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href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-現代的定義" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#現代的定義"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>現代的定義</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-現代的定義-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-历史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#历史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>历史</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-历史-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关历史子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-历史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-古代" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#古代"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>古代</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-古代-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-平板书" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#平板书"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>平板书</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-平板书-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-卷軸" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#卷軸"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>卷軸</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-卷軸-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-後來的書" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#後來的書"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>後來的書</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-後來的書-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-現代的製作" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#現代的製作"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>現代的製作</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-現代的製作-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关現代的製作子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-現代的製作-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-現在的製作流程" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#現在的製作流程"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>現在的製作流程</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-現在的製作流程-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-尺寸" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#尺寸"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>尺寸</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-尺寸-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-結構" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#結構"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>結構</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-結構-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-識別及分類" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#識別及分類"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>識別及分類</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-識別及分類-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-用途" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#用途"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>用途</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-用途-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-种类" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#种类"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>种类</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-种类-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关种类子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-种类-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-按內容分" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#按內容分"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>按內容分</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-按內容分-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-按裝訂形式分" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#按裝訂形式分"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>按裝訂形式分</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-按裝訂形式分-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">图书</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。203种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-203" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">203种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boek" title="Boek – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Boek" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buch" title="Buch – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Buch" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%98%E1%8C%BD%E1%88%90%E1%8D%8D" title="መጽሐፍ – 阿姆哈拉语" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="መጽሐፍ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codad" title="Codad – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Codad" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libro" title="Libro – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Libro" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="كتاب – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كتاب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%9F%DC%AC%DC%92%DC%90_(%DC%A3%DC%A6%DC%AA%DC%90)" title="ܟܬܒܐ (ܣܦܪܐ) – 阿拉米语" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܟܬܒܐ (ܣܦܪܐ)" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="阿拉米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="كتاب – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كتاب" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA" title="কিতাপ – 阿萨姆语" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="কিতাপ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿萨姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llibru" title="Llibru – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Llibru" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masinahikan" title="Masinahikan – 阿提卡米克语" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Masinahikan" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="阿提卡米克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panka" title="Panka – 艾马拉语" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Panka" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="艾马拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitab" title="Kitab – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kitab" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="کیتاب – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کیتاب" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF" title="Китап – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Китап" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buach" title="Buach – 巴伐利亞文" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Buach" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="巴伐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kninga" title="Kninga – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Kninga" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libro" title="Libro – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Libro" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bdr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bdr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buk" title="Buk – West Coast Bajau" lang="bdr" hreflang="bdr" data-title="Buk" data-language-autonym="Bajau Sama" data-language-local-name="West Coast Bajau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bajau Sama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Кніга – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кніга" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Кніга – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кніга" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Книга – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Книга" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC" title="किताब – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="किताब" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buku" title="Buku – 班亞爾文" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Buku" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="班亞爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaf%C9%9B" title="Gafɛ – 班巴拉语" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Gafɛ" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="班巴拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%87" title="বই – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বই" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levr" title="Levr – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Levr" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knjiga" title="Knjiga – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Knjiga" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%BC_(%D0%B1%D1%8D%D1%88%D1%8D%D0%B3)" title="Ном (бэшэг) – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Ном (бэшэг)" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llibre" title="Llibre – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llibre" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%B9%B3%CC%86" title="Cṳ̆ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Cṳ̆" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Жайна – 车臣语" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Жайна" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="车臣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%AA%E1%8F%AA%E1%8E%B5" title="ᎪᏪᎵ – 切罗基语" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎪᏪᎵ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="切罗基语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%AA%DB%8E%D8%A8" title="کتێب – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کتێب" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitap" title="Kitap – 克里米亚鞑靼语" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Kitap" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="克里米亚鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kniha" title="Kniha – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kniha" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%C4%95%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Кĕнеке – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Кĕнеке" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llyfr" title="Llyfr – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Llyfr" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bog" title="Bog – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bog" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buku" title="Buku – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Buku" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buch" title="Buch – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Buch" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%B1tab" title="Kıtab – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Kıtab" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%CC%A0uuk" title="B̠uuk – 中部杜順文" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="B̠uuk" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="中部杜順文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95" title="पुस्तक – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="पुस्तक" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B9%CE%B2%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%BF" title="Βιβλίο – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βιβλίο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book" title="Book – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Book" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libro" title="Libro – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Libro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libro" title="Libro – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Libro" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raamat" title="Raamat – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Raamat" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liburu" title="Liburu – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Liburu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libru" title="Libru – 埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Libru" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="کتاب – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کتاب" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirja" title="Kirja – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kirja" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivola" title="Ivola – 斐济语" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Ivola" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="斐济语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livre_(document)" title="Livre (document) – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Livre (document)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9vro" title="Lévro – 法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Lévro" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buk" title="Buk – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Buk" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boek" title="Boek – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Boek" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leabhar" title="Leabhar – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Leabhar" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9B%B8" title="書 – 赣语" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="書" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="赣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liv_(dokouman)" title="Liv (dokouman) – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Liv (dokouman)" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leabhar" title="Leabhar – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Leabhar" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libro" title="Libro – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Libro" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aranduka" title="Aranduka – 瓜拉尼语" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Aranduka" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B1%F0%90%8D%89%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8D%89%F0%90%8D%83" title="𐌱𐍉𐌺𐍉𐍃 – 哥特语" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌱𐍉𐌺𐍉𐍃" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="哥特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karalo%27uta" title="Karalo'uta – 瓦尤文" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Karalo'uta" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="瓦尤文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lioar" title="Lioar – 马恩语" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Lioar" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="马恩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littafi" title="Littafi – 豪萨语" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Littafi" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="豪萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BB" title="Sû – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Sû" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8" title="ספר – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ספר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95" title="पुस्तक – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पुस्तक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitaab" title="Kitaab – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Kitaab" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knjiga" title="Knjiga – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Knjiga" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liv_(pou_li)" title="Liv (pou li) – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Liv (pou li)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6nyv" title="Könyv – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Könyv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%AB%D6%80%D6%84" title="Գիրք – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գիրք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%AB%D6%80%D6%84" title="Գիրք – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Գիրք" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libro" title="Libro – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Libro" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bup" title="Bup – 伊班语" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Bup" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="伊班语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buku" title="Buku – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Buku" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libre" title="Libre – 国际文字（E）" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Libre" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="国际文字（E）" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libro" title="Libro – 伊洛卡诺语" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Libro" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛卡诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Дешарг – 印古什语" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Дешарг" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="印古什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libro" title="Libro – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Libro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B3k" title="Bók – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Bók" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libro" title="Libro – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Libro" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%95%BF%E1%92%A5%E1%95%90%E1%95%88%E1%90%8A%E1%91%A6/qimirruat" title="ᕿᒥᕐᕈᐊᑦ/qimirruat – 因纽特语" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᕿᒥᕐᕈᐊᑦ/qimirruat" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="因纽特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%AC" title="本 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="本" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buk" title="Buk – 牙買加克里奧爾英文" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Buk" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="牙買加克里奧爾英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/cukta" title="cukta – 逻辑语" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="cukta" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="逻辑语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buku" title="Buku – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Buku" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AC%E1%83%98%E1%83%92%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="წიგნი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="წიგნი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adlis" title="Adlis – 卡拜尔语" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Adlis" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="卡拜尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takaya%C9%A3" title="Takayaɣ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Takayaɣ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwaa%CC%B1mbwat" title="Kwaa̱mbwat – 卡塔布语" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Kwaa̱mbwat" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="卡塔布语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF" title="Кітап – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Кітап" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%95" title="ಪುಸ್ತಕ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪುಸ್ತಕ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B1%85" title="책 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="책" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="کتاب – 克什米尔语" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="کتاب" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="克什米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boch_(z_l%C3%A4%C3%A4se)" title="Boch (z lääse) – 科隆语" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Boch (z lääse)" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="科隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirt%C3%BBk" title="Pirtûk – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Pirtûk" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B1%D3%A7%D0%B3" title="Небӧг – 科米语" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Небӧг" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="科米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyver" title="Lyver – 康沃尔语" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Lyver" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康沃尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF" title="Китеп – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Китеп" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liber" title="Liber – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Liber" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buch" title="Buch – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Buch" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B1" title="Улуб – 列兹金语" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Улуб" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="列兹金语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book" title="Book – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Book" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liber" title="Liber – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Liber" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BAku" title="Búku – 林加拉语" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Búku" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="林加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B6%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%A1" title="ປຶ້ມ – 老挝语" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປຶ້ມ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="老挝语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knyga" title="Knyga – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Knyga" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C4%81mata" title="Grāmata – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Grāmata" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buku" title="Buku – 马都拉语" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Buku" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="马都拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boky" title="Boky – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Boky" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Книга – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Книга" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Книга – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Книга" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="പുസ്തകം – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പുസ്തകം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Ном – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Ном" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%9B" title="ꯂꯥꯏꯂꯤꯛ – 曼尼普尔语" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯂꯥꯏꯂꯤꯛ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="曼尼普尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95" title="पुस्तक – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पुस्तक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buku" title="Buku – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Buku" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libro" title="Libro – 米兰德斯语" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Libro" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="米兰德斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%85%E1%80%AC%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AF%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA" title="စာအုပ် – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="စာအုပ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Кинига – 厄尔兹亚语" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Кинига" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="厄尔兹亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D9%85%D9%87" title="نومه – 马赞德兰语" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="نومه" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="马赞德兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amoxtli" title="Amoxtli – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Amoxtli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libbro" title="Libbro – 那不勒斯语" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Libbro" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="那不勒斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book" title="Book – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Book" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boek_(literetuur)" title="Boek (literetuur) – 低萨克森语" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Boek (literetuur)" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="低萨克森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95" title="पुस्तक – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पुस्तक" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%82" title="सफू – 尼瓦尔语" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="सफू" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boek" title="Boek – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Boek" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bok" title="Bok – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bok" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bok" title="Bok – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bok" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%9E%DF%8A%DF%AC%DF%9D%DF%8A" title="ߞߊ߬ߝߊ – 西非书面文字" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߞߊ߬ߝߊ" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="西非书面文字" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libre" title="Libre – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Libre" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirju" title="Kirju – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Kirju" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B3" title="Чиныг – 奥塞梯语" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Чиныг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="奥塞梯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC" title="ਕਿਤਾਬ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕਿਤਾਬ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buch" title="Buch – 賓夕法尼亞德文" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Buch" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="賓夕法尼亞德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%82" title="पोत्थकं – 巴利语" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="पोत्थकं" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="巴利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCka" title="Książka – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Książka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="کتاب – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کتاب" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livro" title="Livro – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Livro" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liwru" title="Liwru – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Liwru" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carte" title="Carte – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Carte" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carti" title="Carti – 阿罗马尼亚语" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Carti" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="阿罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Книга – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Книга" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Книга – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Книга" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igitabo" title="Igitabo – 卢旺达语" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Igitabo" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="卢旺达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%8D" title="Кинигэ – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Кинигэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ – 桑塔利语" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="桑塔利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libbru" title="Libbru – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Libbru" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beuk" title="Beuk – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Beuk" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="ڪتاب – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪتاب" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girji" title="Girji – 北方萨米语" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Girji" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="北方萨米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knjiga" title="Knjiga – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Knjiga" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A" title="පොත් – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පොත්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book" title="Book – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Book" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kniha" title="Kniha – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kniha" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knjiga" title="Knjiga – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Knjiga" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhuku" title="Bhuku – 绍纳语" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Bhuku" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="绍纳语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shafad_(Buug)" title="Shafad (Buug) – 索马里语" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Shafad (Buug)" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="索马里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libri" title="Libri – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Libri" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%9A%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Књига – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Књига" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dncwadz%C3%AD" title="Íncwadzí – 斯瓦蒂语" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="Íncwadzí" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="斯瓦蒂语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buku" title="Buku – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Buku" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bok" title="Bok – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bok" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitabu" title="Kitabu – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kitabu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/cudad" title="cudad – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="cudad" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_(%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81)" title="நூல் (எழுத்துப் படைப்பு) – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நூல் (எழுத்துப் படைப்பு)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/biru" title="biru – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="biru" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%82" title="పుస్తకం – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పుస్తకం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B1" title="Китоб – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Китоб" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD" title="หนังสือ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="หนังสือ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitap" title="Kitap – 土库曼语" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Kitap" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="土库曼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aklat" title="Aklat – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Aklat" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buka" title="Buka – 茨瓦纳语" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Buka" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="茨瓦纳语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buk" title="Buk – 托克皮辛语" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Buk" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="托克皮辛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitap" title="Kitap – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kitap" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BF" title="Китап – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Китап" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Ном – 图瓦语" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Ном" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="图瓦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Книга – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Книга" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="کتاب – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کتاب" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitob" title="Kitob – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kitob" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81ibro" title="Łibro – 威尼斯语" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Łibro" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirj" title="Kirj – 维普森语" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Kirj" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="维普森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A1ch" title="Sách – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sách" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buk" title="Buk – 沃拉普克语" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Buk" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="沃拉普克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live_(po_l%C3%A9re)" title="Live (po lére) – 瓦隆语" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Live (po lére)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libro" title="Libro – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Libro" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6" title="图书 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="图书" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incwadi" title="Incwadi – 科萨语" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Incwadi" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="科萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%B7%E1%83%A0%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="კჷრბი – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კჷრბი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9A" title="בוך – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="בוך" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Cw%C3%A9" title="Ìwé – 约鲁巴语" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ìwé" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="约鲁巴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saw" title="Saw – 壮语" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Saw" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="壮语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%B7%E2%B5%8D%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%99" title="ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ – 标准摩洛哥塔马塞特语" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="标准摩洛哥塔马塞特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9B%B8" title="書 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="書" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chheh" title="Chheh – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chheh" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9B%B8" title="書 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="書" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incwadi" title="Incwadi – 祖鲁语" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Incwadi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="祖鲁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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alt="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/35px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/53px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/70px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><div id="noteTA-df9bdf11" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-local"><div data-noteta-code="zh-hant:側標;zh-hans:腰封;"></div><div data-noteta-code="zh:元資料; zh-hans:元数据; zh-tw:後設資料; zh-hk:元數據; zh-mo:元數據"></div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span class="noviewer hatnote-notice-img" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span>「<b>書</b>」重定向至此。关于其他用法，请见「<b><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B8_(%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E7%BE%A9)" class="mw-disambig" title="書 (消歧義)">書 (消歧义)</a></b>」。</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aufgeschlagenes_Buch_--_2020_--_4195-201.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Aufgeschlagenes_Buch_--_2020_--_4195-201.jpg/220px-Aufgeschlagenes_Buch_--_2020_--_4195-201.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Aufgeschlagenes_Buch_--_2020_--_4195-201.jpg/330px-Aufgeschlagenes_Buch_--_2020_--_4195-201.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Aufgeschlagenes_Buch_--_2020_--_4195-201.jpg/440px-Aufgeschlagenes_Buch_--_2020_--_4195-201.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5739" data-file-height="4304" /></a><figcaption>图书。</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_chinese_Book.