiknya</a> sendiri, yang mengungkap perbedaan besar antara jumlah orang-orang Armenia yang dideportasi pada tahun 1915 dan mereka yang selamat pada tahun 1917.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Waal201551–52_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Waal201551–52-49"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECheterian2018a189–190_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECheterian2018a189–190-50"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Sebagian besar cendekiawan non-Turki menerima genosida tersebut sebagai fakta sejarah, dan semakin banyak sejarawan Turki yang mengakui dan mempelajari genosida tersebut.<sup id="cite_ref-academic_consensus_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-academic_consensus-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cikal_bakal">Cikal bakal</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyangkalan_genosida_Armenia&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Cikal bakal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyangkalan_genosida_Armenia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Cikal bakal"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kekaisaran_Utsmaniyah">Kekaisaran Utsmaniyah</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyangkalan_genosida_Armenia&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Kekaisaran Utsmaniyah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyangkalan_genosida_Armenia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kekaisaran Utsmaniyah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Penyangkalan_genosida" title="Penyangkalan genosida">Penyangkalan genosida</a> adalah upaya meminimisasi (meremehkan) sebuah peristiwa yang dinyatakan sebagai genosida, baik dengan menyangkali fakta-fakta yang ada, maupun dengan mempertanyakan maksud dari para pelakunya.<sup id="cite_ref-denial_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-denial-51"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Penyangkalan hadir sejak awal sebagai bagian penting dari genosida Armenia, yang dilakukan dengan kedok pemindahan tempat.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mamigonian61_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mamigonian61-53"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Penyangkalan timbul karena Kekaisaran Utsmaniyah ingin mempertahankan <a href="/wiki/Amerika_Serikat_pada_Perang_Dunia_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Amerika Serikat pada Perang Dunia I">kenetralan Amerika Serikat dalam perang tersebut</a> dan mempertahankan <a href="/wiki/Jerman_pada_Perang_Dunia_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerman pada Perang Dunia I">dukungan keuangan dan militer dari Jerman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkçam20183_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkçam20183-54"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Photo_of_massacre_victims_in_Turkey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Photo_of_massacre_victims_in_Turkey.jpg/220px-Photo_of_massacre_victims_in_Turkey.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Photo_of_massacre_victims_in_Turkey.jpg/330px-Photo_of_massacre_victims_in_Turkey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Photo_of_massacre_victims_in_Turkey.jpg/440px-Photo_of_massacre_victims_in_Turkey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="627" data-file-height="401" /></a><figcaption>Dalam sebuah buku tahun 1916 berjudul <i>The Armenian Aspirations and Revolutionary Movements</i>, banyak foto yang diklaim menampilkan kejahatan Armenia melawan Muslim diterbitkan, seperti yang satu ini.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Pada Mei 1915, Rusia, Inggris, dan Prancis mengeluarkan <a href="/wiki/Deklarasi_Entente_Tiga_Mei_1915" title="Deklarasi Entente Tiga Mei 1915">komunike diplomatik</a> bersama kepada <a href="/wiki/Pemerintahan_Kekaisaran_(Kekaisaran_Utsmaniyah)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pemerintahan Kekaisaran (Kekaisaran Utsmaniyah)">pemerintah Utsmaniyah</a> yang mengutuk "<a href="/wiki/Kejahatan_melawan_kemanusiaan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kejahatan melawan kemanusiaan">kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan</a>" Utsmaniyah dan mengancam bahwa pejabat Utsmaniyah yang terbukti bersalah akan dimintai pertanggungjawaban.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChorbajian2016170_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChorbajian2016170-56"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Namun, pemerintahan Utsmaniyah menyangkal bahwa telah terjadi pembantaian orang-orang Armenia, dan mengklaim bahwa orang-orang Armenia telah berkolusi dengan musuh. Mereka berargumen bahwa kedaulatan nasional memungkinkan mereka untuk mengambil tindakan terhadap orang-orang Armenia. Mereka juga menuduh bahwa orang-orang Armenia telah membantai Muslim dan menuduh Sekutu melakukan kejahatan perang.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChorbajian2016171–172_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChorbajian2016171–172-57"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pada awal 1916, pemerintah Utsmaniyah menerbitkan sebuah karya dua jilid berjudul <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Armenian_Aspirations_and_Revolutionary_Movements&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="The Armenian Aspirations and Revolutionary Movements (halaman belum tersedia)">The Armenian Aspirations and Revolutionary Movements</a></i>, yang menyangkal bahwa negara tersebut telah berniat untuk memusnahkan bangsa Armenia.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada saat itu, pernyataan ini tidak dipercaya secara luas oleh dunia internasional.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHovannisian2015229_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHovannisian2015229-59"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Namun, beberapa Muslim, yang sebelumnya merasa malu dengan kejahatan yang dilakukan terhadap orang-orang Armenia, mengubah pandangan mereka sebagai akibat dari propaganda tentang kekejaman yang dituduh dilakukan oleh orang-orang Armenia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGöçek2015248–249_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGöçek2015248–249-60"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Tema-tema penyangkalan genosida yang muncul pada masa perang, kemudian didaur ulang dalam penyangkalan genosida oleh Turki.<sup id="cite_ref-Mamigonian61_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mamigonian61-53"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHovannisian2015229_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHovannisian2015229-59"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gerakan_nasionalis_Turki">Gerakan nasionalis Turki</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyangkalan_genosida_Armenia&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Gerakan nasionalis Turki" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyangkalan_genosida_Armenia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Gerakan nasionalis Turki"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Genosida Armenia sendiri memainkan peran penting dalam kehancuran Kekaisaran Ottoman dan berdirinya Republik Turki.<sup id="cite_ref-foundational_violence_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-foundational_violence-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Penghancuran kelas menengah Kristen, dan redistribusi properti mereka, memungkinkan terciptanya borjuasi Muslim/Turki yang baru.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKévorkian2011810_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKévorkian2011810-61"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkçam2012361–362_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkçam2012361–362-62"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvedian2012813_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvedian2012813-63"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Terdapat kesinambungan yang signifikan antara Kekaisaran Ottoman dan Republik Turki, dan <a href="/wiki/Partai_Rakyat_Republik" title="Partai Rakyat Republik">Partai Rakyat Republik</a> merupakan penerus Komite Persatuan dan Kemajuan yang melakukan genosida.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Zurcher308_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zurcher308-65"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Gerakan_Nasional_Turki" title="Gerakan Nasional Turki">Gerakan Nasionalis Turki</a> bergantung pada dukungan dari mereka yang telah melakukan genosida atau memperkaya diri mereka sendiri dari genosida tersebut, sehingga menciptakan insentif untuk bungkam.<sup id="cite_ref-Zurcher316_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zurcher316-66"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Penyangkalan dan minimalisasi kekejaman masa perang sangat penting bagi pembentukan konsensus nasionalis Turki.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKieser2018385–386_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKieser2018385–386-68"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Setelah genosida, banyak orang yang selamat mencari sebuah negara Armenia di Anatolia timur; peperangan antara nasionalis Turki dan Armenia berlangsung sengit, dengan kekejaman yang dilakukan oleh kedua belah pihak. Tuntutan politik di kemudian hari dan pembunuhan warga Muslim oleh Armenia sering kali digunakan untuk membenarkan genosida 1915.<sup id="cite_ref-Ekm7_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ekm7-69"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUlgen2010376–377_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUlgen2010376–377-70"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Perjanjian_S%C3%A8vres" class="mw-redirect" title="Perjanjian Sèvres">Perjanjian Sèvres</a> memberikan wilayah yang luas kepada Armenia di Anatolia timur, tetapi ketentuan ini tidak pernah diimplementasikan karena <a href="/wiki/Perang_Turki-Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Perang Turki-Armenia">invasi Turki ke Armenia</a> pada tahun 1920.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuny2015340–341_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESuny2015340–341-71"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBloxham2005101–102_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBloxham2005101–102-72"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>Pasukan Turki melakukan pembantaian terhadap orang-orang Armenia yang selamat di <a href="/wiki/Kilikia" title="Kilikia">Cilicia</a> dan membunuh sekitar 200.000 orang Armenia setelah invasi ke Kaukasus dan <a href="/wiki/Republik_Armenia_(1918-1920)" title="Republik Armenia (1918-1920)">Republik Armenia Pertama</a>; oleh karena itu, sejarawan <a href="/wiki/Daftar_tokoh_Armenia" title="Daftar tokoh Armenia">Rouben Paul Adalian</a> mengatakan bahwa "<a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Mustafa Kemal</a> [pemimpin gerakan nasionalis Turki] menyelesaikan apa yang telah dimulai oleh Talaat dan Enver pada tahun 1915."<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvedian2012818_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvedian2012818-74"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKieser2018319–320_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKieser2018319–320-75"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pemerintah Ottoman di Konstantinopel <a href="/wiki/Pengadilan_Istanbul_1919%E2%80%931920" title="Pengadilan Istanbul 1919–1920">mengadakan pengadilan militer</a> terhadap beberapa pelaku pada tahun 1919 untuk menenangkan kekuatan Barat. Meski begitu, bukti-bukti disabotase, dan banyak pelaku yang terdorong untuk melarikan diri ke pedalaman. Realitas pembunuhan massal yang disponsori negara tidak dapat disangkal, tetapi banyak kalangan masyarakat yang menganggapnya perlu dan dibenarkan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKévorkian2011810–811_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKévorkian2011810–811-76"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGöçek201145–46_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGöçek201145–46-77"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Seperti yang dinyatakan dalam laporan <a href="/wiki/Kantor_Luar_Negeri,_Persemakmuran,_dan_Pembangunan" title="Kantor Luar Negeri, Persemakmuran, dan Pembangunan">Kantor Luar Negeri Britania Raya</a>, "tidak satu pun dari seribu orang Turki yang bisa membayangkan bahwa ada orang Turki yang pantas digantung karena membunuh orang Kristen."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvedian2012816_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvedian2012816-78"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Kemal berulang kali menuduh orang-orang Armenia merencanakan pemusnahan Muslim di Anatolia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUlgen2010378–380_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUlgen2010378–380-79"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Dia membandingkan "orang Armenia yang suka membunuh" dengan orang Turki, yang digambarkan sebagai bangsa yang sama sekali tidak bersalah dan tertindas.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUlgen2010371_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUlgen2010371-80"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada tahun 1919, Kemal membela kebijakan pemerintah Utsmaniyah terhadap orang-orang Kristen, dengan mengatakan, "Apa pun yang telah menimpa elemen-elemen non-Muslim yang tinggal di negara kita, adalah hasil dari kebijakan separatisme yang mereka kejar dengan cara yang biadab, ketika mereka membiarkan diri mereka dijadikan alat intrik asing dan menyalahgunakan hak-hak istimewa mereka."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaer202079_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaer202079-81"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZürcher2011312_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZürcher2011312-82"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Di_Turki">Di Turki</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyangkalan_genosida_Armenia&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Di Turki" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyangkalan_genosida_Armenia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Di Turki"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Penyebab">Penyebab</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyangkalan_genosida_Armenia&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Penyebab" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyangkalan_genosida_Armenia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Penyebab"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Talaat_Pasha_grave.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Talaat_Pasha_grave.jpg/180px-Talaat_Pasha_grave.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Talaat_Pasha_grave.jpg/270px-Talaat_Pasha_grave.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Talaat_Pasha_grave.jpg/360px-Talaat_Pasha_grave.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Talat_Pasha" class="mw-redirect" title="Talat Pasha">Talat Pasha</a>, dalang genosida, dikebumikan pada 1943 di <a href="/wiki/Monumen_Kebebasan,_Istanbul" title="Monumen Kebebasan, Istanbul">Monumen Kebebasan, Istanbul</a> sebagai pahlawan nasional.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKieser2018419_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKieser2018419-83"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGöçek2015267_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGöçek2015267-84"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Sejarawan <a href="/wiki/Erik-Jan_Z%C3%BCrcher" class="mw-redirect" title="Erik-Jan Zürcher">Erik-Jan Zürcher</a> berpendapat bahwa, semenjak gerakan nasionalis Turki bergantung pada dukungan koalisi besar dari para pihak yang mendapatkan keuntungan dari genosida tersebut, tidak mungkin gerakan tersebut lekang dengan masa lalu.<sup id="cite_ref-Zurcher316_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zurcher316-66"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Semenjak pembentukan republik, genosida tersebut dipandang sebagai keharusan dan <i><a href="/wiki/Raison_d%27%C3%A9tat" class="mw-redirect" title="Raison d&#39;état">raison d'état</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAybak201614_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAybak201614-85"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkçam2012xi_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkçam2012xi-86"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Kebanyakan pelaku utama, terutama Talat Pasha, dihormati sebagai pahlawan nasional Turki. Banyak sekolah, jalan raya dan masjid masih mengambil nama dari mereka.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Orang-orang yang didakwa dan dihukum mati oleh pengadilan pada masa setelah perang atas kejahatan melawan orang-orang Armenia, seperti <a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Kemal" class="mw-redirect" title="Mehmet Kemal">Mehmet Kemal</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Behramzade_Nusret" class="mw-redirect" title="Behramzade Nusret">Behramzade Nusret</a>, dihormati sebagai <a href="/wiki/Syuhada" class="mw-redirect" title="Syuhada">syuhada</a> nasional yang mulia dan para keluarga mereka dianugerahi oleh negara dengan barang-barang Armenia yang disita.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvedian2012816_78-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvedian2012816-78"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKévorkian2011811_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKévorkian2011811-88"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Sejarawan Turki <a href="/wiki/Taner_Ak%C3%A7am" title="Taner Akçam">Taner Akçam</a> menyatakan bahwa, "Tidak mudah bagi suatu bangsa untuk menyebut para bapak bangsanya sebagai pembunuh dan pencuri."<sup id="cite_ref-Arango_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arango-89"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Kieser dan sejarawan lain berpendapat bahwa "alasan tunggal paling utama dari ketidakmampuan untuk menerima kekejaman adalah keutamaan pembantaian Armenia untuk pendirian negara-bangsa Turki."<sup id="cite_ref-foundational_violence_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-foundational_violence-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Sejarawan Turki <a href="/wiki/Do%C4%9Fan_G%C3%BCrp%C4%B1nar" title="Doğan Gürpınar">Doğan Gürpınar</a> berkata bahwa pengakuan genosida akan berujung pada pertanyaan terhadap dugaan mendasar dari negara-bangsa Turki.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGürpınar2013420_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGürpınar2013420-90"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Satu faktor dalam menjelaskan penyangkalan adalah <a href="/wiki/Sindrom_S%C3%A8vres" title="Sindrom Sèvres">Sindrom Sèvres</a>, sebuah keyakinan populer bahwa Turki dikepung oleh para musuh bebuyutan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBilali201329_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBilali201329-91"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon2010b106_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon2010b106-92"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Meskipun kecil kemungkinannya bahwa pengakuan akan berujung pada perubahan wilayah apapun, banyak pejabat Turki meyakini bahwa pengakuan genosida adalah bagian dari rencana untuk mempartisi Turki atau menuntut <a href="/wiki/Ganti_rugi_genosida_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ganti rugi genosida Armenia">ganti rugi</a> lainnya.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon2010b107_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon2010b107-93"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkçam2012xii_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkçam2012xii-94"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvedian2012799_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvedian2012799-95"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pengakuan genosida dianggap oleh negara sebagai ancaman terhadap <a href="/wiki/Keamanan_nasional" title="Keamanan nasional">keamanan nasional</a> Turki, dan orang-orang Turki yang melakukannya dipandang sebagai pengkhianat.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkçam2012xi._&quot;_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkçam2012xi._&quot;-96"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGürpınar2016224–225_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGürpınar2016224–225-97"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada kerja lapangan di sebuah desa Anatolia pada 1980-an, antropolog <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Pedagogical_State&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="The Pedagogical State (halaman belum tersedia)">Sam Kaplan</a> menemukan bahwa "kekhawatiran besar bahwa orang-orang Armenia akan kembali&#160;... dan merebut kembali tanah-tanah mereka masih mencengkeram khayalan orang-orang lokal".<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Penghancuran_dan_penghilangan_barang_bukti">Penghancuran dan penghilangan barang bukti</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyangkalan_genosida_Armenia&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Penghancuran dan penghilangan barang bukti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyangkalan_genosida_Armenia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Penghancuran dan penghilangan barang bukti"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sebuah maklumat pemerintah Utsmaniyah melarang warga asing dari pengambilan foto-foto para pengungsi Armenia atau jasad yang tergeletak di sisi-sisi jalan tempat pawai kematian dilakukan. Para pelanggar diancam dengan penangkapan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkçam2018157_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkçam2018157-99"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Hukum penyensoran yang diberlakukan secara ketat mencegah para penyintas Armenia dari menerbitkan memoar, melarang "penerbitan apapun yang tidak sesuai dengan kebijakan umum negara".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDemirdjian201813_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDemirdjian201813-100"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZürcher2011316_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZürcher2011316-101"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Orang-orang yang mengakui genosida tersebut didakwa dengan hukum melawan "<a href="/wiki/Penghinaan_orang_Turki" class="mw-redirect" title="Penghinaan orang Turki">penghinaan terhadap ke-Turki-an</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkçam2012xii_94-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkçam2012xii-94"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Talat Pasha mendekritkan bahwa "setiap hal harus dilakukan untuk meniadakan kata 'Armenia' di Turki".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChorbajian2016173_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChorbajian2016173-102"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Di Republik Turki pada masa setelah perang, <a href="/wiki/Warisan_budaya_Armenia_di_Turki" class="mw-redirect" title="Warisan budaya Armenia di Turki">warisan budaya Armenia</a> telah menjadi bahan penghancuran sistematis dalam upaya menghapus keberadaan Armenia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECheterian201565_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECheterian201565-103"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChorbajian2016173_102-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChorbajian2016173-102"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada 5&#160;Januari 1916, Enver Pasha memerintahkan agar segala tempat yang berasal dari nama Yunani, Armenia, atau Bulgaria diubah, sebuah kebijakan <a href="/wiki/Pengubahan_nama_geografi_di_Turki" class="mw-redirect" title="Pengubahan nama geografi di Turki">yang sepenuhnya diimplementasikan di republik tersebut pada masa berikutnya</a>, sampai pada 1980-an.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pemakaman_massal" class="mw-redirect" title="Pemakaman massal">Pemakaman massal</a> korban genosida dihancurkan, meskipun banyak yang masih berdiri.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEÜngör2014165–166_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEÜngör2014165–166-105"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Setelah <a href="/wiki/Gencatan_senjata_Mudros" class="mw-redirect" title="Gencatan senjata Mudros">gencatan senjata tahun 1918</a>, dokumen-dokumen yang tidak diinginkan dalam arsip-arsip Utsmaniyah dihancurkan secara sistematis.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Waal201554_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Waal201554-106"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Catatan pengadilan militer pada masa setelah perang di Konstantinopel juga dihilangkan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkçam20126_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkçam20126-107"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkçam20188_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkçam20188-108"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Mengakui bahwa beberapa dokumen arsip mendukung posisinya, pemerintah Turki mengumumkan bahwa arsip-arsip yang sejalan dengan "permasalahan Armenia" akan dibuka pada 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon2010a473_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon2010a473-109"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Menurut sejarawan Turki <a href="/wiki/Halil_Berktay" class="mw-redirect" title="Halil Berktay">Halil Berktay</a>, diplomat <a href="/wiki/Nuri_Birgi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuri Birgi">Nuri Birgi</a> melakukan pembersihan arsip kedua pada masa itu.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECheterian2018a205_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECheterian2018a205-110"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Arsip-arsip resmi dibuka pada 1989,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon2010a473_109-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon2010a473-109"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> namun dalam penerapannya, beberapa arsip masih tersegel, dan akses ke arsip lain dibatasi pada para cendekiawan yang sepemahaman dengan penjelasan resmi Turki.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAuron2003259_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAuron2003259-111"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon2010a473–474_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon2010a473–474-112"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historiografi_Turki">Historiografi Turki</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyangkalan_genosida_Armenia&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Sunting bagian: Historiografi Turki" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyangkalan_genosida_Armenia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Historiografi Turki"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ketika <a href="/wiki/Nutuk" title="Nutuk">Mustafa Kemal berpidato pada tahun 1927</a>, yang merupakan fondasi dari <a href="/wiki/Historiografi_Kemalis" title="Historiografi Kemalis">historiografi Kemalis</a>, taktik pembungkaman dan penyangkalan dilakukan untuk menangani kekerasan terhadap orang-orang Armenia. Dalam pidato lainnya, ia menghadirkan Turki sebagai pihak yang bersih dari segala tindakan yang salah dan sebagai korban kejahatan Armenia yang mengerikan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaer202082_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaer202082-113"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGöçek201143–44_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGöçek201143–44-114"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUlgen2010384–386,_390_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUlgen2010384–386,_390-115"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Selama beberapa dasawarsa, historiografi Turki mengabaikan genosida Armenia. Salah satu pengecualian awal adalah pelaku genosida <a href="/wiki/Esat_Uras" class="mw-redirect" title="Esat Uras">Esat Uras</a> yang menerbitkan <i>The Armenians in History and the Armenian Question</i> pada 1950. Buku Uras, yang kemungkinan ditulis dalam menanggapi klaim-klaim wilayah Soviet setelah Perang Dunia&#160;II, adalah novel sintetis dari argumen-argumen sebelumnya yang diberikan oleh Komite Persatuan dan Kemajuan pada masa perang, dan menghubungkan penyangkalan masa perang dengan "penjelasan resmi" mengenai genosida tersebut yang berkembang pada 1980-an.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMamigonian201563_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMamigonian201563-116"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGürpınar2016219–220_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGürpınar2016219–220-117"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Trends_in_official_and_quasi-official_publications_on_the_Armenian_question,_1950%E2%80%932005.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Trends_in_official_and_quasi-official_publications_on_the_Armenian_question%2C_1950%E2%80%932005.jpg/306px-Trends_in_official_and_quasi-official_publications_on_the_Armenian_question%2C_1950%E2%80%932005.jpg" decoding="async" width="306" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Trends_in_official_and_quasi-official_publications_on_the_Armenian_question%2C_1950%E2%80%932005.jpg/458px-Trends_in_official_and_quasi-official_publications_on_the_Armenian_question%2C_1950%E2%80%932005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Trends_in_official_and_quasi-official_publications_on_the_Armenian_question%2C_1950%E2%80%932005.jpg/611px-Trends_in_official_and_quasi-official_publications_on_the_Armenian_question%2C_1950%E2%80%932005.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1346" data-file-height="1462" /></a><figcaption>Jumlah terbitan resmi dan semi-resmi tentang "permasalahan Armenia"</figcaption></figure> <p>Pada 1980-an, menyusul upaya Armenia agar genosida mendapat pengakuan dan <a href="/wiki/Daftar_diplomat_Turki_yang_dibunuh_oleh_organisasi_militan_Armenia" title="Daftar diplomat Turki yang dibunuh oleh organisasi militan Armenia">gelombang pembunuhan oleh para militan Armenia</a>, Turki mulai menyatakan penjelasan resmi dari "permasalahan Armenia", yang membingkainya sebagai masalah terorisme kontemporer alih-alih genosida masa lalu. Para pensiunan diplomat direkrut untuk menulis karya-karya denialis, yang diselesaikan tanpa metodologi profesional atau standar etika, dan berdasarkan pada informasi arsip terpilah sesuai dengan Turki dan berseberangan dengan Armenia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaer2020116–117_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaer2020116–117-118"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGöçek201144_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGöçek201144-119"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBayraktar2015802_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBayraktar2015802-120"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Dewan_Perguruan_Tinggi_(Turki)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dewan Perguruan Tinggi (Turki)">Dewan Perguruan Tinggi</a> dibentuk pada 1981 oleh <a href="/wiki/Kudeta_Turki_1980" title="Kudeta Turki 1980">junta militer Turki</a>, dan telah berperan penting dalam mengukuhkan "pembelajaran 'nasional' alternatif dengan sistem rujukannya sendiri", menurut Gürpınar.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGürpınar2013423_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGürpınar2013423-121"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon2010a473_109-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon2010a473-109"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Di samping penelitian akademik, <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrkkaya_Ata%C3%B6v" class="mw-redirect" title="Türkkaya Ataöv">Türkkaya Ataöv</a> mengajarkan perkuliahan universitas pertama tentang "permasalahan Armenia" pada 1983.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon2010a473_109-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon2010a473-109"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada abad ke-21, <a href="/wiki/Perhimpunan_Sejarah_Turki" title="Perhimpunan Sejarah Turki">Perhimpunan Sejarah Turki</a>, yang dikenal karena publikasi-publikasi yang menegakkan pandangan resmi pemerintah Turki, menjadikan perlawanan klaim-klaim genosida sebagai salah satu fungsi utamanya.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGalip2020153_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGalip2020153-122"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGürpınar2013421_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGürpınar2013421-123"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGöçek2015293_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGöçek2015293-124"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pada sekitar tahun 1990, <a href="/wiki/Taner_Ak%C3%A7am" title="Taner Akçam">Taner Akçam</a>, yang bekerja di Jerman, menjadi sejarawan Turki pertama yang mengakui dan mempelajari genosida tersebut.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada 1990-an, universitas-universitas swasta mulai didirikan di Turki, yang diizinkan menantang pandangan yang didukung negara.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGöçek2015468_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGöçek2015468-126"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada 2005, para akademisi di tiga universitas Turki mengadakan <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Armenians_During_the_Decline_of_the_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Armenians During the Decline of the Empire">sebuah konferensi akademik yang membahas tentang genosida</a>. Dijadwalkan untuk diadakan pada Mei 2005, konferensi tersebut tertunda menyusul kampanye intimidasi, namun kemudian diadakan pada bulan September.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuny2009942_127-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESuny2009942-127"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBayraktar2015804–805_128-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBayraktar2015804–805-128"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGürpınar2013419–420_129-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGürpınar2013419–420-129"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Konferensi tersebut mengajukan tantangan besar pertama terhadap mitos pendirian Turki dalam diskursus publik di negara tersebut<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGürpınar2013419–420_129-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGürpınar2013419–420-129"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> dan menghasilkan pembuatan historiografi non-denialis alternatif oleh para akademisi elit di Istanbul dan Ankara, sebanding dengan historiografi denialis saat ini.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGürpınar2013420,_422,_424_130-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGürpınar2013420,_422,_424-130"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErbal2015786–787_131-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEErbal2015786–787-131"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Para akademisi Turki yang menerima dan mempelajari genosida tersebut pada kenyataannya menerima ancaman kematian dan dakwaan karena menghina ke-Turki-an.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Waal2015182_132-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Waal2015182-132"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Para cendekiawan Barat umumnya mengabaikan historiografi denialis Turki karena mereka menganggap metodenya tidak ilmiah—khususnya dalam pemakaian sumber selektif.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGöçek20152._&quot;_134-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGöçek20152._&quot;-134"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErbal2015786_135-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEErbal2015786-135"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pendidikan">Pendidikan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyangkalan_genosida_Armenia&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10" title="Sunting bagian: Pendidikan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyangkalan_genosida_Armenia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pendidikan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Baik negeri maupun swasta, sekolah-sekolah Turki diwajibkan memakai buku-buku pelajaran sejarah yang disetujui oleh <a href="/wiki/Kementerian_Pendidikan_(Turki)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kementerian Pendidikan (Turki)">Kementerian Pendidikan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEkmekçioğlu2016xii_136-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEkmekçioğlu2016xii-136"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGöçek201563–64_137-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGöçek201563–64-137"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Negara menggunakan monopoli ini untuk meningkatkan dukungan untuk posisi denialis resmi,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGöçek201563–64_137-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGöçek201563–64-137"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon2010b105_140-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon2010b105-140"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> menyudutkan orang-orang Armenia dan menggambarkan mereka sebagai musuh.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAybak201613_141-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAybak201613-141"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGalip2020186._&quot;_142-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGalip2020186._&quot;-142"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Selama beberapa dasawarsa, buku-buku pelajaran tersebut tidak menyebutkan orang-orang Armenia sebagai bagian dari sejarah Utsmaniyah.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECheterian201564_143-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECheterian201564-143"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGürpınar2016234_144-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGürpınar2016234-144"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon2010b104_145-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon2010b104-145"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Sejak 1980-an, buku-buku pelajaran membahas "peristiwa tahun 1915", namun mengalihkan kesalahan dari pemerintahan Utsmaniyah ke pihak lain. Mereka menuduh kekuatan-kekuatan imperialis telah menghasut orang-orang Armenia mengacaukan kekaisaran, dan menuduh bahwa orang-orang Armenia melakukan pengkhianatan atau menimbulkan ancaman. Beberapa buku pelajaran menyatakan bahwa deportasi tersebut terjadi dan orang-orang Armenia meninggal, namun menghadirkan tindakan tersebut sebagai keharusan dan dibenarkan. Sejak 2005, buku-buku pelajaran menuduh orang-orang Armenia mendalangi genosida melawan Muslim Turki.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGürpınar2016234_144-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGürpınar2016234-144"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon2010b104,_116–117_146-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon2010b104,_116–117-146"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBilali201319–20_147-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBilali201319–20-147"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada 2003, para murid dari setiap kelas ditugaskan untuk menulis esai yang menyangkali genosida tersebut.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon2010b115_148-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon2010b115-148"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Masyarakat">Masyarakat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyangkalan_genosida_Armenia&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11" title="Sunting bagian: Masyarakat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyangkalan_genosida_Armenia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Masyarakat"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:A_protest_against_Armenian_genocide_claims_in_Istanbul_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/A_protest_against_Armenian_genocide_claims_in_Istanbul_1.jpg/220px-A_protest_against_Armenian_genocide_claims_in_Istanbul_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/A_protest_against_Armenian_genocide_claims_in_Istanbul_1.jpg/330px-A_protest_against_Armenian_genocide_claims_in_Istanbul_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/A_protest_against_Armenian_genocide_claims_in_Istanbul_1.jpg/440px-A_protest_against_Armenian_genocide_claims_in_Istanbul_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5312" data-file-height="2988" /></a><figcaption>Sebuah unjuk rasa menentang <a href="/wiki/Pengakuan_genosida_Armenia" title="Pengakuan genosida Armenia">pengakuan genosida Armenia</a> pada <a href="/wiki/Peringatan_genosida_Armenia_ke-100" class="mw-redirect" title="Peringatan genosida Armenia ke-100">peringatan ke-100</a> di <a href="/wiki/Jalan_%C4%B0stiklal" title="Jalan İstiklal">Jalan İstiklal</a>, Istanbul</figcaption></figure> <p>Selama beberapa dasawarsa, genosida tersebut menjadi hal tabu dalam masyarakat Turki.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBilali201319_149-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBilali201319-149"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Göçek menyatakan bahwa interaksi antara negara dan masyarakat lah yang membuat penyangkalan menjadi sangat gigih.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGöçek20154,_10_150-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGöçek20154,_10-150"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Selain negara Turki, para intelektual dan masyarakat sipil Turki juga menyangkali genosida tersebut.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErbal201252_151-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEErbal201252-151"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Karya-karya fiksi Turki yang menyinggung genosida tersebut seringkali menyangkalinya, sambil mengklaim bahwa penjelasan fiksi tersebut berdasarkan pada kisah nyata.<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Mengingat banyak orang di Turki timur telah mewariskan ingatan dari peristiwa tersebut, pakar genosida <a href="/wiki/U%C4%9Fur_%C3%9Cmit_%C3%9Cng%C3%B6r" title="Uğur Ümit Üngör">Uğur Ümit Üngör</a> berkata bahwa "pemerintah Turki sedang menyangkal sebuah genosida yang diingat oleh penduduknya sendiri."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEÜngör2014147_153-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEÜngör2014147-153"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Negara Turki dan kebanyakan masyarakat juga bertindak bungkam terhadap penindasan dan pelanggaran hak asasi manusia terhadap etnis lain di Kekaisaran Utsmaniyah dan Republik Turki melawan orang-orang Yunani, <a href="/wiki/Sayfo" title="Sayfo">Asiria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orang_Kurdi_di_Turki" title="Orang Kurdi di Turki">Kurdi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yahudi-Turki" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahudi-Turki">Yahudi</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Alevi" title="Alevi">Alevi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChorbajian2016170_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChorbajian2016170-56"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGalip202095_154-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGalip202095-154"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErbal2015785_155-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEErbal2015785-155"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kebanyakan orang Turki mendukung kebijakan negara terkait penyangkalan genosida. Beberapa orang mengaku bahwa pembantaian terjadi namun memandangnya sebagai tindakan yang dibenarkan terhadap pengkhianatan orang Armenia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDemirelEriksson20209_156-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDemirelEriksson20209-156"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGöçek20151_157-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGöçek20151-157"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Kebanyakan orang masih menganggap orang-orang Armenia sebagai <a href="/wiki/Kolom_kelima" title="Kolom kelima">kolom kelima</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ekm7_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ekm7-69"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Menurut Halil Karaveli, "kata [genosida] menghasut reaksi yang emosional yang kuat di kalangan orang Turki dari sepanjang perjalanan masyarakat dan dari setiap kecenderungan ideologis".<sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Wartawan Armenia–Turki <a href="/wiki/Hrant_Dink" title="Hrant Dink">Hrant Dink</a> berbicara terbuka dalam dukungannya dalam menghadapi kebenaran sejarah untuk mencapai masyarakat yang lebih baik dan rekonsiliasi antar kelompok etnis. Ia didakwa karena menghina ke-Turki-an dan <a href="/wiki/Pembunuhan_Hrant_Dink" title="Pembunuhan Hrant Dink">dibunuh pada 2007</a> oleh seorang ultranasionalis Turki.<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada 2013, sebuah kajian yang mengambil sampel para mahasiswa Turki di Amerika Serikat menemukan bahwa 65% sepakat dengan pandangan resmi bahwa kematian orang-orang Armenia terjadi akibat "perang antar-komunal" dan 10% lainnya menyalahkan orang-orang Armenia yang menyebabkan kekerasan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBilali201325,_28_161-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBilali201325,_28-161"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Sebuah survei tahun 2014 menemukan bahwa hanya 9% warga Turki yang berpikir bahwa pemerintah mereka harus mengakui genosida tersebut.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDemirelEriksson202011_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDemirelEriksson202011-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Kebanyakan orang meyakini bahwa pengakuan semacam itu diberlakukan oleh orang-orang Armenia dan kekuatan asing tanpa ada manfaatnya bagi Turki.