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<div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.4</span> <span>Ramsgate Conference, 1847</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ramsgate_Conference,_1847-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-After_Ramsgate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#After_Ramsgate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.5</span> <span>After Ramsgate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-After_Ramsgate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-London_Food_Reform_Society" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#London_Food_Reform_Society"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.6</span> <span>London Food Reform Society</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-London_Food_Reform_Society-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dietary_policy_debates_and_growth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dietary_policy_debates_and_growth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.7</span> <span>Dietary policy debates and growth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dietary_policy_debates_and_growth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manchester_and_London_Vegetarian_Societies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manchester_and_London_Vegetarian_Societies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.8</span> <span>Manchester and London Vegetarian Societies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manchester_and_London_Vegetarian_Societies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Founding_of_The_Vegan_Society" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Founding_of_The_Vegan_Society"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Founding of The Vegan Society</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Founding_of_The_Vegan_Society-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reunification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reunification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Reunification</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reunification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Advocacy_efforts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Advocacy_efforts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3</span> <span>Advocacy efforts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Advocacy_efforts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>21st century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Publications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Publications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Presidents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Presidents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presidents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Patrons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Patrons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Patrons</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Patrons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc 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data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cymdeithas_y_Llysieuwyr" title="Cymdeithas y Llysieuwyr – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cymdeithas y Llysieuwyr" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetarian_Society" title="Vegetarian Society – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vegetarian Society" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C" title="शाकाहारी समाज – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="शाकाहारी समाज" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetarian_Society" title="Vegetarian Society – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Vegetarian Society" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80" title="व्हेजिटेरियन सोसायटी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="व्हेजिटेरियन सोसायटी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetarian_Society" title="Vegetarian Society – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vegetarian Society" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Вегетарианское общество – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вегетарианское общество" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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searchaux" style="display:none">British registered charity established in 1847</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the UK Vegetarian Society. Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_Society_(Singapore)" title="Vegetarian Society (Singapore)">Vegetarian Society (Singapore)</a> or <a href="/wiki/List_of_vegetarian_organizations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of vegetarian organizations">List of vegetarian organizations</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Vegetarian Society</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div>Vegetarian Society of the United Kingdom</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Vegetarian_Society_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Vegetarian_Society_logo.svg/220px-Vegetarian_Society_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Vegetarian_Society_logo.svg/330px-Vegetarian_Society_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Vegetarian_Society_logo.svg/440px-Vegetarian_Society_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="159" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:NorthwoodVillaInterior.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/NorthwoodVillaInterior.jpg/220px-NorthwoodVillaInterior.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/NorthwoodVillaInterior.jpg/330px-NorthwoodVillaInterior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/NorthwoodVillaInterior.jpg/440px-NorthwoodVillaInterior.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1422" data-file-height="1032" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Interior of Northwood Villa, where the Society was founded in 1847</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">VSUK</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data note">30 September 1847<span class="noprint">; 177 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1847-09-30</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Founded at</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ramsgate" title="Ramsgate">Ramsgate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a>, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Merger of</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>London Vegetarian Society</li> <li>Manchester Vegetarian Society</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charitable_organization" title="Charitable organization">Charity</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Registration no.</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/charity-search/-/charity-details/259358/charity-overview">259358</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Legal status</th><td class="infobox-data">Charity</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Focus</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism" title="Vegetarianism">Vegetarianism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a>, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Region </div></th><td class="infobox-data">United Kingdom</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Membership <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(2023)</span> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">6,500<sup id="cite_ref-VegetarianSocietyAnnualReport_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VegetarianSocietyAnnualReport-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">CEO</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Richard McIlwain<sup id="cite_ref-Whelan2024_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whelan2024-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Main organ</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>The Pod</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Revenue <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(2023)</span> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">£1,081,545<sup id="cite_ref-CharityCommission_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CharityCommission-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Expenses <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(2023)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">£1,426,451<sup id="cite_ref-CharityCommission_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CharityCommission-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Staff</th><td class="infobox-data">18<sup id="cite_ref-CharityCommission_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CharityCommission-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (in 2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vegsoc.org/">vegsoc<wbr />.org</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Vegetarian Society of the United Kingdom</b> (<b>VSUK</b>) is a British <a href="/wiki/Registered_charity_in_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Registered charity in England">registered charity</a>. It campaigns for dietary changes, licenses Vegetarian Society Approved trademarks for <a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism" title="Vegetarianism">vegetarian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Veganism" title="Veganism">vegan</a> products, runs a cookery school and lottery, and organises National Vegetarian Week in the UK. </p><p>In the 19th century, various groups in Britain promoted meat-free diets, leading to the formation of the Vegetarian Society in 1847, which later split into the Manchester and London Vegetarian Societies in 1888 before reuniting in 1969, registering as a charity, and continued advocating for vegetarianism through public education and influencing food producers. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Focus_areas_and_activities">Focus areas and activities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vegetarian_Society&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Focus areas and activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Vegetarian Society Approved</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Vegetarian_Society_approved_logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d6/Vegetarian_Society_approved_logo.png/220px-Vegetarian_Society_approved_logo.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d6/Vegetarian_Society_approved_logo.png/330px-Vegetarian_Society_approved_logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d6/Vegetarian_Society_approved_logo.png/440px-Vegetarian_Society_approved_logo.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="107" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Effective region</th><td class="infobox-data">Global</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Effective since</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>1969<span class="noprint">; 55 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1969</span>)</span> (vegetarian)</li> <li>2017<span class="noprint">; 7 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2017</span>)</span> (vegan)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vegsoc.org/trademarks/">vegsoc.org/trademarks</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Vegetarian Society campaigns to encourage dietary changes, reduce meat consumption, and assist policymakers in developing a more compassionate food system.<sup id="cite_ref-VegetarianSocietyAnnualReport_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VegetarianSocietyAnnualReport-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1969, the Society introduced the Vegetarian Society Approved trademark.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It launched a Vegetarian Society Approved vegan trademark in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The trademarks are licensed to companies to display on products which contain only vegetarian or vegan ingredients, and also that nothing non-vegetarian or non-vegan was used during the production process. These trademarks can be seen on products in shops and supermarkets and also on dishes in restaurants.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2022 <a href="/wiki/McDonald%27s" title="McDonald's">McDonald's</a> launched their <a href="/wiki/McPlant" title="McPlant">McPlant</a> burger across the UK which is accredited with the Vegetarian Society Approved vegan trademark.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>National Vegetarian Week is the charity's flagship event.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It started in 1992 as a single day and was expanded into a full week.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Vegetarian Society Cookery School runs leisure classes in vegetarian and vegan cooking. It collaborates with various charities and community groups to provide tailored cookery courses. The school offers training for professional chefs and individuals seeking new careers in the food sector through its Professional Chef's Diploma program.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vegetarian_Society&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_century">19th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vegetarian_Society&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 19th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 19th century a number of groups in Britain actively promoted and followed meat-free diets. Key groups involved in the formation of the Vegetarian Society were members of the <a href="/wiki/Bible_Christian_Church_(vegetarian)" title="Bible Christian Church (vegetarian)">Bible Christian Church</a>, supporters of the <a href="/wiki/Alcott_House" title="Alcott House">Concordium</a>, and readers of the <i>Truth-Tester</i> journal.<sup id="cite_ref-ivuvs_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ivuvs-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bible_Christian_Church">Bible Christian Church</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vegetarian_Society&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Bible Christian Church"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Bible Christian Church was founded in 1809 in <a href="/wiki/Salford,_Greater_Manchester" class="mw-redirect" title="Salford, Greater Manchester">Salford</a> by Reverend <a href="/wiki/William_Cowherd" title="William Cowherd">William Cowherd</a> after a split from the <a href="/wiki/The_New_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="The New Church">Swedenborgians</a>. One distinctive feature of the Bible Christians was a belief in a meat-free diet, or <a href="/wiki/Ovo-lacto_vegetarianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Ovo-lacto vegetarianism">ovo-lacto vegetarianism</a>, as a form of <a href="/wiki/Temperance_(virtue)" title="Temperance (virtue)">temperance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-thesis_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thesis-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Concordium_(Alcott_House)"><span id="Concordium_.28Alcott_House.29"></span>Concordium (Alcott House)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vegetarian_Society&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Concordium (Alcott House)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Concordium was a boarding school near London on <a href="/wiki/Ham,_London" title="Ham, London">Ham Common</a>, Richmond, Surrey, which opened in 1838. Pupils at the school followed a diet completely free of <a href="/wiki/Animal_product" title="Animal product">animal products</a>, known today as a <a href="/wiki/Veganism" title="Veganism">vegan diet</a>. The Concordium was also called Alcott House, in honour of American education and food reform advocate <a href="/wiki/Amos_Bronson_Alcott" title="Amos Bronson Alcott">Amos Bronson Alcott</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ivuvs_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ivuvs-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Truth-Tester_and_Physiological_Conference,_1847"><span id="Truth-Tester_and_Physiological_Conference.2C_1847"></span><i>Truth-Tester</i> and Physiological Conference, 1847</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vegetarian_Society&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Truth-Tester and Physiological Conference, 1847"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>Truth-Tester</i> was a journal which published material supporting the <a href="/wiki/Temperance_movement" title="Temperance movement">temperance movement</a>. In 1846 the editorship was taken over by <a href="/wiki/William_Horsell" title="William Horsell">William Horsell</a>, operator of the Northwood Villa Hydropathic Institute in <a href="/wiki/Ramsgate" title="Ramsgate">Ramsgate</a>. Horsell gradually steered the <i>Truth-Tester</i> towards promotion of the "Vegetable Diet". In early 1847 a letter to the <i>Truth-Tester</i> proposed the formation of a Vegetarian Society. In response to this letter, William Oldham held what he called a "physiological conference" in July 1847 at the Concordium. Up to 130 attended, including Bible Christian <a href="/wiki/James_Simpson_(Bible_Christian)" title="James Simpson (Bible Christian)">James Simpson</a>, who presented a speech. The conference passed a number of resolutions, including a resolution to reconvene at the end of September.