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2024</h1> <div class="u-mb-32" data-promo-text data-promo-text-threshold="650"> <p>Our annual look at the world’s leading cities for research output in Nature Index journals shows China’s major urban centres are moving from strength to strength, but they are now also being joined by smaller provincial Chinese cities at the top of the rankings. The supplement also considers the first results on leading cities for health sciences.</p> </div> </div> <div class="l-with-sidebar__sidebar u-mb-24" style="--with-sidebar--basis: 450px"> <img src="https://media.springernature.com/w580h326/nature-cms/uploads/collections/2024_Sci_Cities_HERO-e3e29239cdab5094ebf18a8c85a52714.jpg" alt="Aerial view of buildings in the top half of the image, and solar panels in the bottom half."> </div> </div> </div> <div class="u-container"> <div class="app-sponsor u-mb-32"> <ul class="app-sponsor__list" data-test="sponsor-list"> <li> <p class="app-sponsor__text u-mb-8">Produced with support from:</p> <span> <img src="//media.nature.com/lw300/nature-cms/uploads/cms/pages/29749/sponsor_logo_1/Option_2_new-1ac2d2ac74028c313027898b6bcc68ff-70c0cd7cbcdd355452944f87841e6f12.png" class="app-sponsor__image" alt="BMSTC"> </span> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <section class="u-container u-mb-48" data-track-component="collection article grid" aria-labelledby="Featuresandcomment"> <h2 id="Featuresandcomment" class="c-section-heading">Features and comment</h2> <ul class="c-list-group c-list-group--lg c-list-group--bordered c-list-group--flush app-article-list-row"> <li class="app-article-list-row__item"> <article class="u-full-height c-card c-card--flush" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"> <div class="c-card__layout u-full-height"> <div class="c-card__image"> <picture> <source type="image/webp" srcset=" https://media.springernature.com/w165h90/magazine-assets/d41586-024-03521-z/d41586-024-03521-z_27711992.jpg?as=webp 160w, https://media.springernature.com/w290h158/magazine-assets/d41586-024-03521-z/d41586-024-03521-z_27711992.jpg?as=webp 290w" sizes=" (max-width: 640px) 160px, (max-width: 1200px) 290px, 290px"> <img src="https://media.springernature.com/w290h158/magazine-assets/d41586-024-03521-z/d41586-024-03521-z_27711992.jpg" alt="" itemprop="image"> </picture> </div> <div class="c-card__body u-display-flex u-flex-direction-column"> <h3 class="c-card__title" itemprop="name headline"> <a href="/articles/d41586-024-03521-z" class="u-link-inherit" itemprop="url" data-track="click" data-track-action="view article" data-track-label="link">Half of the top 20 science cities are now in China — and regional city growth is the key</a> </h3> <div data-test="article-description" class="c-card__summary u-mb-16 u-hide-sm-max" itemprop="description"> <p>The country’s research progress means its cities might lead in all Nature Index subjects within a decade.</p> </div> <ul data-test="author-list" class="c-author-list c-author-list--compact"> <li itemprop="creator" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"><span itemprop="name">Simon Baker</span></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="c-card__section c-meta"> <span class="c-meta__item c-meta__item--block-at-lg" data-test="article.type"><span class="c-meta__type">Nature Index</span></span><time class="c-meta__item c-meta__item--block-at-lg" datetime="2024-11-20" itemprop="datePublished">20 Nov 2024</time> <span class="c-meta__item c-meta__item--block-at-lg"><a href="/nature" data-track="click" data-track-action="clicked journal" data-track-label="link">Nature</a></span> </div> </article> </li> <li class="app-article-list-row__item"> <article class="u-full-height c-card c-card--flush" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"> <div class="c-card__layout u-full-height"> <div class="c-card__image"> <picture> <source type="image/webp" srcset=" https://media.springernature.com/w165h90/magazine-assets/d41586-024-03522-y/d41586-024-03522-y_27712004.jpg?as=webp 160w, https://media.springernature.com/w290h158/magazine-assets/d41586-024-03522-y/d41586-024-03522-y_27712004.jpg?as=webp 290w" sizes=" (max-width: 640px) 