CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><title>I of the Vortex: From Neurons to Self - Rodolfo R. Llinas - Google Books</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="/books/css/_a33f2a89320471e58c940b9287b9d4eb/kl_viewport_kennedy_full_bundle.css" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet"href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Product+Sans:wght@400"><script src="/books/javascript/v2_a33f2a89320471e58c940b9287b9d4eb__en.js"></script><script>_OC_Hooks = ["_OC_Page", "_OC_SearchReload", "_OC_TocReload", "_OC_EmptyFunc", "_OC_SearchPage", "_OC_QuotePage" ];for (var _OC_i = 0; _OC_i < _OC_Hooks.length; _OC_i++) {eval("var " + _OC_Hooks[_OC_i] + ";");}function _OC_InitHooks () {for (var i = 0; i < _OC_Hooks.length; i++) {var func = arguments[i];eval( _OC_Hooks[i] + " = func;");}}</script><link rel="canonical" href="https://books.google.com/books/about/I_of_the_Vortex.html?id=DSp7MG8oGDIC"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://books.google.com/books/about/I_of_the_Vortex.html?id=DSp7MG8oGDIC"/><meta name="title" content="I of the Vortex"/><meta name="description" content="A highly original theory of how the mind-brain works, based on the author's study of single neuronal cells.In I of the Vortex, Rodolfo Llinas, a founding father of modern brain science, presents an original view of the evolution and nature of mind. According to Llinas, the "mindness state" evolved to allow predictive interactions between mobile creatures and their environment. He illustrates the early evolution of mind through a primitive animal called the "sea squirt." The mobile larval form has a brainlike ganglion that receives sensory information about the surrounding environment. As an adult, the sea squirt attaches itself to a stationary object and then digests most of its own brain. This suggests that the nervous system evolved to allow active movement in animals. To move through the environment safely, a creature must anticipate the outcome of each movement on the basis of incoming sensory data. Thus the capacity to predict is most likely the ultimate brain function. One could even say that Self is the centralization of prediction.At the heart of Llinas's theory is the concept of oscillation. Many neurons possess electrical activity, manifested as oscillating variations in the minute voltages across the cell membrane. On the crests of these oscillations occur larger electrical events that are the basis for neuron-to-neuron communication. Like cicadas chirping in unison, a group of neurons oscillating in phase can resonate with a distant group of neurons. This simultaneity of neuronal activity is the neurobiological root of cognition. Although the internal state that we call the mind is guided by the senses, it is also generated by the oscillations within the brain. Thus, in a certain sense, one could say that reality is not all "out there," but is a kind of virtual reality."/><meta property="og:title" content="I of the Vortex"/><meta property="og:type" content="book"/><meta property="og:site_name" content="Google Books"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=DSp7MG8oGDIC&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=1&edge=curl&imgtk=AFLRE71GIeL5kKklx9FghlccVGbL760EBQUjAl5sE3lWo6VgO9f6kF6FkXd1YBo47z5CcxcyUn1PCdZg7-2mLob4UqELvwraSTgPNeoIaZHBbeS48G9lLJmUdz7S0mSw257JrXwrpT4L"/><link rel="image_src" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=DSp7MG8oGDIC&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=1&edge=curl&imgtk=AFLRE71GIeL5kKklx9FghlccVGbL760EBQUjAl5sE3lWo6VgO9f6kF6FkXd1YBo47z5CcxcyUn1PCdZg7-2mLob4UqELvwraSTgPNeoIaZHBbeS48G9lLJmUdz7S0mSw257JrXwrpT4L"/><script></script><style>#gbar,#guser{font-size:13px;padding-top:1px !important;}#gbar{height:22px}#guser{padding-bottom:7px !important;text-align:right}.gbh,.gbd{border-top:1px solid #c9d7f1;font-size:1px}.gbh{height:0;position:absolute;top:24px;width:100%}@media all{.gb1{height:22px;margin-right:.5em;vertical-align:top}#gbar{float:left}}a.gb1,a.gb4{text-decoration:underline !important}a.gb1,a.gb4{color:#00c !important}.gbi .gb4{color:#dd8e27 !important}.gbf .gb4{color:#900 !important} #gbar { padding:.3em .6em !important;}</style></head><body class=""><div