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id="content" role="main" class="single-wrapper"> <header class="entry-header-single"> <h1 class="entry-title single-entry-title"> Astronomers Observe Starspots on Surface of Giant Star</h1> <div class="single-meta"> <div class="metainfoleft"> <div class="info"> <span class="date"> Dec 4, 2024 by </span> <a href="https://www.sci.news/author/delazaro">Enrico de Lazaro</a> </div> </div> <div class="single-pagi"> <div class="prev-nav"> <a href="https://www.sci.news/astronomy/kepler-51-system-fourth-exoplanet-13477.html">« Previous </a></div> | <div class="next-nav"> <a href="https://www.sci.news/astronomy/67p-churyumov-gerasimenko-comet-water-13482.html">Next »</a></div> <div class="cb"></div> </div> <div class="cb"></div> </div> </header> <section> <div id="single-heading-content">  <div class="single-right"> <article id="post-102080" class="post-102080 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-astronomy tag-giant-star tag-hd-12545 tag-star tag-starspot tag-xx-trianguli"> <div class="entry-content"> <p><strong>XX Trianguli, a bright K0-type giant star in a binary system located in the constellation of Triangulum, exhibits chaotic, non-periodic star spot behavior, according to a team of astronomers from the Leibniz-Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam, the University of Potsdam and Konkoly Observatory.</strong></p> <div id="attachment_102083" style="width: 590px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><a href="https://cdn.sci.news/images/enlarge12/image_13480e-XX-Trianguli.jpg"><img aria-describedby="caption-attachment-102083" class="wp-image-102083 size-full" src="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/12/image_13480-XX-Trianguli.jpg" alt="Starspots on the surface of XX Trianguli. Image credit: HUN-REN RCAES / Zs. Kővári, MOME / Á. Radványi, AIP / K. Strassmeier." width="580" height="326" srcset="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/12/image_13480-XX-Trianguli.jpg 580w, https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/12/image_13480-XX-Trianguli-300x169.jpg 300w, https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/12/image_13480-XX-Trianguli-195x110.jpg 195w" sizes="(max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px" /></a><p id="caption-attachment-102083" class="wp-caption-text">Starspots on the surface of XX Trianguli. Image credit: HUN-REN RCAES / Zs. Kővári, MOME / Á. Radványi, AIP / K. Strassmeier.</p></div> <p>“Among the observables from the spatially resolved solar disk are the number, size, and morphology of sunspots, their growth and decay, and their migration in latitude and longitude,” said lead author Professor Klaus Strassmeier, an astronomer at the Leibniz-Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam and the University of Potsdam, and his colleagues.</p> <p>“Such spots are also seen on other stars, then referred to as star spots.”</p> <p>“We employ an indirect surface imaging technique to invert the spectral line profiles into images of the stellar surface.”</p> <p>“Typically, only occasional snapshots of spots on stellar surfaces are obtainable while it is well-known that spots systematically change with time and, like on the Sun, only then tell us about the interior dynamo and structure of the target in question.”</p> <p>“We picked one of the most spotted stars in the sky, XX Trianguli, for such a more continuous application of Doppler imaging.”</p> <p><a href="https://simbad.cds.unistra.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=XX+Trianguli" target="_blank" rel="noopener">XX Trianguli</a> lies approximately 640 light-years away in the constellation of Triangulum.</p> <p>Also known as XX Tri or HD 12545, the star has a mass just 10 % more massive than the Sun, a radius of 10 solar radii, and an effective temperature of 4630 K.</p> <p>It has a rotation period of 24 days synchronized to the orbital period of the binary system.</p> <p>XX Trianguli was <a href="https://www.sci.news/astronomy/science-starspots-red-giant-hd12545-03358.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">previously found</a> to have a gigantic star spot with physical dimensions 10,000 times the area of the largest spot group ever seen on the Sun, equivalent to 10 times the projected solar disk.</p> <p>Using an indirect surface imaging technique called Doppler imaging, Professor Strassmeier and co-authors captured 99 independent images of the star.