160px, (max-width: 1200px) 290px, 290px"> <img src="https://media.springernature.com/w290h158/magazine-assets/d41586-024-03522-y/d41586-024-03522-y_27712004.jpg" alt="" itemprop="image"> </picture> </div> <div class="c-card__body u-display-flex u-flex-direction-column"> <h3 class="c-card__title" itemprop="name headline"> <a href="/articles/d41586-024-03522-y" class="u-link-inherit" itemprop="url" data-track="click" data-track-action="view article" data-track-label="link">How ‘Made in China 2025’ helped supercharge scientific development in China’s cities</a> </h3> <div data-test="article-description" class="c-card__summary u-mb-16 u-hide-sm-max" itemprop="description"> <p>The policy has boosted tech transfer and economic growth in some regions, but challenges remain around innovation in key technologies.</p> </div> <ul data-test="author-list" class="c-author-list c-author-list--compact"> <li itemprop="creator" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"><span itemprop="name">Gemma Conroy</span></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="c-card__section c-meta"> <span class="c-meta__item c-meta__item--block-at-lg" data-test="article.type"><span class="c-meta__type">Nature Index</span></span><time class="c-meta__item c-meta__item--block-at-lg" datetime="2024-11-20" itemprop="datePublished">20 Nov 2024</time> <span class="c-meta__item c-meta__item--block-at-lg"><a href="/nature" data-track="click" data-track-action="clicked journal" data-track-label="link">Nature</a></span> </div> </article> </li> <li class="app-article-list-row__item"> <article class="u-full-height c-card c-card--flush" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"> <div class="c-card__layout u-full-height"> <div class="c-card__image"> <picture> <source type="image/webp" srcset=" https://media.springernature.com/w165h90/magazine-assets/d41586-024-03523-x/d41586-024-03523-x_27716806.jpg?as=webp 160w, https://media.springernature.com/w290h158/magazine-assets/d41586-024-03523-x/d41586-024-03523-x_27716806.jpg?as=webp 290w" sizes=" (max-width: 640px) 160px, (max-width: 1200px) 290px, 290px"> <img src="https://media.springernature.com/w290h158/magazine-assets/d41586-024-03523-x/d41586-024-03523-x_27716806.jpg" alt="" itemprop="image"> </picture> </div> <div class="c-card__body u-display-flex u-flex-direction-column"> <h3 class="c-card__title" itemprop="name headline"> <a href="/articles/d41586-024-03523-x" class="u-link-inherit" itemprop="url" data-track="click" data-track-action="view article" data-track-label="link">China’s regional cities are now major players in world science</a> </h3> <div data-test="article-description" class="c-card__summary u-mb-16 u-hide-sm-max" itemprop="description"> <p>Provincial capitals such as Hefei are outscoring some established science cities in the Nature Index — here’s why.</p> </div> <ul data-test="author-list" class="c-author-list c-author-list--compact"> <li itemprop="creator" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"><span itemprop="name">Jacob Dreyer</span></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="c-card__section c-meta"> <span class="c-meta__item c-meta__item--block-at-lg" data-test="article.type"><span class="c-meta__type">Nature Index</span></span><time class="c-meta__item c-meta__item--block-at-lg" datetime="2024-11-20" itemprop="datePublished">20 Nov 2024</time> <span class="c-meta__item c-meta__item--block-at-lg"><a href="/nature" data-track="click" data-track-action="clicked journal" data-track-label="link">Nature</a></span> </div> </article> </li> <li class="app-article-list-row__item"> <article class="u-full-height c-card c-card--flush" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"> <div class="c-card__layout u-full-height"> <div class="c-card__image"> <picture> <source type="image/webp" srcset=" https://media.springernature.com/w165h90/magazine-assets/d41586-024-03524-w/d41586-024-03524-w_27716800.jpg?as=webp 160w, https://media.springernature.com/w290h158/magazine-assets/d41586-024-03524-w/d41586-024-03524-w_27716800.jpg?as=webp 290w" sizes=" (max-width: 640px) 160px, (max-width: 1200px) 290px, 290px"> <img