id=gbar><nobr><a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tab=pw">Search</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://www.google.com.sg/imghp?hl=en&tab=pi">Images</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://maps.google.com.sg/maps?hl=en&tab=pl">Maps</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://play.google.com/?hl=en&tab=p8">Play</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://www.youtube.com/?tab=p1">YouTube</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://news.google.com/?tab=pn">News</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://mail.google.com/mail/?tab=pm">Gmail</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://drive.google.com/?tab=po">Drive</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 style="text-decoration:none" href="https://www.google.com.sg/intl/en/about/products?tab=ph"><u>More</u> »</a></nobr></div><div id=guser width=100%><nobr><span id=gbn class=gbi></span><span id=gbf class=gbf></span><span id=gbe></span><a target=_top id=gb_70 href="https://www.google.com/accounts/Login?service=print&continue=https://books.google.com.sg/books%3Fid%3DDSp7MG8oGDIC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26redir_esc%3Dy%26hl%3Den&hl=en&ec=GAZACg" class=gb4>Sign in</a></nobr></div><div class=gbh style=left:0></div><div class=gbh style=right:0></div><div role="alert" style="position: absolute; left: 0; right: 0;"><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=DSp7MG8oGDIC&printsec=frontcover&redir_esc=y&hl=en&output=html_text" title="Screen reader users: click this link for accessible mode. Accessible mode has the same essential features but works better with your reader."><img border="0" src="//www.google.com/images/cleardot.gif"alt="Screen reader users: click this link for accessible mode. Accessible mode has the same essential features but works better with your reader."></a></div><div class="kd-appbar"><h2 class="kd-appname"><a href="/books">Books</a></h2><div class="kd-buttonbar left" id="left-toolbar-buttons"><a id="appbar-view-print-sample-link" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=DSp7MG8oGDIC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_vpt_read"></a><a id="appbar-view-ebook-sample-link" href=""></a><a id="appbar-patents-prior-art-finder-link" href=""></a><a id="appbar-patents-discuss-this-link" href="" data-is-grant=""></a><a id="appbar-read-patent-link" href=""></a><a id="appbar-download-pdf-link" href=""></a></div><div class="kd-buttonbar right" id="right-toolbar-buttons"></div></div><div style="display: none"><ol id="ofe-gear-menu-contents" class="gbmcc"><li class="gbe gbmtc"><a class="gbmt goog-menuitem-content" id="" href="https://www.google.com/accounts/Login?service=print&continue=https://books.google.com.sg/books%3Fop%3Dlibrary&hl=en">My library</a></li><li class="gbe gbmtc"><a class="gbmt goog-menuitem-content" id="" href="http://books.google.com.sg/support/topic/4359341?hl=en-SG">Help</a></li><li class="gbe gbmtc"><a class="gbmt goog-menuitem-content" id="" href="https://books.google.com.sg/advanced_book_search">Advanced Book Search</a></li></ol></div><div id="volume-main"><div id="volume-left"><div id=menu_container ><div id="menu_scroll_wrapper"><div id="menu_scroll" role="navigation"><div id="gb-get-book-container"><a id="gb-get-book-content" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=DSp7MG8oGDIC&sitesec=buy&source=gbs_vpt_read">Get print book</a></div><p id="gb-get-book-not-available">No eBook available<p><h3 class=about_title><a name="buy_anchor"></a></h3><div id=buy class=about_content><div id=buy_v><ul style="list-style-type: none; padding-left: 0; margin: 0;"><li><a style="white-space:normal" href="http://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262621632" dir=ltr onMouseOver="this.href='http://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262621632';return false" onMouseDown="this.href='/url?client\x3dca-print-mit_press\x26format\x3dgoogleprint\x26num\x3d0\x26id\x3dDSp7MG8oGDIC\x26q\x3dhttp://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262621632\x26usg\x3dAOvVaw1qPD2F2QVcvUqn5Ra-u6y0\x26source\x3dgbs_buy_r';return true"><span dir=ltr>The MIT Press</span></a></li><li><a style="white-space:normal" href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/search?index=books&linkCode=qs&keywords=9780262621632" dir=ltr onMouseOver="this.href='http://www.amazon.com/gp/search?index\x3dbooks\x26linkCode\x3dqs\x26keywords\x3d9780262621632';return