<sup id="cite_ref-ivuvs_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ivuvs-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ramsgate_Conference,_1847"><span id="Ramsgate_Conference.2C_1847"></span>Ramsgate Conference, 1847</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vegetarian_Society&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Ramsgate Conference, 1847"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Northwood_Villa,_Ramsgate.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Northwood_Villa%2C_Ramsgate.png/220px-Northwood_Villa%2C_Ramsgate.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Northwood_Villa%2C_Ramsgate.png/330px-Northwood_Villa%2C_Ramsgate.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Northwood_Villa%2C_Ramsgate.png/440px-Northwood_Villa%2C_Ramsgate.png 2x" data-file-width="2198" data-file-height="1588" /></a><figcaption>Northwood Villa; the site of the 1847 Ramsgate conference</figcaption></figure> <p>On 30 September 1847 the meeting which had been planned at the Physiological Conference took place at Northwood Villa Hydropathic Institute in <a href="/wiki/Ramsgate" title="Ramsgate">Ramsgate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-vseh_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vseh-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Brotherton" title="Joseph Brotherton">Joseph Brotherton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament">MP</a> for <a href="/wiki/Salford_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Salford (UK Parliament constituency)">Salford</a>, and a Bible Christian chaired. James Simpson was elected president of the society, Concordist William Oldham elected treasurer, and <i>Truth-Tester</i> editor William Horsell elected secretary.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name "Vegetarian Society" was chosen for the new organisation by a unanimous vote.<sup id="cite_ref-vseh_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vseh-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="After_Ramsgate">After Ramsgate</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vegetarian_Society&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: After Ramsgate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Vegetarian Society's first full public meeting was held in <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a> the following year, attracting 265 members aged 14 to 76, with 232 attending the dinner following the meeting.<sup id="cite_ref-vseh_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vseh-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1853 it already had 889 members.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1849, London's vegetarians gathered and resolved to enhance the spread of vegetarianism in the capital. Consequently, in September 1849, they launched <i>The Vegetarian Messenger</i>, a journal that distributed almost 5,000 copies monthly at a cost of one penny each.<sup id="cite_ref-vseh_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vseh-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The society made available publications on the topic sometimes accompanied by lectures.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the deaths of Simpson, Brotherton, and their American colleague Alcott, the vegetarian movement experienced a sharp decline. Membership numbers fell significantly during the 1860s and 1870s, with only 125 members remaining by 1870.<sup id="cite_ref-Spencer_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spencer-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="London_Food_Reform_Society">London Food Reform Society</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vegetarian_Society&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: London Food Reform Society"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leading_members_of_the_Vegetarian_Society.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Leading_members_of_the_Vegetarian_Society.png/220px-Leading_members_of_the_Vegetarian_Society.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Leading_members_of_the_Vegetarian_Society.png/330px-Leading_members_of_the_Vegetarian_Society.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Leading_members_of_the_Vegetarian_Society.png/440px-Leading_members_of_the_Vegetarian_Society.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Francis_William_Newman" title="Francis William Newman">Francis William Newman</a> (1805–1897), <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Pitman" title="Isaac Pitman">Isaac Pitman</a> (1813–1897), <a href="/wiki/William_Gibson_Ward" class="mw-redirect" title="William Gibson Ward">William Gibson Ward</a> (1819–1882), and <a href="/wiki/John_Davie_(activist)" title="John Davie (activist)">John Davie</a> (1800–1891), leading members of the Vegetarian Society</figcaption></figure> <p>The London Food Reform Society, founded in 1875 with the help of Martin Nunn, an advocate of cooperation and industrial reform, held free bi-monthly lectures and debates at Franklin Hall, attracting increasing audiences due to support from eager young men and notable food reformers.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Society's Food Reform Magazine subtly criticised the Vegetarian Society in Manchester for not being supportive enough. While Manchester believed its organisation was sufficient, London vegetarians, often new converts, disagreed and considered relocating the national offices to London. Debates in 1882 and 1883 on expanding to a national scope faced criticism due to potential hostility and funding issues. The Society briefly renamed itself the National Food Reform Society until October 1885 when the Vegetarian Society paid its debts and made it an auxiliary in London. This led to the loss of the Food Reform Society's subscription list interest, office closure, and establishment of an independent auxiliary.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/W._J._Monk" title="W. J. Monk">W. J. Monk</a> was its president.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Vegetarian Society's London Auxiliary became an independent body under the name London Vegetarian Society in 1888.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Dietary_policy_debates_and_growth">Dietary policy debates and growth</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vegetarian_Society&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Dietary policy debates and growth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:London_Vegetarian_Society_1891.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/London_Vegetarian_Society_1891.png/220px-London_Vegetarian_Society_1891.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/London_Vegetarian_Society_1891.png/330px-London_Vegetarian_Society_1891.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/London_Vegetarian_Society_1891.png/440px-London_Vegetarian_Society_1891.png 2x" data-file-width="861" data-file-height="652" /></a><figcaption>The London Vegetarian Society in 1891 featuring Mahatma Gandhi, <a href="/wiki/Josiah_Oldfield" title="Josiah Oldfield">Josiah Oldfield</a> and <a href="/wiki/May_Yates" class="mw-redirect" title="May Yates">May Yates</a></figcaption></figure> <p>From its founding, the Society was primarily influenced by members of the Bible Christian Church in Salford, who advocated for the inclusion of eggs, dairy products, and honey in their diet based on biblical teachings. They had no plans to reduce the consumption of these animal products. In contrast, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Stephens_Salt" title="Henry Stephens Salt">Henry Stephens Salt</a> argued in his 1885 work <i>A Plea for Vegetarianism</i> that the main goal of vegetarians should be to abolish flesh-meat while acknowledging that dairy and eggs were also unnecessary and could be eliminated in the future. Salt emphasised rejecting unhealthy, expensive, and unwholesome food rather than just animal products.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vegetarian_Society.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Vegetarian_Society.jpg/220px-Vegetarian_Society.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Vegetarian_Society.jpg/330px-Vegetarian_Society.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Vegetarian_Society.jpg/440px-Vegetarian_Society.jpg 2x" data-file-width="936" data-file-height="1227" /></a><figcaption>Presidents and vice-presidents of the Vegetarian Society in 1891</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Francis_William_Newman" title="Francis William Newman">Francis William Newman</a> served as president of the Vegetarian Society from 1873 to 1883.<sup id="cite_ref-Puskar-Pasewicz_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Puskar-Pasewicz-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He made an associate membership possible for people who were not completely vegetarian, such as those who ate <a href="/wiki/Chicken_as_food" title="Chicken as food">chicken</a> or <a href="/wiki/Fish_as_food" title="Fish as food">fish</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Spencer_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spencer-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Newman was critical of <a href="/wiki/Raw_foodism" title="Raw foodism">raw food</a> vegetarianism which he rejected as fanatical.<sup id="cite_ref-Spencer_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spencer-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He believed that abstinence from meat, fish and fowl should be the only thing the Society advocates and that it should not be associated with other reform ideas.<sup id="cite_ref-Spencer_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spencer-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hsin-Yi_2013_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hsin-Yi_2013-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was also against the abandonment of salt and seasonings.<sup id="cite_ref-Spencer_18-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spencer-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under Newman's presidency the Society flourished as income, associates and members increased.<sup id="cite_ref-Hsin-Yi_2013_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hsin-Yi_2013-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1875 to 1896 membership for the Society rose to 2,159 and associate membership 1,785.<sup id="cite_ref-Spencer_18-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spencer-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around 1897 its membership was about 5,000.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In regard to the associate membership, Newman commented:<sup id="cite_ref-Hsin-Yi_2013_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hsin-Yi_2013-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>It occurs to me to ask whether certain grades of profession might not be allowed within our Society, which would give to it far greater material support, enable it to circulate its literature, and at the same time retain the instructive spectacle of a select band of stricter feeders... Yet, as our Society is at present (1871) constituted, all those friendly are shut out... But if they entered as Associates in the lowest grade... they might be drawn on gradually, and would swell our funds, without which we can do nothing.</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Manchester_and_London_Vegetarian_Societies">Manchester and London Vegetarian Societies</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vegetarian_Society&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Manchester and London Vegetarian Societies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25em; border-width: 1px; font-size: 85%;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>If anybody said that I should die if I did not take beef tea or mutton, even on medical advice, I would prefer death. That is the basis of my vegetarianism. </p> </blockquote> <p style="padding-bottom: 0;"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">― <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a>, to the London Vegetarian Society on 20 November 1931<sup id="cite_ref-scroll1_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scroll1-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></p> </div> <p>Relations between the Society in Manchester and the London branch were strained due to differing definitions of vegetarianism<sup id="cite_ref-Puskar-Pasewicz_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Puskar-Pasewicz-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and conflicts over required approval of "advanced" literature by the Society.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1888, the London branch split, forming the London Vegetarian Society (LVS),<sup id="cite_ref-Spencer_18-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spencer-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also known as the London Vegetarian Association.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After this, the Vegetarian Society was often referred to as the Manchester Vegetarian Society (MVS).<sup id="cite_ref-Puskar-Pasewicz_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Puskar-Pasewicz-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first President of the LVS was raw food advocate <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Hills" title="Arnold Hills">Arnold Hills</a>, and other members included <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Allinson" title="Thomas Allinson">Thomas Allinson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Puskar-Pasewicz_23-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Puskar-Pasewicz-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Members of the LVS were considered more radical than the MVS.<sup id="cite_ref-Spencer_18-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spencer-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The newly independent society's ambitions were laid out in its journal, <i>The Vegetarian</i>, funded by Arnold Hills. Despite challenges, optimism prevailed with plans for a Charing Cross Vegetarian Hotel and Restaurant. Several branches existed, attracting new members in Oxford, Nottingham, Brighton, Guildford, and Reading. In 1889, the LVS and <i>Vegetarian</i> offices moved to the <a href="/wiki/Congregational_Memorial_Hall" title="Congregational Memorial Hall">Congregational Memorial Hall</a>, becoming a hub for reform activities.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The movement's growth led to specialist societies for children, athletes, and others, with vegetarian restaurants serving as meeting places. In 1889, the LVS created a national <a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_Federal_Union" title="Vegetarian Federal Union">Vegetarian Federal Union</a>, despite controversy from the MVS. By 1901, 21 societies had been established, coordinated from 1895 by the LVS.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_19-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vegetarian_Society&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vegetarian_Society_holiday_centre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Vegetarian_Society_holiday_centre.jpg/220px-Vegetarian_Society_holiday_centre.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Vegetarian_Society_holiday_centre.jpg/330px-Vegetarian_Society_holiday_centre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/Vegetarian_Society_holiday_centre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="345" data-file-height="188" /></a><figcaption>Vegetarian Society holiday centre in the 1920s</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1920, the MVS hosted a summer school at Arnold House, Llanddulas, attracting around 70 attendees each week. Both societies organised holidays and outings for vegetarians, with the MVS's May meetings remaining popular annual events well after <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>World War I was a challenging period for vegetarians; no allowance was made for vegetarians in the armed forces.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In World War II, the Committee of Vegetarian Interests was established, comprising members from the two Vegetarian Societies, health food manufacturers, and retailers, to negotiate with the Ministry of Food.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During WWII, the blockade of the UK lead to food shortages, and the government became intimately involved in the diet of the civilian population. <a href="/wiki/Rationing_in_the_United_Kingdom#Second_World_War_1939–1945" title="Rationing in the United Kingdom">Food was rationed</a>, with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ration_coupons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ration coupons (page does not exist)">ration coupons</a> becoming a second currency needed to buy all rationed goods.<sup id="cite_ref-veg_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-veg-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vegetarians were well-catered for. Anyone who registered as vegetarian with their local Food Office got special ration books. These had no meat ration; instead, there were more ration coupons for cheese, eggs, and nuts. There were about 100,000 people officially registered as vegetarians in the UK during WWII.<sup id="cite_ref-veg_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-veg-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meat rations during the war were very small (in order to increase the food supply; see <a href="/wiki/Trophic_level" title="Trophic level">trophic level</a>). Many meals had to be vegetarian, and the government promoted vegetarian recipes. The whole population ate much more cereals and vegetables, and much less meat. Many retained wartime eating habits after the war. There was also great public interest in nutrition and diets, and the effects of eating less meat.<sup id="cite_ref-veg_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-veg-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1950s saw a significant rise in the popularity of vegetarian cuisine. Walter Fleiss, who owned the well-known Vega restaurant near <a href="/wiki/Leicester_Square" title="Leicester Square">Leicester Square</a> in London, successfully lobbied for the inclusion of a vegetarian category in the Salon Culinaire Food Competition. Sponsored by the Society, this event and subsequent ones brought vegetarianism into mainstream awareness.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_28-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Founding_of_The_Vegan_Society">Founding of The Vegan Society</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vegetarian_Society&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Founding of The Vegan Society"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The inclusion of eggs and dairy in a vegetarian diet was a long-standing topic of debate within the Society. In 1944, <a href="/wiki/Donald_Watson" title="Donald Watson">Donald Watson</a>, a member of the LVS, suggested creating a separate group for those adhering to a dairy- and egg-free diet. This led to the establishment of <a href="/wiki/The_Vegan_Society" title="The Vegan Society">The Vegan Society</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Reunification">Reunification</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vegetarian_Society&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Reunification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 1950s and '60s, former rivalries were put aside as the MVS and LVS started working together, with many calling for unification. In 1958, their magazines combined to become <i>The British Vegetarian</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_28-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They reunited in 1969, forming the Vegetarian Society of the United Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-Puskar-Pasewicz_23-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Puskar-Pasewicz-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their headquarters were established at Parkdale, <a href="/wiki/Altrincham" title="Altrincham">Altrincham</a>, Greater Manchester.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The organisation became a <a href="/wiki/Registered_charity_in_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Registered charity in England">registered charity</a> in September of that year.<sup id="cite_ref-VegetarianSocietyAnnualReport_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VegetarianSocietyAnnualReport-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Advocacy_efforts">Advocacy efforts</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vegetarian_Society&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Advocacy efforts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 1950s, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Wokes" title="Frank Wokes">Frank Wokes</a> founded the Vegetarian Nutritional Research Centre in Watford, working closely with the Society to promote research on vegetarian nutrition and health. The centre was eventually absorbed by the Society, leading to extensive research efforts, with results published in major journals, magazines, and newspapers.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_28-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1969, the Society introduced its seedling logo.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1986, they introduced a scheme allowing manufacturers to use their logo on foods that met their strict vegetarian guidelines.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_28-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their accreditation criteria states that the food must be: free from animal flesh, slaughterhouse byproducts, and cross-contamination with non-vegetarian products; not tested on animals; only <a href="/wiki/GMO-free" class="mw-redirect" title="GMO-free">GMO-free</a> and <a href="/wiki/Free-range_eggs" title="Free-range eggs">free-range eggs</a> (with specific humane standards) are used.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This initiative led to the widespread use of vegetarian symbols on food packaging.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_28-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1982, The Vegetarian Society launched The Cordon Vert Cookery School, a leading vegetarian culinary academy. In 1991, the Society hosted the first National Vegetarian Week, an event that has been held nearly every year since, gaining significant media attention and attracting many to vegetarianism. Vegfest, introduced in 1997, is an annual celebration in central Manchester, drawing thousands of attendees.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_28-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1995, the Society produced the documentary <i><a href="/wiki/Devour_the_Earth" class="mw-redirect" title="Devour the Earth">Devour the Earth</a></i>, written by <a href="/wiki/Tony_Wardle" title="Tony Wardle">Tony Wardle</a> and narrated by <a href="/wiki/Paul_McCartney" title="Paul McCartney">Paul McCartney</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> McCartney became a patron of the society in the same year.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vegetarian_Society&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: 21st century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Vegetarian Society Awards were inaugurated in 2001 to acknowledge businesses and services that cater to the <a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism_by_country#United_Kingdom" title="Vegetarianism by country">UK's population of vegetarians</a>. The first ceremony took place at the <a href="/wiki/Grosvenor_House_Hotel" title="Grosvenor House Hotel">Grosvenor House Hotel</a> in London, with later events at <a href="/wiki/The_Waldorf_Hilton,_London" title="The Waldorf Hilton, London">The Waldorf Hotel</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Magic_Circle_(organisation)" title="The Magic Circle (organisation)">The Magic Circle</a> headquarters. These early events, open to members and the public, included fundraising activities such as celebrity auctions and raffles, with prizes donated by vegetarian-friendly companies, to support the Society's educational initiatives.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2003, the Society launched a "Fishconception" campaign after a survey revealed that many restaurants, canteens, and hospitals mistakenly believed that vegetarians eat fish. The campaign aimed to correct this misconception and guide the catering industry on vegetarian standards.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2017, the Vegetarian Society launched Veggie Lotto, the first vegetarian and vegan lottery in the UK. Tickets are priced at £1, with 50p allocated to the society. Funds raised support training for caterers, free courses for community groups and vulnerable individuals, and the promotion of vegetarian and vegan food.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Historian <a href="/wiki/Ina_Zweiniger-Bargielowska" title="Ina Zweiniger-Bargielowska">Ina Zweiniger-Bargielowska</a> has noted that "against the background of growing concern about the environment, animal rights, and food safety the society has flourished in recent decades."<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2024, the Vegetarian Society announced a rebrand.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has a new logo, rebranded magazine and website.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the same year, the Society moved its head office to <a href="/wiki/Ancoats" title="Ancoats">Ancoats</a>, Manchester.<sup id="cite_ref-Whelan2024_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whelan2024-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vegetarian_Society&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vegetarian_messenger_vol_1_page_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Vegetarian_messenger_vol_1_page_1.jpg/220px-Vegetarian_messenger_vol_1_page_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="354" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Vegetarian_messenger_vol_1_page_1.jpg/330px-Vegetarian_messenger_vol_1_page_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Vegetarian_messenger_vol_1_page_1.jpg/440px-Vegetarian_messenger_vol_1_page_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2631" data-file-height="4229" /></a><figcaption>Title page of the first volume of the <i>Vegetarian Messenger</i> (1849)</figcaption></figure> <p>The Vegetarian Society first published <i>The Vegetarian Messenger</i> (1849–1860). It became <i>The Dietetic Reformer and Vegetarian Messenger</i> (1861–1897), <i>The Vegetarian Messenger and Health Review</i> (1898–1952), <i>The Vegetarian</i> (1953–1958) and <i>The British Vegetarian</i> (1959–1971).<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1885, Beatrice Lindsay, a graduate from <a href="/wiki/Girton_College,_Cambridge" title="Girton College, Cambridge">Girton College, Cambridge</a>, became the first female editor of the Vegetarian Society's <i>Dietetic Reformer and Vegetarian Messenger</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Early vegetarian writers for the <i>Dietetic Reformer and Vegetarian Messenger</i> in the 1870s and 1880s advocated biological <a href="/wiki/Evolution" title="Evolution">evolution</a> and reshaped it into a <a href="/wiki/Teleology" title="Teleology">teleological</a> progress.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>The Pod</i>, formerly <i>The Vegetarian</i>, is the membership magazine of the Vegetarian Society and continues to be produced three times a year.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Presidents">Presidents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vegetarian_Society&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Presidents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td>1847–1859</td> <td><a href="/wiki/James_Simpson_(Bible_Christian)" title="James Simpson (Bible Christian)">James Simpson</a><sup id="cite_ref-Gregory_2002_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gregory_2002-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1859–1870</td> <td><a href="/wiki/William_Harvey_(Bible_Christian)" title="William Harvey (Bible Christian)">William Harvey</a><sup id="cite_ref-Gregory_2002_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gregory_2002-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1870–1873</td> <td><a href="/wiki/James_Haughton_(reformer)" title="James Haughton (reformer)">James Haughton</a><sup id="cite_ref-Gregory_2002_45-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gregory_2002-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1873–1884</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Francis_William_Newman" title="Francis William Newman">Francis William Newman</a><sup id="cite_ref-Gregory_2002_45-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gregory_2002-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1884–1910</td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_E._B._Mayor" title="John E. B. Mayor">John E. B. Mayor</a><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1911–1914</td> <td><a href="/wiki/William_Axon" class="mw-redirect" title="William Axon">William E. A. Axon</a><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1914–1933</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Bell_(activist)" title="Ernest Bell (activist)">Ernest Bell</a><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1937–1942</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peter_Freeman_(politician)" title="Peter Freeman (politician)">Peter Freeman</a><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1938–1959 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/W._A._Sibly" title="W. A. Sibly">W. A. Sibly</a><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1960–1987</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Latto_(doctor)" title="Gordon Latto (doctor)">Gordon Latto</a><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1987–1989 </td> <td>Isobel Wilson<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1996–1999 </td> <td>Kathy Silk<sup id="cite_ref-:3_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1999–2005 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maxwell_G._Lee" title="Maxwell G. Lee">Maxwell G. Lee</a><sup id="cite_ref-:3_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Patrons">Patrons</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vegetarian_Society&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Patrons"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Vegetarian Society has had several notable patrons. <a href="/wiki/Rose_Elliot" title="Rose Elliot">Rose Elliot</a>, who became a patron in 2002, is an author of over fifty vegetarian cookbooks and received an <a href="/wiki/MBE_(Order_of_the_British_Empire)" class="mw-redirect" title="MBE (Order of the British Empire)">MBE</a> in 1999. Actor <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Flynn" title="Jerome Flynn">Jerome Flynn</a> became a patron after adopting a vegetarian lifestyle at 18. Musician <a href="/wiki/Paul_McCartney" title="Paul McCartney">Paul McCartney</a> and his late wife <a href="/wiki/Linda_McCartney" title="Linda McCartney">Linda</a> became patrons in 1995. Fashion designer <a href="/wiki/Stella_McCartney" title="Stella McCartney">Stella McCartney</a> and photographer <a href="/wiki/Mary_McCartney" title="Mary McCartney">Mary McCartney</a> joined their parents as patrons. Television presenter <a href="/wiki/Wendy_Turner-Webster" title="Wendy Turner-Webster">Wendy Turner-Webster</a>, a vegan, became a patron in 2004, promoting an animal-free diet.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vegetarian_Society&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Vegetarian_Union" title="European Vegetarian Union">European Vegetarian Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Vegetarian_Union" title="International Vegetarian Union">International Vegetarian Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_McCartney_Foods" title="Linda McCartney Foods">Linda McCartney Foods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_animal_rights_groups" title="List of animal rights groups">List of animal rights groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegetarian_organizations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of vegetarian organizations">List of vegetarian organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Vegetarian_Society" title="North American Vegetarian Society">North American Vegetarian Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veganism" title="Veganism">Veganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_Society_(Singapore)" title="Vegetarian Society (Singapore)">Vegetarian Society (Singapore)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vegetarian_Society&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-VegetarianSocietyAnnualReport-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-VegetarianSocietyAnnualReport_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VegetarianSocietyAnnualReport_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VegetarianSocietyAnnualReport_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/en/charity-search?p_p_id=uk_gov_ccew_onereg_charitydetails_web_portlet_CharityDetailsPortlet&p_p_lifecycle=2&p_p_resource_id=%2Faccounts-resource&_uk_gov_ccew_onereg_charitydetails_web_portlet_CharityDetailsPortlet_objectiveId=A14593987">"The Vegetarian Society of the United Kingdom Limited Group Annual Report and Financial Statements Year ended 31 March 2023"</a>. <i>Register of charities</i>. <a href="/wiki/Charity_Commission_for_England_and_Wales" title="Charity Commission for England and Wales">Charity Commission for England and Wales</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 62–63. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85771-526-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85771-526-5"><bdi>978-0-85771-526-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Of+Victorians+and+Vegetarians%3A+The+Vegetarian+Movement+in+Nineteenth-century+Britain&rft.pages=62-63&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2007-06-29&rft.isbn=978-0-85771-526-5&rft.aulast=Gregory&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJbaKDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVegetarian+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Forward, Charles W. (1898). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/b2486609x/page/82/mode/2up"><i>Fifty Years of Food Reform: A History of the Vegetarian Movement in England</i></a>. London: The Ideal Publishing Union. p. 82</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=A3wPAQAAMAAl"><i>The National Union Catalog, Pre-1956 Imprints: A Cumulative Author List Representing Library of Congress Printed Cards and Titles Reported by Other American Libraries, Volume 631</i></a>. Mansell. 1979. p. 507. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0720108637" title="Special:BookSources/978-0720108637"><bdi>978-0720108637</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+National+Union+Catalog%2C+Pre-1956+Imprints%3A+A+Cumulative+Author+List+Representing+Library+of+Congress+Printed+Cards+and+Titles+Reported+by+Other+American+Libraries%2C+Volume+631&rft.pages=507&rft.pub=Mansell&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=978-0720108637&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DA3wPAQAAMAAl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVegetarian+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ivu.org/history/salt/dairy.html">"History of Vegetarianism - Henry S. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Vegetarian+Society&rft.atitle=History+of+the+Vegetarian+Awards&rft.date=2004-12-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vegsoc.org%2Fawards%2Fawardshistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVegetarian+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeighton2003" class="citation web cs1">Leighton, Tommy (7 August 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fruitnet.com/fresh-produce-journal/vegetarians-launch-broadside-at-fish/131895.article">"Vegetarians launch broadside at fish"</a>. <i>Fruitnet</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Oxford University Press. p. 337. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0199280520" title="Special:BookSources/978-0199280520">978-0199280520</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPreston2024" class="citation web cs1">Preston, Rob (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.civilsociety.co.uk/news/vegetarian-society-announces-50-000-rebrand.html">"Vegetarian Society announces £50,000 rebrand"</a>. <i>Civil Society</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240226203651/https://www.civilsociety.co.uk/news/vegetarian-society-announces-50-000-rebrand.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Civil+Society&rft.atitle=Vegetarian+Society+announces+%C2%A350%2C000+rebrand&rft.date=2024&rft.aulast=Preston&rft.aufirst=Rob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.civilsociety.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fvegetarian-society-announces-50-000-rebrand.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVegetarian+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarle2024" class="citation web cs1">Harle, Emily (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thirdsector.co.uk/175-year-old-charity-rebrands/communications/article/1862685">"175-year-old charity rebrands"</a>. <i>Third Sector</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240226144258/https://www.thirdsector.co.uk/175-year-old-charity-rebrands/communications/article/1862685">Archived</a> from the original on 26 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Third+Sector&rft.atitle=175-year-old+charity+rebrands&rft.date=2024&rft.aulast=Harle&rft.aufirst=Emily&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thirdsector.co.uk%2F175-year-old-charity-rebrands%2Fcommunications%2Farticle%2F1862685&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVegetarian+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Newton, David E. (2019). <i>Vegetarianism and Veganism: A Reference Handbook</i>. ABC-CLIO. p. 315. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4408-6763-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4408-6763-7">978-1-4408-6763-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ivu.org/history/thesis/bibliography.html">"The Vegetarian Movement in England, 1847-1981"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201206013844/https://ivu.org/history/thesis/bibliography.html">Archived</a> 6 December 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. International Vegetarian Union.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Young, L. (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-030-02721-6_436-1"><i>The Vegetarian Messenger</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221015134951/https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-030-02721-6_436-1">Archived</a> 15 October 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. In <i>The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Victorian Women's Writing</i>. Palgrave. pp. 1-9. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-030-02721-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-030-02721-6">978-3-030-02721-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKim,_Haejoo2021" class="citation journal cs1">Kim, Haejoo (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academic.oup.com/jvc/article-abstract/26/4/519/6354911">"Vegetarian Evolution in Nineteenth-Century Britain"</a>. <i>Journal of Victorian Culture</i>. <b>26</b> (4): 519–533. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjvcult%2Fvcab040">10.1093/jvcult/vcab040</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Victorian+Culture&rft.atitle=Vegetarian+Evolution+in+Nineteenth-Century+Britain&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=519-533&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fjvcult%2Fvcab040&rft.au=Kim%2C+Haejoo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Facademic.oup.com%2Fjvc%2Farticle-abstract%2F26%2F4%2F519%2F6354911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVegetarian+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vegsoc.org/what-you-can-do/membership/">"Become a member"</a>. <i>Vegetarian Society</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vegetarian+Society&rft.atitle=Become+a+member&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvegsoc.org%2Fwhat-you-can-do%2Fmembership%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVegetarian+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gregory_2002-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gregory_2002_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gregory_2002_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gregory_2002_45-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gregory_2002_45-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGregory2002" class="citation book cs1">Gregory, James Richard Thomas Elliott (2002). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Biographical+Index+of+British+Vegetarians+and+Food+reformers+of+the+Victorian+Era&rft.btitle=The+Vegetarian+Movement+in+Britain+c.1840%E2%80%931901%3A+A+Study+of+Its+Development%2C+Personnel+and+Wider+Connections&rft.pub=University+of+Southampton&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Gregory&rft.aufirst=James+Richard+Thomas+Elliott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feprints.soton.ac.uk%2F467032%2F2%2F886115_v.2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVegetarian+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVennVenn2011" class="citation book cs1">Venn, John; Venn, John Archibald (15 September 2011). "Mayor, John Eyton Bickersteth". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OuU54j4aT6QC"><i>Alumni Cantabrigienses: A Biographical List of All Known Students, Graduates and Holders of Office at the University of Cambridge, from the Earliest Times to 1900</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 379. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-108-03614-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-108-03614-6"><bdi>978-1-108-03614-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mayor%2C+John+Eyton+Bickersteth&rft.btitle=Alumni+Cantabrigienses%3A+A+Biographical+List+of+All+Known+Students%2C+Graduates+and+Holders+of+Office+at+the+University+of+Cambridge%2C+from+the+Earliest+Times+to+1900&rft.pages=379&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2011-09-15&rft.isbn=978-1-108-03614-6&rft.aulast=Venn&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Venn%2C+John+Archibald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOuU54j4aT6QC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVegetarian+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCalvert2012" class="citation book cs1">Calvert, Samantha Jane (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/18614303.pdf"><i>Eden's Diet: Christianity and Vegetarianism 1809–2009</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Cambridge University Press. p. 220. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1108036115" title="Special:BookSources/978-1108036115">978-1108036115</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wilson, David A. H. (2015). <i>The Welfare of Performing Animals: A Historical Perspective</i>. Springer. p. 99. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-662-45833-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-662-45833-4">978-3-662-45833-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFA._&_C._Black_Ltd.1964" class="citation book cs1">A. & C. Black Ltd. (1964). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/whowaswho195119605lond"><i>Who Was Who, 1951-1960: A Companion to Who's Who, Containing the Biographies of Those Who Died During the Decade 1951-1960</i></a>. London: Black. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whowaswho195119605lond/page/998/mode/1up">998</a> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Who+Was+Who%2C+1951-1960%3A+A+Companion+to+Who%27s+Who%2C+Containing+the+Biographies+of+Those+Who+Died+During+the+Decade+1951-1960&rft.place=London&rft.pages=998&rft.pub=Black&rft.date=1964&rft.au=A.+%26+C.+Black+Ltd.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwhowaswho195119605lond&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVegetarian+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeo1998" class="citation web cs1">Leo, Sigrid De (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ivu.org/news/evu/other/latto.html">"Att-Gordon Latto has died at the age of 87"</a>. <i>International Vegetarian Union</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240412132731/https://ivu.org/news/evu/other/latto.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Vegetarian+Union&rft.atitle=Att-Gordon+Latto+has+died+at+the+age+of+87&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Leo&rft.aufirst=Sigrid+De&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fivu.org%2Fnews%2Fevu%2Fother%2Flatto.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVegetarian+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee1992" class="citation journal cs1">Lee, Maxwell G (October 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101022133524/http://www.vegsoc.org/members/history/isobel.html">"Obituary: Isobel Wilson MBE"</a>. <i>The Vegetarian</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vegsoc.org/members/history/isobel.html">the original</a> on 22 October 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Vegetarian&rft.atitle=Obituary%3A+Isobel+Wilson+MBE&rft.date=1992-10&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Maxwell+G&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vegsoc.org%2Fmembers%2Fhistory%2Fisobel.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVegetarian+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ivu.org/history/societies/vsuk.html">"History of The Vegetarian Society of the UK Ltd"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/International_Vegetarian_Union" title="International Vegetarian Union">International Vegetarian Union</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Vegetarian+Union&rft.atitle=History+of+The+Vegetarian+Society+of+the+UK+Ltd.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ivu.org%2Fhistory%2Fsocieties%2Fvsuk.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVegetarian+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ivu.org/members/council/kathy-silk.html">"Kathy Silk"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/International_Vegetarian_Union" title="International Vegetarian Union">International Vegetarian Union</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Vegetarian+Union&rft.atitle=Kathy+Silk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fivu.org%2Fmembers%2Fcouncil%2Fkathy-silk.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVegetarian+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.findmypast.co.uk/image-viewer?issue=BL%2F0005232%2F19990702&page=12">"Veggie Cool"</a>. <i>Halifax Evening Courier</i>. 2 July 1999. p. 12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Halifax+Evening+Courier&rft.atitle=Veggie+Cool&rft.pages=12&rft.date=1999-07-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.findmypast.co.uk%2Fimage-viewer%3Fissue%3DBL%252F0005232%252F19990702%26page%3D12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVegetarian+Society" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ivu.org/members/council/maxwell-lee.html">"Maxwell Lee"</a>. <i>International Vegetarian Union</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Vegetarian+Union&rft.atitle=Maxwell+Lee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ivu.org%2Fmembers%2Fcouncil%2Fmaxwell-lee.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVegetarian+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100612200328/http://vegsoc.org/patrons/index.html">"Vegetarian Society Patrons"</a>. <i>Vegetarian Society</i>. 12 June 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vegsoc.org/patrons/index.html">the original</a> on 12 June 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vegetarian+Society&rft.atitle=Vegetarian+Society+Patrons&rft.date=2010-06-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvegsoc.org%2Fpatrons%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVegetarian+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vegetarian_Society&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>James Gregory, <i>Of Victorians and Vegetarians: The Vegetarian Movement in Nineteenth-Century Britain</i>. London: Tauris Academic Studies, 2006. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84511-379-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84511-379-7">978-1-84511-379-7</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vegetarian_Society&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output 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</div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vegsoc.org/">Official website</a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalvegetarianweek.org/">National Vegetarian Week</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unige.ch/vls/bibliography/periodicals-bibliography/vegetarian-messenger"><i>The Vegetarian Messenger</i></a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharity_Commission259358" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/charity-details/?regId=259358&subId=0">"<i>Vegetarian Society, registered charity no. 259358</i>"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Charity_Commission_for_England_and_Wales" title="Charity Commission for England and Wales">Charity Commission for England and Wales</a>.</cite><span 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href="/wiki/Animal-free_agriculture" title="Animal-free agriculture">Animal-free agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_veganism" title="Black veganism">Black veganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruitarianism" title="Fruitarianism">Fruitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veganism#History" title="Veganism">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raw_veganism" class="mw-redirect" title="Raw veganism">Raw veganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight_edge" title="Straight edge">Straight edge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hardline_(subculture)" title="Hardline (subculture)">Hardline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_nutrition" title="Vegan nutrition">Nutrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_organic_agriculture" title="Vegan organic agriculture">Vegan organic agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_school_meal" title="Vegan school meal">Vegan school meal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_studies" title="Vegan studies">Vegan studies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism" title="Vegetarianism">Vegetarianism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_vegetarianism" title="Economic vegetarianism">Economic vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_vegetarianism" title="Environmental vegetarianism">Environmental vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_vegetarianism" title="History of vegetarianism">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthopathy" title="Orthopathy">Orthopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacto_vegetarianism" title="Lacto vegetarianism">Lacto vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacto-ovo_vegetarianism" title="Lacto-ovo vegetarianism">Lacto-ovo vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovo_vegetarianism" title="Ovo vegetarianism">Ovo vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_cuisine" title="Vegetarian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_Diet_Pyramid" title="Vegetarian Diet Pyramid">Vegetarian Diet Pyramid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_ecofeminism" title="Vegetarian ecofeminism">Ecofeminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_nutrition" title="Vegetarian nutrition">Nutrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism_by_country" title="Vegetarianism by country">By country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegetarians" title="List of vegetarians">Vegetarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegans" title="List of vegans">Vegans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_vegetarian_and_vegan_characters" title="List of fictional vegetarian and vegan characters">Fictional characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegetarian_festivals" class="mw-redirect" title="List of vegetarian festivals">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegetarian_and_vegan_organizations" title="List of vegetarian and vegan organizations">Organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegetarian_and_vegan_restaurants" title="List of vegetarian and vegan restaurants">Restaurants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegan_and_plant-based_media" title="List of vegan and plant-based media">Vegan media</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Secular_ethics" title="Secular ethics">Secular</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_rights" title="Animal rights">Animal rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_welfare" title="Animal welfare">Animal welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnism" title="Carnism">Carnism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_ecology" title="Deep ecology">Deep ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_vegetarianism" title="Environmental vegetarianism">Environmental vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethics_of_eating_meat" title="Ethics of eating meat">Ethics of eating meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_paradox" class="mw-redirect" title="Meat paradox">Meat paradox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonviolence" title="Nonviolence">Nonviolence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Replaceability_argument" title="Replaceability argument">Replaceability argument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentientism" title="Sentientism">Sentientism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speciesism" title="Speciesism">Speciesism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirukku%E1%B9%9Fa%E1%B8%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirukkuṟaḷ">Tirukkuṟaḷ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism_and_religion" title="Vegetarianism and religion">Religious</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_vegetarianism" title="Buddhist vegetarianism">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_vegetarianism" title="Christian vegetarianism">Christianity</a> (<a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="Seventh-day Adventist Church">Seventh-day Adventist Church</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diet_in_Hinduism" title="Diet in Hinduism">Hinduism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sattvic_diet" title="Sattvic diet">Sattvic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahimsa" title="Ahimsa">Ahimsa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_vegetarianism" title="Islamic vegetarianism">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jain_vegetarianism" title="Jain vegetarianism">Jainism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_vegetarianism" title="Jewish vegetarianism">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pythagoreanism#Vegetarianism" title="Pythagoreanism">Pythagoreanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ital" title="Ital">Rastafari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diet_in_Sikhism" title="Diet in Sikhism">Sikhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoist_diet" title="Taoist diet">Taoism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Food<br />and drink</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agave_syrup" title="Agave syrup">Agave syrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_chicken_fillet_roll" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegan chicken fillet roll">Chicken fillet roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_burger" class="mw-redirect" title="Coconut burger">Coconut burger</a></li> <li>Dairy alternatives <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_milk" title="Coconut milk">Coconut milk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_cream" title="Plant cream">Plant cream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_milk" title="Plant milk">Plant milk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soy_yogurt" title="Soy yogurt">Soy yogurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_cheese" title="Vegan cheese">Cheese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">Fruits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grain" title="Grain">Grains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cereal" title="Cereal">cereals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legume" title="Legume">legumes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelatin_dessert#Gelatin_substitutes" title="Gelatin dessert">Gelatin substitutes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agar" title="Agar">Agar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrageenan" title="Carrageenan">Carrageenan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulaman" title="Gulaman">Gulaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konjac#Fruit_jelly" class="mw-redirect" title="Konjac">Konjac jelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bacterial_cellulose#Food" title="Bacterial cellulose">Microbial cellulose</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_jambon" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegan jambon">Jambon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_alternative" title="Meat alternative">Meat alternative</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_meat_substitutes" title="List of meat substitutes">List of meat substitutes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miso" title="Miso">Miso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mochi" title="Mochi">Mochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mock_duck" title="Mock duck">Mock duck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nutritional_yeast" title="Nutritional yeast">Nutritional yeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinoa" title="Quinoa">Quinoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quorn" title="Quorn">Quorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheat_gluten_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wheat gluten (food)">Seitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempeh" title="Tempeh">Tempeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofu" title="Tofu">Tofu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofurkey" title="Tofurkey">Tofurkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetable" title="Vegetable">Vegetables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_bacon" title="Vegetarian bacon">Vegetarian bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_hot_dog" title="Vegetarian hot dog">Hot dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_and_non-vegetarian_marks" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegetarian and non-vegetarian marks">Vegetarian mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_sausage" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegetarian sausage">Sausage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat-free_sausage_roll" title="Meat-free sausage roll">Sausage roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism_and_beer" title="Vegetarianism and beer">Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism_and_wine" title="Vegetarianism and wine">Wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veggie_burger" title="Veggie burger">Veggie burger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegetarian_organizations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of vegetarian organizations">Groups</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/List_of_vegetarian_festivals" class="mw-redirect" title="List of vegetarian festivals">events</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Vegan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Vegan_Society" title="American Vegan Society">American Vegan Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beauty_Without_Cruelty" title="Beauty Without Cruelty">Beauty Without Cruelty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Vegan_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="China Vegan Society">China Vegan Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_Empowerment_Project" title="Food Empowerment Project">Food Empowerment Project</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Go_Vegan" title="Go Vegan">Go Vegan</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nederlandse_Vereniging_voor_Veganisme" title="Nederlandse Vereniging voor Veganisme">Nederlandse Vereniging voor Veganisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Hen_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Our Hen House">Our Hen House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physicians_Committee_for_Responsible_Medicine" title="Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine">Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plamil_Foods" title="Plamil Foods">Plamil Foods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_Awareness_Foundation" title="Vegan Awareness Foundation">Vegan Awareness Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_flag" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegan flag">Vegan flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_Outreach" title="Vegan Outreach">Vegan Outreach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_Prisoners_Support_Group" title="Vegan Prisoners Support Group">Vegan Prisoners Support Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Vegan_Society" title="The Vegan Society">The Vegan Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veganmania" title="Veganmania">Veganmania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veganuary" title="Veganuary">Veganuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veganz" title="Veganz">Veganz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Vegan_Day" title="World Vegan Day">World Vegan Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Vegetarian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcott_House" title="Alcott House">Alcott House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bible_Christian_Church_(vegetarian)" title="Bible Christian Church (vegetarian)">Bible Christian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Vegetarian_Society" title="Boston Vegetarian Society">Boston Vegetarian Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Vegetarian_Association" title="Christian Vegetarian Association">Christian Vegetarian Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Vegetarian_Union" title="European Vegetarian Union">European Vegetarian Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Vegetarian_Society" title="French Vegetarian Society">French Vegetarian Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hare_Krishna_Food_for_Life" class="mw-redirect" title="Hare Krishna Food for Life">Hare Krishna Food for Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Vegetarian_Union" title="International Vegetarian Union">International Vegetarian Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Veg" title="Jewish Veg">Jewish Veg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat-free_days" title="Meat-free days">Meat-free days</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meatless_Monday" title="Meatless Monday">Meatless Monday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friday_Fast" class="mw-redirect" title="Friday Fast">Friday Fast</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Vegetarian_Society" title="North American Vegetarian Society">North American Vegetarian Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Golden_Age" title="Order of the Golden Age">Order of the Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ProVeg_Deutschland" title="ProVeg Deutschland">ProVeg Deutschland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ProVeg_International" title="ProVeg International">ProVeg International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ProVeg_Nederland" title="ProVeg Nederland">ProVeg Nederland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Vegetarian_Society" title="Scottish Vegetarian Society">Scottish Vegetarian Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swissveg" title="Swissveg">Swissveg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Vegetarian_Association" title="Toronto Vegetarian Association">Toronto Vegetarian Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_Federal_Union" title="Vegetarian Federal Union">Vegetarian Federal Union</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vegetarian Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_Society_(Singapore)" title="Vegetarian Society (Singapore)">Vegetarian Society (Singapore)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veggie_Pride" title="Veggie Pride">Veggie Pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viva!_Health" title="Viva! Health">Viva! Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Esperantist_Vegetarian_Association" title="World Esperantist Vegetarian Association">World Esperantist Vegetarian Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Vegetarian_Day" title="World Vegetarian Day">World Vegetarian Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegetarian_and_vegan_companies" title="List of vegetarian and vegan companies">List of vegetarian and vegan companies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books,<br />reports,<br /> journals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/On_Abstinence_from_Eating_Animals" title="On Abstinence from Eating Animals">On Abstinence from Eating Animals</a></i> (3rd century)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/An_Essay_on_Abstinence_from_Animal_Food,_as_a_Moral_Duty" title="An Essay on Abstinence from Animal Food, as a Moral Duty">An Essay on Abstinence from Animal Food, as a Moral Duty</a></i> (1802)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vegetable_Cookery" title="Vegetable Cookery">Vegetable Cookery</a></i> (1812)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Vindication_of_Natural_Diet" title="A Vindication of Natural Diet">A Vindication of Natural Diet</a></i> (1813)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reasons_for_not_Eating_Animal_Food" class="mw-redirect" title="Reasons for not Eating Animal Food">Reasons for not Eating Animal Food</a></i> (1814)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moral_Inquiries_on_the_Situation_of_Man_and_of_Brutes" title="Moral Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes">Moral Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes</a></i> (1824)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nature%27s_Own_Book" class="mw-redirect" title="Nature's Own Book">Nature's Own Book</a></i> (1835)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fruits_and_Farinacea" title="Fruits and Farinacea">Fruits and Farinacea</a></i> (1845)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Pleasure_Boat" title="The Pleasure Boat">The Pleasure Boat</a></i> (1845)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ethics_of_Diet" title="The Ethics of Diet">The Ethics of Diet</a></i> (1883)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/What_is_Vegetarianism%3F" title="What is Vegetarianism?">What is Vegetarianism?</a></i> (1886)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shelley%27s_Vegetarianism" title="Shelley's Vegetarianism">Shelley's Vegetarianism</a></i> (1891)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Behind_the_Scenes_in_Slaughter-Houses" title="Behind the Scenes in Slaughter-Houses">Behind the Scenes in Slaughter-Houses</a></i> (1892)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Why_I_Am_a_Vegetarian" title="Why I Am a Vegetarian">Why I Am a Vegetarian</a></i> (1895)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Figs_or_Pigs%3F" title="Figs or Pigs?">Figs or Pigs?</a></i> (1896)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fifty_Years_of_Food_Reform" class="mw-redirect" title="Fifty Years of Food Reform">Fifty Years of Food Reform</a></i> (1898)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thirty-nine_Reasons_Why_I_Am_a_Vegetarian" title="Thirty-nine Reasons Why I Am a Vegetarian">Thirty-nine Reasons Why I Am a Vegetarian</a></i> (1903)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Meat_Fetish" title="The Meat Fetish">The Meat Fetish</a></i> (1904)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Ethics" title="The New Ethics">The New Ethics</a></i> (1907)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Fleshless_Diet" class="mw-redirect" title="A Fleshless Diet">A Fleshless Diet</a></i> (1910)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Benefits_of_Vegetarianism" title="The Benefits of Vegetarianism">The Benefits of Vegetarianism</a></i> (1927)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Living_the_Good_Life" title="Living the Good Life">Living the Good Life</a></i> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ten_Talents_(cookbook)" title="Ten Talents (cookbook)">Ten Talents</a></i> (1968)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Diet_for_a_Small_Planet" title="Diet for a Small Planet">Diet for a Small Planet</a></i> (1971)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Vegetarian_Epicure" title="The Vegetarian Epicure">The Vegetarian Epicure</a></i> (1972)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moosewood_Restaurant" title="Moosewood Restaurant">Moosewood Collective Cookbooks</a></i> (1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Farm_Vegetarian_Cookbook" title="The Farm Vegetarian Cookbook">The Farm Vegetarian Cookbook</a></i> (1975)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Laurel%27s_Kitchen" title="Laurel's Kitchen">Laurel's Kitchen</a></i> (1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moosewood_Cookbook" title="Moosewood Cookbook">Moosewood Cookbook</a></i> (1977)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fit_for_Life" title="Fit for Life">Fit for Life</a></i> (1985)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Diet_for_a_New_America" title="Diet for a New America">Diet for a New America</a></i> (1987)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sexual_Politics_of_Meat" title="The Sexual Politics of Meat">The Sexual Politics of Meat</a></i> (1990)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_Cooking_for_Everyone" title="Vegetarian Cooking for Everyone">Vegetarian Cooking for Everyone</a></i> (1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_China_Study" title="The China Study">The China Study</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Skinny_Bitch" title="Skinny Bitch">Skinny Bitch</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Livestock%27s_Long_Shadow" title="Livestock's Long Shadow">Livestock's Long Shadow</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bloodless_Revolution_(book)" title="The Bloodless Revolution (book)">The Bloodless Revolution</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eating_Animals" title="Eating Animals">Eating Animals</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Why_We_Love_Dogs,_Eat_Pigs,_and_Wear_Cows" title="Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs, and Wear Cows">Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs, and Wear Cows</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Vegan_Studies_Project" title="The Vegan Studies Project">The Vegan Studies Project</a></i> (2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Animal_(De)liberation" title="Animal (De)liberation">Animal (De)liberation</a></i> (2016)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_End_of_Animal_Farming" title="The End of Animal Farming">The End of Animal Farming</a></i> (2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vegetable_Kingdom:_The_Abundant_World_of_Vegan_Recipes" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegetable Kingdom: The Abundant World of Vegan Recipes">Vegetable Kingdom</a></i> (2020)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Making_a_Stand_for_Animals" title="Making a Stand for Animals">Making a Stand for Animals</a></i> (2022)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Meat_Atlas" title="Meat Atlas">Meat Atlas</a></i> (annual)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegan_media" class="mw-redirect" title="List of vegan media">Films and shows</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Animals_Film" title="The Animals Film">The Animals Film</a></i> (1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Diet_for_a_New_America_(film)" title="Diet for a New America (film)">Diet for a New America (film)</a></i> (1991)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Cow_at_My_Table" title="A Cow at My Table">A Cow at My Table</a></i> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Meet_Your_Meat" title="Meet Your Meat">Meet Your Meat</a></i> (2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Post_Punk_Kitchen" title="Post Punk Kitchen">Post Punk Kitchen</a></i> (2003–2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Peaceable_Kingdom_(film)" title="Peaceable Kingdom (film)">Peaceable Kingdom</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Earthlings_(film)" title="Earthlings (film)">Earthlings</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Sacred_Duty" title="A Sacred Duty">A Sacred Duty</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fat,_Sick_and_Nearly_Dead" title="Fat, Sick and Nearly Dead">Fat, Sick and Nearly Dead</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Planeat" title="Planeat">Planeat</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Forks_Over_Knives" title="Forks Over Knives">Forks Over Knives</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vegucated" title="Vegucated">Vegucated</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Live_and_Let_Live_(2013_film)" title="Live and Let Live (2013 film)">Live and Let Live</a></i> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cowspiracy" title="Cowspiracy">Cowspiracy</a></i> (2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/PlantPure_Nation" title="PlantPure Nation">PlantPure Nation</a></i> (2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/What_the_Health" title="What the Health">What the Health</a></i> (2017)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Carnage_(2017_film)" title="Carnage (2017 film)">Carnage</a></i> (2017)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dominion_(2018_film)" title="Dominion (2018 film)">Dominion</a></i> (2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eating_You_Alive" title="Eating You Alive">Eating You Alive</a></i> (2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Game_Changers" title="The Game Changers">The Game Changers</a></i> (2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maa_Ka_Doodh" title="Maa Ka Doodh">Maa Ka Doodh</a></i> (2023)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/You_Are_What_You_Eat:_A_Twin_Experiment" title="You Are What You Eat: A Twin Experiment">You Are What You Eat: A Twin Experiment</a></i> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Magazines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Naked_Food" title="Naked Food">Naked Food</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Satya_(magazine)" title="Satya (magazine)">Satya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_Times" title="Vegetarian Times">Vegetarian Times</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/VegNews" title="VegNews">VegNews</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Animals%27_Agenda" class="mw-redirect" title="The Animals' Agenda">The Animals' Agenda</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics, <br />activists, <br />authors, <br />physicians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Vegan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elisa_Aaltola" title="Elisa Aaltola">Elisa Aaltola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_J._Adams" title="Carol J. Adams">Carol J. Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzanne_M._Babich" title="Suzanne M. Babich">Suzanne M. Babich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Balluch" title="Martin Balluch">Martin Balluch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neal_D._Barnard" title="Neal D. Barnard">Neal D. Barnard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Benatar" title="David Benatar">David Benatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Best" title="Steven Best">Steven Best</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yves_Bonnardel" title="Yves Bonnardel">Yves Bonnardel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_Bonsall" title="Will Bonsall">Will Bonsall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_Bulsiewicz" title="Will Bulsiewicz">Will Bulsiewicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Butaud" title="Georges Butaud">Georges Butaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jodey_Castricano" title="Jodey Castricano">Jodey Castricano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._Colin_Campbell" title="T. Colin Campbell">T. Colin Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Cook_(vegan)" title="Robert Cook (vegan)">Robert Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brenda_Davis" title="Brenda Davis">Brenda Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garth_Davis_(surgeon)" title="Garth Davis (surgeon)">Garth Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Deckers" title="Jan Deckers">Jan Deckers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Desmond" title="Alan Desmond">Alan Desmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freya_Dinshah" title="Freya Dinshah">Freya Dinshah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._Jay_Dinshah" title="H. Jay Dinshah">H. Jay Dinshah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Dornbusch" title="George Dornbusch">George Dornbusch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mylan_Engel" title="Mylan Engel">Mylan Engel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caldwell_Esselstyn" title="Caldwell Esselstyn">Caldwell Esselstyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_L._Francione" title="Gary L. Francione">Gary L. Francione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Fuhrman" title="Joel Fuhrman">Joel Fuhrman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristi_Funk" title="Kristi Funk">Kristi Funk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9ry_Giroux" title="Valéry Giroux">Valéry Giroux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Gompertz" title="Lewis Gompertz">Lewis Gompertz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Greger" title="Michael Greger">Michael Greger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Breeze_Harper" title="A. Breeze Harper">A. Breeze Harper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Horta" title="Oscar Horta">Oscar Horta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanie_Joy" title="Melanie Joy">Melanie Joy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Kahn" title="Joel Kahn">Joel Kahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avery_Yale_Kamila" title="Avery Yale Kamila">Avery Yale Kamila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Klaper" title="Michael Klaper">Michael Klaper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aph_Ko" title="Aph Ko">Aph Ko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renan_Larue" title="Renan Larue">Renan Larue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxwell_G._Lee" title="Maxwell G. Lee">Maxwell G. Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lepeltier" title="Thomas Lepeltier">Thomas Lepeltier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Lyman" title="Howard Lyman">Howard Lyman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ma%27arri" title="Al-Ma'arri">Al-Ma'arri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reed_Mangels" title="Reed Mangels">Reed Mangels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._McDougall" title="John A. McDougall">John A. McDougall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_E._McWilliams" title="James E. McWilliams">James E. McWilliams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vesanto_Melina" title="Vesanto Melina">Vesanto Melina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemma_Newman" title="Gemma Newman">Gemma Newman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Nibert" title="David Nibert">David Nibert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Norris_(activist)" title="Jack Norris (activist)">Jack Norris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Olivier" title="David Olivier">David Olivier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Pearce_(philosopher)" title="David Pearce (philosopher)">David Pearce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emelia_Quinn" title="Emelia Quinn">Emelia Quinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Regan" title="Tom Regan">Tom Regan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Segal" title="Jérôme Segal">Jérôme Segal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Singer" title="Peter Singer">Peter Singer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Sztybel" title="David Sztybel">David Sztybel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunaura_Taylor" title="Sunaura Taylor">Sunaura Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Twine_(sociologist)" title="Richard Twine (sociologist)">Richard Twine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_A._Williams" title="Kim A. Williams">Kim A. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corey_Lee_Wrenn" title="Corey Lee Wrenn">Corey Lee Wrenn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Wright_(literary_scholar)" title="Laura Wright (literary scholar)">Laura Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophie_Za%C3%AFkowska" title="Sophie Zaïkowska">Sophie Zaïkowska</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Vegetarian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phyllis_B._Acosta" title="Phyllis B. Acosta">Phyllis B. Acosta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Alcott" title="William Alcott">William Alcott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_P._Allinson" title="Bertrand P. Allinson">Bertrand P. Allinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Allinson" title="Thomas Allinson">Thomas Allinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_R._Attwood" title="Charles R. Attwood">Charles R. Attwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Axon" class="mw-redirect" title="William Axon">William Axon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Baltzer" title="Eduard Baltzer">Eduard Baltzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._S._Bathgate" title="H. S. Bathgate">H. S. Bathgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_A._Barrows" title="Horace A. Barrows">Horace A. Barrows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Barstow" title="Geoffrey Barstow">Geoffrey Barstow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_H._Beard" title="Sidney H. Beard">Sidney H. Beard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Bedborough" title="George Bedborough">George Bedborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Bell_(animal_rights_activist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ernest Bell (animal rights activist)">Ernest Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bell_(physician)" title="Robert Bell (physician)">Robert Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragnar_Berg" title="Ragnar Berg">Ragnar Berg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rynn_Berry" title="Rynn Berry">Rynn Berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_Bircher-Benner" title="Maximilian Bircher-Benner">Maximilian Bircher-Benner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Black_(physician)" title="George Black (physician)">George Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Bonnejoy" title="Ernest Bonnejoy">Ernest Bonnejoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Duncan_Bulkley" title="Lucius Duncan Bulkley">Lucius Duncan Bulkley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._L._Buttner" title="J. L. Buttner">J. L. Buttner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Carton" title="Paul Carton">Paul Carton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_Caudwell" title="Job Caudwell">Job Caudwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Clark_(Bible_Christian)" title="James Clark (Bible Christian)">James Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Cheyne_(physician)" title="George Cheyne (physician)">George Cheyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_S._Clubb" title="Henry S. Clubb">Henry S. Clubb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Cocchi" title="Antonio Cocchi">Antonio Cocchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Collier" title="Edwin Collier">Edwin Collier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenna_F._Cooper" title="Lenna F. Cooper">Lenna F. Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dani%C3%ABl_de_Clercq" title="Daniël de Clercq">Daniël de Clercq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Danjou" title="Georges Danjou">Georges Danjou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Dombrowski" title="Daniel Dombrowski">Daniel Dombrowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Elmslie_Duncan" title="James Elmslie Duncan">James Elmslie Duncan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eknath_Easwaran" title="Eknath Easwaran">Eknath Easwaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._Forster" title="T. Forster">T. Forster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Forward" title="Charles W. Forward">Charles W. Forward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Allen_Fox" title="Michael Allen Fox">Michael Allen Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Foxcroft" title="Peter Foxcroft">Peter Foxcroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greta_Gaard" title="Greta Gaard">Greta Gaard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narasinh_Narayan_Godbole" title="Narasinh Narayan Godbole">Narasinh Narayan Godbole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Grand" title="Jules Grand">Jules Grand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Hacker" title="Jeremiah Hacker">Jeremiah Hacker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Haddon" title="John Haddon">John Haddon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Hadwen" title="Walter Hadwen">Walter Hadwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Haig_(physician)" title="Alexander Haig (physician)">Alexander Haig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Hare" title="Edward Hare">Edward Hare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Harrison" title="George Harrison">George Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Harvey_(Bible_Christian)" title="William Harvey (Bible Christian)">William Harvey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Hecquet" title="Philippe Hecquet">Philippe Hecquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Hines" title="Brian Hines">Brian Hines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_Holbrook" title="Martin Luther Holbrook">Martin Luther Holbrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Jennings" title="Isaac Jennings">Isaac Jennings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Harvey_Kellogg" title="John Harvey Kellogg">John Harvey Kellogg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Kerr" title="Norman Kerr">Norman Kerr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_H._Kress" title="Daniel H. Kress">Daniel H. Kress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lambe_(physician)" title="William Lambe (physician)">William Lambe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._R._C._Latson" title="W. R. C. Latson">W. R. C. Latson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elmer_Lee" title="Elmer Lee">Elmer Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_M._Levin" title="Susan M. Levin">Susan M. Levin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Linzey" title="Andrew Linzey">Andrew Linzey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clair_Linzey" title="Clair Linzey">Clair Linzey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_de_Marquette" title="Jacques de Marquette">Jacques de Marquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Garrett_Marsh" title="Alice Garrett Marsh">Alice Garrett Marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_McCartney" title="Paul McCartney">Paul McCartney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stella_McCartney" title="Stella McCartney">Stella McCartney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elmer_McCollum" title="Elmer McCollum">Elmer McCollum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Metcalfe" title="William Metcalfe">William Metcalfe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eli_Peck_Miller" title="Eli Peck Miller">Eli Peck Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Willis_Miller" title="Harry Willis Miller">Harry Willis Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Howard_Moore" title="J. Howard Moore">J. Howard Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuben_D._Mussey" title="Reuben D. Mussey">Reuben D. Mussey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Nearing" title="Helen Nearing">Helen Nearing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Nearing" title="Scott Nearing">Scott Nearing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_William_Newman" title="Francis William Newman">Francis William Newman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._E._O%27Callaghan" title="R. E. O'Callaghan">R. E. O'Callaghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Oldfield" title="Josiah Oldfield">Josiah Oldfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dean_Ornish" title="Dean Ornish">Dean Ornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_Ortt" title="Felix Ortt">Felix Ortt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_V._Pink" title="Cyril V. Pink">Cyril V. Pink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._C._Bhaktivedanta_Swami_Prabhupada" title="A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada">A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod_Preece" title="Rod Preece">Rod Preece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Rachels" title="James Rachels">James Rachels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulma_Doyle_Register" title="Ulma Doyle Register">Ulma Doyle Register</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Romanes" title="Kenneth Romanes">Kenneth Romanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rollo_Russell" title="Rollo Russell">Rollo Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Stephens_Salt" title="Henry Stephens Salt">Henry Stephens Salt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johan_Lindstr%C3%B6m_Saxon" title="Johan Lindström Saxon">Johan Lindström Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Scholefield_(Bible_Christian)" title="James Scholefield (Bible Christian)">James Scholefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_H._Schwartz" title="Richard H. Schwartz">Richard H. Schwartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._B._Shearn" title="W. B. Shearn">W. B. Shearn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Simpson_(Bible_Christian)" title="James Simpson (Bible Christian)">James Simpson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Lester_Smith" title="Ernest Lester Smith">Ernest Lester Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_O._Stephens" title="William O. Stephens">William O. Stephens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Stoddard" title="Alan Stoddard">Alan Stoddard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Thacher_Trall" title="Russell Thacher Trall">Russell Thacher Trall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Towgood" title="Frederick Towgood">Frederick Towgood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Trist" title="Sidney Trist">Sidney Trist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvalluvar" title="Thiruvalluvar">Valluvar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Weilsh%C3%A4user" title="Emil Weilshäuser">Emil Weilshäuser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_G._White" title="Ellen G. White">Ellen G. White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severin_Wielobycki" title="Severin Wielobycki">Severin Wielobycki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Williams_(humanitarian)" title="Howard Williams (humanitarian)">Howard Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Wokes" title="Frank Wokes">Frank Wokes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._A._Sibly" title="W. A. Sibly">W. A. Sibly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Wynne-Tyson" title="Jon Wynne-Tyson">Jon Wynne-Tyson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzachi_Zamir" title="Tzachi Zamir">Tzachi Zamir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Keen_Zolber" title="Kathleen Keen Zolber">Kathleen Keen Zolber</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chefs and<br />cookbook authors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pamela_Anderson" title="Pamela Anderson">Pamela Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nava_Atlas" title="Nava Atlas">Nava Atlas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayim_Bialik" title="Mayim Bialik">Mayim Bialik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carleigh_Bodrug" title="Carleigh Bodrug">Carleigh Bodrug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gypsy_Boots" title="Gypsy Boots">Gypsy Boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BOSH!" title="BOSH!">BOSH!