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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Northern_California"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Northern California</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Northern_California-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_Western_U.S." class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_Western_U.S."> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Other Western U.S.</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_Western_U.S.-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Oregon_and_Washington" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oregon_and_Washington"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Oregon and Washington</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oregon_and_Washington-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li 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<span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div 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class="mw-page-title-main">Samoan Americans</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A2%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="ساموآیی آمریکایی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ساموآیی آمریکایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86" title="امريكيين سامويين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="امريكيين سامويين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%83%A2%E3%82%A2%E7%B3%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E4%BA%BA" title="サモア系アメリカ人 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="サモア系アメリカ人" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Американцы самоанского происхождения – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Американцы самоанского происхождения" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagata_Samoa_i_le_Iunaite_Sitete" title="Tagata Samoa i le Iunaite Sitete – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Tagata Samoa i le Iunaite Sitete" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoan_Americans" title="Samoan Americans – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Samoan Americans" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E6%91%A9%E4%BA%9E%E8%A3%94%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA" title="薩摩亞裔美國人 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="薩摩亞裔美國人" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about Samoans in the United States. For American Samoans, see <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_American_Samoa" title="Demographics of American Samoa">Demographics of American Samoa</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Samoan Americans</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above nickname" style="font-size:115%; font-weight:normal;"><div lang="sm">Tagata Samoa i le Iunaite Sitete</div></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>121,585</b> alone, 0.04% of U.S. population<br /><b>243,682</b> including partial ancestry, 0.06%<br />(2021 Census estimates)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a> (<a href="/wiki/Anchorage" class="mw-redirect" title="Anchorage">Anchorage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barrow,_AK" class="mw-redirect" title="Barrow, AK">Barrow</a>), <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> (<a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles County">Los Angeles County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orange_County,_California" title="Orange County, California">Orange County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sacramento_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacramento County">Sacramento County</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_County" class="mw-redirect" title="San Diego County">San Diego County</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="San Francisco Bay Area">San Francisco Bay Area</a>), <a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a> (<a href="/wiki/Independence,_MO" class="mw-redirect" title="Independence, MO">Independence</a>), <a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a> (<a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas" title="Las Vegas">Las Vegas</a>), <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>, <a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a> (<a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Salt Lake County">Salt Lake County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Utah_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Utah County">Utah County</a>), <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a> (<a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tacoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Tacoma">Tacoma</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samoan_language" title="Samoan language">Samoan</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Christianity (<a href="/wiki/Congregationalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregationalist">Congregationalist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Methodist" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist">Methodist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_God" class="mw-redirect" title="Assembly of God">Assembly of God</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist" class="mw-redirect" title="Seventh-day Adventist">Seventh-day Adventist</a>, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints ) and various non denomational Christian churches</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Other <a href="/wiki/Polynesians" title="Polynesians">Polynesians</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Tongan_Americans" title="Tongan Americans">Tongan Americans</a><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Samoan Americans</b> are <a href="/wiki/Americans" title="Americans">Americans</a> of <a href="/wiki/Samoans" title="Samoans">Samoan</a> origin, including those who emigrated from the United States Territory of <a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a> and immigrants from the <a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Samoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent State of Samoa">Independent State of Samoa</a> to the United States. Samoan Americans are <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander" title="Pacific Islander">Pacific Islanders</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Census">United States Census</a>, and are the second largest <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander" title="Pacific Islander">Pacific Islander</a> group in the U.S., after <a href="/wiki/Native_Hawaiians" title="Native Hawaiians">Native Hawaiians</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a> has been an <a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Unincorporated territory">unincorporated territory</a> of the United States since 1900, and Samoa, formally known as the <a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Samoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent State of Samoa">Independent State of Samoa</a> and known as <a href="/wiki/Western_Samoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Samoa">Western Samoa</a> until 1997, is an independent nation that gained its independence from <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> in 1962. <a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a> (which is under the jurisdiction of the United States of America) and Samoa together make up the <a href="/wiki/Samoan_Islands" title="Samoan Islands">Samoan Islands</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Archipelago" title="Archipelago">archipelago</a> that covers 1,170 sq mi (3,030 km2). Like <a href="/wiki/Native_Hawaiians" title="Native Hawaiians">Native Hawaiians</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Samoans" title="Samoans">Samoans</a> arrived on the mainland US in the 19th century serving in the <a href="/wiki/US_armed_forces" class="mw-redirect" title="US armed forces">US armed forces</a>, fishermen and later worked as agricultural laborers and factory workers. </p><p>As per 2021 <a href="/wiki/U.S._Census" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Census">U.S. Census</a> estimates, there are over 240,000 people of Samoan descent living in the United States, including those of partial ancestry,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-samoanews_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-samoanews-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is roughly over the population of the Independent State of Samoa, as of 2021. <a href="/wiki/Honolulu,_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Honolulu, Hawaii">Honolulu, Hawaii</a>, has the largest Samoan population of over 12,000 making up over 2% of the city's population. There are large Samoan communities in <a href="/wiki/Greater_Los_Angeles" title="Greater Los Angeles">Greater Los Angeles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orange_County,_California" title="Orange County, California">Orange County, California</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="San Francisco Bay Area">San Francisco Bay Area</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Greater_San_Diego" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater San Diego">Greater San Diego</a> counties in the state of <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>. Other states with cities and towns with significant communities are <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Washington_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington state">Washington</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samoan_Americans&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Polynesian_Cultural_Center_entrance.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Polynesian_Cultural_Center_entrance.jpg/250px-Polynesian_Cultural_Center_entrance.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Polynesian_Cultural_Center_entrance.jpg/375px-Polynesian_Cultural_Center_entrance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Polynesian_Cultural_Center_entrance.jpg/500px-Polynesian_Cultural_Center_entrance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2224" data-file-height="1054" /></a><figcaption>Entrance to the <a href="/wiki/Polynesian_Cultural_Center" title="Polynesian Cultural Center">Polynesian Cultural Center</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Laie,_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Laie, Hawaii">Laie, Hawaii</a>, home to one of the highest proportions of Samoan American residents.</figcaption></figure> <p>Migration from Samoan Islands to the United States began in the 19th century. A small group of Samoans were part of the first Mormon <a href="/wiki/Polynesian_culture" title="Polynesian culture">Polynesian</a> colony in the U.S., which was founded in Utah in 1889 and consisted of Samoans, <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Hawaiian people">Hawaiian</a> natives, <a href="/wiki/Tahitians" title="Tahitians">Tahitians</a>, and <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Maori</a> people.<sup id="cite_ref-Encyclopedia1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopedia1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a> officially became a U.S. territory in 1900 with the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Cession_of_Tutuila" title="Treaty of Cession of Tutuila">Treaty of Cession of Tutuila</a> and in 1904 with the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Cession_of_Manu%27a" title="Treaty of Cession of Manu'a">Treaty of Cession of Manu'a</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Schaefer_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schaefer-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1920s a small group of Mormons from American Samoa emigrated to the modern United States. They were brought by American Mormons to <a href="/wiki/Laie,_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Laie, Hawaii">Laie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a> to assist in building the <a href="/wiki/Laie_Hawaii_Temple" title="Laie Hawaii Temple">Mormon Temple of this place</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pettey_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pettey-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Barkan3_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barkan3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The community grew over the decade and in 1929 there were already 125 American Samoans living in Laie, but the Samoan migration to Hawaii fell in the following years. It was probably due to the <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_Crash_of_1929" class="mw-redirect" title="Wall Street Crash of 1929">crash of 29</a>, the loss of an important rice field for the community, and the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>. In the second half of the 1940s about 300 mostly military families of American Samoans emigrated to the United States specifically to Hawaii.<sup id="cite_ref-Stantom_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stantom-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1951, nearly 1,000 American Samoans linked with the army (i.e. military personnel and their relatives<sup id="cite_ref-Pacific_Diaspora_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pacific_Diaspora-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) migrated to the Honolulu's American bases by accepting an invitation from the US Navy (which had left its bases in the <a href="/wiki/Pago_Pago" class="mw-redirect" title="Pago Pago">Pago Pago</a> city, as American Samoa began to be administered by the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_the_Interior" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of the Interior">U.S. Department of the Interior</a><sup id="cite_ref-Pettey_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pettey-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) so that the Marines could continue working for the Navy. However, many of them later migrated to California (in 1952).<sup id="cite_ref-Garrison_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garrison-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pacific_Diaspora_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pacific_Diaspora-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1952 the natives of American Samoa become U.S. nationals, although not American citizens, through the <a href="/wiki/Immigration_and_Nationality_Act_of_1952" title="Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952">Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Citizenship_Clause_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Citizenship_Clause-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This encouraged Samoan emigration to the United States and during the rest of the decade nearly four thousand Samoans migrated to the U.S., mostly to California<sup id="cite_ref-Embry_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Embry-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Hawaii. Many more Samoans migrated to the United States in the 1960s, surpassing those who emigrated in the previous decade. In fact, the largest Samoan migration to the U.S. occurred at this time (mainly at the beginning of the decade).