false" onMouseDown="this.href='/url?client\x3dca-print-mit_press\x26format\x3dgoogleprint\x26num\x3d0\x26id\x3dDSp7MG8oGDIC\x26q\x3dhttp://www.amazon.com/gp/search%3Findex%3Dbooks%26linkCode%3Dqs%26keywords%3D9780262621632\x26usg\x3dAOvVaw0qmUJQzNieYVF7ouBMxwfr\x26source\x3dgbs_buy_r';return true"><span dir=ltr>Amazon.com</span></a></li><li><a style="white-space:normal" href="http://www.mphonline.com/books/nsearch.aspx?do=detail&pcode=9780262621632" dir=ltr onMouseOver="this.href='http://www.mphonline.com/books/nsearch.aspx?do\x3ddetail\x26pcode\x3d9780262621632';return false" onMouseDown="this.href='/url?client\x3dca-print-mit_press\x26format\x3dgoogleprint\x26num\x3d0\x26id\x3dDSp7MG8oGDIC\x26q\x3dhttp://www.mphonline.com/books/nsearch.aspx%3Fdo%3Ddetail%26pcode%3D9780262621632\x26usg\x3dAOvVaw05X3m-l6WcTqfheW4eHhj9\x26source\x3dgbs_buy_r';return true"><span dir=ltr>MPH</span></a></li><li><a style="white-space:normal" href="https://www.popular.com.sg/catalogsearch/result/?q=9780262621632" dir=ltr onMouseOver="this.href='https://www.popular.com.sg/catalogsearch/result/?q\x3d9780262621632';return false" onMouseDown="this.href='/url?client\x3dca-print-mit_press\x26format\x3dgoogleprint\x26num\x3d0\x26id\x3dDSp7MG8oGDIC\x26q\x3dhttps://www.popular.com.sg/catalogsearch/result/%3Fq%3D9780262621632\x26usg\x3dAOvVaw1HIDm4bkO33VMXoGX5Pncv\x26source\x3dgbs_buy_r';return true"><span dir=ltr>Popular</span></a></li><li><hr style="margin-right: 20%; color: #666;"></li><li><a style="white-space:normal" href="https://books.google.com.sg/url?id=DSp7MG8oGDIC&pg=PP1&q=http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1024992260&clientid=librarylink&usg=AOvVaw1myCs37IrOFCBNA7l3bez_&source=gbs_buy_r"><span dir=ltr>Find in a library</span></a></li><li><a class="secondary" style="white-space:normal" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=DSp7MG8oGDIC&sitesec=buy&source=gbs_buy_r" id="get-all-sellers-link"><span dir=ltr>All sellers</span> »</a></li></ul></div></div><div class=menu id=menu><div class="menu_content" style="margin-bottom:6px"><div style="margin-bottom:4px"><div class="sidebarnav"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td><div class="sidebarcover"><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=DSp7MG8oGDIC&printsec=frontcover" onclick="_OC_Page('PP1',this.href); return false;"><img src="https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=DSp7MG8oGDIC&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=5&edge=curl&imgtk=AFLRE7354C7ueSBI7WJ5ZfKZhdt8YljnezzVWEVqe9H8dA0cfW4c9WVgCmKAArtZWXuxwTfMzSmy_6eOi913C5aRjnp7j3q_xbzi9sQ5QACokpiWhZ1LXF154Kb-Mu9okA3swLyrBlB9" alt="Front Cover" title="Front Cover" height=80 border=1 id=summary-frontcover ></a></div></td><td></td></tr></table></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div id="volume-info-sidebar"><h1 class="gb-volume-title" dir=ltr>I of the Vortex: From Neurons to Self</h1><span class="addmd">By Rodolfo R. Llinas</span></div><div style="margin-bottom:3px"><form action=/books id=search_form style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" method=get> <input type=hidden name="redir_esc" value="y"><input type=hidden name="id" value="DSp7MG8oGDIC"><table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 class="swv-table"><tr><td class="swv-td-search"><span><input id=search_form_input type=text maxlength=1024 class="text_flat swv-input-search" aria-label="Search in this book" name=q value="" title="Go" accesskey=i></span></td><td class="swv-td-space"><div> </div></td><td><input type=submit value="Go"></td></tr></table><script type="text/javascript">if (window['_OC_autoDir']) {_OC_autoDir('search_form_input');}</script></form></div><div><p><a id="sidebar-atb-link" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=DSp7MG8oGDIC&source=gbs_navlinks_s"><span dir=ltr>About this book</span></a></p></div></div></div><div><div id="navbarContainer" class="gb-navbar"></div><script>_OC_InitNavbar({"child_node":[{"title":"My library","url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?uid=114584440181414684107\u0026source=gbs_lp_bookshelf_list","id":"my_library","collapsed":true},{"title":"My History","url":"","id":"my_history","collapsed":true}],"highlighted_node_id":""});</script><h3 class=about_title><a name="pub_info_anchor"></a></h3><div id=pub_info class=about_content><div id=pub_info_v><table