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Old_chinese_Book.JPG/220px-Old_chinese_Book.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Old_chinese_Book.JPG/330px-Old_chinese_Book.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Old_chinese_Book.JPG/440px-Old_chinese_Book.JPG 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="336" /></a><figcaption>線裝書。</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_book.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Braille_book.JPG/220px-Braille_book.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Braille_book.JPG/330px-Braille_book.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Braille_book.JPG/440px-Braille_book.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2575" data-file-height="1788" /></a><figcaption>提供視障人士使用的德文凸字書 (點字書)。</figcaption></figure> <p><b>圖書</b>，是帶有和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E9%A2%98_(%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6)" title="主题 (文学)">主題</a>相關內容的紙張，带有<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="文字">文字</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E5%83%8F" title="图像">图像</a>。书通常由<a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%A8%E6%B0%B4" title="墨水">墨水</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B8%E5%BC%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="纸张">纸张</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8A%E7%9A%AE%E7%B4%99" title="羊皮紙">羊皮紙</a>或其他材料固定在书脊上组成。组成书的一张纸称为一张，一面称为一<a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%81" title="頁">页</a>。在<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6%E9%A6%86%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E5%AD%A6" title="图书馆信息学">图书馆信息学</a>中，书被称为<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%88%E8%91%97" title="專著">专著</a>，以区别于<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%82%E5%BF%97" title="杂志">杂志</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%A6%E6%9C%AF%E6%9C%9F%E5%88%8A" title="学术期刊">学术期刊</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%A5%E7%BA%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="报纸">报纸</a>等<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%9E%E8%BD%BD%E6%9C%9F%E5%88%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="连载期刊">连载期刊</a>。所有的书面作品（包括图书）的主体是<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="文学">文学</a>。在<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%AF%B4" title="小说">小说</a>、一些类型（如<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A0%E8%AE%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="传记">传记</a>）中，书可能还要分成<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B7" title="卷">卷</a>。对书特别喜爱的人被称为<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E4%B9%A6%E8%80%85" class="mw-redirect" title="爱书者">爱书者</a>或藏书家，更随意的称呼是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%A6%E8%99%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="书虫">书虫</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%A6%E5%91%86%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="书呆子">书呆子</a>。賣書的地方稱<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B8%E5%BA%97" title="書店">書店</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E9%A4%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="圖書館">圖書館</a>則是能借閱書籍的地方。2010年，<a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%B7%E6%AD%8C%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="谷歌公司">谷歌公司</a>估计，从<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7%E6%9C%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="印刷术">印刷术</a>发明至今，大概出版了1亿3千万本不同書名的书籍。<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="現代的定義"><span id=".E7.8F.BE.E4.BB.A3.E7.9A.84.E5.AE.9A.E7.BE.A9"></span>現代的定義</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：現代的定義"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E6%95%99%E7%A7%91%E6%96%87%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" class="mw-redirect" title="聯合國教科文組織">聯合國教科文組織</a>對圖書的定義是：凡由出版社（商）出版的不包括封面和封底在內49頁以上的印刷品，具有特定的書名和著者名，編有<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E6%9B%B8%E8%99%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="國際標準書號">國際標準書號</a>，並有定價並取得版權保護的出版物稱為圖書。 </p><p>圖書需要一個定義的原因是為了方便聯合國教科文組織進行國際間的圖書發行統計比較，1964年11月在法國巴黎舉行的會議上，提出並通過採用以下定義：圖書是不包括封面和封底在內，至少含49頁的非期刊類印刷品，並且於該國家公開予公眾<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="历史"><span id=".E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2"></span>历史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：历史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="古代"><span id=".E5.8F.A4.E4.BB.A3"></span>古代</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：古代"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在远古<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E" title="文明">文明</a>创造了<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%A6%E5%86%99%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="书写系统">书写系统</a>之后，文字會刻在石头、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%98%E5%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="粘土">粘土</a>、树皮、金属片上。碑文或者铭文这类形式占据了历史的绝大部分，這類的研究稱為<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E7%9F%B3%E5%AD%A6" title="金石学">金石学</a>。5千年前埃及開始使用<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E7%9A%84%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="字母的歷史">字母</a>。古埃及人在<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%8E%E8%8D%89%E7%B4%99" class="mw-redirect" title="莎草紙">莎草紙</a>上书写，莎草这是一种生长在尼罗河边的植物，这种用<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%8E%E8%8D%89%E7%BA%B8" title="莎草纸">莎草纸</a>制成的书也是至今为止发现最早的书。最初词语并不分开，也没有<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E7%82%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="标点">标点</a>；书写顺序有时候从右到左，有时候从左到右，甚至轮流着来。这种轮流书写的方式被称为<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E8%80%95%E5%BC%8F%E8%BD%89%E8%A1%8C%E6%9B%B8%E5%AF%AB%E6%B3%95" title="牛耕式轉行書寫法">牛耕式轉行書寫法</a>，就像农夫用牛在耕地一样。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="平板书"><span id=".E5.B9.B3.E6.9D.BF.E4.B9.A6"></span>平板书</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：平板书"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>平板书是用坚固耐用的书写介质，适用于传播和书写，但是很重。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A5%E6%9D%BF" title="泥板">泥板</a>，顾名思义，是平整、乾燥的泥片，易于携带，使用尖笔（可能是湿的）刻印。从<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E9%93%9C%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="青铜时代">青铜时代</a>直到<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%81%E5%99%A8%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="铁器时代">铁器时代</a>，它都是书写的介质，上面會用<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%94%E5%BD%A2%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="楔形文字">楔形文字</a>書寫。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E8%A0%9F%E6%9D%BF" title="蠟板">蜡板</a>是在木板上涂有足够的腊，可以在上面用<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="尖笔" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="stylus"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%96%E7%AC%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="尖笔（页面不存在）">尖笔</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/stylus" class="extiw" title="en:stylus"><span lang="en" dir="auto">stylus</span></a></span>）</span></span>书写。它们在学校、会计、做笔记时都是常见的书写材料。蜡板有着可重复利用的优点，腊可以融解后重塑。把一些蜡板绑在一起可能就是现代书的原型之一。