src="https://media.springernature.com/w290h158/magazine-assets/d41586-024-03524-w/d41586-024-03524-w_27716800.jpg" alt="" itemprop="image"> </picture> </div> <div class="c-card__body u-display-flex u-flex-direction-column"> <h3 class="c-card__title" itemprop="name headline"> <a href="/articles/d41586-024-03524-w" class="u-link-inherit" itemprop="url" data-track="click" data-track-action="view article" data-track-label="link">Leading Nature Index science cities in chemistry: China positions for clean sweep</a> </h3> <div data-test="article-description" class="c-card__summary u-mb-16 u-hide-sm-max" itemprop="description"> <p>Although Beijing has solidified its top spot in the standings, the country’s regional cities are ones to watch.</p> </div> <ul data-test="author-list" class="c-author-list c-author-list--compact"> <li itemprop="creator" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"><span itemprop="name">Alexia Austin</span></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div 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players outperform US cities in year-on-year growth.</p> </div> <ul data-test="author-list" class="c-author-list c-author-list--compact"> <li itemprop="creator" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"><span itemprop="name">Alexia Austin</span></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="c-card__section c-meta"> <span class="c-meta__item c-meta__item--block-at-lg" data-test="article.type"><span class="c-meta__type">Nature Index</span></span><time class="c-meta__item c-meta__item--block-at-lg" datetime="2024-11-20" itemprop="datePublished">20 Nov 2024</time> <span class="c-meta__item c-meta__item--block-at-lg"><a href="/nature" data-track="click" data-track-action="clicked journal" data-track-label="link">Nature</a></span> </div> </article> </li> <li class="app-article-list-row__item"> <article class="u-full-height c-card c-card--flush" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"> <div class="c-card__layout u-full-height"> <div class="c-card__image"> <picture> <source 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cities make their mark while the United States extends its lead.</p> </div> <ul data-test="author-list" class="c-author-list c-author-list--compact"> <li itemprop="creator" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"><span itemprop="name">Alexia Austin</span></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="c-card__section c-meta"> <span class="c-meta__item c-meta__item--block-at-lg" data-test="article.type"><span class="c-meta__type">Nature Index</span></span><time class="c-meta__item c-meta__item--block-at-lg" datetime="2024-11-20" itemprop="datePublished">20 Nov 2024</time> <span class="c-meta__item c-meta__item--block-at-lg"><a href="/nature" data-track="click" data-track-action="clicked journal" data-track-label="link">Nature</a></span> </div> </article> </li> <li class="app-article-list-row__item"> <article class="u-full-height c-card c-card--flush" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"> <div class="c-card__layout u-full-height"> <div class="c-card__image"> <picture> 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quickly rising, thanks to significant government investment and targeted legislation.</p> </div> <ul data-test="author-list" class="c-author-list c-author-list--compact"> <li itemprop="creator" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"><span itemprop="name">Rachel Nuwer</span></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="c-card__section c-meta"> <span class="c-meta__item c-meta__item--block-at-lg" data-test="article.type"><span class="c-meta__type">Nature Index</span></span><time class="c-meta__item c-meta__item--block-at-lg" datetime="2024-11-20" itemprop="datePublished">20 Nov 2024</time> <span class="c-meta__item c-meta__item--block-at-lg"><a href="/nature" data-track="click" data-track-action="clicked journal" data-track-label="link">Nature</a></span> </div> </article> </li> <li class="app-article-list-row__item"> <article class="u-full-height c-card c-card--flush" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"> <div class="c-card__layout u-full-height"> <div 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