<sup id="cite_ref-Gershon_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gershon-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pacific_Diaspora_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pacific_Diaspora-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After 1965 increased migration from <a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa republic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Barkan3_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barkan3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At this time, many Samoans serving in the US military emigrated to be stationed in Hawaii.<sup id="cite_ref-Stantom_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stantom-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1970s over 7,540 Western Samoans emigrated to the United States, although the number of people from American Samoa who emigrated to the U.S. is unknown.<sup id="cite_ref-Connell_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Connell-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1972, the number of American Samoans living in the United States exceeded the Samoan population in American Samoa, and California took the place of <a href="/wiki/Tutuila" title="Tutuila">Tutuila</a> as the main Samoan-populated region.<sup id="cite_ref-From_Polynesia_to_California_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-From_Polynesia_to_California-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1980 over 22,000 Samoa-born lived in the U.S., mostly of Western Samoa (more than 13,200), while 9,300 were from American Samoa.<sup id="cite_ref-Connell_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Connell-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samoan_Americans&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to 2021 <a href="/wiki/U.S._Census_Bureau" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Census Bureau">U.S. Census Bureau</a> estimates, there were 243,682 Samoan people in the United States stateside population, including those who have partial Samoan ancestry.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Samoan American community consists in Americans of both American Samoan and Western Samoan descent. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="California">California</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samoan_Americans&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: California"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>63,000 people of Samoan origin reside in <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, meaning almost one-third of the Samoan population in the U.S. lives in California. 0.2% of California's population is of Samoan descent. The number of those who identify as Samoan alone is 36,443.<sup id="cite_ref-PIAlone_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PIAlone-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The percentages and numbers of Samoan people residing in cities listed below vary from 2015 to 2018, according to the "5-Year Estimates Detailed Tables" from the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Census_Bureau" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Census Bureau">U.S. Census Bureau</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CensusCities_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CensusCities-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Southern_California">Southern California</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samoan_Americans&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Southern California"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Carson,_California" title="Carson, California">Carson</a> (1.8-2.2%), <a href="/wiki/Compton,_California" title="Compton, California">Compton</a> (0.3-0.5%), and <a href="/wiki/Long_Beach,_California" title="Long Beach, California">Long Beach</a> (0.7-0.8%), and <a href="/wiki/Paramount,_CA" class="mw-redirect" title="Paramount, CA">Paramount</a> (0.7-1%) in <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles County">Los Angeles County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oceanside,_CA" class="mw-redirect" title="Oceanside, CA">Oceanside</a> (0.5-0.6%) in <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_County" class="mw-redirect" title="San Diego County">San Diego County</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Twentynine_Palms" class="mw-redirect" title="Twentynine Palms">Twentynine Palms</a> (0.9-1.1%) in <a href="/wiki/San_Bernardino_County" class="mw-redirect" title="San Bernardino County">San Bernardino County</a> have among the highest concentration of Samoans in Southern California, which include those of partial ancestry.<sup id="cite_ref-PICities_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PICities-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also in <a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a>, one of the very first Samoan churches in the entire United States, was founded in 1955 by <a href="/wiki/Rev." class="mw-redirect" title="Rev.">Rev.</a> Suitonu Galea'i. From there, multiple Samoan churches throughout California branched from the First Samoan Congregational Christian Church of San Diego.<sup id="cite_ref-latimes09_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latimes09-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-latimes92_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latimes92-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-latimes91_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latimes91-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are Samoan communities enumerating several hundred in <a href="/wiki/Moreno_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Moreno Valley">Moreno Valley</a> (300 to 500) and <a href="/wiki/San_Bernardino" class="mw-redirect" title="San Bernardino">San Bernardino</a> (400), at least 0.2% of the city’s populations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Northern_California">Northern California</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samoan_Americans&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Northern California"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Much of San Francisco’s Samoan community is tight-knit live amongst the city’s African American community. The <a href="/wiki/Public_housing" title="Public housing">public housing</a> communities as well as residential communities in the <a href="/wiki/Bayview-Hunters_Point" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayview-Hunters Point">Bayview-Hunters Point</a>, <a href="/wiki/Potrero_Hill" title="Potrero Hill">Potrero Hill</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Visitacion_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Visitacion Valley">Visitacion Valley</a> neighborhoods in southeastern <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a> are home to much of the city’s Samoan community. As per the 2015-18 estimates, San Francisco is 0.2-0.3% Samoan (1,807-2,262 residents).<sup id="cite_ref-PICities_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PICities-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 2018 estimate of the number of Samoans in San Francisco is a decrease from the 2000 reported number of Samoans, which was 2,311 (which did not account for people who reported to be part Samoan).<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/East_Bay_(San_Francisco_Bay_Area)" class="mw-redirect" title="East Bay (San Francisco Bay Area)">East Bay Area</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Leandro,_California" title="San Leandro, California">San Leandro</a> is home to a sizable Samoan community (0.4%-0.6%), as well as in <a href="/wiki/Daly_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Daly City">Daly City</a> (0.4-0.9%), <a href="/wiki/East_Palo_Alto" class="mw-redirect" title="East Palo Alto">East Palo Alto</a> (1.2-1.3%), and <a href="/wiki/Hayward,_California" title="Hayward, California">Hayward</a> (0.6%-0.9%).<sup id="cite_ref-malcolmx_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-malcolmx-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Balboa_High_School_(San_Francisco,_California)" class="mw-redirect" title="Balboa High School (San Francisco, California)">Balboa High School</a> is about 3% Pacific Islander during the 2010s and 2020s and middle and elementary schools, such as Charles Drew Elementary in southeast San Francisco, are rife in Samoans and in general Pacific Islanders; that school of roughly 200 students is 15-25% Pacific Islander, and a similar volume of Islanders go to school at KIPP Bayview and Martin Luther King, Jr. Middle School. </p><p>In Daly City, Samoan restaurants and businesses are located off Geneva Avenue. In 1972, the First Samoan Congregational Church of <a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_California" title="San Jose, California">San Jose</a> was founded by Rev. Felix T. and Molly T. Ava Molifua, affiliated with Northern California UCC.<sup id="cite_ref-latimes09_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latimes09-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> San Jose has over 3,000 Samoans in residence (0.3%). </p><p>Another <a href="/wiki/San_Mateo_County" class="mw-redirect" title="San Mateo County">San Mateo County</a> city, <a href="/wiki/San_Bruno" class="mw-redirect" title="San Bruno">San Bruno</a>, is about one percent Samoan; there are also Samoan communities in nearby <a href="/wiki/South_San_Francisco" class="mw-redirect" title="South San Francisco">South San Francisco</a> and <a href="/wiki/San_Mateo,_California" title="San Mateo, California">San Mateo</a> proper, although it is more Tongan-populated within its Polynesian community. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Central_Valley_(California)" title="Central Valley (California)">Central Valley</a> and inland California, where compared to the Bay Area has a slightly smaller percentage of Samoans, higher populations are commonly found in the areas of <a href="/wiki/Modesto,_California" title="Modesto, California">Modesto</a> (0.2%), <a href="/wiki/Sacramento" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacramento">Sacramento</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Stockton,_California" title="Stockton, California">Stockton</a>. The city of Sacramento has over 1,800 to 2,200 Samoans, about 0.4% of its population. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Central_California" title="Central California">Central California</a>, Samoan Americans are concentrated in <a href="/wiki/Monterey_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Monterey County">Monterey County</a>, which was home to a <a href="/wiki/U.S._Army" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Army">U.S. Army</a> base, <a href="/wiki/Fort_Ord" title="Fort Ord">Fort Ord</a>, which closed in 1994. The populations are concentrated in <a href="/wiki/Marina,_CA" class="mw-redirect" title="Marina, CA">Marina</a> (0.8-1%) and <a href="/wiki/Seaside,_CA" class="mw-redirect" title="Seaside, CA">Seaside</a> (0.4%-0.9%).<sup id="cite_ref-PICities_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PICities-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_Western_U.S.">Other Western U.S.</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samoan_Americans&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Other Western U.S."><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Oregon_and_Washington">Oregon and Washington</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samoan_Americans&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Oregon and Washington"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Seattle,_Washington" class="mw-redirect" title="Seattle, Washington">Seattle</a>−<a href="/wiki/Tacoma,_Washington" title="Tacoma, Washington">Tacoma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington state">Washington</a> area is also home to a sizable Samoan community, especially in the cities of <a href="/wiki/Kent,_WA" class="mw-redirect" title="Kent, WA">Kent</a> (1.5%), <a href="/wiki/Renton,_WA" class="mw-redirect" title="Renton, WA">Renton</a> (1%), <a href="/wiki/Federal_Way" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Way">Federal Way</a> (1.6%), <a href="/wiki/SeaTac,_Washington" title="SeaTac, Washington">SeaTac</a> (2.9%), and <a href="/wiki/White_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="White Center">White Center</a> (3.2%).<sup id="cite_ref-seattletimes930_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seattletimes930-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seattle has 1,500 Samoans, 0.2% of the city's population.<sup id="cite_ref-CensusCities_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CensusCities-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The First Samoan Christian Congregational Church in the <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington state</a> was established in 1964 in southeast Seattle, where Samoans settled in the Pacific Northwest.<sup id="cite_ref-historylink_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-historylink-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The south Seattle neighborhoods of <a href="/wiki/Columbia_City,_Seattle" title="Columbia City, Seattle">Columbia City</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rainier_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Rainier Valley">Rainier Valley</a> have had sizeable Samoan communities since the 1960s and 1970s. Nearly 6,000 people of their descendants reside in <a href="/wiki/Pierce_County,_Washington" title="Pierce County, Washington">Pierce County, Washington</a>, making up 0.7% of the county's population.<sup id="cite_ref-census_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tacoma is home to 1,800 Samoans, making up nearly one percent of the city's population.<sup id="cite_ref-CensusCities_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CensusCities-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/The_Dalles,_Oregon" title="The Dalles, Oregon">The Dalles, Oregon</a> has a Samoan community of nearly 200 Samoan people, making up 1.3% of the city's population.<sup id="cite_ref-CensusCities_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CensusCities-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland, Oregon</a> also has some Samoans, about 500, and <a href="/wiki/Gresham,_Oregon" title="Gresham, Oregon">Gresham</a> has about the same with of a much smaller population of a city in general, therefore making half a percent of its population. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Utah_and_other_western_U.S.">Utah and other western U.S.</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samoan_Americans&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Utah and other western U.S."><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a> statewide is 0.6% Samoan including those with some non-Samoan ancestry, and 0.3% are those who identify as Samoan alone.<sup id="cite_ref-PIAlone_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PIAlone-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Utah has a history of Samoan immigration dating back to the late 1800s, due to them taking up <a href="/wiki/Mormonism" title="Mormonism">Mormonism</a> which was preached and influenced to them by missionaries who had come to <a href="/wiki/Polynesia" title="Polynesia">Polynesian</a> islands. Utah's Mormon community had housing and services for some Polynesian immigrants, which also included <a href="/wiki/Tongan_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Tongan American">Tongans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maori_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Maori American">Maori</a>. <a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City,_Utah" class="mw-redirect" title="Salt Lake City, Utah">Salt Lake City, Utah</a> is home to 1,500 Samoan-origin people, 0.7% of the city's population.