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGöçek2015477_162-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGöçek2015477-162"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Kebanyakan orang Kurdi, yang juga mengalami penindasan politik di Turki, <a href="/wiki/Pengakuan_Kurdi_terhadap_genosida_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Pengakuan Kurdi terhadap genosida Armenia">mengakui dan mengecam genosida tersebut</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECheterian2015273–275_163-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECheterian2015273–275-163"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGalip2020162–163_164-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGalip2020162–163-164"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politik">Politik</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyangkalan_genosida_Armenia&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=12" title="Sunting bagian: Politik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyangkalan_genosida_Armenia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Politik"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Partai_Keadilan_dan_Pembangunan_(Turki)" class="mw-redirect" title="Partai Keadilan dan Pembangunan (Turki)">Partai Keadilan dan Pembangunan</a> (AKP) yang beraliran konservatif Islam berkuasa pada 2002<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGalip202060_165-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGalip202060-165"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECheterian2018a203–204_166-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECheterian2018a203–204-166"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> dan memegang pandangan sejarah yang mengkritik Komite Persatuan dan Pembangunan dan <a href="/wiki/Masa_satu_partai_di_Republik_Turki" class="mw-redirect" title="Masa satu partai di Republik Turki">era Republik awal</a>. Posisi tersebut awalnya berujung pada beberapa liberalisasi dan persebaran pandangan yang lebih luas yang dapat dinyatakan di ruang terbuka. AKP menyatakan pendekatannya terhadap "peristiwa tahun 1915" sebagai alternatif untuk penyangkalan genosida dan pengakuan genosida, dengan menyatakan penderitaan bersama.<sup id="cite_ref-Gurp425_167-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gurp425-167"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Sepanjang waktu, dan khususnya sejak <a href="/wiki/Kudeta_Turki_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="Kudeta Turki 2016">kudeta gagal tahun 2016</a>, pemerintahan AKP menjadi makin otoriter. Penindasan politik dan penyensoran menjadikan orang-orang makin sulit untuk membahas topik-topik kontroversial seperti genosida Armenia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGalip202060–61,_84_169-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGalip202060–61,_84-169"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Hingga 2020<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Penyangkalan_genosida_Armenia&amp;action=edit">&#91;update&#93;</a></sup>, seluruh partai politik besar di Turki, kecuali <a href="/wiki/Partai_Demokratik_Rakyat_(Turki)" class="mw-redirect" title="Partai Demokratik Rakyat (Turki)">Partai Demokratik Rakyat</a> (HDP) yang pro-Kurdi, serta sejumlah besar media dan organisasi perhimpunan sipil pro- dan anti-pemerintahan, mendukung penyangkalan. Pihak pemerintah maupun oposisi sama-sama sangat menentang pengakuan genosida di negara-negara lain.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGalip202087,_163_170-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGalip202087,_163-170"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Tidak ada anggota pemerintah Turki yang menganggap apa yang terjadi pada orang-orang Armenia sebagai kejahatan, apalagi genosida.<sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-171"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkçam2008121_172-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkçam2008121-172"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECheterian2015305_173-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECheterian2015305-173"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada 24 April 2019, perdana menteri <a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a> bercuit, "Pemindahan geng-geng Armenia dan para pendukung mereka<span class="nowrap">&#160;</span>... merupakan tindakan paling masuk akal yang dapat dilakukan pada periode semacam itu".<sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-174"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hubungan_luar_negeri_Turki">Hubungan luar negeri Turki</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyangkalan_genosida_Armenia&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=13" title="Sunting bagian: Hubungan luar negeri Turki" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyangkalan_genosida_Armenia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Hubungan luar negeri Turki"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Pengakuan_genosida_Armenia" title="Pengakuan genosida Armenia">Pengakuan genosida Armenia</a></div> <p>Turki berupaya untuk menyatakan penyangkalan genosidanya di luar negeri semenjak 1920-an,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMamigonian201562_175-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMamigonian201562-175"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChorbajian2016174_176-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChorbajian2016174-176"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> atau, dengan kata lain, sejak genosida itu sendiri.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBloxham2005208_177-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBloxham2005208-177"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIhrig2016163–164_178-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIhrig2016163–164-178"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Upaya seabad Turki untuk menyangkal genosida Armenia membuat genosida tersebut berbeda dari genosida lain dalam sejarah. Menurut pakar genosida Roger W. Smith, "Tidak ada contoh lain di mana pemerintah melakukan tindakan ekstrem seperti itu untuk menyangkal bahwa sebuah genosida yang masif telah terjadi."<sup id="cite_ref-unique_denial_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unique_denial-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> posisi strategis negara tersebut di Timur Tengah, aliansi <a href="/wiki/Perang_Dingin" title="Perang Dingin">Perang Dingin</a> dengan Barat, dan keanggotaan <a href="/wiki/NATO" class="mw-redirect" title="NATO">NATO</a> adalah hal yang utama bagi kemampuan Turki untuk menyangkali genosida tersebut dan mengecam pengakuannya.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith20156_179-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith20156-179"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBen_Aharon2019345_180-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBen_Aharon2019345-180"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Para sejarawan menggambarkan peran negara lain dalam memperbolehkan penyangkalan genosida oleh Turki sebagai sebuah bentuk dari kolusi.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvedian201380_181-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvedian201380-181"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBloxham2005207_182-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBloxham2005207-182"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECheterian2018a207_183-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECheterian2018a207-183"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pada <a href="/wiki/Konferensi_Lausanne_1922%E2%80%931923" title="Konferensi Lausanne 1922–1923">Konferensi Lausanne 1922–1923</a>, para perwakilan Turki mengulang versi sejarah Armenia yang berkembang pada masa perang.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChorbajian2016172_184-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChorbajian2016172-184"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pengesahan <a href="/wiki/Traktat_Lausanne" class="mw-redirect" title="Traktat Lausanne">Traktat Lausanne</a> membatalkan Traktat Sèvres yang sebelumnya telah mewajibkan <a href="/wiki/Pendakwaan_para_penjahat_perang_Utsmaniyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Pendakwaan para penjahat perang Utsmaniyah">pendakwaan para penjahat perang Utsmaniyah</a> dan pengembalian harta benda terhadap para penyintas Kristen. Sebagai gantinya, Lausanne memberikan <a href="/wiki/Kekebalan" class="mw-disambig" title="Kekebalan">kekebalan</a> kepada seluruh pelaku.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvedian2012812–813_185-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvedian2012812–813-185"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-186" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-186"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Setelah <a href="/wiki/Kudeta_militer_Turki_1980" class="mw-redirect" title="Kudeta militer Turki 1980">kudeta militer Turki 1980</a>, Turki mengembangkan cara melawan klaim-klaim genosida yang lebih terinstitusionalisasi. Pada 1981, Kemenlu mendirikan sebuah dinas terdedikasi (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0stihbarat_ve_Ara%C5%9Ft%C4%B1rma_Genel_M%C3%BCd%C3%BCrl%C3%BC%C4%9F%C3%BC&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="İstihbarat ve Araştırma Genel Müdürlüğü (halaman belum tersedia)">İAGM</a>) yang secara khusus mempromosikan pandangan Turki terhadap genosida Armenia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon2010a470–471_187-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon2010a470–471-187"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada 2001, sentralisasi lebih lanjut menciptakan <a href="/wiki/Komite_Mengkoordinasi_Perjuangan_terhadap_Klaim-klaim_Genosida_Tak_Berdasar" class="mw-redirect" title="Komite Mengkoordinasi Perjuangan terhadap Klaim-klaim Genosida Tak Berdasar">Komite Mengkoordinasi Perjuangan terhadap Klaim-klaim Genosida Tak Berdasar</a> (ASİMKK). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Institut_Riset_Armenia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Institut Riset Armenia (halaman belum tersedia)">Institut Riset Armenia</a>, sebuah <a href="/wiki/Wadah_pemikir" title="Wadah pemikir">wadah pemikir</a> yang secara khusus menyoroti masalah Armenia, dibentuk pada 2001 menyusul pengakuan Parlemen Prancis terhadap genosida tersebut.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon2010a477–478_188-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon2010a477–478-188"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>188<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> ASİMKK dibubarkan setelah <a href="/wiki/Referendum_konstitusional_Turki_2017" class="mw-redirect" title="Referendum konstitusional Turki 2017">referendum konstitusional Turki 2017</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-civilnet_189-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-civilnet-189"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>189<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Menurut sosiolog <a href="/wiki/Levon_Chorbajian" title="Levon Chorbajian">Levon Chorbajian</a>, Turki memiliki "<a href="/wiki/Modus_operandi" title="Modus operandi">modus operandi</a> yang masih sepenuhnya konsisten dan memperjuangkan pendirian maksimalis, tanpa menawarkan kompromi meskipun terkadang mengisyaratkannya, dan melakukan intimidasi dan ancaman."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChorbajian2016178_190-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChorbajian2016178-190"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>190<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith20156_179-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith20156-179"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Termotivasi oleh <a href="/wiki/Konspirasi_Yahudi_internasional" class="mw-redirect" title="Konspirasi Yahudi internasional">kepercayaan akan konspirasi Yahudi global</a>, Kemenlu Turki merekrut orang-orang Yahudi Turki untuk ikut serta dalam upaya denialis. Para pemimpin Yahudi Turki membantu mengurungkan resolusi-resolusi yang mengakui genosida tersebut, dan menghindarkan penyebutannya di konferensi-konferensi akademik dan museum-<a href="/wiki/Museum_Holokaus" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum Holokaus">museum Holokaus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaer202021,_145_191-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaer202021,_145-191"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>191<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Hingga 2015<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Penyangkalan_genosida_Armenia&amp;action=edit">&#91;update&#93;</a></sup>, Turki mengeluarkan jutaan dolar setiap tahun untuk melakukan lobi melawan pengakuan genosida tersebut.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGöçek20152_192-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGöçek20152-192"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>192<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada 2020, Akçam berkata bahwa Turki sepenuhnya kalah dalam perang informasi atas genosida Armenia pada ranah akademik dan diplomatik. Penjelasan resminya diperlakukan seperti <a href="/wiki/Denialisme" title="Denialisme">denialisme</a> biasa.<sup id="cite_ref-civilnet_189-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-civilnet-189"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>189<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jerman">Jerman</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyangkalan_genosida_Armenia&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=14" title="Sunting bagian: Jerman" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyangkalan_genosida_Armenia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Jerman"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Jerman_dan_genosida_Armenia" title="Jerman dan genosida Armenia">Jerman dan genosida Armenia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Ein_Zeugnis_f%C3%BCr_Talaat_Pasha.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Ein_Zeugnis_f%C3%BCr_Talaat_Pasha.png/170px-Ein_Zeugnis_f%C3%BCr_Talaat_Pasha.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Ein_Zeugnis_f%C3%BCr_Talaat_Pasha.png/255px-Ein_Zeugnis_f%C3%BCr_Talaat_Pasha.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Ein_Zeugnis_f%C3%BCr_Talaat_Pasha.png/340px-Ein_Zeugnis_f%C3%BCr_Talaat_Pasha.png 2x" data-file-width="730" data-file-height="1289" /></a><figcaption>"Sebuah Upeti untuk Talaat Pasya" oleh jenderal Jerman <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Bronsart_von_Schellendorf" title="Fritz Bronsart von Schellendorf">Fritz Bronsart von Schellendorf</a>, diterbitkan dalam <i><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Allgemeine_Zeitung" title="Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung">Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung</a></i> pada 24 Juli 1921<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIhrig2016277–279_193-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIhrig2016277–279-193"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>193<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Dari 1915 sampai 1918, Jerman dan Kesultanan Utsmaniyah mengadakan "upaya propaganda penyangkalan bersama."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKieser201821_194-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKieser201821-194"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>194<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Surat-surat kabar Jerman berulang kali menyangkal bahwa pemerintahan Utsmaniyah melakukan kejahatan dan mengisahkan tuduhan pengkhianatan Armenia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIhrig2016185_195-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIhrig2016185-195"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>195<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnderson2011206_196-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnderson2011206-196"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Buku panduan penyensoran pemerintah mewajibkan pembatasan ketat terhadap pernyataan tentang orang-orang Armenia, meskipun hukuman bagi para pelanggarnya bersifat ringan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnderson2011206–207_197-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnderson2011206–207-197"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>197<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada 11&#160;Januari 1916, deputi sosialis <a href="/wiki/Karl_Liebknecht" title="Karl Liebknecht">Karl Liebknecht</a> menyatakan masalah genosida dalam <a href="/wiki/Reichstag_(Kekaisaran_Jerman)" class="mw-redirect" title="Reichstag (Kekaisaran Jerman)">Reichstag</a>, mendapatkan jawaban bahwa pemerintahan Utsmaniyah "telah terpaksa, karena intrik-intrik yang menghasut dari musuh-musuh kita, untuk memindahkan penduduk Armenia ke wilayah tertentu, dan menjadikannya tempat tinggal mereka yang baru." Pernyataan Liebknecht tersebut disambut dengan tertawaan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnderson2011210_198-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnderson2011210-198"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>198<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIhrig2016150–151_199-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIhrig2016150–151-199"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>199<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Dalam pengadilan tahun 1921 terhadap <a href="/wiki/Soghomon_Tehlirian" title="Soghomon Tehlirian">Soghomon Tehlirian</a> atas <a href="/wiki/Pembunuhan_Talat_Pasha" class="mw-redirect" title="Pembunuhan Talat Pasha">pembunuhan Talat Pasha</a>, sangat banyak bukti yang menyatakan bahwa penyangkalan tersebut tidak dapat dipertahankan. Golongan nasionalis Jerman kemudian menggambarkan apa yang mereka ketahui sebagai pemusnahan disengaja orang Armenia sebagai sesuatu yang dibenarkan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIhrig2016293_200-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIhrig2016293-200"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>200<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pada Maret 2006, kelompok-kelompok nasionalis Turki mengadakan dua kirab di Berlin yang ditujukan untuk memperingati "pembunuhan Talat Pasha" dan memprotes "kebohongan genosida." Para politikus Jerman mengkritik kirab tersebut, dan jumlah suaranya rendah.<sup id="cite_ref-201" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-201"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>201<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ketika <a href="/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag">Bundestag</a> memutuskan untuk mengakui genosida Armenia pada 2016, media Turki mengkritik keras resolusi tersebut dan sebelas deputi <a href="/wiki/Orang_Turki_di_Jerman" title="Orang Turki di Jerman">berdarah Turki</a> mendapatkan perlindungan polisi karena ancaman pembunuhan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGalip202097,_163_202-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGalip202097,_163-202"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>202<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Komunitas besar Turki di Jerman dikutip sebagai alasan mengapa pemerintah ragu-ragu<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBen_Aharon2019343_203-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBen_Aharon2019343-203"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>203<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> dan organisasi-organisasi Turki melakukan lobi menentang resolusi tersebut dan mengadakan unjuk rasa.<sup id="cite_ref-204" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-204"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>204<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Amerika_Serikat">Amerika Serikat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyangkalan_genosida_Armenia&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=15" title="Sunting bagian: Amerika Serikat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyangkalan_genosida_Armenia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Amerika Serikat"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sejarawan <a href="/wiki/Donald_Bloxham" title="Donald Bloxham">Donald Bloxham</a> menyatakan bahwa, "Dalam esensi paling nyata, 'penyangkalan genosida' diterima dan dilanjutkan oleh pemerintahan Amerika Serikat sebelum istilah genosida dicetuskan."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBloxham200644_205-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBloxham200644-205"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>205<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuciyan201585_206-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESuciyan201585-206"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>206<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Di Turki pada masa antar-perang, para diplomat Amerika Serikat berpengaruh seperti <a href="/wiki/Mark_L._Bristol" class="mw-redirect" title="Mark L. Bristol">Mark L. Bristol</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Grew" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Grew">Joseph Grew</a> memajukan pandangan golongan nasionalis Turki bahwa genosida Armenia adalah perang melawan unsur-unsur imperialisme.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuciyan201585_206-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESuciyan201585-206"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>206<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBloxham200641_207-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBloxham200641-207"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>207<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada 1922, sebelum menerima <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsesi_Chester&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsesi Chester (halaman belum tersedia)">konsesi Chester</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colby_Chester" class="mw-redirect" title="Colby Chester">Colby Chester</a> berargumen bahwa umat Kristen dari Anatolia tidak dibantai. Tulisannya menampilkan banyak tema dari penyangkalan genosida berikutnya.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChorbajian2016175_208-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChorbajian2016175-208"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>208<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBloxham200642_209-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBloxham200642-209"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>209<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada 1930an, kedubes Turki menghalangi rencana adaptasi film terhadap novel populer karangan <a href="/wiki/Franz_Werfel" title="Franz Werfel">Franz Werfel</a> berjudul <i><a href="/wiki/The_Forty_Days_of_Musa_Dagh" title="The Forty Days of Musa Dagh">The Forty Days of Musa Dagh</a></i> oleh perusahaan Amerika Serikat <a href="/wiki/MGM" class="mw-redirect" title="MGM">MGM</a>, dengan mengancam akan memboikot film-film Amerika. Kedubes Turki, dengan dukungan <a href="/wiki/Kementerian_Luar_Negeri_Amerika_Serikat" class="mw-redirect" title="Kementerian Luar Negeri Amerika Serikat">Kemenlu AS</a>, mengupayakan penurunan layar terhadap film tersebut pada 1950-an dan 1960-an.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBloxham200644_205-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBloxham200644-205"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>205<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChorbajian2016177–178_210-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChorbajian2016177–178-210"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>210<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Turki memulai lobi politik pada sekitar tahun 1975.<sup id="cite_ref-Mamigonian2013_211-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mamigonian2013-211"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>211<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%C5%9E%C3%BCkr%C3%BC_Elekda%C4%9F" title="Şükrü Elekdağ">Şükrü Elekdağ</a>, dubes Turki untuk AS dari 1979 sampai 1989, bekerja keras untuk melawan tren pengakuan genosida Armenia dengan memengaruhi para akademisi, kepentingan bisnis, dan kelompok Yahudi.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon2010a474_212-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon2010a474-212"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>212<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Para anggota komite <a href="/wiki/United_States_Holocaust_Memorial_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Holocaust Memorial Museum">United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</a> melaporkan Elekdağ berkata kepada mereka bahwa keselamatan orang Yahudi di Turki tidak terjamin jika museum tersebut menyoroti genosida Armenia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaer2020124_213-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaer2020124-213"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>213<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada masa penugasannya, <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Turkish_Studies" title="Institute of Turkish Studies">Institute of Turkish Studies</a> (ITS) dibentuk, didanai $3&#160;juta dari Turki, dan negara tersebut mengeluarkan $1&#160;juta setiap tahun untuk <a href="/wiki/Hubungan_masyarakat" title="Hubungan masyarakat">hubungan masyarakat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon2010a474_212-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon2010a474-212"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>212<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada 2000, Elekdağ mengeluhkan bahwa ITS telah "kehilangan fungsinya dan keefektifannya."<sup id="cite_ref-Mamigonian2013_211-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mamigonian2013-211"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>211<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Turki mengancam memotong akses Amerika Serikat ke pangkalan-pangkalan udara penting di Turki karena telah mengakui genosida tersebut.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith20156_179-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith20156-179"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada 2007, sebuah resolusi <a href="/wiki/Kongres_Amerika_Serikat" title="Kongres Amerika Serikat">Kongresional</a> untuk pengakuan genosida gagal karena tekanan Turki. Para penentang UU tersebut berkata bahwa genosida telah terjadi, namun menentang pengakuan resminya karena berdampak pada hubungan baik dengan Turki.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMamigonian201566_214-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMamigonian201566-214"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>214<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Setiap tahun sejak 1994, presiden Amerika Serikat mengeluarkan pesan peringatan pada 24&#160;April. Turki terkadang melakukan tekanan-tekanan untuk menghindarkan presiden dari pemakaian kata "genosida".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGöçek20152_192-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGöçek20152-192"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>192<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-215" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-215"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>215<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada 2019, kedua dewan Kongres mengesahkan resolusi yang secara resmi mengakui genosida tersebut.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBen_Aharon2019345_180-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBen_Aharon2019345-180"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaer2020296_216-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaer2020296-216"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>216<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada 24 April 2021, bertepatan dengan <a href="/wiki/Hari_Peringatan_Genosida_Armenia" title="Hari Peringatan Genosida Armenia">Hari Peringatan Genosida Armenia</a>, Presiden <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> menyebut peristiwa tersebut sebagai "genosida" dalam sebuah pernyataan yang dikeluarkan oleh Gedung Putih.<sup id="cite_ref-217" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-217"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>217<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Britania_Raya">Britania Raya</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyangkalan_genosida_Armenia&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=16" title="Sunting bagian: Britania Raya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyangkalan_genosida_Armenia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Britania Raya"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pada sekitar tahun 2000, pengacara HAM <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Robertson" class="mw-redirect" title="Geoffrey Robertson">Geoffrey Robertson</a> menyatakan, "penyangkalan genosida telah mengakar sendiri dalam Departemen Timur [dari <a href="/wiki/Foreign,_Commonwealth_and_Development_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office">Foreign and Commonwealth Office</a> (FCO)] ... sedemikian rupa sehingga memberi pengarahan kepada para menteri dengan mengabaikan fakta-fakta yang dapat dengan mudah dipastikan", seperti catatannya sendiri dari masa itu.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobertson201675–76,_81_218-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobertson201675–76,_81-218"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>218<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada 2006, dalam sebuah tanggapan terhadap debat yang dimulai oleh anggota parlemen <a href="/wiki/Steven_Pound" class="mw-redirect" title="Steven Pound">Steven Pound</a>, seorang perwakilan FCO berkata bahwa Britania Raya tidak mengakui genosida tersebut karena "buktinya tidak cukup tegas".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobertson201677_219-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobertson201677-219"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>219<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Israel">Israel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyangkalan_genosida_Armenia&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=17" title="Sunting bagian: Israel" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyangkalan_genosida_Armenia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Israel"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Hubungan_Israel_dengan_Turki" title="Hubungan Israel dengan Turki">Hubungan Israel dengan Turki</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Hubungan_Azerbaijan_dengan_Israel" title="Hubungan Azerbaijan dengan Israel">Hubungan Azerbaijan dengan Israel</a></div> <p>Menurut sejarawan <a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C4%B1fat_Bali&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rıfat Bali (halaman belum tersedia)">Rıfat Bali</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C4%B1fat_Bali" class="extiw" title="de:Rıfat Bali">de</a>; <a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C4%B1fat_Bali" class="extiw" title="tr:Rıfat Bali">tr</a>&#93;</span> dan <a href="/wiki/Marc_David_Baer" class="mw-redirect" title="Marc David Baer">Marc David Baer</a>, penyangkalan genosida Armenia menjadi faktor paling penting dalam normalisasi <a href="/wiki/Hubungan_Israel_dengan_Turki" title="Hubungan Israel dengan Turki">hubungan Israel dengan Turki</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaer2020145_220-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaer2020145-220"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>220<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Konferensi_Holokaus_dan_Genosida_Internasional" title="Konferensi Holokaus dan Genosida Internasional">Konferensi Holokaus dan Genosida Internasional</a> tahun 1982, yang diadakan di <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a>, meliputi enam presentasi mengenai genosida Armenia. Turki mengancam bahwa jika konferensi tersebut diadakan, negara tersebut akan menutup perbatasannya terhadap para pengungsi Yahudi dari Iran dan Suriah, yang membuatnya nyawa mereka berada dalam bahaya. Akibatnya, <a href="/wiki/Kementerian_Luar_Negeri_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Kementerian Luar Negeri Israel">Kementerian Luar Negeri Israel</a> bergabung dalam upaya yang sepenuhnya gagal untuk membatalkan konferensi tersebut.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBen_Aharon2015646–648_221-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBen_Aharon2015646–648-221"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>221<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pada April 2001, sebuah surat kabar Turki mengutip Menlu <a href="/wiki/Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Shimon Peres</a> berkata, "Kami menolak upaya menciptakan kemiripan antara <a href="/wiki/Holokaus" title="Holokaus">Holokaus</a> dan [genosida] Armenia yang dituduhkan. Tidak ada yang mirip dengan kejadian Holokaus. Ini adalah tragedi yang dialami oleh orang-orang Armenia, namun bukan genosida."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAuron2003124_222-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAuron2003124-222"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>222<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBen_Aharon2015638_223-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBen_Aharon2015638-223"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>223<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Menurut Charny dan Auron, pernyataan ini menyilangkan garis penyangkalan aktif genosida Armenia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAuron2003128_224-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAuron2003128-224"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>224<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pakar Eldad Ben Aharon menyatakan bahwa Peres singkatnya menjelaskan apa yang telah menjadi kebijakan Israel sejak 1948.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBen_Aharon2015638_223-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBen_Aharon2015638-223"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>223<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Hubungan Israel dengan Turki merenggang pada akhir 2010-an, namun hubungan Israel dengan Azerbaijan bersifat dekat dan <a href="/wiki/Asosiasi_Internasional_Azerbaijan%E2%80%93Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Asosiasi Internasional Azerbaijan–Israel">Asosiasi Internasional Azerbaijan–Israel</a> telah melakukan lobi menentang pengakuan genosida tersebut.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBen_Aharon2019366–367,_369_225-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBen_Aharon2019366–367,_369-225"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>225<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Denialisme_dalam_akademik">Denialisme dalam akademik</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyangkalan_genosida_Armenia&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=18" title="Sunting bagian: Denialisme dalam akademik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyangkalan_genosida_Armenia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Denialisme dalam akademik"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sampai abad ke-21, <a href="/wiki/Kajian_Utsmaniyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Kajian Utsmaniyah">kajian Utsmaniyah</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kajian_Turki&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kajian Turki (halaman belum tersedia)">Turki</a> memarginalisasi pembantaian orang-orang Armenia, yang banyak akademisi pandang sebagai tindakan masa perang yang dibenarkan oleh kedaruratan dan menghindari diskusi yang mendalam. Bidang-bidang tersebut telah lama menikmati hubungan kelembagaan dengan negara Turki. Pernyataan-pernyataan oleh para akademisi dikutip untuk melanjutkan agenda penyangkalan Turki.<sup id="cite_ref-226" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-226"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>226<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Para sejarawan yang mengakui genosida mengkhawatirkan pembalasan profesional terhadap pengekspresian pandangan mereka.<sup id="cite_ref-Watenpaugh_227-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Watenpaugh-227"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>227<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-jadaliyya_228-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jadaliyya-228"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>228<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Metodologi penyangkalan sebanding dengan taktik <a href="/wiki/Industri_tembakau" title="Industri tembakau">industri tembakau</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Penyangkalan_pemanasan_global" class="mw-redirect" title="Penyangkalan pemanasan global">penyangkalan pemanasan global</a>: membiayai penelitian yang bias, menciptakan tabir asap dari keraguan, dan dengan demikian <a href="/wiki/Kontroversi_buatan" title="Kontroversi buatan">membuat sebuah kontroversi</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaer2020208_229-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaer2020208-229"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>229<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMamigonian201563–64_230-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMamigonian201563–64-230"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>230<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAuron20039–10_231-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAuron20039–10-231"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>231<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> di mana tidak ada disputasi akademik yang benar-benar terjadi.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacDonald2008241_232-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacDonald2008241-232"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>232<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pada permulaan 1980-an, pemerintah Turki mendanai lembaga-lembaga riset untuk mencegah pengakuan genosida.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaer2020129_233-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaer2020129-233"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>233<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAuron200347_234-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAuron200347-234"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>234<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mamigonian2013_211-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mamigonian2013-211"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>211<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada 19&#160;Mei 1985, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> dan <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i> menjalankan iklan dari <a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Turkish_American_Associations" class="mw-redirect" title="Assembly of Turkish American Associations">Assembly of Turkish American Associations</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMamigonian201567_235-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMamigonian201567-235"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>235<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> di mana 69 akademisi—kebanyakan profesor sejarah Utsmaniyah yang bekerja di Amerika Serikat pada masa itu—menyerukan agar Kongres tidak mengadopsi resolusi mengenai genosida Armenia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEissenstat201424–25_236-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEissenstat201424–25-236"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>236<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaer2020xi_237-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaer2020xi-237"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>237<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAuron2003226–227_238-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAuron2003226–227-238"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>238<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Kebanyakan penandatangan menerima upah penelitian yang didanai oleh pemerintah Turki, dan mayoritas bukanlah spesialis dalam bidang Kekaisaran Utsmaniyah akhir.<sup id="cite_ref-Hovanisian224_239-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hovanisian224-239"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>239<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-The_Psychological_Satisfaction_of_Denials_240-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Psychological_Satisfaction_of_Denials-240"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>240<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Heath_Lowry" class="mw-redirect" title="Heath Lowry">Heath Lowry</a>, direktur Institute of Turkish Studies, membantu mengamankan penandatanganan tersebut. Atas upayanya, Lowry menerima Penghargaan Yayasan untuk Promosi dan Pengakuan Turki.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaer2020130_241-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaer2020130-241"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>241<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAuron2003226–227_238-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAuron2003226–227-238"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>238<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Sepanjang dasawarsa berikutnya, Turki mendanai enam ketua kajian Utsmaniyah dan Turki untuk melawan pengakuan terhadap genosida tersebut. Lowry diangkat menjadi salah satu ketuanya.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaer2020130_241-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaer2020130-241"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>241<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Menurut sejarawan <a href="/wiki/Keith_David_Watenpaugh" title="Keith David Watenpaugh">Keith David Watenpaugh</a>, resolusi tersebut memiliki "pengaruh mengerikan dan berkelanjutan terhadap generasi cendekiawan yang dibesarkan."<sup id="cite_ref-Watenpaugh_227-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Watenpaugh-227"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>227<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada 2000, Elekdağ mengakui bahwa pernyataan itu telah menjadi tidak berguna karena tidak ada penandatangan asli selain <a href="/wiki/Justin_McCarthy_(sejarawan_Amerika_Serikat)" title="Justin McCarthy (sejarawan Amerika Serikat)">Justin McCarthy</a> sepakat untuk menandatangani deklarasi serupa lainnya.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMamigonian201567_235-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMamigonian201567-235"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>235<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Denialisme akademik paling terkini di Amerika Serikat menyoroti tuduhan pemberontakan Armenia, yang dikatakan untuk membenarkan penindasan Armenia sebagai <a href="/wiki/Pemberontakan_balasan" class="mw-redirect" title="Pemberontakan balasan">pemberontakan balasan</a> yang sah.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuny2015375_242-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESuny2015375-242"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>242<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada 2009, <a href="/wiki/Universitas_Utah" title="Universitas Utah">Universitas Utah</a> membuka "Proyek Kajian Turki", yang didanai oleh <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Coalition_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish Coalition of America">Turkish Coalition of America</a> (TCA) dan dipimpin oleh <a href="/wiki/M._Hakan_Yavuz" class="mw-redirect" title="M. Hakan Yavuz">M. Hakan Yavuz</a>, dengan Elekdağ pada badan penasihat.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHovannisian2015234_243-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHovannisian2015234-243"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>243<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMamigonian201567_235-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMamigonian201567-235"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>235<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/University_of_Utah_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Utah Press">University of Utah Press</a> menerbitkan banyak buku yang menyangkali genosida tersebut,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuny2015375_242-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESuny2015375-242"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>242<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHovannisian2015234_243-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHovannisian2015234-243"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>243<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> dimulai dengan <i><a href="/wiki/The_Armenian_Massacres_in_Ottoman_Turkey" title="The Armenian Massacres in Ottoman Turkey">The Armenian Massacres in Ottoman Turkey</a></i> (2006) karya <a href="/wiki/Guenter_Lewy" class="mw-redirect" title="Guenter Lewy">Guenter Lewy</a>. Buku Lewy ditolak oleh sebelas penerbit. Menurut Marc Mamigonian, karya tersebut menjadi "salah satu buku pelajaran penyangkalan modern penting".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHovannisian2015232_244-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHovannisian2015232-244"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>244<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMamigonian201568_245-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMamigonian201568-245"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>245<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> TCA juga memberikan bantuan keuangan kepadanya beberapa pengarang termasuk McCarthy, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Gunter" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Gunter">Michael Gunter</a>, Yücel Güçlü, dan <a href="/wiki/Edward_J._Erickson" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward J. Erickson">Edward J. Erickson</a> untuk menulis buku-buku yang menyangkali genosida Armenia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHovannisian2015234_243-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHovannisian2015234-243"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>243<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Menurut <a href="/wiki/Richard_G._Hovannisian" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard G. Hovannisian">Richard G. Hovannisian</a>, dari semua penyangkal terkini dalam bidang akademik, nyaris seluruhnya memiliki hubungan dengan Turki dan mereka yang berkewarganegaraan Turki, semuanya pernah bekerja untuk kementerian luar negeri Turki.