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Brotherton" title="Martha Brotherton">Martha Brotherton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Espe_Brown" title="Edward Espe Brown">Edward Espe Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabitha_Brown_(actress)" title="Tabitha Brown (actress)">Tabitha Brown (actress)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzy_Amis_Cameron" title="Suzy Amis Cameron">Suzy Amis Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_Che" title="Hannah Che">Hannah Che</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinky_Cole" title="Pinky Cole">Pinky Cole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chloe_Coscarelli" title="Chloe Coscarelli">Chloe Coscarelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamuna_Devi" title="Yamuna Devi">Yamuna Devi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sue_Donaldson" title="Sue Donaldson">Sue Donaldson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crescent_Dragonwagon" title="Crescent Dragonwagon">Crescent Dragonwagon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Elliot" title="Rose Elliot">Rose Elliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rip_Esselstyn" title="Rip Esselstyn">Rip Esselstyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toni_Fiore" title="Toni Fiore">Toni Fiore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Lee_Flinders" title="Carol Lee Flinders">Carol Lee Flinders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_Gauthier" title="Alexis Gauthier">Alexis Gauthier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Gregory" title="Dick Gregory">Dick Gregory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richa_Hingle" title="Richa Hingle">Richa Hingle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhur_Jaffrey" title="Madhur Jaffrey">Madhur Jaffrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mollie_Katzen" title="Mollie Katzen">Mollie Katzen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Moore_Lapp%C3%A9" title="Frances Moore Lappé">Frances Moore Lappé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deborah_Madison" title="Deborah Madison">Deborah Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_McCartney" title="Linda McCartney">Linda McCartney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_McCartney" title="Mary McCartney">Mary McCartney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hetty_Lui_McKinnon" title="Hetty Lui McKinnon">Hetty Lui McKinnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracye_McQuirter" title="Tracye McQuirter">Tracye McQuirter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanne_Lee_Molinaro" title="Joanne Lee Molinaro">Joanne Lee Molinaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moosewood_Restaurant" title="Moosewood Restaurant">Moosewood Collective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charity_Morgan" title="Charity Morgan">Charity Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isa_Chandra_Moskowitz" title="Isa Chandra Moskowitz">Isa Chandra Moskowitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bawa_Muhaiyaddeen" title="Bawa Muhaiyaddeen">Bawa Muhaiyaddeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaz_Oakley" title="Gaz Oakley">Gaz Oakley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colleen_Patrick-Goudreau" title="Colleen Patrick-Goudreau">Colleen Patrick-Goudreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathew_Pritchard" title="Mathew Pritchard">Mathew Pritchard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Satchidananda_Saraswati" title="Swami Satchidananda Saraswati">Satchidananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derek_Sarno" title="Derek Sarno">Derek Sarno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miyoko_Schinner" title="Miyoko Schinner">Miyoko Schinner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alicia_Silverstone" title="Alicia Silverstone">Alicia Silverstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_Sunderani" title="Hannah Sunderani">Hannah Sunderani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryant_Terry" title="Bryant Terry">Bryant Terry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Thomas" title="Anna Thomas">Anna Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haile_Thomas" title="Haile Thomas">Haile Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauren_Toyota" title="Lauren Toyota">Lauren Toyota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeeca_Uy" title="Jeeca Uy">Jeeca Uy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umberto_Veronesi" title="Umberto Veronesi">Umberto Veronesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisha_Vora" title="Nisha Vora">Nisha Vora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Wakeman_(author)" title="Alan Wakeman (author)">Alan Wakeman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Yonan" title="Joe Yonan">Joe Yonan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Restaurants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ben_%26_Esther%27s_Vegan_Jewish_Deli" title="Ben & Esther's Vegan Jewish Deli">Ben & Esther's Vegan Jewish Deli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnaholic" title="Cinnaholic">Cinnaholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossroads_Kitchen" title="Crossroads Kitchen">Crossroads Kitchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Elephant_Vegetarian_Bistro" title="Green Elephant Vegetarian Bistro">Green Elephant Vegetarian Bistro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greens_Restaurant" title="Greens Restaurant">Greens Restaurant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiltl_Restaurant" title="Hiltl Restaurant">Hiltl Restaurant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Pine_(restaurant)" title="Little Pine (restaurant)">Little Pine (restaurant)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moosewood_Restaurant" title="Moosewood Restaurant">Moosewood Restaurant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purezza" title="Purezza">Purezza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slutty_Vegan" title="Slutty Vegan">Slutty Vegan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souley_Vegan" title="Souley Vegan">Souley Vegan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sound_Lounge,_London" title="The Sound Lounge, London">The Sound Lounge, London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veggie_Galaxy" title="Veggie Galaxy">Veggie Galaxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veggie_Grill" title="Veggie Grill">Veggie Grill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former restaurants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cranks_(restaurant)" title="Cranks (restaurant)">Cranks (restaurant)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_for_Thought_(restaurant)" title="Food for Thought (restaurant)">Food for Thought (restaurant)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InSpiral_Lounge" title="InSpiral Lounge">InSpiral Lounge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lentil_as_Anything" title="Lentil as Anything">Lentil as Anything</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minerva_Caf%C3%A9" title="Minerva Café">Minerva Café</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Riverside_Cafe" title="New Riverside Cafe">New Riverside Cafe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nix_(restaurant)" title="Nix (restaurant)">Nix (restaurant)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penny_Cafeteria" title="Penny Cafeteria">Penny Cafeteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink_Peacock" title="Pink Peacock">Pink Peacock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hollow_Reed" title="The Hollow Reed">The Hollow Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Pitman_Vegetarian_Hotel" title="The Pitman Vegetarian Hotel">The Pitman Vegetarian Hotel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_and_vegan_symbolism" title="Vegetarian and vegan symbolism">Vegetarian and vegan symbolism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juice_fasting" title="Juice fasting">Juice fasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_and_vegan_dog_diet" title="Vegetarian and vegan dog diet">Vegetarian and vegan dog diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegaphobia" title="Vegaphobia">Vegaphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant-based_diet" title="Plant-based diet">Plant-based diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant-based_action_plan" title="Plant-based action plan">Plant-based action plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_diet" title="Sustainable diet">Sustainable diet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Low-carbon_diet" title="Low-carbon diet">Low-carbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_health_diet" title="Planetary health diet">Planetary health</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flexitarianism" title="Flexitarianism">Flexitarianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pescetarianism" title="Pescetarianism">Pescetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollotarianism" title="Pollotarianism">Pollotarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Shurtleff" title="William Shurtleff">William Shurtleff</a> and <a href="/wiki/Akiko_Aoyagi" title="Akiko Aoyagi">Akiko Aoyagi</a> (The Book of Tofu)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Vegetarian_Society" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Vegetarian_Society" title="Template:Vegetarian Society"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Vegetarian_Society" title="Template talk:Vegetarian Society"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Vegetarian_Society" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Vegetarian Society"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Vegetarian_Society" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vegetarian Society</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Simpson_(Bible_Christian)" title="James Simpson (Bible Christian)">James Simpson</a> (1847–1849)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Harvey_(Bible_Christian)" title="William Harvey (Bible Christian)">William Harvey</a> (1849–1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Haughton_(reformer)" title="James Haughton (reformer)">James Haughton</a> (1870–1873)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_William_Newman" title="Francis William Newman">Francis William Newman</a> (1873–1884)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_E._B._Mayor" title="John E. B. Mayor">John E. B. Mayor</a> (1884–1910)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_E._A._Axon" title="William E. A. Axon">William E. A. Axon</a> (1911–1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Bell_(activist)" title="Ernest Bell (activist)">Ernest Bell</a> (1914–1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Freeman_(politician)" title="Peter Freeman (politician)">Peter Freeman</a> (1937–1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._A._Sibly" title="W. A. Sibly">W. A. Sibly</a> (1938–1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Latto_(doctor)" title="Gordon Latto (doctor)">Gordon Latto</a> (1960–1987)</li> <li>Isobel Wilson (1987–1989)</li> <li>Kathy Silk</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxwell_G._Lee" title="Maxwell G. Lee">Maxwell G. Lee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vice-Presidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Arnold" title="Edwin Arnold">Edwin Arnold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_J._Baillie" title="Edmund J. Baillie">Edmund J. Baillie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Holliday_Barker" title="Thomas Holliday Barker">T. H. Barker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Baty" title="Thomas Baty">Thomas Baty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Clark_(Bible_Christian)" title="James Clark (Bible Christian)">James Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Collier" title="Edwin Collier">Edwin Collier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._H._Collyns" title="C. H. Collyns">C. H. Collyns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Davie_(activist)" title="John Davie (activist)">John Davie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Dornbusch" title="George Dornbusch">George Dornbusch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Forward" title="Charles W. Forward">Charles W. Forward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Foxcroft" title="Peter Foxcroft">Peter Foxcroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Hare" title="Edward Hare">Edward Hare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hoyle_(temperance_reformer)" title="William Hoyle (temperance reformer)">William Hoyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Octavian_Hume" title="Allan Octavian Hume">A. O. Hume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Kingsford" title="Anna Kingsford">Anna Kingsford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Emily_Lutyens" title="Lady Emily Lutyens">Lady Emily Lutyens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Merrick" title="Frank Merrick">Frank Merrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Maitland_(writer)" title="Edward Maitland (writer)">Edward Maitland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Malcolm_(surgeon)" title="John Malcolm (surgeon)">John Malcolm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._J._Monk" title="W. J. Monk">W. J. Monk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Pitman" title="Isaac Pitman">Isaac Pitman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Stephens_Salt" title="Henry Stephens Salt">Henry Stephens Salt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percy_Scholes" title="Percy Scholes">Percy Scholes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dugald_Semple" title="Dugald Semple">Dugald Semple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgina_Cowper-Temple,_Lady_Mount_Temple" title="Georgina Cowper-Temple, Lady Mount Temple">Lady Mount Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._Gibson_Ward" title="W. Gibson Ward">W. Gibson Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Williams_(humanitarian)" title="Howard Williams (humanitarian)">Howard Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Dietetic_Reformer_and_Vegetarian_Messenger" class="mw-redirect" title="The Dietetic Reformer and Vegetarian Messenger">The Dietetic Reformer and Vegetarian Messenger</a></i> (1861–1897)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/What_is_Vegetarianism%3F" title="What is Vegetarianism?">What is Vegetarianism?</a></i> (1886)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shelley%27s_Vegetarianism" title="Shelley's Vegetarianism">Shelley's Vegetarianism</a></i> (1891)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcott_House" title="Alcott House">Alcott House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bible_Christian_Church_(vegetarian)" title="Bible Christian Church (vegetarian)">Bible Christian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Food_Reform_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="London Food Reform Society">London Food Reform Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Vegetarian_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="London Vegetarian Society">London Vegetarian Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Vegan_Society" title="The Vegan Society">The Vegan Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_Federal_Union" title="Vegetarian Federal Union">Vegetarian Federal Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Vegetarian_Society" title="Category:Vegetarian Society">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vegetarian_Society" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Vegetarian Society">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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