<sup id="cite_ref-Salt_Lake_Tribune_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salt_Lake_Tribune-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Salt Lake County">Salt Lake County</a> cities such as <a href="/wiki/Kearns,_Utah" title="Kearns, Utah">Kearns</a> (2%), <a href="/wiki/Taylorsville,_Utah" title="Taylorsville, Utah">Taylorsville</a> (1.5%), and <a href="/wiki/West_Valley_City" class="mw-redirect" title="West Valley City">West Valley City</a> (1.8%) having above average proportions of Samoan people for Utah. There is a sizable Samoan community in <a href="/wiki/Utah_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Utah County">Utah County</a>, specifically <a href="/wiki/Provo,_Utah" title="Provo, Utah">Provo</a>, which is at least 0.3% Samoan.<sup id="cite_ref-CensusCities_17-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CensusCities-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is a Samoan community in <a href="/wiki/Colorado_Springs,_Colorado" title="Colorado Springs, Colorado">Colorado Springs, Colorado</a> of 430 people (0.1%), and <a href="/wiki/Lawton,_Oklahoma" title="Lawton, Oklahoma">Lawton, Oklahoma</a> (0.3%), in which <a href="/wiki/Comanche_County,_Oklahoma" title="Comanche County, Oklahoma">Comanche County, Oklahoma</a> is at least 0.6% Pacific Islander (2010), mainly Samoan. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas,_Nevada" class="mw-redirect" title="Las Vegas, Nevada">Las Vegas, Nevada</a> is home to over 1,500 Samoans, 0.2% of the city's population.<sup id="cite_ref-CensusCities_17-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CensusCities-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alaska_and_Hawaii">Alaska and Hawaii</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samoan_Americans&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Alaska and Hawaii"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Outside the mainland U.S., many Samoan Americans have settled in <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>. About 2.8% of Hawaiian residents are of Samoan descent, with 1.3% having full Samoan ancestry. Many live on the island of <a href="/wiki/Oahu" title="Oahu">Oahu</a>. Linapuni Street, especially the Kuhio Park Terrace apartments in <a href="/wiki/Honolulu" title="Honolulu">Honolulu</a>, has the highest concentration of Samoans of any residential area in Hawaii, at 37% of residents. Central <a href="/wiki/Palolo,_Hawaii" title="Palolo, Hawaii">Palolo</a> has the highest percentage of any Hawaiian tract, with 4% having a Samoan background.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Oahu town of <a href="/wiki/Laie" class="mw-redirect" title="Laie">Laie</a> has 1,380 Samoan Americans, about 21% of the town, one of the highest concentration of Samoan Americas of any town or city in the U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-CensusCities_17-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CensusCities-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two percent of people in the city of <a href="/wiki/Anchorage,_Alaska" title="Anchorage, Alaska">Anchorage, Alaska</a> are of Samoan descent, with nearly 6,000 living in the city. Alaska has a relatively high proportion of them, comprising about 0.8% of the state's population.<sup id="cite_ref-census_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CensusCities_17-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CensusCities-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In recent years, the Samoan population has rapidly increased in Alaska. <a href="/wiki/Barrow,_Alaska" class="mw-redirect" title="Barrow, Alaska">Barrow, Alaska</a> and <a href="/wiki/Whittier,_Alaska" title="Whittier, Alaska">Whittier, Alaska</a> both are rife in Samoan residents and Samoan churches have become commonly attended in rural Alaska as well. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Midwest_and_South">Midwest and South</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samoan_Americans&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Midwest and South"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a>, a significant Samoan community is in <a href="/wiki/Independence,_MO" class="mw-redirect" title="Independence, MO">Independence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a>, where around 1,000 Samoan people reside (0.9% of the city). In nearby <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">Kansas City, Missouri</a> there lives 340 Samoans, which is 0.1% of the city's population.<sup id="cite_ref-CensusCities_17-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CensusCities-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_United_States" title="Eastern United States">Eastern United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southeastern_United_States" title="Southeastern United States">Southeastern United States</a>, Samoan communities exist in <a href="/wiki/Fayetteville,_North_Carolina" title="Fayetteville, North Carolina">Fayetteville, North Carolina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clarksville,_Tennessee" title="Clarksville, Tennessee">Clarksville, Tennessee</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-norfolksamoan_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-norfolksamoan-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are 365 Samoan-origin people in <a href="/wiki/Prince_William_County,_Virginia" title="Prince William County, Virginia">Prince William County, Virginia</a>, and a Samoan church in <a href="/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia" title="Alexandria, Virginia">Alexandria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is a community of Samoans in <a href="/wiki/Liberty_County,_Georgia" title="Liberty County, Georgia">Liberty County, Georgia</a>. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>, there is a Samoan community prominent in the <a href="/wiki/Dallas-Fort_Worth" class="mw-redirect" title="Dallas-Fort Worth">Dallas-Fort Worth</a> suburb of <a href="/wiki/Euless" class="mw-redirect" title="Euless">Euless</a> (0.5%), and a Samoan church in the city of <a href="/wiki/Killeen,_TX" class="mw-redirect" title="Killeen, TX">Killeen</a> (0.3%). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military">Military</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samoan_Americans&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Military"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Significant numbers of Samoan Americans serve in the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Military" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Military">U.S. Military</a>. <a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a> has the highest rate of military enlistment of any state or territory.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samoan_Americans&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American football</a> is the most popular sport in American Samoa. Per capita, the <a href="/wiki/Samoan_Islands" title="Samoan Islands">Samoan Islands</a> have produced the highest number of <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a> players. In 2010, it was estimated that a boy born to Samoan parents is 56 times more likely to get into the NFL than any other boy in America.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samoan_Americans&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist" style="border-spacing:0.2em;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background:#ccccff; font-size:120%;"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Americans" title="Lists of Americans">Lists of Americans</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;"> <a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Americans#List_of_people_by_U.S._State" title="Lists of Americans">By US state</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;"> <a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_American_people_by_ethnicity" title="Category:Lists of American people by ethnicity">By ethnicity</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; padding:0; line-height:1.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Afghan_Americans" title="List of Afghan Americans">Afghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_African_Americans" title="Lists of African Americans">African Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_Jews" title="List of African-American Jews">African-American Jews</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Albanian_Americans" title="List of Albanian Americans">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_Americans" title="Algerian Americans">Algerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Amish_and_their_descendants" title="List of Amish and their descendants">Amish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Angolan_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Angolan Americans">Angolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Antiguan_and_Barbudan_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Antiguan and Barbudan Americans">Antiguan and Barbudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Arab_Americans" title="List of Arab Americans">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Argentine_Americans" title="List of Argentine Americans">Argentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Armenian_Americans" title="List of Armenian Americans">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Asian_Americans" title="List of Asian Americans">Asian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Assyrian_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Assyrian Americans">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_Americans" title="List of Australian Americans">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Austrian_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Austrian Americans">Austrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Azerbaijani_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Azerbaijani Americans">Azerbaijani</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; padding:0; line-height:1.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bahamian_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Bahamian Americans">Bahamian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baloch_Americans" title="Baloch Americans">Baloch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bangladeshi_Americans" title="List of Bangladeshi Americans">Bangladeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Barbadian_Americans" title="List of Barbadian Americans">Barbadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_Americans" title="Basque Americans">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Belarusian_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Belarusian Americans">Belarusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Belgian_Americans" title="List of Belgian Americans">Belgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Belizean_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Belizean Americans">Belizean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Beninese_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Beninese Americans">Beninese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berber_Americans" title="Berber Americans">Berber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bermudian_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Bermudian Americans">Bermudian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bissau-Guinean_Americans" title="Bissau-Guinean Americans">Bissau-Guinean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bolivian_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Bolivian Americans">Bolivian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bosnian_Americans" title="List of Bosnian Americans">Bosnian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Brazilian_Americans" title="List of Brazilian Americans">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Americans" title="British Americans">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bulgarian_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Bulgarian Americans">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Burmese_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Burmese Americans">Burmese</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; padding:0; line-height:1.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_the_Caucasus" title="Ethnic groups in the Caucasus">Caucasian peoples</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chechen_Americans" title="Chechen Americans">Chechen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Lezgin_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Lezgin Americans">Lezgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassian_Americans" title="Circassian Americans">Circassian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Georgian_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Georgian Americans">Georgian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cajuns" title="List of Cajuns">Cajun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Californios" title="Californios">Californios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cambodian_Americans" title="List of Cambodian Americans">Cambodian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cameroonian_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Cameroonian Americans">Cameroonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_Americans" title="List of Canadian Americans">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canarian_Americans" title="Canarian Americans">Canarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verdean_Americans" title="Cape Verdean Americans">Cape Verdean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Americans" title="Catalan Americans">Catalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Indian_Americans" title="West Indian Americans">Caribbean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garifuna_Americans" title="Garifuna Americans">Garifuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indo-Caribbean_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Indo-Caribbean Americans">Indo-Caribbean</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asians_in_the_United_States" title="Central Asians in the United States">Central Asian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Afghan_Americans" title="List of Afghan Americans">Afghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kazakh_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Kazakh Americans">Kazakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Tajikistani_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Tajikistani Americans">Tajik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Uzbek_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Uzbek Americans">Uzbek</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chilean_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Chilean Americans">Chilean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_Americans" title="List of Chinese Americans">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Fuzhounese_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Fuzhounese Americans">Fuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hakka_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Hakka Americans">Hakka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoklo_Americans" title="Hoklo Americans">Hoklo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Colombian_Americans" title="List of Colombian Americans">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Congolese_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Congolese Americans">Congolese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Coptic_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Coptic Americans">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cossack_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Cossack Americans">Cossack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Costa_Rican_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Costa Rican Americans">Costa Rican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Croatian_Americans" title="List of Croatian Americans">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cuban_Americans" title="List of Cuban Americans">Cuban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cypriot_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Cypriot Americans">Cypriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Czech_Americans" title="List of Czech Americans">Czech</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; padding:0; line-height:1.