<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="卷軸"><span id=".E5.8D.B7.E8.BB.B8"></span>卷軸</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：卷軸"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Egypt.Papyrus.01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Egypt.Papyrus.01.jpg/220px-Egypt.Papyrus.01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Egypt.Papyrus.01.jpg/330px-Egypt.Papyrus.01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Egypt.Papyrus.01.jpg/440px-Egypt.Papyrus.01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>埃及的卷軸，上面有埃及神<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="欧西里斯">欧西里斯</a>在量測心的重量</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B7%E8%BB%B8" title="卷軸">卷軸</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%8E%E8%8D%89%E7%B4%99" class="mw-redirect" title="莎草紙">莎草紙</a>是薄的類似<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%99" class="mw-redirect" title="紙">紙</a>的材質，是由莎草的莖編織，再用類似錘子的工具重擊而成。一而成，莎草紙是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A" title="古埃及">古埃及</a>書寫的工具，可能在<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="埃及第一王朝">埃及第一王朝</a>時就已開始，目前發現最早的莎草紙書是<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="埃及第五王朝">埃及第五王朝</a>時Nefertiti Kakai法老時的會計簿，約西元前2400年<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。莎草紙一般會黏起來再捲起，形成<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B7%E8%BB%B8" title="卷軸">卷軸</a>，有時也會使用像<a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%B4%E6%A8%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="椴樹">椴樹</a>皮或其他材料<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>根據<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E7%BE%85%E5%A4%9A%E5%BE%B7" title="希羅多德">希羅多德</a>的記載（《<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2_(%E5%B8%8C%E7%BE%85%E5%A4%9A%E5%BE%B7)" title="歷史 (希羅多德)">歷史</a>》5:58），<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%93%E5%B0%BC%E5%9F%BA" title="腓尼基">腓尼基</a>人在西元前9至10世紀將莎草紙帶到埃及。希臘文中作為書寫材料的莎草紙（<i>biblion</i>）及書（<i>biblos</i>）兩個字都是來自腓尼基的港口<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E6%8B%9C%E5%8B%92" title="朱拜勒">朱拜勒</a>，原因是因為莎草紙是由朱拜勒進入希臘的<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。希臘文中有另外一個字tome (<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="希臘語">希臘語</a>：<span lang="el">τόμος</span>)，最早是指片或塊，後來也用來指「一卷莎草紙」，後來拉丁文也開始使用。 </p><p>不論是材質是莎草紙、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8A%E7%9A%AE%E7%B4%99" title="羊皮紙">羊皮紙</a>或是紙張，卷軸是古希臘、羅馬、中國、希伯來及馬其頓文化中主要的書籍形式。後來更現代的codex形式書籍在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3%E6%99%9A%E6%9C%9F" title="古典时代晚期">古典时代晚期</a>進入羅馬世界，但卷軸在亞洲的應用維持了更長的時間。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="後來的書"><span id=".E5.BE.8C.E4.BE.86.E7.9A.84.E6.9B.B8"></span>後來的書</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：後來的書"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>到公元1世纪时，<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A" title="希腊">希腊</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC" title="罗马">罗马</a>用动物的皮来记录国家的法律、历史等重要内容。在印刷术发明前，书的复制都是由手工完成，其成本与人工都相当高。在中世纪时期只有少数教会、大学、贵族和政府有着书籍的应用。直到10世纪<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%95%E6%98%87" title="毕昇">毕昇</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7%E6%9C%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="印刷术">印刷术</a>的发明，书籍才作为普通老百姓能負擔的物品，从而得以广泛的传播。进入1990年代，随着网络普及，书已摆脱了纸张的局限，<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E4%B9%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="电子书">电子书</a>又以空间小、便于传播、便于保存等优势，成为未来书的发展趋向。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="現代的製作"><span id=".E7.8F.BE.E4.BB.A3.E7.9A.84.E8.A3.BD.E4.BD.9C"></span>現代的製作</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：現代的製作"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Urval_av_de_bocker_som_har_vunnit_Nordiska_radets_litteraturpris_under_de_50_ar_som_priset_funnits_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Urval_av_de_bocker_som_har_vunnit_Nordiska_radets_litteraturpris_under_de_50_ar_som_priset_funnits_%282%29.jpg/220px-Urval_av_de_bocker_som_har_vunnit_Nordiska_radets_litteraturpris_under_de_50_ar_som_priset_funnits_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Urval_av_de_bocker_som_har_vunnit_Nordiska_radets_litteraturpris_under_de_50_ar_som_priset_funnits_%282%29.jpg/330px-Urval_av_de_bocker_som_har_vunnit_Nordiska_radets_litteraturpris_under_de_50_ar_som_priset_funnits_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Urval_av_de_bocker_som_har_vunnit_Nordiska_radets_litteraturpris_under_de_50_ar_som_priset_funnits_%282%29.jpg/440px-Urval_av_de_bocker_som_har_vunnit_Nordiska_radets_litteraturpris_under_de_50_ar_som_priset_funnits_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4256" data-file-height="2832" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%85%E8%AE%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="装订">装订</a>是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%A6%E7%B1%8D%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="书籍设计">书籍设计</a>中重要的一部份，特別是封面設計。當書被放在一疊，彧是放在書架上時，書脊是書唯一會露出，可以讓人看到書籍相關資料的部份，在書店裡，常常是書脊上的一些細節先吸引購書者的眼光</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88" title="出版">出版</a></div> <p>書籍<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7" title="印刷">印刷</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%85%E8%AE%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="装订">装订</a>的方式自十五世紀到二十世紀初都沒什麼太大的改變。當<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%94%A2%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0%E5%8C%96" title="生產機械化">生產機械化</a>更加盛行時，1900年代的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E6%9B%B8%E6%A9%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="印書機（页面不存在）">印書機</a>（book printer）和<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%8F%A4%E9%A8%B0%E5%A0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="約翰尼斯·古騰堡">約翰尼斯·古騰堡</a>發明的機器越來相近。 </p><p>古騰堡發明的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7%E6%9C%BA" title="印刷机">印刷机</a>使用可以移動的金屬活字組成單字，在成行成頁後再透過<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%B8%E7%89%88%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7" title="凸版印刷">凸版印刷</a>大量印刷。 </p><p>現代書籍用紙會用一些專門為印書設計的紙。傳統上，圖書會用低白度的紙張印刷（容易閱讀），紙張會選用不透光的，減少從紙的這一頁可以看到這頁另一面內容的情形。依圖書形式的不同，選用紙的品質也會有所不同，多半的書會用銅版紙、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="模造紙" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="woodfree uncoated paper"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A8%A1%E9%80%A0%E7%B4%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="模造紙（页面不存在）">模造紙</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/woodfree_uncoated_paper" class="extiw" title="en:woodfree uncoated paper"><span lang="en" dir="auto">woodfree uncoated paper</span></a></span>）</span></span>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E9%9D%A2%E7%BA%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="光面纸">光面纸</a>等。 </p><p>現代書籍主要是由<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E7%89%88%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7" title="平版印刷">平版印刷</a>的方式印製，書籍在印刷時，書籍的數頁會印在同一張的大型紙張上，並且位置經過設計，在摺疊之後，各頁就會依正確的順序排列。現代的書傾向以一些標準的尺寸印刷，<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="書籍尺寸" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Book size"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9B%B8%E7%B1%8D%E5%B0%BA%E5%AF%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="書籍尺寸（页面不存在）">書籍尺寸</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_size" class="extiw" title="en:Book size"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Book size</span></a></span>）</span></span>也就是書籍各頁摺疊後裁切的尺寸。由標準書籍尺寸從200至300年前就開始流行，後來成為出版業的標準。除美國以外的英語國家在此領域會使用英制，歐洲的出版商又使用另外一套的標準。