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHovannisian2015243_246-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHovannisian2015243-246"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>246<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kontroversi_integritas_akademik">Kontroversi integritas akademik</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyangkalan_genosida_Armenia&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=19" title="Sunting bagian: Kontroversi integritas akademik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyangkalan_genosida_Armenia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kontroversi integritas akademik"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kebanyakan pakar menganggap tidak etis bagi para akademisi untuk menyangkali genosida Armenia.<sup id="cite_ref-jadaliyya_228-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jadaliyya-228"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>228<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-247" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-247"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>247<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Di luar itu, terdapat banyak kontroversi tentang <a href="/wiki/Integritas_akademik" title="Integritas akademik">integritas akademik</a> terkait penyangkalan genosida. Pada 1990, psikiatris <a href="/wiki/Robert_Jay_Lifton" title="Robert Jay Lifton">Robert Jay Lifton</a> menerima surat dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=N%C3%BCzhet_Kandemir&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nüzhet Kandemir (halaman belum tersedia)">Nüzhet Kandemir</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BCzhet_Kandemir" class="extiw" title="tr:Nüzhet Kandemir">tr</a>&#93;</span>, dubes Turki untuk Amerika Serikat, mempertanyakan rujukan-rujukan kepada genosida Armenia dalam salah satu buku Lifton. Dubes tersebut secara tidak sengaja menyertakan draf surat dari Lowry yang menasihati dubes mengenai cara untuk menghindari penyebutan genosida Armenia dalam karya-karya ilmiah. Lowry kemudian diangkat menjadi Profesor Kajian Utsmaniyah Atatürk di <a href="/wiki/Universitas_Princeton" title="Universitas Princeton">Universitas Princeton</a>, yang didanai oleh pemerintah Turki dengan uang sejumlah $750.000. Tindakannya dipandang sebagai "subversi pembelajaran".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith_&#39;&#39;et_al.&#39;&#39;19952,_&#39;&#39;passim&#39;&#39;_248-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith_&#39;&#39;et_al.&#39;&#39;19952,_&#39;&#39;passim&#39;&#39;-248"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>248<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ia kemudian berkata bahwa menulis surat tersebut adalah sebuah kekeliruan.<sup id="cite_ref-249" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-249"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>249<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pada 2006, sejarawan Ottomanis <a href="/wiki/Donald_Quataert" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald Quataert">Donald Quataert</a>—salah satu dari 69 penandatangan pernyataan tahun 1985 untuk Kongres Amerika Serikat<sup id="cite_ref-Erbal784_250-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Erbal784-250"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>250<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>—mengulas <i><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Game_of_Genocide" title="The Great Game of Genocide">The Great Game of Genocide</a></i>, sebuah buku tentang genosida Armenia, setuju bahwa "genosida" adalah kata yang tepat untuk dipakai.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuataert2006251–252_251-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuataert2006251–252-251"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>251<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Artikel tersebut menantang apa yang disebut Quataert sebagai "tembok kebungkaman Utsmani"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuataert2006250_252-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuataert2006250-252"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>252<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> terhadap masalah tersebut.<sup id="cite_ref-Erbal784_250-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Erbal784-250"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>250<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gutman168_253-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gutman168-253"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>253<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEissenstat201425_254-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEissenstat201425-254"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>254<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Berpekan-pekan kemudian, ia mundur dari jabatan ketua badan direktur Institute of Turkish Studies usai para pejabat Turki mengancam bahwa jika ia tidak menarik pernyataannya, pendanaan lembaga tersebut akan ditarik. Banyak anggota badan tersebut mengundurkan diri. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Middle_East_Studies_Association&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Middle East Studies Association (halaman belum tersedia)">Middle East Studies Association</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkish_Studies_Association&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkish Studies Association (halaman belum tersedia)">Turkish Studies Association</a> mengkritik pelanggaran terhadap <a href="/wiki/Kebebasan_akademik" title="Kebebasan akademik">kebebasan akademik</a> Quataert.<sup id="cite_ref-Erbal784_250-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Erbal784-250"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>250<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gutman168_253-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gutman168-253"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>253<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEissenstat201425–26_255-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEissenstat201425–26-255"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>255<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dalam ceramah yang ia sampaikan pada Juni 2011, Akçam menyatakan bahwa pejabat Kemenlu Turki berkata kepadanya bahwa pemerintah Turki memberikan uang kepada para akademisi di Amerika Serikat untuk penyangkalan dari genosida tersebut, memerhatikan adanya kebetulan antara apa yang sumbernya katakan dengan buku Gunter <i>Armenian History and the Question of Genocide</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Asbarez_256-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Asbarez-256"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>256<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Hovannisian meyakini bahwa buku-buku yang menyangkali genosida tersebut diterbitkan karena selaras dalam <a href="/wiki/Penelaahan_sejawat" class="mw-redirect" title="Penelaahan sejawat">penelaahan sejawat</a> yang berujung pada "keselarasan kuat di antara banyak penelaah sepemahaman yang saling menguntungkan" tanpa mengajukan buku-buku tersebut kepada para akademisi yang akan menunjukkan kesalahan-kesalahannya.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHovannisian2015244_257-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHovannisian2015244-257"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>257<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pemeriksaan_klaim">Pemeriksaan klaim</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyangkalan_genosida_Armenia&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=20" title="Sunting bagian: Pemeriksaan klaim" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyangkalan_genosida_Armenia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pemeriksaan klaim"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Pembenaran_genosida" title="Pembenaran genosida">Pembenaran genosida</a></div> <p>Pandangan resmi Turki didasarkan pada keyakinan bahwa genosida Armenia adalah tindakan negara yang sah dan sehingga tidak dapat ditantang atas dasar hukum atau moral.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkçam2012451_258-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkçam2012451-258"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>258<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Publikasi-publikasi dari sudut pandang tersebut sepakat dalam banyak fakta dasar dengan sejarah non-denialis, namun berbeda dalam penafsiran dan kesimpulannya.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuny2015xii_259-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESuny2015xii-259"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>259<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Selaras dengan pembenaran Komite Persatuan dan Kemajuan atas tindakan-tindakannya, karya-karya denialis menampilkan orang-orang Armenia sebagai ancaman yang ada bagi kesultanan pada masa perang, sesambil menyangkal niat Komite Persatuan dan Kemajuan untuk memusnahkan orang-orang Armenia. Sejarawan <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Grigor_Suny" title="Ronald Grigor Suny">Ronald Grigor Suny</a> menjelaskan argumen denialis utama sebagai, "Tidak ada genosida yang terjadi, dan orang-orang Armenia-lah yang harus disalahkan."<sup id="cite_ref-Sunyintro_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sunyintro-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChorbajian2016167_260-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChorbajian2016167-260"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>260<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Karya-karya denialis menggambarkan orang-orang Armenia sebagai teroris dan separatis,<sup id="cite_ref-261" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-261"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>261<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> mengalihkan penyalahan dari Komite Persatuan dan Kemajuan kepada orang-orang Armenia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMamigonian201572_262-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMamigonian201572-262"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>262<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHovannisian2015243–244_263-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHovannisian2015243–244-263"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>263<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Menurut logika ini, deportasi warga sipil Armenia adalah tanggapan yang dibenarkan dan diperlukan terhadap pengkhianatan Armenia, baik benar-benar nyata maupun dianggap nyata oleh otoritas Utsmaniyah.<sup id="cite_ref-HovannisianErickson_264-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HovannisianErickson-264"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>264<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuny2009941_265-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESuny2009941-265"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>265<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaligian2014209_266-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaligian2014209-266"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>266<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Para pencetus mengutip doktrin <a href="/wiki/Kebutuhan_militer" title="Kebutuhan militer">kebutuhan militer</a> dan menyatakan <a href="/wiki/Penyalahan_kolektif" class="mw-redirect" title="Penyalahan kolektif">penyalahan kolektif</a> terhadap seluruh orang Armenia atas pemberontakan militer beberapa orang, meskipun pada kenyataannya, <a href="/wiki/Hukum_perang" title="Hukum perang">hukum perang</a> mengkriminalisasi pembantaian warga sipil.<sup id="cite_ref-267" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-267"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>267<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-268" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-268"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>268<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Kematian dinyatakan berasal dari faktor di luar kendali pihak berwenang Utsmaniyah, seperti cuaca, penyakit, atau pejabat lokal yang tidak jujur.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHovannisian2001801_269-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHovannisian2001801-269"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>269<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHovannisian2015231_270-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHovannisian2015231-270"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>270<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Peran Organisasi Khusus disangkal<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkçam2008128–131_271-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkçam2008128–131-271"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>271<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkçam2012410–423_272-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkçam2012410–423-272"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>272<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> dan pembantaian justru disalahkan kepada orang-orang Kurdi,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKévorkian2011810_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKévorkian2011810-61"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> "brigade-brigade" dan "kelompok-kelompok bersenjata" yang seharusnya beroperasi di luar kendali pemerintah pusat.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkçam2012417_273-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkçam2012417-273"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>273<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Argumen lain meliputi: </p> <ul><li>Bahwa terdapat "<a href="/wiki/Perang_saudara" title="Perang saudara">perang saudara</a>" atau menggeneralisasikan pemberontakan Armenia yang direncanakan oleh <a href="/wiki/Federasi_Revolusioner_Armenia" title="Federasi Revolusioner Armenia">Federasi Revolusioner Armenia</a> dalam kolusi dengan Rusia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaligian2014208._274-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaligian2014208.-274"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>274<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDadrian2003276_275-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDadrian2003276-275"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>275<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Arsip-arsip Utsmaniyah maupun sumber lainnya mendukung hipotesis ini, seperti yang dimajukan oleh salah satu pencetus teori tersebut, Edward Erickson.<sup id="cite_ref-HovannisianErickson_264-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HovannisianErickson-264"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>264<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-civil_war_276-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-civil_war-276"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>276<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKieser2018237_277-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKieser2018237-277"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>277<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Bahwa jumlah orang Armenia yang tewas sebesar 300.000 atau lebih sedikit, mungkin tidak lebih dari 100.000.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHovannisian2001803–804_278-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHovannisian2001803–804-278"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>278<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Bloxham memandangnya sebagai bagaian dari tema paling umum dari pemahaman keberadaan Armenia di Kekaisaran Utsmaniyah untuk melemahkan kebutuhan untuk otonomi atau kemerdekaan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBloxham2005208–209_279-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBloxham2005208–209-279"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>279<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Bahwa kelompok-kelompok tertentu orang Armenia diselamatkan, yang menurut para pendukungnya membuktikan bahwa tidak ada upaya sistematis untuk memusnahkan orang-orang Armenia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkçam2012399_280-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkçam2012399-280"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>280<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Beberapa orang secara salah mengklaim bahwa orang Katolik dan Protestan Armenia, serta keluarga-keluarga prajurit Armenia yang mengabdi dalam Angkatan Bersenjata Utsmaniyah tidak dideportasi.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkçam2012374–377_281-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkçam2012374–377-281"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>281<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pertahanan hidup orang-orang Armenia di <a href="/wiki/Smyrna" class="mw-redirect" title="Smyrna">Smyrna</a> dan Konstantinopel—yang direncanakan oleh Komite Persatuan dan Kemajuan namun hanya sebagian yang dijalankan karena tekanan dari Jerman—juga dikutip untuk menyangkal bahwa kepemimpinan Komite Persatuan dan Kemajuan memiliki niat genosida.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkçam2012399–400,_407,_409_282-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkçam2012399–400,_407,_409-282"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>282<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDadrian2003275_283-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDadrian2003275-283"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>283<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Pernyataan palsu bahwa para penguasa Utsmaniyah mengambil tindakan untuk mengamankan nyawa dan harta benda Armenia pada masa deportasi mereka, dan mendakwa 1.397 orang karena menzalimi orang-orang Armenia pada masa genosida.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHovannisian2015238_284-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHovannisian2015238-284"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>284<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkçam2012373_285-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkçam2012373-285"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>285<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Bahwa banyak sumber yang dikutip oleh para sejarawan genosida tidak layak dipercaya atau dipalsukan, termasuk catatan para penyintas Armenia dan diplomat Barat<sup id="cite_ref-evidence_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-evidence-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Akcam11_286-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Akcam11-286"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>286<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> dan catatan <a href="/wiki/Pengadilan_militer_Turki_1919%E2%80%931920" class="mw-redirect" title="Pengadilan militer Turki 1919–1920">Pengadilan Militer Khusus Utsmaniyah</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkçam2008113,_126–128_287-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkçam2008113,_126–128-287"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>287<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDemirdjian201810–11_288-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDemirdjian201810–11-288"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>288<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELattanzi201888–89_289-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELattanzi201888–89-289"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>289<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> dengan menekankan bahwa <a href="/wiki/Arsip_Perdana_Menteri_Utsmaniyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsip Perdana Menteri Utsmaniyah">Arsip Perdana Menteri Utsmaniyah</a> dianggap sebagai satu-satunya sumber yang layak.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkçam2012xxii_290-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkçam2012xxii-290"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>290<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Anggapan bahwa orang-orang Turki tidak dapat melakukan genosida, sebuah argumen yang seringkali didukung dengan klaim-klaim yang dilebih-lebihkan mengenai <a href="/wiki/Yahudi-Turki" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahudi-Turki">kemurahan hati Utsmaniyah dan Turki terhadap Yahudi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaer20201–2,_183–185,_293_291-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaer20201–2,_183–185,_293-291"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>291<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada upacara resmi untuk mengenang Holokaus pada 2014, Menlu Turki <a href="/wiki/Mevl%C3%BCt_%C3%87avu%C5%9Fo%C4%9Flu" title="Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu">Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu</a> mengklaim bahwa, berbeda dengan Kristen Eropa, "Tidak ada akar genosida dalam sejarah kami."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaer20201,_207–208_292-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaer20201,_207–208-292"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>292<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada kunjungan ke Sudan pada 2006, Perdana Menteri <a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a> menyangkali <a href="/wiki/Genosida_Darfur" title="Genosida Darfur">genosida Darfur</a> karena "seorang Muslim tidak dapat melakukan genosida".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaligian2014208_293-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaligian2014208-293"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>293<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-294" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-294"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>294<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Klaim-klaim genosida timbul dari pandangan dunia yang berprasangka, <a href="/wiki/Anti-Turki" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Turki">anti-Turki</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Orientalisme" title="Orientalisme">Orientalis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHovannisian2015234_243-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHovannisian2015234-243"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>243<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Pada penghujung akhir klaim denialis menyatakan bahwa bukan Turki yang melakukan genosida terhadap Armenia melainkan sebaliknya, seperti yang dinyatakan oleh <a href="/wiki/Monumen_dan_Museum_Genosida_I%C4%9Fd%C4%B1r" class="mw-redirect" title="Monumen dan Museum Genosida Iğdır">Monumen dan Museum Genosida Iğdır</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Igdir_295-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Igdir-295"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>295<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Penyangkalan genosida Armenia seringkali dibandingkan dengan <a href="/wiki/Penyangkalan_Holokaus" title="Penyangkalan Holokaus">penyangkalan Holokaus</a> karena taktik serupa dalam menyalahartikan bukti, penyamaan palsu, klaim bahwa kejahatan diciptakan oleh <a href="/wiki/Propaganda_perang" class="mw-redirect" title="Propaganda perang">propaganda perang</a> dan bahwa lobi-lobi kekuatan membuat tuduhan genosida untuk keuntungan mereka sendiri, merendahkan pemusnahan sistematis sepihak terhadap kematian pada masa perang, dan mengalihkan penyalahan dari para pelaku ke para korban genosida. Bentuk <a href="/wiki/Negasionisme_sejarah" title="Negasionisme sejarah">negasionisme</a> selaras dengan tujuan merehabilitasi ideologi yang dibawa terhadap genosida.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBloxham2005208_177-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBloxham2005208-177"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacDonald2008133_296-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacDonald2008133-296"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>296<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legalitas">Legalitas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyangkalan_genosida_Armenia&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=21" title="Sunting bagian: Legalitas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyangkalan_genosida_Armenia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Legalitas"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Menurut mantan hakim <a href="/wiki/Pengadilan_Kejahatan_Internasional_untuk_bekas_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Pengadilan Kejahatan Internasional untuk bekas Yugoslavia">Pengadilan Kejahatan Internasional untuk bekas Yugoslavia</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Flavia_Lattanzi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Flavia Lattanzi (halaman belum tersedia)">Flavia Lattanzi</a>, "perilaku buruk penyangkalan pihak berwenang Utsmaniyah dan Turki masa lalu adalah pelanggaran baru dari hukum internasional".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELattanzi2018100_297-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELattanzi2018100-297"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>297<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sejumlah negara Eropa mengadopsi hukum untuk mengkriminalisasikan penyangkalan genosida.<sup id="cite_ref-298" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-298"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>298<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Hukum semacam itu bersifat kontroversial. Para penentangnya beranggapan bahwa mereka mengikis <a href="/wiki/Kebebasan_berbicara" title="Kebebasan berbicara">kebebasan berbicara</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErtür20192–3_299-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEErtür20192–3-299"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>299<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada 1993, surat-surat kabar Prancis mencetak banyak wawancara dengan sejarawan Inggris-Amerika <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lewis" title="Bernard Lewis">Bernard Lewis</a>. Dalam wawancara-wawancara tersebut, ia berpendapat bahwa tidak ada genosida Armenia karena orang-orang Armenia yang membawa nasib mereka ke diri mereka sendiri.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaer2020140–141_300-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaer2020140–141-300"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>300<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAuron2003228_301-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAuron2003228-301"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>301<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Seorang jaksa negeri Prancis menyatakan dakwaan kriminal terhadapnya atas pernyataan-pernyataan tersebut berdasarkan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hukum_Gayssot&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hukum Gayssot (halaman belum tersedia)">Hukum Gayssot</a>. Dakwaan tersebut gagal, karena pengadilan memutuskan bahwa hukum tersebut tidak dapat diterapkan pada peristiwa-peristiwa sebelum Perang Dunia&#160;II.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAuron2003228–229_302-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAuron2003228–229-302"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>302<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Dalam dakwaan sipil tahun 1995 yang dibawa oleh tiga penyintas genosida Armenia, pengadilan Prancis menindak pernyataan Lewis lewat Pasal 1382 <a href="/wiki/Kitab_Hukum_Prancis" class="mw-redirect" title="Kitab Hukum Prancis">Kitab Hukum</a> dan mendendanya sejumlah satu franc, dan memerintahkan publikasi pendakwaan terhadap pembiayaan Lewis dalam <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Monde" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a></i>. Pengadilan menyatakan bahwa meskipun Lewis memiliki hak atas pandangannya, ekspresi mereka melukai pihak ketiga dan bahwa "hanya dengan menyembunyikan elemen-elemen yang bertentangan dengan tesisnya, terdakwa dapat menyatakan bahwa tidak ada 'bukti serius' tentang Genosida Armenia".<sup id="cite_ref-303" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-303"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>303<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaer2020141_304-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaer2020141-304"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>304<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAuron2003230_305-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAuron2003230-305"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>305<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pada Maret 2007, pengadilan Swiss mendakwa <a href="/wiki/Do%C4%9Fu_Perin%C3%A7ek" title="Doğu Perinçek">Doğu Perinçek</a>, seorang anggota <a href="/wiki/Komite_Talat_Pasha" class="mw-redirect" title="Komite Talat Pasha">Komite Talat Pasha</a> (diambil dari nama pelaku utama genosida),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErtür20195–6_306-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEErtür20195–6-306"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>306<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Belavusau_307-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Belavusau-307"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>307<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDemirdjian201822–23_308-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDemirdjian201822–23-308"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>308<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> bersalah di bawah hukum Swiss atas dakwaan penyangkalan genosida. Perinçek mengajukan banding. Pada bulan Desember,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_309-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-309"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>309<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mahkamah_Agung_Federal_Swiss" title="Mahkamah Agung Federal Swiss">Mahkamah Agung Swiss</a> menyatakan bahwa ia bersalah.<sup id="cite_ref-310" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-310"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>310<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_309-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-309"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>309<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mahkamah_Hak_Asasi_Manusia_Eropa" title="Mahkamah Hak Asasi Manusia Eropa">Mahkamah Hak Asasi Manusia Eropa</a> turun tangan membatalkan <i><a href="/wiki/Perin%C3%A7ek_v._Swiss" title="Perinçek v. Swiss">Perinçek v. Swiss</a></i> atas dasar kebebasan berbicara.<sup id="cite_ref-Belavusau2016_311-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Belavusau2016-311"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>311<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Meskipun Mahkamah HAM Eropa mengatur agar negara-negara anggota dapat mengkriminalisasi penyangkalan Holokaus, dakwaan tersebut dikritik karena menciptakan <a href="/wiki/Standar_ganda" title="Standar ganda">standar ganda</a> antara Holokaus dan genosida lainnya, bersama dengan kegagalan untuk mengakui <a href="/wiki/Anti-Armenianisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Armenianisme">anti-Armenianisme</a> sebagai motivasi untuk penyangkalan genosida.<sup id="cite_ref-Belavusau_307-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Belavusau-307"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>307<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-312" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-312"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>312<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-313" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-313"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>313<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Meskipun pengadilan tersebut tidak mengatur soal apakah peristiwa tahun 1915 dianggap sebagai genosida, banyak <a href="/w/index.php?title=Opini_terpisah&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Opini terpisah (halaman belum tersedia)">opini terpisah</a> mengakui genosida tersebut sebagai fakta sejarah.<sup id="cite_ref-Belavusau2016_311-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Belavusau2016-311"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>311<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Perinçek dengan keliru menyebut pembatalan dakwaan tersebut dengan berkata, "Kita mengakhiri kebohongan genosida."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErtür20198_314-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEErtür20198-314"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>314<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dampak">Dampak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyangkalan_genosida_Armenia&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=22" title="Sunting bagian: Dampak" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyangkalan_genosida_Armenia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Dampak"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:%C5%9E%C4%B1rnak_%C3%A7at%C4%B1%C5%9Fmas%C4%B1_%C3%A7ocuk_cenaze_t%C3%B6reni.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/%C5%9E%C4%B1rnak_%C3%A7at%C4%B1%C5%9Fmas%C4%B1_%C3%A7ocuk_cenaze_t%C3%B6reni.jpg/220px-%C5%9E%C4%B1rnak_%C3%A7at%C4%B1%C5%9Fmas%C4%B1_%C3%A7ocuk_cenaze_t%C3%B6reni.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/%C5%9E%C4%B1rnak_%C3%A7at%C4%B1%C5%9Fmas%C4%B1_%C3%A7ocuk_cenaze_t%C3%B6reni.jpg/330px-%C5%9E%C4%B1rnak_%C3%A7at%C4%B1%C5%9Fmas%C4%B1_%C3%A7ocuk_cenaze_t%C3%B6reni.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/%C5%9E%C4%B1rnak_%C3%A7at%C4%B1%C5%9Fmas%C4%B1_%C3%A7ocuk_cenaze_t%C3%B6reni.jpg/440px-%C5%9E%C4%B1rnak_%C3%A7at%C4%B1%C5%9Fmas%C4%B1_%C3%A7ocuk_cenaze_t%C3%B6reni.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="666" /></a><figcaption>Pemakaman bayi yang tewas dalam <a href="/wiki/Pertikaian_%C5%9E%C4%B1rnak_(2015%E2%80%9316)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pertikaian Şırnak (2015–16)">pertikaian Şırnak</a>, 2015</figcaption></figure> <p>Kieser, Göçek, dan Cheterian menyatakan bahwa penyangkalan tersebut menghalangi Turki dari penerapan demokrasi penuh yang meliputi <a href="/wiki/Pluralisme_(filsafat_politik)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pluralisme (filsafat politik)">pluralisme</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Hak_asasi_manusia" title="Hak asasi manusia">hak asasi manusia</a>, dan bahwa penyangkalan tersebut mendorong penindasan negara terhadap kelompok minoritas di Turki, khususnya Kurdi.<sup id="cite_ref-315" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-315"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>315<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Akçam berkata bahwa penyangkalan genosida "merasionalisasikan penindasan agama dan etnis minoritas" dan menyudutkan penduduk menuju peristiwa-peristiwa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kekerasan_massa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kekerasan massa (halaman belum tersedia)">kekerasan massa</a> pada masa mendatang.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkçam2012xxvi–xxvii_316-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkçam2012xxvi–xxvii-316"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>316<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Sampai negara Turki mengakui genosida, ia berpendapat, "selalu ada hal potensi bahwa mereka dapat melakukannya lagi".<sup id="cite_ref-317" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-317"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>317<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Vicken_Cheterian" title="Vicken Cheterian">Vicken Cheterian</a> berkata bahwa penyangkalan genosida "mengotori <a href="/wiki/Budaya_politik" title="Budaya politik">budaya politik</a> seluruh masyarakat, di tempat kekerasan dan ancaman menjadi bagian dari keputusan politik terkait hak dasar dan praktek demokrasi".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECheterian2018b899_318-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECheterian2018b899-318"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>318<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ketika mengakui genosida Armenia pada April 2015, <a href="/wiki/Paus_Fransiskus" title="Paus Fransiskus">Paus Fransiskus</a> menambahkan, "menyembunyikan atau menyangkali kejahatan seperti membiarkan luka terus berdarah tanpa pembalut".<sup id="cite_ref-319" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-319"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>319<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Penyangkalan juga berdampak pada orang-orang Armenia, terutama orang-orang yang tinggal di Turki. Sejarawan Talin Suciyan menyatakan bahwa genosida Armenia dan penyangkalannya "berujung pada serangkaian kebijakan lain yang mendalangi proses tersebut dengan mencairkan harta benda mereka, membungkam dan menyudutkan para penyintas, dan menormalisasi segala bentuk kekerasan terhadap mereka".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuciyan201516_320-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESuciyan201516-320"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>320<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Menurut artikel dalam <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Aggression,_Maltreatment_%26_Trauma" class="mw-redirect" title="Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment &amp; Trauma">Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment &amp; Trauma</a></i>, "[p]enyangkalan menghalangi penyembuhan luka yang ditimbulkan oleh genosida, dan menempatkan serangan terhadap identitas kolektif dan kelanjutan budaya nasional dari orang-orang yang bermain korban".<sup id="cite_ref-321" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-321"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>321<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Göçek berpendapat bahwa "kurangnya pengakuan secara harfiah menghalangi luka yang dibuka oleh kekerasan masa lalu untuk sembuh".<sup id="cite_ref-Gocek_322-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gocek-322"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>322<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Kegiatan kelompok militan Armenia pada 1970an dan 1980an, seperti <a href="/wiki/Tentara_Rahasia_Armenia_untuk_Pembebasan_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Tentara Rahasia Armenia untuk Pembebasan Armenia">Tentara Rahasia Armenia untuk Pembebasan Armenia</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Komando_Keadilan_Genosida_Armenia" title="Komando Keadilan Genosida Armenia">Komando Keadilan Genosida Armenia</a>, sebagian disebabkan oleh kegagalan upaya damai untuk melancarkan pengakuan Turki terhadap genosida tersebut.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECheterian2015127–128_323-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECheterian2015127–128-323"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>323<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvedian2018110_324-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvedian2018110-324"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>324<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Beberapa sejarawan, seperti <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Ihrig" title="Stefan Ihrig">Stefan Ihrig</a>, berpendapat bahwa kekebalan pada para pelaku genosida Armenia, serta pembungkaman atau pembenaran terhadap kengerian kejahatan, menjadikan para pelaku Holokaus <a href="/wiki/Genosida_Armenia_dan_Holokaus" title="Genosida Armenia dan Holokaus">semakin berani</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIhrig2016353–354_325-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIhrig2016353–354-325"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>325<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBen_Aharon2019343_203-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBen_Aharon2019343-203"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>203<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hubungan_internasional">Hubungan internasional</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyangkalan_genosida_Armenia&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=23" title="Sunting bagian: Hubungan internasional" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyangkalan_genosida_Armenia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=23" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Hubungan internasional"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Hubungan_Armenia_dengan_Turki" title="Hubungan Armenia dengan Turki">Hubungan Armenia dengan Turki</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Hubungan_Armenia_dengan_Azerbaijan" title="Hubungan Armenia dengan Azerbaijan">Hubungan Armenia dengan Azerbaijan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Monument_to_Humanity_by_Mehmet_Aksoy_in_Kars,_Turkey_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Monument_to_Humanity_by_Mehmet_Aksoy_in_Kars%2C_Turkey_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-Monument_to_Humanity_by_Mehmet_Aksoy_in_Kars%2C_Turkey_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Monument_to_Humanity_by_Mehmet_Aksoy_in_Kars%2C_Turkey_%28cropped%29.jpg/255px-Monument_to_Humanity_by_Mehmet_Aksoy_in_Kars%2C_Turkey_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Monument_to_Humanity_by_Mehmet_Aksoy_in_Kars%2C_Turkey_%28cropped%29.jpg/340px-Monument_to_Humanity_by_Mehmet_Aksoy_in_Kars%2C_Turkey_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="1115" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Monumen_Kemanusiaan" title="Monumen Kemanusiaan">Monumen Kemanusiaan</a></i> buatan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehmet_Aksoy_(pemahat)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehmet Aksoy (pemahat) (halaman belum tersedia)">Mehmet Aksoy</a> di <a href="/wiki/Kars,_Turki" title="Kars, Turki">Kars, Turki</a>. Ditujukan untuk mengenang seluruh korban perang, karya tersebut didirikan tanpa pelibatan dari komunitas Armenia.<sup id="cite_ref-326" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-326"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>326<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Turki menutup perbatasannya dengan Armenia pada 1993, menyusul <a href="/wiki/Perang_Nagorno-Karabakh_Pertama" class="mw-redirect" title="Perang Nagorno-Karabakh Pertama">Perang Nagorno-Karabakh Pertama</a> antara Armenia dan Azerbaijan, negara yang berbahasa Turkic. Penutupan perbatasan tersebut mencederai ekonomi Armenia dan Turki timur.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGöçek20152_192-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGöçek20152-192"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>192<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-327" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-327"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>327<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Meskipun Armenia berniat untuk melakukan normalisasi hubungan tanpa prasyarat, Turki menuntut agar pihak Armenia meninggalkan segala dukungan untuk upaya pengakuan <a href="/wiki/Diaspora_Armenia" title="Diaspora Armenia">diaspora Armenia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECheterian2018b892_328-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECheterian2018b892-328"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>328<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Terdapat dua upaya besar dalam rekonsiliasi Turki-Armenia—<a href="/wiki/Komisi_Rekonsiliasi_Armenia_Turki" class="mw-redirect" title="Komisi Rekonsiliasi Armenia Turki">Komisi Rekonsiliasi Armenia Turki</a> (2000–2004) dan <a href="/wiki/Protokol_Zurich" class="mw-redirect" title="Protokol Zurich">Protokol Zurich</a> (2009)—keduanya sama-sama gagal karena kontroversi atas genosida Armenia. Dalam kedua kasus, para mediator melakukan yang terbaik untuk mengesampingkan perselisihan historis, tetapi itu terbukti mustahil.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvedian2018211_329-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvedian2018211-329"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>329<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Kelompok-kelompok diaspora Armenia menentang inisiatif dan khususnya komisi sejarah untuk menyelidiki yang mereka anggap fakta-fakta yang sudah terbukti.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Waal2015212,_229–230_330-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Waal2015212,_229–230-330"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>330<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Bloxham berpendapat bahwa karena "penyangkalan selalu disertai oleh retorika pengkhianatan, agresi, kriminalitas dan ambisi wilayah Armenia, ini sebenarnya menunjukkan ancaman 'balas dendam' Turki yang laten."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBloxham2005234_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBloxham2005234-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sejak permulaan <a href="/wiki/Konflik_Nagorno-Karabakh" title="Konflik Nagorno-Karabakh">konflik Nagorno-Karabakh</a>, Azerbaijan mengadopsi penyangkalan genosida Turki dan berupaya untuk mempromosikannya di mancanegara.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBen_Aharon2019346–347_331-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBen_Aharon2019346–347-331"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>331<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECheterian2018b886_332-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECheterian2018b886-332"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>332<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Genosida Armenia juga banyak disangkal oleh masyarakat sipil Azerbaijan.