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Danish_Americans" title="List of Danish Americans">Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Americans_(Dominica)#Notable_people" title="Dominican Americans (Dominica)">Dominican Americans (Dominica)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Americans#Notable_people" title="Dominican Americans">Dominican Americans (Dominican Republic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Dutch_Americans" title="List of Dutch Americans">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_West_Indian_Americans" title="Dutch West Indian Americans">Dutch West Indian</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; padding:0; line-height:1.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ecuadorian_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ecuadorian Americans">Ecuadorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Egyptian_Americans" title="List of Egyptian Americans">Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Americans_of_English_descent" title="List of Americans of English descent">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equatoguinean_Americans" title="Equatoguinean Americans">Equatoguinean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Americans" title="Eritrean Americans">Eritrean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Estonian_Americans" title="List of Estonian Americans">Estonian</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; padding:0; line-height:1.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faroese_Americans#Notable_people" title="Faroese Americans">Faroese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Fijian_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Fijian Americans">Fijian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fijian_Indian_diaspora" class="mw-redirect" title="Fijian Indian diaspora">Indo-Fijian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Filipino_Americans" title="List of Filipino Americans">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Finnish_Americans" title="List of Finnish Americans">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_Americans" title="List of French Americans">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Polynesian_Americans" title="French Polynesian Americans">French Polynesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frisian_Americans" title="Frisian Americans">Frisian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fula_Americans" title="Fula Americans">Fula</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; padding:0; line-height:1.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gabonese_Americans" title="Gabonese Americans">Gabonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_Americans" title="Galician Americans">Galician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Gambian_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Gambian Americans">Gambian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_German_Americans" title="List of German Americans">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ghanaian_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ghanaian Americans">Ghanaian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Greek_Americans" title="List of Greek Americans">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenadian_Americans" title="Grenadian Americans">Grenadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Guatemalan_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Guatemalan Americans">Guatemalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Guinean_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Guinean Americans">Guinean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Guyanese_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Guyanese Americans">Guyanese</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; padding:0; line-height:1.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Habesha_peoples" title="Habesha peoples">Habesha peoples</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ethiopian_Americans" title="List of Ethiopian Americans">Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Americans#Notable_people" title="Eritrean Americans">Eritrean</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Haitian_Americans" title="List of Haitian Americans">Haitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hmong_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Hmong Americans">Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Honduran_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Honduran Americans">Honduran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hong_Kong_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Hong Kong Americans">Hongkongese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hungarian_Americans" title="List of Hungarian Americans">Hungarian</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; padding:0; line-height:1.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Icelandic_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Icelandic Americans">Icelandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_Americans" title="Igbo Americans">Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_Americans" title="List of Indian Americans">Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_Americans" title="Bengali Americans">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_Americans" title="Gujarati Americans">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indo-Caribbean_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Indo-Caribbean Americans">Indo-Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fijian_Indian_diaspora" class="mw-redirect" title="Fijian Indian diaspora">Indo-Fijian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Americans" title="Punjabi Americans">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Americans" title="Tamil Americans">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_Americans" title="Telugu Americans">Telugu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indonesian_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Indonesian Americans">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Iranian_Americans" title="List of Iranian Americans">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Iraqi_Americans" title="List of Iraqi Americans">Iraqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Irish_Americans" title="List of Irish Americans">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Israeli_Americans" title="List of Israeli Americans">Israeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Italian Americans">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iu_Mien_Americans" title="Iu Mien Americans">Iu Mien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ivorian_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ivorian Americans">Ivorian</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; padding:0; line-height:1.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jamaican_Americans" title="List of Jamaican Americans">Jamaican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_Americans" title="List of Japanese Americans">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_American_Jews" title="Lists of American Jews">Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_Americans" title="Jordanian Americans">Jordanian</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; padding:0; line-height:1.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalmyk_Americans" title="Kalmyk Americans">Kalmyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Karen_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Karen Americans">Karen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashubian_Americans" title="Kashubian Americans">Kashubian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kazakh_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Kazakh Americans">Kazakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kenyan_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Kenyan Americans">Kenyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kittian_and_Nevisian_Americans" title="Kittian and Nevisian Americans">Kittian and Nevisian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Korean_Americans" title="List of Korean Americans">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kurdish_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Kurdish Americans">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kuwaiti_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Kuwaiti Americans">Kuwaiti</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; padding:0; line-height:1.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Laotian_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Laotian Americans">Laotian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="List of Hispanic and Latino Americans">Latino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latvian_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Latvian Americans">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Lebanese_Americans" title="List of Lebanese Americans">Lebanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberian_Americans" title="Liberian Americans">Liberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Americans" title="Libyan Americans">Libyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtensteiner_Americans" title="Liechtensteiner Americans">Liechtensteiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Lithuanian_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Lithuanian Americans">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Louisiana_Creoles" title="List of Louisiana Creoles">Louisiana Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Luxembourg_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Luxembourg Americans">Luxembourg</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; padding:0; line-height:1.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Macedonian_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Macedonian Americans">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Malawian_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Malawian Americans">Malawian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldivian_Americans" title="Maldivian Americans">Maldivian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Malian_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Malian Americans">Malian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_Americans#Notable_people" title="Maltese Americans">Maltese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Americans" title="Malaysian Americans">Malaysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_Americans" title="Manx Americans">Manx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_M%C4%81ori_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Māori Americans">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshallese_Americans" title="Marshallese Americans">Marshallese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritanian_Americans" title="Mauritanian Americans">Mauritanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mexican_Americans" title="List of Mexican Americans">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronesian_Americans" title="Micronesian Americans">Micronesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Americans" title="Mongolian Americans">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Montenegrin_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Montenegrin Americans">Montenegrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Moroccan_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Moroccan Americans">Moroccan</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; padding:0; line-height:1.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Native_Americans_of_the_United_States" title="List of Native Americans of the United States">Native American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Native_Hawaiians" title="List of Native Hawaiians">Native Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nepalese_Americans" title="List of Nepalese Americans">Nepalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Zealand_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of New Zealand Americans">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nicaraguan_Americans" title="List of Nicaraguan Americans">Nicaraguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nigerian_Americans" title="List of Nigerian Americans">Nigerian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_Americans" title="Igbo Americans">Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_Americans" title="Yoruba Americans">Yoruba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuevomexicano" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuevomexicano">Nuevomexicano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Norwegian_Americans" title="List of Norwegian Americans">Norwegian</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; padding:0; line-height:1.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pakistani_Americans" title="List of Pakistani Americans">Pakistani</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baloch_Americans#Notable_people" title="Baloch Americans">Baloch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtun_Americans" title="Pashtun Americans">Pashtun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_Americans" title="Punjabi Americans">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_Americans#Notable_people" title="Sindhi Americans">Sindhi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Palauan_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Palauan Americans">Palauan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Palestinian_Americans" title="List of Palestinian Americans">Palestinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Panamanian_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Panamanian Americans">Panamanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Paraguayan_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Paraguayan Americans">Paraguayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Peruvian_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Peruvian Americans">Peruvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Polish_Americans" title="List of Polish Americans">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Portuguese_Americans" title="List of Portuguese Americans">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Stateside_Puerto_Ricans" title="List of Stateside Puerto Ricans">Puerto Rican</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; padding:0; line-height:1.