</p> <p>“Dark spots on the star’s surface caused shifts in its photocenter — essentially the point that represents the ‘center of light’ of the star — by up to 24 micro arc seconds, equivalent to about 10% of the star’s visible disk radius,” they said.</p> <p>“These shifts occur because dark spots reduce the brightness in certain areas of the star, causing the perceived center of light to move slightly.”</p> <p>“However, unlike the Sun’s predictable activity cycle, these photocenter displacements did not follow a periodic pattern, suggesting a mostly chaotic and likely non-periodic dynamo very different to the Sun’s.”</p> <p>“This phenomenon also highlights a challenge for detecting exoplanets, as these spot-induced variations in the photocenter can mimic or obscure the tiny motions caused by orbiting planets, adding an intrinsic limitation for such astrometric exoplanet catches.”</p> <p>The <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-54329-4" target="_blank" rel="noopener">findings</a> appear in the journal <em>Nature Communications</em>.</p> <p><span style="color: #808080;">_____</span></p> <p><span style="color: #808080;">K.G. Strassmeier <em>et al</em>. 2024. Long-term Doppler imaging of the star XX Trianguli indicates chaotic non-periodic dynamo. <em>Nat Commun</em> 15, 9986; doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-54329-4</span></p> </div> </article> </div> <div class="single-left"> <div class="postedby"> Published in </div> <div class="single-category"><ul class="post-categories"> <li><a href="https://www.sci.news/news/astronomy" >Astronomy</a></li></ul></div> <div class="postedby2"> <div class="postedby"> Tagged as </div></div> <div class="single-tags"> <a href="https://www.sci.news/tag/giant-star" rel="tag">Giant star</a><a href="https://www.sci.news/tag/hd-12545" rel="tag">HD 12545</a><a href="https://www.sci.news/tag/star" rel="tag">Star</a><a href="https://www.sci.news/tag/starspot" rel="tag">Starspot</a><a href="https://www.sci.news/tag/xx-trianguli" rel="tag">XX Trianguli</a></div> <div class="postedby3"></div> <div class="postedby3"></div> <div class="single-related"> <div class="postedby">You Might Like </div> <div class="related"> <div class="relatedpost"> <a href="https://www.sci.news/astronomy/webb-hubble-tension-13502.html"><img width="104" height="75" src="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2018/06/image_6061f-Electric-Dark-Matter-104x75.jpg" class="attachment-secondpostimg size-secondpostimg wp-post-image" alt="This artist’s impression shows the evolution of the Universe beginning with the Big Bang on the left followed by the appearance of the Cosmic Microwave Background. 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Zamani, NSF NOIRLab." loading="lazy" srcset="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/12/image_13491-Messier-83-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/12/image_13491-Messier-83-150x150.jpg 150w" sizes="(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px" /></a></div> <div class="block-image-r"> <h2><a href='https://www.sci.news/astronomy/dark-energy-camera-image-messier-83-13491.html' title='Dark Energy Camera Captures Stunning New Image of Messier 83'>Dark Energy Camera Captures Stunning New Image of Messier 83</a></h2><span class="block-meta">Dec 9, 2024 | Astronomy</span> </div> </div> <div class="block-item-small"> <div class="block-image"><a href="https://www.sci.news/space/venus-habitability-13490.html" title="Venus Has Never Been Habitable, New Study Suggests"><img width="50" height="50" src="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2020/09/image_8904f-Venus-50x50.jpg" class="attachment-sidebar-thumb size-sidebar-thumb wp-post-image" alt="This composite image, taken by JAXA’s Akatsuki spacecraft, shows Venus. Image credit: JAXA / ISAS / DARTS / Damia Bouic." loading="lazy" srcset="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2020/09/image_8904f-Venus-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.sci.news/images/2020/09/image_8904f-Venus-150x150.jpg 150w" sizes="(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px" /></a></div> <div class="block-image-r"> <h2><a href='https://www.sci.news/space/venus-habitability-13490.html' title='Venus Has Never Been Habitable, New Study Suggests'>Venus Has Never Been Habitable, New Study Suggests</a></h2><span class="block-meta">Dec 9, 2024 | Astrobiology</span> </div> </div> <div