Africa :: Ethiopia — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency

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<ul class="sub_menu"> <li><a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/history.html">History</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/contributor_copyright.html">Copyright and Contributors</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/purchasing.html">Purchasing</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/didyouknow.html">Did You Know?</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/customer_comments.html">Customer Comments</a></li> </ul> </li> <li style="border-bottom: 2px solid #CCCCCC; "> <a href="javascript:void(0);" title="References">REFERENCES</a> <ul class="sub_menu"> <li><a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/refmaps.html">Regional and World Maps</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/flagsoftheworld.html">Flags of the World</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/gallery.html">Gallery of Covers</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html">Definitions and Notes</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/profileguide.html">Guide to Country Profiles</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/rankorderguide.html">Guide to Country Comparisons</a></li> </ul> </li> <li style="border-bottom: 2px solid #CCCCCC; "> <a href="javascript:void(0);" title="Appendices">APPENDICES</a> <ul class="sub_menu"> <li><a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/appendix/appendix-a.html">A: Abbreviations</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/appendix/appendix-b.html">B: International Organizations and Groups</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/appendix/appendix-c.html">C: Selected International Environmental Agreements</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/appendix/appendix-d.html">D: Cross-Reference List of Country Data Codes</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/appendix/appendix-e.html">E: Cross-Reference List of Hydrographic Data Codes</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/appendix/appendix-f.html">F: Cross-Reference List of Geographic Names</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/appendix/appendix-g.html">G: Weights and Measures</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="faqs" style="border-bottom: 2px solid #CCCCCC; "> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/faqs.html">FAQ<span style="text-transform:lowercase;">s</span></a> </li> <li id="contact" style="border-bottom: 2px solid #CCCCCC; "> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/contact-cia" title="Contact">CONTACT</a> </li> </ul>  </div>  <div class="lowband_dl"> <ul> <li class="low-band"> </li> </ul> </div> </div>  </div>  <div class="wfb-text-box"> <div id="geos_title" class="region1 geos_title afr_dark"> Africa <strong>::</strong> <span class="region_name1 countryName">Ethiopia</span> <span 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url(/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/afr_medium.jpg)"> Flag Description </div> <div class="photogallery_captiontext"> three equal horizontal bands of green (top), yellow, and red, with a yellow pentagram and single yellow rays emanating from the angles between the points on a light blue disk centered on the three bands; green represents hope and the fertility of the land, yellow symbolizes justice and harmony, while red stands for sacrifice and heroism in the defense of the land; the blue of the disk symbolizes peace and the pentagram represents the unity and equality of the nationalities and peoples of Ethiopia<p><strong>note:</strong> Ethiopia is the oldest independent country in Africa, and the three main colors of her flag (adopted ca. 1895) were so often appropriated by other African countries upon independence that they became known as the Pan-African colors; the emblem in the center of the current flag was added in 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class="region_name1 countryName">Ethiopia</span> </div> <div class="gallery-modal-map-holder"> <div class="gallery-mapBox"> <div id="myCarousel" class="carousel carousel-fade" data-ride="carousel" data-interval="false">  <div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox"> <div class="item active photo-all photo-" id="photo-item0"> <img src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/attachments/images/large/ET_001_large.jpg?1528323684" alt="At the top left, the capital city of Sudan, Khartoum, is located at the convergence of the Blue Nile and the White Nile. Although the Blue Nile is much shorter than the White Nile, it contributes about 80% of the flow of the river. The Dahlak Archipelago is seen off the Red Sea coast of Eritrea. Because of their isolation, the numerous coral reefs of the Dahlak Archipelago are some of the most pristine in the world. North of the Rift Valley, in central Ethiopia, are the Simien Mountains and Lake Tana. Lake Tana is the source of the Blue Nile. Photo courtesy of NASA."> <div class="galleria-counter" style="opacity: 1; transition: none 0s ease 0s ;"> <span class="galleria-current">1</span> / <span class="galleria-total">1</span> </div> <div class="carousel-caption"> <div class="photoInfo" style="background-image: url(/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/afr_medium.jpg)"> Caption </div> <div class="photogallery_captiontext" style="height:auto"> At the top left, the capital city of Sudan, Khartoum, is located at the convergence of the Blue Nile and the White Nile. Although the Blue Nile is much shorter than the White Nile, it contributes about 80% of the flow of the river. The Dahlak Archipelago is seen off the Red Sea coast of Eritrea. Because of their isolation, the numerous coral reefs of the Dahlak Archipelago are some of the most pristine in the world. North of the Rift Valley, in central Ethiopia, are the Simien Mountains and Lake Tana. Lake Tana is the source of the Blue Nile. Photo courtesy of NASA. </div> </div> <div class="carousel-photo-info"> <div class="photoInfo" style="background-image: url(/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/afr_medium.jpg)"> <div>Dimensions</div><div>File Size</div><div>Download</div> </div> <div class="photoInfo"> <div class="flag_description_text"> 500x494 </div> <div class="flag_description_text"> 77.7 KB </div> <div class="download_link"> <a title="Download" target="_blank" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/attachments/images/large/ET_001_large.jpg?1528323684">Download</a> <a title="Download" class="fa fa-download" target="_blank" aria-hidden="true" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/attachments/images/large/ET_001_large.jpg?1528323684"></a> </div> </div> <div class="photoInfo" style="background-image: 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id="nav-field-life-expectancy-at-birth"> <a href="#field-anchor-people-and-society-life-expectancy-at-birth">Life expectancy at birth</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-literacy"> <a href="#field-anchor-people-and-society-literacy">Literacy</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-major-infectious-diseases"> <a href="#field-anchor-people-and-society-major-infectious-diseases">Major infectious diseases</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-major-urban-areas-population"> <a href="#field-anchor-people-and-society-major-urban-areas-population">Major urban areas - population</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-maternal-mortality-rate"> <a href="#field-anchor-people-and-society-maternal-mortality-rate">Maternal mortality rate</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-median-age"> <a href="#field-anchor-people-and-society-median-age">Median age</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-mother-s-mean-age-at-first-birth"> <a href="#field-anchor-people-and-society-mother-s-mean-age-at-first-birth">Mother's mean age at first birth</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-nationality"> <a href="#field-anchor-people-and-society-nationality">Nationality</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-net-migration-rate"> <a href="#field-anchor-people-and-society-net-migration-rate">Net migration rate</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-obesity-adult-prevalence-rate"> <a href="#field-anchor-people-and-society-obesity-adult-prevalence-rate">Obesity - adult prevalence rate</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-physicians-density"> <a href="#field-anchor-people-and-society-physicians-density">Physicians density</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-population"> <a href="#field-anchor-people-and-society-population">Population</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-population-distribution"> <a href="#field-anchor-people-and-society-population-distribution">Population distribution</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-population-growth-rate"> <a href="#field-anchor-people-and-society-population-growth-rate">Population growth rate</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-religions"> <a href="#field-anchor-people-and-society-religions">Religions</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-sanitation-facility-access"> <a href="#field-anchor-people-and-society-sanitation-facility-access">Sanitation facility access</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-school-life-expectancy-primary-to-tertiary-education"> <a href="#field-anchor-people-and-society-school-life-expectancy-primary-to-tertiary-education">School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-sex-ratio"> <a href="#field-anchor-people-and-society-sex-ratio">Sex ratio</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-total-fertility-rate"> <a href="#field-anchor-people-and-society-total-fertility-rate">Total fertility rate</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-unemployment-youth-ages-15-24"> <a href="#field-anchor-people-and-society-unemployment-youth-ages-15-24">Unemployment, youth ages 15-24</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-urbanization"> <a href="#field-anchor-people-and-society-urbanization">Urbanization</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="category-item" id="nav-category-government"> <a href="#government-category-section-anchor">Government</a> <ul class="field-choices"> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-administrative-divisions"> <a href="#field-anchor-government-administrative-divisions">Administrative divisions</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-capital"> <a href="#field-anchor-government-capital">Capital</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-citizenship"> <a href="#field-anchor-government-citizenship">Citizenship</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-constitution"> <a href="#field-anchor-government-constitution">Constitution</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-country-name"> <a href="#field-anchor-government-country-name">Country name</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-diplomatic-representation-from-the-us"> <a href="#field-anchor-government-diplomatic-representation-from-the-us">Diplomatic representation from the US</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-diplomatic-representation-in-the-us"> <a href="#field-anchor-government-diplomatic-representation-in-the-us">Diplomatic representation in the US</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-executive-branch"> <a href="#field-anchor-government-executive-branch">Executive branch</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-flag-description"> <a href="#field-anchor-government-flag-description">Flag description</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-government-type"> <a href="#field-anchor-government-government-type">Government type</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-independence"> <a href="#field-anchor-government-independence">Independence</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-international-law-organization-participation"> <a href="#field-anchor-government-international-law-organization-participation">International law organization participation</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-international-organization-participation"> <a href="#field-anchor-government-international-organization-participation">International organization participation</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-judicial-branch"> <a href="#field-anchor-government-judicial-branch">Judicial branch</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-legal-system"> <a href="#field-anchor-government-legal-system">Legal system</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-legislative-branch"> <a href="#field-anchor-government-legislative-branch">Legislative branch</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-national-anthem"> <a href="#field-anchor-government-national-anthem">National anthem</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-national-holiday"> <a href="#field-anchor-government-national-holiday">National holiday</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-national-symbol-s"> <a href="#field-anchor-government-national-symbol-s">National symbol(s)</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-political-parties-and-leaders"> <a href="#field-anchor-government-political-parties-and-leaders">Political parties and leaders</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-suffrage"> <a href="#field-anchor-government-suffrage">Suffrage</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="category-item" id="nav-category-economy"> <a href="#economy-category-section-anchor">Economy</a> <ul class="field-choices"> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-agriculture-products"> <a href="#field-anchor-economy-agriculture-products">Agriculture - products</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-budget"> <a href="#field-anchor-economy-budget">Budget</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-budget-surplus-or-deficit"> <a href="#field-anchor-economy-budget-surplus-or-deficit">Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-central-bank-discount-rate"> <a href="#field-anchor-economy-central-bank-discount-rate">Central bank discount rate</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-commercial-bank-prime-lending-rate"> <a href="#field-anchor-economy-commercial-bank-prime-lending-rate">Commercial bank prime lending rate</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-current-account-balance"> <a href="#field-anchor-economy-current-account-balance">Current account balance</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-debt-external"> <a href="#field-anchor-economy-debt-external">Debt - external</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-distribution-of-family-income-gini-index"> <a href="#field-anchor-economy-distribution-of-family-income-gini-index">Distribution of family income - Gini index</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-economy-overview"> <a href="#field-anchor-economy-economy-overview">Economy - overview</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-exchange-rates"> <a href="#field-anchor-economy-exchange-rates">Exchange rates</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-exports"> <a href="#field-anchor-economy-exports">Exports</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-exports-commodities"> <a href="#field-anchor-economy-exports-commodities">Exports - commodities</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-exports-partners"> <a href="#field-anchor-economy-exports-partners">Exports - partners</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-fiscal-year"> <a href="#field-anchor-economy-fiscal-year">Fiscal year</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-gdp-composition-by-end-use"> <a href="#field-anchor-economy-gdp-composition-by-end-use">GDP - composition, by end use</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-gdp-composition-by-sector-of-origin"> <a href="#field-anchor-economy-gdp-composition-by-sector-of-origin">GDP - composition, by sector of origin</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-gdp-per-capita-ppp"> <a href="#field-anchor-economy-gdp-per-capita-ppp">GDP - per capita (PPP)</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-gdp-real-growth-rate"> <a href="#field-anchor-economy-gdp-real-growth-rate">GDP - real growth rate</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-gdp-official-exchange-rate"> <a href="#field-anchor-economy-gdp-official-exchange-rate">GDP (official exchange rate)</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-gdp-purchasing-power-parity"> <a href="#field-anchor-economy-gdp-purchasing-power-parity">GDP (purchasing power parity)</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-gross-national-saving"> <a href="#field-anchor-economy-gross-national-saving">Gross national saving</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-household-income-or-consumption-by-percentage-share"> <a href="#field-anchor-economy-household-income-or-consumption-by-percentage-share">Household income or consumption by percentage share</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-imports"> <a href="#field-anchor-economy-imports">Imports</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-imports-commodities"> <a href="#field-anchor-economy-imports-commodities">Imports - commodities</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-imports-partners"> <a href="#field-anchor-economy-imports-partners">Imports - partners</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-industrial-production-growth-rate"> <a href="#field-anchor-economy-industrial-production-growth-rate">Industrial production growth rate</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-industries"> <a href="#field-anchor-economy-industries">Industries</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-inflation-rate-consumer-prices"> <a href="#field-anchor-economy-inflation-rate-consumer-prices">Inflation rate (consumer prices)</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-labor-force"> <a href="#field-anchor-economy-labor-force">Labor force</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-labor-force-by-occupation"> <a href="#field-anchor-economy-labor-force-by-occupation">Labor force - by occupation</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-market-value-of-publicly-traded-shares"> <a href="#field-anchor-economy-market-value-of-publicly-traded-shares">Market value of publicly traded shares</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-population-below-poverty-line"> <a href="#field-anchor-economy-population-below-poverty-line">Population below poverty line</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-public-debt"> <a href="#field-anchor-economy-public-debt">Public debt</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-reserves-of-foreign-exchange-and-gold"> <a href="#field-anchor-economy-reserves-of-foreign-exchange-and-gold">Reserves of foreign exchange and gold</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-stock-of-broad-money"> <a href="#field-anchor-economy-stock-of-broad-money">Stock of broad money</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-stock-of-direct-foreign-investment-at-home"> <a href="#field-anchor-economy-stock-of-direct-foreign-investment-at-home">Stock of direct foreign investment - at home</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-stock-of-domestic-credit"> <a href="#field-anchor-economy-stock-of-domestic-credit">Stock of domestic credit</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-stock-of-narrow-money"> <a href="#field-anchor-economy-stock-of-narrow-money">Stock of narrow money</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-taxes-and-other-revenues"> <a href="#field-anchor-economy-taxes-and-other-revenues">Taxes and other revenues</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-unemployment-rate"> <a href="#field-anchor-economy-unemployment-rate">Unemployment rate</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="category-item" id="nav-category-energy"> <a href="#energy-category-section-anchor">Energy</a> <ul class="field-choices"> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-carbon-dioxide-emissions-from-consumption-of-energy"> <a href="#field-anchor-energy-carbon-dioxide-emissions-from-consumption-of-energy">Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-crude-oil-exports"> <a href="#field-anchor-energy-crude-oil-exports">Crude oil - exports</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-crude-oil-imports"> <a href="#field-anchor-energy-crude-oil-imports">Crude oil - imports</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-crude-oil-production"> <a href="#field-anchor-energy-crude-oil-production">Crude oil - production</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-crude-oil-proved-reserves"> <a href="#field-anchor-energy-crude-oil-proved-reserves">Crude oil - proved reserves</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-electricity-consumption"> <a href="#field-anchor-energy-electricity-consumption">Electricity - consumption</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-electricity-exports"> <a href="#field-anchor-energy-electricity-exports">Electricity - exports</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-electricity-from-fossil-fuels"> <a href="#field-anchor-energy-electricity-from-fossil-fuels">Electricity - from fossil fuels</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-electricity-from-hydroelectric-plants"> <a href="#field-anchor-energy-electricity-from-hydroelectric-plants">Electricity - from hydroelectric plants</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-electricity-from-nuclear-fuels"> <a href="#field-anchor-energy-electricity-from-nuclear-fuels">Electricity - from nuclear fuels</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-electricity-from-other-renewable-sources"> <a href="#field-anchor-energy-electricity-from-other-renewable-sources">Electricity - from other renewable sources</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-electricity-imports"> <a href="#field-anchor-energy-electricity-imports">Electricity - imports</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-electricity-installed-generating-capacity"> <a href="#field-anchor-energy-electricity-installed-generating-capacity">Electricity - installed generating capacity</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-electricity-production"> <a href="#field-anchor-energy-electricity-production">Electricity - production</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-electricity-access"> <a href="#field-anchor-energy-electricity-access">Electricity access</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-natural-gas-consumption"> <a href="#field-anchor-energy-natural-gas-consumption">Natural gas - consumption</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-natural-gas-exports"> <a href="#field-anchor-energy-natural-gas-exports">Natural gas - exports</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-natural-gas-imports"> <a href="#field-anchor-energy-natural-gas-imports">Natural gas - imports</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-natural-gas-production"> <a href="#field-anchor-energy-natural-gas-production">Natural gas - production</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-natural-gas-proved-reserves"> <a href="#field-anchor-energy-natural-gas-proved-reserves">Natural gas - proved reserves</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-refined-petroleum-products-consumption"> <a href="#field-anchor-energy-refined-petroleum-products-consumption">Refined petroleum products - consumption</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-refined-petroleum-products-exports"> <a href="#field-anchor-energy-refined-petroleum-products-exports">Refined petroleum products - exports</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-refined-petroleum-products-imports"> <a href="#field-anchor-energy-refined-petroleum-products-imports">Refined petroleum products - imports</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-refined-petroleum-products-production"> <a href="#field-anchor-energy-refined-petroleum-products-production">Refined petroleum products - production</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="category-item" id="nav-category-communications"> <a href="#communications-category-section-anchor">Communications</a> <ul class="field-choices"> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-broadband-fixed-subscriptions"> <a href="#field-anchor-communications-broadband-fixed-subscriptions">Broadband - fixed subscriptions</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-broadcast-media"> <a href="#field-anchor-communications-broadcast-media">Broadcast media</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-internet-country-code"> <a href="#field-anchor-communications-internet-country-code">Internet country code</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-internet-users"> <a href="#field-anchor-communications-internet-users">Internet users</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-telephone-system"> <a href="#field-anchor-communications-telephone-system">Telephone system</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-telephones-fixed-lines"> <a href="#field-anchor-communications-telephones-fixed-lines">Telephones - fixed lines</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-telephones-mobile-cellular"> <a href="#field-anchor-communications-telephones-mobile-cellular">Telephones - mobile cellular</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="category-item" id="nav-category-transportation"> <a href="#transportation-category-section-anchor">Transportation</a> <ul class="field-choices"> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-airports"> <a href="#field-anchor-transportation-airports">Airports</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-airports-with-paved-runways"> <a href="#field-anchor-transportation-airports-with-paved-runways">Airports - with paved runways</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-airports-with-unpaved-runways"> <a href="#field-anchor-transportation-airports-with-unpaved-runways">Airports - with unpaved runways</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-civil-aircraft-registration-country-code-prefix"> <a href="#field-anchor-transportation-civil-aircraft-registration-country-code-prefix">Civil aircraft registration country code prefix</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-merchant-marine"> <a href="#field-anchor-transportation-merchant-marine">Merchant marine</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-national-air-transport-system"> <a href="#field-anchor-transportation-national-air-transport-system">National air transport system</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-ports-and-terminals"> <a href="#field-anchor-transportation-ports-and-terminals">Ports and terminals</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-railways"> <a href="#field-anchor-transportation-railways">Railways</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-roadways"> <a href="#field-anchor-transportation-roadways">Roadways</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="category-item" id="nav-category-military-and-security"> <a href="#military-and-security-category-section-anchor">Military and Security</a> <ul class="field-choices"> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-military-branches"> <a href="#field-anchor-military-and-security-military-branches">Military branches</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-military-expenditures"> <a href="#field-anchor-military-and-security-military-expenditures">Military expenditures</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-military-service-age-and-obligation"> <a href="#field-anchor-military-and-security-military-service-age-and-obligation">Military service age and obligation</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="category-item" id="nav-category-terrorism"> <a href="#terrorism-category-section-anchor">Terrorism</a> <ul class="field-choices"> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-terrorist-groups-foreign-based"> <a href="#field-anchor-terrorism-terrorist-groups-foreign-based">Terrorist groups - foreign based</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-terrorist-groups-home-based"> <a href="#field-anchor-terrorism-terrorist-groups-home-based">Terrorist groups - home based</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="category-item" id="nav-category-transnational-issues"> <a href="#transnational-issues-category-section-anchor">Transnational Issues</a> <ul class="field-choices"> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-disputes-international"> <a href="#field-anchor-transnational-issues-disputes-international">Disputes - international</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-illicit-drugs"> <a href="#field-anchor-transnational-issues-illicit-drugs">Illicit drugs</a> </li> <li class="field-item" id="nav-field-refugees-and-internally-displaced-persons"> <a href="#field-anchor-transnational-issues-refugees-and-internally-displaced-persons">Refugees and internally displaced persons</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class="expandcollapse"> <li id="introduction-category-section-anchor"> <a href="#" class="tabHead"> <div class="question afr_med" sectiontitle="Introduction" ccode="et" style="border-bottom: 2px solid white;"> Introduction :: <span class="region">Ethiopia</span> </div> </a> </li> <li id="introduction-category-section"> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-introduction-background"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Background field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#325">Background</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry usually highlights major historic events and current issues and may include a statement about one or two key future trends. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/325.html#ET"><img alt="Background field listing" title="Background field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-background"> <div class="category_data subfield text"> Unique among African countries, the ancient Ethiopian monarchy maintained its freedom from colonial rule with the exception of a short-lived Italian occupation from 1936-41. In 1974, a military junta, the Derg, deposed Emperor Haile SELASSIE (who had ruled since 1930) and established a socialist state. Torn by bloody coups, uprisings, wide-scale drought, and massive refugee problems, the regime was finally toppled in 1991 by a coalition of rebel forces, the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front. A constitution was adopted in 1994, and Ethiopia's first multiparty elections were held in 1995. A border war with Eritrea in the late 1990s ended with a peace treaty in December 2000. In November 2007, the Eritrea-Ethiopia Border Commission (EEBC) issued specific coordinates as virtually demarcating the border and pronounced its work finished. Alleging that the EEBC acted beyond its mandate in issuing the coordinates, Ethiopia has not accepted them and has not withdrawn troops from previously contested areas pronounced by the EEBC as belonging to Eritrea. In August 2012, longtime leader Prime Minister MELES Zenawi died in office and was replaced by his Deputy Prime Minister HAILEMARIAM Desalegn, marking the first peaceful transition of power in decades. </div> </div> </li> <li id="geography-category-section-anchor"> <a href="#" class="tabHead"> <div class="question afr_med" sectiontitle="Geography" ccode="et" style="border-bottom: 2px solid white;"> Geography :: <span class="region">Ethiopia</span> </div> </a> </li> <li id="geography-category-section"> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-geography-location"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Location field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#276">Location</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry identifies the country's regional location, neighboring countries, and adjacent bodies of water. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/276.html#ET"><img alt="Location field listing" title="Location field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-location"> <div class="category_data subfield text"> Eastern Africa, west of Somalia </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-geography-geographic-coordinates"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Geographic coordinates field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#277">Geographic coordinates</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry includes rounded latitude and longitude figures for the centroid or center point of a country expressed in degrees and minutes; it is based on the locations provided in the Geographic Names Server (GNS), maintained by the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency on behalf of the US Board on Geographic Names. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/277.html#ET"><img alt="Geographic coordinates field listing" title="Geographic coordinates field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-geographic-coordinates"> <div class="category_data subfield text"> 8 00 N, 38 00 E </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-geography-map-references"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Map references field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#278">Map references</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry includes the name of the Factbook reference map on which a country may be found. Note that boundary representations on these maps are not necessarily authoritative. The entry on Geographic coordinates may be helpful in finding some smaller countries. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/278.html#ET"><img alt="Map references field listing" title="Map references field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-map-references"> <div class="category_data subfield text"> Africa </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-geography-area"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Area field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#279">Area</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry includes three subfields. Total area is the sum of all land and water areas delimited by international boundaries and/or coastlines. Land area is the aggregate of all surfaces delimited by international boundaries and/or coastlines, excluding inland water bodies (lakes, reservoirs, rivers). Water area is the sum of the surfaces of all inland water bodies, such as lakes, reservoirs, or rivers, as delimited by international boundaries and/or coastlines. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/279.html#ET"><img alt="Area field listing" title="Area field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-area"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">total:</span> <span class="subfield-number">1,104,300 sq km</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">land:</span> <span class="subfield-number">1 million sq km</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">water:</span> <span class="subfield-number">104,300 sq km</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> </div> <div> <span class="category">country comparison to the world:</span> <span class="category_data"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/279rank.html#ET">28</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-geography-area-comparative"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Area - comparative field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#280">Area - comparative</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry provides an area comparison based on total area equivalents. Most entities are compared with the entire US or one of the 50 states based on area measurements (1990 revised) provided by the US Bureau of the Census. The smaller entities are compared with Washington, DC (178 sq km, 69 sq mi) or The Mall in Washington, DC (0.59 sq km, 0.23 sq mi, 146 acres). </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/280.html#ET"><img alt="Area - comparative field listing" title="Area - comparative field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-area-comparative"> <div class="category_data subfield text"> slightly less than twice the size of Texas </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-geography-land-boundaries"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Land boundaries field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#281">Land boundaries</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry contains the total length of all land boundaries and the individual lengths for each of the contiguous border countries. When available, official lengths published by national statistical agencies are used. Because surveying methods may differ, country border lengths reported by contiguous countries may differ. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/281.html#ET"><img alt="Land boundaries field listing" title="Land boundaries field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-land-boundaries"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">total:</span> <span class="subfield-number">5,925 km</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield text"> <span class="subfield-name">border countries (6):</span> Djibouti 342 km, Eritrea 1033 km, Kenya 867 km, Somalia 1640 km, South Sudan 1299 km, Sudan 744 km </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-geography-coastline"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Coastline field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#282">Coastline</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry gives the total length of the boundary between the land area (including islands) and the sea. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/282.html#ET"><img alt="Coastline field listing" title="Coastline field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-coastline"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-number">0 km</span> <span class="subfield-note">(landlocked)</span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-geography-maritime-claims"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Maritime claims field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#283">Maritime claims</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry includes the following claims, the definitions of which are excerpted from the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), which alone contains the full and definitive descriptions: territorial sea - the sovereignty of a coastal state extends beyond its land territory and internal waters to an adjacent belt of sea, described as the territorial sea in the UNCLOS (Part II); this sovereignty extends to the air space over the territorial sea as well as its . . . <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#283">more</a> </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/283.html#ET"><img alt="Maritime claims field listing" title="Maritime claims field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-maritime-claims"> <div class="category_data note"> none (landlocked) </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-geography-climate"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Climate field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#284">Climate</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry includes a brief description of typical weather regimes throughout the year. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/284.html#ET"><img alt="Climate field listing" title="Climate field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-climate"> <div class="category_data subfield text"> tropical monsoon with wide topographic-induced variation </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-geography-terrain"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Terrain field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#285">Terrain</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry contains a brief description of the topography. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/285.html#ET"><img alt="Terrain field listing" title="Terrain field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-terrain"> <div class="category_data subfield text"> high plateau with central mountain range divided by Great Rift Valley </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-geography-elevation"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Elevation field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#286">Elevation</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry includes both the mean elevation and the elevation extremes. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/286.html#ET"><img alt="Elevation field listing" title="Elevation field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-elevation"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">mean elevation:</span> <span class="subfield-number">1,330 m</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">elevation extremes:</span> <span class="subfield-number">-125 m</span> <span class="subfield-note">lowest point: Danakil Depression</span> </div> <div class="category_data note"> 4550 highest point: Ras Dejen </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-geography-natural-resources"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Natural resources field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#287">Natural resources</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry lists a country's mineral, petroleum, hydropower, and other resources of commercial importance, such as rare earth elements (REEs). In general, products appear only if they make a significant contribution to the economy, or are likely to do so in the future. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/287.html#ET"><img alt="Natural resources field listing" title="Natural resources field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-natural-resources"> <div class="category_data subfield text"> small reserves of gold, platinum, copper, potash, natural gas, hydropower </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-geography-land-use"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Land use field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#288">Land use</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry contains the percentage shares of total land area for three different types of land use: agricultural land, forest, and other; agricultural land is further divided into arable land - land cultivated for crops like wheat, maize, and rice that are replanted after each harvest, permanent crops - land cultivated for crops like citrus, coffee, and rubber that are not replanted after each harvest, and includes land under flowering shrubs, fruit trees, nut trees, and vines, and permane . . . <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#288">more</a> </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/288.html#ET"><img alt="Land use field listing" title="Land use field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-land-use"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">agricultural land:</span> <span class="subfield-number">36.3%</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2011">(2011 est.)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield grouped_subfield"> <span class="subfield-name">arable land:</span> <span class="subfield-number">15.2%</span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2011">(2011 est.)</span> / <span class="subfield-name">permanent crops:</span> <span class="subfield-number">1.1%</span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2011">(2011 est.)</span> / <span class="subfield-name">permanent pasture:</span> <span class="subfield-number">20%</span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2011">(2011 est.)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">forest:</span> <span class="subfield-number">12.2%</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2011">(2011 est.)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">other:</span> <span class="subfield-number">51.5%</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2011">(2011 est.)</span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-geography-irrigated-land"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Irrigated land field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#289">Irrigated land</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry gives the number of square kilometers of land area that is artificially supplied with water. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/289.html#ET"><img alt="Irrigated land field listing" title="Irrigated land field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-irrigated-land"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-number">2,900 sq km</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2012">(2012)</span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-geography-population-distribution"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Population distribution field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#348">Population distribution</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry provides a summary description of the population dispersion within a country. While it may suggest population density, it does not provide density figures. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/348.html#ET"><img alt="Population distribution field listing" title="Population distribution field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-population-distribution"> <div class="category_data subfield text"> highest density is found in the highlands of the north and middle areas of the country, particularly around the centrally located capital city of Addis Ababa; the far east and southeast are sparsely populated </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-geography-natural-hazards"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Natural hazards field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#292">Natural hazards</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry lists potential natural disasters. For countries where volcanic activity is common, a volcanism subfield highlights historically active volcanoes. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/292.html#ET"><img alt="Natural hazards field listing" title="Natural hazards field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-natural-hazards"> <div class="category_data subfield text"> <p>geologically active Great Rift Valley susceptible to earthquakes, volcanic eruptions; frequent droughts</p><p><strong>volcanism:</strong> volcanic activity in the Great Rift Valley; Erta Ale (613 m), which has caused frequent lava flows in recent years, is the country's most active volcano; Dabbahu became active in 2005, forcing evacuations; other historically active volcanoes include Alayta, Dalaffilla, Dallol, Dama Ali, Fentale, Kone, Manda Hararo, and Manda-Inakir</p> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-geography-environment-current-issues"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Environment - current issues field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#293">Environment - current issues</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry lists the most pressing and important environmental problems. The following terms and abbreviations are used throughout the entry: Acidification - the lowering of soil and water pH due to acid precipitation and deposition usually through precipitation; this process disrupts ecosystem nutrient flows and may kill freshwater fish and plants dependent on more neutral or alkaline conditions (see acid rain). Acid rain - characterized as containing harmful levels of sulfur dioxi . . . <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#293">more</a> </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/293.html#ET"><img alt="Environment - current issues field listing" title="Environment - current issues field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-environment-current-issues"> <div class="category_data subfield text"> deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; loss of biodiversity; water shortages in some areas from water-intensive farming and poor management; industrial pollution and pesticides contribute to air, water, and soil pollution </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-geography-environment-international-agreements"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Environment - international agreements field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#294">Environment - international agreements</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry separates country participation in international environmental agreements into two levels - party to and signed, but not ratified. Agreements are listed in alphabetical order by the abbreviated form of the full name. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/294.html#ET"><img alt="Environment - international agreements field listing" title="Environment - international agreements field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-environment-international-agreements"> <div class="category_data subfield text"> <span class="subfield-name">party to:</span> Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection </div> <div class="category_data subfield text"> <span class="subfield-name">signed, but not ratified:</span> Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-geography-geography-note"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Geography - note field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#295">Geography - note</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry includes miscellaneous geographic information of significance not included elsewhere. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/295.html#ET"><img alt="Geography - note field listing" title="Geography - note field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-geography-note"> <div class="category_data subfield text"> landlocked - entire coastline along the Red Sea was lost with the de jure independence of Eritrea on 24 May 1993; Ethiopia is, therefore, the most populous landlocked country in the world; the Blue Nile, the chief headstream of the Nile by water volume, rises in T'ana Hayk (Lake Tana) in northwest Ethiopia; three major crops are believed to have originated in Ethiopia: coffee, grain sorghum, and castor bean </div> </div> </li> <li id="people-and-society-category-section-anchor"> <a href="#" class="tabHead"> <div class="question afr_med" sectiontitle="People and Society" ccode="et" style="border-bottom: 2px solid white;"> People and Society :: <span class="region">Ethiopia</span> </div> </a> </li> <li id="people-and-society-category-section"> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-people-and-society-population"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Population field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#335">Population</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry gives an estimate from the US Bureau of the Census based on statistics from population censuses, vital statistics registration systems, or sample surveys pertaining to the recent past and on assumptions about future trends. The total population presents one overall measure of the potential impact of the country on the world and within its region. Note: Starting with the 1993 Factbook, demographic estimates for some countries (mostly African) have explicitly taken into account t . . . <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#335">more</a> </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/335.html#ET"><img alt="Population field listing" title="Population field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-population"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-number">108,386,391</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: July 2018">(July 2018 est.)</span> </div> <div class="category_data note"> <p><strong>note:</strong> estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected</p> </div> <div> <span class="category">country comparison to the world:</span> <span class="category_data"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/335rank.html#ET">12</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-people-and-society-nationality"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Nationality field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#336">Nationality</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry provides the identifying terms for citizens - noun and adjective. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/336.html#ET"><img alt="Nationality field listing" title="Nationality field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-nationality"> <div class="category_data subfield text"> <span class="subfield-name">noun:</span> Ethiopian(s) </div> <div class="category_data subfield text"> <span class="subfield-name">adjective:</span> Ethiopian </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-people-and-society-ethnic-groups"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Ethnic groups field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#400">Ethnic groups</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry provides an ordered listing of ethnic groups starting with the largest and normally includes the percent of total population. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/400.html#ET"><img alt="Ethnic groups field listing" title="Ethnic groups field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-ethnic-groups"> <div class="category_data subfield text"> Oromo 34.4%, Amhara (Amara) 27%, Somali (Somalie) 6.2%, Tigray (Tigrinya) 6.1%, Sidama 4%, Gurage 2.5%, Welaita 2.3%, Hadiya 1.7%, Afar (Affar) 1.7%, Gamo 1.5%, Gedeo 1.3%, Silte 1.3%, Kefficho 1.2%, other 8.8% <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2007 est.">(2007 est.)</span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-people-and-society-languages"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Languages field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#402">Languages</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry provides a listing of languages spoken in each country and specifies any that are official national or regional languages. When data is available, the languages spoken in each country are broken down according to the percent of the total population speaking each language as a first language. For those countries without available data, languages are listed in rank order based on prevalence, starting with the most-spoken language. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/402.html#ET"><img alt="Languages field listing" title="Languages field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-languages"> <div class="category_data subfield text"> Oromo (official working language in the State of Oromiya) 33.8%, Amharic (official national language) 29.3%, Somali (official working language of the State of Sumale) 6.2%, Tigrigna (Tigrinya) (official working language of the State of Tigray) 5.9%, Sidamo 4%, Wolaytta 2.2%, Gurage 2%, Afar (official working language of the State of Afar) 1.7%, Hadiyya 1.7%, Gamo 1.5%, Gedeo 1.3%, Opuuo 1.2%, Kafa 1.1%, other 8.1%, English (major foreign language taught in schools), Arabic <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2007 est.">(2007 est.)</span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-people-and-society-religions"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Religions field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#401">Religions</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry is an ordered listing of religions by adherents starting with the largest group and sometimes includes the percent of total population. The core characteristics and beliefs of the world's major religions are described below. Baha'i - Founded by Mirza Husayn-Ali (known as Baha'u'llah) in Iran in 1852, Baha'i faith emphasizes monotheism and believes in one eternal transcendent God. Its guiding focus is to encourage the unity of all peoples on the earth so that justice and peace m . . . <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#401">more</a> </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/401.html#ET"><img alt="Religions field listing" title="Religions field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-religions"> <div class="category_data subfield text"> Ethiopian Orthodox 43.5%, Muslim 33.9%, Protestant 18.5%, traditional 2.7%, Catholic 0.7%, other 0.6% <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2007 est.">(2007 est.)</span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-people-and-society-demographic-profile"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Demographic profile field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#340">Demographic profile</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry describes a country’s key demographic features and trends and how they vary among regional, ethnic, and socioeconomic sub-populations. Some of the topics addressed are population age structure, fertility, health, mortality, poverty, education, and migration. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/340.html#ET"><img alt="Demographic profile field listing" title="Demographic profile field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-demographic-profile"> <div class="category_data subfield text"> <p>Ethiopia is a predominantly agricultural country – more than 80% of the population lives in rural areas – that is in the early stages of demographic transition. Infant, child, and maternal mortality have fallen sharply over the past decade, but the total fertility rate has declined more slowly and the population continues to grow. The rising age of marriage and the increasing proportion of women remaining single have contributed to fertility reduction. While the use of modern contraceptive methods among married women has increased significantly from 6 percent in 2000 to 27 percent in 2012, the overall rate is still quite low.</p><p>Ethiopia’s rapid population growth is putting increasing pressure on land resources, expanding environmental degradation, and raising vulnerability to food shortages. With more than 40 percent of the population below the age of 15 and a fertility rate of over 5 children per woman (and even higher in rural areas), Ethiopia will have to make further progress in meeting its family planning needs if it is to achieve the age structure necessary for reaping a demographic dividend in the coming decades.</p><p>Poverty, drought, political repression, and forced government resettlement have driven Ethiopia’s internal and external migration since the 1960s. Before the 1974 revolution, only small numbers of the Ethiopian elite went abroad to study and then returned home, but under the brutal Derg regime thousands fled the country, primarily as refugees. Between 1982 and 1991 there was a new wave of migration to the West for family reunification. Since the defeat of the Derg in 1991, Ethiopians have migrated to escape violence among some of the country’s myriad ethnic groups or to pursue economic opportunities. Internal and international trafficking of women and children for domestic work and prostitution is a growing problem.</p> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-people-and-society-age-structure"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Age structure field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#341">Age structure</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry provides the distribution of the population according to age. Information is included by sex and age group as follows: 0-14 years (children), 15-24 years (early working age), 25-54 years (prime working age), 55-64 years (mature working age), 65 years and over (elderly). The age structure of a population affects a nation's key socioeconomic issues. Countries with young populations (high percentage under age 15) need to invest more in schools, while countries with older population . . . <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#341">more</a> </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/341.html#ET"><img alt="Age structure field listing" title="Age structure field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-age-structure"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">0-14 years:</span> <span class="subfield-number">43.21%</span> <span class="subfield-note">(male 23,494,593 /female 23,336,508)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">15-24 years:</span> <span class="subfield-number">20.18%</span> <span class="subfield-note">(male 10,857,968 /female 11,011,100)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">25-54 years:</span> <span class="subfield-number">29.73%</span> <span class="subfield-note">(male 15,978,384 /female 16,247,086)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">55-64 years:</span> <span class="subfield-number">3.92%</span> <span class="subfield-note">(male 2,059,129 /female 2,185,814)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">65 years and over:</span> <span class="subfield-number">2.97%</span> <span class="subfield-note">(male 1,445,547 /female 1,770,262)</span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2018">(2018 est.)</span> </div> <div class="category_data attachment"> <span class="subfield-name">population pyramid:</span> <a data-toggle="modal" href="#imageModal3645" class="category_image_link"> <img alt="population pyramid" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/attachments/images/thumb/ET_popgraph.bmp?1538604948"/> </a> <div class="modal fade cntryModal" id="imageModal3645" role="dialog" aria-label="modal dialog used to display image(s) associated with a field" aria-labelledby="imageModalLabel"> <div class="wfb-modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="wfb-modal-header"> <span class="modal-title wfb-title">The World Factbook</span> <span class="sr-only" id="imageModalLabel">Field Image Modal</span> <span style="float: right; margin-top: -4px;"> <button type="button" class="close" title="close" data-dismiss="modal">×</button> </span> </div> <div class="wfb-modal-body"> <div class="region1 geos_title afr_dark"> Africa <strong>::</strong> <span class="region_name1 countryName">Ethiopia</span> <span class="btn-print"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/attachments/images/large/ET_popgraph.bmp?1538604948"> <i class="fa fa-print" aria-hidden="true"></i> <span class="sr-only">Print</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="afr_bkgrnd"> <div class="modalImageBox"> <img class="afr_lgflagborder" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/attachments/images/large/ET_popgraph.bmp?1538604948" alt="population pyramid"> </div> <div class="modalImageDesc"> <div class="header" style="background-image: url(/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/afr_medium.jpg)"> Image Description </div> <div class="photogallery_captiontext"> This is the population pyramid for Ethiopia. A population pyramid illustrates the age and sex structure of a country's population and may provide insights about political and social stability, as well as economic development. The population is distributed along the horizontal axis, with males shown on the left and females on the right. The male and female populations are broken down into 5-year age groups represented as horizontal bars along the vertical axis, with the youngest age groups at the bottom and the oldest at the top. The shape of the population pyramid gradually evolves over time based on fertility, mortality, and international migration trends. <br/><br/>For additional information, please see the entry for Population pyramid on the Definitions and Notes page under the References tab. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-people-and-society-dependency-ratios"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Dependency ratios field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#342">Dependency ratios</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> Dependency ratios are a measure of the age structure of a population. They relate the number of individuals that are likely to be economically "dependent" on the support of others. Dependency ratios contrast the ratio of youths (ages 0-14) and the elderly (ages 65+) to the number of those in the working-age group (ages 15-64). Changes in the dependency ratio provide an indication of potential social support requirements resulting from changes in population age structures. As fertility lev . . . <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#342">more</a> </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/342.html#ET"><img alt="Dependency ratios field listing" title="Dependency ratios field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-dependency-ratios"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">total dependency ratio:</span> <span class="subfield-number">82.1</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2015">(2015 est.)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">youth dependency ratio:</span> <span class="subfield-number">75.8</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2015">(2015 est.)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">elderly dependency ratio:</span> <span class="subfield-number">6.3</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2015">(2015 est.)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">potential support ratio:</span> <span class="subfield-number">15.8</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2015">(2015 est.)</span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-people-and-society-median-age"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Median age field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#343">Median age</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry is the age that divides a population into two numerically equal groups; that is, half the people are younger than this age and half are older. It is a single index that summarizes the age distribution of a population. Currently, the median age ranges from a low of about 15 in Niger and Uganda to 40 or more in several European countries and Japan. See the entry for "Age structure" for the importance of a young versus an older age structure and, by implication, a low versus a high . . . <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#343">more</a> </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/343.html#ET"><img alt="Median age field listing" title="Median age field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-median-age"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">total:</span> <span class="subfield-number">18 years</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">male:</span> <span class="subfield-number">17.8 years</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">female:</span> <span class="subfield-number">18.2 years</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2018">(2018 est.)</span> </div> <div> <span class="category">country comparison to the world:</span> <span class="category_data"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/343rank.html#ET">213</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-people-and-society-population-growth-rate"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Population growth rate field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#344">Population growth rate</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> The average annual percent change in the population, resulting from a surplus (or deficit) of births over deaths and the balance of migrants entering and leaving a country. The rate may be positive or negative. The growth rate is a factor in determining how great a burden would be imposed on a country by the changing needs of its people for infrastructure (e.g., schools, hospitals, housing, roads), resources (e.g., food, water, electricity), and jobs. Rapid population growth can be seen as . . . <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#344">more</a> </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/344.html#ET"><img alt="Population growth rate field listing" title="Population growth rate field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-population-growth-rate"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-number">2.83%</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2018">(2018 est.)</span> </div> <div> <span class="category">country comparison to the world:</span> <span class="category_data"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/344rank.html#ET">11</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-people-and-society-birth-rate"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Birth rate field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#345">Birth rate</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry gives the average annual number of births during a year per 1,000 persons in the population at midyear; also known as crude birth rate. The birth rate is usually the dominant factor in determining the rate of population growth. It depends on both the level of fertility and the age structure of the population. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/345.html#ET"><img alt="Birth rate field listing" title="Birth rate field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-birth-rate"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-number">36 births/1,000 population</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2018">(2018 est.)</span> </div> <div> <span class="category">country comparison to the world:</span> <span class="category_data"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/345rank.html#ET">17</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-people-and-society-death-rate"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Death rate field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#346">Death rate</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry gives the average annual number of deaths during a year per 1,000 population at midyear; also known as crude death rate. The death rate, while only a rough indicator of the mortality situation in a country, accurately indicates the current mortality impact on population growth. This indicator is significantly affected by age distribution, and most countries will eventually show a rise in the overall death rate, in spite of continued decline in mortality at all ages, as declining . . . <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#346">more</a> </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/346.html#ET"><img alt="Death rate field listing" title="Death rate field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-death-rate"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-number">7.5 deaths/1,000 population</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2018">(2018 est.)</span> </div> <div> <span class="category">country comparison to the world:</span> <span class="category_data"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/346rank.html#ET">110</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-people-and-society-net-migration-rate"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Net migration rate field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#347">Net migration rate</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry includes the figure for the difference between the number of persons entering and leaving a country during the year per 1,000 persons (based on midyear population). An excess of persons entering the country is referred to as net immigration (e.g., 3.56 migrants/1,000 population); an excess of persons leaving the country as net emigration (e.g., -9.26 migrants/1,000 population). The net migration rate indicates the contribution of migration to the overall level of population chan . . . <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#347">more</a> </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/347.html#ET"><img alt="Net migration rate field listing" title="Net migration rate field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-net-migration-rate"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-number">-0.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2017">(2017 est.)</span> </div> <div> <span class="category">country comparison to the world:</span> <span class="category_data"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/347rank.html#ET">107</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-people-and-society-population-distribution"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Population distribution field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#348">Population distribution</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry provides a summary description of the population dispersion within a country. While it may suggest population density, it does not provide density figures. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/348.html#ET"><img alt="Population distribution field listing" title="Population distribution field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-population-distribution"> <div class="category_data subfield text"> highest density is found in the highlands of the north and middle areas of the country, particularly around the centrally located capital city of Addis Ababa; the far east and southeast are sparsely populated </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-people-and-society-urbanization"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Urbanization field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#349">Urbanization</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry provides two measures of the degree of urbanization of a population. The first, urban population, describes the percentage of the total population living in urban areas, as defined by the country. The second, rate of urbanization, describes the projected average rate of change of the size of the urban population over the given period of time. Additionally, the World entry includes a list of the ten largest urban agglomerations. An urban agglomeration is defined as comprising th . . . <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#349">more</a> </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/349.html#ET"><img alt="Urbanization field listing" title="Urbanization field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-urbanization"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">urban population:</span> <span class="subfield-number">20.8% of total population</span> <span class="subfield-note">(2018)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">rate of urbanization:</span> <span class="subfield-number">4.63% annual rate of change</span> <span class="subfield-note">(2015-20 est.)</span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-people-and-society-major-urban-areas-population"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Major urban areas - population field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#350">Major urban areas - population</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry provides the population of the capital and up to six major cities defined as urban agglomerations with populations of at least 750,000 people. An urban agglomeration is defined as comprising the city or town proper and also the suburban fringe or thickly settled territory lying outside of, but adjacent to, the boundaries of the city. For smaller countries, lacking urban centers of 750,000 or more, only the population of the capital is presented. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/350.html#ET"><img alt="Major urban areas - population field listing" title="Major urban areas - population field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-major-urban-areas-population"> <div class="category_data subfield text"> 4.4 million ADDIS ABABA (capital) <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2018">(2018)</span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-people-and-society-sex-ratio"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Sex ratio field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#351">Sex ratio</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry includes the number of males for each female in five age groups - at birth, under 15 years, 15-64 years, 65 years and over, and for the total population. Sex ratio at birth has recently emerged as an indicator of certain kinds of sex discrimination in some countries. For instance, high sex ratios at birth in some Asian countries are now attributed to sex-selective abortion and infanticide due to a strong preference for sons. This will affect future marriage patterns and fertilit . . . <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#351">more</a> </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/351.html#ET"><img alt="Sex ratio field listing" title="Sex ratio field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-sex-ratio"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">at birth:</span> <span class="subfield-number">1.02 male(s)/female</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2017">(2017 est.)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">0-14 years:</span> <span class="subfield-number">1.01 male(s)/female</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2017">(2017 est.)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">15-24 years:</span> <span class="subfield-number">0.99 male(s)/female</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2017">(2017 est.)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">25-54 years:</span> <span class="subfield-number">0.99 male(s)/female</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2017">(2017 est.)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">55-64 years:</span> <span class="subfield-number">0.95 male(s)/female</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2017">(2017 est.)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">65 years and over:</span> <span class="subfield-number">0.82 male(s)/female</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2017">(2017 est.)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">total population:</span> <span class="subfield-number">0.99 male(s)/female</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2017">(2017 est.)</span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-people-and-society-mother-s-mean-age-at-first-birth"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Mother's mean age at first birth field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#352">Mother's mean age at first birth</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry provides the mean (average) age of mothers at the birth of their first child. It is a useful indicator for gauging the success of family planning programs aiming to reduce maternal mortality, increase contraceptive use – particularly among married and unmarried adolescents – delay age at first marriage, and improve the health of newborns. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/352.html#ET"><img alt="Mother's mean age at first birth field listing" title="Mother's mean age at first birth field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-mother-s-mean-age-at-first-birth"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-number">20 years</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2016">(2016 est.)</span> </div> <div class="category_data note"> <p><strong>note:</strong> median age at first birth among women 25-29</p> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-people-and-society-maternal-mortality-rate"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Maternal mortality rate field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#353">Maternal mortality rate</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> The maternal mortality rate (MMR) is the annual number of female deaths per 100,000 live births from any cause related to or aggravated by pregnancy or its management (excluding accidental or incidental causes). The MMR includes deaths during pregnancy, childbirth, or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and site of the pregnancy, for a specified year. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/353.html#ET"><img alt="Maternal mortality rate field listing" title="Maternal mortality rate field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-maternal-mortality-rate"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-number">353 deaths/100,000 live births</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2015">(2015 est.)</span> </div> <div> <span class="category">country comparison to the world:</span> <span class="category_data"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/353rank.html#ET">34</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-people-and-society-infant-mortality-rate"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Infant mortality rate field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#354">Infant mortality rate</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry gives the number of deaths of infants under one year old in a given year per 1,000 live births in the same year. This rate is often used as an indicator of the level of health in a country. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/354.html#ET"><img alt="Infant mortality rate field listing" title="Infant mortality rate field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-infant-mortality-rate"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">total:</span> <span class="subfield-number">48.3 deaths/1,000 live births</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2018">(2018 est.)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">male:</span> <span class="subfield-number">55.3 deaths/1,000 live births</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2018">(2018 est.)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">female:</span> <span class="subfield-number">41 deaths/1,000 live births</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2018">(2018 est.)</span> </div> <div> <span class="category">country comparison to the world:</span> <span class="category_data"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/354rank.html#ET">31</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-people-and-society-life-expectancy-at-birth"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Life expectancy at birth field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#355">Life expectancy at birth</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry contains the average number of years to be lived by a group of people born in the same year, if mortality at each age remains constant in the future. Life expectancy at birth is also a measure of overall quality of life in a country and summarizes the mortality at all ages. It can also be thought of as indicating the potential return on investment in human capital and is necessary for the calculation of various actuarial measures. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/355.html#ET"><img alt="Life expectancy at birth field listing" title="Life expectancy at birth field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-life-expectancy-at-birth"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">total population:</span> <span class="subfield-number">63 years</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">male:</span> <span class="subfield-number">60.5 years</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">female:</span> <span class="subfield-number">65.5 years</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2018">(2018 est.)</span> </div> <div> <span class="category">country comparison to the world:</span> <span class="category_data"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/355rank.html#ET">197</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-people-and-society-total-fertility-rate"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Total fertility rate field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#356">Total fertility rate</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry gives a figure for the average number of children that would be born per woman if all women lived to the end of their childbearing years and bore children according to a given fertility rate at each age. The total fertility rate (TFR) is a more direct measure of the level of fertility than the crude birth rate, since it refers to births per woman. This indicator shows the potential for population change in the country. A rate of two children per woman is considered the replaceme . . . <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#356">more</a> </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/356.html#ET"><img alt="Total fertility rate field listing" title="Total fertility rate field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-total-fertility-rate"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-number">4.91 children born/woman</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2018">(2018 est.)</span> </div> <div> <span class="category">country comparison to the world:</span> <span class="category_data"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/356rank.html#ET">15</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-people-and-society-contraceptive-prevalence-rate"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Contraceptive prevalence rate field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#357">Contraceptive prevalence rate</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This field gives the percent of women of reproductive age (15-49) who are married or in union and are using, or whose sexual partner is using, a method of contraception according to the date of the most recent available data. The contraceptive prevalence rate is an indicator of health services, development, and women’s empowerment. It is also useful in understanding, past, present, and future fertility trends, especially in developing countries. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/357.html#ET"><img alt="Contraceptive prevalence rate field listing" title="Contraceptive prevalence rate field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-contraceptive-prevalence-rate"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-number">36.5%</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2017">(2017)</span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-people-and-society-health-expenditures"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Health expenditures field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#358">Health expenditures</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry provides the total expenditure on health as a percentage of GDP. Health expenditures are broadly defined as activities performed either by institutions or individuals through the application of medical, paramedical, and/or nursing knowledge and technology, the primary purpose of which is to promote, restore, or maintain health. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/358.html#ET"><img alt="Health expenditures field listing" title="Health expenditures field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-health-expenditures"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-number">4.9% of GDP</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2014">(2014)</span> </div> <div> <span class="category">country comparison to the world:</span> <span class="category_data"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/358rank.html#ET">144</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-people-and-society-physicians-density"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Physicians density field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#359">Physicians density</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry gives the number of medical doctors (physicians), including generalist and specialist medical practitioners, per 1,000 of the population. Medical doctors are defined as doctors that study, diagnose, treat, and prevent illness, disease, injury, and other physical and mental impairments in humans through the application of modern medicine. They also plan, supervise, and evaluate care and treatment plans by other health care providers. The World Health Organization estimates that f . . . <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#359">more</a> </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/359.html#ET"><img alt="Physicians density field listing" title="Physicians density field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-physicians-density"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-number">0.03 physicians/1,000 population</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2009">(2009)</span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-people-and-society-hospital-bed-density"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Hospital bed density field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#360">Hospital bed density</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry provides the number of hospital beds per 1,000 people; it serves as a general measure of inpatient service availability. Hospital beds include inpatient beds available in public, private, general, and specialized hospitals and rehabilitation centers. In most cases, beds for both acute and chronic care are included. Because the level of inpatient services required for individual countries depends on several factors - such as demographic issues and the burden of disease - there is . . . <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#360">more</a> </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/360.html#ET"><img alt="Hospital bed density field listing" title="Hospital bed density field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-hospital-bed-density"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-number">0.3 beds/1,000 population</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2015">(2015)</span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-people-and-society-drinking-water-source"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Drinking water source field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#361">Drinking water source</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry provides information about access to improved or unimproved drinking water sources available to segments of the population of a country. Improved drinking water - use of any of the following sources: piped water into dwelling, yard, or plot; public tap or standpipe; tubewell or borehole; protected dug well; protected spring; or rainwater collection. Unimproved drinking water - use of any of the following sources: unprotected dug well; unprotected spring; cart with small tank or . . . <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#361">more</a> </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/361.html#ET"><img alt="Drinking water source field listing" title="Drinking water source field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-drinking-water-source"> <div class="category_data subfield grouped_subfield"> <span class="subfield-group">improved:</span> <span class="subfield-name">urban:</span> <span class="subfield-number">93.1% of population</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield grouped_subfield"> <span class="subfield-name">rural:</span> <span class="subfield-number">48.6% of population</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield grouped_subfield"> <span class="subfield-name">total:</span> <span class="subfield-number">57.3% of population</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield grouped_subfield"> <span class="subfield-group">unimproved:</span> <span class="subfield-name">urban:</span> <span class="subfield-number">6.9% of population</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield grouped_subfield"> <span class="subfield-name">rural:</span> <span class="subfield-number">51.4% of population</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield grouped_subfield"> <span class="subfield-name">total:</span> <span class="subfield-number">42.7% of population</span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2015">(2015 est.)</span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-people-and-society-sanitation-facility-access"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Sanitation facility access field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#398">Sanitation facility access</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry provides information about access to improved or unimproved sanitation facilities available to segments of the population of a country. Improved sanitation - use of any of the following facilities: flush or pour-flush to a piped sewer system, septic tank or pit latrine; ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrine; pit latrine with slab; or a composting toilet. Unimproved sanitation - use of any of the following facilities: flush or pour-flush not piped to a sewer system, septic tank . . . <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#398">more</a> </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/398.html#ET"><img alt="Sanitation facility access field listing" title="Sanitation facility access field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-sanitation-facility-access"> <div class="category_data subfield grouped_subfield"> <span class="subfield-group">improved:</span> <span class="subfield-name">urban:</span> <span class="subfield-number">27.2% of population</span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2015">(2015 est.)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield grouped_subfield"> <span class="subfield-name">rural:</span> <span class="subfield-number">28.2% of population</span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2015">(2015 est.)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield grouped_subfield"> <span class="subfield-name">total:</span> <span class="subfield-number">28% of population</span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2015">(2015 est.)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield grouped_subfield"> <span class="subfield-group">unimproved:</span> <span class="subfield-name">urban:</span> <span class="subfield-number">72.8% of population</span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2015">(2015 est.)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield grouped_subfield"> <span class="subfield-name">rural:</span> <span class="subfield-number">71.8% of population</span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2015">(2015 est.)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield grouped_subfield"> <span class="subfield-name">total:</span> <span class="subfield-number">72% of population</span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2015">(2015 est.)</span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-people-and-society-hiv-aids-adult-prevalence-rate"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#363">HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry gives an estimate of the percentage of adults (aged 15-49) living with HIV/AIDS. The adult prevalence rate is calculated by dividing the estimated number of adults living with HIV/AIDS at yearend by the total adult population at yearend. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/363.html#ET"><img alt="HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate field listing" title="HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-hiv-aids-adult-prevalence-rate"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-number">0.9%</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2017">(2017 est.)</span> </div> <div> <span class="category">country comparison to the world:</span> <span class="category_data"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/363rank.html#ET">47</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-people-and-society-hiv-aids-people-living-with-hiv-aids"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#364">HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry gives an estimate of all people (adults and children) alive at yearend with HIV infection, whether or not they have developed symptoms of AIDS. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/364.html#ET"><img alt="HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS field listing" title="HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-hiv-aids-people-living-with-hiv-aids"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-number">610,000</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2017">(2017 est.)</span> </div> <div> <span class="category">country comparison to the world:</span> <span class="category_data"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/364rank.html#ET">14</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-people-and-society-hiv-aids-deaths"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the HIV/AIDS - deaths field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#365">HIV/AIDS - deaths</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry gives an estimate of the number of adults and children who died of AIDS during a given calendar year. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/365.html#ET"><img alt="HIV/AIDS - deaths field listing" title="HIV/AIDS - deaths field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-hiv-aids-deaths"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-number">15,000</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2017">(2017 est.)</span> </div> <div> <span class="category">country comparison to the world:</span> <span class="category_data"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/365rank.html#ET">16</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-people-and-society-major-infectious-diseases"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Major infectious diseases field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#366">Major infectious diseases</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry lists major infectious diseases likely to be encountered in countries where the risk of such diseases is assessed to be very high as compared to the United States. These infectious diseases represent risks to US government personnel traveling to the specified country for a period of less than three years. The degree of risk is assessed by considering the foreign nature of these infectious diseases, their severity, and the probability of being affected by the diseases present. Th . . . <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#366">more</a> </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/366.html#ET"><img alt="Major infectious diseases field listing" title="Major infectious diseases field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-major-infectious-diseases"> <div class="category_data subfield text"> <span class="subfield-name">degree of risk:</span> very high <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2016">(2016)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield text"> <span class="subfield-name">food or waterborne diseases:</span> bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2016">(2016)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield text"> <span class="subfield-name">vectorborne diseases:</span> malaria and dengue fever <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2016">(2016)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield text"> <span class="subfield-name">water contact diseases:</span> schistosomiasis <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2016">(2016)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield text"> <span class="subfield-name">animal contact diseases:</span> rabies <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2016">(2016)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield text"> <span class="subfield-name">respiratory diseases:</span> meningococcal meningitis <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2016">(2016)</span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-people-and-society-obesity-adult-prevalence-rate"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Obesity - adult prevalence rate field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#367">Obesity - adult prevalence rate</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry gives the percent of a country's population considered to be obese. Obesity is defined as an adult having a Body Mass Index (BMI) greater to or equal to 30.0. BMI is calculated by taking a person's weight in kg and dividing it by the person's squared height in meters. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/367.html#ET"><img alt="Obesity - adult prevalence rate field listing" title="Obesity - adult prevalence rate field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-obesity-adult-prevalence-rate"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-number">4.5%</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2016">(2016)</span> </div> <div> <span class="category">country comparison to the world:</span> <span class="category_data"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/367rank.html#ET">185</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-people-and-society-children-under-the-age-of-5-years-underweight"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Children under the age of 5 years underweight field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#368">Children under the age of 5 years underweight</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry gives the percent of children under five considered to be underweight. Underweight means weight-for-age is approximately 2 kg below for standard at age one, 3 kg below standard for ages two and three, and 4 kg below standard for ages four and five. This statistic is an indicator of the nutritional status of a community. Children who suffer from growth retardation as a result of poor diets and/or recurrent infections tend to have a greater risk of suffering illness and death. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/368.html#ET"><img alt="Children under the age of 5 years underweight field listing" title="Children under the age of 5 years underweight field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-children-under-the-age-of-5-years-underweight"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-number">23.6%</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2016">(2016)</span> </div> <div> <span class="category">country comparison to the world:</span> <span class="category_data"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/368rank.html#ET">20</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-people-and-society-education-expenditures"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Education expenditures field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#369">Education expenditures</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry provides the public expenditure on education as a percent of GDP. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/369.html#ET"><img alt="Education expenditures field listing" title="Education expenditures field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-education-expenditures"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-number">4.5% of GDP</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2013">(2013)</span> </div> <div> <span class="category">country comparison to the world:</span> <span class="category_data"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/369rank.html#ET">94</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-people-and-society-literacy"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Literacy field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#370">Literacy</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry includes a definition of literacy and Census Bureau percentages for the total population, males, and females. There are no universal definitions and standards of literacy. Unless otherwise specified, all rates are based on the most common definition - the ability to read and write at a specified age. Detailing the standards that individual countries use to assess the ability to read and write is beyond the scope of the Factbook. Information on literacy, while not a perfect measu . . . <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#370">more</a> </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/370.html#ET"><img alt="Literacy field listing" title="Literacy field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-literacy"> <div class="category_data subfield text"> <span class="subfield-name">definition:</span> age 15 and over can read and write <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2015 est.">(2015 est.)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">total population:</span> <span class="subfield-number">49.1%</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2015">(2015 est.)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">male:</span> <span class="subfield-number">57.2%</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2015">(2015 est.)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">female:</span> <span class="subfield-number">41.1%</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2015">(2015 est.)</span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-people-and-society-school-life-expectancy-primary-to-tertiary-education"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#371">School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> School life expectancy (SLE) is the total number of years of schooling (primary to tertiary) that a child can expect to receive, assuming that the probability of his or her being enrolled in school at any particular future age is equal to the current enrollment ratio at that age. Caution must be maintained when utilizing this indicator in international comparisons. For example, a year or grade completed in one country is not necessarily the same in terms of educational content or qualit . . . <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#371">more</a> </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/371.html#ET"><img alt="School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) field listing" title="School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-school-life-expectancy-primary-to-tertiary-education"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">total:</span> <span class="subfield-number">8 years</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2012">(2012)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">male:</span> <span class="subfield-number">9 years</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2012">(2012)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">female:</span> <span class="subfield-number">8 years</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2012">(2012)</span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-people-and-society-unemployment-youth-ages-15-24"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Unemployment, youth ages 15-24 field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#373">Unemployment, youth ages 15-24</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry gives the percent of the total labor force ages 15-24 unemployed during a specified year. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/373.html#ET"><img alt="Unemployment, youth ages 15-24 field listing" title="Unemployment, youth ages 15-24 field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-unemployment-youth-ages-15-24"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">total:</span> <span class="subfield-number">25.2%</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2016">(2016 est.)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">male:</span> <span class="subfield-number">17.1%</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2016">(2016 est.)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">female:</span> <span class="subfield-number">30.9%</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2016">(2016 est.)</span> </div> <div> <span class="category">country comparison to the world:</span> <span class="category_data"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/373rank.html#ET">46</a> </span> </div> </div> </li> <li id="government-category-section-anchor"> <a href="#" class="tabHead"> <div class="question afr_med" sectiontitle="Government" ccode="et" style="border-bottom: 2px solid white;"> Government :: <span class="region">Ethiopia</span> </div> </a> </li> <li id="government-category-section"> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-government-country-name"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Country name field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#296">Country name</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry includes all forms of the country's name approved by the US Board on Geographic Names (Italy is used as an example): conventional long form (Italian Republic), conventional short form (Italy), local long form (Repubblica Italiana), local short form (Italia), former (Kingdom of Italy), as well as the abbreviation. Also see the Terminology note. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/296.html#ET"><img alt="Country name field listing" title="Country name field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-country-name"> <div class="category_data subfield text"> <span class="subfield-name">conventional long form:</span> Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia </div> <div class="category_data subfield text"> <span class="subfield-name">conventional short form:</span> Ethiopia </div> <div class="category_data subfield text"> <span class="subfield-name">local long form:</span> Ityop'iya Federalawi Demokrasiyawi Ripeblik </div> <div class="category_data subfield text"> <span class="subfield-name">local short form:</span> Ityop'iya </div> <div class="category_data subfield text"> <span class="subfield-name">former:</span> Abyssinia, Italian East Africa </div> <div class="category_data subfield text"> <span class="subfield-name">abbreviation:</span> FDRE </div> <div class="category_data subfield text"> <span class="subfield-name">etymology:</span> the country name derives from the Greek word "Aethiopia," which in classical times referred to lands south of Egypt in the Upper Nile region </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-government-government-type"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Government type field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#299">Government type</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry gives the basic form of government. Definitions of the major governmental terms are as follows. (Note that for some countries more than one definition applies.): Absolute monarchy - a form of government where the monarch rules unhindered, i.e., without any laws, constitution, or legally organized opposition. Anarchy - a condition of lawlessness or political disorder brought about by the absence of governmental authority. Authoritarian - a form of government in whic . . . <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#299">more</a> </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/299.html#ET"><img alt="Government type field listing" title="Government type field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-government-type"> <div class="category_data subfield text"> federal parliamentary republic </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-government-capital"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Capital field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#301">Capital</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry gives the name of the seat of government, its geographic coordinates, the time difference relative to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and the time observed in Washington, DC, and, if applicable, information on daylight saving time (DST). Where appropriate, a special note has been added to highlight those countries that have multiple time zones. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/301.html#ET"><img alt="Capital field listing" title="Capital field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-capital"> <div class="category_data subfield text"> <span class="subfield-name">name:</span> Addis Ababa </div> <div class="category_data subfield text"> <span class="subfield-name">geographic coordinates:</span> 9 02 N, 38 42 E </div> <div class="category_data subfield text"> <span class="subfield-name">time difference:</span> UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-government-administrative-divisions"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Administrative divisions field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#302">Administrative divisions</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry generally gives the numbers, designatory terms, and first-order administrative divisions as approved by the US Board on Geographic Names (BGN). Changes that have been reported but not yet acted on by the BGN are noted. Geographic names conform to spellings approved by the BGN with the exception of the omission of diacritical marks and special characters. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/302.html#ET"><img alt="Administrative divisions field listing" title="Administrative divisions field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-administrative-divisions"> <div class="category_data subfield text"> 9 ethnically based regional states (kililoch, singular - kilil) and 2 self-governing administrations* (astedaderoch, singular - astedader); Adis Abeba* (Addis Ababa), Afar, Amara (Amhara), Binshangul Gumuz, Dire Dawa*, Gambela Hizboch (Gambela Peoples), Hareri Hizb (Harari People), Oromiya (Oromia), Sumale (Somali), Tigray, Ye Debub Biheroch Bihereseboch na Hizboch (Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples) </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-government-independence"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Independence field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#305">Independence</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> For most countries, this entry gives the date that sovereignty was achieved and from which nation, empire, or trusteeship. For the other countries, the date given may not represent "independence" in the strict sense, but rather some significant nationhood event such as the traditional founding date or the date of unification, federation, confederation, establishment, fundamental change in the form of government, or state succession. For a number of countries, the establishment of statehood . . . <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#305">more</a> </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/305.html#ET"><img alt="Independence field listing" title="Independence field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-independence"> <div class="category_data subfield text"> oldest independent country in Africa and one of the oldest in the world - at least 2,000 years (may be traced to the Aksumite Kingdom, which coalesced in the first century B.C.) </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-government-national-holiday"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the National holiday field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#306">National holiday</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry gives the primary national day of celebration - usually independence day. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/306.html#ET"><img alt="National holiday field listing" title="National holiday field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-national-holiday"> <div class="category_data subfield text"> Derg Downfall Day (defeat of MENGISTU regime), 28 May (1991) </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-government-constitution"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Constitution field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#307">Constitution</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry provides information on a country’s constitution and includes two subfields. The history subfield includes the dates of previous constitutions and the main steps and dates in formulating and implementing the latest constitution. For countries with 1-3 previous constitutions, the years are listed; for those with 4-9 previous, the entry is listed as “several previous,” and for those with 10 or more, the entry is “many previous.” The amendments subfield summarizes the process of am . . . <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#307">more</a> </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/307.html#ET"><img alt="Constitution field listing" title="Constitution field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-constitution"> <div class="category_data subfield text"> <span class="subfield-name">history:</span> several previous; latest drafted June 1994, adopted 8 December 1994, entered into force 21 August 1995 <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2017">(2017)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield text"> <span class="subfield-name">amendments:</span> proposals submitted for discussion require two-thirds majority approval in either house of Parliament or majority approval of one-third of the State Councils; passage of amendments other than constitutional articles on fundamental rights and freedoms and the initiation and amendment of the constitution requires two-thirds majority vote in a joint session of Parliament and majority vote by two-thirds of the State Councils; passage of amendments affecting rights and freedoms and amendment procedures requires two-thirds majority vote in each house of Parliament and majority vote by all the State Councils <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2017">(2017)</span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-government-legal-system"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Legal system field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#308">Legal system</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry provides the description of a country's legal system. A statement on judicial review of legislative acts is also included for a number of countries. The legal systems of nearly all countries are generally modeled upon elements of five main types: civil law (including French law, the Napoleonic Code, Roman law, Roman-Dutch law, and Spanish law); common law (including United State law); customary law; mixed or pluralistic law; and religious law (including Islamic law). An addition . . . <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#308">more</a> </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/308.html#ET"><img alt="Legal system field listing" title="Legal system field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-legal-system"> <div class="category_data subfield text"> civil law system </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-government-international-law-organization-participation"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the International law organization participation field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#309">International law organization participation</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry includes information on a country's acceptance of jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) and of the International Criminal Court (ICCt); 59 countries have accepted ICJ jurisdiction with reservations and 11 have accepted ICJ jurisdiction without reservations; 122 countries have accepted ICCt jurisdiction. Appendix B: International Organizations and Groups explains the differing mandates of the ICJ and ICCt. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/309.html#ET"><img alt="International law organization participation field listing" title="International law organization participation field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-international-law-organization-participation"> <div class="category_data subfield text"> has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-government-citizenship"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Citizenship field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#310">Citizenship</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry provides information related to the acquisition and exercise of citizenship; it includes four subfields: citizenship by birth describes the acquisition of citizenship based on place of birth, known as Jus soli, regardless of the citizenship of parents. citizenship by descent only describes the acquisition of citizenship based on the principle of Jus sanguinis, or by descent, where at least one parent is a citizen of the state and being born within the territorial limits of the . . . <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#310">more</a> </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/310.html#ET"><img alt="Citizenship field listing" title="Citizenship field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-citizenship"> <div class="category_data subfield text"> <span class="subfield-name">citizenship by birth:</span> no </div> <div class="category_data subfield text"> <span class="subfield-name">citizenship by descent only:</span> at least one parent must be a citizen of Ethiopia </div> <div class="category_data subfield text"> <span class="subfield-name">dual citizenship recognized:</span> no </div> <div class="category_data subfield text"> <span class="subfield-name">residency requirement for naturalization:</span> 4 years </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-government-suffrage"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Suffrage field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#311">Suffrage</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry gives the age at enfranchisement and whether the right to vote is universal or restricted. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/311.html#ET"><img alt="Suffrage field listing" title="Suffrage field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-suffrage"> <div class="category_data subfield text"> 18 years of age; universal </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-government-executive-branch"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Executive branch field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#312">Executive branch</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry includes five subentries: chief of state; head of government; cabinet; elections/appointments; election results. Chief of state includes the name, title, and beginning date in office of the titular leader of the country who represents the state at official and ceremonial functions but may not be involved with the day-to-day activities of the government. Head of government includes the name, title of the top executive designated to manage the executive branch of the government, a . . . <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#312">more</a> </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/312.html#ET"><img alt="Executive branch field listing" title="Executive branch field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-executive-branch"> <div class="category_data subfield text"> <span class="subfield-name">chief of state:</span> President SAHLE-WORK Zewde (since 25 October 2018) </div> <div class="category_data subfield text"> <span class="subfield-name">head of government:</span> Prime Minister ABIY Ahmed (since 2 April 2018); Deputy Prime Minister DEMEKE Mekonnen Hassen (since 29 November 2012); note - Prime Minister HAILEMARIAM Desalegn (since 21 September 2012) resigned on 15 February 2018 </div> <div class="category_data subfield text"> <span class="subfield-name">cabinet:</span> Council of Ministers selected by the prime minister and approved by the House of People's Representatives </div> <div class="category_data subfield text"> <span class="subfield-name">elections/appointments:</span> president indirectly elected by both chambers of Parliament for a 6-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 7 October 2013 (next to be held in October 2019); prime minister designated by the majority party following legislative elections </div> <div class="category_data subfield text"> <span class="subfield-name">election results:</span> SAHLE-WORK Zewde elected president; Parliament vote - 659 (unanimous) </div> <div class="category_data note"> <strong>note:</strong> SAHLE-WORK Zewde is the first female elected head of state in Ethiopia; she is currently the only female president in Africa </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-government-legislative-branch"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Legislative branch field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#313">Legislative branch</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry has three subfields. The description subfield provides the legislative structure (unicameral – single house; bicameral – an upper and a lower house); formal name(s); number of member seats; types of constituencies or voting districts (single seat, multi-seat, nationwide); electoral voting system(s); and member term of office. The elections subfield includes the dates of the last election and next election. The election results subfield lists percent of vote by party/coalition an . . . <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#313">more</a> </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/313.html#ET"><img alt="Legislative branch field listing" title="Legislative branch field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-legislative-branch"> <div class="category_data subfield text"> <span class="subfield-name">description:</span> bicameral Parliament consists of:<br>House of Federation or Yefedereshein Mikir Bete (153 seats; members indirectly elected by state assemblies to serve 5-year terms)<br> House of People's Representatives or Yehizb Tewokayoch Mekir Bete (547 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote; 22 seats reserved for minorities; all members serve 5-year terms)<br> </div> <div class="category_data subfield text"> <span class="subfield-name">elections:</span> <br> House of People's Representatives - last held on 24 May 2015 (next to be held in 2020)<br> </div> <div class="category_data subfield text"> <span class="subfield-name">election results:</span> <br> House of Representatives - percent of vote by party/coalition - NA; seats by party/coalition - EPRDF 501, SPDP 24, BGPDUP 9, ANDP 8, GPUDM 3, APDO 1, HNL 1 </div> <div class="category_data note"> <strong>note:</strong> House of Federation is responsible for interpreting the constitution and federal-regional issues and the House of People's Representatives is responsible for passing legislation </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-government-judicial-branch"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Judicial branch field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#314">Judicial branch</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry includes three subfields. The highest court(s) subfield includes the name(s) of a country's highest level court(s), the number and titles of the judges, and the types of cases heard by the court, which commonly are based on civil, criminal, administrative, and constitutional law. A number of countries have separate constitutional courts. The judge selection and term of office subfield includes the organizations and associated officials responsible for nominating and appointing j . . . <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#314">more</a> </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/314.html#ET"><img alt="Judicial branch field listing" title="Judicial branch field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-judicial-branch"> <div class="category_data subfield text"> <span class="subfield-name">highest courts:</span> Federal Supreme Court (consists of 11 judges); note - the House of Federation has jurisdiction for all constitutional issues </div> <div class="category_data subfield text"> <span class="subfield-name">judge selection and term of office:</span> president and vice president of Federal Supreme Court recommended by the prime minister and appointed by the House of People's Representatives; other Supreme Court judges nominated by the Federal Judicial Administrative Council (a 10-member body chaired by the president of the Federal Supreme Court) and appointed by the House of People's Representatives; judges serve until retirement at age 60 </div> <div class="category_data subfield text"> <span class="subfield-name">subordinate courts:</span> federal high courts and federal courts of first instance; state court systems (mirror structure of federal system); sharia courts and customary and traditional courts </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-government-political-parties-and-leaders"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Political parties and leaders field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#315">Political parties and leaders</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry includes a listing of significant political parties, coalitions, and electoral lists as of each country's last legislative election, unless otherwise noted. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/315.html#ET"><img alt="Political parties and leaders field listing" title="Political parties and leaders field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-political-parties-and-leaders"> <div class="category_data subfield text"> Afar National Democratic Party or ANDP [Taha AHMED]<br>Argoba People Democratic Organization or APDO<br>Amhara National Democratic Movement or ANDM [Demeke MEKONNEN]<br>Benishangul Gumuz People's Democratic Unity Party or BGPDUP<br>Blue Party (Semayawi Party) [Solomon TESSEMA, spokesman]<br>Ethiopian Federal Democratic Unity Forum or MEDREK or FORUM [Beyene PETROS] (includes ESD-SCUP, OFC, SLM, UTDS)<br>Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front or EPRDF [ABIY Ahmed] (includes ANDM, OPDO, SEPDM, TPLF)<br>Ethiopian Social Democracy-Sothern Coalition Unity Party or ESD-SCUP<br>Gambella Peoples Unity Democratic Movement or GPUDM<br>Harari National League or HNL [Murad ABDULHADI]<br>Oromo Fderalist Congress or OFC<br>Oromo People's Democratic Organization or OPDO [ABIY Ahmed]<br>Sidama Liberaton Movement or SLM<br>Somali People's Democratic Party or SPDP<br>Southern Ethiopian People's Democratic Movement or SEPDM [Muferiat KAMIL]<br>Tigray People's Liberation Front or TPLF [Meles ZENAWI]<br>Union of Tigraians for Democracy & Sovergnty or UTDS </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-government-international-organization-participation"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the International organization participation field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#317">International organization participation</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry lists in alphabetical order by abbreviation those international organizations in which the subject country is a member or participates in some other way. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/317.html#ET"><img alt="International organization participation field listing" title="International organization participation field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-international-organization-participation"> <div class="category_data subfield text"> ACP, AfDB, AU, COMESA, EITI (candidate country), FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UN Security Council (temporary), UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer) </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-government-diplomatic-representation-in-the-us"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Diplomatic representation in the US field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#318">Diplomatic representation in the US</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry includes the chief of mission, chancery address, telephone, FAX, consulate general locations, and consulate locations. The use of the annotated title Appointed Ambassador refers to a new ambassador who has presented his/her credentials to the secretary of state but not the US president. Such ambassadors fulfill all diplomatic functions except meeting with or appearing at functions attended by the president until such time as they formally present their credentials at a White Hou . . . <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#318">more</a> </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/318.html#ET"><img alt="Diplomatic representation in the US field listing" title="Diplomatic representation in the US field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-diplomatic-representation-in-the-us"> <div class="category_data subfield text"> <span class="subfield-name">chief of mission:</span> Ambassador Kassa TEKLEBERHAN Gebrehiwet (since 24 January 2018) </div> <div class="category_data subfield text"> <span class="subfield-name">chancery:</span> 3506 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008 </div> <div class="category_data subfield text"> <span class="subfield-name">telephone:</span> [1] (202) 364-1200 </div> <div class="category_data subfield text"> <span class="subfield-name">FAX:</span> [1] (202) 587-0195 </div> <div class="category_data subfield text"> <span class="subfield-name">consulate(s) general:</span> Los Angeles, Seattle </div> <div class="category_data subfield text"> <span class="subfield-name">consulate(s):</span> Houston, New York </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-government-diplomatic-representation-from-the-us"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Diplomatic representation from the US field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#319">Diplomatic representation from the US</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry includes the chief of mission, embassy address, mailing address, telephone number, FAX number, branch office locations, consulate general locations, and consulate locations. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/319.html#ET"><img alt="Diplomatic representation from the US field listing" title="Diplomatic representation from the US field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-diplomatic-representation-from-the-us"> <div class="category_data subfield text"> <span class="subfield-name">chief of mission:</span> Ambassador Michael RAYNOR (since 3 October 2017) </div> <div class="category_data subfield text"> <span class="subfield-name">embassy:</span> Entoto Street, Addis Ababa </div> <div class="category_data subfield text"> <span class="subfield-name">mailing address:</span> P.O. Box 1014, Addis Ababa </div> <div class="category_data subfield text"> <span class="subfield-name">telephone:</span> [251] 11 130-6000 </div> <div class="category_data subfield text"> <span class="subfield-name">FAX:</span> [251] 11 124-2401 </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-government-flag-description"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Flag description field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#320">Flag description</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry provides a written flag description produced from actual flags or the best information available at the time the entry was written. The flags of independent states are used by their dependencies unless there is an officially recognized local flag. Some disputed and other areas do not have flags. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/320.html#ET"><img alt="Flag description field listing" title="Flag description field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-flag-description"> <div class="category_data subfield text"> three equal horizontal bands of green (top), yellow, and red, with a yellow pentagram and single yellow rays emanating from the angles between the points on a light blue disk centered on the three bands; green represents hope and the fertility of the land, yellow symbolizes justice and harmony, while red stands for sacrifice and heroism in the defense of the land; the blue of the disk symbolizes peace and the pentagram represents the unity and equality of the nationalities and peoples of Ethiopia </div> <div class="category_data note"> <p><strong>note:</strong> Ethiopia is the oldest independent country in Africa, and the three main colors of her flag (adopted ca. 1895) were so often appropriated by other African countries upon independence that they became known as the Pan-African colors; the emblem in the center of the current flag was added in 1996</p> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-government-national-symbol-s"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the National symbol(s) field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#321">National symbol(s)</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> A national symbol is a faunal, floral, or other abstract representation - or some distinctive object - that over time has come to be closely identified with a country or entity. Not all countries have national symbols; a few countries have more than one. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/321.html#ET"><img alt="National symbol(s) field listing" title="National symbol(s) field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-national-symbol-s"> <div class="category_data subfield text"> Abyssinian lion (traditional), yellow pentagram with five rays of light on a blue field (promoted by current government); national colors: green, yellow, red </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-government-national-anthem"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the National anthem field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#322">National anthem</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> A generally patriotic musical composition - usually in the form of a song or hymn of praise - that evokes and eulogizes the history, traditions, or struggles of a nation or its people. National anthems can be officially recognized as a national song by a country's constitution or by an enacted law, or simply by tradition. Although most anthems contain lyrics, some do not. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/322.html#ET"><img alt="National anthem field listing" title="National anthem field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-national-anthem"> <div class="category_data subfield text"> <span class="subfield-name">name:</span> "Whedefit Gesgeshi Woud Enat Ethiopia" (March Forward, Dear Mother Ethiopia) </div> <div class="category_data subfield text"> <span class="subfield-name">lyrics/music:</span> DEREJE Melaku Mengesha/SOLOMON Lulu </div> <div class="category_data note"> <p><strong>note:</strong> adopted 1992</p> </div> <div class="category_data attachment"> <audio type="audio/mp3" controls="controls" alt="National Anthem audio file for Ethiopia" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/attachments/audios/original/ET.mp3?1538604753"></audio> </div> </div> </li> <li id="economy-category-section-anchor"> <a href="#" class="tabHead"> <div class="question afr_med" sectiontitle="Economy" ccode="et" style="border-bottom: 2px solid white;"> Economy :: <span class="region">Ethiopia</span> </div> </a> </li> <li id="economy-category-section"> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-economy-economy-overview"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Economy - overview field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#207">Economy - overview</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry briefly describes the type of economy, including the degree of market orientation, the level of economic development, the most important natural resources, and the unique areas of specialization. It also characterizes major economic events and policy changes in the most recent 12 months and may include a statement about one or two key future macroeconomic trends. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/207.html#ET"><img alt="Economy - overview field listing" title="Economy - overview field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-economy-overview"> <div class="category_data subfield text"> <p>Ethiopia - the second most populous country in Africa - is a one-party state with a planned economy. For more than a decade before 2016, GDP grew at a rate between 8% and 11% annually – one of the fastest growing states among the 188 IMF member countries. This growth was driven by government investment in infrastructure, as well as sustained progress in the agricultural and service sectors. More than 70% of Ethiopia’s population is still employed in the agricultural sector, but services have surpassed agriculture as the principal source of GDP.</p><p></p><p>Ethiopia has the lowest level of income-inequality in Africa and one of the lowest in the world, with a Gini coefficient comparable to that of the Scandinavian countries. Yet despite progress toward eliminating extreme poverty, Ethiopia remains one of the poorest countries in the world, due both to rapid population growth and a low starting base. Changes in rainfall associated with world-wide weather patterns resulted in the worst drought in 30 years in 2015-16, creating food insecurity for millions of Ethiopians.</p><p></p><p>The state is heavily engaged in the economy. Ongoing infrastructure projects include power production and distribution, roads, rails, airports and industrial parks. Key sectors are state-owned, including telecommunications, banking and insurance, and power distribution. Under Ethiopia's constitution, the state owns all land and provides long-term leases to tenants. Title rights in urban areas, particularly Addis Ababa, are poorly regulated, and subject to corruption.</p><p></p><p>Ethiopia’s foreign exchange earnings are led by the services sector - primarily the state-run Ethiopian Airlines - followed by exports of several commodities. While coffee remains the largest foreign exchange earner, Ethiopia is diversifying exports, and commodities such as gold, sesame, khat, livestock and horticulture products are becoming increasingly important. Manufacturing represented less than 8% of total exports in 2016, but manufacturing exports should increase in future years due to a growing international presence.</p><p></p><p>The banking, insurance, telecommunications, and micro-credit industries are restricted to domestic investors, but Ethiopia has attracted roughly $8.5 billion in foreign direct investment (FDI), mostly from China, Turkey, India and the EU; US FDI is $567 million. Investment has been primarily in infrastructure, construction, agriculture/horticulture, agricultural processing, textiles, leather and leather products.</p><p></p><p>To support industrialization in sectors where Ethiopia has a comparative advantage, such as textiles and garments, leather goods, and processed agricultural products, Ethiopia plans to increase installed power generation capacity by 8,320 MW, up from a capacity of 2,000 MW, by building three more major dams and expanding to other sources of renewable energy. In 2017, the government devalued the birr by 15% to increase exports and alleviate a chronic foreign currency shortage in the country.</p> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-economy-gdp-purchasing-power-parity"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the GDP (purchasing power parity) field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#208">GDP (purchasing power parity)</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry gives the gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year. A nation's GDP at purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rates is the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States in the year noted. This is the measure most economists prefer when looking at per-capita welfare and when comparing living conditions or use of resources across countries. The measur . . . <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#208">more</a> </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/208.html#ET"><img alt="GDP (purchasing power parity) field listing" title="GDP (purchasing power parity) field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-gdp-purchasing-power-parity"> <div class="category_data subfield historic"> <span class="subfield-number">$200.6 billion</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2017">(2017 est.)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield historic"> <span class="subfield-number">$181 billion</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2016">(2016 est.)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield historic"> <span class="subfield-number">$167.6 billion</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2015">(2015 est.)</span> </div> <div class="category_data note"> <p><strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars</p> </div> <div> <span class="category">country comparison to the world:</span> <span class="category_data"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/208rank.html#ET">64</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-economy-gdp-official-exchange-rate"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the GDP (official exchange rate) field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#209">GDP (official exchange rate)</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry gives the gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year. A nation's GDP at official exchange rates (OER) is the home-currency-denominated annual GDP figure divided by the bilateral average US exchange rate with that country in that year. The measure is simple to compute and gives a precise measure of the value of output. Many economists prefer this measure when gauging the economic power an economy maintains vis- . . . <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#209">more</a> </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/209.html#ET"><img alt="GDP (official exchange rate) field listing" title="GDP (official exchange rate) field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-gdp-official-exchange-rate"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-number">$80.87 billion</span> <span class="subfield-note">(2017 est.)</span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2017">(2017 est.)</span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-economy-gdp-real-growth-rate"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the GDP - real growth rate field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#210">GDP - real growth rate</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry gives GDP growth on an annual basis adjusted for inflation and expressed as a percent. The growth rates are year-over-year, and not compounded. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/210.html#ET"><img alt="GDP - real growth rate field listing" title="GDP - real growth rate field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-gdp-real-growth-rate"> <div class="category_data subfield historic"> <span class="subfield-number">10.9%</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2017">(2017 est.)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield historic"> <span class="subfield-number">8%</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2016">(2016 est.)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield historic"> <span class="subfield-number">10.4%</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2015">(2015 est.)</span> </div> <div> <span class="category">country comparison to the world:</span> <span class="category_data"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/210rank.html#ET">5</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-economy-gdp-per-capita-ppp"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the GDP - per capita (PPP) field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#211">GDP - per capita (PPP)</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry shows GDP on a purchasing power parity basis divided by population as of 1 July for the same year. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/211.html#ET"><img alt="GDP - per capita (PPP) field listing" title="GDP - per capita (PPP) field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-gdp-per-capita-ppp"> <div class="category_data subfield historic"> <span class="subfield-number">$2,200</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2017">(2017 est.)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield historic"> <span class="subfield-number">$2,000</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2016">(2016 est.)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield historic"> <span class="subfield-number">$1,900</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2015">(2015 est.)</span> </div> <div class="category_data note"> <p><strong>note:</strong> data are in 2017 dollars</p> </div> <div> <span class="category">country comparison to the world:</span> <span class="category_data"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/211rank.html#ET">204</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-economy-gross-national-saving"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Gross national saving field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#212">Gross national saving</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> Gross national saving is derived by deducting final consumption expenditure (household plus government) from Gross national disposable income, and consists of personal saving, plus business saving (the sum of the capital consumption allowance and retained business profits), plus government saving (the excess of tax revenues over expenditures), but excludes foreign saving (the excess of imports of goods and services over exports). The figures are presented as a percent of GDP. A negative . . . <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#212">more</a> </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/212.html#ET"><img alt="Gross national saving field listing" title="Gross national saving field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-gross-national-saving"> <div class="category_data subfield historic"> <span class="subfield-number">32.1% of GDP</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2017">(2017 est.)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield historic"> <span class="subfield-number">32.7% of GDP</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2016">(2016 est.)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield historic"> <span class="subfield-number">32.4% of GDP</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2015">(2015 est.)</span> </div> <div> <span class="category">country comparison to the world:</span> <span class="category_data"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/212rank.html#ET">26</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-economy-gdp-composition-by-end-use"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the GDP - composition, by end use field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#213">GDP - composition, by end use</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry shows who does the spending in an economy: consumers, businesses, government, and foreigners. The distribution gives the percentage contribution to total GDP of household consumption, government consumption, investment in fixed capital, investment in inventories, exports of goods and services, and imports of goods and services, and will total 100 percent of GDP if the data are complete. household consumption consists of expenditures by resident households, and by nonprofit insti . . . <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#213">more</a> </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/213.html#ET"><img alt="GDP - composition, by end use field listing" title="GDP - composition, by end use field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-gdp-composition-by-end-use"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">household consumption:</span> <span class="subfield-number">69.6%</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2017">(2017 est.)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">government consumption:</span> <span class="subfield-number">10%</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2017">(2017 est.)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">investment in fixed capital:</span> <span class="subfield-number">43.5%</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2017">(2017 est.)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">investment in inventories:</span> <span class="subfield-number">-0.1%</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2017">(2017 est.)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">exports of goods and services:</span> <span class="subfield-number">8.1%</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2017">(2017 est.)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">imports of goods and services:</span> <span class="subfield-number">-31.2%</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2017">(2017 est.)</span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-economy-gdp-composition-by-sector-of-origin"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the GDP - composition, by sector of origin field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#214">GDP - composition, by sector of origin</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry shows where production takes place in an economy. The distribution gives the percentage contribution of agriculture, industry, and services to total GDP, and will total 100 percent of GDP if the data are complete. Agriculture includes farming, fishing, and forestry. Industry includes mining, manufacturing, energy production, and construction. Services cover government activities, communications, transportation, finance, and all other private economic activities that do not prod . . . <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#214">more</a> </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/214.html#ET"><img alt="GDP - composition, by sector of origin field listing" title="GDP - composition, by sector of origin field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-gdp-composition-by-sector-of-origin"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">agriculture:</span> <span class="subfield-number">34.8%</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2017">(2017 est.)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">industry:</span> <span class="subfield-number">21.6%</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2017">(2017 est.)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">services:</span> <span class="subfield-number">43.6%</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2017">(2017 est.)</span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-economy-agriculture-products"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Agriculture - products field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#215">Agriculture - products</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry is an ordered listing of major crops and products starting with the most important. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/215.html#ET"><img alt="Agriculture - products field listing" title="Agriculture - products field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-agriculture-products"> <div class="category_data subfield text"> cereals, coffee, oilseed, cotton, sugarcane, vegetables, khat, cut flowers; hides, cattle, sheep, goats; fish </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-economy-industries"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Industries field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#216">Industries</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry provides a rank ordering of industries starting with the largest by value of annual output. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/216.html#ET"><img alt="Industries field listing" title="Industries field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-industries"> <div class="category_data subfield text"> food processing, beverages, textiles, leather, garments, chemicals, metals processing, cement </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-economy-industrial-production-growth-rate"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Industrial production growth rate field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#217">Industrial production growth rate</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry gives the annual percentage increase in industrial production (includes manufacturing, mining, and construction). </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/217.html#ET"><img alt="Industrial production growth rate field listing" title="Industrial production growth rate field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-industrial-production-growth-rate"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-number">10.5%</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2017">(2017 est.)</span> </div> <div> <span class="category">country comparison to the world:</span> <span class="category_data"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/217rank.html#ET">13</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-economy-labor-force"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Labor force field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#218">Labor force</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry contains the total labor force figure. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/218.html#ET"><img alt="Labor force field listing" title="Labor force field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-labor-force"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-number">52.82 million</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2017">(2017 est.)</span> </div> <div> <span class="category">country comparison to the world:</span> <span class="category_data"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/218rank.html#ET">13</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-economy-labor-force-by-occupation"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Labor force - by occupation field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#219">Labor force - by occupation</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry lists the percentage distribution of the labor force by sector of occupation. Agriculture includes farming, fishing, and forestry. Industry includes mining, manufacturing, energy production, and construction. Services cover government activities, communications, transportation, finance, and all other economic activities that do not produce material goods. The distribution will total less than 100 percent if the data are incomplete and may range from 99-101 percent due to rounding. <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#219">more</a> </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/219.html#ET"><img alt="Labor force - by occupation field listing" title="Labor force - by occupation field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-labor-force-by-occupation"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">agriculture:</span> <span class="subfield-number">72.7%</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">industry:</span> <span class="subfield-number">7.4%</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">services:</span> <span class="subfield-number">19.9%</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2013">(2013 est.)</span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-economy-unemployment-rate"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Unemployment rate field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#220">Unemployment rate</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry contains the percent of the labor force that is without jobs. Substantial underemployment might be noted. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/220.html#ET"><img alt="Unemployment rate field listing" title="Unemployment rate field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-unemployment-rate"> <div class="category_data subfield historic"> <span class="subfield-number">17.5%</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2012">(2012 est.)