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Romani_Americans" title="List of Romani Americans">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Romanian_Americans" title="List of Romanian Americans">Romanian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moldovan_Americans" title="Moldovan Americans">Moldovan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Russian_Americans" title="List of Russian Americans">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Rusyn_Americans" title="List of Rusyn Americans">Rusyn</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; padding:0; line-height:1.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucian_Americans" title="Saint Lucian Americans">Saint Lucian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Salvadoran_Americans" title="List of Salvadoran Americans">Salvadoran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sami_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Sami Americans">Sami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sammarinese_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Sammarinese Americans">Sammarinese</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Samoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Americans" title="Saudi Americans">Saudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Scotch-Irish_Americans" title="List of Scotch-Irish Americans">Scotch-Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Scottish_Americans" title="List of Scottish Americans">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Senegalese_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Senegalese Americans">Senegalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Serbian_Americans" title="List of Serbian Americans">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sicilian_Americans" title="List of Sicilian Americans">Sicilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leonean_Americans" title="Sierra Leonean Americans">Sierra Leonean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Singaporean_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Singaporean Americans">Singaporean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Slovak_Americans" title="List of Slovak Americans">Slovak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Slovene_Americans" title="List of Slovene Americans">Slovene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Somali_Americans" title="List of Somali Americans">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorbian_Americans" title="Sorbian Americans">Sorbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_South_African_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of South African Americans">South African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Americans" title="South Asian Americans">South Asian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bangladeshi_Americans" title="List of Bangladeshi Americans">Bangladeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutanese_Americans#Notable_people" title="Bhutanese Americans">Bhutanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_Americans" title="List of Indian Americans">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indo-Caribbean_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Indo-Caribbean Americans">Indo-Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fijian_Indian_diaspora" class="mw-redirect" title="Fijian Indian diaspora">Indo-Fijian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_Americans#Notable_people" title="Nepalese Americans">Nepalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pakistani_Americans" title="List of Pakistani Americans">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sri_Lankan_Americans" title="List of Sri Lankan Americans">Sri Lankan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_South_Sudanese_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of South Sudanese Americans">South Sudanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish_Americans" title="List of Spanish Americans">Spanish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hispanos" title="List of Hispanos">Hispanos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sri_Lankan_Americans" title="List of Sri Lankan Americans">Sri Lankan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sudanese_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Sudanese Americans">Sudanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Surinamese_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Surinamese Americans">Surinamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Swedish_Americans" title="List of Swedish Americans">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Swiss_Americans" title="List of Swiss Americans">Swiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Syrian_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Syrian Americans">Syrian</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; padding:0; line-height:1.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Taiwanese_Americans" title="List of Taiwanese Americans">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Tajikistani_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Tajikistani Americans">Tajik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Tanzanian_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Tanzanian Americans">Tanzanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tejanos" title="Tejanos">Tejanos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Thai_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Thai Americans">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Tibetan_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Tibetan Americans">Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togolese_Americans" title="Togolese Americans">Togolese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Tongan_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Tongan Americans">Tongan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidadian_and_Tobagonian_Americans#Notable_people" title="Trinidadian and Tobagonian Americans">Trinidadian and Tobagonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_Americans" title="Tunisian Americans">Tunisian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Turkish_Americans" title="List of Turkish Americans">Turkish</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; padding:0; line-height:1.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ugandan_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ugandan Americans">Ugandan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ukrainian_Americans" title="List of Ukrainian Americans">Ukrainian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Uruguayan_Americans" title="List of Uruguayan Americans">Uruguayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Uzbek_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Uzbek Americans">Uzbek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Americans" title="Uyghur Americans">Uyghur</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; padding:0; line-height:1.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Venezuelan_Americans" title="List of Venezuelan Americans">Venezuelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Vietnamese_Americans" title="List of Vietnamese Americans">Vietnamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincentian_Americans" title="Vincentian Americans">Vincentian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stateside_Virgin_Islands_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Stateside Virgin Islands Americans">Virgin Islander</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; padding:0; line-height:1.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh_Americans" title="List of Welsh Americans">Welsh</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; padding:0; line-height:1.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_Americans" title="Yemeni Americans">Yemeni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_Americans" title="Yoruba Americans">Yoruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Americans" title="Yugoslav Americans">Yugoslav</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; padding:0; line-height:1.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_Americans" title="Zimbabwean Americans">Zimbabwean</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below hlist"> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:American_people" title="Category:American people">Category</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Americans" title="Template:Americans"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Americans" title="Template talk:Americans"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Americans" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Americans"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tulsi_Gabbard,_official_portrait,_113th_Congress.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Tulsi_Gabbard%2C_official_portrait%2C_113th_Congress.jpg/175px-Tulsi_Gabbard%2C_official_portrait%2C_113th_Congress.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Tulsi_Gabbard%2C_official_portrait%2C_113th_Congress.jpg/263px-Tulsi_Gabbard%2C_official_portrait%2C_113th_Congress.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Tulsi_Gabbard%2C_official_portrait%2C_113th_Congress.jpg/350px-Tulsi_Gabbard%2C_official_portrait%2C_113th_Congress.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1363" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tulsi_Gabbard" title="Tulsi Gabbard">Tulsi Gabbard</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Representative" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Representative">U.S. Representative</a> for <a href="/wiki/Hawaii%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Hawaii's 2nd congressional district">Hawaii's 2nd congressional district</a>. She is one-quarter Samoan.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dwayne_Johnson_2,_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Dwayne_Johnson_2%2C_2013.jpg/175px-Dwayne_Johnson_2%2C_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Dwayne_Johnson_2%2C_2013.jpg/263px-Dwayne_Johnson_2%2C_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Dwayne_Johnson_2%2C_2013.jpg/350px-Dwayne_Johnson_2%2C_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1289" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dwayne_%22The_Rock%22_Johnson" class="mw-redirect" title="Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson">Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson</a>, actor and wrestler. He is half Samoan.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Entertainment">Entertainment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samoan_Americans&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Entertainment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drew_Afualo" title="Drew Afualo">Drew Afualo</a>, content creator, influencer, podcaster</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Muhammad_Ali" title="Queen Muhammad Ali">Queen Muhammad Ali</a>, film director</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooper_Andrews" title="Cooper Andrews">Cooper Andrews</a>, actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nephi_Hannemann" title="Nephi Hannemann">Nephi Hannemann</a>, actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwayne_Johnson" title="Dwayne Johnson">Dwayne Johnson</a>, actor, professional wrestler</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Kanemura" title="Mark Kanemura">Mark Kanemura</a>, dancer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Meredith" title="Tony Meredith">Tony Meredith</a>, dancer, choreographer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josefa_Moe" title="Josefa Moe">Josefa Moe</a>, entertainer, celebrity</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanoai_Reed" title="Tanoai Reed">Tanoai Reed</a>, stunt performer, actor</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samoan_Americans&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Aiono" title="Alex Aiono">Alex Aiono</a>, singer, YouTuber</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boo-Yaa_T.R.I.B.E." title="Boo-Yaa T.R.I.B.E.">Boo-Yaa T.R.I.B.E.</a>, hip hop group</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drew_Deezy" title="Drew Deezy">Drew Deezy</a>, rapper</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheryl_Deser%C3%A9e" title="Cheryl Deserée">Cheryl Deserée</a>, singer-songwriter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinah_Jane" title="Dinah Jane">Dinah Jane</a>, singer; member of <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Harmony" title="Fifth Harmony">Fifth Harmony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taimane_Gardner" title="Taimane Gardner">Taimane Gardner</a>, ukulele player, composer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryanne_Ito" title="Maryanne Ito">Maryanne Ito</a>, soul singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunny_Michael" title="Bunny Michael">Bunny Michael</a>, musician, rapper</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mavis_Rivers" title="Mavis Rivers">Mavis Rivers</a>, jazz singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tedashii" title="Tedashii">Tedashii</a>, Christian hip hop artist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenelle" title="Tenelle">Tenelle</a>, singer-songwriter</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politics,_law_and_government"><span id="Politics.2C_law_and_government"></span>Politics, law and government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samoan_Americans&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Politics, law and government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tulsi_Gabbard" title="Tulsi Gabbard">Tulsi Gabbard</a>, politician; U.S. Representative for <a href="/wiki/Hawaii%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Hawaii's 2nd congressional district">Hawaii's 2nd congressional district</a> (2013–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Gabbard" title="Mike Gabbard">Mike Gabbard</a>, politician, member of the <a href="/wiki/Hawaii_State_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Hawaii State Senate">Hawaii State Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mufi_Hannemann" title="Mufi Hannemann">Mufi Hannemann</a>, politician; 12th <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Honolulu" title="Mayor of Honolulu">Mayor of Honolulu</a> (2005–2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bode_Uale" title="Bode Uale">Bode Uale</a>, Hawaii state court judge</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports_2">Sports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samoan_Americans&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>American football</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al_Afalava" title="Al