<sup id="cite_ref-Sanjian_333-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sanjian-333"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>333<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Kebanyakan orang Armenia memandang hubungan antara genosida tersebut dan kekerasan anti-Armenia berikutnya seperti <a href="/wiki/Pogrom_Sumgait" title="Pogrom Sumgait">pogrom Sumgait</a> tahun 1988, meskipun hubungan antara konflik Karabakh dan genosida Armenia lebih banyak dibuat oleh para elit Azerbaijan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECheterian2018b887_334-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECheterian2018b887-334"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>334<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Para nasionalis Azerbaijan menuduh orang-orang Armenia memicu pogrom Sumgait dan pogrom anti-Armenia lainnya, mirip dengan tuduhan Turki terhadap genosida Armenia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECheterian2018b893–894_335-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECheterian2018b893–894-335"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>335<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Propaganda negara Azerbaijan mengklaim bahwa orang-orang Armenia mendalangi genosida terhadap orang-<a href="/wiki/Orang_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Orang Azerbaijan">orang Azeri</a> selama lebih dari dua abad. Genosida tersebut meliputi <a href="/wiki/Traktat_Gulistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Traktat Gulistan">Traktat Gulistan</a> (1813), <a href="/wiki/Traktat_Turkmenchay" class="mw-redirect" title="Traktat Turkmenchay">Traktat Turkmenchay</a> (1828), <a href="/wiki/Komune_Baku" class="mw-redirect" title="Komune Baku">Komune Baku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Januari_Hitam" title="Januari Hitam">pengerahan pasukan Soviet ke Baku</a> pada Januari 1990 (menyusul <a href="/wiki/Pogrom_Baku" title="Pogrom Baku">pembantaian orang-orang Armenia di Baku</a>), dan khususnya <a href="/wiki/Pembantaian_Khojali" class="mw-redirect" title="Pembantaian Khojali">pembantaian Khojali</a> tahun 1992. Menurut propaganda tersebut, orang-orang Armenia melakukan "genosida yang sebenarnya" dan dituduh membantai atau mendeportasi sebanyak 2 juta orang Azeri sepanjang masa itu.<sup id="cite_ref-Sanjian_333-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sanjian-333"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>333<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECheterian2018b895–896_336-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECheterian2018b895–896-336"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>336<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFinkel201057–58_337-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFinkel201057–58-337"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>337<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Setelah itu, Azerbaijan, Turki dan <a href="/wiki/Diaspora_Turki" class="mw-redirect" title="Diaspora Turki">diaspora Turki</a> melobi pengakuan pembantaian Khojali sebagai genosida untuk merendahkan genosida Armenia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFinkel201059–60_338-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFinkel201059–60-338"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>338<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Azerbaijan memandang negara manapun yang mengakui genosida Armenia sebagai musuh dan bahkan mengancam sanksi.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECheterian2018b898–899_339-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECheterian2018b898–899-339"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>339<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Cheterian berpendapat bahwa "warisan sejarah tidak terselesaikan dari genosida tahun 1915" membantu menyebabkan konflik Karabakh dan menghalangi penyelesaiannya, sementara "kejahatan mutlak itu sendiri terus terjadi sebagai model dan sebagai ancaman, serta sumber kekhawatiran yang ada".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECheterian2018b887_334-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECheterian2018b887-334"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>334<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyangkalan_genosida_Armenia&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=24" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyangkalan_genosida_Armenia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=24" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kutipan">Kutipan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyangkalan_genosida_Armenia&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=25" title="Sunting bagian: Kutipan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyangkalan_genosida_Armenia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=25" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kutipan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Igdir2-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Igdir2_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">* <cite class="citation book">Marchand, Laure; Perrier, Guillaume (2015). <i>Turkey and the Armenian Ghost: On the Trail of the Genocide</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=McGill-Queen%27s_Press&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="McGill-Queen&#39;s Press (halaman belum tersedia)">McGill-Queen's Press</a>. hlm.&#160;111–112. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-7735-9720-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-7735-9720-4">978-0-7735-9720-4</a>. <q>Monumen genosida Iğdır adalah karikatur ultimat dari kebijakan pemerintah Turki yang menyangkal genosida 1915 dengan menulis ulang sejarah dan mengubah para korban menjadi pihak yang bersalah.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Turkey+and+the+Armenian+Ghost%3A+On+the+Trail+of+the+Genocide&amp;rft.pages=111-112&amp;rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+Press&amp;rft.date=2015&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7735-9720-4&amp;rft.aulast=Marchand&amp;rft.aufirst=Laure&amp;rft.au=Perrier%2C+Guillaume&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span> <ul><li><a href="#CITEREFHovannisian2001">Hovannisian 2001</a>, hlm.&#160;803.</li> <li><a href="#CITEREFCheterian2015">Cheterian 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;65–66</li> <li><a href="#CITEREFGürpınar2016">Gürpınar 2016</a>, hlm.&#160;234</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-evidence-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-evidence_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-evidence_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-evidence_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDadrian2003">Dadrian 2003</a>, hlm.&#160;270–271; <a href="#CITEREFChorbajian2016">Chorbajian 2016</a>, hlm.&#160;168; <ul><li><a href="#CITEREFIhrig2016">Ihrig 2016</a>, hlm.&#160;10–11</li> <li><a href="#CITEREFGürpınar2016">Gürpınar 2016</a>, hlm.&#160;234</li> <li><a href="#CITEREFCheterian2018a">Cheterian 2018a</a>, hlm.&#160;189</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-academic_consensus-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-academic_consensus_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-academic_consensus_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">konsensus akademik: <ul><li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Bloxham" title="Donald Bloxham">Bloxham, Donald</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/determinants-armenian-genocide-donald-bloxham/e/10.4324/9780203786994-3">"Determinants of the Armenian Genocide"</a>. <i>Looking Backward, Moving Forward</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris). <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. hlm.&#160;23–50. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9780203786994-3">10.4324/9780203786994-3</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-203-78699-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-203-78699-4">978-0-203-78699-4</a>. <q>Meskipun ada konsensus ilmiah yang terus bertumbuh tentang fakta Genosida Armenia...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Determinants+of+the+Armenian+Genocide&amp;rft.btitle=Looking+Backward%2C+Moving+Forward&amp;rft.pages=23-50&amp;rft.pub=Routledge&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9780203786994-3&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-203-78699-4&amp;rft.aulast=Bloxham&amp;rft.aufirst=Donald&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.taylorfrancis.com%2Fchapters%2Fdeterminants-armenian-genocide-donald-bloxham%2Fe%2F10.4324%2F9780203786994-3&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="#CITEREFSuny2009">Suny 2009</a>, hlm.&#160;935</li> <li><a href="#CITEREFGöçek2015">Göçek 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;1</li> <li><a href="#CITEREFSmith2015">Smith 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;5</li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Laycock, Jo (2016). "The Great Catastrophe". <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patterns_of_Prejudice&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Patterns of Prejudice (halaman belum tersedia)">Patterns of Prejudice</a></i>. <b>50</b> (3): 311–313. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F0031322X.2016.1195548">10.1080/0031322X.2016.1195548</a>. <q>... perkembangan penting dalam penelitian sejarah tentang genosida selama lima belas tahun terakhir ... tidak menyisakan ruang untuk meragukan bahwa perlakuan terhadap orang-orang Armenia Utsmaniyah merupakan genosida menurut Konvensi Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa tentang Pencegahan dan Penghukuman Genosida.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Patterns+of+Prejudice&amp;rft.atitle=The+Great+Catastrophe&amp;rft.volume=50&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=311-313&amp;rft.date=2016&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F0031322X.2016.1195548&amp;rft.aulast=Laycock&amp;rft.aufirst=Jo&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Kasbarian, Sossie; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerem_%C3%96ktem&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kerem Öktem (halaman belum tersedia)">Öktem, Kerem</a> (2016). "One Hundred Years Later: the Personal, the Political and the Historical in Four New Books on the Armenian Genocide". <i>Caucasus Survey</i>. <b>4</b> (1): 92–104. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F23761199.2015.1129787">10.1080/23761199.2015.1129787</a>. <q>...&#160;pandangan denialis telah banyak didiskreditkan di kalangan akademisi internasional. Keilmuan terkini telah sangat memvalidasi Genosida Armenia...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Caucasus+Survey&amp;rft.atitle=One+Hundred+Years+Later%3A+the+Personal%2C+the+Political+and+the+Historical+in+Four+New+Books+on+the+Armenian+Genocide&amp;rft.volume=4&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=92-104&amp;rft.date=2016&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F23761199.2015.1129787&amp;rft.aulast=Kasbarian&amp;rft.aufirst=Sossie&amp;rft.au=%C3%96ktem%2C+Kerem&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210116221446/https://www.civilnet.am/news/2020/07/09/Taner-Ak%C3%A7am-T%C3%BCrkiye%E2%80%99nin-soyk%C4%B1r%C4%B1m-konusunda-her-bak%C4%B1mdan-izole-oldu%C4%9Funu-s%C3%B6yleyebiliriz/389527">"Taner Akçam: Türkiye'nin, soykırım konusunda her bakımdan izole olduğunu söyleyebiliriz"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=CivilNet&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="CivilNet (halaman belum tersedia)">CivilNet</a></i> (dalam bahasa Turki). 9 July 2020. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.civilnet.am/news/2020/07/09/Taner-Ak%C3%A7am-T%C3%BCrkiye%E2%80%99nin-soyk%C4%B1r%C4%B1m-konusunda-her-bak%C4%B1mdan-izole-oldu%C4%9Funu-s%C3%B6yleyebiliriz/389527">versi asli</a> tanggal 16 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=CivilNet&amp;rft.atitle=Taner+Ak%C3%A7am%3A+T%C3%BCrkiye%27nin%2C+soyk%C4%B1r%C4%B1m+konusunda+her+bak%C4%B1mdan+izole+oldu%C4%9Funu+s%C3%B6yleyebiliriz&amp;rft.date=2020-07-09&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.civilnet.am%2Fnews%2F2020%2F07%2F09%2FTaner-Ak%25C3%25A7am-T%25C3%25BCrkiye%25E2%2580%2599nin-soyk%25C4%25B1r%25C4%25B1m-konusunda-her-bak%25C4%25B1mdan-izole-oldu%25C4%259Funu-s%25C3%25B6yleyebiliriz%2F389527&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Sunyintro-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sunyintro_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sunyintro_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSuny2015">Suny 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;xii–xiii</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBloxham2005234-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBloxham2005234_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBloxham2005234_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBloxham2005">Bloxham 2005</a>, hlm.&#160;234.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-foundational_violence-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-foundational_violence_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-foundational_violence_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-foundational_violence_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kekerasan mendasar: <ul><li><a href="#CITEREFBloxham2005">Bloxham 2005</a>, hlm.&#160;111</li> <li><a href="#CITEREFKévorkian2011">Kévorkian 2011</a>, hlm.&#160;810</li> <li><a href="#CITEREFGöçek2015">Göçek 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;19</li> <li><a href="#CITEREFSuny2015">Suny 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;349, 365</li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Hans-Lukas_Kieser" title="Hans-Lukas Kieser">Kieser, Hans-Lukas</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerem_%C3%96ktem&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kerem Öktem (halaman belum tersedia)">Öktem, Kerem</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maurus_Reinkowski&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Maurus Reinkowski (halaman belum tersedia)">Reinkowski, Maurus</a> (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomsburycollections.com/book/world-war-i-and-the-end-of-the-ottomans-from-the-balkan-wars-to-the-armenian-genocide/introduction-world-war-i-and-the-end-of-the-ottomans-from-the-balkan-wars-to-the-armenian-genocide?from=search">"Introduction"</a>. <i>World War I and the End of the Ottomans: From the Balkan Wars to the Armenian Genocide</i>. <a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Publishing" title="Bloomsbury Publishing">Bloomsbury Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-85772-744-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-85772-744-2">978-0-85772-744-2</a>. <q>Kami sangat yakin, dan diperkuat oleh kontribusi-kontribusi dalam buku ini, bahwa satu-satunya alasan paling penting dari ketidakmampuan untuk menerima kesalahan adalah sentralitas pembantaian Armenia dalam pembentukan negara-bangsa Turki. Psikologi kolektif yang lebih dalam yang mendasari sentimen ini mengasumsikan bahwa setiap langkah untuk mengakui kesalahan akan menempatkan fondasi negara-bangsa Turki dalam bahaya dan akan mengarah pada kehancurannya.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Introduction&amp;rft.btitle=World+War+I+and+the+End+of+the+Ottomans%3A+From+the+Balkan+Wars+to+the+Armenian+Genocide&amp;rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&amp;rft.date=2015&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-85772-744-2&amp;rft.aulast=Kieser&amp;rft.aufirst=Hans-Lukas&amp;rft.au=%C3%96ktem%2C+Kerem&amp;rft.au=Reinkowski%2C+Maurus&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomsburycollections.com%2Fbook%2Fworld-war-i-and-the-end-of-the-ottomans-from-the-balkan-wars-to-the-armenian-genocide%2Fintroduction-world-war-i-and-the-end-of-the-ottomans-from-the-balkan-wars-to-the-armenian-genocide%3Ffrom%3Dsearch&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="#CITEREFChorbajian2016">Chorbajian 2016</a>, hlm.&#160;169</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-unique_denial-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-unique_denial_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-unique_denial_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kekhasan upaya penyangkalan Turki: <ul><li><cite class="citation journal">Smith, Roger W. (2006). "The Significance of the Armenian Genocide after Ninety Years". <i>Genocide Studies and Prevention</i>. <b>1</b> (2): i–iv. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3138%2FG614-6623-M16G-3648">10.3138/G614-6623-M16G-3648</a>. <q>Genosida Armenia, pada kenyataannya, menerangi dengan kejelasan khusus tentang bahaya yang melekat pada manipulasi politik atas kebenaran melalui distorsi, penyangkalan, intimidasi, dan pemerasan ekonomi. Tidak ada contoh lain di mana sebuah pemerintah melakukan upaya ekstrem seperti itu untuk menyangkal bahwa genosida yang masif telah terjadi.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Genocide+Studies+and+Prevention&amp;rft.atitle=The+Significance+of+the+Armenian+Genocide+after+Ninety+Years&amp;rft.volume=1&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=i-iv&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3138%2FG614-6623-M16G-3648&amp;rft.aulast=Smith&amp;rft.aufirst=Roger+W.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><a href="#CITEREFAvedian2013">Avedian 2013</a>, hlm.&#160;79</li> <li><a href="#CITEREFAkçam2018">Akçam 2018</a>, hlm.&#160;2–3</li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colin_Tatz&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Colin Tatz (halaman belum tersedia)">Tatz, Colin</a> (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nd91DwAAQBAJ&amp;q=Armenian+genocide+Turkey+lobbying&amp;pg=PA68">"Why is the Armenian Genocide not as well known?"</a>. Dalam Bartrop, Paul R. <i>Modern Genocide: Analyzing the Controversies and Issues</i>. ABC-CLIO. hlm.&#160;71. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-4408-6468-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-4408-6468-1">978-1-4408-6468-1</a>. <q>Uniknya, seluruh aparat negara-bangsa telah ditugaskan untuk mengubah, memperbaiki, membelokkan, meredakan, menyangkal, mengelabui, membenarkan, mengaburkan, atau menghilangkan peristiwa tersebut. Tidak ada negara lain dalam sejarah yang begitu agresif mencari penindasan terhadap sepotong sejarahnya, mengancam segala sesuatu mulai dari pemutusan hubungan diplomatik atau perdagangan, penutupan pangkalan udara, hingga penghapusan entri tentang subjek tersebut dalam ensiklopedia internasional.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Why+is+the+Armenian+Genocide+not+as+well+known%3F&amp;rft.btitle=Modern+Genocide%3A+Analyzing+the+Controversies+and+Issues&amp;rft.pages=71&amp;rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&amp;rft.date=2018&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-4408-6468-1&amp;rft.aulast=Tatz&amp;rft.aufirst=Colin&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dnd91DwAAQBAJ%26q%3DArmenian%2Bgenocide%2BTurkey%2Blobbying%26pg%3DPA68&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDemirelEriksson202011-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDemirelEriksson202011_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDemirelEriksson202011_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDemirelEriksson2020">Demirel &amp; Eriksson 2020</a>, hlm.&#160;11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201112010935/http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2015/Jan-13/283961-only-9-percent-of-turks-say-armenian-killings-genocide-poll.ashx">"Only 9 Percent of Turks say Armenian Killings Genocide: Poll"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Daily_Star_(Lebanon)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="The Daily Star (Lebanon) (halaman belum tersedia)">The Daily Star</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Agence_France-Presse" title="Agence France-Presse">AFP</a>. 13 January 2015. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2015/Jan-13/283961-only-9-percent-of-turks-say-armenian-killings-genocide-poll.ashx">versi asli</a> tanggal 12 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&amp;rft.atitle=Only+9+Percent+of+Turks+say+Armenian+Killings+Genocide%3A+Poll&amp;rft.date=2015-01-13&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailystar.com.lb%2FNews%2FMiddle-East%2F2015%2FJan-13%2F283961-only-9-percent-of-turks-say-armenian-killings-genocide-poll.ashx&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Maranci-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Maranci_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christina_Maranci&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Christina Maranci (halaman belum tersedia)">Maranci, Christina</a> (2002). "The Art and Architecture of Baghesh/Bitlis and Taron/Mush". Dalam <a href="/wiki/Richard_G._Hovannisian" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard G. Hovannisian">Richard G. Hovannisian</a>. <i>Armenian Baghesh/Bitlis and Taron/Mush</i>. Mazda Press. hlm.&#160;120–122. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-56859-136-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-56859-136-0">978-1-56859-136-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=The+Art+and+Architecture+of+Baghesh%2FBitlis+and+Taron%2FMush&amp;rft.btitle=Armenian+Baghesh%2FBitlis+and+Taron%2FMush&amp;rft.pages=120-122&amp;rft.pub=Mazda+Press&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-56859-136-0&amp;rft.aulast=Maranci&amp;rft.aufirst=Christina&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Grigor_Suny" title="Ronald Grigor Suny">Suny, Ronald Grigor</a> (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lookingtowardara00rona"><i>Looking Toward Ararat: Armenia in Modern History</i></a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). <a href="/wiki/Indiana_University_Press" title="Indiana University Press">Indiana University Press</a>. hlm.&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lookingtowardara00rona/page/n18">3</a>, 30. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-253-20773-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-253-20773-9">978-0-253-20773-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Looking+Toward+Ararat%3A+Armenia+in+Modern+History&amp;rft.pages=3%2C+30&amp;rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1993&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-253-20773-9&amp;rft.aulast=Suny&amp;rft.aufirst=Ronald+Grigor&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flookingtowardara00rona&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESuny2015xiv-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuny2015xiv_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSuny2015">Suny 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;xiv.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESuny201526–27,_43–44-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuny201526–27,_43–44_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSuny2015">Suny 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;26–27, 43–44.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESuny2015105-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuny2015105_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSuny2015">Suny 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;105.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKévorkian201111,_71-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKévorkian201111,_71_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKévorkian2011">Kévorkian 2011</a>, hlm.&#160;11, 71.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESuny2015129,_170–171-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuny2015129,_170–171_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSuny2015">Suny 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;129, 170–171.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGöçek2015204,_206-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGöçek2015204,_206_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGöçek2015">Göçek 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;204, 206.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESuny2015127–129,_133,_170–171-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuny2015127–129,_133,_170–171_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSuny2015">Suny 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;127–129, 133, 170–171.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGöçek201562,_150-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGöçek201562,_150_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGöçek2015">Göçek 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;62, 150.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Maksudyan-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Maksudyan_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Maksudyan_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a href="/wiki/Nazan_Maksudyan" title="Nazan Maksudyan">Maksudyan, Nazan</a> (2019). "<span style="padding-left:0.2em;">"</span>This Is a Man's World?": On Fathers and Architects". <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Journal_of_Genocide_Research&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Journal of Genocide Research (halaman belum tersedia)">Journal of Genocide Research</a></i>. <b>21</b> (4): 540–544 [542]. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14623528.2019.1613816">10.1080/14623528.2019.1613816</a>. <q>Kaum nasionalis Turki mengikuti pola yang telah ditetapkan dengan tegas setelah pembantaian Hamidian, meskipun penelitian baru, mungkin membawa kronologi kejahatan dan penyangkalan tanpa hukuman lebih jauh ke belakang, pada paruh pertama abad kesembilan belas. Dalam setiap kasus kekerasan terhadap non-Muslim, reaksi pertama negara, meskipun terjadi perubahan rezim bersama dengan tokoh-tokoh yang terlibat, adalah penyangkalan.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Genocide+Research&amp;rft.atitle=%22This+Is+a+Man%27s+World%3F%22%3A+On+Fathers+and+Architects&amp;rft.volume=21&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.pages=540-544+542&amp;rft.date=2019&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14623528.2019.1613816&amp;rft.aulast=Maksudyan&amp;rft.aufirst=Nazan&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGöçek2015246–247-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGöçek2015246–247_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGöçek2015">Göçek 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;246–247.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESuny2015154–155,_189-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuny2015154–155,_189_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSuny2015">Suny 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;154–155, 189.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESuny2015184–185-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuny2015184–185_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSuny2015">Suny 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;184–185.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKévorkian2011137-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKévorkian2011137_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKévorkian2011">Kévorkian 2011</a>, hlm.&#160;137.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESuny2015185-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuny2015185_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSuny2015">Suny 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;185.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESuny2015223–224-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuny2015223–224_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSuny2015">Suny 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;223–224.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESuny2015218-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuny2015218_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSuny2015">Suny 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;218.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESuny2015243–244-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuny2015243–244_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuny2015243–244_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSuny2015">Suny 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;243–244.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDadrian2003277-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDadrian2003277_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDadrian2003">Dadrian 2003</a>, hlm.&#160;277.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaligian2014217-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaligian2014217_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKaligian2014">Kaligian 2014</a>, hlm.&#160;217.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESuny2015236-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuny2015236_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSuny2015">Suny 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;236.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKieser2018225-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKieser2018225_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKieser2018">Kieser 2018</a>, hlm.&#160;225.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESuny2015244–245-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuny2015244–245_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSuny2015">Suny 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;244–245. "Setiap insiden perlawanan Armenia, setiap penemuan gudang senjata, berubah menjadi visi pemberontakan Armenia yang terkoordinasi dan tersebar luas... Deportasi yang seolah-olah diambil karena alasan militer, dengan cepat menjadi radikal secara mengerikan menjadi kesempatan untuk menyingkirkan Anatolia sekaligus dan bagi semua orang, itu dianggap sebagai ancaman eksistensial yang mungkin segera terjadi untuk masa depan kekaisaran."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkçam2018158-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkçam2018158_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAkçam2018">Akçam 2018</a>, hlm.&#160;158.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Akçam, Taner (2019). "When Was the Decision to Annihilate the Armenians Taken?". <i>Journal of Genocide Research</i>. <b>21</b> (4): 457–480 [457]. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14623528.2019.1630893">10.1080/14623528.2019.1630893</a>. <q>Sebagian besar ahli menempatkan tanggal yang memungkinkan untuk keputusan akhir pada akhir Maret (atau awal April).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Genocide+Research&amp;rft.atitle=When+Was+the+Decision+to+Annihilate+the+Armenians+Taken%3F&amp;rft.volume=21&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.pages=457-480+457&amp;rft.date=2019&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14623528.2019.1630893&amp;rft.aulast=Ak%C3%A7am&amp;rft.aufirst=Taner&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESuny2015256–257-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuny2015256–257_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSuny2015">Suny 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;256–257.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIhrig2016109-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIhrig2016109_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFIhrig2016">Ihrig 2016</a>, hlm.&#160;109.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDadrian2003274-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDadrian2003274_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDadrian2003">Dadrian 2003</a>, hlm.&#160;274.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kaiser-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kaiser_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Kaiser, Hilmar (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199232116.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199232116-e-19">"Genocide at the Twilight of the Ottoman Empire"</a>. Dalam Bloxham, Donald; Moses, A. Dirk. <i>The Oxford Handbook of Genocide Studies</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. hlm.&#160;383. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-923211-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-923211-6">978-0-19-923211-6</a>. <q>Deportasi Armenia bukanlah hasil dari pemberontakan Armenia. Sebaliknya, orang-orang Armenia dideportasi ketika tidak ada gangguan bahaya dari luar. Jadi orang-orang Armenia dekat garis depan, sering dibantai di tempat dan tidak dideportasi. Deportasi bukanlah tindakan pengamanan terhadap pemberontakan, tetapi bergantung pada ketiadaan mereka.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Genocide+at+the+Twilight+of+the+Ottoman+Empire&amp;rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Genocide+Studies&amp;rft.pages=383&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-19-923211-6&amp;rft.aulast=Kaiser&amp;rft.aufirst=Hilmar&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordhandbooks.com%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Foxfordhb%2F9780199232116.001.0001%2Foxfordhb-9780199232116-e-19&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-awareness-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-awareness_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSuny2009">Suny 2009</a>, hlm.&#160;945<br /><a href="#CITEREFDadrian2003">Dadrian 2003</a>, hlm.&#160;275.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDadrianAkçam201118-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDadrianAkçam201118_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDadrianAkçam2011">Dadrian &amp; Akçam 2011</a>, hlm.&#160;18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Morris-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Morris_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Benny_Morris" title="Benny Morris">Morris, Benny</a>; <a href="/wiki/Dror_Ze%27evi" title="Dror Ze&#39;evi">Ze'evi, Dror</a> (2019). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Thirty-Year_Genocide" title="The Thirty-Year Genocide">The Thirty-Year Genocide: Turkey's Destruction of Its Christian Minorities, 1894–1924</a></i>. Harvard University Press. hlm.&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/thirtyyeargenoci0000morr/page/486">486</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-674-91645-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-674-91645-6">978-0-674-91645-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Thirty-Year+Genocide%3A+Turkey%27s+Destruction+of+Its+Christian+Minorities%2C+1894%E2%80%931924&amp;rft.pages=486&amp;rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2019&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-674-91645-6&amp;rft.aulast=Morris&amp;rft.aufirst=Benny&amp;rft.au=Ze%27evi%2C+Dror&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEkmekçioğlu20164-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEkmekçioğlu20164_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEkmekçioğlu2016">Ekmekçioğlu 2016</a>, hlm.&#160;4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkçam2012289–290,_331-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkçam2012289–290,_331_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAkçam2012">Akçam 2012</a>, hlm.&#160;289–290, 331.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon2010b105–106-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon2010b105–106_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDixon2010b">Dixon 2010b</a>, hlm.&#160;105–106.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkçam2012341-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkçam2012341_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAkçam2012">Akçam 2012</a>, hlm.&#160;341. "Berdasarkan Makalah Kementerian Dalam Negeri dari periode tersebut, dapat dengan yakin ditegaskan bahwa tujuan Komite Persatuan dan Kemajuan bukanlah memukimkan kembali para penduduk Armenia di Anatolia dan kompensasi yang setara atas barang-barang dan harta benda yang terpaksa mereka tinggalkan. Sebaliknya, penyitaan dan penggunaan barang-barang orang Armenia, selanjutnya dengan jelas menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan pemerintah Unionis dimaksudkan untuk sepenuhnya menghilangkan semua kemungkinan kelangsungan hidup orang Armenia."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGöçek2015250-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGöçek2015250_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGöçek2015">Göçek 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;250. "Kesetaraan palsu dari kekerasan Armenia dengan versi kekerasan Turki tersebut, menutupi perbedaan antara dua penderitaan, dengan mengabaikan dua faktor. Secara skala, kedua penderitaan-penderitaan tersebut jelas jauh berbeda. Kekerasan yang diderita Muslim di wilayah timur, menyebabkan kematian paling banyak 60.000 Muslim, tetapi kekerasan kolektif yang dilakukan Komite Persatuan dan Kemajuan mengakibatkan kematian setidaknya 800.000 orang Armenia."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvedian2012814_fn._102-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvedian2012814_fn._102_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAvedian2012">Avedian 2012</a>, hlm.&#160;814 fn. 102.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Waal201551–52-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Waal201551–52_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFde_Waal2015">de Waal 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;51–52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECheterian2018a189–190-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECheterian2018a189–190_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCheterian2018a">Cheterian 2018a</a>, hlm.&#160;189–190.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-denial-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-denial_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Definitions of denial: <ul><li><a href="#CITEREFHovannisian2015">Hovannisian 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;244.<span class="nowrap">&#160;</span></li> <li><a href="#CITEREFSmith2015">Smith 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;6</li> <li><a href="#CITEREFGöçek2015">Göçek 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;13</li> <li><a href="#CITEREFIhrig2016">Ihrig 2016</a>, hlm.&#160;12</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGöçek2015">Göçek 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;63<br /><a href="#CITEREFHovannisian2015">Hovannisian 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;229<br /><a href="#CITEREFAkçam2018">Akçam 2018</a>, hlm.&#160;3<br /><a href="#CITEREFCheterian2018a">Cheterian 2018a</a>, hlm.&#160;195<br /><a href="#CITEREFBloxham2005">Bloxham 2005</a>, hlm.&#160;111; <a href="#CITEREFAvedian2013">Avedian 2013</a>, hlm.&#160;79.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mamigonian61-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mamigonian61_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mamigonian61_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMamigonian2015">Mamigonian 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;61–62</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkçam20183-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkçam20183_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAkçam2018">Akçam 2018</a>, hlm.&#160;3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Dundar, Fuat (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6vdKDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=%22The+Armenian+Aspirations+and+Revolutionary+Movements%22&amp;pg=PT132"><i>Crime of Numbers: The Role of Statistics in the Armenian Question (1878–1918)</i></a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). Routledge. hlm.&#160;132. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-351-52503-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-351-52503-9">978-1-351-52503-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Crime+of+Numbers%3A+The+Role+of+Statistics+in+the+Armenian+Question+%281878%E2%80%931918%29&amp;rft.pages=132&amp;rft.pub=Routledge&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-351-52503-9&amp;rft.aulast=Dundar&amp;rft.aufirst=Fuat&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6vdKDwAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522The%2BArmenian%2BAspirations%2Band%2BRevolutionary%2BMovements%2522%26pg%3DPT132&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChorbajian2016170-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChorbajian2016170_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChorbajian2016170_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChorbajian2016">Chorbajian 2016</a>, hlm.&#160;170.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChorbajian2016171–172-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChorbajian2016171–172_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChorbajian2016">Chorbajian 2016</a>, hlm.&#160;171–172.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrekos_Varnava&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrekos Varnava (halaman belum tersedia)">Varnava</a>, Andrekos (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/gsp/vol10/iss1/13">"Book Review: Denial of Violence: Ottoman Past, Turkish Present and Collective Violence against the Armenians, 1789–2009"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Genocide_Studies_and_Prevention&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Genocide Studies and Prevention (halaman belum tersedia)">Genocide Studies and Prevention</a></i>. <b>10</b> (1): 121–123. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5038%2F1911-9933.10.1.1403">10.5038/1911-9933.10.1.1403</a>&#8239;<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dapat diakses gratis"><img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1911-0359">1911-0359</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Genocide+Studies+and+Prevention&amp;rft.atitle=Book+Review%3A+Denial+of+Violence%3A+Ottoman+Past%2C+Turkish+Present+and+Collective+Violence+against+the+Armenians%2C+1789%E2%80%932009&amp;rft.volume=10&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=121-123&amp;rft.date=2016&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5038%2F1911-9933.10.1.1403&amp;rft.issn=1911-0359&amp;rft.aulast=Varnava&amp;rft.aufirst=Andrekos&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholarcommons.usf.edu%2Fgsp%2Fvol10%2Fiss1%2F13&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHovannisian2015229-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHovannisian2015229_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHovannisian2015229_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHovannisian2015">Hovannisian 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;229.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGöçek2015248–249-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGöçek2015248–249_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGöçek2015">Göçek 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;248–249.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKévorkian2011810-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKévorkian2011810_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKévorkian2011810_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKévorkian2011">Kévorkian 2011</a>, hlm.&#160;810.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkçam2012361–362-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkçam2012361–362_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAkçam2012">Akçam 2012</a>, hlm.&#160;361–362.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvedian2012813-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvedian2012813_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAvedian2012">Avedian 2012</a>, hlm.&#160;813.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a href="/wiki/U%C4%9Fur_%C3%9Cmit_%C3%9Cng%C3%B6r" title="Uğur Ümit Üngör">Üngör, Uğur Ümit</a> (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.openedition.org/ejts/2583#ftn1">"Geographies of Nationalism and Violence: Rethinking Young Turk 'Social Engineering<span style="padding-right:0.2em;">'</span>"</a>. <i>European Journal of Turkish Studies. Social Sciences on Contemporary Turkey</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris) (7). <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4000%2Fejts.2583">10.4000/ejts.2583</a>&#8239;<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dapat diakses gratis"><img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1773-0546">1773-0546</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Turkish+Studies.+Social+Sciences+on+Contemporary+Turkey&amp;rft.atitle=Geographies+of+Nationalism+and+Violence%3A+Rethinking+Young+Turk+%27Social+Engineering%27&amp;rft.issue=7&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4000%2Fejts.2583&amp;rft.issn=1773-0546&amp;rft.aulast=%C3%9Cng%C3%B6r&amp;rft.aufirst=U%C4%9Fur+%C3%9Cmit&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.openedition.org%2Fejts%2F2583%23ftn1&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zurcher308-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Zurcher308_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZürcher2011">Zürcher 2011</a>, hlm.&#160;308</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zurcher316-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Zurcher316_66-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zurcher316_66-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZürcher2011">Zürcher 2011</a>, hlm.&#160;316. "</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAvedian2012">Avedian 2012</a>, hlm.&#160;806; <a href="#CITEREFCheterian2015">Cheterian 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;155; <a href="#CITEREFBaer2020">Baer 2020</a>, hlm.&#160;83; <a href="#CITEREFDixon2010a">Dixon 2010a</a>, hlm.&#160;468</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKieser2018385–386-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKieser2018385–386_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKieser2018">Kieser 2018</a>, hlm.&#160;385–386.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ekm7-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ekm7_69-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ekm7_69-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEkmekçioğlu2016">Ekmekçioğlu 2016</a>, hlm.&#160;7. "</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUlgen2010376–377-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUlgen2010376–377_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUlgen2010">Ulgen 2010</a>, hlm.&#160;376–377.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESuny2015340–341-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuny2015340–341_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSuny2015">Suny 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;340–341.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBloxham2005101–102-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBloxham2005101–102_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBloxham2005">Bloxham 2005</a>, hlm.&#160;101–102.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia"><a href="/wiki/Rouben_Paul_Adalian" class="mw-redirect" title="Rouben Paul Adalian">Adalian, Rouben Paul</a> (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.armenian-genocide.org/kemal.html">"Ataturk, Mustafa Kemal"</a>. Dalam Charny, Israel W. <i>Encyclopedia of Genocide: A–H</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris). <a href="/w/index.php?title=ABC-CLIO&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="ABC-CLIO (halaman belum tersedia)">ABC-CLIO</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-87436-928-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-87436-928-1">978-0-87436-928-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Ataturk%2C+Mustafa+Kemal&amp;rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Genocide%3A+A%E2%80%93H&amp;rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&amp;rft.date=1999&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-87436-928-1&amp;rft.aulast=Adalian&amp;rft.aufirst=Rouben+Paul&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.armenian-genocide.org%2Fkemal.