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield historic"> <span class="subfield-number">18%</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2011">(2011 est.)</span> </div> <div> <span class="category">country comparison to the world:</span> <span class="category_data"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/220rank.html#ET">180</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-economy-population-below-poverty-line"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Population below poverty line field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#221">Population below poverty line</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> National estimates of the percentage of the population falling below the poverty line are based on surveys of sub-groups, with the results weighted by the number of people in each group. Definitions of poverty vary considerably among nations. For example, rich nations generally employ more generous standards of poverty than poor nations. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/221.html#ET"><img alt="Population below poverty line field listing" title="Population below poverty line field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-population-below-poverty-line"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-number">29.6%</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2014">(2014 est.)</span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-economy-household-income-or-consumption-by-percentage-share"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Household income or consumption by percentage share field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#222">Household income or consumption by percentage share</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> Data on household income or consumption come from household surveys, the results adjusted for household size. Nations use different standards and procedures in collecting and adjusting the data. Surveys based on income will normally show a more unequal distribution than surveys based on consumption. The quality of surveys is improving with time, yet caution is still necessary in making inter-country comparisons. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/222.html#ET"><img alt="Household income or consumption by percentage share field listing" title="Household income or consumption by percentage share field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-household-income-or-consumption-by-percentage-share"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">lowest 10%:</span> <span class="subfield-number">25.6%</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2005">(2005)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">highest 10%:</span> <span class="subfield-number">25.6%</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2005">(2005)</span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-economy-distribution-of-family-income-gini-index"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Distribution of family income - Gini index field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#223">Distribution of family income - Gini index</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This index measures the degree of inequality in the distribution of family income in a country. The index is calculated from the Lorenz curve, in which cumulative family income is plotted against the number of families arranged from the poorest to the richest. The index is the ratio of (a) the area between a country's Lorenz curve and the 45 degree helping line to (b) the entire triangular area under the 45 degree line. The more nearly equal a country's income distribution, the closer its . . . <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#223">more</a> </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/223.html#ET"><img alt="Distribution of family income - Gini index field listing" title="Distribution of family income - Gini index field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-distribution-of-family-income-gini-index"> <div class="category_data subfield historic"> <span class="subfield-number">33</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2011">(2011)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield historic"> <span class="subfield-number">30</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2000">(2000)</span> </div> <div> <span class="category">country comparison to the world:</span> <span class="category_data"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/223rank.html#ET">114</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-economy-budget"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Budget field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#224">Budget</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry includes revenues, expenditures, and capital expenditures. These figures are calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/224.html#ET"><img alt="Budget field listing" title="Budget field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-budget"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">revenues:</span> <span class="subfield-number">11.24 billion</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2017">(2017 est.)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">expenditures:</span> <span class="subfield-number">13.79 billion</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2017">(2017 est.)</span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-economy-taxes-and-other-revenues"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Taxes and other revenues field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#225">Taxes and other revenues</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry records total taxes and other revenues received by the national government during the time period indicated, expressed as a percent of GDP. Taxes include personal and corporate income taxes, value added taxes, excise taxes, and tariffs. Other revenues include social contributions - such as payments for social security and hospital insurance - grants, and net revenues from public enterprises. Normalizing the data, by dividing total revenues by GDP, enables easy comparisons acr . . . <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#225">more</a> </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/225.html#ET"><img alt="Taxes and other revenues field listing" title="Taxes and other revenues field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-taxes-and-other-revenues"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-number">13.9% (of GDP)</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2017">(2017 est.)</span> </div> <div> <span class="category">country comparison to the world:</span> <span class="category_data"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/225rank.html#ET">203</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-economy-budget-surplus-or-deficit"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#226">Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry records the difference between national government revenues and expenditures, expressed as a percent of GDP. A positive (+) number indicates that revenues exceeded expenditures (a budget surplus), while a negative (-) number indicates the reverse (a budget deficit). Normalizing the data, by dividing the budget balance by GDP, enables easy comparisons across countries and indicates whether a national government saves or borrows money. Countries with high budget deficits (relat . . . <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#226">more</a> </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/226.html#ET"><img alt="Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) field listing" title="Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-budget-surplus-or-deficit"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-number">-3.2% (of GDP)</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2017">(2017 est.)</span> </div> <div> <span class="category">country comparison to the world:</span> <span class="category_data"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/226rank.html#ET">139</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-economy-public-debt"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Public debt field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#227">Public debt</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry records the cumulative total of all government borrowings less repayments that are denominated in a country's home currency. Public debt should not be confused with external debt, which reflects the foreign currency liabilities of both the private and public sector and must be financed out of foreign exchange earnings. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/227.html#ET"><img alt="Public debt field listing" title="Public debt field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-public-debt"> <div class="category_data subfield historic"> <span class="subfield-number">54.2% of GDP</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2017">(2017 est.)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield historic"> <span class="subfield-number">53.2% of GDP</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2016">(2016 est.)</span> </div> <div> <span class="category">country comparison to the world:</span> <span class="category_data"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/227rank.html#ET">83</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-economy-fiscal-year"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Fiscal year field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#228">Fiscal year</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry identifies the beginning and ending months for a country's accounting period of 12 months, which often is the calendar year but which may begin in any month. All yearly references are for the calendar year (CY) unless indicated as a noncalendar fiscal year (FY). </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/228.html#ET"><img alt="Fiscal year field listing" title="Fiscal year field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-fiscal-year"> <div class="category_data subfield text"> 8 July - 7 July </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-economy-inflation-rate-consumer-prices"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Inflation rate (consumer prices) field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#229">Inflation rate (consumer prices)</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry furnishes the annual percent change in consumer prices compared with the previous year's consumer prices. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/229.html#ET"><img alt="Inflation rate (consumer prices) field listing" title="Inflation rate (consumer prices) field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-inflation-rate-consumer-prices"> <div class="category_data subfield historic"> <span class="subfield-number">9.9%</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2017">(2017 est.)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield historic"> <span class="subfield-number">7.3%</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2016">(2016 est.)</span> </div> <div> <span class="category">country comparison to the world:</span> <span class="category_data"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/229rank.html#ET">203</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-economy-central-bank-discount-rate"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Central bank discount rate field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#230">Central bank discount rate</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry provides the annualized interest rate a country's central bank charges commercial, depository banks for loans to meet temporary shortages of funds. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/230.html#ET"><img alt="Central bank discount rate field listing" title="Central bank discount rate field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-central-bank-discount-rate"> <div class="category_data note"> <p>NA</p> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-economy-commercial-bank-prime-lending-rate"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Commercial bank prime lending rate field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#231">Commercial bank prime lending rate</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry provides a simple average of annualized interest rates commercial banks charge on new loans, denominated in the national currency, to their most credit-worthy customers. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/231.html#ET"><img alt="Commercial bank prime lending rate field listing" title="Commercial bank prime lending rate field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-commercial-bank-prime-lending-rate"> <div class="category_data subfield historic"> <span class="subfield-number">13.5%</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 31 December 2017">(31 December 2017 est.)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield historic"> <span class="subfield-number">12.2%</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 31 December 2016">(31 December 2016 est.)</span> </div> <div> <span class="category">country comparison to the world:</span> <span class="category_data"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/231rank.html#ET">54</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-economy-stock-of-narrow-money"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Stock of narrow money field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#234">Stock of narrow money</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry, also known as "M1," comprises the total quantity of currency in circulation (notes and coins) plus demand deposits denominated in the national currency held by nonbank financial institutions, state and local governments, nonfinancial public enterprises, and the private sector of the economy, measured at a specific point in time. National currency units have been converted to US dollars at the closing exchange rate for the date of the information. Because of exchange rate moveme . . . <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#234">more</a> </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/234.html#ET"><img alt="Stock of narrow money field listing" title="Stock of narrow money field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-stock-of-narrow-money"> <div class="category_data subfield historic"> <span class="subfield-number">$9.042 billion</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 31 December 2017">(31 December 2017 est.)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield historic"> <span class="subfield-number">$8.757 billion</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 31 December 2016">(31 December 2016 est.)</span> </div> <div> <span class="category">country comparison to the world:</span> <span class="category_data"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/234rank.html#ET">85</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-economy-stock-of-broad-money"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Stock of broad money field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#235">Stock of broad money</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry covers all of "Narrow money," plus the total quantity of time and savings deposits, credit union deposits, institutional money market funds, short-term repurchase agreements between the central bank and commercial deposit banks, and other large liquid assets held by nonbank financial institutions, state and local governments, nonfinancial public enterprises, and the private sector of the economy. National currency units have been converted to US dollars at the closing exchange r . . . <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#235">more</a> </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/235.html#ET"><img alt="Stock of broad money field listing" title="Stock of broad money field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-stock-of-broad-money"> <div class="category_data subfield historic"> <span class="subfield-number">$9.042 billion</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 31 December 2017">(31 December 2017 est.)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield historic"> <span class="subfield-number">$8.757 billion</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 31 December 2016">(31 December 2016 est.)</span> </div> <div> <span class="category">country comparison to the world:</span> <span class="category_data"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/235rank.html#ET">87</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-economy-stock-of-domestic-credit"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Stock of domestic credit field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#236">Stock of domestic credit</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry is the total quantity of credit, denominated in the domestic currency, provided by financial institutions to the central bank, state and local governments, public non-financial corporations, and the private sector. The national currency units have been converted to US dollars at the closing exchange rate on the date of the information. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/236.html#ET"><img alt="Stock of domestic credit field listing" title="Stock of domestic credit field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-stock-of-domestic-credit"> <div class="category_data subfield historic"> <span class="subfield-number">$27.66 billion</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 31 December 2017">(31 December 2017 est.)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield historic"> <span class="subfield-number">$25.78 billion</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 31 December 2016">(31 December 2016 est.)</span> </div> <div> <span class="category">country comparison to the world:</span> <span class="category_data"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/236rank.html#ET">84</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-economy-market-value-of-publicly-traded-shares"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Market value of publicly traded shares field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#237">Market value of publicly traded shares</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry gives the value of shares issued by publicly traded companies at a price determined in the national stock markets on the final day of the period indicated. It is simply the latest price per share multiplied by the total number of outstanding shares, cumulated over all companies listed on the particular exchange. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/237.html#ET"><img alt="Market value of publicly traded shares field listing" title="Market value of publicly traded shares field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-market-value-of-publicly-traded-shares"> <div class="category_data note"> <p>NA</p> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-economy-current-account-balance"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Current account balance field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#238">Current account balance</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry records a country's net trade in goods and services, plus net earnings from rents, interest, profits, and dividends, and net transfer payments (such as pension funds and worker remittances) to and from the rest of the world during the period specified. These figures are calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/238.html#ET"><img alt="Current account balance field listing" title="Current account balance field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-current-account-balance"> <div class="category_data subfield historic"> <span class="subfield-number">-$6.551 billion</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2017">(2017 est.)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield historic"> <span class="subfield-number">-$6.574 billion</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2016">(2016 est.)</span> </div> <div> <span class="category">country comparison to the world:</span> <span class="category_data"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/238rank.html#ET">187</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-economy-exports"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Exports field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#239">Exports</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry provides the total US dollar amount of merchandise exports on an f.o.b. (free on board) basis. These figures are calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/239.html#ET"><img alt="Exports field listing" title="Exports field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-exports"> <div class="category_data subfield historic"> <span class="subfield-number">$3.23 billion</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2017">(2017 est.)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield historic"> <span class="subfield-number">$2.814 billion</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2016">(2016 est.)</span> </div> <div> <span class="category">country comparison to the world:</span> <span class="category_data"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/239rank.html#ET">127</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-economy-exports-partners"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Exports - partners field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#241">Exports - partners</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry provides a rank ordering of trading partners starting with the most important; it sometimes includes the percent of total dollar value. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/241.html#ET"><img alt="Exports - partners field listing" title="Exports - partners field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-exports-partners"> <div class="category_data subfield text"> Sudan 23.3%, Switzerland 10.2%, China 8.1%, Somalia 6.6%, Netherlands 6.2%, US 4.7%, Germany 4.7%, Saudi Arabia 4.6%, UK 4.6% <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2017">(2017)</span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-economy-exports-commodities"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Exports - commodities field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#240">Exports - commodities</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry provides a listing of the highest-valued exported products; it sometimes includes the percent of total dollar value. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/240.html#ET"><img alt="Exports - commodities field listing" title="Exports - commodities field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-exports-commodities"> <div class="category_data subfield text"> coffee (27%, by value), oilseeds (17%), edible vegetables including khat (17%), gold (13%), flowers (7%), live animals (7%), raw leather products (3%), meat products (3%) </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-economy-imports"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Imports field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#242">Imports</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry provides the total US dollar amount of merchandise imports on a c.i.f. (cost, insurance, and freight) or f.o.b. (free on board) basis. These figures are calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/242.html#ET"><img alt="Imports field listing" title="Imports field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-imports"> <div class="category_data subfield historic"> <span class="subfield-number">$15.59 billion</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2017">(2017 est.)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield historic"> <span class="subfield-number">$14.69 billion</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2016">(2016 est.)</span> </div> <div> <span class="category">country comparison to the world:</span> <span class="category_data"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/242rank.html#ET">89</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-economy-imports-commodities"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Imports - commodities field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#243">Imports - commodities</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry provides a listing of the highest-valued imported products; it sometimes includes the percent of total dollar value. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/243.html#ET"><img alt="Imports - commodities field listing" title="Imports - commodities field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-imports-commodities"> <div class="category_data subfield text"> machinery and aircraft (14%, by value), metal and metal products, (14%), electrical materials, (13%), petroleum products (12%), motor vehicles, (10%), chemicals and fertilizers (4%) </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-economy-imports-partners"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Imports - partners field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#403">Imports - partners</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry provides a rank ordering of trading partners starting with the most important; it sometimes includes the percent of total dollar value. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/403.html#ET"><img alt="Imports - partners field listing" title="Imports - partners field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-imports-partners"> <div class="category_data subfield text"> China 24.1%, Saudi Arabia 10.1%, India 6.4%, Kuwait 5.3%, France 5.2% <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2017">(2017)</span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-economy-reserves-of-foreign-exchange-and-gold"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Reserves of foreign exchange and gold field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#245">Reserves of foreign exchange and gold</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry gives the dollar value for the stock of all financial assets that are available to the central monetary authority for use in meeting a country's balance of payments needs as of the end-date of the period specified. This category includes not only foreign currency and gold, but also a country's holdings of Special Drawing Rights in the International Monetary Fund, and its reserve position in the Fund. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/245.html#ET"><img alt="Reserves of foreign exchange and gold field listing" title="Reserves of foreign exchange and gold field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-reserves-of-foreign-exchange-and-gold"> <div class="category_data subfield historic"> <span class="subfield-number">$3.013 billion</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 31 December 2017">(31 December 2017 est.)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield historic"> <span class="subfield-number">$3.022 billion</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 31 December 2016">(31 December 2016 est.)</span> </div> <div> <span class="category">country comparison to the world:</span> <span class="category_data"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/245rank.html#ET">110</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-economy-debt-external"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Debt - external field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#246">Debt - external</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry gives the total public and private debt owed to nonresidents repayable in internationally accepted currencies, goods, or services. These figures are calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/246.html#ET"><img alt="Debt - external field listing" title="Debt - external field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-debt-external"> <div class="category_data subfield historic"> <span class="subfield-number">$26.05 billion</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 31 December 2017">(31 December 2017 est.)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield historic"> <span class="subfield-number">$24.82 billion</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 31 December 2016">(31 December 2016 est.)</span> </div> <div> <span class="category">country comparison to the world:</span> <span class="category_data"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/246rank.html#ET">87</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-economy-stock-of-direct-foreign-investment-at-home"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Stock of direct foreign investment - at home field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#247">Stock of direct foreign investment - at home</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry gives the cumulative US dollar value of all investments in the home country made directly by residents - primarily companies - of other countries as of the end of the time period indicated. Direct investment excludes investment through purchase of shares. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/247.html#ET"><img alt="Stock of direct foreign investment - at home field listing" title="Stock of direct foreign investment - at home field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-stock-of-direct-foreign-investment-at-home"> <div class="category_data subfield historic"> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 31 December 2009">(31 December 2009 est.)</span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-economy-exchange-rates"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Exchange rates field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#249">Exchange rates</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry provides the average annual price of a country's monetary unit for the time period specified, expressed in units of local currency per US dollar, as determined by international market forces or by official fiat. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 4217 alphabetic currency code for the national medium of exchange is presented in parenthesis. Closing daily exchange rates are not presented in The World Factbook, but are used to convert stock values - e.g., the . . . <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#249">more</a> </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/249.html#ET"><img alt="Exchange rates field listing" title="Exchange rates field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-exchange-rates"> <div class="category_data subfield text"> birr (ETB) per US dollar - </div> <div class="category_data subfield historic"> <span class="subfield-number">25</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2017">(2017 est.)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield historic"> <span class="subfield-number">21.732</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2016">(2016 est.)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield historic"> <span class="subfield-number">21.732</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2015">(2015 est.)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield historic"> <span class="subfield-number">21.55</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2014">(2014 est.)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield historic"> <span class="subfield-number">19.8</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2013">(2013 est.)