cellspacing=0><tr><td><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/url?id=DSp7MG8oGDIC&pg=PP1&q=http://mitpress.mit.edu&clientid=ca-print-mit_press&linkid=1&usg=AOvVaw2NxPGYrP1RapZ3zFFkNILo&source=gbs_pub_info_r" style="text-decoration:none"><img width=188 height=30 border=0 src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/imgad?id=CKS-8--5pZbuURC8ARgeMggy1x31rxHjlw" alt="MIT Press"></a><tr><td style="font-size:84.6%;color:#666666">Pages displayed by permission of <a class=link_aux href="https://books.google.com.sg/url?id=DSp7MG8oGDIC&pg=PP1&q=http://mitpress.mit.edu&clientid=ca-print-mit_press&linkid=1&usg=AOvVaw2NxPGYrP1RapZ3zFFkNILo&source=gbs_pub_info_r">MIT Press</a>. <a style="color:#7777cc;white-space:normal" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=DSp7MG8oGDIC&printsec=copyright&source=gbs_pub_info_r">Copyright</a>. </table></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div id="volume-center"><div id="scroll_atb" role="main"><div id="toolbar_container"><div style="float:left;white-space:nowrap"><table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr><td id="l_toolbar"></td><td class=toolbar-pc-cell><table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr><td class=no-jump-cell align=right><span id=page_label style="margin-right:.5em">Front Cover</span></td><td class=arrow style="padding-right:2px"><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=DSp7MG8oGDIC&pg=PT8&lpg=PP1&focus=viewport" onclick="_OC_EmptyFunc(this.href); return false;"><div class=pagination><div id=prev_btn alt="Previous Page" title="Previous Page" class="SPRITE_pagination_v2_left"></div></div></a></td><td class=arrow><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=DSp7MG8oGDIC&pg=PP5&lpg=PP1&focus=viewport" onclick="_OC_EmptyFunc(this.href); return false;"><div class=pagination><div id=next_btn alt="Next available page" title="Next available page" class="SPRITE_pagination_v2_right"></div></div></a></td></tr></table></td><td>  </td><td id=view_toolbar></td><td id=view_new></td></tr></table></div><div style="float:right"><table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr><td></td><td id="r_toolbar" style="white-space:nowrap"></td></tr></table></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div id="search_bar"></div><div class="gback"><div id="viewport" class="viewport" tabindex="0"><a name="page" accesskey="c"></a><table class="viewport-table" id="container" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td valign="top" align="center"><noscript><style type=text/css media=print> .html_page_image{display:none;} .viewport div img {display:none;} </style><div style="height:911px;width:575px;position:relative;margin-bottom:4px"><style type=text/css>.html_page_image { background-image:url("https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=DSp7MG8oGDIC&pg=PP1&img=1&zoom=3&hl=en&sig=ACfU3U2D4PTVqiv7qCryAie7IMmOwo0qzQ"); width:575px;height:911px; top:0px;left:0px;position:relative}</style><div class=html_page_image><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=DSp7MG8oGDIC&pg=PP5&lpg=PP1&focus=viewport" style="outline:none"><img class=html_page_secure_image src="//www.google.com/images/cleardot.gif" height=911 width=575 border=0 alt="Next available page" title="Next available page"></a></div></div></noscript></td></tr></table></div></div><script>_OC_addFlags({Host:"https://books.google.com.sg/", IsBooksUnifiedLeftNavEnabled:1, IsBrowsingHistoryEnabled:1, IsBooksRentalEnabled:1, IsZipitFolderCollectionEnabled:1});_OC_Run({"page":[{"pid":"PP1","flags":32,"order":0},{"pid":"PP5","order":4,"h":925},{"pid":"PP6","order":5,"h":915},{"pid":"PA1","order":14,"title":"1","h":925},{"pid":"PA2","order":15,"title":"2","h":915},{"pid":"PA3","order":16,"title":"3","h":924},{"pid":"PA4","order":17,"title":"4","h":914},{"pid":"PA5","order":18,"title":"5","h":922},{"pid":"PA6","order":19,"title":"6","h":912},{"pid":"PA7","order":20,"title":"7","h":925},{"pid":"PA8","order":21,"title":"8","h":913},{"pid":"PA9","order":22,"title":"9","h":925},{"pid":"PA10","order":23,"title":"10","h":914},{"pid":"PA11","order":24,"title":"11","h":924},{"pid":"PA12","order":25,"title":"12","h":914},{"pid":"PA13","order":26,"title":"13","h":925},{"pid":"PA14","order":27,"title":"14","h":915},{"pid":"PA15","order":28,"title":"15","h":925},{"pid":"PA16","order":29,"title":"16","h":915},{"pid":"PA17","order":30,"title":"17","h":925},{"pid":"PA18","order":31,"title":"18","h":915},{"pid":"PA20","order":33,"title":"20","h":914},{"pid":"PA21","order":34,"title":"21","h":925},{"pid":"PA22","order":35,"title":"22","h":915},{"pid":"PA23","order":36,"title":"23","h":925},{"pid":"PA24","order":37,"title":"24","h":913},{"pid":"PA25","order":38,"title":"25","h":925},{"pid":"PA26","order":39,"title":"26","h":912},{"pid":"PA27","order":40,"title":"27","h":923},{"pid":"PA28","order":41,"title":"28","h":912},{"pid":"PA29","order":42,"title":"29","h":926},{"pid":"PA30","order":43,"title":"30","h":913},{"pid":"PA31","order":44,"title":"31","h":927},{"pid":"PA32","order":45,"title":"32","h":913},{"pid":"PA33","order":46,"title":"33","h":925},{"pid":"PA34","order":47,"title":"34","h":915},{"pid":"PA35","order":48,"title":"35","h":925},{"pid":"PA36","order":49,"title":"36","h":912},{"pid":"PA37","order":50,"title":"37","h":926},{"pid":"PA38","order":51,"title":"38","h":915},{"pid":"PA39","order":52,"title":"39","h":927},{"pid":"PA40","order":53,"title":"40","h":912},{"pid":"PA41","order":54,"title":"41","h":927},{"pid":"PA42","order":55,"title":"42","h":913},{"pid":"PA43","order":56,"title":"43","h":929},{"pid":"PA44","order":57,"title":"44","h":916},{"pid":"PA45","order":58,"title":"45","h":927},{"pid":"PA46","order":59,"title":"46","h":913},{"pid":"PA47","order":60,"title":"47","h":927},{"pid":"PA48","order":61,"title":"48","h":914},{"pid":"PA49","order":62,"title":"49","h":925},{"pid":"PA50","order":63,"title":"50","h":915},{"pid":"PA51","order":64,"title":"51","h":928},{"pid":"PA52","order":65,"title":"52","h":914},{"pid":"PA53","order":66,"title":"53","h":924},{"pid":"PA54","order":67,"title":"54","h":914},{"pid":"PA55","order":68,"title":"55","h":925},{"pid":"PA56","order":69,"title":"56","h":914},{"pid":"PA57","order":70,"title":"57","h":925},{"pid":"PA58","order":71,"title":"58","h":915},{"pid":"PA59","order":72,"title":"59","h":927},{"pid":"PA60","order":73,"title":"60","h":914},{"pid":"PA61","order":74,"title":"61","h":930},{"pid":"PA62","order":75,"title":"62","h":915},{"pid":"PA63","order":76,"title":"63","h":924},{"pid":"PA64","order":77,"title":"64","h":914},{"pid":"PA65","order":78,"title":"65","h":924},{"pid":"PA66","order":79,"title":"66","h":912},{"pid":"PA67","order":80,"title":"67","h":923},{"pid":"PA68","order":81,"title":"68","h":913},{"pid":"PA69","order":82,"title":"69","h":925},{"pid":"PA70","order":83,"title":"70","h":914},{"pid":"PA71","order":84,"title":"71","h":924},{"pid":"PA72","order":85,"title":"72","h":912},{"pid":"PA73","order":86,"title":"73","h":927},{"pid":"PA74","order":87,"title":"74","h":914},{"pid":"PA75","order":88,"title":"75","h":925},{"pid":"PA76","order":89,"title":"76","h":915},{"pid":"PA77","order":90,"title":"77","h":924},{"pid":"PA78","order":91,"title":"78","h":912},{"pid":"PA79","order":92,"title":"79","h":926},{"pid":"PA80","order":93,"title":"80","h":916},{"pid":"PA81","order":94,"title":"81","h":925},{"pid":"PA82","order":95,"title":"82","h":915},{"pid":"PA83","order":96,"title":"83","h":924},{"pid":"PA84","order":97,"title":"84","h":913},{"pid":"PA85","order":98,"title":"85","h":928},{"pid":"PA86","order":99,"title":"86","h":915},{"pid":"PA87","order":100,"title":"87","h":924},{"pid":"PA88","order":101,"title":"88","h":911},{"pid":"PA89","order":102,"title":"89","h":925},{"pid":"PA90","order":103,"title":"90","h":915},{"pid":"PA91","order":104,"title":"91","h":925},{"pid":"PA92","order":105,"title":"92","h":915},{"pid":"PA93","order":106,"title":"93","h":926},{"pid":"PA94","order":107,"title":"94","h":915},{"pid":"PA95","order":108,"title":"95","h":925},{"pid":"PA96","order":109,"title":"96","h":914},{"pid":"PA97","order":110,"title":"97","h":925},{"pid":"PA98","order":111,"title":"98","h":915},{"pid":"PA99","order":112,"title":"99","h":924},{"pid":"PA100","order":113,"title":"100","h":915},{"pid":"PA101","order":114,"title":"101","h":925},{"pid":"PA102","order":115,"title":"102","h":915},{"pid":"PA103","order":116,"title":"103","h":926},{"pid":"PA104","order":117,"title":"104","h":914},{"pid":"PA105","order":118,"title":"105","h":928},{"pid":"PA106","order":119,"title":"106","h":915},{"pid":"PA107","order":120,"title":"107","h":927},{"pid":"PA108","order":121,"title":"108","h":915},{"pid":"PA109","order":122,"title":"109","h":925},{"pid":"PA110","order":123,"title":"110","h":915},{"pid":"PA111","order":124,"title":"111","h":925},{"pid":"PA112","order":125,"title":"112","h":913},{"pid":"PA113","order":126,"title":"113","h":925},{"pid":"PA114","order":127,"title":"114","h":913},{"pid":"PA115","order":128,"title":"115","h":925},{"pid":"PA116","order":129,"title":"116","h":915},{"pid":"PA117","order":130,"title":"117","h":926},{"pid":"PA118","order":131,"title":"118","h":913},{"pid":"PA119","order":132,"title":"119","h":925},{"pid":"PA120","order":133,"title":"120","h":913},{"pid":"PA121","order":134,"title":"121","h":927},{"pid":"PA122","order":135,"title":"122","h":915},{"pid":"PA123","order":136,"title":"123","h":925},{"pid":"PA124","order":137,"title":"124","h":912},{"pid":"PA125","order":138,"title":"125","h":925},{"pid":"PA126","order":139,"title":"126","h":913},{"pid":"PA127","order":140,"title":"127","h":927},{"pid":"PA128","order":141,"title":"128","h":914},{"pid":"PA129","order":142,"title":"129","h":925},{"pid":"PA130","order":143,"title":"130","h":914},{"pid":"PA131","order":144,"title":"131","h":925},{"pid":"PA132","order":145,"title":"132","h":913},{"pid":"PA133","order":146,"title":"133","h":925},{"pid":"PA134","order":147,"title":"134","h":914},{"pid":"PA135","order":148,"title":"135","h":925},{"pid":"PA136","order":149,"title":"136","h":915},{"pid":"PA137","order":150,"title":"137","h":924},{"pid":"PA138","order":151,"title":"138","h":912},{"pid":"PA139","order":152,"title":"139","h":925},{"pid":"PA140","order":153,"title":"140","h":915},{"pid":"PA141","order":154,"title":"141","h":925},{"pid":"PA142","order":155,"title":"142","h":914},{"pid":"PA143","order":156,"title":"143","h":927},{"pid":"PA144","order":157,"title":"144","h":915},{"pid":"PA145","order":158,"title":"145","h":925},{"pid":"PA146","order":159,"title":"146","h":913},{"pid":"PA147","order":160,"title":"147","h":925},{"pid":"PA148","order":161,"title":"148","h":913},{"pid":"PA149","order":162,"title":"149","h":924},{"pid":"PA150","order":163,"title":"150","h":912},{"pid":"PA152","order":165,"title":"152","h":913},{"pid":"PA155","order":168,"title":"155","h":924},{"pid":"PA156","order":169,"title":"156","h":914},{"pid":"PA157","order":170,"title":"157","h":925},{"pid":"PA158","order":171,"title":"158","h":915},{"pid":"PA159","order":172,"title":"159","h":925},{"pid":"PA160","order":173,"title":"160","h":914},{"pid":"PA165","order":178,"title":"165","h":926},{"pid":"PA166","order":179,"title":"166","h":913},{"pid":"PA167","order":180,"title":"167","h":925},{"pid":"PA168","order":181,"title":"168","h":915},{"pid":"PA169","order":182,"title":"169","h":925},{"pid":"PA170","order":183,"title":"170","h":914},{"pid":"PA172","order":185,"title":"172","h":913},{"pid":"PA173","order":186,"title":"173","h":925},{"pid":"PA176","order":189,"title":"176","h":915},{"pid":"PA181","order":194,"title":"181","h":924},{"pid":"PA183","order":196,"title":"183","h":926},{"pid":"PA185","order":198,"title":"185","h":925},{"pid":"PA186","order":199,"title":"186","h":912},{"pid":"PA187","order":200,"title":"187","h":924},{"pid":"PA188","order":201,"title":"188","h":913},{"pid":"PA189","order":202,"title":"189","h":925},{"pid":"PA192","order":205,"title":"192","h":914},{"pid":"PA194","order":207,"title":"194","h":913},{"pid":"PA195","order":208,"title":"195","h":922},{"pid":"PA196","order":209,"title":"196","h":915},{"pid":"PA197","order":210,"title":"197","h":925},{"pid":"PA199","order":212,"title":"199","h":926},{"pid":"PA202","order":215,"title":"202","h":914},{"pid":"PA203","order":216,"title":"203","h":925},{"pid":"PA205","order":218,"title":"205","h":925},{"pid":"PA208","order":221,"title":"208","h":913},{"pid":"PA211","order":224,"title":"211","h":923},{"pid":"PA213","order":226,"title":"213","h":922},{"pid":"PA214","order":227,"title":"214","h":911},{"pid":"PA215","order":228,"title":"215","h":927},{"pid":"PA219","order":232,"title":"219","h":928},{"pid":"PA226","order":239,"title":"226","h":913},{"pid":"PA227","order":240,"title":"227","h":923},{"pid":"PA228","order":241,"title":"228","h":913},{"pid":"PA229","order":242,"title":"229","h":924},{"pid":"PA230","order":243,"title":"230","h":912},{"pid":"PA232","order":245,"title":"232","h":915},{"pid":"PA233","order":246,"title":"233","h":925},{"pid":"PA235","order":248,"title":"235","h":925},{"pid":"PA236","order":249,"title":"236","h":915},{"pid":"PA238","order":251,"title":"238","h":915},{"pid":"PA240","order":253,"title":"240","h":916},{"pid":"PA242","