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvedian2012818-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvedian2012818_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAvedian2012">Avedian 2012</a>, hlm.&#160;818.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKieser2018319–320-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKieser2018319–320_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKieser2018">Kieser 2018</a>, hlm.&#160;319–320.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKévorkian2011810–811-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKévorkian2011810–811_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKévorkian2011">Kévorkian 2011</a>, hlm.&#160;810–811.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGöçek201145–46-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGöçek201145–46_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGöçek2011">Göçek 2011</a>, hlm.&#160;45–46. "First, none of these works, originally penned around the time of the events of 1915, question the occurrence of the Armenian "massacres" ("genocide" did not yet exist as a term)... The later ones, increasingly imbued with protonationalist sentiments, view the committed crimes as a duty necessary for the establishment and preservation of a Turkish fatherland."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvedian2012816-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvedian2012816_78-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvedian2012816_78-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAvedian2012">Avedian 2012</a>, hlm.&#160;816.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUlgen2010378–380-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUlgen2010378–380_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUlgen2010">Ulgen 2010</a>, hlm.&#160;378–380.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUlgen2010371-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUlgen2010371_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUlgen2010">Ulgen 2010</a>, hlm.&#160;371.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaer202079-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaer202079_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBaer2020">Baer 2020</a>, hlm.&#160;79.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZürcher2011312-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZürcher2011312_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZürcher2011">Zürcher 2011</a>, hlm.&#160;312.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKieser2018419-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKieser2018419_83-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKieser2018">Kieser 2018</a>, hlm.&#160;419.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGöçek2015267-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGöçek2015267_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGöçek2015">Göçek 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;267.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAybak201614-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAybak201614_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAybak2016">Aybak 2016</a>, hlm.&#160;14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkçam2012xi-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkçam2012xi_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAkçam2012">Akçam 2012</a>, hlm.&#160;xi.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a href="/wiki/Tessa_Hofmann" title="Tessa Hofmann">Hofmann, Tessa</a> (2016). "Open Wounds: Armenians, Turks, and a Century of Genocide by Vicken Cheterian". <i>Histoire sociale/Social history</i>. <b>49</b> (100): 662–664. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fhis.2016.0046">10.1353/his.2016.0046</a>. <q>Pendirian republik Turki dan para pelaku genosida Komite Persatuan dan Kemajuan hingga hari ini diperingati dengan penuh kebanggaan. Masjid, sekolah dan taman kanak-kanak, jalan raya, dan alun-alun di Turki terus menyandang nama para pelaku tingkat tinggi.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Histoire+sociale%2FSocial+history&amp;rft.atitle=Open+Wounds%3A+Armenians%2C+Turks%2C+and+a+Century+of+Genocide+by+Vicken+Cheterian&amp;rft.volume=49&amp;rft.issue=100&amp;rft.pages=662-664&amp;rft.date=2016&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fhis.2016.0046&amp;rft.aulast=Hofmann&amp;rft.aufirst=Tessa&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><br /><a href="#CITEREFKieser2018">Kieser 2018</a>, hlm.&#160;xii<br /><a href="#CITEREFAvedian2012">Avedian 2012</a>, hlm.&#160;816</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKévorkian2011811-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKévorkian2011811_88-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKévorkian2011">Kévorkian 2011</a>, hlm.&#160;811.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Arango-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Arango_89-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tim_Arango&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tim Arango (halaman belum tersedia)">Arango, Tim</a> (16 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150416141644/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/17/world/europe/turkeys-century-of-denial-about-an-armenian-genocide.html">"A Century After Armenian Genocide, Turkey's Denial Only Deepens"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/17/world/europe/turkeys-century-of-denial-about-an-armenian-genocide.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 16 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">15 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=A+Century+After+Armenian+Genocide%2C+Turkey%27s+Denial+Only+Deepens&amp;rft.date=2015-04-16&amp;rft.aulast=Arango&amp;rft.aufirst=Tim&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2015%2F04%2F17%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fturkeys-century-of-denial-about-an-armenian-genocide.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGürpınar2013420-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGürpınar2013420_90-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGürpınar2013">Gürpınar 2013</a>, hlm.&#160;420. "...the official narrative on the Armenian massacres constituted one of the principal pillars of the regime of truth of the Turkish state. Culpability for these massacres would incur enormous moral liability; tarnish the self-styled claim to national innocence, benevolence and self-reputation of the Turkish state and the Turkish people; and blemish the course of Turkish history. Apparently, this would also be tantamount to casting doubt on the credibility of the foundational axioms of Kemalism and the Turkish nation-state."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBilali201329-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBilali201329_91-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBilali2013">Bilali 2013</a>, hlm.&#160;29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon2010b106-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon2010b106_92-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDixon2010b">Dixon 2010b</a>, hlm.&#160;106.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon2010b107-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon2010b107_93-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDixon2010b">Dixon 2010b</a>, hlm.&#160;107.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkçam2012xii-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkçam2012xii_94-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkçam2012xii_94-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAkçam2012">Akçam 2012</a>, hlm.&#160;xii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvedian2012799-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvedian2012799_95-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAvedian2012">Avedian 2012</a>, hlm.&#160;799.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkçam2012xi._&quot;-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkçam2012xi._&quot;_96-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAkçam2012">Akçam 2012</a>, hlm.&#160;xi. "'National security' not only explained and justified the traumatic events of the past but would also support the construction of genocide denial in the future. Thereafter, an open and frank discussion of history would be perceived as a subversive act aimed at partitioning the state. Well into the new millennium, Turkish citizens who demanded an honest historical accounting were still being treated as national security risks, branded as traitors to the homeland or dupes of hostile foreign powers, and targeted with threats."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGürpınar2016224–225-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGürpınar2016224–225_97-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGürpınar2016">Gürpınar 2016</a>, hlm.&#160;224–225.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Dixon, Jennifer M. (2018). <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dark_Pasts&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Dark Pasts (halaman belum tersedia)">Dark Pasts: Changing the State's Story in Turkey and Japan</a></i> (dalam bahasa Inggris). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cornell_University_Press&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Cornell University Press (halaman belum tersedia)">Cornell University Press</a>. hlm.&#160;42. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-5017-3025-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-5017-3025-2">978-1-5017-3025-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Dark+Pasts%3A+Changing+the+State%27s+Story+in+Turkey+and+Japan&amp;rft.pages=42&amp;rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2018&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-5017-3025-2&amp;rft.aulast=Dixon&amp;rft.aufirst=Jennifer+M.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkçam2018157-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkçam2018157_99-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAkçam2018">Akçam 2018</a>, hlm.&#160;157.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDemirdjian201813-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDemirdjian201813_100-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDemirdjian2018">Demirdjian 2018</a>, hlm.&#160;13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZürcher2011316-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZürcher2011316_101-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZürcher2011">Zürcher 2011</a>, hlm.&#160;316.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChorbajian2016173-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChorbajian2016173_102-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChorbajian2016173_102-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChorbajian2016">Chorbajian 2016</a>, hlm.&#160;173.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECheterian201565-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECheterian201565_103-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCheterian2015">Cheterian 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAkçam2012">Akçam 2012</a>, hlm.&#160;54–55; <a href="#CITEREFCheterian2015">Cheterian 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;64–65; <a href="#CITEREFChorbajian2016">Chorbajian 2016</a>, hlm.&#160;174; <a href="#CITEREFMacDonald2008">MacDonald 2008</a>, hlm.&#160;121.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEÜngör2014165–166-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEÜngör2014165–166_105-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFÜngör2014">Üngör 2014</a>, hlm.&#160;165–166.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Waal201554-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Waal201554_106-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFde_Waal2015">de Waal 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkçam20126-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkçam20126_107-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAkçam2012">Akçam 2012</a>, hlm.&#160;6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkçam20188-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkçam20188_108-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAkçam2018">Akçam 2018</a>, hlm.&#160;8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon2010a473-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon2010a473_109-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon2010a473_109-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon2010a473_109-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon2010a473_109-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDixon2010a">Dixon 2010a</a>, hlm.&#160;473.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECheterian2018a205-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECheterian2018a205_110-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCheterian2018a">Cheterian 2018a</a>, hlm.&#160;205.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAuron2003259-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAuron2003259_111-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAuron2003">Auron 2003</a>, hlm.&#160;259.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon2010a473–474-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon2010a473–474_112-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDixon2010a">Dixon 2010a</a>, hlm.&#160;473–474.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaer202082-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaer202082_113-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBaer2020">Baer 2020</a>, hlm.&#160;82.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGöçek201143–44-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGöçek201143–44_114-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGöçek2011">Göçek 2011</a>, hlm.&#160;43–44.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUlgen2010384–386,_390-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUlgen2010384–386,_390_115-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFUlgen2010">Ulgen 2010</a>, hlm.&#160;384–386, 390.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMamigonian201563-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMamigonian201563_116-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMamigonian2015">Mamigonian 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;63.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGürpınar2016219–220-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGürpınar2016219–220_117-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGürpınar2016">Gürpınar 2016</a>, hlm.&#160;219–220.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaer2020116–117-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaer2020116–117_118-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBaer2020">Baer 2020</a>, hlm.&#160;116–117.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGöçek201144-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGöçek201144_119-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGöçek2011">Göçek 2011</a>, hlm.&#160;44.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBayraktar2015802-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBayraktar2015802_120-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBayraktar2015">Bayraktar 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;802.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGürpınar2013423-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGürpınar2013423_121-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGürpınar2013">Gürpınar 2013</a>, hlm.&#160;423.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGalip2020153-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGalip2020153_122-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGalip2020">Galip 2020</a>, hlm.&#160;153.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGürpınar2013421-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGürpınar2013421_123-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGürpınar2013">Gürpınar 2013</a>, hlm.&#160;421.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGöçek2015293-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGöçek2015293_124-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGöçek2015">Göçek 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;293.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFde_Waal2015">de Waal 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;182; <a href="#CITEREFSuny2009">Suny 2009</a>, hlm.&#160;938; <a href="#CITEREFCheterian2015">Cheterian 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;140–141; <a href="#CITEREFGürpınar2013">Gürpınar 2013</a>, hlm.&#160;419.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGöçek2015468-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGöçek2015468_126-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGöçek2015">Göçek 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;468.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESuny2009942-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuny2009942_127-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSuny2009">Suny 2009</a>, hlm.&#160;942.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBayraktar2015804–805-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBayraktar2015804–805_128-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBayraktar2015">Bayraktar 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;804–805.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGürpınar2013419–420-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGürpınar2013419–420_129-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGürpınar2013419–420_129-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGürpınar2013">Gürpınar 2013</a>, hlm.&#160;419–420.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGürpınar2013420,_422,_424-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGürpınar2013420,_422,_424_130-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGürpınar2013">Gürpınar 2013</a>, hlm.&#160;420, 422, 424.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEErbal2015786–787-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErbal2015786–787_131-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFErbal2015">Erbal 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;786–787.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Waal2015182-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Waal2015182_132-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFde_Waal2015">de Waal 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;182.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Freely, Maureen (23 October 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/oct/23/books.turkey">"<span style="padding-left:0.2em;">'</span>I Stand by My Words. And Even More, I Stand by My Right to Say Them...<span style="padding-right:0.2em;">'</span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i> (dalam bahasa Inggris)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">9 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&amp;rft.atitle=%27I+Stand+by+My+Words.+And+Even+More%2C+I+Stand+by+My+Right+to+Say+Them...%27&amp;rft.date=2005-10-23&amp;rft.aulast=Freely&amp;rft.aufirst=Maureen&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2005%2Foct%2F23%2Fbooks.turkey&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGöçek20152._&quot;-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGöçek20152._&quot;_134-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGöçek2015">Göçek 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;2. "Because of this partial use of sources, the Western scholarly community finds the ensuing Turkish official discourse unscientific, propagandistic, and rhetorical and therefore does not address or engage it."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEErbal2015786-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErbal2015786_135-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFErbal2015">Erbal 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;786.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEkmekçioğlu2016xii-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEkmekçioğlu2016xii_136-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEkmekçioğlu2016">Ekmekçioğlu 2016</a>, hlm.&#160;xii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGöçek201563–64-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGöçek201563–64_137-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGöçek201563–64_137-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGöçek2015">Göçek 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;63–64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Kale, Yeliz (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kutaksam.karabuk.edu.tr/index.php/ilk/article/view/1655">"The Opinions of Author Related to Trade Books Published for Students in History Teaching"</a>. <i>Tarih Kültür ve Sanat Araştırmaları Dergisi</i>. <b>7</b> (3). <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/2147-0626">2147-0626</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Tarih+K%C3%BClt%C3%BCr+ve+Sanat+Ara%C5%9Ft%C4%B1rmalar%C4%B1+Dergisi&amp;rft.atitle=The+Opinions+of+Author+Related+to+Trade+Books+Published+for+Students+in+History+Teaching&amp;rft.volume=7&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.date=2018&amp;rft.issn=2147-0626&amp;rft.aulast=Kale&amp;rft.aufirst=Yeliz&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkutaksam.karabuk.edu.tr%2Findex.php%2Filk%2Farticle%2Fview%2F1655&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Beberapa sekolah swasta dan sejumlah kecil sekolah negeri juga memakai buku-buku pelajaran alternatif yang tak diakui oleh Kementerian Pendidikan.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon2010b105-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon2010b105_140-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDixon2010b">Dixon 2010b</a>, hlm.&#160;105.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAybak201613-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAybak201613_141-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAybak2016">Aybak 2016</a>, hlm.&#160;13. "This officially distributed educational material reconstructs the history in line with the denial policies of the government portraying the Armenians as backstabbers and betrayers, who are portrayed as a threat to the sovereignty and identity of modern Turkey. The demonization of the Armenians in Turkish education is a prevailing occurrence that is underwritten by the government to reinforce the denial discourse."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGalip2020186._&quot;-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGalip2020186._&quot;_142-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGalip2020">Galip 2020</a>, hlm.&#160;186. "Additionally, for instance, the racism and language of hatred in officially approved school textbooks is very intense. These books still show Armenians as the enemies, so it would be necessary for these books to be amended..."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECheterian201564-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECheterian201564_143-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCheterian2015">Cheterian 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGürpınar2016234-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGürpınar2016234_144-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGürpınar2016234_144-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGürpınar2016">Gürpınar 2016</a>, hlm.&#160;234.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon2010b104-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon2010b104_145-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDixon2010b">Dixon 2010b</a>, hlm.&#160;104.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon2010b104,_116–117-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon2010b104,_116–117_146-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDixon2010b">Dixon 2010b</a>, hlm.&#160;104, 116–117.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBilali201319–20-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBilali201319–20_147-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBilali2013">Bilali 2013</a>, hlm.&#160;19–20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon2010b115-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon2010b115_148-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDixon2010b">Dixon 2010b</a>, hlm.&#160;115.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBilali201319-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBilali201319_149-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBilali2013">Bilali 2013</a>, hlm.&#160;19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGöçek20154,_10-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGöçek20154,_10_150-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGöçek2015">Göçek 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;4, 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEErbal201252-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErbal201252_151-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFErbal2012">Erbal 2012</a>, hlm.&#160;52. "Turkish civil society and the academic and intellectual establishment within that civil society have also been either actively in denial or in some cases in service of a denialist state agenda or standing passively silent – another form of denial – for over 90 years."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Galip, Özlem Belçim (2019). "The Armenian Genocide and Armenian Identity in Modern Turkish Novels". <i>Turkish Studies</i>. <b>20</b> (1): 92–119 [99]. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14683849.2018.1439383">10.1080/14683849.2018.1439383</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Turkish+Studies&amp;rft.atitle=The+Armenian+Genocide+and+Armenian+Identity+in+Modern+Turkish+Novels&amp;rft.volume=20&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=92-119+99&amp;rft.date=2019&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14683849.2018.1439383&amp;rft.aulast=Galip&amp;rft.aufirst=%C3%96zlem+Bel%C3%A7im&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEÜngör2014147-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEÜngör2014147_153-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFÜngör2014">Üngör 2014</a>, hlm.&#160;147.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGalip202095-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGalip202095_154-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGalip2020">Galip 2020</a>, hlm.&#160;95.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEErbal2015785-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErbal2015785_155-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFErbal2015">Erbal 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;785.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDemirelEriksson20209-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDemirelEriksson20209_156-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDemirelEriksson2020">Demirel &amp; Eriksson 2020</a>, hlm.&#160;9. "Turkish people['s]... narratives were based on the idea that Armenians were the perpetrators and that the Turks were the 'real' victims... the dominant Turkish response is a rejection of genocide allegations. The massacres, when admitted, are justified by the Turkish narrative of an alleged Armenian betrayal and the slaughter of Turks by Armenians. Losses during the exile are excused via a narrative of disease, and the attacks of rogue gangs."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGöçek20151-157"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGöçek20151_157-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGöçek2015">Göçek 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Karaveli, Halil (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whyturkeyisautho0000kara"><i>Why Turkey is Authoritarian: From Atatürk to Erdoğan</i></a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pluto_Press&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pluto Press (halaman belum tersedia)">Pluto Press</a>. hlm.&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whyturkeyisautho0000kara/page/27">27</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-7453-3756-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-7453-3756-2">978-0-7453-3756-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Why+Turkey+is+Authoritarian%3A+From+Atat%C3%BCrk+to+Erdo%C4%9Fan&amp;rft.pages=27&amp;rft.pub=Pluto+Press&amp;rft.date=2018&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7453-3756-2&amp;rft.aulast=Karaveli&amp;rft.aufirst=Halil&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwhyturkeyisautho0000kara&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Oranlı, Imge (2021). "Epistemic Injustice from Afar: Rethinking the Denial of Armenian Genocide". <i>Social Epistemology</i>. <b>35</b> (2): 120–132. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F02691728.2020.1839593">10.1080/02691728.2020.1839593</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Social+Epistemology&amp;rft.atitle=Epistemic+Injustice+from+Afar%3A+Rethinking+the+Denial+of+Armenian+Genocide&amp;rft.volume=35&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=120-132&amp;rft.date=2021&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F02691728.2020.1839593&amp;rft.aulast=Oranl%C4%B1&amp;rft.aufirst=Imge&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Kasbarian, Sossie; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerem_%C3%96ktem&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kerem Öktem (halaman belum tersedia)">Öktem, Kerem</a> (2014). "Armenians, Turks and Kurds beyond denial: an introduction". <i>Patterns of Prejudice</i>. <b>48</b> (2): 115–120 [115–116]. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F0031322X.2014.910893">10.1080/0031322X.2014.910893</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Patterns+of+Prejudice&amp;rft.atitle=Armenians%2C+Turks+and+Kurds+beyond+denial%3A+an+introduction&amp;rft.volume=48&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=115-120+115-116&amp;rft.date=2014&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F0031322X.2014.910893&amp;rft.aulast=Kasbarian&amp;rft.aufirst=Sossie&amp;rft.au=%C3%96ktem%2C+Kerem&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBilali201325,_28-161"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBilali201325,_28_161-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBilali2013">Bilali 2013</a>, hlm.&#160;25, 28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGöçek2015477-162"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGöçek2015477_162-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGöçek2015">Göçek 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;477.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECheterian2015273–275-163"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECheterian2015273–275_163-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCheterian2015">Cheterian 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;273–275.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGalip2020162–163-164"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGalip2020162–163_164-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGalip2020">Galip 2020</a>, hlm.&#160;162–163.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGalip202060-165"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGalip202060_165-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGalip2020">Galip 2020</a>, hlm.&#160;60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECheterian2018a203–204-166"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECheterian2018a203–204_166-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCheterian2018a">Cheterian 2018a</a>, hlm.&#160;203–204.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gurp425-167"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gurp425_167-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFGürpınar2013">Gürpınar 2013</a>, hlm.&#160;425–426)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Palabiyik, Mustafa Serdar (2018). "Politicization of Recent Turkish History: (Ab)use of History as a Political Discourse in Turkey". <i>Turkish Studies</i>. <b>19</b> (2): 240–263 [254–255]. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14683849.2017.1408414">10.1080/14683849.2017.1408414</a>. <q>... tidak seperti CHP, beberapa simpatisan AKP menyalahkan mentalitas Unionis atas apa yang terjadi pada tahun 1915 terhadap orang-orang Armenia Utsmaniyah dengan melabelinya sebagai insiden yang tidak manusiawi atau kejahatan terhadap kemanusiaan; namun sama seperti CHP, mereka ragu-ragu untuk mengakui " relokasi ini" sebagai genosida. Hal ini disajikan sebagai cara ketiga antara penyangkalan genosida dan pengakuan genosida. Davutoğlu menyebutnya sebagai 'pendekatan penderitaan bersama' yang berfokus pada penderitaan kumulatif rakyat Ottoman selama Perang Dunia I...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Turkish+Studies&amp;rft.atitle=Politicization+of+Recent+Turkish+History%3A+%28Ab%29use+of+History+as+a+Political+Discourse+in+Turkey&amp;rft.volume=19&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=240-263+254-255&amp;rft.date=2018&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14683849.2017.1408414&amp;rft.aulast=Palabiyik&amp;rft.aufirst=Mustafa+Serdar&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGalip202060–61,_84-169"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGalip202060–61,_84_169-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGalip2020">Galip 2020</a>, hlm.&#160;60–61, 84.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGalip202087,_163-170"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGalip202087,_163_170-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGalip2020">Galip 2020</a>, hlm.&#160;87, 163.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Mouradian, Khatchig (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://networks.h-net.org/node/28443/reviews/5117018/mouradian-dixon-dark-pasts-changing-states-story-turkey-and-japan">"Mouradian on Dixon, 'Dark Pasts: Changing the State's Story in Turkey and Japan<span style="padding-right:0.2em;">'</span>"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=H-Net&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="H-Net (halaman belum tersedia)">H-Net</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=H-Net&amp;rft.atitle=Mouradian+on+Dixon%2C+%27Dark+Pasts%3A+Changing+the+State%27s+Story+in+Turkey+and+Japan%27&amp;rft.date=2019&amp;rft.aulast=Mouradian&amp;rft.aufirst=Khatchig&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnetworks.h-net.org%2Fnode%2F28443%2Freviews%2F5117018%2Fmouradian-dixon-dark-pasts-changing-states-story-turkey-and-japan&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkçam2008121-172"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkçam2008121_172-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAkçam2008">Akçam 2008</a>, hlm.&#160;121. "...the Turkish state... posits that the situation under review here does not warrant the use of the term 'crime'; even though there were some deaths, a state has the right to resort to such an operation."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECheterian2015305-173"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECheterian2015305_173-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCheterian2015">Cheterian 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;305.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Koc, Cagan (24 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-04-24/erdogan-says-deporting-armenians-was-appropriate-at-the-time">"Erdogan Says Deporting Armenians Was 'Appropriate' at the Time"</a>. <i>Bloomberg.com</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Bloomberg.com&amp;rft.atitle=Erdogan+Says+Deporting+Armenians+Was+%27Appropriate%27+at+the+Time&amp;rft.date=2019-04-24&amp;rft.aulast=Koc&amp;rft.aufirst=Cagan&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2019-04-24%2Ferdogan-says-deporting-armenians-was-appropriate-at-the-time&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMamigonian201562-175"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMamigonian201562_175-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMamigonian2015">Mamigonian 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;62.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChorbajian2016174-176"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChorbajian2016174_176-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChorbajian2016">Chorbajian 2016</a>, hlm.&#160;174.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBloxham2005208-177"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBloxham2005208_177-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBloxham2005208_177-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBloxham2005">Bloxham 2005</a>, hlm.&#160;208.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIhrig2016163–164-178"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIhrig2016163–164_178-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFIhrig2016">Ihrig 2016</a>, hlm.&#160;163–164.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith20156-179"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith20156_179-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith20156_179-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith20156_179-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmith2015">Smith 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBen_Aharon2019345-180"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBen_Aharon2019345_180-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBen_Aharon2019345_180-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBen_Aharon2019">Ben Aharon 2019</a>, hlm.&#160;345.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvedian201380-181"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvedian201380_181-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAvedian2013">Avedian 2013</a>, hlm.&#160;80.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBloxham2005207-182"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBloxham2005207_182-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBloxham2005">Bloxham 2005</a>, hlm.&#160;207.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECheterian2018a207-183"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECheterian2018a207_183-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCheterian2018a">Cheterian 2018a</a>, hlm.&#160;207.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChorbajian2016172-184"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChorbajian2016172_184-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChorbajian2016">Chorbajian 2016</a>, hlm.&#160;172.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvedian2012812–813-185"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvedian2012812–813_185-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAvedian2012">Avedian 2012</a>, hlm.&#160;812–813.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Scharf, Michael (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1015&amp;context=lcp">"The Letter of the Law: The Scope of the International Legal Obligation to Prosecute Human Rights Crimes"</a>. <i>Law and Contemporary Problems</i>. <b>59</b> (4): 41–61 [57]. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1192189">10.2307/1192189</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0023-9186">0023-9186</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/1192189">1192189</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Law+and+Contemporary+Problems&amp;rft.atitle=The+Letter+of+the+Law%3A+The+Scope+of+the+International+Legal+Obligation+to+Prosecute+Human+Rights+Crimes&amp;rft.volume=59&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.pages=41-61+57&amp;rft.date=1996&amp;rft.issn=0023-9186&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1192189&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1192189&amp;rft.aulast=Scharf&amp;rft.aufirst=Michael&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholarship.law.duke.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1015%26context%3Dlcp&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon2010a470–471-187"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon2010a470–471_187-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDixon2010a">Dixon 2010a</a>, hlm.&#160;470–471.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon2010a477–478-188"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon2010a477–478_188-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDixon2010a">Dixon 2010a</a>, hlm.&#160;477–478.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-civilnet-189"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-civilnet_189-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-civilnet_189-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210116221446/https://www.civilnet.am/news/2020/07/09/Taner-Ak%C3%A7am-T%C3%BCrkiye%E2%80%99nin-soyk%C4%B1r%C4%B1m-konusunda-her-bak%C4%B1mdan-izole-oldu%C4%9Funu-s%C3%B6yleyebiliriz/389527">"Taner Akçam: Türkiye'nin, soykırım konusunda her bakımdan izole olduğunu söyleyebiliriz"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=CivilNet&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="CivilNet (halaman belum tersedia)">CivilNet</a></i> (dalam bahasa Turki). 9 Juli 2020. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.civilnet.am/news/2020/07/09/Taner-Ak%C3%A7am-T%C3%BCrkiye%E2%80%99nin-soyk%C4%B1r%C4%B1m-konusunda-her-bak%C4%B1mdan-izole-oldu%C4%9Funu-s%C3%B6yleyebiliriz/389527">versi asli</a> tanggal 16 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=CivilNet&amp;rft.atitle=Taner+Ak%C3%A7am%3A+T%C3%BCrkiye%27nin%2C+soyk%C4%B1r%C4%B1m+konusunda+her+bak%C4%B1mdan+izole+oldu%C4%9Funu+s%C3%B6yleyebiliriz&amp;rft.date=2020-07-09&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.civilnet.am%2Fnews%2F2020%2F07%2F09%2FTaner-Ak%25C3%25A7am-T%25C3%25BCrkiye%25E2%2580%2599nin-soyk%25C4%25B1r%25C4%25B1m-konusunda-her-bak%25C4%25B1mdan-izole-oldu%25C4%259Funu-s%25C3%25B6yleyebiliriz%2F389527&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChorbajian2016178-190"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChorbajian2016178_190-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChorbajian2016">Chorbajian 2016</a>, hlm.&#160;178.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaer202021,_145-191"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaer202021,_145_191-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBaer2020">Baer 2020</a>, hlm.&#160;21, 145. "The turn to Jews as lobbyists on Turkey's behalf was based not only on the old myth of Turkish–Jewish friendship, but also on the anti-Semitic conspiracy theory that Jews control world governments, finance, and media."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGöçek20152-192"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGöçek20152_192-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGöçek20152_192-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGöçek20152_192-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGöçek2015">Göçek 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIhrig2016277–279-193"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIhrig2016277–279_193-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFIhrig2016">Ihrig 2016</a>, hlm.&#160;277–279.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKieser201821-194"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKieser201821_194-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKieser2018">Kieser 2018</a>, hlm.&#160;21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIhrig2016185-195"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIhrig2016185_195-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFIhrig2016">Ihrig 2016</a>, hlm.&#160;185.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnderson2011206-196"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnderson2011206_196-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAnderson2011">Anderson 2011</a>, hlm.&#160;206.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnderson2011206–207-197"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnderson2011206–207_197-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAnderson2011">Anderson 2011</a>, hlm.&#160;206–207.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnderson2011210-198"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnderson2011210_198-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAnderson2011">Anderson 2011</a>, hlm.&#160;210.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIhrig2016150–151-199"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIhrig2016150–151_199-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFIhrig2016">Ihrig 2016</a>, hlm.&#160;150–151.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIhrig2016293-200"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIhrig2016293_200-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFIhrig2016">Ihrig 2016</a>, hlm.&#160;293. "...&#160;while the mood and the overwhelming evidence were such that genocide could no longer be denied, many nationalist papers now both accepted the charge of genocide against the Turks and justified it at the very same time."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Fleck, André (2014). <i>Machtfaktor Diaspora?: Armenische Interessenvertretung in Deutschland</i> &#91;<i>Diaspora Power Broker? Representation of Armenian Interests in Germany</i>&#93; (dalam bahasa Jerman). <a href="/w/index.php?title=LIT_Verlag&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="LIT Verlag (halaman belum tersedia)">LIT Verlag</a>. hlm.&#160;268–270. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-3-643-12762-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-3-643-12762-4">978-3-643-12762-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Machtfaktor+Diaspora%3F%3A+Armenische+Interessenvertretung+in+Deutschland&amp;rft.pages=268-270&amp;rft.pub=LIT+Verlag&amp;rft.date=2014&amp;rft.isbn=978-3-643-12762-4&amp;rft.aulast=Fleck&amp;rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><br /><cite class="citation book">von Bieberstein, Alice (2017). "Memorial Miracle: Inspiring Vergangenheitsbewältigung Between Berlin and Istanbul". <i>Replicating Atonement: Foreign Models in the Commemoration of Atrocities</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris). Springer International Publishing. hlm.&#160;237–265 [259]. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-3-319-65027-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-3-319-65027-2">978-3-319-65027-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Memorial+Miracle%3A+Inspiring+Vergangenheitsbew%C3%A4ltigung+Between+Berlin+and+Istanbul&amp;rft.btitle=Replicating+Atonement%3A+Foreign+Models+in+the+Commemoration+of+Atrocities&amp;rft.pages=237-265+259&amp;rft.pub=Springer+International+Publishing&amp;rft.date=2017&amp;rft.isbn=978-3-319-65027-2&amp;rft.aulast=von+Bieberstein&amp;rft.aufirst=Alice&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGalip202097,_163-202"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGalip202097,_163_202-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGalip2020">Galip 2020</a>, hlm.&#160;97, 163. "The AKP government, a considerable number of Turkish groups, the opposition party in the Turkish parliament, institutions and both pro-government and anti-government Turkish media waged a war against <a href="/wiki/Cem_%C3%96zdemir" title="Cem Özdemir">[Cem] Özdemir</a> and the German parliament expressing Islamic superiority, denial, hatred of Armenians and excusing the Armenian massacres by accusing Armenians of collaborating with Russia during the First World War."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBen_Aharon2019343-203"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBen_Aharon2019343_203-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBen_Aharon2019343_203-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBen_Aharon2019">Ben Aharon 2019</a>, hlm.&#160;343.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Eubel, Cordula; Haselberger, Stephan (28 Mei 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tagesspiegel.de/politik/voelkermord-an-den-armeniern-tuerken-demonstrieren-in-berlin-gegen-resolution-des-bundestages/13655706.html">"Türken demonstrieren in Berlin gegen Resolution des Bundestages"</a> &#91;Turks demonstrate in Berlin against the Bundestag's resolution&#93;. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tagesspiegel&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tagesspiegel (halaman belum tersedia)">tagesspiegel</a></i> (dalam bahasa Jerman)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">22 Maret</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=tagesspiegel&amp;rft.atitle=T%C3%BCrken+demonstrieren+in+Berlin+gegen+Resolution+des+Bundestages&amp;rft.date=2016-05-28&amp;rft.aulast=Eubel&amp;rft.aufirst=Cordula&amp;rft.au=Haselberger%2C+Stephan&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tagesspiegel.de%2Fpolitik%2Fvoelkermord-an-den-armeniern-tuerken-demonstrieren-in-berlin-gegen-resolution-des-bundestages%2F13655706.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBloxham200644-205"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBloxham200644_205-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBloxham200644_205-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBloxham2006">Bloxham 2006</a>, hlm.&#160;44.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESuciyan201585-206"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuciyan201585_206-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuciyan201585_206-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSuciyan2015">Suciyan 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;85.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBloxham200641-207"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBloxham200641_207-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBloxham2006">Bloxham 2006</a>, hlm.&#160;41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChorbajian2016175-208"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChorbajian2016175_208-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChorbajian2016">Chorbajian 2016</a>, hlm.&#160;175.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBloxham200642-209"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBloxham200642_209-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBloxham2006">Bloxham 2006</a>, hlm.&#160;42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChorbajian2016177–178-210"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChorbajian2016177–178_210-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChorbajian2016">Chorbajian 2016</a>, hlm.&#160;177–178.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mamigonian2013-211"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mamigonian2013_211-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mamigonian2013_211-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mamigonian2013_211-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Mamigonian, Marc (2 May 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://armenianweekly.com/2013/05/02/scholarship-manufacturing-doubt-and-genocide-denial/">"Scholarship, Manufacturing Doubt, and Genocide Denial"</a>. <i>The Armenian Weekly</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Armenian+Weekly&amp;rft.atitle=Scholarship%2C+Manufacturing+Doubt%2C+and+Genocide+Denial&amp;rft.date=2013-05-02&amp;rft.aulast=Mamigonian&amp;rft.aufirst=Marc&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farmenianweekly.com%2F2013%2F05%2F02%2Fscholarship-manufacturing-doubt-and-genocide-denial%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon2010a474-212"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon2010a474_212-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon2010a474_212-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDixon2010a">Dixon 2010a</a>, hlm.&#160;474.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaer2020124-213"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaer2020124_213-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBaer2020">Baer 2020</a>, hlm.&#160;124. "President Jimmy Carter's Jewish aide, Stuart Eizenstat, reported that Turkish ambassador Şükrü Elekdağ (in office 1979–1989) told him that although Turkey had treated its Jews well for centuries and had taken in Jewish refugees from Nazi Germany, if the Armenian genocide were included in the new museum, 'Turkey could no longer guarantee the safety of the Jews in Turkey'." Elekdağ was also reported making a similar comment to another member of the Holocaust Memorial Museum Committee."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMamigonian201566-214"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMamigonian201566_214-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMamigonian2015">Mamigonian 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.armenian-genocide.org/current_category.4/affirmation_list.html">"U.S. Presidential Statements"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenian_National_Institute&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Armenian National Institute (halaman belum tersedia)">Armenian National Institute</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Armenian+National+Institute&amp;rft.atitle=U.S.+Presidential+Statements&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.armenian-genocide.org%2Fcurrent_category.4%2Faffirmation_list.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaer2020296-216"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaer2020296_216-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBaer2020">Baer 2020</a>, hlm.&#160;296.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-217"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/04/24/statement-by-president-joe-biden-on-armenian-remembrance-day/">"Statement by President Joe Biden on Armenian Remembrance Day"</a>. <i>The White House</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris). 2021-04-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2021-04-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+White+House&amp;rft.atitle=Statement+by+President+Joe+Biden+on+Armenian+Remembrance+Day&amp;rft.date=2021-04-24&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.whitehouse.gov%2Fbriefing-room%2Fstatements-releases%2F2021%2F04%2F24%2Fstatement-by-president-joe-biden-on-armenian-remembrance-day%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERobertson201675–76,_81-218"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobertson201675–76,_81_218-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRobertson2016">Robertson 2016</a>, hlm.&#160;75–76, 81.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERobertson201677-219"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobertson201677_219-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRobertson2016">Robertson 2016</a>, hlm.&#160;77.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaer2020145-220"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaer2020145_220-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBaer2020">Baer 2020</a>, hlm.&#160;145.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBen_Aharon2015646–648-221"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBen_Aharon2015646–648_221-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBen_Aharon2015">Ben Aharon 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;646–648. "From Charny's testimony and Arazi's statements in document 404, it is clear that the lives of Iranian and Syrian Jews were at stake; the Turkish Foreign Ministry did not hesitate to use this sensitive situation to exert pressure on Israel."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAuron2003124-222"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAuron2003124_222-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAuron2003">Auron 2003</a>, hlm.&#160;124.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBen_Aharon2015638-223"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBen_Aharon2015638_223-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBen_Aharon2015638_223-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBen_Aharon2015">Ben Aharon 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;638.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAuron2003128-224"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAuron2003128_224-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAuron2003">Auron 2003</a>, hlm.&#160;128.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBen_Aharon2019366–367,_369-225"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBen_Aharon2019366–367,_369_225-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBen_Aharon2019">Ben Aharon 2019</a>, hlm.&#160;366–367, 369.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEissenstat2014">Eissenstat 2014</a>, hlm.&#160;24; <a href="#CITEREFQuataert2006">Quataert 2006</a>, hlm.&#160;249–250, 258; <a href="#CITEREFGutman2015">Gutman 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;167–168; <a href="#CITEREFAkçam2012">Akçam 2012</a>, hlm.&#160;xxv; <a href="#CITEREFCheterian2018a">Cheterian 2018a</a>, hlm.&#160;199.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Watenpaugh-227"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Watenpaugh_227-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Watenpaugh_227-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a href="/wiki/Keith_David_Watenpaugh" title="Keith David Watenpaugh">Watenpaugh, Keith David</a> (2017). "Fatma Müge Göçek. Denial of Violence: Ottoman Past, Turkish Present, and Collective Violence against the Armenians, 1789–2009; Ronald Grigor Suny. "They Can Live in the Desert but Nowhere Else": A History of the Armenian Genocide". <i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Historical_Review" title="The American Historical Review">The American Historical Review</a></i>. <b>122</b> (2): 478–481 [479]. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fahr%2F122.2.478">10.1093/ahr/122.2.478</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+American+Historical+Review&amp;rft.atitle=Fatma+M%C3%BCge+G%C3%B6%C3%A7ek.+Denial+of+Violence%3A+Ottoman+Past%2C+Turkish+Present%2C+and+Collective+Violence+against+the+Armenians%2C+1789%E2%80%932009%3B+Ronald+Grigor+Suny.+%22They+Can+Live+in+the+Desert+but+Nowhere+Else%22%3A+A+History+of+the+Armenian+Genocide.&amp;rft.volume=122&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=478-481+479&amp;rft.date=2017&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fahr%2F122.2.478&amp;rft.aulast=Watenpaugh&amp;rft.aufirst=Keith+David&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jadaliyya-228"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jadaliyya_228-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jadaliyya_228-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jadaliyya.com/Details/41978">"Marc David Baer, Sultanic Saviors and Tolerant Turks: Writing Ottoman Jewish History, Denying the Armenian Genocide (New Texts Out Now)"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jadaliyya&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jadaliyya (halaman belum tersedia)">Jadaliyya</a></i>. 9 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">17 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Jadaliyya&amp;rft.atitle=Marc+David+Baer%2C+Sultanic+Saviors+and+Tolerant+Turks%3A+Writing+Ottoman+Jewish+History%2C+Denying+the+Armenian+Genocide+%28New+Texts+Out+Now%29&amp;rft.date=2020-11-09&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jadaliyya.com%2FDetails%2F41978&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaer2020208-229"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaer2020208_229-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBaer2020">Baer 2020</a>, hlm.&#160;208.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMamigonian201563–64-230"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMamigonian201563–64_230-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMamigonian2015">Mamigonian 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;63–64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAuron20039–10-231"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAuron20039–10_231-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAuron2003">Auron 2003</a>, hlm.&#160;9–10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacDonald2008241-232"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacDonald2008241_232-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacDonald2008">MacDonald 2008</a>, hlm.&#160;241.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaer2020129-233"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaer2020129_233-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBaer2020">Baer 2020</a>, hlm.&#160;129.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAuron200347-234"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAuron200347_234-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAuron2003">Auron 2003</a>, hlm.&#160;47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMamigonian201567-235"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMamigonian201567_235-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMamigonian201567_235-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMamigonian201567_235-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMamigonian2015">Mamigonian 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEissenstat201424–25-236"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEissenstat201424–25_236-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEissenstat2014">Eissenstat 2014</a>, hlm.&#160;24–25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaer2020xi-237"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaer2020xi_237-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBaer2020">Baer 2020</a>, hlm.&#160;xi.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAuron2003226–227-238"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAuron2003226–227_238-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAuron2003226–227_238-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAuron2003">Auron 2003</a>, hlm.&#160;226–227.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hovanisian224-239"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hovanisian224_239-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Richard_G._Hovannisian" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard G. Hovannisian">Hovannisian, Richard G.</a> (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kiBHkRtRmIIC&amp;pg=PA224"><i>Remembrance and Denial: The Case of the Armenian Genocide</i></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayne_State_University_Press&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Wayne State University Press (halaman belum tersedia)">Wayne State University Press</a>. hlm.&#160;224. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0814327777" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0814327777">978-0814327777</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Remembrance+and+Denial%3A+The+Case+of+the+Armenian+Genocide&amp;rft.pages=224&amp;rft.pub=Wayne+State+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1999&amp;rft.isbn=978-0814327777&amp;rft.aulast=Hovannisian&amp;rft.aufirst=Richard+G.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkiBHkRtRmIIC%26pg%3DPA224&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Psychological_Satisfaction_of_Denials-240"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Psychological_Satisfaction_of_Denials_240-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Charny, Israel (17 July 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071224203627/http://www.ideajournal.com/articles.php?id=27">"The Psychological Satisfaction of Denials of the Holocaust or Other Genocides by Non-Extremists or Bigots, and Even by Known Scholars"</a>. <i>IDEA</i>. <b>6</b> (1). <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0019-1272">0019-1272</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ideajournal.com/articles.php?id=27">versi asli</a> tanggal 24 December 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=IDEA&amp;rft.atitle=The+Psychological+Satisfaction+of+Denials+of+the+Holocaust+or+Other+Genocides+by+Non-Extremists+or+Bigots%2C+and+Even+by+Known+Scholars&amp;rft.volume=6&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.date=2001-07-17&amp;rft.issn=0019-1272&amp;rft.aulast=Charny&amp;rft.aufirst=Israel&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ideajournal.com%2Farticles.php%3Fid%3D27&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaer2020130-241"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaer2020130_241-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaer2020130_241-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBaer2020">Baer 2020</a>, hlm.&#160;130.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESuny2015375-242"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuny2015375_242-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuny2015375_242-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSuny2015">Suny 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;375.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHovannisian2015234-243"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHovannisian2015234_243-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHovannisian2015234_243-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHovannisian2015234_243-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHovannisian2015234_243-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHovannisian2015">Hovannisian 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;234.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHovannisian2015232-244"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHovannisian2015232_244-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHovannisian2015">Hovannisian 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;232.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMamigonian201568-245"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMamigonian201568_245-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMamigonian2015">Mamigonian 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;68.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHovannisian2015243-246"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHovannisian2015243_246-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHovannisian2015">Hovannisian 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;243.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-247"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-247">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmith_et_al.1995">Smith <i>et al.</i> 1995</a>, hlm.&#160;13; <a href="#CITEREFErbal2015">Erbal 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;783–784; <cite class="citation journal"><a href="/wiki/Keith_David_Watenpaugh" title="Keith David Watenpaugh">Watenpaugh, Keith David</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_international-journal-of-middle-east-studies_2007-08_39_3/page/512">"A Response to Michael Gunter's Review of the Armenian Massacres in Ottoman Turkey: A Disputed Genocide (<i>IJMES</i> 38 &#91;2006&#93;: 598–601)"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Journal_of_Middle_East_Studies&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="International Journal of Middle East Studies (halaman belum tersedia)">International Journal of Middle East Studies</a></i>. <b>39</b> (3): 512–514. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0020743807070869">10.1017/S0020743807070869</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/30069561">30069561</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Middle+East+Studies&amp;rft.atitle=A+Response+to+Michael+Gunter%27s+Review+of+the+Armenian+Massacres+in+Ottoman+Turkey%3A+A+Disputed+Genocide+%28IJMES+38+%26%2391%3B2006%26%2393%3B%3A+598%E2%80%93601%29&amp;rft.volume=39&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=512-514&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0020743807070869&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F30069561&amp;rft.au=Watenpaugh%2C+Keith+David&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_international-journal-of-middle-east-studies_2007-08_39_3%2Fpage%2F512&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span>; <cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erik_Sj%C3%B6berg_(sejarawan)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Erik Sjöberg (sejarawan) (halaman belum tersedia)">Sjöberg, Erik</a> (2016). <i>The Making of the Greek Genocide: Contested Memories of the Ottoman Greek Catastrophe</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Berghahn_Books&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Berghahn Books (halaman belum tersedia)">Berghahn Books</a>. hlm.&#160;232. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-78533-326-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-78533-326-2">978-1-78533-326-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Making+of+the+Greek+Genocide%3A+Contested+Memories+of+the+Ottoman+Greek+Catastrophe&amp;rft.pages=232&amp;rft.pub=Berghahn+Books&amp;rft.date=2016&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-78533-326-2&amp;rft.aulast=Sj%C3%B6berg&amp;rft.aufirst=Erik&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith_&#39;&#39;et_al.&#39;&#39;19952,_&#39;&#39;passim&#39;&#39;-248"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith_&#39;&#39;et_al.&#39;&#39;19952,_&#39;&#39;passim&#39;&#39;_248-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmith_et_al.1995">Smith <i>et al.</i> 1995</a>, hlm.&#160;2, <i>passim</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-249"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-249">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Honan, William H. (22 May 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1996/05/22/nyregion/princeton-is-accused-of-fronting-for-the-turkish-government.html">"Princeton Is Accused of Fronting For the Turkish Government"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Princeton+Is+Accused+of+Fronting+For+the+Turkish+Government&amp;rft.date=1996-05-22&amp;rft.aulast=Honan&amp;rft.aufirst=William+H.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1996%2F05%2F22%2Fnyregion%2Fprinceton-is-accused-of-fronting-for-the-turkish-government.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Erbal784-250"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Erbal784_250-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Erbal784_250-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Erbal784_250-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFErbal2015">Erbal 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;784</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuataert2006251–252-251"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuataert2006251–252_251-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFQuataert2006">Quataert 2006</a>, hlm.&#160;251–252.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuataert2006250-252"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuataert2006250_252-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFQuataert2006">Quataert 2006</a>, hlm.&#160;250.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gutman168-253"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gutman168_253-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gutman168_253-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGutman2015">Gutman 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;168</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEissenstat201425-254"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEissenstat201425_254-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEissenstat2014">Eissenstat 2014</a>, hlm.&#160;25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEissenstat201425–26-255"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEissenstat201425–26_255-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEissenstat2014">Eissenstat 2014</a>, hlm.&#160;25–26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Asbarez-256"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Asbarez_256-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harut_Sassounian&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Harut Sassounian (halaman belum tersedia)">Sassounian, Harut</a> (12 Juli 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110718210643/http://asbarez.com/96992/prof-akcam-reveals-turkish-plan-to-pay-scholars-to-deny-the-armenian-genocide/">"Prof. Akcam Reveals Turkish Plan to Pay Scholars to Deny the Armenian Genocide"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Asbarez" title="Asbarez">Asbarez</a></i>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://asbarez.com/96992/prof-akcam-reveals-turkish-plan-to-pay-scholars-to-deny-the-armenian-genocide/">versi asli</a> tanggal 18 Juli 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">27 Juli</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Asbarez&amp;rft.atitle=Prof.+Akcam+Reveals+Turkish+Plan+to+Pay+Scholars+to+Deny+the+Armenian+Genocide&amp;rft.date=2011-07-12&amp;rft.aulast=Sassounian&amp;rft.aufirst=Harut&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fasbarez.com%2F96992%2Fprof-akcam-reveals-turkish-plan-to-pay-scholars-to-deny-the-armenian-genocide%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHovannisian2015244-257"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHovannisian2015244_257-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHovannisian2015">Hovannisian 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;244.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkçam2012451-258"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkçam2012451_258-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAkçam2012">Akçam 2012</a>, hlm.&#160;451. "What must be understood is that the thesis known in Turkey as the 'official version'... takes as its starting point the assumption that the events of 1915 were derived from governmental actions that were, in essence, within the bounds of what are considered normal and legal actions for a state entity and cannot therefore be explained through a recourse to criminality or criminal law. According to this assumption, under certain conditions a government or a state can resort to actions such as 'forcible deportation,' even if they result in the deaths of its own citizens, and there are no moral or legal grounds upon which such actions can be faulted."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESuny2015xii-259"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuny2015xii_259-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSuny2015">Suny 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;xii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChorbajian2016167-260"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChorbajian2016167_260-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChorbajian2016">Chorbajian 2016</a>, hlm.&#160;167. "Denial of the Armenian Genocide, therefore, consists of a two-pronged complementary, yet also contradictory, argument we can call 'They Brought It on Themselves and It Never Happened'."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-261"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-261">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Akçam, Taner (2013). "Let the Arguments Begin!". <i>Journal of Genocide Research</i>. <b>15</b> (4): 496. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14623528.2013.856095">10.1080/14623528.2013.856095</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Genocide+Research&amp;rft.atitle=Let+the+Arguments+Begin%21&amp;rft.volume=15&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.pages=496&amp;rft.date=2013&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14623528.2013.856095&amp;rft.aulast=Ak%C3%A7am&amp;rft.aufirst=Taner&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMamigonian201572-262"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMamigonian201572_262-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMamigonian2015">Mamigonian 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;72. "Thus, each author offers excuses for the actions of the CUP leadership while shifting partial blame onto the victims themselves and, in the process, creates a new criterion for the victims of genocide: the need to be 'wholly innocent'."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHovannisian2015243–244-263"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHovannisian2015243–244_263-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHovannisian2015">Hovannisian 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;243–244.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HovannisianErickson-264"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HovannisianErickson_264-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HovannisianErickson_264-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHovannisian2015">Hovannisian 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;242–243</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESuny2009941-265"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuny2009941_265-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSuny2009">Suny 2009</a>, hlm.&#160;941. "What appears in the sources to have been the Turks' panic and paranoia at an imagined danger from their Armenian subjects has metastasized in the hands of apologists into justification for state-ordered murder."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaligian2014209-266"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaligian2014209_266-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKaligian2014">Kaligian 2014</a>, hlm.&#160;209. "One of the key arguments made by genocide deniers is that the deportations, and whatever 'unfortunate excesses' occurred during them, were not part of a plan of extermination but rather a response to an Armenian rebellion in the eastern provinces in collaboration with Russia."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-267"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-267">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a href="/wiki/A._Dirk_Moses" title="A. Dirk Moses">Moses, A. Dirk</a> (2013). "Genocide vs. Security: a False Opposition". <i>Journal of Genocide Research</i>. <b>15</b> (4): 463–509. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14623528.2013.856095">10.1080/14623528.2013.856095</a>. <q>Ini adalah sebuah kesalahan besar; Lewy berbicara tentang 'orang-orang Armenia' seolah-olah perempuan dan anak-anak yang tak berdaya yang menjadi bagian dari barisan deportasi bertanggung jawab atas para pemberontak Armenia di wilayah lain di negara itu. Tuduhan "kesalahan kolektif" tidak dapat diterima dalam dunia akademis, apalagi dalam diskursus normal, dan menurut saya merupakan salah satu unsur utama dalam pemikiran genosida. Tuduhan ini gagal membedakan antara kombatan dan non-kombatan, yang mana hukum kemanusiaan internasional telah menegaskannya selama lebih dari seratus tahun.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Genocide+Research&amp;rft.atitle=Genocide+vs.+Security%3A+a+False+Opposition&amp;rft.volume=15&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.pages=463-509&amp;rft.date=2013&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14623528.2013.856095&amp;rft.aulast=Moses&amp;rft.aufirst=A.+Dirk&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-268"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-268">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Robertson" class="mw-redirect" title="Geoffrey Robertson">Robertson, Geoffrey</a> (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AqmrBAAAQBAJ&amp;q=%22in+war+can+never+justify+the+deliberate+killing+of+civilians%22&amp;pg=PT99"><i>An Inconvenient Genocide: Who Now Remembers the Armenians?</i></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Biteback_Publishing&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Biteback Publishing (halaman belum tersedia)">Biteback Publishing</a>. hlm.&#160;117. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-84954-822-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-84954-822-9">978-1-84954-822-9</a>. <q>'Keharusan' dalam perang tidak pernah dapat membenarkan pembunuhan warga sipil secara sengaja: jika mereka dicurigai berkhianat atau setia kepada musuh, mereka dapat ditahan atau diinternir, atau diadili, tetapi tidak boleh dikirim ke medan perang di mana mereka diperkirakan tidak akan pernah kembali.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=An+Inconvenient+Genocide%3A+Who+Now+Remembers+the+Armenians%3F&amp;rft.pages=117&amp;rft.pub=Biteback+Publishing&amp;rft.date=2015&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-84954-822-9&amp;rft.aulast=Robertson&amp;rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAqmrBAAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522in%2Bwar%2Bcan%2Bnever%2Bjustify%2Bthe%2Bdeliberate%2Bkilling%2Bof%2Bcivilians%2522%26pg%3DPT99&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHovannisian2001801-269"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHovannisian2001801_269-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHovannisian2001">Hovannisian 2001</a>, hlm.&#160;801.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHovannisian2015231-270"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHovannisian2015231_270-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHovannisian2015">Hovannisian 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;231.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkçam2008128–131-271"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkçam2008128–131_271-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAkçam2008">Akçam 2008</a>, hlm.&#160;128–131.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkçam2012410–423-272"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkçam2012410–423_272-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAkçam2012">Akçam 2012</a>, hlm.&#160;410–423.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkçam2012417-273"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkçam2012417_273-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAkçam2012">Akçam 2012</a>, hlm.&#160;417.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaligian2014208.-274"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaligian2014208._274-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKaligian2014">Kaligian 2014</a>, hlm.&#160;208.<span class="nowrap">&#160;</span>"Deniers claim the Armenian Revolutionary Federation (ARF) fomented a rebellion, but they elide the fact that Turkey's ruling party tried to recruit the ARF to form a fifth column behind Russian lines... [They] base their positions on a book by Esat Uras, a perpetrator of the genocide, which created the template for denial."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDadrian2003276-275"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDadrian2003276_275-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDadrian2003">Dadrian 2003</a>, hlm.&#160;276. "An integral part of this argument of civil war is the assertion of "Armenian rebellion" for which purpose the four major Armenian uprisings, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemberontakan_Shabin-Karahisar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemberontakan Shabin-Karahisar (halaman belum tersedia)">Shabin Karahisar</a> (6&#160;Juni–4&#160;Juli 1915), <a href="/wiki/Musa_Dagh" title="Musa Dagh">Musa Dagh</a> (30&#160;Juli – September 1915), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pemberontakan_Urfa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pemberontakan Urfa (halaman belum tersedia)">Urfa</a> (29&#160;September–23&#160;Oktober 1915), and especially that of Van in the April&#160;20–May&#160;17, 1915 period, are cited as proof positive. Yet, without exception these uprisings were improvised last-ditch attempts to ward off imminent deportation and destruction. Without exception they were all local, very limited, and above all, highly defensive initiatives; as such they were ultimately doomed to failure."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-civil_war-276"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-civil_war_276-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAkçam2012">Akçam 2012</a>, hlm.&#160;228</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKieser2018237-277"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKieser2018237_277-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKieser2018">Kieser 2018</a>, hlm.&#160;237. "Sources from observers on the ground, as well as published Ottoman army sources from the provinces during spring 1915, <i>do not</i> support the claim of a general uprising."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHovannisian2001803–804-278"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHovannisian2001803–804_278-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHovannisian2001">Hovannisian 2001</a>, hlm.&#160;803–804.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBloxham2005208–209-279"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBloxham2005208–209_279-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBloxham2005">Bloxham 2005</a>, hlm.&#160;208–209.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkçam2012399-280"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkçam2012399_280-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAkçam2012">Akçam 2012</a>, hlm.&#160;399.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkçam2012374–377-281"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkçam2012374–377_281-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAkçam2012">Akçam 2012</a>, hlm.&#160;374–377.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkçam2012399–400,_407,_409-282"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkçam2012399–400,_407,_409_282-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAkçam2012">Akçam 2012</a>, hlm.&#160;399–400, 407, 409.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDadrian2003275-283"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDadrian2003275_283-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDadrian2003">Dadrian 2003</a>, hlm.&#160;275.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHovannisian2015238-284"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHovannisian2015238_284-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHovannisian2015">Hovannisian 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;238.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkçam2012373-285"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkçam2012373_285-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAkçam2012">Akçam 2012</a>, hlm.&#160;373.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Akcam11-286"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Akcam11_286-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAkçam2018">Akçam 2018</a>, hlm.&#160;11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkçam2008113,_126–128-287"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkçam2008113,_126–128_287-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAkçam2008">Akçam 2008</a>, hlm.&#160;113, 126–128.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDemirdjian201810–11-288"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDemirdjian201810–11_288-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDemirdjian2018">Demirdjian 2018</a>, hlm.&#160;10–11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELattanzi201888–89-289"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELattanzi201888–89_289-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLattanzi2018">Lattanzi 2018</a>, hlm.&#160;88–89.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkçam2012xxii-290"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkçam2012xxii_290-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAkçam2012">Akçam 2012</a>, hlm.&#160;xxii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaer20201–2,_183–185,_293-291"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaer20201–2,_183–185,_293_291-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBaer2020">Baer 2020</a>, hlm.&#160;1–2, 183–185, 293.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaer20201,_207–208-292"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaer20201,_207–208_292-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBaer2020">Baer 2020</a>, hlm.&#160;1, 207–208.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaligian2014208-293"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaligian2014208_293-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKaligian2014">Kaligian 2014</a>, hlm.&#160;208.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-294"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-294">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerard_Libaridian&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerard Libaridian (halaman belum tersedia)">Libairdian, Gerard</a> (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://turkishpolicy.com/article/608/erdogan-and-his-armenian-problem-spring-2013">"Erdoğan and His Armenian Problem"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkish_Policy_Quarterly&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkish Policy Quarterly (halaman belum tersedia)">Turkish Policy Quarterly</a></i> (dalam bahasa Inggris). <b>12</b> (1): 57. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1303-5754">1303-5754</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Turkish+Policy+Quarterly&amp;rft.atitle=Erdo%C4%9Fan+and+His+Armenian+Problem&amp;rft.volume=12&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=57&amp;rft.date=2013&amp;rft.issn=1303-5754&amp;rft.aulast=Libairdian&amp;rft.aufirst=Gerard&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fturkishpolicy.com%2Farticle%2F608%2Ferdogan-and-his-armenian-problem-spring-2013&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Igdir-295"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Igdir_295-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">* <cite class="citation book">Marchand, Laure; Perrier, Guillaume (2015). <i>Turkey and the Armenian Ghost: On the Trail of the Genocide</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris). <a href="/w/index.php?title=McGill-Queen%27s_Press&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="McGill-Queen&#39;s Press (halaman belum tersedia)">McGill-Queen's Press</a>. hlm.&#160;111–112. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-7735-9720-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-7735-9720-4">978-0-7735-9720-4</a>. <q>Monumen genosida Iğdır adalah karikatur ultimat dari kebijakan pemerintah Turki yang menyangkal genosida 1915 dengan menulis ulang sejarah dan mengubah para korban menjadi pihak yang bersalah.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Turkey+and+the+Armenian+Ghost%3A+On+the+Trail+of+the+Genocide&amp;rft.pages=111-112&amp;rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+Press&amp;rft.date=2015&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7735-9720-4&amp;rft.aulast=Marchand&amp;rft.aufirst=Laure&amp;rft.au=Perrier%2C+Guillaume&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span> <ul><li><a href="#CITEREFHovannisian2001">Hovannisian 2001</a>, hlm.&#160;803.</li> <li><a href="#CITEREFCheterian2015">Cheterian 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;65–66</li> <li><a href="#CITEREFGürpınar2016">Gürpınar 2016</a>, hlm.&#160;234</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacDonald2008133-296"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacDonald2008133_296-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMacDonald2008">MacDonald 2008</a>, hlm.&#160;133.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELattanzi2018100-297"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELattanzi2018100_297-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLattanzi2018">Lattanzi 2018</a>, hlm.&#160;100.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-298"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-298">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190423150540/https://cla.umn.edu/chgs/holocaust-genocide-education/resource-guides/armenia">"Holocaust &amp; Genocide Education | Armenia"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Minnesota_College_of_Liberal_Arts&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="University of Minnesota College of Liberal Arts (halaman belum tersedia)">University of Minnesota College of Liberal Arts</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cla.umn.edu/chgs/holocaust-genocide-education/resource-guides/armenia">versi asli</a> tanggal 23 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Holocaust+%26+Genocide+Education+%7C+Armenia&amp;rft.pub=University+of+Minnesota+College+of+Liberal+Arts&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcla.umn.edu%2Fchgs%2Fholocaust-genocide-education%2Fresource-guides%2Farmenia&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEErtür20192–3-299"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErtür20192–3_299-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFErtür2019">Ertür 2019</a>, hlm.&#160;2–3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaer2020140–141-300"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaer2020140–141_300-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBaer2020">Baer 2020</a>, hlm.&#160;140–141.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAuron2003228-301"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAuron2003228_301-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAuron2003">Auron 2003</a>, hlm.&#160;228.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAuron2003228–229-302"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAuron2003228–229_302-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAuron2003">Auron 2003</a>, hlm.