Afalava">Al Afalava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._J._Ah_You" title="C. J. Ah You">C. J. Ah You</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harland_Ah_You" title="Harland Ah You">Harland Ah You</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tui_Alailefaleula" title="Tui Alailefaleula">Tui Alailefaleula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clifton_Alapa" title="Clifton Alapa">Clifton Alapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyson_Alualu" title="Tyson Alualu">Tyson Alualu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brad_Anae" title="Brad Anae">Brad Anae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Anae" title="Robert Anae">Robert Anae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Ane_Jr." title="Charlie Ane Jr.">Charlie Ane Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Ane_III" title="Charlie Ane III">Charlie Ane III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donovan_Arp" title="Donovan Arp">Donovan Arp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devin_Asiasi" title="Devin Asiasi">Devin Asiasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asiata" title="Isaac Asiata">Isaac Asiata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Asiata" title="Matt Asiata">Matt Asiata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sal_Aunese" title="Sal Aunese">Sal Aunese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahlil_Bell" title="Kahlil Bell">Kahlil Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kendrick_Bourne" title="Kendrick Bourne">Kendrick Bourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inoke_Breckterfield" title="Inoke Breckterfield">Inoke Breckterfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algie_Brown" title="Algie Brown">Algie Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeForest_Buckner" title="DeForest Buckner">DeForest Buckner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colby_Cameron" title="Colby Cameron">Colby Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_Cameron" title="Jordan Cameron">Jordan Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Su%CA%BBa_Cravens" class="mw-redirect" title="Suʻa Cravens">Suʻa Cravens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Crichton_(American_football)" title="Scott Crichton (American football)">Scott Crichton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hershel_Dennis" title="Hershel Dennis">Hershel Dennis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luther_Elliss" title="Luther Elliss">Luther Elliss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_Ena" title="Justin Ena">Justin Ena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeQuin_Evans" title="DeQuin Evans">DeQuin Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nu%CA%BBu_Fa%CA%BBaola" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuʻu Faʻaola">Nuʻu Faʻaola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Fanene" title="Jonathan Fanene">Jonathan Fanene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eletise_Fiatoa" title="Eletise Fiatoa">Eletise Fiatoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcom_Floyd" title="Malcom Floyd">Malcom Floyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fou_Fonoti" title="Fou Fonoti">Fou Fonoti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toniu_Fonoti" title="Toniu Fonoti">Toniu Fonoti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Fuamatu-Ma%CA%BBafala" title="Chris Fuamatu-Maʻafala">Chris Fuamatu-Maʻafala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setema_Gali" title="Setema Gali">Setema Gali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randall_Goforth" title="Randall Goforth">Randall Goforth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micah_Hannemann" title="Micah Hannemann">Micah Hannemann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Hunter" title="Wayne Hunter">Wayne Hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nate_Ilaoa" title="Nate Ilaoa">Nate Ilaoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junior_Ioane" title="Junior Ioane">Junior Ioane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sale_Isaia" title="Sale Isaia">Sale Isaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senio_Kelemete" title="Senio Kelemete">Senio Kelemete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Kesi" title="Pat Kesi">Pat Kesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hau%CA%BBoli_Kikaha" class="mw-redirect" title="Hauʻoli Kikaha">Hauʻoli Kikaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Kozlowski" title="Glen Kozlowski">Glen Kozlowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Kozlowski" title="Mike Kozlowski">Mike Kozlowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jake_Kuresa" title="Jake Kuresa">Jake Kuresa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawn_Lauvao" title="Shawn Lauvao">Shawn Lauvao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kili_Lefotu" title="Kili Lefotu">Kili Lefotu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sefo_Liufau" title="Sefo Liufau">Sefo Liufau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Lobendahn" title="Joe Lobendahn">Joe Lobendahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Lolotai" title="Al Lolotai">Al Lolotai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaefou_MacKenzie" title="Malaefou MacKenzie">Malaefou MacKenzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaluka_Maiava" title="Kaluka Maiava">Kaluka Maiava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damien_Mama" title="Damien Mama">Damien Mama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Manumaleuga" title="Frank Manumaleuga">Frank Manumaleuga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandon_Manumaleuna" title="Brandon Manumaleuna">Brandon Manumaleuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vince_Manuwai" title="Vince Manuwai">Vince Manuwai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Mariota" title="Marcus Mariota">Marcus Mariota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Masoli" title="Jeremiah Masoli">Jeremiah Masoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hercules_Mata%CA%BBafa" class="mw-redirect" title="Hercules Mataʻafa">Hercules Mataʻafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Matua" title="Fred Matua">Fred Matua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rey_Maualuga" title="Rey Maualuga">Rey Maualuga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josh_Mauga" title="Josh Mauga">Josh Mauga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itula_Mili" title="Itula Mili">Itula Mili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Miller_(American_football)" title="Roy Miller (American football)">Roy Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Mulitalo" title="Edwin Mulitalo">Edwin Mulitalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Murphy" title="Louis Murphy">Louis Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kai_Nacua" title="Kai Nacua">Kai Nacua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puka_Nacua" title="Puka Nacua">Puka Nacua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Nicholson_(offensive_lineman)" title="Jim Nicholson (offensive lineman)">Jim Nicholson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Niumatalolo" title="Ken Niumatalolo">Ken Niumatalolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Noga" title="Al Noga">Al Noga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niko_Noga" title="Niko Noga">Niko Noga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Noga" title="Pete Noga">Pete Noga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Owusu" title="Chris Owusu">Chris Owusu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenny_Palepoi" title="Tenny Palepoi">Tenny Palepoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Paopao" title="Joe Paopao">Joe Paopao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Parry_(American_football)" title="David Parry (American football)">David Parry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saul_Patu" title="Saul Patu">Saul Patu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domata_Peko" title="Domata Peko">Domata Peko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyle_Peko" title="Kyle Peko">Kyle Peko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupe_Peko" title="Tupe Peko">Tupe Peko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ropati_Pitoitua" title="Ropati Pitoitua">Ropati Pitoitua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Polamalu" title="Kennedy Polamalu">Kennedy Polamalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troy_Polamalu" title="Troy Polamalu">Troy Polamalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulu_Poumele" title="Pulu Poumele">Pulu Poumele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Poutasi" title="Jeremiah Poutasi">Jeremiah Poutasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tavita_Pritchard" title="Tavita Pritchard">Tavita Pritchard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Purcell" title="Mike Purcell">Mike Purcell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keilani_Ricketts" title="Keilani Ricketts">Keilani Ricketts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Rivers_(American_football)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jason Rivers (American football)">Jason Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaine_Saipaia" title="Blaine Saipaia">Blaine Saipaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Saleaumua" title="Dan Saleaumua">Dan Saleaumua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dru_Samia" title="Dru Samia">Dru Samia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brashton_Satele" title="Brashton Satele">Brashton Satele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samson_Satele" title="Samson Satele">Samson Satele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Schwenke" title="Brian Schwenke">Brian Schwenke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kona_Schwenke" title="Kona Schwenke">Kona Schwenke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Seau" title="Ian Seau">Ian Seau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junior_Seau" title="Junior Seau">Junior Seau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Sellers" title="Mike Sellers">Mike Sellers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Seumalo" title="Isaac Seumalo">Isaac Seumalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danny_Shelton" title="Danny Shelton">Danny Shelton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sealver_Siliga" title="Sealver Siliga">Sealver Siliga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mana_Silva" title="Mana Silva">Mana Silva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JuJu_Smith-Schuster" title="JuJu Smith-Schuster">JuJu Smith-Schuster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Soi" title="Brian Soi">Brian Soi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Soliai" title="Paul Soliai">Paul Soliai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vic_So%CA%BBoto" class="mw-redirect" title="Vic Soʻoto">Vic Soʻoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xavier_Su%CA%BBa-Filo" title="Xavier Suʻa-Filo">Xavier Suʻa-Filo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicky_Sualua" title="Nicky Sualua">Nicky Sualua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Summers_(American_football)" title="Frank Summers (American football)">Frank Summers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alameda_Ta%CA%BBamu" class="mw-redirect" title="Alameda Taʻamu">Alameda Taʻamu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Ta%CA%BBamu" class="mw-redirect" title="Ed Taʻamu">Ed Taʻamu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tua_Tagovailoa" title="Tua Tagovailoa">Tua Tagovailoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nu%CA%BBu_Tafisi" title="Nuʻu Tafisi">Nuʻu Tafisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelly_Talavou" title="Kelly Talavou">Kelly Talavou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lofa_Tatupu" title="Lofa Tatupu">Lofa Tatupu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vai_Taua" title="Vai Taua">Vai Taua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_Ta%CA%BBufo%CA%BBou" title="Will Taʻufoʻou">Will Taʻufoʻou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junior_Tautalatasi" title="Junior Tautalatasi">Junior Tautalatasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Tautolo" title="Terry Tautolo">Terry Tautolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sae_Tautu" title="Sae Tautu">Sae Tautu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._R._Tavai" title="J. R. Tavai">J. R. Tavai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Te%CA%BBo-Nesheim" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel Teʻo-Nesheim">Daniel Teʻo-Nesheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manti_Te%CA%BBo" class="mw-redirect" title="Manti Teʻo">Manti Teʻo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Tevaseu" title="Martin Tevaseu">Martin Tevaseu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Thompson_(American_football)" title="Jack Thompson (American football)">Jack Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._J._Tialavea" title="D. J. Tialavea">D. J. Tialavea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Timu_(American_football)" title="John Timu (American football)">John Timu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisa_Tinoisamoa" title="Pisa Tinoisamoa">Pisa Tinoisamoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Toeaina" title="Albert Toeaina">Albert Toeaina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pago_Togafau" title="Pago Togafau">Pago Togafau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levine_Toilolo" title="Levine Toilolo">Levine Toilolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mao_Tosi" title="Mao Tosi">Mao Tosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Tuaau" title="Charles Tuaau">Charles Tuaau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esera_Tuaolo" title="Esera Tuaolo">Esera Tuaolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natu_Tuatagaloa" title="Natu Tuatagaloa">Natu Tuatagaloa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marques_Tuiasosopo" title="Marques Tuiasosopo">Marques Tuiasosopo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Tuiasosopo" title="Peter Tuiasosopo">Peter Tuiasosopo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavasier_Tuinei" title="Lavasier Tuinei">Lavasier Tuinei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Tuinei" title="Mark Tuinei">Mark Tuinei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Tuinei" title="Van Tuinei">Van Tuinei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Tuipala" title="Joe Tuipala">Joe Tuipala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willie_Tuitama" title="Willie Tuitama">Willie Tuitama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maugaula_Tuitele" title="Maugaula Tuitele">Maugaula Tuitele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andria_Tupola" title="Andria Tupola">Andria Tupola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Ulufale" title="Mike Ulufale">Mike Ulufale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morris_Unutoa" title="Morris Unutoa">Morris Unutoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Valoaga" title="Jeremiah Valoaga">Jeremiah Valoaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenny_Vandermade" title="Lenny Vandermade">Lenny Vandermade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Warford" title="Larry