order":255,"title":"242","h":914},{"pid":"PA243","order":256,"title":"243","h":925},{"pid":"PA245","order":258,"title":"245","h":925},{"pid":"PA246","order":259,"title":"246","h":913},{"pid":"PA250","order":263,"title":"250","h":915},{"pid":"PA252","order":265,"title":"252","h":913},{"pid":"PA253","order":266,"title":"253","h":926},{"pid":"PA255","order":268,"title":"255","h":925},{"pid":"PA256","order":269,"title":"256","h":912},{"pid":"PA257","order":270,"title":"257","h":925},{"pid":"PA258","order":271,"title":"258","h":913},{"pid":"PA261","order":274,"title":"261","h":924},{"pid":"PA262","order":275,"title":"262","h":913},{"pid":"PA264","order":277,"title":"264","h":915},{"pid":"PA265","order":278,"title":"265","h":923},{"pid":"PA266","order":279,"title":"266","h":913},{"pid":"PA270","order":283,"title":"270","h":913},{"pid":"PA276","order":289,"title":"276","h":915},{"pid":"PA295","order":308,"title":"295","h":925},{"pid":"PA296","order":309,"title":"296","h":916},{"pid":"PA297","order":310,"title":"297","h":924},{"pid":"PA298","order":311,"title":"298","h":916},{"pid":"PA299","order":312,"title":"299","h":926},{"pid":"PA300","order":313,"title":"300","h":915},{"pid":"PA301","order":314,"title":"301"},{"pid":"PA302","order":315,"title":"302","h":911},{"pid":"PT8","flags":64,"order":323,"h":894}],"prefix":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=DSp7MG8oGDIC\u0026lpg=PP1"},{"fullview":false,"page_width":575,"page_height":921,"font_height":15,"first_content_page":14,"disable_twopage":true,"initial_zoom_width_override":685,"show_print_pages_button":false,"title":"I of the Vortex","subtitle":"From Neurons to Self","attribution":"By Rodolfo R. Llinas","additional_info":{"[JsonBookInfo]":{"BuyLinks":[{"Seller":"The MIT Press","Url":"http://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262621632","TrackingUrl":"/url?client=ca-print-mit_press\u0026format=googleprint\u0026num=0\u0026id=DSp7MG8oGDIC\u0026q=http://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262621632\u0026usg=AOvVaw1qPD2F2QVcvUqn5Ra-u6y0","IsPublisher":true},{"Seller":"Amazon.com","Url":"http://www.amazon.com/gp/search?index=books\u0026linkCode=qs\u0026keywords=9780262621632","TrackingUrl":"/url?client=ca-print-mit_press\u0026format=googleprint\u0026num=0\u0026id=DSp7MG8oGDIC\u0026q=http://www.amazon.com/gp/search%3Findex%3Dbooks%26linkCode%3Dqs%26keywords%3D9780262621632\u0026usg=AOvVaw0qmUJQzNieYVF7ouBMxwfr"},{"Seller":"MPH","Url":"http://www.mphonline.com/books/nsearch.aspx?do=detail\u0026pcode=9780262621632","TrackingUrl":"/url?client=ca-print-mit_press\u0026format=googleprint\u0026num=0\u0026id=DSp7MG8oGDIC\u0026q=http://www.mphonline.com/books/nsearch.aspx%3Fdo%3Ddetail%26pcode%3D9780262621632\u0026usg=AOvVaw05X3m-l6WcTqfheW4eHhj9"},{"Seller":"Popular","Url":"https://www.popular.com.sg/catalogsearch/result/?q=9780262621632","TrackingUrl":"/url?client=ca-print-mit_press\u0026format=googleprint\u0026num=0\u0026id=DSp7MG8oGDIC\u0026q=https://www.popular.com.sg/catalogsearch/result/%3Fq%3D9780262621632\u0026usg=AOvVaw1HIDm4bkO33VMXoGX5Pncv"}],"AboutUrl":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=DSp7MG8oGDIC","PreviewUrl":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=DSp7MG8oGDIC","allowed_syndication_flags":{"allow_disabling_chrome":true},"TocLine":[{"Title":"Setting Mind to Mind","Pid":"PA1","PgNum":"1","Order":14},{"Title":"Prediction Is the Ultimate Function of the Brain","Pid":"PA21","PgNum":"21","Order":34},{"Title":"The Embedding of Universals through the Embedding of Motricity","Pid":"PA53","PgNum":"53","Order":66},{"Title":"Nerve Cells and Their Personalities","Pid":"PA69","PgNum":"69","Order":82},{"Title":"Lessons from the Evolution of the Eye","Pid":"PA93","PgNum":"93","Order":106},{"Title":"The I of the Vortex","Pid":"PA111","PgNum":"111","Order":124},{"Title":"Fixed Action Patterns Automatic Brain Modules that Make Complex Movements","Pid":"PA133","PgNum":"133","Order":146},{"Title":"Emotions as FAPs","Pid":"PA155","PgNum":"155","Order":168},{"Title":"Of Learning and Memory","Pid":"PA173","PgNum":"173","Order":186},{"Title":"Qualia from a Neuronal Point of View","Pid":"PA201","PgNum":"201","Order":214},{"Title":"Language as the Child of Abstract Thought","Pid":"PA225","PgNum":"225","Order":238},{"Title":"The Collective