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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Torslundapl%C3%A5tarna_1995_%28108869_HST%29.jpg/300px-Torslundapl%C3%A5tarna_1995_%28108869_HST%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Torslundapl%C3%A5tarna_1995_%28108869_HST%29.jpg/450px-Torslundapl%C3%A5tarna_1995_%28108869_HST%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Torslundapl%C3%A5tarna_1995_%28108869_HST%29.jpg/600px-Torslundapl%C3%A5tarna_1995_%28108869_HST%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="875" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>Warriors wearing boar-crested helmets on a <a href="/wiki/Torslunda_plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Torslunda plate">Torslunda plate</a>, dated to between the 6th and 8th century CE.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Germanic boar helmets</b> or <b>boar crested helmets</b> are attested in archaeological finds from England, Denmark and Sweden, dating to <a href="/wiki/Vendel_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Vendel period">Vendel</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_Anglo-Saxon_England" title="History of Anglo-Saxon England">Anglo-Saxon</a> periods, and <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> and <a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse">Old Norse</a> written sources. They consist of helmets decorated with either a <a href="/wiki/Wild_boar" title="Wild boar">boar</a> crest or other boar imagery that was believed to offer protection in battle to the wearer. They have also been proposed to be a costume for the ritual transformation into a boar, similar to <a href="/wiki/Berserkers" class="mw-redirect" title="Berserkers">berserkers</a>, and to be associated with <a href="/wiki/Freyr" title="Freyr">Freyr</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Context">Context</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanic_boar_helmet&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Context"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roman,_Celtic_and_Baltic"><span id="Roman.2C_Celtic_and_Baltic"></span>Roman, Celtic and Baltic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanic_boar_helmet&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Roman, Celtic and Baltic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boar-helmeted_figure_on_the_Gundestrup_Cauldron.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Boar-helmeted_figure_on_the_Gundestrup_Cauldron.jpg/146px-Boar-helmeted_figure_on_the_Gundestrup_Cauldron.jpg" decoding="async" width="146" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Boar-helmeted_figure_on_the_Gundestrup_Cauldron.jpg/220px-Boar-helmeted_figure_on_the_Gundestrup_Cauldron.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Boar-helmeted_figure_on_the_Gundestrup_Cauldron.jpg/293px-Boar-helmeted_figure_on_the_Gundestrup_Cauldron.jpg 2x" data-file-width="438" data-file-height="896" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gundestrup_cauldron" title="Gundestrup cauldron">Gundestrup cauldron</a> depiction, dating to between 200 BCE and 300 CE</figcaption></figure> <p>The boar was an important symbol in prehistoric Europe, where, according to the archaeologist <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Foster" title="Jennifer Foster">Jennifer Foster</a>, it was "venerated, eulogised, hunted and eaten ... for millennia, until its virtual extinction in recent historical time."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFoster1977b1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFoster1977b1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anglo-Saxon and Vendel era boar symbols are preceded by a thousand years of similar iconography, coming after <a href="/wiki/La_T%C3%A8ne_culture" title="La Tène culture">La Tène</a> examples in the fourth century BCE, <a href="/wiki/Gauls" title="Gauls">Gaulish</a> specimens three centuries later, and Roman boars in the fourth century CE.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrank200878_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrank200878-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The boar is said to have been sacred to a <a href="/wiki/Mother_goddess" title="Mother goddess">mother goddess</a> figure among linguistically Celtic communities in <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a> Europe,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFoster1977b5_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFoster1977b5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the Roman historian <a href="/wiki/Tacitus" title="Tacitus">Tacitus</a>, writing around the first century CE, suggested that the <a href="/wiki/Balts" title="Balts">Baltic</a> <a href="/wiki/Aesti" title="Aesti">Aesti</a> wore boar symbols in battle to invoke her protection.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETacitus186831_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETacitus186831-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETacitus188625_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETacitus188625-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Four <a href="/wiki/Roman_legion" title="Roman legion">legions</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Legio_XX_Valeria_Victrix" title="Legio XX Valeria Victrix">twentieth</a> that was stationed in Britain,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFoster1977b15,_19,_26_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFoster1977b15,_19,_26-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrank200878_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrank200878-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also adopted the boar as their emblem. The sole unequivocal depictions of boar-crested helmets outside of Germanic sources are on interior plate E of the <a href="/wiki/Gundestrup_cauldron" title="Gundestrup cauldron">Gundestrup cauldron</a>, dating to the <a href="/wiki/La_T%C3%A8ne_culture" title="La Tène culture">La Tène</a> period or early <a href="/wiki/Roman_Iron_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Iron Age">Roman Iron Age</a>, which is commonly believed to be Celtic in origin but also has elements suggesting <a href="/wiki/Thracian" class="mw-redirect" title="Thracian">Thracian</a> origin.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKovárová2011164–165_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKovárová2011164–165-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Germanic">Germanic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanic_boar_helmet&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Germanic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Boars had a prominent role for the Germanic peoples and were closely associated with battle. The <a href="/wiki/Svinfylking" title="Svinfylking">boar's snout formation</a> was a wedge formation first attested in the 4th century CE, used by the <a href="/wiki/Germanic_peoples" title="Germanic peoples">Germanic peoples</a> and named due to its appearance. The formation was also used in the medieval period, as attested in sources such as <a href="/wiki/Kn%C3%BDtlinga_saga" title="Knýtlinga saga">Knýtlinga saga</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C3%93lafs_saga_Tryggvasonar" class="mw-redirect" title="Ólafs saga Tryggvasonar">Ólafs saga Tryggvasonar</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Gesta_Danorum" title="Gesta Danorum">Gesta Danorum, Book VII</a>, the formation is taught by <a href="/wiki/Odin" title="Odin">Odin</a> to <a href="/wiki/Harald_Wartooth" title="Harald Wartooth">Harald Wartooth</a>, who was named due to the tusks he grew to replace two of his teeth that fell out while he was young.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKovárová2011153,_158–161_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKovárová2011153,_158–161-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In mythological sources, the boar <a href="/wiki/Saehrimnir" class="mw-redirect" title="Saehrimnir">Saehrimnir</a> is killed each day to feed the <a href="/wiki/Einherjar" title="Einherjar">einherjar</a>, while <a href="/wiki/Gullinbursti" title="Gullinbursti">Gullinbursti</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hildisv%C3%ADni" class="mw-redirect" title="Hildisvíni">Hildisvíni</a> are owned by the gods <a href="/wiki/Freyr" title="Freyr">Freyr</a> and <a href="/wiki/Freyja" title="Freyja">Freyja</a> respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESimek2007122,_147,_273_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimek2007122,_147,_273-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both Freyr and Freyja share names with swine, with boars referred to as <span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non">Vaningi</i></span>, a <a href="/wiki/List_of_names_of_Freyr" title="List of names of Freyr">name for Freyr</a>, and Freyja as Sýr (sow).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESimek2007309,_351_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimek2007309,_351-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a ritual context, swine are often sacrificed and eaten during <a href="/wiki/Bl%C3%B3t" title="Blót">blóts</a> (in particular the <a href="/wiki/Sonarbl%C3%B3t" class="mw-redirect" title="Sonarblót">sonarblót</a>), and are central in some forms of <a href="/wiki/Heitstrenging" title="Heitstrenging">heitstrenging</a>, where the boar is described as being holy. Scholars have proposed the <span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non">sonarblót</i></span> was devoted to Freyr, while in the U and H manuscripts of <a href="/wiki/Hervarar_saga_ok_Hei%C3%B0reks" title="Hervarar saga ok Heiðreks">Hervarar saga ok Heiðreks</a>, the link between the god and <span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non">Heitstrenging</i></span> is explicit.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESimek2007298_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESimek2007298-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKovárová2011196_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKovárová2011196-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Guldgubbar" class="mw-redirect" title="Guldgubbar">Guldgubbar</a> finds include figures of swine and their ritual deposition has been linked with Vanir worship.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcKinnell200560_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcKinnell200560-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Boar symbolism and religious practice is closely associated with <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>, a cultic centre for Freyr, and where it has been suggested to have been a <a href="/wiki/Totem" title="Totem">totemic animal</a>. Both the Swedish <a href="/wiki/Yngling" title="Yngling">Yngling</a> royal family and families of Icelandic settlers that can be traced back to Sweden are described as specifically worshiping Freyr and owning boars.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKovárová2011203–212_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKovárová2011203–212-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A number of Germanic names feature as an element in names related to <span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non">jǫfurr</i></span> (derived from <a href="/wiki/Proto-Germanic_language" title="Proto-Germanic language">Proto-Germanic</a>: *<i lang="gem">eburaR</i>, wild boar) such as Jǫfurfǫst and Jǫfurbjǫrn, attested in Swedish runic inscriptions, and <a href="/wiki/Eofor" title="Eofor">Eofor</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Geat" class="mw-redirect" title="Geat">Geat</a> in <a href="/wiki/Beowulf" title="Beowulf">Beowulf</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKovárová2011113–117_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKovárová2011113–117-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In later sources, <span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non">jǫfurr</i></span> the meaning of 'boar' and has been predominantly replaced by 'ruler' or 'prince'.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKovárová2011118–119_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKovárová2011118–119-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This transition has been proposed due to the association between boar helmets and nobility.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESundqvist2000141_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESundqvist2000141-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite the numerous associations between boars and the <a href="/wiki/Vanir" title="Vanir">Vanir</a>, Freyr and Freyja, it is to be noted that the boar also has symbolism in its own right and is not always linked with the gods.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKovárová2011212_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKovárová2011212-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFoster1977b27_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFoster1977b27-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrank200880,_86_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrank200880,_86-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Archeological_record">Archeological record</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanic_boar_helmet&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Archeological record"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Helmets_and_fragments">Helmets and fragments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanic_boar_helmet&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Helmets and fragments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Both boar-crested helmets and crest fragments dating to the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Saxon period">Anglo-Saxon period</a> have been discovered in <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/Benty_Grange_helmet" title="Benty Grange helmet">Benty Grange helmet</a> found in <a href="/wiki/Derbyshire" title="Derbyshire">Derbyshire</a>, dating to the 7th century CE. Boars also feature on the eyebrow terminals of the <a href="/wiki/Sutton_Hoo_Helmet" class="mw-redirect" title="Sutton Hoo Helmet">Sutton Hoo Helmet</a> which shares features both with other Anglo-Saxon and Vendel era helmets, and has been suggested to have been made in Sweden.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKovárová2011181_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKovárová2011181-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been proposed that a post-Roman introduction of a Germanic tradition from the <a href="/wiki/European_mainland" class="mw-redirect" title="European mainland">European mainland</a>, rather than the continuation of a tradition in Britain through 400 years of Roman rule, resulted in the return to prominence in the Anglo-Saxon period.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFoster1977b27_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFoster1977b27-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaney1970123–124_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaney1970123–124-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Benty Grange boar has been suggested to have originally been fitted with boar bristles which would form an accentuated dorsal crest, a motif that has been suggested to point towards the animal's aggression and ferocity, consistent with martial associations.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuseums_Sheffield_boar_on_replica_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuseums_Sheffield_boar_on_replica-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAldhouse-Green1992152_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAldhouse-Green1992152-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has also been proposed that the golden decoration of the boar represents <a href="/wiki/Freyr" title="Freyr">Freyr's</a> boar <a href="/wiki/Gullinbursti" title="Gullinbursti">Gullinbursti</a> who has golden bristles, however there is no direct evidence that this story was known in England at the time of construction.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1974238_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1974238-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKovárová2011174_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKovárová2011174-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248256098">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{border:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 72.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 70.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Horncastle_helmet_fragment.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Horncastle boar crest fragment"><img alt="Horncastle boar crest fragment" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Horncastle_helmet_fragment.jpg/106px-Horncastle_helmet_fragment.jpg" decoding="async" width="71" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Horncastle_helmet_fragment.jpg/159px-Horncastle_helmet_fragment.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Horncastle_helmet_fragment.jpg/212px-Horncastle_helmet_fragment.jpg 2x" data-file-width="624" data-file-height="1408" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Horncastle_boar%27s_head" title="Horncastle boar's head">Horncastle boar crest fragment</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 92.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 90.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pioneer_Helmet.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wollaston Helmet"><img alt="Wollaston Helmet" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Pioneer_Helmet.jpg/136px-Pioneer_Helmet.jpg" decoding="async" width="91" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Pioneer_Helmet.jpg/203px-Pioneer_Helmet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Pioneer_Helmet.jpg/271px-Pioneer_Helmet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="408" data-file-height="721" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Wollaston_Helmet" class="mw-redirect" title="Wollaston Helmet">Wollaston Helmet</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 238px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 236px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BentyGrangeHelmSide.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Benty Grange helmet"><img alt="Benty Grange helmet" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/BentyGrangeHelmSide.jpg/354px-BentyGrangeHelmSide.jpg" decoding="async" width="236" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/BentyGrangeHelmSide.jpg/531px-BentyGrangeHelmSide.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/BentyGrangeHelmSide.jpg/708px-BentyGrangeHelmSide.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4135" data-file-height="2804" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Benty_Grange_helmet" title="Benty Grange helmet">Benty Grange helmet</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 386px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 384px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Boar_crop_sharpen.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Guilden Morden boar crest fragment"><img alt="Guilden Morden boar crest fragment" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Boar_crop_sharpen.png/576px-Boar_crop_sharpen.png" decoding="async" width="384" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Boar_crop_sharpen.png/864px-Boar_crop_sharpen.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Boar_crop_sharpen.png/1152px-Boar_crop_sharpen.png 2x" data-file-width="2727" data-file-height="1137" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Guilden_Morden_boar" title="Guilden Morden boar">Guilden Morden boar crest fragment</a></div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Images">Images</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanic_boar_helmet&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Images"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Unlike those found in England, no Scandinavian helmets have yet been discovered with boar crests, however plates depicting them have been found in Sweden, dating to the <a href="/wiki/Vendel_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Vendel era">Vendel era</a>. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vendel_I_helmet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vendel I helmet (page does not exist)">Vendel I helmet</a>, dated to approximately 650 CE has plates showing a rider accompanied by a bird of prey with a boar-crested helmet. Similarly, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Valsg%C3%A4rde_7_helmet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valsgärde 7 helmet (page does not exist)">Valsgärde 7 helmet</a> has a plate depicting two warriors carrying spears and wearing boar-crested helmets, a motif that bears a strong resemblance to one of the 6th century <a href="/wiki/Torslunda_plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Torslunda plate">Torslunda plates</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFoster1977b5_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFoster1977b5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKovárová2011176–177_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKovárová2011176–177-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been suggested that the helmets depicted on these plates are of an older style than the helmets that the plates are decorating.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHatto1957159_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHatto1957159-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literary_attestations">Literary attestations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanic_boar_helmet&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Literary attestations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Sutton_Hoo_helmet#Beowulf" title="Sutton Hoo helmet">Sutton Hoo helmet § Beowulf</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2004_sutton_hoo_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Colour photograph of a modern replica of the Sutton Hoo helmet." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/2004_sutton_hoo_01.JPG/220px-2004_sutton_hoo_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/2004_sutton_hoo_01.JPG/330px-2004_sutton_hoo_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/2004_sutton_hoo_01.JPG/440px-2004_sutton_hoo_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="2136" /></a><figcaption>Replica of the <a href="/wiki/Sutton_Hoo_helmet" title="Sutton Hoo helmet">Sutton Hoo helmet</a> showing the gilded boar terminals on the eyebrows.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Old_English">Old English</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanic_boar_helmet&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Old English"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Beowulf">Beowulf</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanic_boar_helmet&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Beowulf"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Boar helmets are referenced in the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Saxon">Anglo-Saxon</a> poem <i><a href="/wiki/Beowulf" title="Beowulf">Beowulf</a></i> five times.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFoster1977a167_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFoster1977a167-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlaeber1922ll._303–306,_1110–1112,_1286,_1327–1328,_1448–1454_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlaeber1922ll._303–306,_1110–1112,_1286,_1327–1328,_1448–1454-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHatto1957155–156_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHatto1957155–156-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpeake198080_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpeake198080-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBateman186133_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBateman186133-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In three cases they appear to feature freestanding boars atop the helmets,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaney1970123–124_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaney1970123–124-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlaeber1922ll._1110–1112,_1286,_1327–1328_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlaeber1922ll._1110–1112,_1286,_1327–1328-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECramp195762–63_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECramp195762–63-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavidson1968354_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavidson1968354-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> like the Guilden Morden example. Such is the case when <a href="/wiki/Grendel%27s_mother" title="Grendel's mother">Grendel's mother</a> seeks vengeance for the death of <a href="/wiki/Grendel" title="Grendel">her son</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStiegemannKrokerWalter2013189_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStiegemannKrokerWalter2013189-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1157697682">.mw-parser-output .verse_translation .translated{padding-left:2em!important}@media only screen and (max-width:43.75em){.mw-parser-output .verse_translation.wrap_when_small td{display:block;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .verse_translation.wrap_when_small .translated{padding-left:0.5em!important}}</style> </p> <table role="presentation" class="verse_translation" style="margin-left:1em !important"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><div style="font-style:roman;text-align:left" lang="" class="poem"> <p><span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"><i lang="ang">Com þa to Heorote, ðær Hring-Dene <br /> geond þæt sæld swæfun. Þa ðær sona wearð <br /> edhwyrft eorlum, siþðan inne fealh <br /> Grendles modor. Wæs se gryre læssa <br /> efne swa micle, swa bið mægþa cræft, <br /> wiggryre wifes be wæpnedmen,<br /> þonne heoru bunden, hamere geþruen,<br /> sweord swate fah swin ofer helme <br /> ecgum dyhtig andweard scireð. <br /> Ða wæs on healle heardecg togen <br /> sweord ofer setlum, sidrand manig <br /> hafen handa fæst; helm ne gemunde, <br /> byrnan side, þa hine se broga angeat.</i></span> </p> </div> </td> <td class="translated"><div style="font-style:roman;text-align:left" lang="" class="poem"> <p>She came to Heorot. There, inside the hall,<br /> Danes lay asleep, earls who would soon endure<br /> a great reversal, once Grendel's mother<br /> attacked and entered. Her onslaught was less<br /> only by as much as an amazon warrior's<br /> strength is less than an armed man's<br /> when the hefted sword, its hammered edge<br /> and gleaming blade slathered in blood,<br /> razed the sturdy boar-ridge off a helmet.<br /> Then in the hall, hard-honed swords<br /> were grabbed from the bench, many a broad shield<br /> lifted and braced; there was little thought of helmets<br /> or woven mail when they woke in terror. </p> </div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%"> <td style="padding-left:1.6em;text-align:left">—<a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> text<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlaeber1922ll._1279–1291_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlaeber1922ll._1279–1291-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="padding-left:3.6em;text-align:left">—<a href="/wiki/Seamus_Heaney" title="Seamus Heaney">Heaney</a> Translation<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeaney200089–91_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeaney200089–91-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In another case, <a href="/wiki/Hr%C5%8D%C3%B0g%C4%81r" class="mw-redirect" title="Hrōðgār">Hrōðgār</a> laments the death of his advisor by Grendel's mother: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1157697682"> </p> <table role="presentation" class="verse_translation" style="margin-left:1em !important"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><div style="font-style:roman;text-align:left" lang="" class="poem"> <p><span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"><i lang="ang">Ne frín þú æfter saélum, sorh is geníwod<br /> Denigea léodum, déad is Æschere<br /> Yrmenláfes yldra bróþor<br /> mín rúnwita ond mín raédbora<br /> eaxlgestealla, ðonne we on orlege<br /> hafelan weredon, þonne hniton feþan, <br /> eoferas cnysedan, swylc eorl scolde<br /> wesan aérgód swylc Æschere wæs.</i></span> </p> </div> </td> <td class="translated"><div style="font-style:roman;text-align:left" lang="" class="poem"> <p>Ask not for news of happy hours! Sorrow is come anew upon the <br /> people of the Danes. Dead is <a href="/wiki/%C3%86schere" title="Æschere">Æschere</a>, <br /> the elder son of Yrmenlaf; <br /> my counsels were his and his wisdom mine, <br /> at my right hand he stood when on fatal field <br /> we fended our lives, as the ranks clashed in battle<br /> and the boar-crests rang. Such should a good man be, <br /> of noble birth long tried in deeds, even as was <a href="/wiki/%C3%86schere" title="Æschere">Æschere</a>! </p> </div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%"> <td style="padding-left:1.6em;text-align:left">—<a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> text<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlaeber1922ll._1326–1328_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlaeber1922ll._1326–1328-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="padding-left:3.6em;text-align:left">—<a href="/wiki/J.R.R._Tolkien" class="mw-redirect" title="J.R.R. Tolkien">Tolkien</a> Translation<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETolkien201451_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETolkien201451-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In two instances, boars are referred to in the plural, such as when Beowulf and his men leave their ship as "[b]oar-shapes flashed above their cheek-guards" (<a href="/wiki/Old_English_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Old English language">Old English</a>: <i lang="ang">eoforlic scionon ofer hleorbergan</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlaeber1922ll._303–306,_1448–1454_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlaeber1922ll._303–306,_1448–1454-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeaney200021–23_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeaney200021–23-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These references may refer instead boars like those on the eyebrows of the <a href="/wiki/Sutton_Hoo_helmet" title="Sutton Hoo helmet">Sutton Hoo helmet</a>, as opposed to crests.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECramp195762–63_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECramp195762–63-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavidson1968354_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavidson1968354-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaney1970123_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaney1970123-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1972122_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1972122-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Elene">Elene</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanic_boar_helmet&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Elene"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the poem <i><a href="/wiki/Elene" title="Elene">Elene</a></i>, the word <span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"><i lang="ang">eoforcumbol</i></span> appears twice and has been translated as "boar-crest on a helmet" or "boar-banner". In this context, it is presented both as a symbol of protection, and as a heathen symbol that is contrasted with the <a href="/wiki/Christian_cross" title="Christian cross">Christian cross</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKovárová2011182–183_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKovárová2011182–183-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Old_Norse">Old Norse</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanic_boar_helmet&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Old Norse"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vendel_I_helmet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Vendel_I_helmet.jpg/150px-Vendel_I_helmet.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Vendel_I_helmet.jpg/225px-Vendel_I_helmet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Vendel_I_helmet.jpg/300px-Vendel_I_helmet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1028" data-file-height="1644" /></a><figcaption>Vendel I helmet, dating to c.650 CE<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKovárová2011176_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKovárová2011176-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse">Old Norse</a> sources, helmets may be associated with boars, in particular those of the <a href="/wiki/Yngling" title="Yngling">Yngling royal house</a>. The Swedish king <a href="/wiki/A%C3%B0ils" class="mw-redirect" title="Aðils">Aðils</a> owned the helmets <a href="/wiki/Hildisv%C3%ADn" class="mw-redirect" title="Hildisvín">Hildisvín</a> ('Battle-swine')<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENewton199342_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENewton199342-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Hildig%C7%ABltr" class="mw-redirect" title="Hildigǫltr">Hildigǫltr</a> ('Battle-boar'),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEByock1999105_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEByock1999105-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the former of which was inherited from another Yngling, his parental uncle <a href="/wiki/%C3%81li" class="mw-redirect" title="Áli">Áli</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKovárová2011203–204_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKovárová2011203–204-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non">Hildigǫltr</i></span> is also listed as a <a href="/wiki/Heiti" title="Heiti">heiti</a> for a helmet in <a href="/wiki/Nafna%C3%BEulur" title="Nafnaþulur">Nafnaþulur</a>, and is attested in the <a href="/wiki/Skaldic_poetry" class="mw-redirect" title="Skaldic poetry">skaldic poetry</a> of <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A1ttatal" title="Háttatal">Háttatal</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESturluson_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESturluson-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKovárová2011179_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKovárová2011179-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1157697682"> <table role="presentation" class="verse_translation" style="margin-left:1em !important"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><div style="font-style:roman;text-align:left" lang="" class="poem"> <p><span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non">Holt felr hildigelti<br /> heila bæs, ok deilir<br /> gulls í gelmis stalli<br /> gunnseið, skörungr, reiðir.</i></span> </p> </div> </td> <td class="translated"><div style="font-style:roman;text-align:left" lang="" class="poem"> <p>The outstanding one covers the hill of the dwelling of the brain (his cranium) with a battle boar (helmet) <br /> and the distributor of gold <br /> brandishes the battle fish (sword) <br /> in the hawk's perch (hand). </p> </div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%"> <td style="padding-left:1.6em;text-align:left">—<a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse">Old Norse</a> text<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESturluson20075_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESturluson20075-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="padding-left:3.6em;text-align:left">—Faulkes translation<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESturluson1987168_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESturluson1987168-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The heiti <span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non">valgǫltr</i></span> is also used in <a href="/wiki/Hrafnsm%C3%A1l" title="Hrafnsmál">Hrafnsmál</a> as part of a battle <a href="/wiki/Kenning" title="Kenning">kenning</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKovárová2011179_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKovárová2011179-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1157697682"> <table role="presentation" class="verse_translation" style="margin-left:1em !important"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"> <td><div style="font-style:roman;text-align:left" lang="" class="poem"> <p><span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non">Feldi folks valdi<br /> fyrst ens gollbyrsta<br /> velti valgaltar<br /> Vígfús þanns hétu;<br /> slíta þar síðan<br /> sôrum benskárar<br /> brôð af bǫð-Nirði,<br /> Bjarnar arfnytja.</i></span> </p> </div> </td> <td class="translated"><div style="font-style:roman;text-align:left" lang="" class="poem"> <p>First the Folk-wielder<br /> Felled there the feller<br /> Of fight-boar gold-bristled,<br /> Vigfus men hight him.<br /> The wound-mews thereafter<br /> There were they tearing<br /> Full meat of fight-god,<br /> Biorn's heirship wearer. </p> </div> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;font-size:90%"> <td style="padding-left:1.6em;text-align:left">—<a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse">Old Norse</a> text<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrefilsson_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrefilsson-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="padding-left:3.6em;text-align:left">—<a href="/wiki/William_Morris" title="William Morris">Morris</a> translation<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorrisEirikr2019_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorrisEirikr2019-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>It has been further proposed that the helmet heiti <span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non">valhrímnir</i></span> and <span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non">hallhrímnir</i></span> refer to swine through the component <span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non">-hrimnir</i></span>, a heiti for swine attested in <a href="/wiki/Nafna%C3%BEulur" title="Nafnaþulur">Nafnaþulur</a> also found as a suffix in the name <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A6hr%C3%ADmnir" title="Sæhrímnir">Sæhrímnir</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESturluson_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESturluson-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKovárová2011107–108,_179_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKovárová2011107–108,_179-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Function_of_imagery">Function of imagery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanic_boar_helmet&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Function of imagery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Boar imagery on Anglo-Saxon helmets is associated explicitly with protection in <i><a href="/wiki/Beowulf" title="Beowulf">Beowulf</a></i> where the poet describes the figures on helmets kept watch over the warriors wearing them.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlaeber1922ll._303–306_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlaeber1922ll._303–306-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been proposed that the figures have an <a href="/wiki/Apotropaic_magic" title="Apotropaic magic">apotropaic</a> role and that cutting them off will result in the death of the warrior. In the latter case, the boar and warrior appear to be regarded as a singular entity with a shared life.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKovárová2011181–182_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKovárová2011181–182-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It has also been proposed that, similar to <span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non"><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Alfhe%C3%B0nar" class="mw-redirect" title="Úlfheðnar">úlfheðnar</a></i></span> and <a href="/wiki/Berserker" title="Berserker">berserkers</a>, putting on a boar-helmet may be akin to shape-changing, allowing the wearer to take on qualities of the animal, in addition to its appearance. Consistent with this is a helmet plate from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vendel_grave_XIV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vendel grave XIV (page does not exist)">Vendel grave XIV</a> in Uppland that depicts two warriors with bird-crest helmets, one of which also has boar tusks, suggesting it is the armour that makes them a representation of the animal. People in medieval Germanic literature can be referred to as boars such as <a href="/wiki/Ragnar_Lo%C3%B0br%C3%B3k" class="mw-redirect" title="Ragnar Loðbrók">Ragnar Loðbrók</a> in his <a href="/wiki/Ragnars_saga_lo%C3%B0br%C3%B3kar" class="mw-redirect" title="Ragnars saga loðbrókar">eponymous saga</a>. In the case of <a href="/wiki/Kjalnesinga_saga" title="Kjalnesinga saga">Kjalnesinga saga</a>, a warrior is specifically described as having boar-like teeth when fighting. While <span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non">úlfheðnar</i></span> and berserkers are frequently in service to kings, they are commonly portrayed negatively, instead of as noble heroes, and lacking control over their actions. On the other hand, identification or comparison with a wild boar is positive and closely associated with the warrior elite. The distinction has been suggested to result from bears and wolves being predatory, while boars, though fierce and often fighting to the death when cornered, forage rather than hunt.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKovárová2011153–156_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKovárová2011153–156-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHatto1957156_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHatto1957156-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanic_boar_helmet&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The impression of design 4 on the top left corner of the replica cheek guard is actually upside down.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanic_boar_helmet&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boar%27s_tusk_helmet" title="Boar's tusk helmet">Boar's tusk helmet</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanic_boar_helmet&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFoster1977b1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFoster1977b1_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFoster1977b">Foster 1977b</a>, p. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrank200878-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrank200878_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrank200878_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrank2008">Frank 2008</a>, p. 78.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFoster1977b5-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFoster1977b5_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFoster1977b5_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFoster1977b">Foster 1977b</a>, p. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETacitus186831-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETacitus186831_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTacitus1868">Tacitus 1868</a>, p. 31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETacitus188625-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETacitus188625_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTacitus1886">Tacitus 1886</a>, p. 25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFoster1977b15,_19,_26-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFoster1977b15,_19,_26_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFoster1977b">Foster 1977b</a>, pp. 15, 19, 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKovárová2011164–165-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKovárová2011164–165_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKovárová2011">Kovárová 2011</a>, pp. 164–165.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKovárová2011153,_158–161-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKovárová2011153,_158–161_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKovárová2011">Kovárová 2011</a>, pp. 153, 158–161.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESimek2007122,_147,_273-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESimek2007122,_147,_273_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSimek2007">Simek 2007</a>, pp. 122, 147, 273.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESimek2007309,_351-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESimek2007309,_351_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSimek2007">Simek 2007</a>, pp. 309, 351.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESimek2007298-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESimek2007298_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSimek2007">Simek 2007</a>, p. 298.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKovárová2011196-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKovárová2011196_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKovárová2011">Kovárová 2011</a>, p. 196.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcKinnell200560-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcKinnell200560_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcKinnell2005">McKinnell 2005</a>, p. 60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKovárová2011203–212-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKovárová2011203–212_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKovárová2011">Kovárová 2011</a>, pp. 203–212.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKovárová2011113–117-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKovárová2011113–117_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKovárová2011">Kovárová 2011</a>, pp. 113–117.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKovárová2011118–119-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKovárová2011118–119_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKovárová2011">Kovárová 2011</a>, pp. 118–119.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESundqvist2000141-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESundqvist2000141_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSundqvist2000">Sundqvist 2000</a>, p. 141.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKovárová2011212-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKovárová2011212_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKovárová2011">Kovárová 2011</a>, pp. 212.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFoster1977b27-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFoster1977b27_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFoster1977b27_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFoster1977b">Foster 1977b</a>, p. 27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrank200880,_86-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrank200880,_86_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrank2008">Frank 2008</a>, pp. 80, 86.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKovárová2011181-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKovárová2011181_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKovárová2011">Kovárová 2011</a>, p. 181.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaney1970123–124-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaney1970123–124_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaney1970123–124_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChaney1970">Chaney 1970</a>, pp. 123–124.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuseums_Sheffield_boar_on_replica-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuseums_Sheffield_boar_on_replica_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMuseums_Sheffield_boar_on_replica">Museums Sheffield boar on replica</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAldhouse-Green1992152-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAldhouse-Green1992152_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAldhouse-Green1992">Aldhouse-Green 1992</a>, p. 152.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1974238-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1974238_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBruce-Mitford1974">Bruce-Mitford 1974</a>, p. 238.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKovárová2011174-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKovárová2011174_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKovárová2011">Kovárová 2011</a>, p. 174.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKovárová2011176–177-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKovárová2011176–177_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKovárová2011">Kovárová 2011</a>, pp. 176–177.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHatto1957159-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHatto1957159_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHatto1957">Hatto 1957</a>, p. 159.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFoster1977a167-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFoster1977a167_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFoster1977a">Foster 1977a</a>, p. 167.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlaeber1922ll._303–306,_1110–1112,_1286,_1327–1328,_1448–1454-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlaeber1922ll._303–306,_1110–1112,_1286,_1327–1328,_1448–1454_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKlaeber1922">Klaeber 1922</a>, ll. 303–306, 1110–1112, 1286, 1327–1328, 1448–1454.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHatto1957155–156-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHatto1957155–156_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHatto1957">Hatto 1957</a>, pp. 155–156.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpeake198080-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpeake198080_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpeake1980">Speake 1980</a>, p. 80.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBateman186133-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBateman186133_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBateman1861">Bateman 1861</a>, p. 33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlaeber1922ll._1110–1112,_1286,_1327–1328-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlaeber1922ll._1110–1112,_1286,_1327–1328_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKlaeber1922">Klaeber 1922</a>, ll. 1110–1112, 1286, 1327–1328.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECramp195762–63-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECramp195762–63_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECramp195762–63_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCramp1957">Cramp 1957</a>, pp. 62–63.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavidson1968354-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavidson1968354_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavidson1968354_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDavidson1968">Davidson 1968</a>, p. 354.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStiegemannKrokerWalter2013189-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStiegemannKrokerWalter2013189_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStiegemannKrokerWalter2013">Stiegemann, Kroker & Walter 2013</a>, p. 189.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlaeber1922ll._1279–1291-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlaeber1922ll._1279–1291_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKlaeber1922">Klaeber 1922</a>, ll. 1279–1291.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeaney200089–91-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeaney200089–91_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeaney2000">Heaney 2000</a>, pp. 89–91.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlaeber1922ll._1326–1328-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlaeber1922ll._1326–1328_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKlaeber1922">Klaeber 1922</a>, ll. 1326–1328.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETolkien201451-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETolkien201451_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTolkien2014">Tolkien 2014</a>, p. 51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlaeber1922ll._303–306,_1448–1454-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlaeber1922ll._303–306,_1448–1454_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKlaeber1922">Klaeber 1922</a>, ll. 303–306, 1448–1454.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeaney200021–23-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeaney200021–23_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeaney2000">Heaney 2000</a>, pp. 21–23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaney1970123-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaney1970123_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChaney1970">Chaney 1970</a>, p. 123.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1972122-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1972122_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBruce-Mitford1972">Bruce-Mitford 1972</a>, p. 122.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKovárová2011182–183-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKovárová2011182–183_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKovárová2011">Kovárová 2011</a>, pp. 182–183.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKovárová2011176-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKovárová2011176_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKovárová2011">Kovárová 2011</a>, p. 176.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENewton199342-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENewton199342_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNewton1993">Newton 1993</a>, p. 42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEByock1999105-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEByock1999105_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFByock1999">Byock 1999</a>, p. 105.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKovárová2011203–204-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKovárová2011203–204_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKovárová2011">Kovárová 2011</a>, pp. 203–204.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESturluson-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESturluson_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESturluson_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSturluson">Sturluson</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKovárová2011179-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKovárová2011179_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKovárová2011179_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKovárová2011">Kovárová 2011</a>, p. 179.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESturluson20075-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESturluson20075_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSturluson2007">Sturluson 2007</a>, p. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESturluson1987168-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESturluson1987168_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSturluson1987">Sturluson 1987</a>, p. 168.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETrefilsson-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrefilsson_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTrefilsson">Trefilsson</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorrisEirikr2019-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorrisEirikr2019_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorrisEirikr2019">Morris & Eirikr 2019</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKovárová2011107–108,_179-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKovárová2011107–108,_179_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKovárová2011">Kovárová 2011</a>, pp. 107–108, 179.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlaeber1922ll._303–306-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlaeber1922ll._303–306_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKlaeber1922">Klaeber 1922</a>, ll. 303–306.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKovárová2011181–182-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKovárová2011181–182_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKovárová2011">Kovárová 2011</a>, pp. 181–182.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKovárová2011153–156-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKovárová2011153–156_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKovárová2011">Kovárová 2011</a>, pp. 153–156.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHatto1957156-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHatto1957156_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHatto1957">Hatto 1957</a>, p. 156.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanic_boar_helmet&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary">Primary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanic_boar_helmet&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Primary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKlaeber1922" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Klaeber" title="Frederick Klaeber">Klaeber, Friedrich</a> (1922). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zcw6AAAAMAAJ"><i>Beowulf and The Fight at Finnsburg</i></a>. Boston: D.C. Heath & Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beowulf+and+The+Fight+at+Finnsburg&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=D.C.+Heath+%26+Company&rft.date=1922&rft.aulast=Klaeber&rft.aufirst=Friedrich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dzcw6AAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGermanic+boar+helmet" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="Open access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFByock1999" class="citation book cs1">Byock, Jesse (1999). <i>The Saga of King Hrolf Kraki</i>. The Penguin Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/014043593X" title="Special:BookSources/014043593X"><bdi>014043593X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Saga+of+King+Hrolf+Kraki&rft.pub=The+Penguin+Group&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=014043593X&rft.aulast=Byock&rft.aufirst=Jesse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGermanic+boar+helmet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeaney2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Seamus_Heaney" title="Seamus Heaney">Heaney, Seamus</a> (2000). <i>Beowulf: A New Verse Translation</i>. New York: W. W. Norton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-393-32097-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-393-32097-9"><bdi>0-393-32097-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beowulf%3A+A+New+Verse+Translation&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-393-32097-9&rft.aulast=Heaney&rft.aufirst=Seamus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGermanic+boar+helmet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorrisEirikr2019" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Morris" title="William Morris">Morris, William</a>; <a href="/wiki/Eirikr_Magnusson" class="mw-redirect" title="Eirikr Magnusson">Eirikr, Magnusson</a> (2019). <i>The Story of the Ere-Dwellers (Eyrbyggja Saga), Chapter 26</i>. Alpha Editions. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789353705411" title="Special:BookSources/9789353705411"><bdi>9789353705411</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+the+Ere-Dwellers+%28Eyrbyggja+Saga%29%2C+Chapter+26&rft.pub=Alpha+Editions&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9789353705411&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=William&rft.au=Eirikr%2C+Magnusson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGermanic+boar+helmet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSturluson" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Snorri_Sturluson" title="Snorri Sturluson">Sturluson, Snorri</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://heimskringla.no/wiki/Nafna%C3%BEulur">"Nafnaþulur"</a>. <i>heimskringla.no</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=heimskringla.no&rft.atitle=Nafna%C3%BEulur&rft.aulast=Sturluson&rft.aufirst=Snorri&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fheimskringla.no%2Fwiki%2FNafna%25C3%25BEulur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGermanic+boar+helmet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSturluson1987" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Snorri_Sturluson" title="Snorri Sturluson">Sturluson, Snorri</a> (1987). <i>Edda</i>. Translated by Faulkes, Anthony. London: Everyman.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Edda&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Everyman&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Sturluson&rft.aufirst=Snorri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGermanic+boar+helmet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSturluson2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Snorri_Sturluson" title="Snorri Sturluson">Sturluson, Snorri</a> (2007). Faulkes, Anthony (ed.). <i>Edda. Háttatal</i> (Second ed.). London: Viking Society for Northern Research. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0903521680" title="Special:BookSources/978-0903521680"><bdi>978-0903521680</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Edda.+H%C3%A1ttatal&rft.place=London&rft.edition=Second&rft.pub=Viking+Society+for+Northern+Research&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0903521680&rft.aulast=Sturluson&rft.aufirst=Snorri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGermanic+boar+helmet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTacitus1868" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tacitus" title="Tacitus">Tacitus</a> (1868). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qZFJAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA30">"Germany and its Tribes"</a>. <i>The Agricola and Germania of Tacitus</i>. Translated by <a href="/wiki/Alfred_John_Church" title="Alfred John Church">Church, Alfred John</a> & <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:William_Jackson_Brodribb" class="extiw" title="s:Author:William Jackson Brodribb">Brodribb, William Jackson</a>. London: Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-02-237238-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-02-237238-2"><bdi>978-1-02-237238-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Germany+and+its+Tribes&rft.btitle=The+Agricola+and+Germania+of+Tacitus&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1868&rft.isbn=978-1-02-237238-2&rft.au=Tacitus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqZFJAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DRA1-PA30&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGermanic+boar+helmet" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="Open access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTacitus1886" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tacitus" title="Tacitus">Tacitus</a> (1886). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VqwBAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA25">"Germania"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Alfred_John_Church" title="Alfred John Church">Church, Alfred John</a> & <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:William_Jackson_Brodribb" class="extiw" title="s:Author:William Jackson Brodribb">Brodribb, William Jackson</a> (eds.). <i>The Agricola and Germania of Tacitus: With a Revised Text, English Notes, and Maps</i>. London: Macmillan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Germania&rft.btitle=The+Agricola+and+Germania+of+Tacitus%3A+With+a+Revised+Text%2C+English+Notes%2C+and+Maps&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1886&rft.au=Tacitus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVqwBAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DRA1-PA25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGermanic+boar+helmet" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="Open access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTolkien2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">Tolkien, J. R. R.</a> (2014). <i>Beowulf : a translation and commentary, together with Sellic spell</i>. London: Harper Collins Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780007590070" title="Special:BookSources/9780007590070"><bdi>9780007590070</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beowulf+%3A+a+translation+and+commentary%2C+together+with+Sellic+spell&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Harper+Collins+Publishers&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9780007590070&rft.aulast=Tolkien&rft.aufirst=J.+R.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGermanic+boar+helmet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrefilsson" class="citation web cs1">Trefilsson, Þormóðr. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Skaldic+Poetry+of+the+Scandinavian+Middle+Ages&rft.atitle=Hrafnsm%C3%A1l&rft.aulast=Trefilsson&rft.aufirst=%C3%9Eorm%C3%B3%C3%B0r&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fskaldic.org%2Fm.php%3Fp%3Dtext%26i%3D1424&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGermanic+boar+helmet" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Secondary">Secondary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanic_boar_helmet&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Secondary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAldhouse-Green1992" class="citation book cs1">Aldhouse-Green, Miranda J. (1992). <i>Animals in Celtic life and myth</i>. London: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0415185882" title="Special:BookSources/0415185882"><bdi>0415185882</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Animals+in+Celtic+life+and+myth&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0415185882&rft.aulast=Aldhouse-Green&rft.aufirst=Miranda+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGermanic+boar+helmet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBateman1861" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bateman_(antiquary)" title="Thomas Bateman (antiquary)">Bateman, Thomas</a> (1861). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oopBAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA28"><i>Ten Years' Digging in Celtic and Saxon Grave Hills, in the Counties of Derby, Stafford, and York, from 1848 to 1858; with Notices of some Former Discoveries, Hitherto Unpublished, and Remarks on the Crania and Pottery from the Mounds</i></a>. London: John Russell Smith. pp. 28–33.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ten+Years%27+Digging+in+Celtic+and+Saxon+Grave+Hills%2C+in+the+Counties+of+Derby%2C+Stafford%2C+and+York%2C+from+1848+to+1858%3B+with+Notices+of+some+Former+Discoveries%2C+Hitherto+Unpublished%2C+and+Remarks+on+the+Crania+and+Pottery+from+the+Mounds&rft.place=London&rft.pages=28-33&rft.pub=John+Russell+Smith&rft.date=1861&rft.aulast=Bateman&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoopBAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGermanic+boar+helmet" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="Open access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBruce-Mitford1972" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rupert_Bruce-Mitford" title="Rupert Bruce-Mitford">Bruce-Mitford, Rupert</a> (Autumn 1972). "The Sutton Hoo Helmet: A New Reconstruction". <i><a href="/wiki/British_Museum_Quarterly" title="British Museum Quarterly">The British Museum Quarterly</a></i>. <b>XXXVI</b> (3–4). British Museum: 120–130. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F4423116">10.2307/4423116</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4423116">4423116</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+British+Museum+Quarterly&rft.atitle=The+Sutton+Hoo+Helmet%3A+A+New+Reconstruction&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=XXXVI&rft.issue=3%E2%80%934&rft.pages=120-130&rft.date=1972&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F4423116&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4423116%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Bruce-Mitford&rft.aufirst=Rupert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGermanic+boar+helmet" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="closed access publication – behind paywall"><img alt="Closed access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/9px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/14px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/18px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBruce-Mitford1974" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rupert_Bruce-Mitford" title="Rupert Bruce-Mitford">Bruce-Mitford, Rupert</a> (1974). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/aspectsofanglosa0000bruc"><i>Aspects of Anglo-Saxon Archaeology: Sutton Hoo and Other Discoveries</i></a></span>. London: <a href="/wiki/Victor_Gollancz_Ltd" title="Victor Gollancz Ltd">Victor Gollancz Limited</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-575-01704-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-575-01704-X"><bdi>0-575-01704-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aspects+of+Anglo-Saxon+Archaeology%3A+Sutton+Hoo+and+Other+Discoveries&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Victor+Gollancz+Limited&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=0-575-01704-X&rft.aulast=Bruce-Mitford&rft.aufirst=Rupert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Faspectsofanglosa0000bruc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGermanic+boar+helmet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChaney1970" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Chaney" title="William Chaney">Chaney, William A.</a> (1970). <i>The Cult of Kingship in Anglo-Saxon England: The Transition from Paganism to Christianity</i>. Manchester: Manchester University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-520-01401-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-520-01401-4"><bdi>0-520-01401-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cult+of+Kingship+in+Anglo-Saxon+England%3A+The+Transition+from+Paganism+to+Christianity&rft.place=Manchester&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=0-520-01401-4&rft.aulast=Chaney&rft.aufirst=William+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGermanic+boar+helmet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCramp1957" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rosemary_Cramp" title="Rosemary Cramp">Cramp, Rosemary J.</a> (1957). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-769-1/dissemination/pdf/vol01/1_057_077.pdf">"<i>Beowulf</i> and Archaeology"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Medieval Archaeology</i>. <b>1</b>. Society for Medieval Archaeology: 57–77. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00766097.1957.11735382">10.1080/00766097.1957.11735382</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Medieval+Archaeology&rft.atitle=Beowulf+and+Archaeology&rft.volume=1&rft.pages=57-77&rft.date=1957&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00766097.1957.11735382&rft.aulast=Cramp&rft.aufirst=Rosemary+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchaeologydataservice.ac.uk%2FarchiveDS%2FarchiveDownload%3Ft%3Darch-769-1%2Fdissemination%2Fpdf%2Fvol01%2F1_057_077.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGermanic+boar+helmet" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access#Free_access" title="Free to read"><img alt="Free access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></a></span></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavidson1968" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hilda_Ellis_Davidson" title="Hilda Ellis Davidson">Davidson, Hilda Ellis</a> (1968). "Archaeology and Beowulf". In Garmonsway, George Norman & <a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Simpson" title="Jacqueline Simpson">Simpson, Jacqueline</a> (eds.). <i>Beowulf and its Analogues</i>. London: J. M. Dent & Sons. pp. 350–360. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/421931242">421931242</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Archaeology+and+Beowulf&rft.btitle=Beowulf+and+its+Analogues&rft.place=London&rft.pages=350-360&rft.pub=J.+M.+Dent+%26+Sons&rft.date=1968&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F421931242&rft.aulast=Davidson&rft.aufirst=Hilda+Ellis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGermanic+boar+helmet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoster1977a" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Foster" title="Jennifer Foster">Foster, Jennifer</a> (1977a). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-769-1/dissemination/pdf/vol21/21_166_167.pdf">"Notes and News: A boar figurine from Guilden Morden, Cambs"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Archaeology" title="Medieval Archaeology">Medieval Archaeology</a></i>. <b>XXI</b>. Society for Medieval Archaeology: 166–167. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5284%2F1000320">10.5284/1000320</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Medieval+Archaeology&rft.atitle=Notes+and+News%3A+A+boar+figurine+from+Guilden+Morden%2C+Cambs&rft.volume=XXI&rft.pages=166-167&rft.date=1977&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5284%2F1000320&rft.aulast=Foster&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchaeologydataservice.ac.uk%2FarchiveDS%2FarchiveDownload%3Ft%3Darch-769-1%2Fdissemination%2Fpdf%2Fvol21%2F21_166_167.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGermanic+boar+helmet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoster1977b" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Foster" title="Jennifer Foster">Foster, Jennifer</a> (1977b). "Bronze Boar Figurines in Iron Age and Roman Britain". <i>British Archaeological Reports</i>. <b>39</b>. BAR Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-904531-74-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-904531-74-9"><bdi>978-0-904531-74-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Archaeological+Reports&rft.atitle=Bronze+Boar+Figurines+in+Iron+Age+and+Roman+Britain&rft.volume=39&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=978-0-904531-74-9&rft.aulast=Foster&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGermanic+boar+helmet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrank2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Roberta_Frank" title="Roberta Frank">Frank, Roberta</a> (2008). "The Boar on the Helmet". In <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Karkov" title="Catherine Karkov">Karkov, Catherine E.</a> & <a href="/wiki/Helen_Damico" title="Helen Damico">Damico, Helen</a> (eds.). <i>Aedificia Nova: Studies in Honor of Rosemary Cramp</i>. Publications of the Richard Rawlinson Center. Kalamazoo: Medieval Institute Publications, Western Michigan University. pp. 76–88. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58044-110-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58044-110-0"><bdi>978-1-58044-110-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Boar+on+the+Helmet&rft.btitle=Aedificia+Nova%3A+Studies+in+Honor+of+Rosemary+Cramp&rft.place=Kalamazoo&rft.series=Publications+of+the+Richard+Rawlinson+Center&rft.pages=76-88&rft.pub=Medieval+Institute+Publications%2C+Western+Michigan+University&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-58044-110-0&rft.aulast=Frank&rft.aufirst=Roberta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGermanic+boar+helmet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHatto1957" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Thomas_Hatto" title="Arthur Thomas Hatto">Hatto, Arthur Thomas</a> (1957). "Snake-Swords and Boar-Helmets in <i>Beowulf</i>". <i>English Studies</i>. <b>XXXVIII</b> (4): 145–160. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00138385708596994">10.1080/00138385708596994</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=English+Studies&rft.atitle=Snake-Swords+and+Boar-Helmets+in+Beowulf&rft.volume=XXXVIII&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=145-160&rft.date=1957&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00138385708596994&rft.aulast=Hatto&rft.aufirst=Arthur+Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGermanic+boar+helmet" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="closed access publication – behind paywall"><img alt="Closed access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/9px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/14px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/18px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKovárová2011" class="citation thesis cs1">Kovárová, Lenka (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://skemman.is/handle/1946/10143?locale=en"><i>The Swine in Old Nordic Religion and Worldview</i></a>. <i>Háskóla Íslands</i> (Thesis).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=The+Swine+in+Old+Nordic+Religion+and+Worldview&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Kov%C3%A1rov%C3%A1&rft.aufirst=Lenka&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fskemman.is%2Fhandle%2F1946%2F10143%3Flocale%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGermanic+boar+helmet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKinnell2005" class="citation book cs1">McKinnell, John (2005). <i>Meeting the other in Norse myth and legend</i>. Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK: D.S. Brewer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1843840421" title="Special:BookSources/1843840421"><bdi>1843840421</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Meeting+the+other+in+Norse+myth+and+legend&rft.place=Woodbridge%2C+Suffolk%2C+UK&rft.pub=D.S.+Brewer&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1843840421&rft.aulast=McKinnell&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGermanic+boar+helmet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewton1993" class="citation book cs1">Newton, Sam (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5a_WO4rcTBkC&dq=newton+wulfing+sweden&pg=PA116"><i>The Origins of Beowulf and the Pre-Viking Kingdom of East Anglia</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780859914727" title="Special:BookSources/9780859914727"><bdi>9780859914727</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origins+of+Beowulf+and+the+Pre-Viking+Kingdom+of+East+Anglia&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=9780859914727&rft.aulast=Newton&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5a_WO4rcTBkC%26dq%3Dnewton%2Bwulfing%2Bsweden%26pg%3DPA116&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGermanic+boar+helmet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimek2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Simek" title="Rudolf Simek">Simek, Rudolf</a> (2007). Hall, Angela (ed.). <i>Dictionary of Northern Mythology</i>. Cambridge: D. S. Brewer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780859915137" title="Special:BookSources/9780859915137"><bdi>9780859915137</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Northern+Mythology&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=D.+S.+Brewer&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780859915137&rft.aulast=Simek&rft.aufirst=Rudolf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGermanic+boar+helmet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpeake1980" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Speake" title="George Speake">Speake, George</a> (1980). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archive.org/details/anglosaxonanimal0000spea"><i>Anglo-Saxon Animal Art</i></a></span>. Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press#Clarendon_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Clarendon Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-813194-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-813194-1"><bdi>0-19-813194-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/79-41091">79-41091</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anglo-Saxon+Animal+Art&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1980&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F79-41091&rft.isbn=0-19-813194-1&rft.aulast=Speake&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archive.org%2Fdetails%2Fanglosaxonanimal0000spea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGermanic+boar+helmet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStiegemannKrokerWalter2013" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Stiegemann, Christoph; Kroker, Martin & Walter, Wolfgang, eds. (2013). <i>CREDO: Christianisierung Europas im Mittelalter</i> (in German). Vol. II: Katalog. Petersberg: Michael Imhof Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-86568-827-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-86568-827-9"><bdi>978-3-86568-827-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CREDO%3A+Christianisierung+Europas+im+Mittelalter&rft.place=Petersberg&rft.pub=Michael+Imhof+Verlag&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-3-86568-827-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGermanic+boar+helmet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSundqvist2000" class="citation book cs1">Sundqvist, Olof (2000). <i>Freyr's Offspring. Rulers and Religion in Ancient Svea Society</i>. Uppsala: Uppsala University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9155452639" title="Special:BookSources/9155452639"><bdi>9155452639</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Freyr%27s+Offspring.+Rulers+and+Religion+in+Ancient+Svea+Society&rft.place=Uppsala&rft.pub=Uppsala+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9155452639&rft.aulast=Sundqvist&rft.aufirst=Olof&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGermanic+boar+helmet" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuseums_Sheffield_boar_on_replica" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idigsheffield.org.uk/object.asp?ref=1995_260boar">"The boar on the replica Benty Grange helmet"</a>. <i>I Dig Sheffield</i>. Museums Sheffield<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=I+Dig+Sheffield&rft.atitle=The+boar+on+the+replica+Benty+Grange+helmet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.idigsheffield.org.uk%2Fobject.asp%3Fref%3D1995_260boar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGermanic+boar+helmet" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access#Free_access" title="Free to read"><img alt="Free access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_god_Freyr_in_Germanic_paganism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e7e7e7"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Freyr" title="Template:Freyr"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Freyr" title="Template talk:Freyr"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Freyr" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Freyr"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_god_Freyr_in_Germanic_paganism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">The god <a href="/wiki/Freyr" title="Freyr">Freyr</a> in <a href="/wiki/Germanic_paganism" title="Germanic paganism">Germanic paganism</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="background:#e7e7e7"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ingunar-Freyr" title="Ingunar-Freyr">Ingunar-Freyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yngvi" title="Yngvi">Yngvi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e7e7e7;width:1%">Attributes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81lfheimr" title="Álfheimr">Álfheimr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barri" title="Barri">Barri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bl%C3%B3%C3%B0ugh%C3%B3fi" title="Blóðughófi">Blóðughófi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%B3%C3%B0i%27s_Peace" title="Fróði's Peace">Fróði's Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gullinbursti" title="Gullinbursti">Gullinbursti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sk%C3%AD%C3%B0bla%C3%B0nir" title="Skíðblaðnir">Skíðblaðnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword_of_Freyr" title="Sword of Freyr">Sword of Freyr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e7e7e7;width:1%">Major attestations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hrafnkels_saga" title="Hrafnkels saga">Hrafnkels saga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%C3%96gmundar_%C3%BE%C3%A1ttr_dytts" title="Ögmundar þáttr dytts">Ögmundar þáttr dytts</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sk%C3%ADrnism%C3%A1l" title="Skírnismál">Skírnismál</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADga-Gl%C3%BAms_saga" title="Víga-Glúms saga">Víga-Glúms saga</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lusp%C3%A1" title="Völuspá">Völuspá</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ynglinga_Saga" class="mw-redirect" title="Ynglinga Saga">Ynglinga Saga</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e7e7e7;width:1%">Names and associates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_Freyr" class="mw-redirect" title="Names of Freyr">Names of Freyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beyla" title="Beyla">Beyla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byggvir" title="Byggvir">Byggvir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fj%C3%B6lnir" title="Fjölnir">Fjölnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ger%C3%B0r" title="Gerðr">Gerðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sk%C3%ADrnir" title="Skírnir">Skírnir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#e7e7e7;width:1%">Cult</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Germanic boar helmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heitstrenging" title="Heitstrenging">Heitstrenging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A4llinge_statuette" title="Rällinge statuette">Rällinge statuette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonarg%C3%B6ltr" title="Sonargöltr">Sonargöltr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_at_Uppsala" title="Temple at Uppsala">Temple at Uppsala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uppsala_%C3%B6d" title="Uppsala öd">Uppsala öd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yngling" title="Yngling">Yngling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Helmets" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Helmets" title="Template:Helmets"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Helmets" title="Template talk:Helmets"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Helmets" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Helmets"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Helmets" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Helmet" title="Helmet">Helmets</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Individual<br />historical<br />helmets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Helmet_of_Agighiol" title="Helmet of Agighiol">Agighiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agris_Helmet" title="Agris Helmet">Agris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benty_Grange_helmet" title="Benty Grange helmet">Benty Grange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broe_helmet" title="Broe helmet">Broe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canterbury_helmet" title="Canterbury helmet">Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celts_in_Transylvania#Helmet_of_Ciumeşti" title="Celts in Transylvania">Ciumeşti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coppergate_Helmet" title="Coppergate Helmet">Coppergate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmet_of_Co%C8%9Bofene%C8%99ti" title="Helmet of Coțofenești">Coțofenești</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coventry_Sallet" title="Coventry Sallet">Coventry Sallet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crosby_Garrett_Helmet" title="Crosby Garrett Helmet">Crosby Garrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emesa_helmet" title="Emesa helmet">Emesa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gevninge_helmet_fragment" title="Gevninge helmet fragment">Gevninge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gjermundbu_helmet" title="Gjermundbu helmet">Gjermundbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guilden_Morden_boar" title="Guilden Morden boar">Guilden Morden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guisborough_Helmet" title="Guisborough Helmet">Guisborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallaton_Helmet" title="Hallaton Helmet">Hallaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellvi_helmet_eyebrow" title="Hellvi helmet eyebrow">Hellvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horned_helmet_of_Henry_VIII" title="Horned helmet of Henry VIII">Henry VIII's Horned</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horncastle_boar%27s_head" title="Horncastle boar's head">Horncastle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmet_of_Iron_Gates" title="Helmet of Iron Gates">Iron Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lokrume_helmet_fragment" title="Lokrume helmet fragment">Lokrume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meyrick_Helmet" title="Meyrick Helmet">Meyrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemiya_Helmet" title="Nemiya Helmet">Nemiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newstead_Helmet" title="Newstead Helmet">Newstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nijmegen_Helmet" title="Nijmegen Helmet">Nijmegen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmet_of_Peretu" title="Helmet of Peretu">Peretu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_Helmet" title="Pioneer Helmet">Pioneer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribchester_Helmet" title="Ribchester Helmet">Ribchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shorwell_helmet" title="Shorwell helmet">Shorwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staffordshire_helmet" title="Staffordshire helmet">Staffordshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutton_Hoo_helmet" title="Sutton Hoo helmet">Sutton Hoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tjele_helmet_fragment" title="Tjele helmet fragment">Tjele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veks%C3%B8_helmets" class="mw-redirect" title="Veksø helmets">Veksø</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_the_Magnificent%27s_Venetian_Helmet" class="mw-redirect" title="Süleyman the Magnificent's Venetian Helmet">Venetian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterloo_Helmet" title="Waterloo Helmet">Waterloo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witcham_Gravel_helmet" title="Witcham Gravel helmet">Witcham Gravel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarm_helmet" title="Yarm helmet">Yarm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Combat_helmet" title="Combat helmet">Combat</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ancient</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attic_helmet" title="Attic helmet">Attic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boar%27s_tusk_helmet" title="Boar's tusk helmet">Boar's tusk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeotian_helmet" title="Boeotian helmet">Boeotian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalcidian_helmet" title="Chalcidian helmet">Chalcidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coolus_helmet" title="Coolus helmet">Coolus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corinthian_helmet" title="Corinthian helmet">Corinthian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galea_(helmet)" title="Galea (helmet)">Galea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illyrian_type_helmet" title="Illyrian type helmet">Illyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_helmet" title="Imperial helmet">Imperial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kegelhelm" title="Kegelhelm">Kegelhelm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konos" title="Konos">Konos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Late_Roman_ridge_helmet" title="Late Roman ridge helmet">Late Roman ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montefortino_helmet" title="Montefortino helmet">Montefortino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negau_helmet" class="mw-redirect" title="Negau helmet">Negau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrygian_helmet" title="Phrygian helmet">Phrygian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pileus_(hat)" title="Pileus (hat)">Pilos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shmarjet" title="Shmarjet">Shmarjet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medieval and<br />Early Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armet" title="Armet">Armet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aventail" title="Aventail">Aventail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbute" title="Barbute">Barbute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bascinet" title="Bascinet">Bascinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgonet" title="Burgonet">Burgonet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cervelliere" title="Cervelliere">Cervelliere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Close_helmet" title="Close helmet">Close</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragoon_helmet" title="Dragoon helmet">Dragoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enclosed_helmet" title="Enclosed helmet">Enclosed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falling_buffe" title="Falling buffe">Falling buffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frog-mouth_helm" title="Frog-mouth helm">Frog-mouth</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Germanic boar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_helm" title="Great helm">Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bascinet#Hounskull" title="Bascinet">Hounskull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Jingasa">Jingasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabuto" title="Kabuto">Kabuto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katapu" title="Katapu">Katapu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kettle_hat" title="Kettle hat">Kettle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulah_khud" title="Kulah khud">Kulah khud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamellenhelm" class="mw-redirect" title="Lamellenhelm">Lamellenhelm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobster-tailed_pot_helmet" title="Lobster-tailed pot helmet">Lobster-tailed pot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men-yoroi" title="Men-yoroi">Mempo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morion_(helmet)" title="Morion (helmet)">Morion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasal_helmet" title="Nasal helmet">Nasal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paseki" title="Paseki">Paseki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickelhaube" title="Pickelhaube">Pickelhaube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sallet" title="Sallet">Sallet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secrete_(helmet)" title="Secrete (helmet)">Secrete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spangenhelm" title="Spangenhelm">Spangenhelm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takula_tofao" title="Takula tofao">Takula tofao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turban_helmet" title="Turban helmet">Turban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_Age_arms_and_armour#Helmet" title="Viking Age arms and armour">Viking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Late Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dragoon_helmet" title="Dragoon helmet">Dragoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickelhaube" title="Pickelhaube">Pickelhaube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pith_helmet" title="Pith helmet">Pith helmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarleton_helmet" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarleton helmet">Tarleton helmet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1914–1945</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_helmet" title="Adrian helmet">Adrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brodie_helmet" title="Brodie helmet">Brodie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_M36_helmet" title="Bulgarian M36 helmet">M36 (Bulgaria)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakian_M32_helmet" class="mw-redirect" title="Czechoslovakian M32 helmet">M32 (Czechoslovakia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M1923_helmet_(Denmark)" title="M1923 helmet (Denmark)">M1923 (Denmark)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stahlhelm" title="Stahlhelm">Stahlhelm (Germany)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_M1934/39_helmet" title="Greek M1934/39 helmet">M1934/39 (Greece)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmet_Steel_Airborne_Troop" title="Helmet Steel Airborne Troop">Helmet Steel Airborne Troop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M33_helmet" title="M33 helmet">M33 (Italy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M42_Duperite_helmet" title="M42 Duperite helmet">M42 Duperite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M1_helmet" title="M1 helmet">M1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M1C_helmet" title="M1C helmet">M1C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US_Navy_Mk_II_talker_helmet" title="US Navy Mk II talker helmet">Mk II talker helmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mk_III_helmet" title="Mk III helmet">Mk III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands_M34" title="Netherlands M34">Netherlands M34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/He%C5%82m_wz._31" title="Hełm wz. 31">Hełm wz. 31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_M1940_helmet" title="Portuguese M1940 helmet">M1940 (Portugal)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAC_helmet" title="RAC helmet">RAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SSh-36" title="SSh-36">SSh-36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SSh-39_and_SSh-40" title="SSh-39 and SSh-40">SSh-39 and SSh-40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M1921_helmet_(Spain)" title="M1921 helmet (Spain)">M1921 (Spain)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M1926_helmet_(Spain)" title="M1926 helmet (Spain)">M1926 (Spain)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M1934_helmet_(Spain)" title="M1934 helmet (Spain)">M1934 (Spain)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M1942_Modelo_Z" title="M1942 Modelo Z">M1942 Modelo Z</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SSK_90_helmet" title="SSK 90 helmet">SSK 90</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M1926_helmet_(Sweden)" title="M1926 helmet (Sweden)">M1926 (Sweden)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M1937_helmet_(Sweden)" title="M1937 helmet (Sweden)">M1937 (Sweden)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27Eplattenier_helmet" title="L'Eplattenier helmet">L'Eplattenier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_M1918_Helmet" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss M1918 Helmet">M1918 (Switzerland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Army" title="Uniforms of the Imperial Japanese Army">Type 92 Tetsubo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1945–1980</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangtan_Helmet" title="Bangtan Helmet">Bangtan Helmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CABAL_II" title="CABAL II">CABAL II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_Vz._53_Helmet" class="mw-redirect" title="Czechoslovak Vz. 53 Helmet">Czechoslovak Vz. 53 Helmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GK80" title="GK80">GK80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_M70" title="Hungarian M70">Hungarian M70</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_M73_helmet" title="Romanian M73 helmet">Romanian M73 helmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C2%BA_44_E.T.A._de_Paracaidista" class="mw-redirect" title="Mº 44 E.T.A. de Paracaidista">Mº 44 E.T.A.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M59/85" title="M59/85">M59/85</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/He%C5%82m_wz._50" title="Hełm wz. 50">Hełm wz. 50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/He%C5%82m_wz._63" title="Hełm wz. 63">Hełm wz. 63</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/He%C5%82m_wz._67" title="Hełm wz. 67">Hełm wz. 67</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M63_helmet" title="M63 helmet">M63</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M76_paratrooper_helmet" title="M76 paratrooper helmet">M76 Para</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mk_IV_helmet" title="Mk IV helmet">Mk IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mk_6_helmet" title="Mk 6 helmet">Mk 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le_1951_helmet" title="Modèle 1951 helmet">Modèle 1951</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le_1978_helmet" title="Modèle 1978 helmet">Modèle 1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPC-1" title="MPC-1">MPC-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OR-201" title="OR-201">OR-201</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paratrooper_helmet" title="Paratrooper helmet">Paratrooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SSh-60" title="SSh-60">SSh-60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SSh-68" title="SSh-68">SSh-68</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_M1971_Helmet" title="Swiss M1971 Helmet">Swiss M71</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_66_helmet" title="Type 66 helmet">Type 66</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CG634" title="CG634">CG634</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gefechtshelm_M92" title="Gefechtshelm M92">M92</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GOLFO" title="GOLFO">GOLFO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_M90_helmet" title="Iraqi M90 helmet">M90 (Iraq)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JK_96_helmet" title="JK 96 helmet">JK 96</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M59/85" title="M59/85">M59/85</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M87_kevlar_helmet" title="M87 kevlar helmet">M87</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personnel_Armor_System_for_Ground_Troops" title="Personnel Armor System for Ground Troops">PASGT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/He%C5%82m_wz._93" title="Hełm wz. 93">Hełm wz. 93</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/He%C5%82m_wz._2000" title="Hełm wz. 2000">Hełm wz. 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sfera_(helmet)" title="Sfera (helmet)">Sfera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPECTRA_helmet" title="SPECTRA helmet">SPECTRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6B7_helmet" title="6B7 helmet">6B7</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A2_Helmet" title="A2 Helmet">A2 Helmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Combat_Helmet" title="Advanced Combat Helmet">Advanced Combat Helmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BK-3_helmet" title="BK-3 helmet">BK-3 helmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QGF-03" title="QGF-03">QGF-03</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Combat_Helmet_(Australia)" title="Enhanced Combat Helmet (Australia)">ECH (Australia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Combat_Helmet_(United_States)" title="Enhanced Combat Helmet (United States)">ECH (US)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_Assault_Shell_Technology_helmet" title="Future Assault Shell Technology helmet">FAST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6B47_helmet" title="6B47 helmet">6B47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/He%C5%82m_wz._2005" title="Hełm wz. 2005">Hełm wz. 2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Head_Protection_System" title="Integrated Head Protection System">IHPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KH-B2000" title="KH-B2000">KH-B2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightweight_Helmet" title="Lightweight Helmet">Lightweight Helmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modular_Integrated_Communications_Helmet" title="Modular Integrated Communications Helmet">MICH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mk_7_helmet" title="Mk 7 helmet">Mk 7</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Athletic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batting_helmet" title="Batting helmet">Batting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coolflo" title="Coolflo">Coolflo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headgear_(martial_arts)" title="Headgear (martial arts)">Boxing / Martial Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_helmet" title="Bicycle helmet">Bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cricket_helmet" title="Cricket helmet">Cricket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_helmet" title="Equestrian helmet">Equestrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football_helmet" title="Football helmet">Gridiron football</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eyeshield" title="Eyeshield">Eyeshield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution_helmets" title="Revolution helmets">Revolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hockey_helmet" title="Hockey helmet">Hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacrosse_helmet" title="Lacrosse helmet">Lacrosse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_helmet" title="Motorcycle helmet">Motorcycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racing_helmet" title="Racing helmet">Racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scrum_cap" title="Scrum cap">Scrum cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ski_helmet" title="Ski helmet">Ski</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Work</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Custodian_helmet" title="Custodian helmet">Custodian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_helmet" title="Diving helmet">Diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefighter%27s_helmet" title="Firefighter's helmet">Firefighter's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_hat" title="Hard hat">Hard hat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riot_protection_helmet" title="Riot protection helmet">Riot protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welding_helmet" title="Welding helmet">Welding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flight_helmet" title="Flight helmet">Flight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmet_cover" title="Helmet cover">Helmet cover</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitznefet_(Israeli_military)" title="Mitznefet (Israeli military)">Mitznefet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmet_(heraldry)" title="Helmet (heraldry)">Heraldic use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horned_helmet" title="Horned helmet">Horned</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahiole" title="Mahiole">Mahiole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarnhelm" title="Tarnhelm">Tarnhelm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pith_helmet" title="Pith helmet">Pith</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_fiber_helmet" title="American fiber helmet">American fiber</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winged_helmet" title="Winged helmet">Winged</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuckerman_helmet" title="Zuckerman helmet">Zuckerman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Germanic_boar_helmet&oldid=1260624705">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Germanic_boar_helmet&oldid=1260624705</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:7th-century_artifacts" title="Category:7th-century artifacts">7th-century artifacts</a></li><li><a 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