Warford">Larry Warford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Wilson_(American_football)" title="Albert Wilson (American football)">Albert Wilson</a></li></ul> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <dl><dt>Athletics</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Dodson" title="Jeremy Dodson">Jeremy Dodson</a>, sprints</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Fanelli" title="Gary Fanelli">Gary Fanelli</a>, long-distance</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Leiato" title="Anthony Leiato">Anthony Leiato</a>, shot put</li></ul> <dl><dt>Baseball</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benny_Agbayani" title="Benny Agbayani">Benny Agbayani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isiah_Kiner-Falefa" title="Isiah Kiner-Falefa">Isiah Kiner-Falefa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Manaea" title="Sean Manaea">Sean Manaea</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Basketball</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rashaun_Broadus" title="Rashaun Broadus">Rashaun Broadus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Johnson_(basketball,_born_1987)" title="James Johnson (basketball, born 1987)">James Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dion_Prewster" title="Dion Prewster">Dion Prewster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wally_Rank" title="Wally Rank">Wally Rank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peyton_Siva" title="Peyton Siva">Peyton Siva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekeli_Wesley" title="Mekeli Wesley">Mekeli Wesley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendell_White_(basketball)" title="Wendell White (basketball)">Wendell White</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Mixed martial arts</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andre_Fili" title="Andre Fili">Andre Fili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kendall_Grove" title="Kendall Grove">Kendall Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Holloway" title="Max Holloway">Max Holloway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raquel_Pa%CA%BBaluhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Raquel Paʻaluhi">Raquel Paʻaluhi</a></li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <dl><dt>Professional wrestling</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afa_Anoa%CA%BBi" title="Afa Anoaʻi">Afa Anoaʻi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afa_Anoa%CA%BBi_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Afa Anoaʻi Jr.">Afa Anoaʻi Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Anoa%CA%BBi" class="mw-redirect" title="Lloyd Anoaʻi">Lloyd Anoaʻi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanessa_Borne" class="mw-redirect" title="Vanessa Borne">Vanessa Borne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deuce_(wrestler)" title="Deuce (wrestler)">Deuce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Dole" class="mw-redirect" title="Emily Dole">Emily Dole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Fatu" title="Jacob Fatu">Jacob Fatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Fatu" title="Sam Fatu">Sam Fatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nia_Jax" title="Nia Jax">Nia Jax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwayne_Johnson" title="Dwayne Johnson">Dwayne Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Maluta" title="Sean Maluta">Sean Maluta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Reigns" title="Roman Reigns">Roman Reigns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rikishi_(wrestler)" title="Rikishi (wrestler)">Rikishi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosey_(wrestler)" title="Rosey (wrestler)">Rosey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoa_Joe" title="Samoa Joe">Samoa Joe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samu_(wrestler)" title="Samu (wrestler)">Samu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solo_Sikoa" title="Solo Sikoa">Solo Sikoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamina_Snuka" title="Tamina Snuka">Tamina Snuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umaga_(wrestler)" title="Umaga (wrestler)">Umaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Usos" title="The Usos">The Usos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokozuna_(wrestler)" title="Yokozuna (wrestler)">Yokozuna</a></li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <dl><dt>Rugby</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thretton_Palamo" title="Thretton Palamo">Thretton Palamo</a>, union</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_Wooching" title="Psalm Wooching">Psalm Wooching</a>, union</li></ul> <dl><dt>Swimming</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Farmer" title="Virginia Farmer">Virginia Farmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stewart_Glenister" title="Stewart Glenister">Stewart Glenister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Leamy_(swimmer)" title="Robin Leamy (swimmer)">Robin Leamy</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Other</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robyn_Ah_Mow-Santos" title="Robyn Ah Mow-Santos">Robyn Ah Mow-Santos</a>, volleyball</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariah_Bullock" title="Mariah Bullock">Mariah Bullock</a>, soccer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Finau" title="Tony Finau">Tony Finau</a>, golf</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konishiki_Yasokichi" title="Konishiki Yasokichi">Konishiki Yasokichi</a>, sumo</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Louganis" title="Greg Louganis">Greg Louganis</a>, diving</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garrett_Muagututia" title="Garrett Muagututia">Garrett Muagututia</a>, volleyball</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fua_Logo_Tavui" title="Fua Logo Tavui">Fua Logo Tavui</a>, sailing</li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samoan_Americans&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Keikoan" title="Matt Keikoan">Matt Keikoan</a>, poker player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alema_Leota" title="Alema Leota">Alema Leota</a>, Robin Hood</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Sinavaiana-Gabbard" title="Caroline Sinavaiana-Gabbard">Caroline Sinavaiana-Gabbard</a>, writer, literature professor</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samoan_Americans&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_Australians" title="Samoan Australians">Samoan Australians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_New_Zealanders" title="Samoan New Zealanders">Samoan New Zealanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoa_-_United_States_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Samoa - United States relations">Samoa - United States relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_Hawaiians" title="Native Hawaiians">Native Hawaiians</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samoan_Americans&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=pacific&g=0100000US_0500000US06001,06045,06075,06081,06097,29095,41051,48439,49035&tid=ACSDT1Y2019.B02019&hidePreview=false">"NATIVE HAWAIIAN AND OTHER PACIFIC ISLANDER ALONE BY SELECTED GROUPS"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NATIVE+HAWAIIAN+AND+OTHER+PACIFIC+ISLANDER+ALONE+BY+SELECTED+GROUPS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Fcedsci%2Ftable%3Fq%3Dpacific%26g%3D0100000US_0500000US06001%2C06045%2C06075%2C06081%2C06097%2C29095%2C41051%2C48439%2C49035%26tid%3DACSDT1Y2019.B02019%26hidePreview%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamoan+Americans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-samoanews-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-samoanews_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.samoanews.com/?q=node/5776">"Honolulu Mayor honors National Samoan Language Week"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Samoa_News" title="Samoa News">Samoa News</a></i>. 2012-06-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-06-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Samoa+News&rft.atitle=Honolulu+Mayor+honors+National+Samoan+Language+Week&rft.date=2012-06-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.samoanews.com%2F%3Fq%3Dnode%2F5776&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamoan+Americans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Encyclopedia1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopedia1_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrij_V._LalKate_Fortune2000" class="citation book cs1">Brij V. Lal; Kate Fortune (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=T5pPpJl8E5wC&q=Samoans+mormons+in+the+United+States&pg=PA116"><i>The Pacific Islands: An Encyclopedia, Volumen 1</i></a>. University of Hawai'i Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780824822651" title="Special:BookSources/9780824822651"><bdi>9780824822651</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pacific+Islands%3A+An+Encyclopedia%2C+Volumen+1&rft.pub=University+of+Hawai%27i+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9780824822651&rft.au=Brij+V.+Lal&rft.au=Kate+Fortune&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DT5pPpJl8E5wC%26q%3DSamoans%2Bmormons%2Bin%2Bthe%2BUnited%2BStates%26pg%3DPA116&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamoan+Americans" class="Z3988"></span> Page 116.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schaefer-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Schaefer_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchaefer2008" class="citation book cs1">Schaefer, Richard T. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YMUola6pDnkC&q=Samoan+migration+to+the+United+States&pg=PT1315"><i>Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity, and Society, Volumen 1</i></a>. SAGE Publications. p. 1189. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781412926942" title="Special:BookSources/9781412926942"><bdi>9781412926942</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Race%2C+Ethnicity%2C+and+Society%2C+Volumen+1&rft.pages=1189&rft.pub=SAGE+Publications&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9781412926942&rft.aulast=Schaefer&rft.aufirst=Richard+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYMUola6pDnkC%26q%3DSamoan%2Bmigration%2Bto%2Bthe%2BUnited%2BStates%26pg%3DPT1315&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamoan+Americans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pettey-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pettey_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pettey_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPettey2002" class="citation book cs1">Pettey, Janice Gow (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5a6WtHIiEXkC&q=Guamanian+migration+to+the+united+states&pg=PA22"><i>Cultivating Diversity in Fundraising</i></a>. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780471226017" title="Special:BookSources/9780471226017"><bdi>9780471226017</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cultivating+Diversity+in+Fundraising&rft.pub=John+Wiley+and+Sons%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780471226017&rft.aulast=Pettey&rft.aufirst=Janice+Gow&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5a6WtHIiEXkC%26q%3DGuamanian%2Bmigration%2Bto%2Bthe%2Bunited%2Bstates%26pg%3DPA22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamoan+Americans" class="Z3988"></span>. Page 22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barkan3-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Barkan3_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barkan3_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElliott_Robert_Barkan2013" class="citation book cs1">Elliott Robert Barkan, ed. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AP7QCteb0o0C&q=Historical+Samoan+American+migration+in+the+USA&pg=PA1177"><i>Immigrants in American History: Arrival, Adaptation, and Integration. Part 3</i></a>. ABC-Clio. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781598842197" title="Special:BookSources/9781598842197"><bdi>9781598842197</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Immigrants+in+American+History%3A+Arrival%2C+Adaptation%2C+and+Integration.+Part+3&rft.pub=ABC-Clio&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781598842197&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAP7QCteb0o0C%26q%3DHistorical%2BSamoan%2BAmerican%2Bmigration%2Bin%2Bthe%2BUSA%26pg%3DPA1177&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamoan+Americans" class="Z3988"></span> Chapter: <i>Pacific Islander and Pacific Islander Americans, 1940-present</i>, written by Matthew Kester. Page 1177.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stantom-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stantom_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stantom_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStantom1973" class="citation book cs1">Stantom, Max (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.es/&httpsredir=1&article=1017&context=mphs"><i>SAMOAN SAINTS SETTLERS AND SOJOURNERS</i></a>. University of Oregon. pp. 21, 23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=SAMOAN+SAINTS+SETTLERS+AND+SOJOURNERS&rft.pages=21%2C+23&rft.pub=University+of+Oregon&rft.date=1973&rft.aulast=Stantom&rft.aufirst=Max&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholarsarchive.byu.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Freferer%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.es%2F%26httpsredir%3D1%26article%3D1017%26context%3Dmphs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamoan+Americans" class="Z3988"></span> From work <i>Samoan Saints: the Samoans in the mormon village of Laie, Hawaii</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pacific_Diaspora-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pacific_Diaspora_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pacific_Diaspora_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pacific_Diaspora_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul_R._SpickardJoanne_L._RondillaDebbie_Hippolite_Wrigh2002" class="citation book cs1">Paul R. Spickard; Joanne L. Rondilla; Debbie Hippolite Wrigh, eds. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lnIYIXyIP8QC&q=Samoan+migration+in+california&pg=PA118"><i>Pacific Diaspora: Island Peoples in the United States and Across the Pacific</i></a>. University of Hawai'i Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780824826192" title="Special:BookSources/9780824826192"><bdi>9780824826192</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pacific+Diaspora%3A+Island+Peoples+in+the+United+States+and+Across+the+Pacific&rft.pub=University+of+Hawai%27i+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780824826192&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlnIYIXyIP8QC%26q%3DSamoan%2Bmigration%2Bin%2Bcalifornia%26pg%3DPA118&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamoan+Americans" class="Z3988"></span>. Chapter 7. <i>From Village to City: Samoan migration to California</i>, written by Graig R. James. Pages 120-121.