class="block-item-small"> <div class="block-image"><a href="https://www.sci.news/astronomy/hubble-image-ngc-5643-13489.html" title="Hubble Space Telescope Revisits NGC 5643"><img width="50" height="50" src="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/12/image_13489-NGC-5643-50x50.jpg" class="attachment-sidebar-thumb size-sidebar-thumb wp-post-image" alt="This Hubble image shows NGC 5643, a grand design spiral some 55 million light-years away in the constellation of Lupus. Image credit: NASA / ESA / Hubble / A. Riess / D. Thilker / D. De Martin, ESA & Hubble / M. Zamani, ESA & Hubble." loading="lazy" srcset="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/12/image_13489-NGC-5643-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/12/image_13489-NGC-5643-150x150.jpg 150w" sizes="(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px" /></a></div> <div class="block-image-r"> <h2><a href='https://www.sci.news/astronomy/hubble-image-ngc-5643-13489.html' title='Hubble Space Telescope Revisits NGC 5643'>Hubble Space Telescope Revisits NGC 5643</a></h2><span class="block-meta">Dec 9, 2024 | Astronomy</span> </div> </div> <div class="block-item-small"> <div class="block-image"><a href="https://www.sci.news/medicine/dark-chocolate-consumption-type-2-diabetes-risk-13488.html" title="Increased Consumption of Dark, But Not Milk, Chocolate Reduces Type 2 Diabetes Risk: Study"><img width="50" height="50" src="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/12/image_13488-Chocolate-50x50.jpg" class="attachment-sidebar-thumb size-sidebar-thumb wp-post-image" alt="Intake of dark chocolate instead of milk chocolate may be associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes. Image credit: Sci.News." loading="lazy" srcset="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/12/image_13488-Chocolate-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/12/image_13488-Chocolate-150x150.jpg 150w" sizes="(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px" /></a></div> <div class="block-image-r"> <h2><a href='https://www.sci.news/medicine/dark-chocolate-consumption-type-2-diabetes-risk-13488.html' title='Increased Consumption of Dark, But Not Milk, Chocolate Reduces Type 2 Diabetes Risk: Study'>Increased Consumption of Dark, But Not Milk, Chocolate Reduces Type 2 Diabetes Risk: Study</a></h2><span class="block-meta">Dec 6, 2024 | Medicine</span> </div> </div> <div class="block-item-small"> <div class="block-image"><a href="https://www.sci.news/othersciences/anthropology/homo-juluensis-13487.html" title="New Species of Archaic Human Proposed: Homo juluensis"><img width="50" height="50" src="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2019/09/image_7610f-Denisovan-50x50.jpg" class="attachment-sidebar-thumb size-sidebar-thumb wp-post-image" alt="A portrait of a juvenile female Denisovan based on a skeletal profile reconstructed from ancient DNA methylation maps. Image credit: Maayan Harel." loading="lazy" srcset="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2019/09/image_7610f-Denisovan-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.sci.news/images/2019/09/image_7610f-Denisovan-150x150.jpg 150w" sizes="(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px" /></a></div> <div class="block-image-r"> <h2><a href='https://www.sci.news/othersciences/anthropology/homo-juluensis-13487.html' title='New Species of Archaic Human Proposed: Homo juluensis'>New Species of Archaic Human Proposed: Homo juluensis</a></h2><span class="block-meta">Dec 6, 2024 | Anthropology</span> </div> </div> <div class="block-item-small"> <div class="block-image"><a href="https://www.sci.news/othersciences/psychology/emotional-intelligence-emojis-13486.html" title="Study: People with Higher Emotional Intelligence Use Emojis More Frequently"><img width="50" height="50" src="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/12/image_13486-Emoji-50x50.jpg" class="attachment-sidebar-thumb size-sidebar-thumb wp-post-image" alt="The frequency of emoji use varies across genders and relationship types. Image credit: Pete Linforth." loading="lazy" srcset="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/12/image_13486-Emoji-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/12/image_13486-Emoji-150x150.jpg 150w" sizes="(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px" /></a></div> <div class="block-image-r"> <h2><a href='https://www.sci.news/othersciences/psychology/emotional-intelligence-emojis-13486.html' title='Study: People with Higher Emotional Intelligence Use Emojis More Frequently'>Study: People with Higher Emotional Intelligence Use Emojis More Frequently</a></h2><span class="block-meta">Dec 5, 2024 | Communication Sciences</span> </div> </div> <div class="block-item-small"> <div class="block-image"><a href="https://www.sci.news/paleontology/fossilized-teeth-theropod-dinosaur-diversity-east-sussex-13485.html" title="Fossilized Teeth Highlight Theropod Dinosaur Diversity in Prehistoric East Sussex"><img width="50" height="50" src="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/12/image_13485_1-Bexhill-Theropods-50x50.jpg" class="attachment-sidebar-thumb size-sidebar-thumb wp-post-image" alt="An Early Cretaceous floodplain in southeastern England, 135 million years ago: a spinosaur (center) takes over the carcass of an ornithopod, much to the annoyance of the smaller tyrannosaurs (left) and dromaeosaurids (bottom right). Image credit: Anthony Hutchings." loading="lazy" srcset="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/12/image_13485_1-Bexhill-Theropods-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/12/image_13485_1-Bexhill-Theropods-150x150.jpg 150w" sizes="(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px" /></a></div> <div class="block-image-r"> <h2><a href='https://www.sci.news/paleontology/fossilized-teeth-theropod-dinosaur-diversity-east-sussex-13485.html' title='Fossilized Teeth Highlight Theropod Dinosaur Diversity in Prehistoric East Sussex'>Fossilized Teeth Highlight Theropod Dinosaur Diversity in Prehistoric East Sussex</a></h2><span class="block-meta">Dec 5, 2024 | Paleontology</span> </div> </div> <div class="block-item-small"> <div class="block-image"><a href="https://www.sci.news/othersciences/materials/self-assembling-electronics-13484.html" title="Researchers Demonstrate New Technique for Self-Assembling Electronics"><img width="50" height="50" src="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/12/image_13484-Self-Assembling-Electronics-50x50.jpg" class="attachment-sidebar-thumb size-sidebar-thumb wp-post-image" alt="Bottom-up nano- to micro-fabrication is crucial in modern electronics and optics. Conventional multi-scale array fabrication techniques, however, are facing challenges in reconciling the contradiction between the pursuit of better device performance and lowering the fabrication cost and/or energy consumption. Chang et al. introduce a facile mixed-metal array fabrication method based on guided self-assembly of polymerizing organometallic adducts derived from the passivating oxides of a ternary liquid metal to create mixed metal wires. Image credit: Julia Chang." loading="lazy" srcset="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/12/image_13484-Self-Assembling-Electronics-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/12/image_13484-Self-Assembling-Electronics-150x150.jpg 150w" sizes="(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px" /></a></div> <div class="block-image-r"> <h2><a href='https://www.sci.news/othersciences/materials/self-assembling-electronics-13484.html' title='Researchers Demonstrate New Technique for Self-Assembling Electronics'>Researchers Demonstrate New Technique for Self-Assembling Electronics</a></h2><span class="block-meta">Dec 5, 2024 | Computer Science</span> </div> </div> <div class="block-item-small"> <div class="block-image"><a href="https://www.sci.news/othersciences/anthropology/clovis-diet-13483.html" title="Clovis People’s Diet Mainly Included Mammoths and Other Large Mammals, New Study Says"><img width="50" height="50" src="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/12/image_13483f-Clovis-Mammoth-50x50.jpg" class="attachment-sidebar-thumb size-sidebar-thumb wp-post-image" alt="An artist’s reconstruction of Clovis life 13,000 years ago shows the Anzick-1 infant with his mother consuming mammoth meat near a hearth. Another individual crafts tools, including dart projectile points and atlatls. A mammoth butchery area is visible nearby. Image credit: Eric Carlson / Ben Potter / Jim Chatters." loading="lazy" srcset="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/12/image_13483f-Clovis-Mammoth-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/12/image_13483f-Clovis-Mammoth-150x150.jpg 150w" sizes="(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px" /></a></div> <div class="block-image-r"> <h2><a href='https://www.sci.news/othersciences/anthropology/clovis-diet-13483.html' title='Clovis People’s Diet Mainly Included Mammoths and Other Large Mammals, New Study Says'>Clovis People’s Diet Mainly Included Mammoths and Other Large Mammals, New Study Says</a></h2><span class="block-meta">Dec 4, 2024 | Anthropology</span> </div> </div> <div class="block-item-small"> <div class="block-image"><a href="https://www.sci.news/astronomy/67p-churyumov-gerasimenko-comet-water-13482.html" title="Study: Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko’s Water Has Similar Molecular Signature to Earth’s Water"><img width="50" height="50" src="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2015/02/image_2485-67P-Churyumov-Gerasimenko-50x50.jpg" class="attachment-sidebar-thumb size-sidebar-thumb wp-post-image" alt="This false-color four-image mosaic comprises images taken from a distance of 28.7 km from the center of Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko on 3 February 2015. The mosaic measures 4.2 x 4.6 km. Image credit: ESA / Rosetta / NAVCAM / CC BY-SA IGO 3.0." loading="lazy" srcset="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2015/02/image_2485-67P-Churyumov-Gerasimenko-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.sci.news/images/2015/02/image_2485-67P-Churyumov-Gerasimenko-150x150.jpg 150w, https://cdn.sci.news/images/2015/02/image_2485-67P-Churyumov-Gerasimenko.jpg 580w" sizes="(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px" /></a></div> <div class="block-image-r"> <h2><a href='https://www.sci.news/astronomy/67p-churyumov-gerasimenko-comet-water-13482.html' title='Study: Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko’s Water Has Similar Molecular Signature to Earth’s Water'>Study: Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko’s Water Has Similar Molecular Signature to Earth’s Water</a></h2><span class="block-meta">Dec 4, 2024 | Astronomy</span> </div> </div> <div class="block-item-small"> <div class="block-image"><a href="https://www.sci.news/genetics/plant-gene-photosynthesis-productivity-13481.html" title="Newly-Discovered Gene Enhances Photosynthetic Efficiency and Plant Productivity"><img width="50" height="50" src="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/12/image_13481-BOOSTER-50x50.jpg" class="attachment-sidebar-thumb size-sidebar-thumb wp-post-image" alt="Transgenic hybrid poplar with increased expression levels of BSTR enhanced photosynthesis efficiency and biomass under greenhouse conditions. Image credit: Feyissa et al., doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.11.002." loading="lazy" srcset="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/12/image_13481-BOOSTER-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/12/image_13481-BOOSTER-150x150.jpg 150w" sizes="(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px" /></a></div> <div class="block-image-r"> <h2><a href='https://www.sci.news/genetics/plant-gene-photosynthesis-productivity-13481.html' title='Newly-Discovered Gene Enhances Photosynthetic Efficiency and Plant Productivity'>Newly-Discovered Gene Enhances Photosynthetic Efficiency and Plant Productivity</a></h2><span class="block-meta">Dec 4, 2024 | Biology</span> </div> </div> <div class="block-item-small"> <div class="block-image"><a href="https://www.sci.news/astronomy/giant-star-starspots-13480.html" title="Astronomers Observe Starspots on Surface of Giant Star"><img width="50" height="50" src="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/12/image_13480-XX-Trianguli-50x50.jpg" class="attachment-sidebar-thumb size-sidebar-thumb wp-post-image" alt="Starspots on the surface of XX Trianguli. Image credit: HUN-REN RCAES / Zs. Kővári, MOME / Á. Radványi, AIP / K. Strassmeier." loading="lazy" srcset="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/12/image_13480-XX-Trianguli-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/12/image_13480-XX-Trianguli-150x150.jpg 150w" sizes="(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px" /></a></div> <div class="block-image-r"> <h2><a href='https://www.sci.news/astronomy/giant-star-starspots-13480.html' title='Astronomers Observe Starspots on Surface of Giant Star'>Astronomers Observe Starspots on Surface of Giant Star</a></h2><span class="block-meta">Dec 4, 2024 | Astronomy</span> </div> </div> <div class="block-item-small"> <div class="block-image"><a href="https://www.sci.news/othersciences/robotics/diffractive-robots-13479.html" title="Researchers