&#160;228–229.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-303"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-303">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.armenian-genocide.org/Affirmation.240/current_category.76/affirmation_detail.html">"Paris, France, Court of First Instance"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armenian_National_Institute&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Armenian National Institute (halaman belum tersedia)">Armenian National Institute</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Armenian+National+Institute&amp;rft.atitle=Paris%2C+France%2C+Court+of+First+Instance&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.armenian-genocide.org%2FAffirmation.240%2Fcurrent_category.76%2Faffirmation_detail.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaer2020141-304"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaer2020141_304-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBaer2020">Baer 2020</a>, hlm.&#160;141.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAuron2003230-305"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAuron2003230_305-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAuron2003">Auron 2003</a>, hlm.&#160;230.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEErtür20195–6-306"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErtür20195–6_306-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFErtür2019">Ertür 2019</a>, hlm.&#160;5–6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Belavusau-307"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Belavusau_307-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Belavusau_307-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Belavusau, Uladzislau (13 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://verfassungsblog.de/armenian-genocide-v-holocaust-in-strasbourg-trivialisation-in-comparison/">"Armenian Genocide v. Holocaust in Strasbourg: Trivialisation in Comparison"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verfassungsblog&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Verfassungsblog (halaman belum tersedia)">Verfassungsblog</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17176%2F20170201-135947">10.17176/20170201-135947</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Verfassungsblog&amp;rft.atitle=Armenian+Genocide+v.+Holocaust+in+Strasbourg%3A+Trivialisation+in+Comparison&amp;rft.date=2014-02-13&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17176%2F20170201-135947&amp;rft.aulast=Belavusau&amp;rft.aufirst=Uladzislau&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fverfassungsblog.de%2Farmenian-genocide-v-holocaust-in-strasbourg-trivialisation-in-comparison%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><br /><cite class="citation news">Belavusau, Uladzislau (5 November 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://verfassungsblog.de/perincek-v-switzerland-between-freedom-of-speech-and-collective-dignity/">"Perinçek v. Switzerland: Between Freedom of Speech and Collective Dignity"</a>. <i>Verfassungsblog</i>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17176%2F20170418-193718">10.17176/20170418-193718</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Verfassungsblog&amp;rft.atitle=Perin%C3%A7ek+v.+Switzerland%3A+Between+Freedom+of+Speech+and+Collective+Dignity&amp;rft.date=2015-11-05&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17176%2F20170418-193718&amp;rft.aulast=Belavusau&amp;rft.aufirst=Uladzislau&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fverfassungsblog.de%2Fperincek-v-switzerland-between-freedom-of-speech-and-collective-dignity%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDemirdjian201822–23-308"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDemirdjian201822–23_308-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDemirdjian2018">Demirdjian 2018</a>, hlm.&#160;22–23. "Perincek's activities spread across a wider spectrum, including his membership in the Talat Pasha Committee, an organization considered as xenophobic and racist by the European Parliament, and established for the purpose of refuting the Armenian genocide."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-309"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_309-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_309-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalfreedomofexpression.columbia.edu/cases/ecthr-perincek-v-switzerland-no-2751008-2013/">"Perinçek v. Switzerland"</a>. <i>Global Freedom of Expression</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris). <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2022-02-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Global+Freedom+of+Expression&amp;rft.atitle=Perin%C3%A7ek+v.+Switzerland&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalfreedomofexpression.columbia.edu%2Fcases%2Fecthr-perincek-v-switzerland-no-2751008-2013%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-310"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-310">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.swissinfo.ch/ger/verurteilung-von-genozid-leugner-perincek-bestaetigt/623090">"Verurteilung von Genozid-Leugner Perincek bestätigt"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Swissinfo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Swissinfo (halaman belum tersedia)">Swissinfo</a></i> (dalam bahasa Jerman). 19 December 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2022-02-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Swissinfo&amp;rft.atitle=Verurteilung+von+Genozid-Leugner+Perincek+best%C3%A4tigt&amp;rft.date=2007-12-19&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.swissinfo.ch%2Fger%2Fverurteilung-von-genozid-leugner-perincek-bestaetigt%2F623090&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Belavusau2016-311"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Belavusau2016_311-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Belavusau2016_311-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Belavusau, Uladzislau (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5305/intelegamate.55.4.0627">"Perinçek v. Switzerland (Eur. Ct. H.R.)"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Legal_Materials&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="International Legal Materials (halaman belum tersedia)">International Legal Materials</a></i>. <b>55</b> (4): 627–628. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0020-7829">0020-7829</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/10.5305/intelegamate.55.4.0627">10.5305/intelegamate.55.4.0627</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=International+Legal+Materials&amp;rft.atitle=Perin%C3%A7ek+v.+Switzerland+%28Eur.+Ct.+H.R.%29&amp;rft.volume=55&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.pages=627-628&amp;rft.date=2016&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.5305%2Fintelegamate.55.4.0627&amp;rft.issn=0020-7829&amp;rft.aulast=Belavusau&amp;rft.aufirst=Uladzislau&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.5305%2Fintelegamate.55.4.0627&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-312"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-312">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">de Broux, Pierre-Olivier; Staes, Dorothea (2018). "History Watch by the European Court of Human Rights". <i>The Palgrave Handbook of State-Sponsored History After 1945</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris). <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</a> UK. hlm.&#160;101–119 [104]. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-349-95306-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-349-95306-6">978-1-349-95306-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=History+Watch+by+the+European+Court+of+Human+Rights&amp;rft.btitle=The+Palgrave+Handbook+of+State-Sponsored+History+After+1945&amp;rft.pages=101-119+104&amp;rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan+UK&amp;rft.date=2018&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-349-95306-6&amp;rft.aulast=de+Broux&amp;rft.aufirst=Pierre-Olivier&amp;rft.au=Staes%2C+Dorothea&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-313"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-313">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Della Morte, Gabriele (31 May 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.qil-qdi.org/criminal-prohibition-genocide-denial-justified-perincek-case-risk-double-standard/">"When is a criminal prohibition of genocide denial justified? The Perinçek Case and the risk of a double standard"</a>. <i>QIL QDI</i>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/2284-2969">2284-2969</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=QIL+QDI&amp;rft.atitle=When+is+a+criminal+prohibition+of+genocide+denial+justified%3F+The+Perin%C3%A7ek+Case+and+the+risk+of+a+double+standard&amp;rft.date=2016-05-31&amp;rft.issn=2284-2969&amp;rft.aulast=Della+Morte&amp;rft.aufirst=Gabriele&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.qil-qdi.org%2Fcriminal-prohibition-genocide-denial-justified-perincek-case-risk-double-standard%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEErtür20198-314"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEErtür20198_314-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFErtür2019">Ertür 2019</a>, hlm.&#160;8. "The high profile of the case allowed Perinçek and his allies to claim in their media campaign that this would be the case that decides whether or not there was a genocide. The campaign was effective: the ECtHR Grand Chamber hearing was widely covered in the Turkish media as the trial that would put an end to the so-called 'hundred year-old genocide lie'... Perinçek and his party celebrated the judgment claiming in bold PR campaigns, 'We put an end to the genocide lie'."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-315"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-315">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKieser2018">Kieser 2018</a>, hlm.&#160;294; <a href="#CITEREFGöçek2015">Göçek 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;463; <a href="#CITEREFCheterian2015">Cheterian 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;176, 312; <a href="#CITEREFAvedian2018">Avedian 2018</a>, hlm.&#160;48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkçam2012xxvi–xxvii-316"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkçam2012xxvi–xxvii_316-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAkçam2012">Akçam 2012</a>, hlm.&#160;xxvi–xxvii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-317"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-317">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facinghistory.org/holocaust-and-human-behavior/chapter-11/genocide-denied">"Genocide Denied"</a>. <i>Facing History and Ourselves</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Facing+History+and+Ourselves&amp;rft.atitle=Genocide+Denied&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facinghistory.org%2Fholocaust-and-human-behavior%2Fchapter-11%2Fgenocide-denied&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECheterian2018b899-318"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECheterian2018b899_318-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCheterian2018b">Cheterian 2018b</a>, hlm.&#160;899.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-319"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-319">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Yardley, Jim; Arsu, Sebnem (12 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/13/world/europe/pope-calls-killings-of-armenians-genocide-provoking-turkish-anger.html">"Pope Calls Killings of Armenians 'Genocide,' Provoking Turkish Anger"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">15 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Pope+Calls+Killings+of+Armenians+%27Genocide%2C%27+Provoking+Turkish+Anger&amp;rft.date=2015-04-12&amp;rft.aulast=Yardley&amp;rft.aufirst=Jim&amp;rft.au=Arsu%2C+Sebnem&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2015%2F04%2F13%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fpope-calls-killings-of-armenians-genocide-provoking-turkish-anger.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESuciyan201516-320"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESuciyan201516_320-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSuciyan2015">Suciyan 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-321"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-321">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Mangassarian, Selina L. (2016). "100 Years of Trauma: the Armenian Genocide and Intergenerational Cultural Trauma". <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Aggression,_Maltreatment_%26_Trauma" class="mw-redirect" title="Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment &amp; Trauma">Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment &amp; Trauma</a></i>. <b>25</b> (4): 371–381. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F10926771.2015.1121191">10.1080/10926771.2015.1121191</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Aggression%2C+Maltreatment+%26+Trauma&amp;rft.atitle=100+Years+of+Trauma%3A+the+Armenian+Genocide+and+Intergenerational+Cultural+Trauma&amp;rft.volume=25&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.pages=371-381&amp;rft.date=2016&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F10926771.2015.1121191&amp;rft.aulast=Mangassarian&amp;rft.aufirst=Selina+L.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gocek-322"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gocek_322-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a href="/wiki/Fatma_M%C3%BCge_G%C3%B6%C3%A7ek" title="Fatma Müge Göçek">Göçek, Fatma Müge</a> (2016). "Open Wounds: Armenians, Turks and a Century of Genocide by Vicken Cheterian (review)". <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Journal_of_the_Ottoman_and_Turkish_Studies_Association&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Journal of the Ottoman and Turkish Studies Association (halaman belum tersedia)">Journal of the Ottoman and Turkish Studies Association</a></i> (dalam bahasa Inggris). <b>3</b> (1): 210–212. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2979%2Fjottturstuass.3.1.19">10.2979/jottturstuass.3.1.19</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/2376-0702">2376-0702</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Ottoman+and+Turkish+Studies+Association&amp;rft.atitle=Open+Wounds%3A+Armenians%2C+Turks+and+a+Century+of+Genocide+by+Vicken+Cheterian+%28review%29&amp;rft.volume=3&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=210-212&amp;rft.date=2016&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2979%2Fjottturstuass.3.1.19&amp;rft.issn=2376-0702&amp;rft.aulast=G%C3%B6%C3%A7ek&amp;rft.aufirst=Fatma+M%C3%BCge&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECheterian2015127–128-323"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECheterian2015127–128_323-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCheterian2015">Cheterian 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;127–128.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvedian2018110-324"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvedian2018110_324-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAvedian2018">Avedian 2018</a>, hlm.&#160;110.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIhrig2016353–354-325"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIhrig2016353–354_325-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFIhrig2016">Ihrig 2016</a>, hlm.&#160;353–354. "First, Hitler's <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hitler%27s_Armenian_reference&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hitler&#39;s Armenian reference (halaman belum tersedia)">alleged words at the Obersalzberg</a>—about who "still talked" about the Armenians—might not come from a watertight source, but the statement still accurately sums up one of the major lessons the Armenian genocide must have held for the Nazis: it must have taught them that such incredible crimes could go unpunished under the cover of war, even if one lost that war. That one could "get away" with genocide must have been a great inspiration indeed... the lack of a robust response by Christian Germany must have seemed especially significant to Hitler—for if this was its reaction to the extermination of Christian people, who would speak out against killing Jews?"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-326"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-326">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Özbek, Egemen (2018). "The Destruction of the Monument to Humanity: Historical Conflict and Monumentalization". <i>International Public History</i>. <b>1</b> (2). <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2Fiph-2018-0011">10.1515/iph-2018-0011</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=International+Public+History&amp;rft.atitle=The+Destruction+of+the+Monument+to+Humanity%3A+Historical+Conflict+and+Monumentalization&amp;rft.volume=1&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.date=2018&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2Fiph-2018-0011&amp;rft.aulast=%C3%96zbek&amp;rft.aufirst=Egemen&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-327"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-327">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Cheterian, Vicken (2017). "The Last Closed Border of the Cold War: Turkey–Armenia". <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Journal_of_Borderlands_Studies&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Journal of Borderlands Studies (halaman belum tersedia)">Journal of Borderlands Studies</a></i>. <b>32</b> (1): 71–90 [76]. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F08865655.2016.1226927">10.1080/08865655.2016.1226927</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Borderlands+Studies&amp;rft.atitle=The+Last+Closed+Border+of+the+Cold+War%3A+Turkey%E2%80%93Armenia&amp;rft.volume=32&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=71-90+76&amp;rft.date=2017&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F08865655.2016.1226927&amp;rft.aulast=Cheterian&amp;rft.aufirst=Vicken&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECheterian2018b892-328"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECheterian2018b892_328-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCheterian2018b">Cheterian 2018b</a>, hlm.&#160;892. "The ANM was ready to put aside the past in order to build normal relations with neighboring Turkey. Turkey, however, was not ready to forget the 1915 genocide and its consequences: the continuous Armenian diaspora struggle for recognition and reparation. It insisted that Yerevan must surrender politically on this issue, by withholding any diplomatic support for the 'recognition campaigns' abroad before normal diplomatic relations could be established or the border opened."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAvedian2018211-329"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAvedian2018211_329-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAvedian2018">Avedian 2018</a>, hlm.&#160;211.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Waal2015212,_229–230-330"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Waal2015212,_229–230_330-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFde_Waal2015">de Waal 2015</a>, hlm.&#160;212, 229–230.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBen_Aharon2019346–347-331"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBen_Aharon2019346–347_331-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBen_Aharon2019">Ben Aharon 2019</a>, hlm.&#160;346–347. "Importantly, the territorial conflict between the Azeris and the Armenians over control of Nagorno-Karabakh, triggered by the collapse of the Soviet Union, turned Azerbaijan into a stakeholder in the discourse on the Armenian genocide, and it led an extensive international campaign against recognition."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECheterian2018b886-332"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECheterian2018b886_332-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCheterian2018b">Cheterian 2018b</a>, hlm.&#160;886. "...&#160;it is not possible to understand the ongoing conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan without integrating the discourse of genocide denial produced in Turkey and adopted by Azerbaijan'.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sanjian-333"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sanjian_333-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sanjian_333-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Sanjian, Ara (24 April 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://armenianweekly.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/02/AW_Apr08.pdf#page=27">"Armenia and Genocide: the Growing Engagement of Azerbaijan"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Armenian Weekly</i>. hlm.&#160;28–33.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Armenian+Weekly&amp;rft.atitle=Armenia+and+Genocide%3A+the+Growing+Engagement+of+Azerbaijan&amp;rft.pages=28-33&amp;rft.date=2008-04-24&amp;rft.aulast=Sanjian&amp;rft.aufirst=Ara&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farmenianweekly.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2009%2F02%2FAW_Apr08.pdf%23page%3D27&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECheterian2018b887-334"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECheterian2018b887_334-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECheterian2018b887_334-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCheterian2018b">Cheterian 2018b</a>, hlm.&#160;887.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECheterian2018b893–894-335"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECheterian2018b893–894_335-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCheterian2018b">Cheterian 2018b</a>, hlm.&#160;893–894.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECheterian2018b895–896-336"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECheterian2018b895–896_336-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCheterian2018b">Cheterian 2018b</a>, hlm.&#160;895–896.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFinkel201057–58-337"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFinkel201057–58_337-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFinkel2010">Finkel 2010</a>, hlm.&#160;57–58.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFinkel201059–60-338"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFinkel201059–60_338-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFinkel2010">Finkel 2010</a>, hlm.&#160;59–60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECheterian2018b898–899-339"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECheterian2018b898–899_339-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCheterian2018b">Cheterian 2018b</a>, hlm.&#160;898–899. "...the Azerbaijani elites' belief that the Armenian aggression of the 1980s and 1990s is a continuation of '1915'. As Armenians could not fight a stronger Turkey, they instead attacked the more vulnerable Azerbaijan. From the perspective of the Azerbaijani elite, countries that recognise the genocide of the Armenians are enemies of Azerbaijan."</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sumber">Sumber</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyangkalan_genosida_Armenia&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=26" title="Sunting bagian: Sumber" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyangkalan_genosida_Armenia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=26" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sumber"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Buku">Buku</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyangkalan_genosida_Armenia&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=27" title="Sunting bagian: Buku" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyangkalan_genosida_Armenia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=27" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Buku"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r21093234">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em"> <ul><li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Taner_Ak%C3%A7am" title="Taner Akçam">Akçam, Taner</a> (2012). <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Young_Turks%27_Crime_against_Humanity&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="The Young Turks&#39; Crime against Humanity (halaman belum tersedia)">The Young Turks' Crime against Humanity: The Armenian Genocide and Ethnic Cleansing in the Ottoman Empire</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University_Press" title="Princeton University Press">Princeton University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-691-15333-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-691-15333-9">978-0-691-15333-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Young+Turks%27+Crime+against+Humanity%3A+The+Armenian+Genocide+and+Ethnic+Cleansing+in+the+Ottoman+Empire&amp;rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2012&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-691-15333-9&amp;rft.aulast=Ak%C3%A7am&amp;rft.aufirst=Taner&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Akçam, Taner (2018). <i><a href="/wiki/Killing_Orders" title="Killing Orders">Killing Orders: Talat Pasha's Telegrams and the Armenian Genocide</a></i> (dalam bahasa Inggris). <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-3-319-69787-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-3-319-69787-1">978-3-319-69787-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Killing+Orders%3A+Talat+Pasha%27s+Telegrams+and+the+Armenian+Genocide&amp;rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&amp;rft.date=2018&amp;rft.isbn=978-3-319-69787-1&amp;rft.aulast=Ak%C3%A7am&amp;rft.aufirst=Taner&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Yair_Auron" title="Yair Auron">Auron, Yair</a> (2003). <i>The Banality of Denial: Israel and the Armenian Genocide</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Transaction_Publishers&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Transaction Publishers (halaman belum tersedia)">Transaction Publishers</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-7658-0834-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-7658-0834-9">978-0-7658-0834-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Banality+of+Denial%3A+Israel+and+the+Armenian+Genocide&amp;rft.pub=Transaction+Publishers&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7658-0834-9&amp;rft.aulast=Auron&amp;rft.aufirst=Yair&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Avedian, Vahagn (2018). <i>Knowledge and Acknowledgement in the Politics of Memory of the Armenian Genocide</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris). <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-429-84515-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-429-84515-4">978-0-429-84515-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Knowledge+and+Acknowledgement+in+the+Politics+of+Memory+of+the+Armenian+Genocide&amp;rft.pub=Routledge&amp;rft.date=2018&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-429-84515-4&amp;rft.aulast=Avedian&amp;rft.aufirst=Vahagn&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Marc_David_Baer" class="mw-redirect" title="Marc David Baer">Baer, Marc D.</a> (2020). <i>Sultanic Saviors and Tolerant Turks: Writing Ottoman Jewish History, Denying the Armenian Genocide</i>. <a href="/wiki/Indiana_University_Press" title="Indiana University Press">Indiana University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-253-04542-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-253-04542-3">978-0-253-04542-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Sultanic+Saviors+and+Tolerant+Turks%3A+Writing+Ottoman+Jewish+History%2C+Denying+the+Armenian+Genocide&amp;rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2020&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-253-04542-3&amp;rft.aulast=Baer&amp;rft.aufirst=Marc+D.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Bloxham" title="Donald Bloxham">Bloxham, Donald</a> (2005). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Game_of_Genocide" title="The Great Game of Genocide">The Great Game of Genocide: Imperialism, Nationalism, and the Destruction of the Ottoman Armenians</a></i> (dalam bahasa Inggris). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-922688-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-922688-7">978-0-19-922688-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Great+Game+of+Genocide%3A+Imperialism%2C+Nationalism%2C+and+the+Destruction+of+the+Ottoman+Armenians&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-19-922688-7&amp;rft.aulast=Bloxham&amp;rft.aufirst=Donald&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Vicken_Cheterian" title="Vicken Cheterian">Cheterian, Vicken</a> (2015). <i>Open Wounds: Armenians, Turks and a Century of Genocide</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris). <a href="/wiki/C._Hurst_%26_Co." title="C. Hurst &amp; Co.">Hurst</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-84904-458-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-84904-458-5">978-1-84904-458-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Open+Wounds%3A+Armenians%2C+Turks+and+a+Century+of+Genocide&amp;rft.pub=Hurst&amp;rft.date=2015&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-84904-458-5&amp;rft.aulast=Cheterian&amp;rft.aufirst=Vicken&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Vahakn_Dadrian" title="Vahakn Dadrian">Dadrian, Vahakn N.</a>; Akçam, Taner (2011). <i>Judgment at Istanbul: The Armenian Genocide Trials</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris). Berghahn Books. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-85745-286-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-85745-286-3">978-0-85745-286-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Judgment+at+Istanbul%3A+The+Armenian+Genocide+Trials&amp;rft.pub=Berghahn+Books&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-85745-286-3&amp;rft.aulast=Dadrian&amp;rft.aufirst=Vahakn+N.&amp;rft.au=Ak%C3%A7am%2C+Taner&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_de_Waal" title="Thomas de Waal">de Waal, Thomas</a> (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greatcatastrophe0000dewa"><i>Great Catastrophe: Armenians and Turks in the Shadow of Genocide</i></a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-935069-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-935069-8">978-0-19-935069-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Great+Catastrophe%3A+Armenians+and+Turks+in+the+Shadow+of+Genocide&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2015&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-19-935069-8&amp;rft.aulast=de+Waal&amp;rft.aufirst=Thomas&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgreatcatastrophe0000dewa&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Lerna_Ekmek%C3%A7io%C4%9Flu" title="Lerna Ekmekçioğlu">Ekmekçioğlu, Lerna</a> (2016). <i>Recovering Armenia: The Limits of Belonging in Post-Genocide Turkey</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris). <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University_Press" title="Stanford University Press">Stanford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8047-9706-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8047-9706-1">978-0-8047-9706-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Recovering+Armenia%3A+The+Limits+of+Belonging+in+Post-Genocide+Turkey&amp;rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2016&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8047-9706-1&amp;rft.aulast=Ekmek%C3%A7io%C4%9Flu&amp;rft.aufirst=Lerna&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%96zlem_Bel%C3%A7im_Galip&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Özlem Belçim Galip (halaman belum tersedia)">Galip, Özlem Belçim</a> (2020). <i>New Social Movements and the Armenian Question in Turkey: Civil Society vs. the State</i>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Springer_International_Publishing&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Springer International Publishing (halaman belum tersedia)">Springer International Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-3-030-59400-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-3-030-59400-8">978-3-030-59400-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=New+Social+Movements+and+the+Armenian+Question+in+Turkey%3A+Civil+Society+vs.+the+State&amp;rft.pub=Springer+International+Publishing&amp;rft.date=2020&amp;rft.isbn=978-3-030-59400-8&amp;rft.aulast=Galip&amp;rft.aufirst=%C3%96zlem+Bel%C3%A7im&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Fatma_M%C3%BCge_G%C3%B6%C3%A7ek" title="Fatma Müge Göçek">Göçek, Fatma Müge</a> (2015). <i><a href="/wiki/Denial_of_Violence" title="Denial of Violence">Denial of Violence: Ottoman Past, Turkish Present and Collective Violence Against the Armenians, 1789–2009</a></i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-933420-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-933420-9">978-0-19-933420-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Denial+of+Violence%3A+Ottoman+Past%2C+Turkish+Present+and+Collective+Violence+Against+the+Armenians%2C+1789%E2%80%932009&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2015&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-19-933420-9&amp;rft.aulast=G%C3%B6%C3%A7ek&amp;rft.aufirst=Fatma+M%C3%BCge&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Stefan_Ihrig" title="Stefan Ihrig">Ihrig, Stefan</a> (2016). <i><a href="/wiki/Justifying_Genocide" title="Justifying Genocide">Justifying Genocide: Germany and the Armenians from Bismarck to Hitler</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-674-50479-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-674-50479-0">978-0-674-50479-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Justifying+Genocide%3A+Germany+and+the+Armenians+from+Bismarck+to+Hitler&amp;rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2016&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-674-50479-0&amp;rft.aulast=Ihrig&amp;rft.aufirst=Stefan&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Raymond_K%C3%A9vorkian" title="Raymond Kévorkian">Kévorkian, Raymond</a> (2011). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Armenian_Genocide:_A_Complete_History" title="The Armenian Genocide: A Complete History">The Armenian Genocide: A Complete History</a></i> (dalam bahasa Inggris). <a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Publishing" title="Bloomsbury Publishing">Bloomsbury Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-85771-930-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-85771-930-0">978-0-85771-930-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Armenian+Genocide%3A+A+Complete+History&amp;rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-85771-930-0&amp;rft.aulast=K%C3%A9vorkian&amp;rft.aufirst=Raymond&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Hans-Lukas_Kieser" title="Hans-Lukas Kieser">Kieser, Hans-Lukas</a> (2018). <i><a href="/wiki/Talaat_Pasha:_Father_of_Modern_Turkey,_Architect_of_Genocide" class="mw-redirect" title="Talaat Pasha: Father of Modern Turkey, Architect of Genocide">Talaat Pasha: Father of Modern Turkey, Architect of Genocide</a></i>. Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-4008-8963-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-4008-8963-1">978-1-4008-8963-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Talaat+Pasha%3A+Father+of+Modern+Turkey%2C+Architect+of+Genocide&amp;rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2018&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-4008-8963-1&amp;rft.aulast=Kieser&amp;rft.aufirst=Hans-Lukas&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_B._MacDonald&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="David B. MacDonald (halaman belum tersedia)">MacDonald, David B.</a> (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/identitypolitics0000macd"><i>Identity Politics in the Age of Genocide: The Holocaust and Historical Representation</i></a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). Routledge. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-134-08572-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-134-08572-9">978-1-134-08572-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Identity+Politics+in+the+Age+of+Genocide%3A+The+Holocaust+and+Historical+Representation&amp;rft.pub=Routledge&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-134-08572-9&amp;rft.aulast=MacDonald&amp;rft.aufirst=David+B.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fidentitypolitics0000macd&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Suciyan, Talin (2015). <i>The Armenians in Modern Turkey: Post-Genocide Society, Politics and History</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris). Bloomsbury Publishing. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-85772-773-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-85772-773-2">978-0-85772-773-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Armenians+in+Modern+Turkey%3A+Post-Genocide+Society%2C+Politics+and+History&amp;rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&amp;rft.date=2015&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-85772-773-2&amp;rft.aulast=Suciyan&amp;rft.aufirst=Talin&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Grigor_Suny" title="Ronald Grigor Suny">Suny, Ronald Grigor</a> (2015). <i><a href="/wiki/They_Can_Live_in_the_Desert_but_Nowhere_Else" title="They Can Live in the Desert but Nowhere Else">"They Can Live in the Desert but Nowhere Else": A History of the Armenian Genocide</a></i>. Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-4008-6558-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-4008-6558-1">978-1-4008-6558-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=%22They+Can+Live+in+the+Desert+but+Nowhere+Else%22%3A+A+History+of+the+Armenian+Genocide&amp;rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2015&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-4008-6558-1&amp;rft.aulast=Suny&amp;rft.aufirst=Ronald+Grigor&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bab">Bab</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyangkalan_genosida_Armenia&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=28" title="Sunting bagian: Bab" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyangkalan_genosida_Armenia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=28" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Bab"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r21093234"><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em"> <ul><li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Margaret_L._Anderson" title="Margaret L. Anderson">Anderson, Margaret Lavinia</a> (2011). "Who Still Talked about the Extermination of the Armenians?". Dalam <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Grigor_Suny" title="Ronald Grigor Suny">Suny, Ronald Grigor</a>; <a href="/wiki/Fatma_M%C3%BCge_G%C3%B6%C3%A7ek" title="Fatma Müge Göçek">Göçek, Fatma Müge</a>; <a href="/wiki/Norman_Naimark" title="Norman Naimark">Naimark, Norman M.</a> <i><a href="/wiki/A_Question_of_Genocide" class="mw-redirect" title="A Question of Genocide">A Question of Genocide: Armenians and Turks at the End of the Ottoman Empire</a></i> (dalam bahasa Inggris). Oxford University Press. hlm.&#160;199–217. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-979276-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-979276-4">978-0-19-979276-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Who+Still+Talked+about+the+Extermination+of+the+Armenians%3F&amp;rft.btitle=A+Question+of+Genocide%3A+Armenians+and+Turks+at+the+End+of+the+Ottoman+Empire&amp;rft.pages=199-217&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-19-979276-4&amp;rft.aulast=Anderson&amp;rft.aufirst=Margaret+Lavinia&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Cheterian, Vicken (2018a). "Censorship, Indifference, Oblivion: the Armenian Genocide and Its Denial". <i>Truth, Silence, and Violence in Emerging States. Histories of the Unspoken</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris). Routledge. hlm.&#160;188–214. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-351-14112-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-351-14112-3">978-1-351-14112-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Censorship%2C+Indifference%2C+Oblivion%3A+the+Armenian+Genocide+and+Its+Denial&amp;rft.btitle=Truth%2C+Silence%2C+and+Violence+in+Emerging+States.+Histories+of+the+Unspoken&amp;rft.pages=188-214&amp;rft.pub=Routledge&amp;rft.date=2018&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-351-14112-3&amp;rft.aulast=Cheterian&amp;rft.aufirst=Vicken&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Levon_Chorbajian" title="Levon Chorbajian">Chorbajian, Levon</a> (2016). "<span style="padding-left:0.2em;">'</span>They Brought It on Themselves and It Never Happened': Denial to 1939". <i>The Armenian Genocide Legacy</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris). Palgrave Macmillan UK. hlm.&#160;167–182. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-137-56163-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-137-56163-3">978-1-137-56163-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=%27They+Brought+It+on+Themselves+and+It+Never+Happened%27%3A+Denial+to+1939&amp;rft.btitle=The+Armenian+Genocide+Legacy&amp;rft.pages=167-182&amp;rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan+UK&amp;rft.date=2016&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-137-56163-3&amp;rft.aulast=Chorbajian&amp;rft.aufirst=Levon&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Erbal, Ayda (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1xxswv.5">"Mea Culpas, Negotiations, Apologias: Revisiting the "Apology" of Turkish Intellectuals"</a>. <i>Reconciliation, Civil Society, and the Politics of Memory</i>. Transcript Verlag. hlm.&#160;51–94. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-3-8376-1931-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-3-8376-1931-7">978-3-8376-1931-7</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1xxswv.5">j.ctv1xxswv.5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Mea+Culpas%2C+Negotiations%2C+Apologias%3A+Revisiting+the+%22Apology%22+of+Turkish+Intellectuals&amp;rft.btitle=Reconciliation%2C+Civil+Society%2C+and+the+Politics+of+Memory&amp;rft.pages=51-94&amp;rft.pub=Transcript+Verlag&amp;rft.date=2012&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctv1xxswv.5&amp;rft.isbn=978-3-8376-1931-7&amp;rft.aulast=Erbal&amp;rft.aufirst=Ayda&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctv1xxswv.5&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Göçek, Fatma Müge (2011). "Reading Genocide: Turkish Historiography on 1915". Dalam Suny, Ronald Grigor; Göçek, Fatma Müge; Naimark, Norman M. <i><a href="/wiki/A_Question_of_Genocide" class="mw-redirect" title="A Question of Genocide">A Question of Genocide: Armenians and Turks at the End of the Ottoman Empire</a></i>. Oxford University Press. hlm.&#160;42–52. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-979276-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-979276-4">978-0-19-979276-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Reading+Genocide%3A+Turkish+Historiography+on+1915&amp;rft.btitle=A+Question+of+Genocide%3A+Armenians+and+Turks+at+the+End+of+the+Ottoman+Empire&amp;rft.pages=42-52&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-19-979276-4&amp;rft.aulast=G%C3%B6%C3%A7ek&amp;rft.aufirst=Fatma+M%C3%BCge&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Richard_G._Hovannisian" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard G. Hovannisian">Hovannisian, Richard G.</a> (2001). "Denial: The Armenian Genocide as a Prototype". <i>Remembering for the Future: The Holocaust in an Age of Genocide</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris). Palgrave Macmillan UK. hlm.&#160;796–812. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-349-66019-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-349-66019-3">978-1-349-66019-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Denial%3A+The+Armenian+Genocide+as+a+Prototype&amp;rft.btitle=Remembering+for+the+Future%3A+The+Holocaust+in+an+Age+of+Genocide&amp;rft.pages=796-812&amp;rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan+UK&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-349-66019-3&amp;rft.aulast=Hovannisian&amp;rft.aufirst=Richard+G.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flavia_Lattanzi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Flavia Lattanzi (halaman belum tersedia)">Lattanzi, Flavia</a> (2018). "The Armenian Massacres as the Murder of a Nation?". <i>The Armenian Massacres of 1915–1916 a Hundred Years Later: Open Questions and Tentative Answers in International Law</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris). Springer International Publishing. hlm.&#160;27–104. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-3-319-78169-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-3-319-78169-3">978-3-319-78169-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=The+Armenian+Massacres+as+the+Murder+of+a+Nation%3F&amp;rft.btitle=The+Armenian+Massacres+of+1915%E2%80%931916+a+Hundred+Years+Later%3A+Open+Questions+and+Tentative+Answers+in+International+Law&amp;rft.pages=27-104&amp;rft.pub=Springer+International+Publishing&amp;rft.date=2018&amp;rft.isbn=978-3-319-78169-3&amp;rft.aulast=Lattanzi&amp;rft.aufirst=Flavia&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Robertson" class="mw-redirect" title="Geoffrey Robertson">Robertson, Geoffrey</a> (2016). "Armenia and the G-word: The Law and the Politics". <i>The Armenian Genocide Legacy</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris). Palgrave Macmillan UK. hlm.&#160;69–83. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-137-56163-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-137-56163-3">978-1-137-56163-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Armenia+and+the+G-word%3A+The+Law+and+the+Politics&amp;rft.btitle=The+Armenian+Genocide+Legacy&amp;rft.pages=69-83&amp;rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan+UK&amp;rft.date=2016&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-137-56163-3&amp;rft.aulast=Robertson&amp;rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Erik_Jan_Z%C3%BCrcher" title="Erik Jan Zürcher">Zürcher, Erik Jan</a> (2011). "Renewal and Silence: Postwar Unionist and Kemalist Rhetoric on the Armenian Genocide". Dalam Suny, Ronald Grigor; Göçek, Fatma Müge; Naimark, Norman M. <i><a href="/wiki/A_Question_of_Genocide" class="mw-redirect" title="A Question of Genocide">A Question of Genocide: Armenians and Turks at the End of the Ottoman Empire</a></i>. Oxford University Press. hlm.&#160;306–316. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-979276-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-979276-4">978-0-19-979276-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Renewal+and+Silence%3A+Postwar+Unionist+and+Kemalist+Rhetoric+on+the+Armenian+Genocide&amp;rft.btitle=A+Question+of+Genocide%3A+Armenians+and+Turks+at+the+End+of+the+Ottoman+Empire&amp;rft.pages=306-316&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-19-979276-4&amp;rft.aulast=Z%C3%BCrcher&amp;rft.aufirst=Erik+Jan&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Artikel_jurnal">Artikel jurnal</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyangkalan_genosida_Armenia&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=29" title="Sunting bagian: Artikel jurnal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyangkalan_genosida_Armenia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=29" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Artikel jurnal"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r21093234"><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em"> <ul><li><cite class="citation journal">Akçam, Taner (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1185&amp;context=gsp">"Guenter Lewy's The Armenian Massacres in Ottoman Turkey"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Genocide_Studies_and_Prevention&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Genocide Studies and Prevention (halaman belum tersedia)">Genocide Studies and Prevention</a></i>. <b>3</b> (1): 111–145. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fgsp.2011.0087">10.1353/gsp.2011.0087</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Genocide+Studies+and+Prevention&amp;rft.atitle=Guenter+Lewy%27s+The+Armenian+Massacres+in+Ottoman+Turkey&amp;rft.volume=3&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=111-145&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fgsp.2011.0087&amp;rft.aulast=Ak%C3%A7am&amp;rft.aufirst=Taner&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholarcommons.usf.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1185%26context%3Dgsp&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Avedian, Vahagn (2012). 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"Lost in Commemoration: the Armenian Genocide in Memory and Identity". <i>Patterns of Prejudice</i>. <b>48</b> (2): 147–166. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F0031322X.2014.902210">10.1080/0031322X.2014.902210</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Patterns+of+Prejudice&amp;rft.atitle=Lost+in+Commemoration%3A+the+Armenian+Genocide+in+Memory+and+Identity&amp;rft.volume=48&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=147-166&amp;rft.date=2014&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F0031322X.2014.902210&amp;rft.aulast=%C3%9Cng%C3%B6r&amp;rft.aufirst=U%C4%9Fur+%C3%9Cmit&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3APenyangkalan+genosida+Armenia" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bacaan_tambahan">Bacaan tambahan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyangkalan_genosida_Armenia&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=30" title="Sunting bagian: Bacaan tambahan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyangkalan_genosida_Armenia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=30" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Bacaan tambahan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation book">Turan, Ömer; Öztan, Güven Gürkan (2018). <i>Devlet aklı ve 1915: Türkiye'de "Ermeni Meselesi" anlatısının inşası</i> &#91;<i><span></span></i>Raison d'État<i> and 1915: Turkey's "Armenian Question" and the Construction of Narratives</i>&#93; (dalam bahasa Turki). 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title="Lambang Armenia"><img alt="Lambang Armenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Coat_of_arms_of_Armenia.svg/90px-Coat_of_arms_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Coat_of_arms_of_Armenia.svg/135px-Coat_of_arms_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Coat_of_arms_of_Armenia.svg/180px-Coat_of_arms_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="412" data-file-height="396" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Amerika</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubungan_Armenia%E2%80%93Kanada&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hubungan Armenia–Kanada (halaman belum tersedia)">Kanada</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubungan_Armenia%E2%80%93Meksiko&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hubungan Armenia–Meksiko (halaman belum tersedia)">Meksiko</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubungan_Armenia%E2%80%93Amerika_Serikat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hubungan Armenia–Amerika Serikat (halaman belum tersedia)">Amerika Serikat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubungan_Armenia%E2%80%93Uruguay&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hubungan Armenia–Uruguay (halaman belum tersedia)">Uruguay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubungan_Armenia%E2%80%93Azerbaijan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hubungan Armenia–Azerbaijan (halaman belum tersedia)">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubungan_Armenia%E2%80%93China" class="mw-redirect" title="Hubungan Armenia–China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubungan_Armenia%E2%80%93Siprus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hubungan Armenia–Siprus (halaman belum tersedia)">Siprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubungan_Armenia%E2%80%93India&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hubungan Armenia–India (halaman belum tersedia)">India</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubungan_Armenia%E2%80%93Iran&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hubungan Armenia–Iran (halaman belum tersedia)">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubungan_Armenia%E2%80%93Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Hubungan Armenia–Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubungan_Armenia%E2%80%93Jepang&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hubungan Armenia–Jepang (halaman belum tersedia)">Jepang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubungan_Armenia%E2%80%93Kazakhstan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hubungan Armenia–Kazakhstan (halaman belum tersedia)">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubungan_Armenia%E2%80%93Lebanon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hubungan Armenia–Lebanon (halaman belum tersedia)">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubungan_Armenia%E2%80%93Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Hubungan Armenia–Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubungan_Armenia%E2%80%93Filipina&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hubungan Armenia–Filipina (halaman belum tersedia)">Filipina</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubungan_Armenia%E2%80%93Singapura&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hubungan Armenia–Singapura (halaman belum tersedia)">Singapura</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubungan_Armenia%E2%80%93Suriah&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hubungan Armenia–Suriah (halaman belum tersedia)">Suriah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubungan_Armenia%E2%80%93Turki&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hubungan Armenia–Turki (halaman belum tersedia)">Turki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eropa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubungan_Armenia%E2%80%93Bulgaria&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hubungan Armenia–Bulgaria (halaman belum tersedia)">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubungan_Armenia%E2%80%93Kroasia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hubungan Armenia–Kroasia (halaman belum tersedia)">Kroasia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubungan_Armenia%E2%80%93Denmark&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hubungan Armenia–Denmark (halaman belum tersedia)">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubungan_Armenia%E2%80%93Prancis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hubungan Armenia–Prancis (halaman belum tersedia)">Prancis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubungan_Armenia%E2%80%93Georgia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hubungan Armenia–Georgia (halaman belum tersedia)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubungan_Armenia%E2%80%93Jerman&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hubungan Armenia–Jerman (halaman belum tersedia)">Jerman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubungan_Armenia%E2%80%93Yunani&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hubungan Armenia–Yunani (halaman belum tersedia)">Yunani</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubungan_Armenia%E2%80%93Hungaria&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hubungan Armenia–Hungaria (halaman belum tersedia)">Hungaria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubungan_Armenia%E2%80%93Kosovo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hubungan Armenia–Kosovo (halaman belum tersedia)">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubungan_Armenia%E2%80%93Polandia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hubungan Armenia–Polandia (halaman belum tersedia)">Polandia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubungan_Armenia%E2%80%93Portugal&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hubungan Armenia–Portugal (halaman belum tersedia)">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubungan_Armenia%E2%80%93Romania&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hubungan Armenia–Romania (halaman belum tersedia)">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubungan_Armenia%E2%80%93Rusia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hubungan Armenia–Rusia (halaman belum tersedia)">Rusia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubungan_Armenia%E2%80%93Serbia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hubungan Armenia–Serbia (halaman belum tersedia)">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubungan_Armenia%E2%80%93Swiss&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hubungan Armenia–Swiss (halaman belum tersedia)">Swiss</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubungan_Armenia%E2%80%93Britania_Raya&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hubungan Armenia–Britania Raya (halaman belum tersedia)">Britania Raya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubungan_Armenia%E2%80%93Uni_Eropa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hubungan Armenia–Uni Eropa (halaman belum tersedia)">Uni Eropa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kelompok etnis terkait</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubungan_Armenian%E2%80%93Asiria&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hubungan Armenian–Asiria (halaman belum tersedia)">Asiria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubungan_Armenian%E2%80%93Kurdi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hubungan Armenian–Kurdi (halaman belum tersedia)">Kurdi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hubungan_Armenian%E2%80%93Yahudi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hubungan Armenian–Yahudi (halaman belum tersedia)">Yahudi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topik terkait</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kementerian_Urusan_Luar_Negeri_(Armenia)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kementerian Urusan Luar Negeri (Armenia) (halaman belum tersedia)">Kementerian Urusan Luar Negeri</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_misi_diplomatik_Armenia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar misi diplomatik Armenia (halaman belum tersedia)">Misi diplomatik</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_misi_diplomatik_di_Armenia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar misi diplomatik di Armenia (halaman belum tersedia)">di Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diaspora_Armenia" title="Diaspora Armenia">Diaspora Armenia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Revisionisme_sejarah_(negasionisme)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Falsifikasi_sejarah" title="Templat:Falsifikasi sejarah"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Falsifikasi_sejarah&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Falsifikasi sejarah (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Falsifikasi_sejarah&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Revisionisme_sejarah_(negasionisme)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Revisionisme_sejarah_(negasionisme)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Revisionisme sejarah (negasionisme) (halaman belum tersedia)">Revisionisme sejarah (negasionisme)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Denialisme" title="Denialisme">Denialisme</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Relativisme" title="Relativisme">Relativisme</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rasionalisasi_(psikologi)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rasionalisasi (psikologi) (halaman belum tersedia)">Rasionalisasi</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Menyalahkan_korban" title="Menyalahkan korban">Menyalahkan korban</a></b></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vergangenheitsbew%C3%A4ltigung" title="Vergangenheitsbewältigung">Vergangenheitsbewältigung</a></b></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Historiografi" title="Historiografi">Historiografi</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Kontroversi_buku_teks&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Kontroversi buku teks (halaman belum tersedia)">Kontroversi buku teks sekolah</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Penyangkalan_genosida" title="Penyangkalan genosida">Penyangkalan genosida</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penyangkalan_Holocaust" class="mw-redirect" title="Penyangkalan Holocaust">Holocaust</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trivalisasi_Holocaust&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Trivalisasi Holocaust (halaman belum tersedia)">trivialization</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kritik_terhadap_penyangkalan_Holocaust&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kritik terhadap penyangkalan Holocaust (halaman belum tersedia)">Kritik</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penyangkalan_Genosida_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Penyangkalan Genosida Armenia">Genosida Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Genosida_Ustasha_melawan_Serbia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Genosida Ustasha melawan Serbia (halaman belum tersedia)">Genosida Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penyangkalan_Holodomor" title="Penyangkalan Holodomor">Holodomor</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyangkalan_Genosida_Rwanda&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Penyangkalan Genosida Rwanda (halaman belum tersedia)">Genosida Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penyangkalan_genosida_Kamboja" title="Penyangkalan genosida Kamboja">Genosida Kamboja</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Srebrenica_massacre&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Srebrenica massacre (halaman belum tersedia)">Pembantaian Srebrenica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penyangkalan_Pembantaian_Nanking" title="Penyangkalan Pembantaian Nanking">Pembantaian Nanking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Penyangkal_Holocaust&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Penyangkal Holocaust (halaman belum tersedia)">Pelaku</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Ahmadinejad" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahmoud Ahmadinejad">Mahmoud Ahmadinejad</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Austin_App&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Austin App (halaman belum tersedia)">Austin App</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude_Autant-Lara&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Claude Autant-Lara (halaman belum tersedia)">Claude Autant-Lara</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maurice_Bard%C3%A8che&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Maurice Bardèche (halaman belum tersedia)">Maurice Bardèche</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Elmer_Barnes&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Harry Elmer Barnes (halaman belum tersedia)">Harry Elmer Barnes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Tuson_Bennett&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John Tuson Bennett (halaman belum tersedia)">John Tuson Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jane_Birdwood,_Baroness_Birdwood&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jane Birdwood, Baroness Birdwood (halaman belum tersedia)">Jane Birdwood, Baroness Birdwood</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Black_(nasionalis_putih)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Don Black (nasionalis putih) (halaman belum tersedia)">Don Black</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eric_Butler&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Eric Butler (halaman belum tersedia)">Eric Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Butz&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur Butz (halaman belum tersedia)">Arthur Butz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gheorghe_Buzatu&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gheorghe Buzatu (halaman belum tersedia)">Gheorghe Buzatu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Willis_Carto&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Willis Carto (halaman belum tersedia)">Willis Carto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Ferdinand_C%C3%A9line" title="Louis-Ferdinand Céline">Louis-Ferdinand Céline</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norberto_Ceresole&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Norberto Ceresole (halaman belum tersedia)">Norberto Ceresole</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thies_Christophersen&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Thies Christophersen (halaman belum tersedia)">Thies Christophersen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Craig_Cobb&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Craig Cobb (halaman belum tersedia)">Craig Cobb</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doug_Collins_(jurnalis)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Doug Collins (jurnalis) (halaman belum tersedia)">Doug Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Darquier_de_Pellepoix&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Darquier de Pellepoix (halaman belum tersedia)">Louis Darquier de Pellepoix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Degrelle" title="Léon Degrelle">Léon Degrelle</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luis_D%27El%C3%ADa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Luis D&#39;Elía (halaman belum tersedia)">Luis D'Elía</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Duke" title="David Duke">David Duke</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Duprat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="François Duprat (halaman belum tersedia)">François Duprat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Edmonds&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Edmonds (halaman belum tersedia)">Richard Edmonds</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saeed_Emami&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Saeed Emami (halaman belum tersedia)">Saeed Emami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Faurisson" title="Robert Faurisson">Robert Faurisson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_H._Fetzer" title="James H. Fetzer">James H. Fetzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Fischer" title="Bobby Fischer">Bobby Fischer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Fromm_(aktivis)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Fromm (aktivis) (halaman belum tersedia)">Paul Fromm</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermann_Gauch&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hermann Gauch (halaman belum tersedia)">Hermann Gauch</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hutton_Gibson&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hutton Gibson (halaman belum tersedia)">Hutton Gibson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Goodson&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Stephen Goodson (halaman belum tersedia)">Stephen Goodson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Graf" title="Jürgen Graf">Jürgen Graf</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nick_Griffin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nick Griffin (halaman belum tersedia)">Nick Griffin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_F._K._G%C3%BCnther&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans F. K. Günther (halaman belum tersedia)">Hans F. K. Günther</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthony_Hancock_(penerbit)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Anthony Hancock (penerbit) (halaman belum tersedia)">Anthony Hancock</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Hartung&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Hartung (halaman belum tersedia)">Peter Hartung</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taj_El-Din_Hilaly&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Taj El-Din Hilaly (halaman belum tersedia)">Taj El-Din Hilaly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_A._Hoffman_II&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael A. Hoffman II (halaman belum tersedia)">Michael A. Hoffman II</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Hoggan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="David Hoggan (halaman belum tersedia)">David Hoggan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmed_Huber&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmed Huber (halaman belum tersedia)">Ahmed Huber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Irving" title="David Irving">David Irving</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colin_Jordan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Colin Jordan (halaman belum tersedia)">Colin Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilias_Kasidiaris&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ilias Kasidiaris (halaman belum tersedia)">Ilias Kasidiaris</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Keegstra&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="James Keegstra (halaman belum tersedia)">James Keegstra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Khamenei" title="Ali Khamenei">Ali Khamenei</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicholas_Kollerstrom&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicholas Kollerstrom (halaman belum tersedia)">Nicholas Kollerstrom</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gottfried_K%C3%BCssel&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gottfried Küssel (halaman belum tersedia)">Gottfried Küssel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fred_A._Leuchter&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Fred A. Leuchter (halaman belum tersedia)">Fred A. Leuchter</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alex_Linder&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Alex Linder (halaman belum tersedia)">Alex Linder</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Horst_Mahler&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Horst Mahler (halaman belum tersedia)">Horst Mahler</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naser_Makarem_Shirazi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Naser Makarem Shirazi (halaman belum tersedia)">Naser Makarem Shirazi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Putri_Marie_Adelheid_dari_Lippe&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Putri Marie Adelheid dari Lippe (halaman belum tersedia)">Putri Marie Adelheid dari Lippe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_J._Martin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="James J. Martin (halaman belum tersedia)">James J. Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anders_Greif_Mathisen&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Anders Greif Mathisen (halaman belum tersedia)">Anders Greif Mathisen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlo_Mattogno&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Carlo Mattogno (halaman belum tersedia)">Carlo Mattogno</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_McCalden&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="David McCalden (halaman belum tersedia)">David McCalden</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikolaos_Michaloliakos&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nikolaos Michaloliakos (halaman belum tersedia)">Nikolaos Michaloliakos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eustace_Mullins&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Eustace Mullins (halaman belum tersedia)">Eustace Mullins</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Issam_Naaman&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Issam Naaman (halaman belum tersedia)">Issam Naaman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Collins_Piper&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Collins Piper (halaman belum tersedia)">Michael Collins Piper</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oleg_Platonov&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Oleg Platonov (halaman belum tersedia)">Oleg Platonov</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konstantinos_Plevris&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Konstantinos Plevris (halaman belum tersedia)">Konstantinos Plevris</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Poulet&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Poulet (halaman belum tersedia)">Robert Poulet</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roeland_Raes&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Roeland Raes (halaman belum tersedia)">Roeland Raes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmed_Rami_(penulis)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmed Rami (penulis) (halaman belum tersedia)">Ahmed Rami</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad-Ali_Ramin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mohammad-Ali Ramin (halaman belum tersedia)">Mohammad-Ali Ramin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Rassinier&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Rassinier (halaman belum tersedia)">Paul Rassinier</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otto_Ernst_Remer&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Otto Ernst Remer (halaman belum tersedia)">Otto Ernst Remer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mich%C3%A8le_Renouf&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Michèle Renouf (halaman belum tersedia)">Michèle Renouf</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vincent_Reynouard&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vincent Reynouard (halaman belum tersedia)">Vincent Reynouard</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%BCrgen_Rieger&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jürgen Rieger (halaman belum tersedia)">Jürgen Rieger</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ingrid_Rimland&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ingrid Rimland (halaman belum tersedia)">Ingrid Rimland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Robb&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Robb (halaman belum tersedia)">Thomas Robb</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manfred_Roeder&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Manfred Roeder (halaman belum tersedia)">Manfred Roeder</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malcolm_Ross_(guru_sekolah)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Malcolm Ross (guru sekolah) (halaman belum tersedia)">Malcolm Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germar_Rudolf" title="Germar Rudolf">Germar Rudolf</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernhard_Schaub&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bernhard Schaub (halaman belum tersedia)">Bernhard Schaub</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Schmidt_(Waffen-SS)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Schmidt (Waffen-SS) (halaman belum tersedia)">Hans Schmidt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Sheppard_(aktivis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Simon Sheppard (aktivis)">Simon Sheppard</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bradley_R._Smith&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bradley R. Smith (halaman belum tersedia)">Bradley R. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_St%C3%A4glich&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilhelm Stäglich (halaman belum tersedia)">Wilhelm Stäglich</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kevin_Alfred_Strom&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kevin Alfred Strom (halaman belum tersedia)">Kevin Alfred Strom</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sultan_bin_Zayed_bin_Sultan_Al_Nahyan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sultan bin Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan (halaman belum tersedia)">Sultan bin Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Sungenis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Sungenis (halaman belum tersedia)">Robert Sungenis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammed_Taheri&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mohammed Taheri (halaman belum tersedia)">Mohammed Taheri</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serge_Thion&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Serge Thion (halaman belum tersedia)">Serge Thion</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=H._Keith_Thompson&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="H. Keith Thompson (halaman belum tersedia)">H. Keith Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerald_Fredrick_T%C3%B6ben&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerald Fredrick Töben (halaman belum tersedia)">Fredrick Töben</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_Topacio&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferdinand Topacio (halaman belum tersedia)">Ferdinand Topacio</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Franjo_Tudjman&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Franjo Tudjman (halaman belum tersedia)">Franjo Tudjman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hal_Turner&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hal Turner (halaman belum tersedia)">Hal Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Verrall_(penulis_politik)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Verrall (penulis politik) (halaman belum tersedia)">Richard Verrall</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Vezelis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Vezelis (halaman belum tersedia)">Louis Vezelis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_von_Brunn&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="James von Brunn (halaman belum tersedia)">James von Brunn</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Udo_Walendy&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Udo Walendy (halaman belum tersedia)">Udo Walendy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mark_Weber&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mark Weber (halaman belum tersedia)">Mark Weber</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bill_White_(neo-Nazi)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bill White (neo-Nazi) (halaman belum tersedia)">Bill White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Williamson_(uskup)" title="Richard Williamson (uskup)">Richard Williamson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sami_Abu_Zuhri&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sami Abu Zuhri (halaman belum tersedia)">Sami Abu Zuhri</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernst_Z%C3%BCndel&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ernst Zündel (halaman belum tersedia)">Ernst Zündel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisasi</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Institut_Adelaide&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Institut Adelaide (halaman belum tersedia)">Institut Adelaide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pusat_Pembelajaran_Sebab-Sebab_Perang&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pusat Pembelajaran Sebab-Sebab Perang (halaman belum tersedia)">Pusat Pembelajaran Sebab-Sebab Perang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CODOH&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="CODOH (halaman belum tersedia)">CODOH</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Institut_Ulasan_Sejarah&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Institut Ulasan Sejarah (halaman belum tersedia)">Institut Ulasan Sejarah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publikasi</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Did_Six_Million_Really_Die%3F&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Did Six Million Really Die? (halaman belum tersedia)">Did Six Million Really Die?</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laporan_Leuchter&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Laporan Leuchter (halaman belum tersedia)">Laporan Leuchter</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Journal_of_Historical_Review&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Journal of Historical Review (halaman belum tersedia)">Journal of Historical Review</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Hoax_of_the_Twentieth_Century&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="The Hoax of the Twentieth Century (halaman belum tersedia)">The Hoax of the Twentieth Century</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Konferensi</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konferensi_Ulasan_Visi_Global_Holocaust_Internasional&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Konferensi Ulasan Visi Global Holocaust Internasional (halaman belum tersedia)">Konferensi Ulasan Visi Global Holocaust Internasional</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bali_Holocaust_Conference&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bali Holocaust Conference (halaman belum tersedia)">Bali Holocaust Conference</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Status hukum</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hukum_melawan_penyangkalan_Holocaust&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hukum melawan penyangkalan Holocaust (halaman belum tersedia)">Penegakan hukum</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verbotsgesetz_1947&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Verbotsgesetz 1947 (halaman belum tersedia)">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hukum_penyangkalan_Holocaust_Belgia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hukum penyangkalan Holocaust Belgia (halaman belum tersedia)">Belgia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Undang-Undang_Gayssot&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Undang-Undang Gayssot (halaman belum tersedia)">Prancis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volksverhetzung&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Volksverhetzung (halaman belum tersedia)">Jerman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kasus hukum</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lehideux_dan_Isorni_v._Prancis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lehideux dan Isorni v. Prancis (halaman belum tersedia)">Lehideux dan Isorni v. Prancis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=R._v._Zundel&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="R. v. Zundel (halaman belum tersedia)">R. v. Zundel</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Traktat</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Protokol_Tambahan_untuk_Konvensi_tentang_Kejahatan_Dunia_Maya&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Protokol Tambahan untuk Konvensi tentang Kejahatan Dunia Maya (halaman belum tersedia)">Protokol Tambahan untuk Konvensi tentang Kejahatan Dunia Maya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Topik-topik_genosida" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Topik_genosida" title="Templat:Topik genosida"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Topik_genosida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Topik genosida (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Topik_genosida&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Topik-topik_genosida" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Topik-topik <a href="/wiki/Genosida" title="Genosida">genosida</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Genosida_dalam_sejarah" title="Genosida dalam sejarah">Genosida</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_genosida_berdasarkan_jumlah_korban&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar genosida berdasarkan jumlah korban (halaman belum tersedia)">Jumlah korban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penaklukan_Rusia_di_Siberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Penaklukan Rusia di Siberia">Penduduk asli Siberia</a> (abad ke-17–18)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemberontakan_Shakushain" title="Pemberontakan Shakushain">Ainu</a> (abad ke-17–19)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holocaust_Sikh_1746&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Holocaust Sikh 1746 (halaman belum tersedia)">Sikh Pertama</a> (1746)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genosida_Dzungar" title="Genosida Dzungar">Mongol Dzungar</a> (1750-an)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holocaust_Sikh_1762&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Holocaust Sikh 1762 (halaman belum tersedia)">Sikh kedua</a> (1762)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pembantaian_Haiti_1804" title="Pembantaian Haiti 1804">Orang kulit putih di Haiti</a> (1804)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pembersihan_etnis_Adighe" class="mw-redirect" title="Pembersihan etnis Adighe">Adighe</a> (1817–67)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_populasi_penduduk_asli_Amerika&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sejarah populasi penduduk asli Amerika (halaman belum tersedia)">Penduduk asli Amerika</a> (1830-an)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genosida_Moriori" title="Genosida Moriori">Moriori</a> (1835–1860-an)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penaklukan_Gurun" title="Penaklukan Gurun">Mapuche</a> (1870-an–84)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Genosida_Selknam&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Genosida Selknam (halaman belum tersedia)">Genosida Selknam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generasi_yang_terampas" title="Generasi yang terampas">Anak aborigin Australia</a> (1900–69)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Genosida_Herero_dan_Namaqua&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Genosida Herero dan Namaqua (halaman belum tersedia)">Herero dan Namaqua</a> (1904–07)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genosida_Yunani" title="Genosida Yunani">Yunani</a> (1914–23)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genosida_Asiria" class="mw-redirect" title="Genosida Asiria">Asiria</a> (1914–25)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genosida_Armenia" title="Genosida Armenia">Armenia</a> (1915–23)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holodomor" title="Holodomor">Holodomor</a> (1932–33)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembantaian_Parsley&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembantaian Parsley (halaman belum tersedia)">Orang-orang Haiti di Republik Dominika</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pembantaian_Nanking" title="Pembantaian Nanking">Pembantaian Nanking</a> (1937–38)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holokaus" title="Holokaus">Holokaus</a> (1941–44)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generalplan_Ost" title="Generalplan Ost">Generalplan Ost</a> (1941-1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porajmos" title="Porajmos">Porajmos</a> (1941-1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemberontakan_Jesselton" title="Pemberontakan Jesselton">Suluk</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pembantaian_di_Indonesia_1965%E2%80%931966" title="Pembantaian di Indonesia 1965–1966">Indonesia</a> (1965–1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perang_Saudara_Nigeria" title="Perang Saudara Nigeria">Biafra</a> (1967–70)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konflik_Moro" title="Konflik Moro">Moro</a> (1969–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konflik_Papua" title="Konflik Papua">Papua</a> (1969–)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Genosida_Bangladesh_1971&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Genosida Bangladesh 1971 (halaman belum tersedia)">Bangladesh</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Genosida_Burundi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Genosida Burundi (halaman belum tersedia)">Burundi pertama</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genosida_Kamboja" title="Genosida Kamboja">Kamboja</a> (1975–79)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konflik_Chittagong_Hill_Tracts&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Konflik Chittagong Hill Tracts (halaman belum tersedia)">Chittagong Hill Tracts</a> (1977–97)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genosida_Guatemala" title="Genosida Guatemala">Guatemala</a> (1981–83)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampanye_Al-Anfal" class="mw-redirect" title="Kampanye Al-Anfal">Orang Kurdi di Irak</a> (1986–89)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Genosida_Burundi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Genosida Burundi (halaman belum tersedia)">Burundi kedua</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genosida_Rwanda" title="Genosida Rwanda">Rwanda</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genosida_Bosnia" title="Genosida Bosnia">Bosnia dan Herzegovina</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perang_Darfur" class="mw-redirect" title="Perang Darfur">Darfur</a> (2003–)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persekusi_Yazidi_oleh_ISIS&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Persekusi Yazidi oleh ISIS (halaman belum tersedia)">Yazidi</a> (2014–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Jenis</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otogenosida&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Otogenosida (halaman belum tersedia)">Otogenosida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genosida_budaya" title="Genosida budaya">Genosida budaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pembersihan_etnis" class="mw-redirect" title="Pembersihan etnis">Pembersihan etnis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etnosida" title="Etnosida">Etnosida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pembantaian_genosidal" title="Pembantaian genosidal">Pembantaian genosidal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Genosida_utilitarian&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Genosida utilitarian (halaman belum tersedia)">Genosida utilitarian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Metode</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senjata_bio_etnis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Senjata bio etnis (halaman belum tersedia)">Senjata bio etnis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemerkosaan_genosidal" title="Pemerkosaan genosidal">Pemerkosaan genosidal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genosida_penduduk_asli" title="Genosida penduduk asli">Genosida penduduk asli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Penyangkalan_genosida" title="Penyangkalan genosida">Penyangkalan genosida</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penyangkalan_Holokaus" title="Penyangkalan Holokaus">Holokaus</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penyangkalan_genosida_Rwanda" title="Penyangkalan genosida Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penyangkalan_Holodomor" title="Penyangkalan Holodomor">Holodomor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penyangkalan_Pembantaian_Nanking" title="Penyangkalan Pembantaian Nanking">Pembantaian Nanking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penyangkalan_genosida_Kamboja" title="Penyangkalan genosida Kamboja">Kamboja</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Isu</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Definisi_genosida" title="Definisi genosida">Definisi genosida</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tokoh penting</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talaat_Pasha" class="mw-redirect" title="Talaat Pasha">Talat Pasya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pol_Pot" title="Pol Pot">Pol Pot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_al-Bashir" class="mw-redirect" title="Omar al-Bashir">Omar al-Bashir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustin_Bizimungu" title="Augustin Bizimungu">Augustin Bizimungu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slobodan_Milo%C5%A1evi%C4%87" title="Slobodan Milošević">Slobodan Milošević</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothar_von_Trotha" title="Lothar von Trotha">Lothar von Trotha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efra%C3%ADn_R%C3%ADos_Montt" title="Efraín Ríos Montt">Efraín Ríos Montt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Mac%C3%ADas_Nguema" title="Francisco Macías Nguema">Francisco Macías Nguema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_II_dari_Belgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Leopold II dari Belgia">Leopold II dari Belgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengistu_Haile_Mariam" title="Mengistu Haile Mariam">Mengistu Haile Mariam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Micombero" title="Michel Micombero">Michel Micombero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaisar_Qianlong" title="Kaisar Qianlong">Kaisar Qianlong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Dessalines" title="Jean-Jacques Dessalines">Jean-Jacques Dessalines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.codfw.main‐f6c7df9b8‐ntqbn Cached time: 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