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Garrison-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Garrison_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarrison2000" class="citation web cs1">Garrison, Jessica (April 14, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-apr-14-me-19599-story.html">"Samoan Americans at a Crossroads"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 26,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Samoan+Americans+at+a+Crossroads&rft.date=2000-04-14&rft.aulast=Garrison&rft.aufirst=Jessica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-2000-apr-14-me-19599-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamoan+Americans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Citizenship_Clause-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Citizenship_Clause_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://harvardlawreview.org/2017/04/american-samoa-and-the-citizenship-clause/">American Samoa and the Citizenship Clause: A Study in Insular Cases Revisionism</a>. Chapter 3. Harvard Law Review. Retrieved October 10, 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Embry-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Embry_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmbry2001" class="citation book cs1">Embry, Jessie L. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3AXJPX4HpEkC&q=Samoans+mormons+in+the+United+States&pg=PA124"><i>Mormon Wards as Community</i></a>. Global Publications, <a href="/wiki/Binghamton_University" title="Binghamton University">Binghamton University</a>, New York. p. 124. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781586841126" title="Special:BookSources/9781586841126"><bdi>9781586841126</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mormon+Wards+as+Community&rft.pages=124&rft.pub=Global+Publications%2C+Binghamton+University%2C+New+York&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9781586841126&rft.aulast=Embry&rft.aufirst=Jessie+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3AXJPX4HpEkC%26q%3DSamoans%2Bmormons%2Bin%2Bthe%2BUnited%2BStates%26pg%3DPA124&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamoan+Americans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gershon-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gershon_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGershon2001" class="citation book cs1">Gershon, Ilana (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Nf2tDwAAQBAJ&q=Samoan+migration+to+the+United+States&pg=PA10"><i>No Family Is an Island: Cultural Expertise among Samoans in Diaspora</i></a>. Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London. p. 10. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0801464021" title="Special:BookSources/0801464021"><bdi>0801464021</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=No+Family+Is+an+Island%3A+Cultural+Expertise+among+Samoans+in+Diaspora&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press%2C+Ithaca+and+London&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0801464021&rft.aulast=Gershon&rft.aufirst=Ilana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNf2tDwAAQBAJ%26q%3DSamoan%2Bmigration%2Bto%2Bthe%2BUnited%2BStates%26pg%3DPA10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamoan+Americans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Connell-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Connell_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Connell_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Connell1990" class="citation book cs1">John Connell, ed. (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TjPuAAAAIAAJ&q=Samoan+migration+to+the+United+States&pg=PA173"><i>Migration and Development in the South Pacific</i></a>. National Centre for Development Studies, The Australian National University. pp. 172–173. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780731506682" title="Special:BookSources/9780731506682"><bdi>9780731506682</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Migration+and+Development+in+the+South+Pacific&rft.pages=172-173&rft.pub=National+Centre+for+Development+Studies%2C+The+Australian+National+University&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=9780731506682&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTjPuAAAAIAAJ%26q%3DSamoan%2Bmigration%2Bto%2Bthe%2BUnited%2BStates%26pg%3DPA173&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamoan+Americans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-From_Polynesia_to_California-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-From_Polynesia_to_California_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGordon_R._LewthwaiteChristiane_MainzerPatrick_J._Holland1973" class="citation journal cs1">Gordon R. Lewthwaite; Christiane Mainzer; Patrick J. Holland (1973). "From Polynesia to California: Samoan Migration and Its Sequel". <i>The Journal of Pacific History</i>. <b>8</b>. The Journal of Pacific History. Vol. 8: 133–157. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00223347308572228">10.1080/00223347308572228</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25168141">25168141</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Pacific+History&rft.atitle=From+Polynesia+to+California%3A+Samoan+Migration+and+Its+Sequel&rft.volume=8&rft.pages=133-157&rft.date=1973&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00223347308572228&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25168141%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Gordon+R.+Lewthwaite&rft.au=Christiane+Mainzer&rft.au=Patrick+J.+Holland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamoan+Americans" class="Z3988"></span> Page 25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDivision" class="citation web cs1">Division, US Census Bureau Administration and Customer Services. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/prod/www/population.html#asian">"US Census Bureau Publications - Population"</a>. <i>www.census.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-09-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.census.gov&rft.atitle=US+Census+Bureau+Publications+-+Population&rft.aulast=Division&rft.aufirst=US+Census+Bureau+Administration+and+Customer+Services&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fprod%2Fwww%2Fpopulation.html%23asian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamoan+Americans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PIAlone-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PIAlone_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PIAlone_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Pacific%20&text=pacific%20islander&g=0100000US.04000.001_0400000US69.160000&tid=ACSDT1Y2019.B02016&hidePreview=false">"NATIVE HAWAIIAN AND OTHER PACIFIC ISLANDER ALONE BY SELECTED GROUPS"</a>. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Census_Bureau" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Census Bureau">U.S. Census Bureau</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NATIVE+HAWAIIAN+AND+OTHER+PACIFIC+ISLANDER+ALONE+BY+SELECTED+GROUPS&rft.pub=U.S.+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Fcedsci%2Ftable%3Fq%3DPacific%2520%26text%3Dpacific%2520islander%26g%3D0100000US.04000.001_0400000US69.160000%26tid%3DACSDT1Y2019.B02016%26hidePreview%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamoan+Americans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CensusCities-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CensusCities_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CensusCities_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CensusCities_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CensusCities_17-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CensusCities_17-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CensusCities_17-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CensusCities_17-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CensusCities_17-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CensusCities_17-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Pacific%20&g=1600000US0606000,0611530,0615044,0620956,0643000,0644000,0649270,0653322,0664000,0665000,0667000,0673262,0681666,4940470,4967000,4971070,4983470&tid=ACSDT5Y2015.B02019&hidePreview=true">"NATIVE HAWAIIAN 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href="#cite_ref-PICities_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PICities_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Pacific%20&g=0400000US06.060000&tid=ACSDT5Y2018.B02019&hidePreview=true">"NATIVE HAWAIIAN AND OTHER PACIFIC ISLANDER ALONE OR IN ANY COMBINATION BY SELECTED GROUPS"</a>. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Census_Bureau" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Census Bureau">U.S. Census Bureau</a>.</cite><span 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-04-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+AmericanFactfinder&rft.pub=United+States+Census&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffactfinder2.census.gov%2Ffaces%2Ftableservices%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamoan+Americans" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged April 2020">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Salt_Lake_Tribune-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Salt_Lake_Tribune_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150703021639/http://www.sltrib.com/sltrib/...90/california-family-hawaii-population.html.csp">"One of every four Tongans in U.S. calls Utah home"</a>. September 12, 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sltrib.com/sltrib/...90/california-family-hawaii-population.html.csp">the original</a> on July 3, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=One+of+every+four+Tongans+in+U.S.+calls+Utah+home&rft.date=2011-09-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sltrib.com%2Fsltrib%2F...90%2Fcalifornia-family-hawaii-population.html.csp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamoan+Americans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ohadatabook.com/HSDC2010-9_Samoan.pdf">"Samoan Population by County, Island and Census Tract in the State of Hawaii: 2010"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Samoan+Population+by+County%2C+Island+and+Census+Tract+in+the+State+of+Hawaii%3A+2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ohadatabook.com%2FHSDC2010-9_Samoan.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamoan+Americans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-norfolksamoan-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-norfolksamoan_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.samoanews.com/?q=node/74880">"Amata's Journal: Many Samoans in Norfolk area"</a>. Samoa News. May 25, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 3,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Amata%27s+Journal%3A+Many+Samoans+in+Norfolk+area&rft.pub=Samoa+News&rft.date=2013-05-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.samoanews.com%2F%3Fq%3Dnode%2F74880&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamoan+Americans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.localprayers.com/US/Alexandria/231148311079160/First-Samoan-Congregational-Christian-Church-DMV">"First Samoan Congregational Christian Church-DMV"</a>. Localprayers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=First+Samoan+Congregational+Christian+Church-DMV&rft.pub=Localprayers.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.localprayers.com%2FUS%2FAlexandria%2F231148311079160%2FFirst-Samoan-Congregational-Christian-Church-DMV&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamoan+Americans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-election-convention-military/u-s-army-investigating-uniformed-soldiers-who-appeared-in-video-at-democratic-convention-idUSKCN25F2CL">"U.S. Army investigating uniformed soldiers who appeared in video at Democratic convention"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. August 19, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+Army+investigating+uniformed+soldiers+who+appeared+in+video+at+Democratic+convention&rft.pub=Reuters&rft.date=2020-08-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-usa-election-convention-military%2Fu-s-army-investigating-uniformed-soldiers-who-appeared-in-video-at-democratic-convention-idUSKCN25F2CL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamoan+Americans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPelley" class="citation web cs1">Pelley, Scott. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/american-samoa-football-island-17-09-2010/">"American Samoa: Football Island"</a>. CBS News<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 Sep</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=American+Samoa%3A+Football+Island&rft.pub=CBS+News&rft.aulast=Pelley&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Famerican-samoa-football-island-17-09-2010%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASamoan+Americans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samoan_Americans&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output 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title="Special:EditPage/Template:Samoan diaspora"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Samoan_diaspora" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Samoa.svg/23px-Flag_of_Samoa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Samoa.svg/35px-Flag_of_Samoa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Samoa.svg/46px-Flag_of_Samoa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoan</a> <a href="/wiki/Diaspora" title="Diaspora">diaspora</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Samoan_Australians" title="Samoan Australians">Australia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Samoan_New_Zealanders" title="Samoan New Zealanders">New Zealand</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, 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0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Polynesian_Americans" title="French Polynesian Americans">French Polynesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_Americans" title="Māori Americans">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_Hawaiians" title="Native Hawaiians">Native Hawaiians</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Samoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongan_Americans" title="Tongan Americans">Tongan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related ethnic groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Americans" title="Australian Americans">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Americans" title="New Zealand Americans">New Zealander</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oceanian_Americans" title="Oceanian Americans">Oceanian Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander" title="Pacific Islander">Pacific Islanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Pacific_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian Pacific American">Asian Pacific Americans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span 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href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10644061">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Samoan_Americans&oldid=1255899332">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Samoan_Americans&oldid=1255899332</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_people_of_Samoan_descent" title="Category:American people of Samoan descent">American people of Samoan descent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Samoan_diaspora_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Samoan diaspora in the United 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