</span> </div> </div> </li> <li id="energy-category-section-anchor"> <a href="#" class="tabHead"> <div class="question afr_med" sectiontitle="Energy" ccode="et" style="border-bottom: 2px solid white;"> Energy :: <span class="region">Ethiopia</span> </div> </a> </li> <li id="energy-category-section"> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-energy-electricity-access"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Electricity access field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#251">Electricity access</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry provides information on access to electricity. Electrification data – collected from industry reports, national surveys, and international sources – consists of four subfields. Population without electricity provides an estimate of the number of citizens that do not have access to electricity. Electrification – total population is the percent of a country’s total population with access to electricity, electrification – urban areas is the percent of a country’s urban population w . . . <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#251">more</a> </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/251.html#ET"><img alt="Electricity access field listing" title="Electricity access field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-electricity-access"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">population without electricity:</span> <span class="subfield-number">71.2 million</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2013">(2013)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">electrification - total population:</span> <span class="subfield-number">24%</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2013">(2013)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">electrification - urban areas:</span> <span class="subfield-number">85%</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2013">(2013)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">electrification - rural areas:</span> <span class="subfield-number">10%</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2013">(2013)</span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-energy-electricity-production"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Electricity - production field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#252">Electricity - production</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry is the annual electricity generated expressed in kilowatt-hours. The discrepancy between the amount of electricity generated and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is accounted for as loss in transmission and distribution. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/252.html#ET"><img alt="Electricity - production field listing" title="Electricity - production field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-electricity-production"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-number">11.15 billion kWh</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2016">(2016 est.)</span> </div> <div> <span class="category">country comparison to the world:</span> <span class="category_data"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/252rank.html#ET">99</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-energy-electricity-consumption"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Electricity - consumption field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#253">Electricity - consumption</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry consists of total electricity generated annually plus imports and minus exports, expressed in kilowatt-hours. The discrepancy between the amount of electricity generated and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is accounted for as loss in transmission and distribution. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/253.html#ET"><img alt="Electricity - consumption field listing" title="Electricity - consumption field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-electricity-consumption"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-number">9.062 billion kWh</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2016">(2016 est.)</span> </div> <div> <span class="category">country comparison to the world:</span> <span class="category_data"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/253rank.html#ET">100</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-energy-electricity-exports"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Electricity - exports field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#254">Electricity - exports</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry is the total exported electricity in kilowatt-hours. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/254.html#ET"><img alt="Electricity - exports field listing" title="Electricity - exports field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-electricity-exports"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-number">166 million kWh</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2015">(2015 est.)</span> </div> <div> <span class="category">country comparison to the world:</span> <span class="category_data"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/254rank.html#ET">78</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-energy-electricity-imports"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Electricity - imports field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#255">Electricity - imports</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry is the total imported electricity in kilowatt-hours. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/255.html#ET"><img alt="Electricity - imports field listing" title="Electricity - imports field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-electricity-imports"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-number">0 kWh</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2016">(2016 est.)</span> </div> <div> <span class="category">country comparison to the world:</span> <span class="category_data"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/255rank.html#ET">146</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-energy-electricity-installed-generating-capacity"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Electricity - installed generating capacity field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#256">Electricity - installed generating capacity</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry is the total capacity of currently installed generators, expressed in kilowatts (kW), to produce electricity. A 10-kilowatt (kW) generator will produce 10 kilowatt hours (kWh) of electricity, if it runs continuously for one hour. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/256.html#ET"><img alt="Electricity - installed generating capacity field listing" title="Electricity - installed generating capacity field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-electricity-installed-generating-capacity"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-number">2.784 million kW</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2016">(2016 est.)</span> </div> <div> <span class="category">country comparison to the world:</span> <span class="category_data"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/256rank.html#ET">99</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-energy-electricity-from-fossil-fuels"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Electricity - from fossil fuels field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#257">Electricity - from fossil fuels</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry measures the capacity of plants that generate electricity by burning fossil fuels (such as coal, petroleum products, and natural gas), expressed as a share of the country's total generating capacity. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/257.html#ET"><img alt="Electricity - from fossil fuels field listing" title="Electricity - from fossil fuels field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-electricity-from-fossil-fuels"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-number">3% of total installed capacity</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2016">(2016 est.)</span> </div> <div> <span class="category">country comparison to the world:</span> <span class="category_data"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/257rank.html#ET">207</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-energy-electricity-from-nuclear-fuels"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Electricity - from nuclear fuels field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#258">Electricity - from nuclear fuels</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry measures the capacity of plants that generate electricity through radioactive decay of nuclear fuel, expressed as a share of the country's total generating capacity. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/258.html#ET"><img alt="Electricity - from nuclear fuels field listing" title="Electricity - from nuclear fuels field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-electricity-from-nuclear-fuels"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-number">0% of total installed capacity</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2017">(2017 est.)</span> </div> <div> <span class="category">country comparison to the world:</span> <span class="category_data"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/258rank.html#ET">88</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-energy-electricity-from-hydroelectric-plants"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Electricity - from hydroelectric plants field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#259">Electricity - from hydroelectric plants</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry measures the capacity of plants that generate electricity by water-driven turbines, expressed as a share of the country's total generating capacity. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/259.html#ET"><img alt="Electricity - from hydroelectric plants field listing" title="Electricity - from hydroelectric plants field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-electricity-from-hydroelectric-plants"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-number">86% of total installed capacity</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2017">(2017 est.)</span> </div> <div> <span class="category">country comparison to the world:</span> <span class="category_data"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/259rank.html#ET">11</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-energy-electricity-from-other-renewable-sources"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Electricity - from other renewable sources field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#260">Electricity - from other renewable sources</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry measures the capacity of plants that generate electricity by using renewable energy sources other than hydroelectric (including, for example, wind, waves, solar, and geothermal), expressed as a share of the country's total generating capacity. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/260.html#ET"><img alt="Electricity - from other renewable sources field listing" title="Electricity - from other renewable sources field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-electricity-from-other-renewable-sources"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-number">11% of total installed capacity</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2017">(2017 est.)</span> </div> <div> <span class="category">country comparison to the world:</span> <span class="category_data"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/260rank.html#ET">76</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-energy-crude-oil-production"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Crude oil - production field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#261">Crude oil - production</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry is the total amount of crude oil produced, in barrels per day (bbl/day). </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/261.html#ET"><img alt="Crude oil - production field listing" title="Crude oil - production field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-crude-oil-production"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-number">0 bbl/day</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2017">(2017 est.)</span> </div> <div> <span class="category">country comparison to the world:</span> <span class="category_data"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/261rank.html#ET">133</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-energy-crude-oil-exports"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Crude oil - exports field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#262">Crude oil - exports</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry is the total amount of crude oil exported, in barrels per day (bbl/day). </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/262.html#ET"><img alt="Crude oil - exports field listing" title="Crude oil - exports field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-crude-oil-exports"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-number">0 bbl/day</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2015">(2015 est.)</span> </div> <div> <span class="category">country comparison to the world:</span> <span class="category_data"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/262rank.html#ET">121</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-energy-crude-oil-imports"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Crude oil - imports field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#263">Crude oil - imports</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry is the total amount of crude oil imported, in barrels per day (bbl/day). </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/263.html#ET"><img alt="Crude oil - imports field listing" title="Crude oil - imports field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-crude-oil-imports"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-number">0 bbl/day</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2015">(2015 est.)</span> </div> <div> <span class="category">country comparison to the world:</span> <span class="category_data"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/263rank.html#ET">125</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-energy-crude-oil-proved-reserves"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Crude oil - proved reserves field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#264">Crude oil - proved reserves</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry is the stock of proved reserves of crude oil, in barrels (bbl). Proved reserves are those quantities of petroleum which, by analysis of geological and engineering data, can be estimated with a high degree of confidence to be commercially recoverable from a given date forward, from known reservoirs and under current economic conditions. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/264.html#ET"><img alt="Crude oil - proved reserves field listing" title="Crude oil - proved reserves field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-crude-oil-proved-reserves"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-number">428,000 bbl</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 1 January 2018">(1 January 2018 est.)</span> </div> <div> <span class="category">country comparison to the world:</span> <span class="category_data"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/264rank.html#ET">98</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-energy-refined-petroleum-products-production"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Refined petroleum products - production field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#265">Refined petroleum products - production</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry is the country's total output of refined petroleum products, in barrels per day (bbl/day). The discrepancy between the amount of refined petroleum products produced and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is due to the omission of stock changes, refinery gains, and other complicating factors. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/265.html#ET"><img alt="Refined petroleum products - production field listing" title="Refined petroleum products - production field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-refined-petroleum-products-production"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-number">0 bbl/day</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2017">(2017 est.)</span> </div> <div> <span class="category">country comparison to the world:</span> <span class="category_data"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/265rank.html#ET">143</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-energy-refined-petroleum-products-consumption"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Refined petroleum products - consumption field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#266">Refined petroleum products - consumption</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry is the country's total consumption of refined petroleum products, in barrels per day (bbl/day). The discrepancy between the amount of refined petroleum products produced and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is due to the omission of stock changes, refinery gains, and other complicating factors. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/266.html#ET"><img alt="Refined petroleum products - consumption field listing" title="Refined petroleum products - consumption field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-refined-petroleum-products-consumption"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-number">74,000 bbl/day</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2016">(2016 est.)</span> </div> <div> <span class="category">country comparison to the world:</span> <span class="category_data"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/266rank.html#ET">89</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-energy-refined-petroleum-products-exports"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Refined petroleum products - exports field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#267">Refined petroleum products - exports</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry is the country's total exports of refined petroleum products, in barrels per day (bbl/day). </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/267.html#ET"><img alt="Refined petroleum products - exports field listing" title="Refined petroleum products - exports field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-refined-petroleum-products-exports"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-number">0 bbl/day</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2015">(2015 est.)</span> </div> <div> <span class="category">country comparison to the world:</span> <span class="category_data"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/267rank.html#ET">153</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-energy-refined-petroleum-products-imports"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Refined petroleum products - imports field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#268">Refined petroleum products - imports</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry is the country's total imports of refined petroleum products, in barrels per day (bbl/day). </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/268.html#ET"><img alt="Refined petroleum products - imports field listing" title="Refined petroleum products - imports field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-refined-petroleum-products-imports"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-number">69,970 bbl/day</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2015">(2015 est.)</span> </div> <div> <span class="category">country comparison to the world:</span> <span class="category_data"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/268rank.html#ET">67</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-energy-natural-gas-production"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Natural gas - production field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#269">Natural gas - production</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry is the total natural gas produced in cubic meters (cu m). The discrepancy between the amount of natural gas produced and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is due to the omission of stock changes and other complicating factors. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/269.html#ET"><img alt="Natural gas - production field listing" title="Natural gas - production field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-natural-gas-production"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-number">0 cu m</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2017">(2017 est.)</span> </div> <div> <span class="category">country comparison to the world:</span> <span class="category_data"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/269rank.html#ET">130</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-energy-natural-gas-consumption"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Natural gas - consumption field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#270">Natural gas - consumption</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry is the total natural gas consumed in cubic meters (cu m). The discrepancy between the amount of natural gas produced and/or imported and the amount consumed and/or exported is due to the omission of stock changes and other complicating factors. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/270.html#ET"><img alt="Natural gas - consumption field listing" title="Natural gas - consumption field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-natural-gas-consumption"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-number">0 cu m</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2017">(2017 est.)</span> </div> <div> <span class="category">country comparison to the world:</span> <span class="category_data"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/270rank.html#ET">144</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-energy-natural-gas-exports"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Natural gas - exports field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#271">Natural gas - exports</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry is the total natural gas exported in cubic meters (cu m). </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/271.html#ET"><img alt="Natural gas - exports field listing" title="Natural gas - exports field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-natural-gas-exports"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-number">0 cu m</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2017">(2017 est.)</span> </div> <div> <span class="category">country comparison to the world:</span> <span class="category_data"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/271rank.html#ET">102</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-energy-natural-gas-imports"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Natural gas - imports field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#272">Natural gas - imports</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry is the total natural gas imported in cubic meters (cu m). </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/272.html#ET"><img alt="Natural gas - imports field listing" title="Natural gas - imports field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-natural-gas-imports"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-number">0 cu m</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2017">(2017 est.)</span> </div> <div> <span class="category">country comparison to the world:</span> <span class="category_data"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/272rank.html#ET">123</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-energy-natural-gas-proved-reserves"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Natural gas - proved reserves field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#273">Natural gas - proved reserves</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry is the stock of proved reserves of natural gas in cubic meters (cu m). Proved reserves are those quantities of natural gas, which, by analysis of geological and engineering data, can be estimated with a high degree of confidence to be commercially recoverable from a given date forward, from known reservoirs and under current economic conditions. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/273.html#ET"><img alt="Natural gas - proved reserves field listing" title="Natural gas - proved reserves field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-natural-gas-proved-reserves"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-number">24.92 billion cu m</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 1 January 2018">(1 January 2018 est.)</span> </div> <div> <span class="category">country comparison to the world:</span> <span class="category_data"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/273rank.html#ET">72</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-energy-carbon-dioxide-emissions-from-consumption-of-energy"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#274">Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry is the total amount of carbon dioxide, measured in metric tons, released by burning fossil fuels in the process of producing and consuming energy. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/274.html#ET"><img alt="Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy field listing" title="Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-carbon-dioxide-emissions-from-consumption-of-energy"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-number">12.18 million Mt</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2017">(2017 est.)</span> </div> <div> <span class="category">country comparison to the world:</span> <span class="category_data"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/274rank.html#ET">99</a> </span> </div> </div> </li> <li id="communications-category-section-anchor"> <a href="#" class="tabHead"> <div class="question afr_med" sectiontitle="Communications" ccode="et" style="border-bottom: 2px solid white;"> Communications :: <span class="region">Ethiopia</span> </div> </a> </li> <li id="communications-category-section"> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-communications-telephones-fixed-lines"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Telephones - fixed lines field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#196">Telephones - fixed lines</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry gives the total number of fixed telephone lines in use, as well as the number of subscriptions per 100 inhabitants. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/196.html#ET"><img alt="Telephones - fixed lines field listing" title="Telephones - fixed lines field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-telephones-fixed-lines"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">total subscriptions:</span> <span class="subfield-number">1.181 million</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2017">(2017 est.)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">subscriptions per 100 inhabitants:</span> <span class="subfield-number">1</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2017">(2017 est.)</span> </div> <div> <span class="category">country comparison to the world:</span> <span class="category_data"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/196rank.html#ET">70</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-communications-telephones-mobile-cellular"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Telephones - mobile cellular field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#197">Telephones - mobile cellular</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry gives the total number of mobile cellular telephone subscribers, as well as the number of subscriptions per 100 inhabitants. Note that because of the ubiquity of mobile phone use in developed countries, the number of subscriptions per 100 inhabitants can exceed 100. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/197.html#ET"><img alt="Telephones - mobile cellular field listing" title="Telephones - mobile cellular field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-telephones-mobile-cellular"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">total subscriptions:</span> <span class="subfield-number">62.617 million</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">subscriptions per 100 inhabitants:</span> <span class="subfield-number">59</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2017">(2017 est.)</span> </div> <div> <span class="category">country comparison to the world:</span> <span class="category_data"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/197rank.html#ET">24</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-communications-telephone-system"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Telephone system field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#198">Telephone system</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry includes a brief general assessment of the system with details on the domestic and international components. The following terms and abbreviations are used throughout the entry: Arabsat - Arab Satellite Communications Organization (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia). Autodin - Automatic Digital Network (US Department of Defense). CB - citizen's band mobile radio communications. Cellular telephone system - the telephones in this system are radio transceivers, with each instrument having its o . . . <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#198">more</a> </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/198.html#ET"><img alt="Telephone system field listing" title="Telephone system field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-telephone-system"> <div class="category_data subfield text"> <span class="subfield-name">general assessment:</span> Ethio Telecom maintains a monopoly over telecommunication services; open-wire, microwave radio relay; radio communication in the HF, VHF, and UHF frequencies; mobile broadband services via 3G and LTE networks; 2 domestic satellites provide the national trunk service; international Internet bandwidth increased 56% in 2016 to reach 35 Gb/s <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2017">(2017)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield text"> <span class="subfield-name">domestic:</span> fixed-line subscriptions at 1 per 100 while mobile-cellular stands at 59 per 100; the number of mobile telephones is increasing steadily <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2017">(2017)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield text"> <span class="subfield-name">international:</span> country code - 251; open-wire to Sudan and Djibouti; microwave radio relay to Kenya and Djibouti; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Pacific Ocean) <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2016">(2016)</span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-communications-broadcast-media"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Broadcast media field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#199">Broadcast media</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry provides information on the approximate number of public and private TV and radio stations in a country, as well as basic information on the availability of satellite and cable TV services. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/199.html#ET"><img alt="Broadcast media field listing" title="Broadcast media field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-broadcast-media"> <div class="category_data subfield text"> 6 public TV stations broadcasting nationally and 10 public radio broadcasters; 7 private radio stations and 19 community radio stations <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2017">(2017)</span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-communications-internet-country-code"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Internet country code field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#202">Internet country code</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry includes the two-letter codes maintained by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in the ISO 3166 Alpha-2 list and used by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) to establish country-coded top-level domains (ccTLDs). </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/202.html#ET"><img alt="Internet country code field listing" title="Internet country code field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-internet-country-code"> <div class="category_data subfield text"> .et </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-communications-internet-users"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Internet users field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#204">Internet users</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry gives the total number of individuals within a country who can access the Internet at home, via any device type (computer or mobile) and connection. The percent of population with Internet access (i.e., the penetration rate) helps gauge how widespread Internet use is within a country. Statistics vary from country to country and may include users who access the Internet at least several times a week to those who access it only once within a period of several months. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/204.html#ET"><img alt="Internet users field listing" title="Internet users field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-internet-users"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">total:</span> <span class="subfield-number">15,731,741</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: July 2016">(July 2016 est.)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">percent of population:</span> <span class="subfield-number">15.4%</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: July 2016">(July 2016 est.)</span> </div> <div> <span class="category">country comparison to the world:</span> <span class="category_data"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/204rank.html#ET">38</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-communications-broadband-fixed-subscriptions"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Broadband - fixed subscriptions field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#206">Broadband - fixed subscriptions</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry gives the total number of fixed-broadband subscriptions, as well as the number of subscriptions per 100 inhabitants. Fixed broadband is a physical wired connection to the Internet (e.g., coaxial cable, optical fiber) at speeds equal to or greater than 256 kilobits/second (256 kbit/s). </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/206.html#ET"><img alt="Broadband - fixed subscriptions field listing" title="Broadband - fixed subscriptions field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-broadband-fixed-subscriptions"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">total:</span> <span class="subfield-number">580,120</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2017">(2017 est.)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">subscriptions per 100 inhabitants:</span> <span class="subfield-number">1</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2017">(2017 est.)</span> </div> <div> <span class="category">country comparison to the world:</span> <span class="category_data"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/206rank.html#ET">79</a> </span> </div> </div> </li> <li id="transportation-category-section-anchor"> <a href="#" class="tabHead"> <div class="question afr_med" sectiontitle="Transportation" ccode="et" style="border-bottom: 2px solid white;"> Transportation :: <span class="region">Ethiopia</span> </div> </a> </li> <li id="transportation-category-section"> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-transportation-national-air-transport-system"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the National air transport system field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#377">National air transport system</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry includes four subfields describing the air transport system of a given country in terms of both structure and performance. The first subfield, number of registered air carriers, indicates the total number of air carriers registered with the country’s national aviation authority and issued an air operator certificate as required by the Convention on International Civil Aviation. The second subfield, inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers, lists the total number . . . <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#377">more</a> </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/377.html#ET"><img alt="National air transport system field listing" title="National air transport system field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-national-air-transport-system"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">number of registered air carriers:</span> <span class="subfield-number">1</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2015">(2015)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers:</span> <span class="subfield-number">75</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2015">(2015)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers:</span> <span class="subfield-number">7,074,779</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2015">(2015)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">annual freight traffic on registered air carriers:</span> <span class="subfield-number">1,228,738,320</span> <span class="subfield-note">mt-km</span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2015">(2015)</span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-transportation-civil-aircraft-registration-country-code-prefix"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Civil aircraft registration country code prefix field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#378">Civil aircraft registration country code prefix</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry provides the one- or two-character alphanumeric code indicating the nationality of civil aircraft. Article 20 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation (Chicago Convention), signed in 1944, requires that all aircraft engaged in international air navigation bear appropriate nationality marks. The aircraft registration number consists of two parts: a prefix consisting of a one- or two-character alphanumeric code indicating nationality and a registration suffix of one to fi . . . <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#378">more</a> </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/378.html#ET"><img alt="Civil aircraft registration country code prefix field listing" title="Civil aircraft registration country code prefix field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-civil-aircraft-registration-country-code-prefix"> <div class="category_data subfield text"> ET <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2016">(2016)</span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-transportation-airports"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Airports field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#379">Airports</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry gives the total number of airports or airfields recognizable from the air. The runway(s) may be paved (concrete or asphalt surfaces) or unpaved (grass, earth, sand, or gravel surfaces) and may include closed or abandoned installations. Airports or airfields that are no longer recognizable (overgrown, no facilities, etc.) are not included. Note that not all airports have accommodations for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/379.html#ET"><img alt="Airports field listing" title="Airports field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-airports"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-number">57</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2013">(2013)</span> </div> <div> <span class="category">country comparison to the world:</span> <span class="category_data"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/379rank.html#ET">83</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-transportation-airports-with-paved-runways"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Airports - with paved runways field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#380">Airports - with paved runways</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry gives the total number of airports with paved runways (concrete or asphalt surfaces) by length. For airports with more than one runway, only the longest runway is included according to the following five groups - (1) over 3,047 m (over 10,000 ft), (2) 2,438 to 3,047 m (8,000 to 10,000 ft), (3) 1,524 to 2,437 m (5,000 to 8,000 ft), (4) 914 to 1,523 m (3,000 to 5,000 ft), and (5) under 914 m (under 3,000 ft). Only airports with usable runways are included in this listing. Not all . . . <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#380">more</a> </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/380.html#ET"><img alt="Airports - with paved runways field listing" title="Airports - with paved runways field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-airports-with-paved-runways"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">total:</span> <span class="subfield-number">17</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2017">(2017)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">over 3,047 m:</span> <span class="subfield-number">3</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2017">(2017)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">2,438 to 3,047 m:</span> <span class="subfield-number">8</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2017">(2017)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">1,524 to 2,437 m:</span> <span class="subfield-number">4</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2017">(2017)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">under 914 m:</span> <span class="subfield-number">2</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2017">(2017)</span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-transportation-airports-with-unpaved-runways"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Airports - with unpaved runways field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#381">Airports - with unpaved runways</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry gives the total number of airports with unpaved runways (grass, dirt, sand, or gravel surfaces) by length. For airports with more than one runway, only the longest runway is included according to the following five groups - (1) over 3,047 m (over 10,000 ft), (2) 2,438 to 3,047 m (8,000 to 10,000 ft), (3) 1,524 to 2,437 m (5,000 to 8,000 ft), (4) 914 to 1,523 m (3,000 to 5,000 ft), and (5) under 914 m (under 3,000 ft). Only airports with usable runways are included in this listin . . . <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#381">more</a> </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/381.html#ET"><img alt="Airports - with unpaved runways field listing" title="Airports - with unpaved runways field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-airports-with-unpaved-runways"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">total:</span> <span class="subfield-number">40</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2013">(2013)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">2,438 to 3,047 m:</span> <span class="subfield-number">3</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2013">(2013)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">1,524 to 2,437 m:</span> <span class="subfield-number">9</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2013">(2013)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">914 to 1,523 m:</span> <span class="subfield-number">20</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2013">(2013)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">under 914 m:</span> <span class="subfield-number">8</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2013">(2013)</span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-transportation-railways"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Railways field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#384">Railways</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry states the total route length of the railway network and of its component parts by gauge, which is the measure of the distance between the inner sides of the load-bearing rails. The four typical types of gauges are: broad, standard, narrow, and dual. Other gauges are listed under note. Some 60% of the world's railways use the standard gauge of 1.4 m (4.7 ft). Gauges vary by country and sometimes within countries. The choice of gauge during initial construction was mainly in resp . . . <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#384">more</a> </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/384.html#ET"><img alt="Railways field listing" title="Railways field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-railways"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">total:</span> <span class="subfield-number">659 km</span> <span class="subfield-note">(Ethiopian segment of the 756 km Addis Ababa-Djibouti railroad)</span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2017">(2017)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">standard gauge:</span> <span class="subfield-number">659 km</span> <span class="subfield-note">1.435-m gauge</span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2017">(2017)</span> </div> <div class="category_data note"> <p><strong>note:</strong> electric railway with redundant power supplies; under joint control of Djibouti and Ethiopia and managed by a Chinese contractor</p> </div> <div> <span class="category">country comparison to the world:</span> <span class="category_data"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/384rank.html#ET">105</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-transportation-roadways"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Roadways field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#385">Roadways</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry gives the total length of the road network and includes the length of the paved and unpaved portions. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/385.html#ET"><img alt="Roadways field listing" title="Roadways field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-roadways"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">total:</span> <span class="subfield-number">110,414 km</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2015">(2015)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">paved:</span> <span class="subfield-number">14,354 km</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2015">(2015)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">unpaved:</span> <span class="subfield-number">96,060 km</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2015">(2015)</span> </div> <div> <span class="category">country comparison to the world:</span> <span class="category_data"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/385rank.html#ET">44</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-transportation-merchant-marine"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Merchant marine field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#387">Merchant marine</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> Merchant marine may be defined as all ships engaged in the carriage of goods; or all commercial vessels (as opposed to all nonmilitary ships), which excludes tugs, fishing vessels, offshore oil rigs, etc. This entry contains information in four fields - total, ships by type, foreign-owned, and registered in other countries. Total includes the number of ships (1,000 GRT or over), total DWT for those ships, and total GRT for those ships. DWT or dead weight tonnage is the total weight of ca . . . <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#387">more</a> </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/387.html#ET"><img alt="Merchant marine field listing" title="Merchant marine field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-merchant-marine"> <div class="category_data subfield numeric"> <span class="subfield-name">total:</span> <span class="subfield-number">11</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2017">(2017)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield text"> <span class="subfield-name">by type:</span> general cargo 9, oil tanker 2 <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2017">(2017)</span> </div> <div> <span class="category">country comparison to the world:</span> <span class="category_data"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/387rank.html#ET">146</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-transportation-ports-and-terminals"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Ports and terminals field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#388">Ports and terminals</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry lists major ports and terminals primarily on the basis of the amount of cargo tonnage shipped through the facilities on an annual basis. In some instances, the number of containers handled or ship visits were also considered. Most ports service multiple classes of vessels including bulk carriers (dry and liquid), break bulk cargoes (goods loaded individually in bags, boxes, crates, or drums; sometimes palletized), containers, roll-on/roll-off, and passenger ships. The listing le . . . <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#388">more</a> </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/388.html#ET"><img alt="Ports and terminals field listing" title="Ports and terminals field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-ports-and-terminals"> <div class="category_data note"> Ethiopia is landlocked and uses the ports of Djibouti in Djibouti and Berbera in Somalia </div> </div> </li> <li id="military-and-security-category-section-anchor"> <a href="#" class="tabHead"> <div class="question afr_med" sectiontitle="Military and Security" ccode="et" style="border-bottom: 2px solid white;"> Military and Security :: <span class="region">Ethiopia</span> </div> </a> </li> <li id="military-and-security-category-section"> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-military-and-security-military-expenditures"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Military expenditures field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#330">Military expenditures</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry gives spending on defense programs for the most recent year available as a percent of gross domestic product (GDP); the GDP is calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in terms of purchasing power parity (PPP). For countries with no military forces, this figure can include expenditures on public security and police. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/330.html#ET"><img alt="Military expenditures field listing" title="Military expenditures field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-military-expenditures"> <div class="category_data subfield historic"> <span class="subfield-number">0.67% of GDP</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2016">(2016)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield historic"> <span class="subfield-number">0.71% of GDP</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2015">(2015)</span> </div> <div class="category_data subfield historic"> <span class="subfield-number">0.77% of GDP</span> <span class="subfield-note"></span> <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2014">(2014)</span> </div> <div> <span class="category">country comparison to the world:</span> <span class="category_data"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/330rank.html#ET">134</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-military-and-security-military-branches"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Military branches field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#331">Military branches</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry lists the service branches subordinate to defense ministries or the equivalent (typically ground, naval, air, and marine forces). </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/331.html#ET"><img alt="Military branches field listing" title="Military branches field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-military-branches"> <div class="category_data subfield text"> Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF): Ground Forces, Ethiopian Air Force (Ye Ityopya Ayer Hayl, ETAF) <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2013">(2013)</span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-military-and-security-military-service-age-and-obligation"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Military service age and obligation field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#333">Military service age and obligation</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry gives the required ages for voluntary or conscript military service and the length of service obligation. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/333.html#ET"><img alt="Military service age and obligation field listing" title="Military service age and obligation field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-military-service-age-and-obligation"> <div class="category_data subfield text"> 18 years of age for voluntary military service; no compulsory military service, but the military can conduct callups when necessary and compliance is compulsory <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: 2012">(2012)</span> </div> </div> </li> <li id="terrorism-category-section-anchor"> <a href="#" class="tabHead"> <div class="question afr_med" sectiontitle="Terrorism" ccode="et" style="border-bottom: 2px solid white;"> Terrorism :: <span class="region">Ethiopia</span> </div> </a> </li> <li id="terrorism-category-section"> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-terrorism-terrorist-groups-home-based"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Terrorist groups - home based field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#397">Terrorist groups - home based</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry provides information on the US State Department's designated Foreign Terrorist Organizations headquartered in a specific country, which may or may not be a group's country of origin. Details on each organization's aim(s) and area(s) of operation are provided. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/397.html#ET"><img alt="Terrorist groups - home based field listing" title="Terrorist groups - home based field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-terrorist-groups-home-based"> <div class="category_data subfield text"> <span class="subfield-name">al-Shabaab:</span> <br><b>aim(s):</b> punish Ethiopia for participating in the African Union Mission in Somalia; compel Ethiopia to withdraw troops from Somalia<br><b>area(s) of operation:</b> aspires to conduct attacks in Addis Ababa; no permanent presence <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: April 2018">(April 2018)</span> </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-terrorism-terrorist-groups-foreign-based"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Terrorist groups - foreign based field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#396">Terrorist groups - foreign based</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry provides information on the US State Department's designated Foreign Terrorist Organizations operating in countries other than where a particular group is headquartered. Details on each organization's aim(s) and area(s) of operation are provided. </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/396.html#ET"><img alt="Terrorist groups - foreign based field listing" title="Terrorist groups - foreign based field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-terrorist-groups-foreign-based"> <div class="category_data subfield text"> <span class="subfield-name">al-Shabaab:</span> <br><b>aim(s):</b> punish Ethiopia for participating in the African Union Mission in Somalia; compel Ethiopia to withdraw troops from Somalia<br><b>area(s) of operation:</b> aspires to conduct attacks in Addis Ababa; no permanent presence <span class="subfield-date" aria-label="Date of information: April 2018">(April 2018)</span> </div> </div> </li> <li id="transnational-issues-category-section-anchor"> <a href="#" class="tabHead"> <div class="question afr_med" sectiontitle="Transnational Issues" ccode="et" style="border-bottom: 2px solid white;"> Transnational Issues :: <span class="region">Ethiopia</span> </div> </a> </li> <li id="transnational-issues-category-section"> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-transnational-issues-disputes-international"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Disputes - international field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#326">Disputes - international</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry includes a wide variety of situations that range from traditional bilateral boundary disputes to unilateral claims of one sort or another. Information regarding disputes over international terrestrial and maritime boundaries has been reviewed by the US Department of State. References to other situations involving borders or frontiers may also be included, such as resource disputes, geopolitical questions, or irredentist issues; however, inclusion does not necessarily constitute . . . <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#326">more</a> </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/326.html#ET"><img alt="Disputes - international field listing" title="Disputes - international field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-disputes-international"> <div class="category_data subfield text"> Eritrea and Ethiopia agreed to abide by the 2002 Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission's (EEBC) delimitation decision, but neither party responded to the revised line detailed in the November 2006 EEBC Demarcation Statementthe undemarcated former British administrative line has little meaning as a political separation to rival clans within Ethiopia's Ogaden and southern Somalia's Oromo regionEthiopian forces invaded southern Somalia and routed Islamist courts from Mogadishu in January 2007"Somaliland" secessionists provide port facilities in Berbera and trade ties to landlocked Ethiopiacivil unrest in eastern Sudan has hampered efforts to demarcate the porous boundary with Ethiopia </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-transnational-issues-refugees-and-internally-displaced-persons"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Refugees and internally displaced persons field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#327">Refugees and internally displaced persons</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry includes those persons residing in a country as refugees, internally displaced persons (IDPs), or stateless persons. Each country's refugee entry includes only countries of origin that are the source of refugee populations of 5,000 or more. The definition of a refugee according to a UN Convention is "a person who is outside his/her country of nationality or habitual residence; has a well-founded fear of persecution because of his/her race, religion, nationality, membership in a . . . <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#327">more</a> </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/327.html#ET"><img alt="Refugees and internally displaced persons field listing" title="Refugees and internally displaced persons field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-refugees-and-internally-displaced-persons"> <div class="category_data subfield text"> <span class="subfield-name">refugees (country of origin):</span> 422,240 (South Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers), 257,283 (Somalia) (refugees and asylum seekers), 173,879 (Eritrea) (refugees and asylum seekers), 44,620 (Sudan) (refugees and asylum seekers) (2018) </div> <div class="category_data subfield text"> <span class="subfield-name">IDPs:</span> 2,075,278 (includes conflict- and climate-induced IDPs; border war with Eritrea from 1998-2000; ethnic clashes; and ongoing fighting between the Ethiopian military and separatist rebel groups in the Somali and Oromia regions; natural disasters; intercommunal violence; most IDPs live in Sumale state) (2018) </div> </div> <div class="category afr_light" style="padding-left:5px;" id="field-anchor-transnational-issues-illicit-drugs"> <span class="btn-tooltip definition" role="tooltip" aria-hidden="true"> <a aria-label="Use this link to access a description of the Illicit drugs field" href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#329">Illicit drugs</a>: <span class="tooltip-content"> This entry gives information on the five categories of illicit drugs - narcotics, stimulants, depressants (sedatives), hallucinogens, and cannabis. These categories include many drugs legally produced and prescribed by doctors as well as those illegally produced and sold outside of medical channels. Cannabis (Cannabis sativa) is the common hemp plant, which provides hallucinogens with some sedative properties, and includes marijuana (pot, Acapulco gold, grass, reefer), tetrahydroca . . . <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html#329">more</a> </span> </span> <span class="field-listing-link"> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/329.html#ET"><img alt="Illicit drugs field listing" title="Illicit drugs field listing" src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/field_listing.gif"/></a> </span> </div> <div id="field-illicit-drugs"> <div class="category_data subfield text"> transit hub for heroin originating in Southwest and Southeast Asia and destined for Europe, as well as cocaine destined for markets in southern Africa; cultivates qat (khat) for local use and regional export, principally to Djibouti and Somalia (legal in all three countries); the lack of a well-developed financial system limits the country's utility as a money laundering center </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div>   </div> </div> </article> </div> <aside class="content-box-2"></aside> </div> </section> <footer id="footer"><span class="divider"></span> <a href="#" class="logo-2" tabindex="-1"> <img src="/web/20181224211140im_/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/images/logo-2.png" width="61" height="61" alt="Central Intelligence Agency"> </a> <div class="footer-holder"> <div class="footer-frame"> <nav class="footer-nav" role="navigation" aria-label="footer site navigation"> <div class="info-block"> <h3><a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/about-cia">About CIA</a></h3> <ul><li> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/about-cia/todays-cia">Today's CIA</a> </li> <li> <a href="/web/20181224211140/https://www.cia.gov/about-cia/leadership">Leadership</a> </li> <li> <a 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Africa :: Ethiopia — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency