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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 19 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" > 19 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A8" title="রাষ্ট্রপতি শাসন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রাষ্ট্রপতি শাসন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8" title="राष्ट्रपति शासन – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="राष्ट्रपति शासन" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Govern_presidencial" title="Govern presidencial – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Govern presidencial" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/President%E2%80%99s_rule" title="President’s rule – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="President’s rule" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/President%27s_rule" title="President's rule – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="President's rule" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B7%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9F%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%AA%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%BF_%E0%AA%B6%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%A8" title="રાષ્ટ્રપતિ શાસન – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="રાષ્ટ્રપતિ શાસન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8" title="राष्ट्रपति शासन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="राष्ट्रपति शासन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemerintahan_presiden" title="Pemerintahan presiden – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pemerintahan presiden" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%B3%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A4" title="ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರಪತಿ ಆಡಳಿತ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರಪತಿ ಆಡಳಿತ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82" title="രാഷ്ട്രപതി ഭരണം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="രാഷ്ട്രപതി ഭരണം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%9F" title="राष्ट्रपती राजवट – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="राष्ट्रपती राजवट" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8" title="राष्ट्रपतिको शासन – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="राष्ट्रपतिको शासन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prezident_qoidasi" title="Prezident qoidasi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Prezident qoidasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%A8" title="ਰਾਸ਼ਟਰਪਤੀ ਸ਼ਾਸ਼ਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰਾਸ਼ਟਰਪਤੀ ਸ਼ਾਸ਼ਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC" title="صدر راج – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="صدر راج" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="राष्ट्रपतिशासनम् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="राष्ट्रपतिशासनम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF" title="குடியரசுத் தலைவர் ஆட்சி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குடியரசுத் தலைவர் ஆட்சி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B7%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%A8" title="రాష్ట్రపతి పాలన – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="రాష్ట్రపతి పాలన" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Indian law of suspension of state government</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Direct rule in India" redirects here. For direct rule over India in the colonial period, see <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/President%27s_rule" title="Special:EditPage/President's rule">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22President%27s+rule%22">"President's rule"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22President%27s+rule%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22President%27s+rule%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22President%27s+rule%22+-wikipedia">books</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22President%27s+rule%22">scholar</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22President%27s+rule%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a> (June 2023) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> In <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, President's rule is the suspension of state government and imposition of direct <a href="/wiki/Union_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Union government">Union government</a> rule in a <a href="/wiki/States_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="States of India">state</a>. Under Article 356 of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">Constitution of India</a>, if a <a href="/wiki/State_governments_of_India" title="State governments of India">state government</a> is unable to function according to Constitutional provisions, the Union government can take direct control of the state machinery. Subsequently, executive authority is exercised through the centrally appointed <a href="/wiki/Governors_of_states_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Governors of states of India">governor</a>, who has the authority to appoint other administrators to assist them. The administrators are usually nonpartisan retired <a href="/wiki/Civil_services_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil services of India">civil servants</a> not native to the state. When a state government is functioning correctly, it is run by an elected Council of Ministers responsible to the state's legislative assembly (<a href="/wiki/Vidhan_Sabha" class="mw-redirect" title="Vidhan Sabha">Vidhan Sabha</a>). The council is led by the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Minister (India)">chief minister</a>, who is the chief executive of the state; the Governor is only a constitutional head. However, during President's rule, the Council of Ministers is dissolved, later on vacating the office of Chief Minister. Furthermore, the Vidhan Sabha is either <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/prorogued" class="extiw" title="wikt:prorogued">prorogued</a> or <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_parliament" title="Dissolution of parliament">dissolved</a>, necessitating a new election. Prior to 2019, the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir">constitution</a> of the state of <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (state)">Jammu and Kashmir</a> had a similar system of Governor's rule, under its Section 92. The state's governor issued a proclamation, after obtaining the consent of the <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President of India</a> allowing Governor's rule for a period of up to six months after which President's rule under Article 356 of the Constitution of India can be imposed. After the <a href="/wiki/Indian_revocation_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir%27s_special_status" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian revocation of Jammu and Kashmir's special status">revocation</a> of <a href="/wiki/Article_370_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Article 370 of the Constitution of India">Article 370</a>, President's rule applies to Jammu and Kashmir under section 73 (since Article 356 of Constitution of India does not apply to union territories) of <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_Reorganisation_Act,_2019" title="Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019">Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019</a>. Following the 1994 landmark judgment in <a href="/wiki/S._R._Bommai_v._Union_of_India" title="S. R. Bommai v. Union of India">S. R. Bommai v. Union of India</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_India" title="Supreme Court of India">Supreme Court of India</a> restricted arbitrary impositions of President's rule. <a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarh" title="Chhattisgarh">Chhattisgarh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Telangana" title="Telangana">Telangana</a> are the only states where the President's rule has never been imposed so far.<a href="#cite_note-:6-1">[1]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Imposition_in_state">Imposition in state</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=President%27s_rule&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Imposition in state">edit</a>]</div> In practice, President's rule has been imposed in a State under any one of the following different circumstances: <ul><li>A state Assembly is unable to elect a leader as Chief Minister for a time prescribed by the Governor of that State, at the Will of Governor.</li> <li>Breakdown of a coalition leading to the Chief Minister not having majority support in the Assembly; and the Chief minister fails/will definitely fail to prove otherwise, within a time prescribed by the Governor of that state.</li> <li>Loss of majority in the Assembly due to a vote of no-confidence in the house.</li> <li>Elections postponed for unavoidable reasons like war, epidemic, pandemic or natural disasters.</li> <li>On the report of the Governor of the State that the State's constitutional machinery or legislature fails to abide by Constitutional norms.</li></ul> If approved by both Houses, President's rule can continue for 6 months. It can be extended for a maximum of 3 years with the approval of the Parliament done every 6 months; however it can be extended repeatedly if the <a href="/wiki/Election_Commission_of_India" title="Election Commission of India">Election Commission of India</a> recommends that elections are not possible. If the <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> is dissolved during this time, the rule is valid for 30 days from the first sitting of the new Lok Sabha provided that this continuance has already been approved by <a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a>. The 44th Amendment Act of 1978 introduced a new provision to put a restraint on the power of Parliament to extend the President's rule in a state. According to this provision, the president's rule can only be extended over a year, under the following conditions: <ul><li>There is already a national emergency throughout India, or in the whole or any part of the state.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Election_Commission_of_India" title="Election Commission of India">Election Commission</a> certifies that elections cannot be conducted in the state.</li></ul> President's rule can be revoked at any time by the President and does not need Parliament's approval. Until the mid-1990s, President's rule was often imposed in states through the abuse of authority of Governors who were in collusion with the Union government. The Supreme Court of India in March 1994 established a precedent in <a href="/wiki/S._R._Bommai_v._Union_of_India" title="S. R. Bommai v. Union of India">S. R. Bommai v. Union of India</a>, due to which such abuse has been drastically reduced. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Imposition_in_Union_territories_with_a_Legislative_Assembly">Imposition in Union territories with a Legislative Assembly</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=President%27s_rule&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Imposition in Union territories with a Legislative Assembly">edit</a>]</div> Article 356 is not applicable to Union territories, so there are many ways by which President's rule can be imposed in different Union territories with a Legislative Assembly. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jammu_and_Kashmir">Jammu and Kashmir</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=President%27s_rule&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Jammu and Kashmir">edit</a>]</div> Until the <a href="/wiki/Revocation_of_the_special_status_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Revocation of the special status of Jammu and Kashmir">come back Article 370 in 31 dec 2024</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_Reorganization_Act,_2019" class="mw-redirect" title="Jammu and Kashmir Reorganization Act, 2019">bifurcation</a> into two Union territories, President's rule applied after the application of Governor's rule under the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir">erstwhile state's constitution</a> for 6 months. After the revocation and bifurcation, the reorganized Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir is subject to the section 73 of the <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_Reorganization_Act,_2019" class="mw-redirect" title="Jammu and Kashmir Reorganization Act, 2019">Jammu and Kashmir Reorganization Act, 2019</a>, which is used to impose President's rule as the Article 356 is not applicable to Union Territories. The provision states: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">73. If the President, on receipt of a report from the Lieutenant Governor of Union territory of Jammu and Kashmir, or otherwise, is satisfied,— (a) that a situation has arisen in which the administration of the Union territory of Jammu and Kashmir cannot be carried on in accordance with the provisions of this Act, or (b) that for the proper administration of Union territory of Jammu and Kashmir it is necessary or expedient so to do, the President may, by order, suspend the operation of all or any of the provisions of this Act for such period as he thinks fit and makes such incidental and consequential provisions as may appear to him to be necessary or expedient for administering the Union territory of Jammu and Kashmir in accordance with the provisions of this Act.</blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Delhi">Delhi</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=President%27s_rule&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Delhi">edit</a>]</div> In NCT of Delhi, President's rule is applied on the basis of Article 239AB of the Constitution of India (as the Article 356 is not applicable to Union Territories) which reads thus: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">239AB. -If the President, on receipt of a report from the Lieutenant Governor or otherwise, is satisfied— (a)that a situation has arisen in which the administration of the National Capital Territory cannot be carried on in accordance with the provisions of article 239AA or of any law made in pursuance of that article; or (b)that for the proper administration of the National Capital Territory it is necessary or expedient so to do, the President may by order suspend the operation of any provision of Article 239AA or of all or any of the provisions of any law made in pursuance of that article for such period and subject to such conditions as maybe specified in such law and make such incidental and consequential provisions as may appear to him to be necessary or expedient for administering the National Capital Territory in accordance with the provisions of article 239 and article 239AA.</blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Puducherry">Puducherry</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=President%27s_rule&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Puducherry">edit</a>]</div> In the Union Territory of Puducherry, President's rule is applied on the basis of Article 51 of the Government of Union Territories Act, 1963.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> Which thus reads <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">51. -If the President, on receipt of a report from the Administrator of the Union territory or otherwise, is satisfied,― (a) that a situation has arisen in which the administration of the Union territory cannot be carried on in accordance with the provisions of this Act, or (b) that for the proper administration of the Union territory it is necessary or expedient so to do, the President may, by order, suspend the operation of all or any of the provisions of this Act for such period as he thinks fit and make such incidental and consequential provisions as may appear to him to be necessary or expedient for administering the Union territory in accordance with the provisions of article 239.</blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=President%27s_rule&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Criticism">edit</a>]</div> Article 356 gives wide powers to the Union government to assert its authority over a state if civil unrest occurs and the state government does not have the means to end it. Though the purpose of this article is to give more powers to the Union government to preserve the unity and integrity of the nation, it has often been misused by the ruling parties at the centre, who used it as a pretext to dissolve state governments ruled by political opponents.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> Thus, it is seen by many as a threat to the <a href="/wiki/Federation" title="Federation">federal</a> state system. Since the adoption of the Indian constitution in 1950, the Union government has used this 134 times to dissolve elected state governments by imposing President's rule.<a href="#cite_note-:6-1">[1]</a> The article was used for the first time in Punjab on 20 June 1951. It was also used in the state of Patiala and East Punjab States Union (PEPSU) and during the <a href="/wiki/Vimochana_samaram" class="mw-redirect" title="Vimochana samaram">Vimochana Samaram</a> to dismiss the democratically elected <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India" title="Communist Party of India">Communist</a> state government of <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a> on 31 July 1959. In the 1970s and 1980s, it was common for the Union government to dismiss state governments led by opposition parties.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a> regime and post-emergency <a href="/wiki/Janata_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Janata government">Janata Party</a> were noted for this practice. Indira Gandhi's government between 1966 and 1977 is known to have imposed President's rule 39 times in different states.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> Similarly, the Janata Party which came to power after the emergency issued President's rule in 9 states which were ruled by Congress.<a href="#cite_note-:2-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-8">[8]</a> The practice was limited only after the Supreme Court established strict guidelines for imposing President's rule in its ruling on the <a href="/wiki/S._R._Bommai_v._Union_of_India" title="S. R. Bommai v. Union of India">S. R. Bommai v. Union of India</a> case in 1994. This landmark judgement has helped curtail the widespread abuse of Article 356. The judgement established strict guidelines for imposing President's rule. Subsequent pronouncements by the Supreme Court in Jharkhand and other states have further limited the scope for misuse of Article 356. Only since the early 2000s has the number of cases of imposition of President's rule has been drastically reduced.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> Article 356 has always been the focal point of a wider debate of the <a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_India" title="Federalism in India">federal structure</a> of government in Indian polity.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Sarkaria_Commission" title="Sarkaria Commission">Sarkaria Commission</a> Report on Centre-State Relations 1983 has recommended that Article 356 must be used "very sparingly, in extreme cases, as a measure of last resort, when all the other alternatives fail to prevent or rectify a breakdown of Constitutional machinery in the state".<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> <a href="/wiki/B._R._Ambedkar" title="B. R. Ambedkar">B. R. Ambedkar</a> also said that it would be like a "dead letter" (i.e. would be used rarely).<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_instances">List of instances</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=President%27s_rule&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: List of instances">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  Denotes currently imposed President rule</div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th width="100">State </th> <th width="100">Term </th> <th width="100">Date of imposition </th> <th width="100">Date of revocation </th> <th width="100">Duration </th> <th>Reason(s) to impose the President's rule </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>18 January 1973 </td> <td>10 December 1973 </td> <td>327 days </td> <td>Breakdown of law & order due to <a href="/wiki/1972_Jai_Andhra_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="1972 Jai Andhra movement">Jai Andhra Agitation</a>, in CM <a href="/wiki/P._V._Narasimha_Rao" title="P. V. Narasimha Rao">P. V. Narasimha Rao</a>'s tenure.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>2 </td> <td>28 February 2014 </td> <td>8 June 2014 </td> <td>100 days </td> <td>Political impasse following the resignation of CM <a href="/wiki/Kiran_Kumar_Reddy" title="Kiran Kumar Reddy">Kiran Kumar Reddy</a> and several other congress party legislators from the Government as well as the Party, in protest against Indian Parliament passing <a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh_Reorganisation_Bill" class="mw-redirect" title="Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Bill">Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Bill</a> to bifurcate united Andhra Pradesh and create a separate <a href="/wiki/Telangana" title="Telangana">Telangana</a> state.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> President's rule revoked from Telangana areas on 2 June 2014 and bifurcated Andhra Pradesh areas on 8 June 2014.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> President rule reimposed unlawfully by the President after the two months time limit without taking approval of the Parliament under <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_India/Part_XVIII" class="extiw" title="s:Constitution of India/Part XVIII">Article 356</a>.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td><a href="/wiki/Andhra_State" title="Andhra State">Andhra State</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>15 November 1954 </td> <td>28 March 1955 </td> <td>133 days </td> <td>Loss of majority.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-19">[19]</a>: 127–133  </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh" title="Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal Pradesh</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>3 November 1979 </td> <td>18 January 1980 </td> <td>76 days </td> <td>Loss of majority following defections in a fluid political environment during Janata party rule at the centre.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>2 </td> <td>25 January 2016 </td> <td>19 February 2016 </td> <td>26 days </td> <td>21 Congress MLAs joined hands with 11 of the <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">BJP</a> and two Independents, making the contemporary government a minority.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> Supreme Court declared the imposition of president rule as <a href="/wiki/Ultra_vires" title="Ultra vires">ultra vires</a> and reinstated the dismissed Congress led government in the state. In a landmark judgement, it found fault with the unconstitutional role played by the Governor by interfering in the activities of legislatures and speaker of the Vidhan Shaba<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>12 December 1979 </td> <td>6 December 1980 </td> <td>360 days </td> <td>'<a href="/wiki/Assam_Movement" title="Assam Movement">Assam Agitation</a>' against illegal foreign nationals staying in Assam started to take roots under the leadership of the <a href="/wiki/All_Assam_Students%27_Union" title="All Assam Students' Union">All Assam Students' Union</a> (AASU). The violence fuelled by <a href="/wiki/United_Liberation_Front_of_Asom" title="United Liberation Front of Asom">United Liberation Front of Asom</a> (ULFA) resulted in breakdown of law and order.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>2 </td> <td>30 June 1981 </td> <td>13 January 1982 </td> <td>197 days </td> <td>Congress (I) government led by <a href="/wiki/Anwara_Taimur" title="Anwara Taimur">Anwara Taimur</a> representing immigrant minorities collapsed following intensification of 'Assam Agitation' against illegal foreign national staying in Assam.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>3 </td> <td>19 March 1982 </td> <td>27 February 1983 </td> <td>345 days </td> <td>Congress (I) government led by <a href="/wiki/Kesab_Chandra_Gogoi" title="Kesab Chandra Gogoi">Kesab Gogoi</a> representing ethnic Asom people collapsed following continued violence in Assam.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>4 </td> <td>28 November 1990 </td> <td>30 June 1991 </td> <td>214 days </td> <td>Government dismissed in spite of <a href="/wiki/Asom_Gana_Parishad" title="Asom Gana Parishad">AGP</a> CM <a href="/wiki/Prafulla_Kumar_Mahanta" title="Prafulla Kumar Mahanta">Prafulla Mahanta</a> enjoying majority support in Assembly. The dismissal was triggered apparently by the threat to internal security due to banned organisation ULFA's activities.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> During the president's rule, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Bajrang" title="Operation Bajrang">Operation Bajrang</a> was launched to flush out ULFA militants.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td rowspan="8"><a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>29 June 1968 </td> <td>26 February 1969 </td> <td>242 days </td> <td>Loss of majority following defections in a fluid political environment.<a href="#cite_note-:1-29">[29]</a>: 116–117 <a href="#cite_note-:0-19">[19]</a>: 300–301  </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>2 </td> <td>4 July 1969 </td> <td>16 February 1970 </td> <td>227 days </td> <td>Loss of majority following defections in a fluid political environment due to split in ruling Congress party<a href="#cite_note-:1-29">[29]</a>: 123–125 <a href="#cite_note-:0-19">[19]</a>: 321–326  </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>3 </td> <td>9 January 1972 </td> <td>19 March 1972 </td> <td>70 days </td> <td>Loss of majority following defections in a fluid political environment.<a href="#cite_note-:1-29">[29]</a>: 129–130  </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>4 </td> <td>30 April 1977 </td> <td>24 June 1977 </td> <td>55 days </td> <td>Government dismissed in spite of <a href="/wiki/Jagannath_Mishra" title="Jagannath Mishra">Jagannath Mishra</a> enjoying majority support in Assembly.<a href="#cite_note-:2-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-8">[8]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>5 </td> <td>17 February 1980 </td> <td>8 June 1980 </td> <td>112 days </td> <td>Government dismissed in spite of <a href="/wiki/Ram_Sundar_Das" title="Ram Sundar Das">Ram Sundar Das</a> enjoying majority support in Assembly.<a href="#cite_note-:4-30">[30]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>6 </td> <td>28 March 1995 </td> <td>4 April 1995 </td> <td>7 days </td> <td>President's rule imposed for a brief period of one week to facilitate passage of vote on account (to permit day-to-day government expenses in Bihar) by Parliament while awaiting the results of Assembly elections held during the Chief Ministership of <a href="/wiki/Lalu_Prasad_Yadav" title="Lalu Prasad Yadav">Lalu Prasad</a>.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>7 </td> <td>12 February 1999 </td> <td>8 March 1999 </td> <td>24 days </td> <td>Breakdown of law and order, killings of 11 Dalits at Narayanpur. The Vajpayee Government, revoked the president's rule within 26 days since the coalition did not have a majority in the Rajya Sabha.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>8 </td> <td>7 March 2005 </td> <td>24 November 2005 </td> <td>262 days </td> <td>Indecisive outcome of elections. In a landmark judgement, Supreme Court ruled that the imposition of the president's rule without giving the chance to the elected legislatures to form new government is unconstitutional and <a href="/wiki/Mala_fide" class="mw-redirect" title="Mala fide">mala fide</a> act by the president.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td><a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>16 February 2014 </td> <td>14 February 2015 </td> <td>363 days </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arvind_Kejriwal" title="Arvind Kejriwal">Arvind Kejriwal</a> resigned as Chief Minister after failing to table the <a href="/wiki/Jan_Lokpal_Bill" title="Jan Lokpal Bill">Jan Lokpal Bill</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Delhi_Legislative_Assembly" title="Delhi Legislative Assembly">Delhi Assembly</a>.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>14 December 1990 </td> <td>25 January 1991 </td> <td>42 days </td> <td>C.M. resigned consequent upon his disqualification by High Court – No other Government found viable.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>2 </td> <td>10 February 1999 </td> <td>9 June 1999 </td> <td>119 days </td> <td>Loss of majority and no alternate claimant to form next government.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>3 </td> <td>4 March 2005 </td> <td>7 June 2005 </td> <td>95 days </td> <td>Government dismissed after controversial confidence vote secured in the Assembly by CM <a href="/wiki/Pratapsingh_Rane" title="Pratapsingh Rane">Pratap Sinh Rane</a>.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Goa,_Daman_and_Diu" title="Goa, Daman and Diu">Goa, Daman and Diu</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>3 December 1966 </td> <td>5 April 1967 </td> <td>123 days </td> <td>The Union Territory of Goa's Assembly was dissolved to conduct an opinion poll to determine whether Goa should be merged with Maharashtra.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>2 </td> <td>27 April 1979 </td> <td>16 January 1980 </td> <td>264 days </td> <td>Loss of majority following split in the ruling <a href="/wiki/Maharashtrawadi_Gomantak_Party" title="Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party">MGP</a> Party.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>13 May 1971 </td> <td>17 March 1972 </td> <td>309 days </td> <td>Loss of majority following vertical split in Congress during <a href="/wiki/1969_Indian_presidential_election" title="1969 Indian presidential election">1969 presidential election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:1-29">[29]</a>: 138–140  </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>2 </td> <td>9 February 1974 </td> <td>18 June 1975 </td> <td>1 year, 129 days </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chimanbhai_Patel" title="Chimanbhai Patel">Chimanbhai Patel</a> led Congress government resigned due to <a href="/wiki/Navnirman_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Navnirman Movement">Navnirman Movement</a> Anti-Corruption protests. The protesters forced MLA's resignations, forcing dissolution of assembly.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>3 </td> <td>12 March 1976 </td> <td>24 December 1976 </td> <td>287 days </td> <td>"Non-Passage" of budget leading to collapse of government.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>4 </td> <td>17 February 1980 </td> <td>7 June 1980 </td> <td>111 days </td> <td>Government dismissed in spite of <a href="/wiki/Babubhai_J._Patel" title="Babubhai J. Patel">Babubhai J Patel</a> enjoying majority support in the Assembly<a href="#cite_note-:4-30">[30]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>5 </td> <td>19 September 1996 </td> <td>23 October 1996 </td> <td>34 days </td> <td>Government dismissed following a controversial confidence vote. The Assembly was placed in suspended animation, which led to subsequent installation of <a href="/wiki/Shankersinh_Vaghela" title="Shankersinh Vaghela">Vaghela</a> government, supported by Congress.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Haryana" title="Haryana">Haryana</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>21 November 1967 </td> <td>21 May 1968 </td> <td>182 days </td> <td>Government <a href="/wiki/Aaya_Ram_Gaya_Ram" title="Aaya Ram Gaya Ram">dismissed in spite of having a tenuous majority</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-19">[19]</a>: 153–155  </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>2 </td> <td>30 April 1977 </td> <td>21 June 1977 </td> <td>52 days </td> <td>Government dismissed in spite of <a href="/wiki/Banarsi_Das_Gupta" title="Banarsi Das Gupta">B D Gupta</a> enjoying majority support in Assembly.<a href="#cite_note-:2-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-8">[8]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>3 </td> <td>6 April 1991 </td> <td>23 June 1991 </td> <td>78 days </td> <td>Rebellion in the ruling party.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh" title="Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>30 April 1977 </td> <td>22 June 1977 </td> <td>53 days </td> <td>Government dismissed in spite of <a href="/wiki/Thakur_Ram_Lal" title="Thakur Ram Lal">Thakur Ram Lal</a> enjoying majority support in Assembly.<a href="#cite_note-:2-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-8">[8]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>2 </td> <td>15 December 1992 </td> <td>3 December 1993 </td> <td>353 days </td> <td>Government dismissed in the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/Demolition_of_the_Babri_Masjid" title="Demolition of the Babri Masjid">destruction of Babri Masjid-Ram Janmasthan</a> in Uttar Pradesh.<a href="#cite_note-:5-45">[45]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td rowspan="7"><a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (state)">Jammu and Kashmir</a> (State) </td> <td>1 </td> <td>27 March 1977 </td> <td>9 July 1977 </td> <td>104 days </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Abdullah" title="Sheikh Abdullah">Sheikh Abdullah</a> led <a href="/wiki/Jammu_%26_Kashmir_National_Conference" title="Jammu & Kashmir National Conference">National Conference</a> government bowed out after being reduced to a minority following withdrawal of support by the Congress Party.<a href="#cite_note-:1-29">[29]</a>: 431–432  </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>2 </td> <td>7 March 1986 </td> <td>6 November 1986 </td> <td>244 days </td> <td>Loss of majority.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>3 </td> <td>19 January 1990 </td> <td>9 October 1996 </td> <td>6 years, 264 days </td> <td>Increased <a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir">Militancy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Exodus_of_Kashmiri_Hindus" title="Exodus of Kashmiri Hindus">Exodus of Kashmiri Hindus</a> & breakdown of law & order<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>5 </td> <td>10 July 2008 </td> <td>5 January 2009 </td> <td>179 days </td> <td>Loss of majority following collapse of coalition. CM <a href="/wiki/Ghulam_Nabi_Azad" title="Ghulam Nabi Azad">Gulam Nabi Azad</a>'s decision to <a href="/wiki/Amarnath_land_transfer_controversy" title="Amarnath land transfer controversy">transfer land for Amarnath pilgrimage</a> led to <a href="/wiki/Peoples_Democratic_Party_(India)" title="Peoples Democratic Party (India)">PDP</a> pulling out of coalition Govt.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>6 </td> <td>9 January 2015 </td> <td>1 March 2015 </td> <td>51 days </td> <td>Failure of Government formation after fractured verdict in Assembly elections. BJP & PDP reached an understanding to form an alliance to form Government in J&K.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>7 </td> <td>8 January 2016 </td> <td>4 April 2016 </td> <td>87 days </td> <td>Death of chief minister <a href="/wiki/Mufti_Mohammad_Sayeed" title="Mufti Mohammad Sayeed">Mufti Mohammad Sayeed</a>.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>8 </td> <td>19 June 2018 </td> <td>30 October 2019 </td> <td>1 year, 133 days </td> <td>Resignation of the Chief Minister following loss of coalition partner.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> On 31 October 2019, Jammu and Kashmir state was split into two union territories, UT of Jammu and Kashmir and UT of Ladakh. </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td><a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(union_territory)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)">Jammu and Kashmir</a> (Union Territory) </td> <td>1 </td> <td>31 October 2019 </td> <td>13 October 2024 </td> <td>4 years, 348 days </td> <td>Imposed under section 73 of <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_Reorganisation_Act,_2019" title="Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019">Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019</a> (Article 356 does not apply to Union Territories) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Jharkhand" title="Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>19 January 2009 </td> <td>30 December 2009 </td> <td>345 days </td> <td>Political instability due to CM <a href="/wiki/Shibu_Soren" title="Shibu Soren">Shibu Soren</a>'s resignation following defeat in Tamar bypolls.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>2 </td> <td>1 June 2010 </td> <td>11 September 2010 </td> <td>102 days </td> <td>Loss of majority.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>3 </td> <td>18 January 2013 </td> <td>13 July 2013 </td> <td>176 days </td> <td>Loss of majority BJP's ruling coalition partner <a href="/wiki/Jharkhand_Mukti_Morcha" title="Jharkhand Mukti Morcha">JMM</a> withdrew its support to the government pushing it into a minority. Chief Minister <a href="/wiki/Arjun_Munda" title="Arjun Munda">Arjun Munda</a> resigned and sought dissolution of the state Assembly.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td rowspan="6" class="anchor" id="Karnataka"><a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>27 March 1971 </td> <td>20 March 1972 </td> <td>359 days </td> <td>Loss of majority.<a href="#cite_note-:0-19">[19]</a>: 392, 395–396  </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>2 </td> <td>31 December 1977 </td> <td>27 February 1978 </td> <td>58 days </td> <td>Government dismissed in spite of Congress CM <a href="/wiki/D._Devaraj_Urs" title="D. Devaraj Urs">Devraj Urs</a> enjoying majority support in Assembly.<a href="#cite_note-:0-19">[19]</a>: 221–225  </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>3 </td> <td>21 April 1989 </td> <td>30 November 1989 </td> <td>223 days </td> <td>Loss of majority of CM <a href="/wiki/S._R._Bommai" title="S. R. Bommai">S. R. Bommai</a>, followed by dissolution of Assembly.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> On an appeal by S. R. Bommai, in a landmark judgement delivered in 1994, the Indian Supreme Court laid out the procedure to be followed before dissolving an elected assembly. The historic ruling in this case reduced the scope for misuse of Article 356 by future central governments and governors. </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>4 </td> <td>10 October 1990 </td> <td>17 October 1990 </td> <td>7 days </td> <td>Government of <a href="/wiki/Veerendra_Patil" title="Veerendra Patil">Veerendra Patil</a> dismissed by Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv Gandhi</a> and state was placed under president's rule with the assembly placed in suspended animation until next chief Minister was elected.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>5 </td> <td>9 October 2007 </td> <td>12 November 2007 </td> <td>34 days </td> <td>Loss of majority.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>6 </td> <td>20 November 2007 </td> <td>30 May 2008 </td> <td>192 days </td> <td>Loss of majority.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>31 July 1959 </td> <td>22 February 1960 </td> <td>206 days </td> <td>Government dismissed in spite of Communist CM <a href="/wiki/E._M._S._Namboodiripad" title="E. M. S. Namboodiripad">EMS Namboodiripad</a> enjoying majority support in Assembly.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>2 </td> <td>10 September 1964 </td> <td>6 March 1967 </td> <td>2 years, 177 days </td> <td>Loss of majority followed by indecisive outcome of elections.<a href="#cite_note-:1-29">[29]</a>: 173–174 <a href="#cite_note-:0-19">[19]</a>: 214–215  </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>3 </td> <td>4 August 1970 </td> <td>3 October 1970 </td> <td>60 days </td> <td>Loss of majority.<a href="#cite_note-:1-29">[29]</a>: 194–195  </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>4 </td> <td>5 December 1979 </td> <td>25 January 1980 </td> <td>51 days </td> <td>Loss of majority.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>5 </td> <td>21 October 1981 </td> <td>28 December 1981 </td> <td>68 days </td> <td>Loss of majority due to withdrawal of support by <a href="/wiki/Congress_(Secular)" title="Congress (Secular)">Congress(S)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kerala_Congress_(M)" title="Kerala Congress (M)">Kerala Congress(M)</a>.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>6 </td> <td>17 March 1982 </td> <td>24 May 1982 </td> <td>68 days </td> <td>Loss of majority following defection of <a href="/wiki/Lonappan_Nambadan" title="Lonappan Nambadan">Lonappan Nambadan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>30 April 1977 </td> <td>23 June 1977 </td> <td>54 days </td> <td>Government dismissed in spite of <a href="/wiki/Shyama_Charan_Shukla" title="Shyama Charan Shukla">Shyama Charan Shukla</a> enjoying majority support in Assembly.<a href="#cite_note-:2-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-8">[8]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>2 </td> <td>17 February 1980 </td> <td>9 June 1980 </td> <td>113 days </td> <td>Government dismissed in spite of <a href="/wiki/Sunder_Lal_Patwa" title="Sunder Lal Patwa">Sundar Lal Patwa</a> enjoying majority support in Assembly.<a href="#cite_note-:4-30">[30]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>3 </td> <td>15 December 1992 </td> <td>7 December 1993 </td> <td>357 days </td> <td>Govt. dismissed in the aftermath of Babri Masjid-Ram Janmasthan destruction in Uttar Pradesh.<a href="#cite_note-:5-45">[45]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>17 February 1980 </td> <td>9 June 1980 </td> <td>113 days </td> <td>Govt. dismissed in spite of <a href="/wiki/Sharad_Pawar" title="Sharad Pawar">Sharad Pawar</a> enjoying majority support in the Assembly.<a href="#cite_note-:4-30">[30]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>2 </td> <td>28 September 2014 </td> <td>31 October 2014 </td> <td>33 days </td> <td>Govt. dismissed since Congress Separated from its allies <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Congress_Party" title="Nationalist Congress Party">NCP</a> and Others.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>3 </td> <td>12 November 2019 </td> <td>23 November 2019 </td> <td>11 days </td> <td>No party could form a government after a fractured election verdict and <a href="/wiki/Shiv_Sena_(1966%E2%80%932022)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shiv Sena (1966–2022)">Shiv Sena</a> broke the pre-poll alliance it had with the BJP.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> See also: <a href="/wiki/2019_Maharashtra_political_crisis" title="2019 Maharashtra political crisis">2019 Maharashtra political crisis</a>. </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td rowspan="9"><a href="/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur">Manipur</a> </td> <td>2 </td> <td>25 October 1967 </td> <td>19 February 1968 </td> <td>117 days </td> <td>Short lived ministry collapsed following resignation of speaker, resulting in neither ruling nor opposition congress having a clear majority in the assembly. Assembly kept in suspended animation.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>3 </td> <td>16 October 1969 </td> <td>20 March 1972 </td> <td>2 years, 156 days </td> <td>Violent secessionist insurgency and statehood demands resulted in breakdown of law and order.<a href="#cite_note-:1-29">[29]</a>: 206–207  </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>4 </td> <td>28 March 1973 </td> <td>4 March 1974 </td> <td>341 days </td> <td>President's rule was imposed even though the opposition had a "tenuous" majority and could have formed a government.<a href="#cite_note-:1-29">[29]</a>: 208–209  </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>5 </td> <td>16 May 1977 </td> <td>26 June 1977 </td> <td>41 days </td> <td>Collapse of Government following defections.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-29">[29]</a>: 213–214  </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>6 </td> <td>14 November 1979 </td> <td>13 January 1980 </td> <td>60 days </td> <td>Discontent within Janata Party Government and corruption charges led to dismissal of government and dissolution of Assembly.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>7 </td> <td>28 February 1981 </td> <td>19 June 1981 </td> <td>111 days </td> <td>Incumbent Government fell following defections. Governor did not permit an alternate government to be formed by People's Democratic Front on the basis of his assessment regarding stability of the proposed ministry.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>8 </td> <td>7 January 1992 </td> <td>8 April 1992 </td> <td>92 days </td> <td>Incumbent coalition Government fell following defections. president's rule imposed keeping assembly in suspension.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>9 </td> <td>31 December 1993 </td> <td>13 December 1994 </td> <td>347 days </td> <td>1000 persons died in <a href="/wiki/Kuki-Naga_conflict_in_Manipur" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuki-Naga conflict in Manipur">Naga-Kuki clashes</a> and continued violence.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>10 </td> <td>2 June 2001 </td> <td>5 March 2002 </td> <td>276 days </td> <td>Loss of majority.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya">Meghalaya</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>11 October 1991 </td> <td>5 February 1992 </td> <td>117 days </td> <td>The Centre imposed president's rule in Meghalaya in the wake of a political crisis after the then Speaker <a href="/wiki/Paty_Ripple_Kyndiah" title="Paty Ripple Kyndiah">PR Kyndiah</a> suspended five MLAs, mostly independents, on grounds of defection.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>2 </td> <td>19 March 2009 </td> <td>13 May 2009 </td> <td>56 days </td> <td>Government dismissed after controversial confidence vote secured in the Assembly by CM <a href="/wiki/Donkupar_Roy" title="Donkupar Roy">Donkupar Roy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Mizoram" title="Mizoram">Mizoram</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>11 May 1977 </td> <td>2 June 1978 </td> <td>1 year, 22 days </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mizo_Union" title="Mizo Union">Mizo Union</a> Ministry led by Chief Minister <a href="/wiki/C._Chhunga" title="C. Chhunga">Chhunga</a> resigned in May 1977, ostensibly to facilitate the progress of peace talks.<a href="#cite_note-sinha2007-79">[79]</a>: <span title="Page / location: 95
Quotation: "Mizo Union Ministry led by Chief Minister Chhunga resigned in May 1977, ostensibly to facilitate the progress of peace talks"" class="tooltip tooltip-dashed" style="border-bottom: 1px dashed;">95  </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>2 </td> <td>11 November 1978 </td> <td>8 May 1979 </td> <td>178 days </td> <td>Chief Minister <a href="/wiki/T._Sailo" title="T. Sailo">Sailo</a>'s refusal to grant undue favours caused dissension in his party which led to the fall of his government and imposition of president's rule.<a href="#cite_note-sinha2007-79">[79]</a>: <span title="Page / location: 96–97
Quotation: "Sailo's refusal to grant undue favours caused dissension in his party which led to the fall of his government and imposition of president's rule"" class="tooltip tooltip-dashed" style="border-bottom: 1px dashed;">96–97  </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>3 </td> <td>7 September 1988 </td> <td>24 January 1989 </td> <td>139 days </td> <td>Defections reduced the Government to minority.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Nagaland" title="Nagaland">Nagaland</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>22 March 1975 </td> <td>25 November 1977 </td> <td>2 years, 248 days </td> <td>Defections and counter defections led to imposition of president's rule.<a href="#cite_note-:1-29">[29]</a>: 230–231  </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>2 </td> <td>7 August 1988 </td> <td>25 January 1989 </td> <td>171 days </td> <td>The state was under a brief spell of central rule again after the <a href="/wiki/Hokishe_Sema" title="Hokishe Sema">Hokishe Sema</a>-led Congress government was reduced to a minority.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> The decision was challenged in the Supreme Court in held to be invalid in 1994. </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>3 </td> <td>2 April 1992 </td> <td>22 February 1993 </td> <td>326 days </td> <td>Fluid party position and deteriorating law and order situation.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>4 </td> <td>3 January 2008 </td> <td>12 March 2008 </td> <td>69 days </td> <td>Government dismissed after controversial confidence vote secured in the Assembly by CM <a href="/wiki/Neiphiu_Rio" title="Neiphiu Rio">Neiphiu Rio</a>.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha">Odisha</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>25 February 1961 </td> <td>23 June 1961 </td> <td>118 days </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harekrushna_Mahatab" title="Harekrushna Mahatab">Harekrishna Mahtab</a> led Congress-<a href="/wiki/All_India_Ganatantra_Parishad" title="All India Ganatantra Parishad">Gantantra Parishad</a> Minority Government resigned on 21 February 1961 due to differences in the Congress Party. President's rule was imposed on 25 February 1961.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>2 </td> <td>11 January 1971 </td> <td>3 April 1971 </td> <td>82 days </td> <td>Break-up of coalition.<a href="#cite_note-:1-29">[29]</a>: 239–244  </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>3 </td> <td>3 March 1973 </td> <td>6 March 1974 </td> <td>1 year, 3 days </td> <td>Facing imminent collapse of government, incumbent chief minister recommended dissolution of assembly and fresh elections.<a href="#cite_note-:1-29">[29]</a>: 245–247  </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>4 </td> <td>16 December 1976 </td> <td>29 December 1976 </td> <td>13 days </td> <td>Chief Minister <a href="/wiki/Nandini_Satpathy" title="Nandini Satpathy">Nandini Satpathy</a> was forced out and assembly placed under suspended animation. A new Congress government was sworn in after revocation of president's rule.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>5 </td> <td>30 April 1977 </td> <td>26 June 1977 </td> <td>57 days </td> <td>Government dismissed in spite of <a href="/wiki/Binayak_Acharya" title="Binayak Acharya">Binayak Acharya</a> enjoying majority support in Assembly.<a href="#cite_note-:2-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-8">[8]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>6 </td> <td>17 February 1980 </td> <td>9 June 1980 </td> <td>113 days </td> <td>Government dismissed in spite of <a href="/wiki/Nilamani_Routray" title="Nilamani Routray">Nilamani Routray</a> enjoying majority support in Assembly.<a href="#cite_note-:4-30">[30]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td><a href="/wiki/Patiala_and_East_Punjab_States_Union" title="Patiala and East Punjab States Union">Patiala and East Punjab States Union</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>4 March 1953 </td> <td>7 March 1954 </td> <td>1 year, 3 days </td> <td>President's rule was invoked in the erstwhile PEPSU (<a href="/wiki/Patiala_and_East_Punjab_States_Union" title="Patiala and East Punjab States Union">Patiala and East Punjab States Union</a> ) State when the <a href="/wiki/Shiromani_Akali_Dal" title="Shiromani Akali Dal">Akali Dal</a> government, led by <a href="/wiki/Gian_Singh_Rarewala" title="Gian Singh Rarewala">Gian Singh Rarewala</a>, was dismissed.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td rowspan="7"><a href="/wiki/Puducherry_(union_territory)" title="Puducherry (union territory)">Puducherry</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>18 September 1968 </td> <td>17 March 1969 </td> <td>180 days </td> <td>Assembly was dissolved and president's rule imposed as opposition parties had a chance to form a government after the fall of the Congress government.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-29">[29]</a>: 269–270  </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>2 </td> <td>3 January 1974 </td> <td>6 March 1974 </td> <td>62 days </td> <td>Assembly dissolved after fall of <a href="/wiki/Dravida_Munnetra_Kazhagam" title="Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam">DMK</a> government following decision of two ministers to join newly formed <a href="/wiki/All_India_Anna_Dravida_Munnetra_Kazhagam" title="All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam">AIADMK</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:1-29">[29]</a>: 271–272  </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>3 </td> <td>28 March 1974 </td> <td>2 July 1977 </td> <td>3 years, 96 days </td> <td>Fall of coalition government of AIADMK, <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress_(Organisation)" title="Indian National Congress (Organisation)">Congress(O)</a> following division of votes by <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress_(R)" title="Indian National Congress (R)">Congress(R)</a> and DMK. The Assembly was dissolved.<a href="#cite_note-:1-29">[29]</a>: 272–274  </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>4 </td> <td>12 November 1978 </td> <td>16 January 1980 </td> <td>1 year, 65 days </td> <td>Fall of government due to political instability.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>5 </td> <td>24 June 1983 </td> <td>16 March 1985 </td> <td>1 year, 265 days </td> <td>Government dismissed following withdrawal of Congress(I) from coalition government. In spite of incumbent chief minister asking for an opportunity to prove his majority on the floor of the house, the assembly was dissolved.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>6 </td> <td>12 January 1991 </td> <td>4 July 1991 </td> <td>173 days </td> <td>DMK Government dismissed in spite of having a majority in the Assembly.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>7 </td> <td>25 February 2021 </td> <td>7 May 2021 </td> <td>71 days </td> <td>Congress Government resigned due to loss of majority and no alternate claimant to form next government.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td rowspan="8"><a href="/wiki/Punjab,_India" title="Punjab, India">Punjab</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>20 June 1951 </td> <td>17 April 1952 </td> <td>302 days </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Pandit Nehru</a> kept the <a href="/wiki/Punjab_Legislative_Assembly" title="Punjab Legislative Assembly">Punjab Assembly</a> in suspension for nine months and 28 days to help the state Congress government get its act together.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>2 </td> <td>5 July 1966 </td> <td>1 November 1966 </td> <td>119 days </td> <td>State administration was taken over, ostensibly to facilitate bifurcation of Punjab state into two, Punjab and Haryana.<a href="#cite_note-:1-29">[29]</a>: 282–283  </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>3 </td> <td>23 August 1968 </td> <td>17 February 1969 </td> <td>178 days </td> <td>Break-up of coalition.<a href="#cite_note-:1-29">[29]</a>: 286–287  </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>4 </td> <td>15 June 1971 </td> <td>17 March 1972 </td> <td>276 days </td> <td>Following poor performance in March, <a href="/wiki/1971_Indian_general_election" title="1971 Indian general election">1971 Lok Sabha Elections</a>, incumbent Chief Minister advised dissolving state assembly and holding fresh elections to state legislature.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>5 </td> <td>30 April 1977 </td> <td>20 June 1977 </td> <td>51 days </td> <td>Government dismissed in spite of Giani <a href="/wiki/Zail_Singh" title="Zail Singh">Zail Singh</a> enjoying majority support in Assembly.<a href="#cite_note-:2-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-8">[8]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>6 </td> <td>17 February 1980 </td> <td>7 June 1980 </td> <td>111 days </td> <td>Government dismissed in spite of <a href="/wiki/Parkash_Singh_Badal" title="Parkash Singh Badal">Parkash Singh Badal</a> enjoying majority support in Assembly.<a href="#cite_note-:4-30">[30]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>7 </td> <td>6 October 1983 </td> <td>29 September 1985 </td> <td>1 year, 358 days </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Punjab" class="mw-redirect" title="Insurgency in Punjab">Insurgency</a> and breakdown of law and order.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>8 </td> <td>11 May 1987 </td> <td>23 February 1992 </td> <td>4 years, 288 days </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Punjab" class="mw-redirect" title="Insurgency in Punjab">Insurgency</a> and breakdown of law and order.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>13 March 1967 </td> <td>26 April 1967 </td> <td>44 days </td> <td>Indecisive outcome of elections.<a href="#cite_note-:0-19">[19]</a>: 281, 285–287  </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>2 </td> <td>30 April 1977 </td> <td>22 June 1977 </td> <td>53 days </td> <td>Government dismissed in spite of <a href="/wiki/Hari_Dev_Joshi" title="Hari Dev Joshi">Hari Dev Joshi</a> enjoying majority support in Assembly.<a href="#cite_note-:2-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-8">[8]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>3 </td> <td>17 February 1980 </td> <td>5 June 1980 </td> <td>109 days </td> <td>Government dismissed in spite of <a href="/wiki/Bhairon_Singh_Shekhawat" title="Bhairon Singh Shekhawat">Bhairon Singh Shekhawat</a> enjoying majority support in Assembly.<a href="#cite_note-:4-30">[30]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>4 </td> <td>15 December 1992 </td> <td>4 December 1993 </td> <td>354 days </td> <td>Government dismissed in spite of Bhairon Singh Shekhawat enjoying majority support in Assembly.<a href="#cite_note-:5-45">[45]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim">Sikkim</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>18 August 1978 </td> <td>17 October 1979 </td> <td>1 year, 60 days </td> <td>Loss of majority following split in <a href="/wiki/Kazi_Lhendup_Dorjee" title="Kazi Lhendup Dorjee">Kazi Lhendup Dorji</a> led Janata Party government. The central government imposed president's rule and followed up with electoral reforms before ordering fresh elections.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>2 </td> <td>25 May 1984 </td> <td>8 March 1985 </td> <td>287 days </td> <td>Congress Government formed following induced collapse of <a href="/wiki/Nar_Bahadur_Bhandari" title="Nar Bahadur Bhandari">Nar Bahadur Bhandari</a> <a href="/wiki/Sikkim_Janata_Parishad" title="Sikkim Janata Parishad">Sikkim Janata Parishad</a> Government was dismissed as it did not enjoy a majority in the Assembly.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>31 January 1976 </td> <td>30 June 1977 </td> <td>1 year, 150 days </td> <td>The government headed by former chief minister <a href="/wiki/M._Karunanidhi" title="M. Karunanidhi">M. Karunanidhi</a> was dismissed by former prime minister <a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a> in spite enjoying majority in the legislative assembly, due to charges of corruption while the <a href="/wiki/Sarkaria_Commission" title="Sarkaria Commission">Sarkaria Commission</a> was set up to probe the allegations.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>2 </td> <td>17 February 1980 </td> <td>9 June 1980 </td> <td>113 days </td> <td>The government headed by former chief minister <a href="/wiki/M._G._Ramachandran" title="M. G. Ramachandran">M. G. Ramachandran</a> was dismissed by former prime minister <a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a> in spite enjoying majority in the legislative assembly.<a href="#cite_note-:4-30">[30]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>3 </td> <td>30 January 1988 </td> <td>27 January 1989 </td> <td>363 days </td> <td>The government headed by former chief minister <a href="/wiki/V._N._Janaki" title="V. N. Janaki">V. N. Janaki Ramachandran</a> was dismissed by former prime minister Rajiv Gandhi after controversial confidence vote secured by her in the legislative assembly.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>4 </td> <td>30 January 1991 </td> <td>24 June 1991 </td> <td>145 days </td> <td>The government headed by former chief minister <a href="/wiki/M._Karunanidhi" title="M. Karunanidhi">M. Karunanidhi</a> was dismissed by former prime minister <a href="/wiki/Chandra_Shekhar" title="Chandra Shekhar">Chandra Shekhar</a> on charges of supporting anti-national activities, in spite of the governor <a href="/wiki/Surjit_Singh_Barnala" title="Surjit Singh Barnala">Surjit Singh Barnala</a>'s report and enjoying majority in the legislative assembly.<a href="#cite_note-Congress_had_no_role_in_dismissing_DMK_govt_in_1991-104">[104]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td><a href="/wiki/Travancore-Cochin" class="mw-redirect" title="Travancore-Cochin">Travancore-Cochin</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>23 March 1956 </td> <td>5 April 1957 </td> <td>1 year, 13 days </td> <td>Loss of majority following split in Congress Party.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a>: 33–35  </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Tripura" title="Tripura">Tripura</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 November 1971 </td> <td>20 March 1972 </td> <td>140 days </td> <td>In the backdrop of refugee influx due to <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Liberation_War" title="Bangladesh Liberation War">Bangladesh Liberation War</a>, split in the Congress and Communist agitation for Tripura to become a full-fledged state, president's rule was imposed. On 1 January 1972 Tripura became a State and assembly elections held subsequently.<a href="#cite_note-:1-29">[29]</a>: 320  </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>2 </td> <td>5 November 1977 </td> <td>4 January 1978 </td> <td>60 days </td> <td>Collapse of short lived government in a fluid political environment.<a href="#cite_note-:1-29">[29]</a>: 322  </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>3 </td> <td>11 March 1993 </td> <td>10 April 1993 </td> <td>30 days </td> <td>Elections postponed from 15 February 1993 to 3 April 1993 on account of deteriorating law and order situation. Caretaker CM resigns.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td rowspan="9"><a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>25 February 1968 </td> <td>26 February 1969 </td> <td>1 year, 1 day </td> <td>Loss of majority following withdrawal of support by Congress (R) led by Indira Gandhi.<a href="#cite_note-:1-29">[29]</a>: 326–327  </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>2 </td> <td>1 October 1970 </td> <td>18 October 1970 </td> <td>17 days </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Charan_Singh" title="Charan Singh">Charan Singh</a> Ministry supported by Congress collapsed following split in Congress party.<a href="#cite_note-:1-29">[29]</a>: 338–341  </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>3 </td> <td>13 June 1973 </td> <td>8 November 1973 </td> <td>148 days </td> <td>Chief Minister resigned as a result of the <a href="/wiki/1973_Provincial_Armed_Constabulary_revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="1973 Provincial Armed Constabulary revolt">1973 Provincial Armed Constabulary revolt</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:1-29">[29]</a>: 44–45  </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>4 </td> <td>30 November 1975 </td> <td>21 January 1976 </td> <td>52 days </td> <td>Congress Government of <a href="/wiki/Hemwati_Nandan_Bahuguna" title="Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna">H N Bahuguna</a> tendered resignation due to infighting within the party.<a href="#cite_note-:1-29">[29]</a>: 369–370  </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>5 </td> <td>30 April 1977 </td> <td>23 June 1977 </td> <td>54 days </td> <td>Government dismissed in spite of <a href="/wiki/N._D._Tiwari" title="N. D. Tiwari">N D Tiwari</a> enjoying majority support in Assembly.<a href="#cite_note-:2-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-8">[8]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>6 </td> <td>17 February 1980 </td> <td>9 June 1980 </td> <td>113 days </td> <td>Government dismissed in spite of <a href="/wiki/Banarasi_Das" title="Banarasi Das">Banarasi Das</a> enjoying majority support in Assembly.<a href="#cite_note-:4-30">[30]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>7 </td> <td>6 December 1992 </td> <td>4 December 1993 </td> <td>363 days </td> <td>Government dismissed in the aftermath of the destruction of Babri Masjid-Ram Janmasthan.<a href="#cite_note-:5-45">[45]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>8 </td> <td>18 October 1995 </td> <td>21 March 1997 </td> <td>1 year, 154 days </td> <td>Loss of majority following collapse of coalition followed by indecisive outcome of fresh elections.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>9 </td> <td>8 March 2002 </td> <td>3 May 2002 </td> <td>56 days </td> <td>Indecisive outcome of elections.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand" title="Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>27 March 2016 </td> <td>21 April 2016 </td> <td>25 days </td> <td>Collapse of CM <a href="/wiki/Harish_Rawat" title="Harish Rawat">Harish Rawat</a>'s ministry following a split in the state unit of Congress party. In the hearing of related case, <a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand_High_Court" title="Uttarakhand High Court">Uttarakhand High Court</a> declared the president's rule imposition by the President unconstitutional and restored the Harish Rawat's led government in the state.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>2 </td> <td>22 April 2016 </td> <td>11 May 2016 </td> <td>19 days </td> <td>Supreme Court of India held the stay on Uttarakhand High Court's verdict thus reinstating the president's rule in the state.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a> </td> <td>2 </td> <td>20 February 1968 </td> <td>25 February 1969 </td> <td>1 year, 5 days </td> <td>State placed under president's rule following collapse of two successive short lived coalition governments.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>3 </td> <td>19 March 1970 </td> <td>2 April 1971 </td> <td>1 year, 14 days </td> <td>Collapse of <a href="/wiki/United_Front_(West_Bengal)" title="United Front (West Bengal)">United Front</a> Coalition between <a href="/wiki/Bangla_Congress" title="Bangla Congress">Bangla Congress</a> and <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India_(Marxist)" title="Communist Party of India (Marxist)">CPI(M)</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-19">[19]</a>: 336–340  </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>4 </td> <td>29 June 1971 </td> <td>20 March 1972 </td> <td>265 days </td> <td>Collapse of Democratic Coalition following split in Bangla Congress.<a href="#cite_note-:1-29">[29]</a>: 408–411 <a href="#cite_note-:0-19">[19]</a>: 401–403  </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>5 </td> <td>30 April 1977 </td> <td>21 June 1977 </td> <td>52 days </td> <td>Government dismissed in spite of <a href="/wiki/Siddhartha_Shankar_Ray" title="Siddhartha Shankar Ray">Siddhartha Shankar Ray</a> enjoying majority support in Assembly.<a href="#cite_note-:2-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-8">[8]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=President%27s_rule&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Article_370_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Article 370 of the Constitution of India">Article 370 of the Constitution of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_rule" title="Direct rule">Direct rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_intervention" title="Federal intervention">Federal intervention</a> (A similar procedure used in <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_India" title="Federalism in India">Federalism in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Part_Eighteen_of_the_Constitution_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Part Eighteen of the Constitution of India">Part Eighteen of the Constitution of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarkaria_Commission" title="Sarkaria Commission">Sarkaria Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_governments_of_India" title="State governments of India">State governments of India</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=President%27s_rule&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:6-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_1-1">b</a> Das, Anjishnu (29 August 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/13-years-in-jk-10-times-in-manipur-up-history-of-presidents-rule-8912688/">"13 years in J&K, 10 times in Manipur, UP: History of President's Rule"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240502122614/https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/13-years-in-jk-10-times-in-manipur-up-history-of-presidents-rule-8912688/">Archived</a> 2 May 2024 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Indian_Express" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Express">Indian Express</a>. Retrieved 2 May 2024. </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMinistry_of_Law_and_Justice1963" class="citation book cs1">Ministry of Law and Justice, Legislative Department (1963). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/A1963-20.pdf">Government of Union Territories Act, 1963</a> (PDF). 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Retrieved 2 May 2024 </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> Sengupta, Uttam (15 December 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/19901215-assam-crisis-puts-government-in-catch-22-situation-813400-1990-12-14">"Assam crisis puts government in catch-22 situation"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240503084742/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/19901215-assam-crisis-puts-government-in-catch-22-situation-813400-1990-12-14">Archived</a> 3 May 2024 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/India_Today" title="India Today">India Today</a>. 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(1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://14.139.58.199:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/317">Politics of President's Rule in India</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240613063656/http://14.139.58.199:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/317">Archived</a> 13 June 2024 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rashtrapati_Niwas" title="Rashtrapati Niwas">Rashtrapati Niwas, Simla</a>: <a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Advanced_Study" title="Indian Institute of Advanced Study">Indian Institute of Advanced Study</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/title/7583232">7583232</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240503184948/https://search.worldcat.org/title/7583232">Archived</a> 3 May 2024 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. 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(May 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2644978">"Goa's Attainment of Statehood"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240502122616/https://www.jstor.org/stable/2644978">Archived</a> 2 May 2024 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Asian_Survey" title="Asian Survey">Asian Survey</a>. 32 (5): 476–477. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2644978">2644978</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240502122616/https://www.jstor.org/stable/2644978">Archived</a> 2 May 2024 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. 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Retrieved 5 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.merinews.com&rft.atitle=Meghalaya+clamped+under+President%27s+Rule&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merinews.com%2Farticle%2Fmeghalaya-clamped-under-presidents-rule%2F15752671.shtml%23sthash.lD2Rcimi.dpuf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident%27s+rule" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> Majumdar, Sarbari (15 November 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19911115-biased-rulings-spark-trouble-in-meghalaya-815090-1991-11-14">"Biased rulings spark trouble in Meghalaya"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240925223204/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19911115-biased-rulings-spark-trouble-in-meghalaya-815090-1991-11-14">Archived</a> 25 September 2024 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/India_Today" title="India Today">India Today</a>. 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(30 April 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19920430-nagaland-manipur-turn-political-hot-spots-766206-2013-06-18">"Nagaland, Manipur turn political hot spots"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240503085736/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19920430-nagaland-manipur-turn-political-hot-spots-766206-2013-06-18">Archived</a> 3 May 2024 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/India_Today" title="India Today">India Today</a>. 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Retrieved 2 May 2024. </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> Sethy, Rabindra Kumar (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-2kJusgGxiQC&pg=PA134">Political Crisis and President's Rule in an Indian State.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240613064736/https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Political_Crisis_and_President_s_Rule_in/-2kJusgGxiQC?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA134&printsec=frontcover">Archived</a> 13 June 2024 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> New Delhi: A. P. H. Publishing Company. pp. 134–135. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7648-463-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7648-463-3">978-81-7648-463-3</a> Retrieved 2 May 2024. </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19770115-orissa-chief-minister-nandini-satpathy-resigns-823541-2014-07-10">"Orissa Chief Minister Nandini Satpathy resigns"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240502224617/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19770115-orissa-chief-minister-nandini-satpathy-resigns-823541-2014-07-10">Archived</a> 2 May 2024 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/India_Today" title="India Today">India Today</a>. 15 January 1977. Retrieved 2 May 2024. </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=HcY-AAAAIBAJ&sjid=gEwMAAAAIBAJ&pg=2413%2C278840">"President's Rule for PEPSU"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240502122615/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=HcY-AAAAIBAJ&sjid=gEwMAAAAIBAJ&pg=2413,278840">Archived</a> 2 May 2024 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Indian_Express" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Express">Indian Express</a>. 6 March 1953. p. 1. 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Retrieved 2 May 2024. </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19680919&printsec=frontpage&hl=en">"President takes over in Pondy"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240503084728/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19680919&printsec=frontpage&hl=en">Archived</a> 3 May 2024 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Indian_Express" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Express">Indian Express</a>. 19 September 1968. p. 1. 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"The Dismissal of the Ministry". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8UQpnoasCDYC&pg=PA136">Governor's Role in the Indian Constitution</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240613064707/https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Governor_s_Role_in_the_Indian_Constituti/8UQpnoasCDYC?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA136&printsec=frontcover">Archived</a> 13 June 2024 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. New Delhi: Mittal Publications. p. 136. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7099-325-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7099-325-4">978-81-7099-325-4</a>. Retrieved 2 May 2024. </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> Badhwar, Inderjit; Chawla, Prabhu (15 March 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/special-report/story/19910315-president-r-venkataraman-faces-criticism-for-playing-partisan-politics-814152-1991-03-14">"President R. Venkataraman faces criticism for playing partisan politics"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240613064655/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/special-report/story/19910315-president-r-venkataraman-faces-criticism-for-playing-partisan-politics-814152-1991-03-14">Archived</a> 13 June 2024 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/India_Today" title="India Today">India Today</a>. 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In <a href="/wiki/Myron_Weiner" title="Myron Weiner">Weiner, Myron</a> (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.131635/page/n467/mode/2up?view=theater">State Politics in India</a>. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. pp. 463–467. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/title/501863">501863</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240613064656/https://search.worldcat.org/title/501863">Archived</a> 13 June 2024 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved 2 May 2024. </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> Arora, Subhash Chander (1990). "Governor's Whim Prevails- 1971". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=41HYYdO21KQC&pg=PA180">President's Rule in Indian States: A Study of Punjab</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240502175312/https://books.google.dj/books?id=41HYYdO21KQC&lpg=PA201&pg=PA180#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> 2 May 2024 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (1st ed.). Delhi: Mittal Publications. pp. 180–200. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7099-234-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7099-234-9">978-81-7099-234-9</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Shekhar_Gupta" title="Shekhar Gupta">Gupta, Shekhar</a>; Thukral, Gobind (31 October 1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/19831031-punjab-crisis-takes-dramatic-turn-darbara-singh-govt-dismissed-presidents-rule-imposed-771128-2013-07-17">"Punjab crisis takes dramatic turn, Darbara Singh govt dismissed, President's Rule imposed"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240502180204/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/19831031-punjab-crisis-takes-dramatic-turn-darbara-singh-govt-dismissed-presidents-rule-imposed-771128-2013-07-17">Archived</a> 2 May 2024 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/India_Today" title="India Today">India Today</a>. 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(February 1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2644297">"India in 1984: Confrontation, Assassination, and Succession"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240423073715/https://www.jstor.org/stable/2644297">Archived</a> 23 April 2024 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Asian_Survey" title="Asian Survey">Asian Survey</a>. 25 (2): 135. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2644297">2644297</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240423073715/https://www.jstor.org/stable/2644297">Archived</a> 23 April 2024 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. 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Retrieved 2 May 2024. </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19880131&printsec=frontpage&hl=en">"TN Assembly dissolved: elections soon"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240502175316/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19880131&printsec=frontpage&hl=en">Archived</a> 2 May 2024 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Indian_Express" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Express">Indian Express</a>. 31 January 1988. p. 1. 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Retrieved 15 July 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lessons+from+Uttarakhand+and+Arunachal%3A+What+court+orders+on+Central+rule+say&rft.date=2016-07-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Fexplained%2Farunachal-pradesh-verdict-nabam-tuki-harish-rawat-uttarakhand-president-rule-supreme-court-modi-government-2914435%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident%27s+rule" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> Sinha, Bhadra (23 April 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/sc-stays-uttarakhand-hc-order-which-set-aside-president-s-rule-in-state/story-eDJgkrLFdzLa5GBVeeeczK.html">"SC stays Uttarakhand HC order which set aside President's Rule in state"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240502224609/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/sc-stays-uttarakhand-hc-order-which-set-aside-president-s-rule-in-state/story-eDJgkrLFdzLa5GBVeeeczK.html">Archived</a> 2 May 2024 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hindustan_Times" title="Hindustan Times">Hindustan Times</a>. Retrieved 2 May 2024. </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> Pandey, Sidharth (15 May 2016). Singh, Veer Arjun (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/uttarakhand-result-today-amid-early-celebrations-in-congress-1405033">"President's Rule Lifted From Uttarakhand, Congress Back In Power: 10 Points"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240613065340/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/uttarakhand-result-today-amid-early-celebrations-in-congress-1405033">Archived</a> 13 June 2024 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/NDTV" title="NDTV">NDTV</a>. Retrieved 2 May 2024. </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19680221&printsec=frontpage&hl=en">"President takes over West Bengal"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240502122633/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19680221&printsec=frontpage&hl=en">Archived</a> 2 May 2024 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Indian_Express" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Express">Indian Express</a>. 21 February 1968. p. 1. Retrieved 2 May 2024. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=President%27s_rule&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_India_(2020)/Part_XVIII" class="extiw" title="s:Constitution of India (2020)/Part XVIII">Article 355 and 356 text from wikisource</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ejcl.org/81/abs81-4.html">Discusses the instances where presidents rule has been invoked</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/761237/1/Presidents_Rule_in_St_UT_Eng_9th_ed_2016.pdf">Lok Sabha Secretariat's report on President's Rule</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=President%27s_rule&oldid=1256890177">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=President%27s_rule&oldid=1256890177</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_the_Republic_of_India" title="Category:History of the Republic of India">History of the Republic of India</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Politics_of_India" title="Category:Politics of India">Politics of India</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Parts_and_articles_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Category:Parts and articles of the Constitution of India">Parts and articles of the Constitution of India</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Federalism_in_India" title="Category:Federalism in India">Federalism in India</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_June_2023" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from June 2023">Articles needing additional references from June 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_Indian_English_from_November_2015" title="Category:Use Indian English from November 2015">Use Indian English from November 2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_Indian_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English">All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_November_2020" title="Category:Use dmy dates from November 2020">Use dmy dates from November 2020</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 12 November 2024, at 02:09 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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