Create Smallest Walking Robot Yet"><img width="50" height="50" src="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/12/image_13479-Diffractive-Robot-50x50.jpg" class="attachment-sidebar-thumb size-sidebar-thumb wp-post-image" alt="A diffractive robot. Image credit: Smart et al., doi: 10.1126/science.adr2177." loading="lazy" srcset="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/12/image_13479-Diffractive-Robot-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/12/image_13479-Diffractive-Robot-150x150.jpg 150w" sizes="(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px" /></a></div> <div class="block-image-r"> <h2><a href='https://www.sci.news/othersciences/robotics/diffractive-robots-13479.html' title='Researchers Create Smallest Walking Robot Yet'>Researchers Create Smallest Walking Robot Yet</a></h2><span class="block-meta">Dec 4, 2024 | Materials Science</span> </div> </div> <div class="block-item-small"> <div class="block-image"><a href="https://www.sci.news/archaeology/neanderthal-hearth-structure-13478.html" title="65,000-Year-Old Neanderthal Hearth Structure Discovered in Gibraltar"><img width="50" height="50" src="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/12/image_13478-Neanderthal-Hearth-50x50.jpg" class="attachment-sidebar-thumb size-sidebar-thumb wp-post-image" alt="The Neanderthal hearth structure could have been made following these steps. Image credit: Ochando et al., doi: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.109025." loading="lazy" srcset="https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/12/image_13478-Neanderthal-Hearth-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.sci.news/images/2024/12/image_13478-Neanderthal-Hearth-150x150.jpg 150w" sizes="(max-width: 50px) 100vw, 50px" /></a></div> <div class="block-image-r"> <h2><a href='https://www.sci.news/archaeology/neanderthal-hearth-structure-13478.html' title='65,000-Year-Old Neanderthal Hearth Structure Discovered in Gibraltar'>65,000-Year-Old Neanderthal Hearth Structure Discovered in Gibraltar</a></h2><span class="block-meta">Dec 3, 2024 | Archaeology</span> </div> </div> </div>  </div></aside><div class="adspace-widget widget"> <div class="postedby"></div> <br/></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="cb"></div> </div></div></div> </section> <footer class="footer"> <div class="footer-holder"> <div class="container"> <div class="topsearch-wrapper2"> <form method="get" id="footersearch1" action="https://www.sci.news/"> <input type="text" name="s" value=" " onblur="if(this.value=='') this.value=' ';" onfocus="if(this.value==' ') this.value='';" id="s2" /> <input type="submit" value=" " id="searchsubmit" /> </form> </div> <nav class="nav"> <div id="fotnav" class="ddsmoothmenu1"><ul id="menu-menu-4" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-9173" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-home menu-item-9173"><a href="https://www.sci.news">Home</a></li> <li id="menu-item-9174" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9174"><a href="https://www.sci.news/about-us">About Us</a></li> <li id="menu-item-9175" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9175"><a href="https://www.sci.news/archive">News Archive</a></li> <li id="menu-item-9176" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9176"><a href="https://www.sci.news/copyright">Copyright</a></li> <li id="menu-item-9177" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9177"><a href="https://www.sci.news/privacy-policy">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-9179" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-9179"><a href="https://www.sci.news/feed">RSS</a></li> <li id="menu-item-9180" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-9180"><a href="https://www.sci.news/contact">Contact Us</a></li> </ul></div> </nav> <div class="cb"></div> </div> </div> </footer> <div class="footer"> <div class="footer2-wrapper"> <div class="footer2-area"> <div id="footerwrapper1"> <div class="box-hold footerwrapper"> <div class="box footer1"> <div class="cb"></div> </div> <div class="box footer2"> <div class="cb"></div> </div> <div class="box footer3"> <div class="cb"></div> </div> <div class="box footer4"> <div class="cb"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer"> <div class="copy"> <div id="bottomfooter"> <div class="site-footer"> © 2011-2024. 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