Mind?","Pid":"PA247","PgNum":"247","Order":260},{"Title":"References","Pid":"PA267","PgNum":"267","Order":280}]}},"max_resolution_image_width":1280,"max_resolution_image_height":2050,"quality_info":"We know this book has perfect quality.","volume_id":"DSp7MG8oGDIC","permission_info":"Pages displayed by permission of \u003ca class=link_aux href=\"https://books.google.com.sg/url?id=DSp7MG8oGDIC\u0026pg=PP1\u0026q=http://mitpress.mit.edu\u0026clientid=ca-print-mit_press\u0026linkid=1\u0026usg=AOvVaw2NxPGYrP1RapZ3zFFkNILo\u0026source=gbs_pub_info_r\"\u003eMIT Press\u003c/a\u003e","is_ebook":false,"volumeresult":{"has_flowing_text":true,"has_scanned_text":true,"can_download_pdf":false,"can_download_epub":false,"is_pdf_drm_enabled":false,"is_epub_drm_enabled":false},"publisher":"MIT Press","publication_date":"2002.02.22","subject":"Medical","num_pages":320,"sample_url":"https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=DSp7MG8oGDIC\u0026source=gbs_vpt_hover","synposis":"A highly original theory of how the mind-brain works, based on the author's study of single neuronal cells.In I of the Vortex, Rodolfo Llinas, a founding father of modern brain science, presents an original view of the evolution and nature of mind. According to Llinas, the \"mindness state\" evolved to allow predictive interactions between mobile creatures and their environment. He illustrates the early evolution of mind through a primitive animal called the \"sea squirt.\" The mobile larval form has a brainlike ganglion that receives sensory information about the surrounding environment. As an adult, the sea squirt attaches itself to a stationary object and then digests most of its own brain. This suggests that the nervous system evolved to allow active movement in animals. To move through the environment safely, a creature must anticipate the outcome of each movement on the basis of incoming sensory data. Thus the capacity to predict is most likely the ultimate brain function. One could even say that Self is the centralization of prediction.At the heart of Llinas's theory is the concept of oscillation. Many neurons possess electrical activity, manifested as oscillating variations in the minute voltages across the cell membrane. On the crests of these oscillations occur larger electrical events that are the basis for neuron-to-neuron communication. Like cicadas chirping in unison, a group of neurons oscillating in phase can resonate with a distant group of neurons. This simultaneity of neuronal activity is the neurobiological root of cognition. Although the internal state that we call the mind is guided by the senses, it is also generated by the oscillations within the brain. Thus, in a certain sense, one could say that reality is not all \"out there,\" but is a kind of virtual reality.","my_library_url":"https://www.google.com/accounts/Login?service=print\u0026continue=https://books.google.com.sg/books%3Fop%3Dlibrary\u0026hl=en","is_magazine":false,"is_public_domain":false},{"enableUserFeedbackUI":true,"pseudocontinuous":true,"is_cobrand":false,"sign_in_url":"https://www.google.com/accounts/Login?service=print\u0026continue=https://books.google.com.sg/books%3Fid%3DDSp7MG8oGDIC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26redir_esc%3Dy%26hl%3Den\u0026hl=en","isEntityPageViewport":false,"showViewportOnboarding":false,"showViewportPlainTextOnboarding":false},{"page":[{"pid":"PP1","src":"https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=DSp7MG8oGDIC\u0026pg=PP1\u0026img=1\u0026zoom=3\u0026hl=en\u0026sig=ACfU3U2D4PTVqiv7qCryAie7IMmOwo0qzQ","flags":32,"order":0,"uf":"https://books.google.com.sg/books_feedback?id=DSp7MG8oGDIC\u0026spid=AFLRE7096c5vjPvwMDEHx6Ned87G--wleclbAsjlqUFOwEgHKcbnbfc\u0026ftype=0"},{"pid":"PP5","src":"https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=DSp7MG8oGDIC\u0026pg=PP5\u0026img=1\u0026zoom=3\u0026hl=en\u0026sig=ACfU3U1rAas7hk3ioD_8gB2uKJCigIdOAA"},{"pid":"PP6","src":"https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=DSp7MG8oGDIC\u0026pg=PP6\u0026img=1\u0026zoom=3\u0026hl=en\u0026sig=ACfU3U1X8imADAAwTbnbabYTL4otFkAuxg"}]},null,null,{});</script></div></div></div><script>(function() {var href = window.location.href;if (href.indexOf('?') !== -1) {var parameters = href.split('?')[1].split('&');for (var i = 0; i < parameters.length; i++) {var param = parameters[i].split('=');if (param[0] == 'focus') {var elem = document.getElementById(param[1]);if (elem) {elem.focus();}}}}})();</script>