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="現在的製作流程"><span id=".E7.8F.BE.E5.9C.A8.E7.9A.84.E8.A3.BD.E4.BD.9C.E6.B5.81.E7.A8.8B"></span>現在的製作流程</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：現在的製作流程"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>有些印製數量較少的圖書會用單張紙膠印機印製，其他大部份的圖書會用捲筒紙印刷機印製，進料是用捲筒紙，可以在較短時間印製較多的複本。在生產完成後，一本書的書頁會疊成一疊，後續裝訂成書。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="尺寸"><span id=".E5.B0.BA.E5.AF.B8"></span>尺寸</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：尺寸"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Codex_Gigas_facsimile.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Codex_Gigas_facsimile.jpg/220px-Codex_Gigas_facsimile.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Codex_Gigas_facsimile.jpg/330px-Codex_Gigas_facsimile.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Codex_Gigas_facsimile.jpg/440px-Codex_Gigas_facsimile.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption>真實尺寸<a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%94%E9%AC%BC%E5%9C%A3%E7%BB%8F" title="魔鬼圣经">魔鬼聖經</a>的複刻本</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kyauksa.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Kyauksa.JPG/220px-Kyauksa.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Kyauksa.JPG/330px-Kyauksa.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Kyauksa.JPG/440px-Kyauksa.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>世界上最大的書</figcaption></figure> <p>現代書的尺寸是依平版印刷機的印刷區域為準，多頁書籍會安排在同一個印刷機的大版面中，因此可以完整的利用版面，而位置及順序也經過調整，在摺疊及裁切後可以依正確的順序出現。 </p><p>最常見的尺寸有 </p> <ul><li>四開（quarto,4to）：印刷的大紙張會摺疊二次，會有四張紙共八頁，最長邊約11-13英吋（約30公分）。</li> <li>八開（octavo,4to）：最常見硬皮書的尺寸，印刷的大紙張會摺疊三次，會有八張紙共十六頁，最長邊約9 ¾英吋（約23公分）。</li> <li>十二開（duoDecimo,12mo）：介於四開及八開之間的尺寸，最長邊約7 ¾英吋（18公分）。</li> <li>十六開（sextodecimo,16mo）：印刷的大紙張會摺疊四次，會有十六張紙共三十二頁，最長邊約6 ¾英吋（約15公分）。</li></ul> <p>比十六開更小的尺寸有： </p> <ul><li>二十四開：最長邊到5 ¾英吋（13公分）</li> <li>三十二開：最長邊到5英吋（12cm）</li> <li>四十八開：最長邊到4英吋（10cm）</li> <li>六十四開：最長邊到3英吋（8cm）</li></ul> <p>世界上現存最大的中世紙手抄本是<a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%94%E9%AC%BC%E5%9C%A3%E7%BB%8F" title="魔鬼圣经">魔鬼聖經</a>，尺寸是92 × 50 × 22&公分。世界上最大的書是石製的，在<a href="/wiki/%E7%BC%85%E7%94%B8" title="缅甸">缅甸</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E9%83%BD%E9%99%B6%E4%BD%9B%E5%A1%94" title="固都陶佛塔">固都陶佛塔</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="結構"><span id=".E7.B5.90.E6.A7.8B"></span>結構</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：結構"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bookinfo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Bookinfo.svg/300px-Bookinfo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Bookinfo.svg/450px-Bookinfo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Bookinfo.svg/600px-Bookinfo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="489" data-file-height="455" /></a><figcaption>圖書設計的共同方案 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79074265">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="div-col"> <ol> <li>側標（Belly band） </li><li>勒口/折口（Flap） </li><li>卷首及卷尾之空頁（Endpaper） </li><li>書封（Book cover） </li><li>天頭（Top edge） </li><li>切口（Fore edge） </li><li>地腳（Tail edge） </li><li>右頁／奇數頁（Right page, recto） </li><li>左頁／偶數頁（Left page, verso） </li><li>書溝（Gutter） </li></ol> </div></figcaption></figure> <p>一本書共同的結構部分包括： </p> <ul><li>封面（Front cover）</li> <li>卷首的空頁（Front endpaper）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8A%98%E5%8F%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="折口（页面不存在）">折口</a>（Flap）</li> <li>襯頁（Flyleaf）</li> <li>前頁（正文前的書頁；Front matter） <ul><li>卷頭插畫（Frontispiece）</li> <li>標題頁（Title page）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%89%E9%A1%B5" title="扉页">扉頁</a>（Colophon）</li> <li>版權頁（Copyright page）</li> <li>內容目錄（Table of contents）</li> <li>（List of figures）</li> <li>（List of tables）</li> <li>獻辭（Dedication）</li> <li>致謝（Acknowledgments）</li> <li>前言（Foreword）</li> <li>序幕（Preface）</li> <li>簡介（Introduction）</li></ul></li> <li>正文（Body）</li> <li>末尾的書頁（Back matter） <ul><li>附錄（Appendix）</li> <li>詞彙表（Glossary）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95" title="索引">索引</a></li> <li>註釋（Notes）</li> <li>參考書目（Bibliography）</li> <li>版權頁標記（Colophon）</li></ul></li> <li>襯頁（Flyleaf）</li> <li>卷尾的空頁（Rear endpaper）</li> <li>書底（Rear cover）</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="識別及分類"><span id=".E8.AD.98.E5.88.A5.E5.8F.8A.E5.88.86.E9.A1.9E"></span>識別及分類</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：識別及分類"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>20世紀起，<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E9%A4%A8%E5%93%A1" title="圖書館員">圖書館員</a>開始關注如何追蹤每年出版的圖書，<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E9%A4%A8%E5%8D%94%E6%9C%83%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="國際圖書館協會聯合會">國際圖書館協會聯合會</a>發展了一系列相關的工具，包括<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="国际标准书目著录" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="International Standard Bibliographic Description"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%B9%A6%E7%9B%AE%E8%91%97%E5%BD%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="国际标准书目著录（页面不存在）">国际标准书目著录</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Bibliographic_Description" class="extiw" title="en:International Standard Bibliographic Description"><span lang="en" dir="auto">International Standard Bibliographic Description</span></a></span>）</span></span>（ISBD）。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ISBN.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/ISBN.JPG/220px-ISBN.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/ISBN.JPG/330px-ISBN.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/ISBN.JPG/440px-ISBN.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1501" data-file-height="805" /></a><figcaption>書籍的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%B9%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="国际标准书号">国际标准书号</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%9D%E7%A2%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="條碼">條碼</a></figcaption></figure> <p>每本書都有唯一的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%B9%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="国际标准书号">国际标准书号</a>（ISBN），<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" title="出版社">出版社</a>在每本書出版時都會申請，若是改版也會申請新的編號。国际标准书号是由ISBN協會管理，包括四部份，分別是國家碼、<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" title="出版社">出版社</a>碼、標題碼及<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%A1%E9%AA%8C%E7%A0%81" title="校验码">校验码</a>，校验码可以是0–9及X（10）。<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E5%95%86%E5%93%81%E7%BC%96%E7%A0%81" class="mw-redirect" title="欧洲商品编码">EAN</a>針對書籍的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%9D%E7%A2%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="條碼">條碼</a>由依国际标准书号，前面再加上978，再計算一個新的校验码。 </p><p>工業化國家的商業出版社一般會針對出版書籍指定ISBN，因此讀者可以假定其ISBN是在國際系統中的一部份，沒有例外。不過許多工業化國家或開發中國家的政府出版品未完全參與ISBN系統，因此出版品不一定會有ISBN。 </p><p>大型或公開的書籍收藏（如<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E9%A4%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="圖書館">圖書館</a>）會需要<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="图书目录" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Library catalog"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="图书目录（页面不存在）">图书目录</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_catalog" class="extiw" title="en:Library catalog"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Library catalog</span></a></span>）</span></span>，會針對每一本書安排索書號（或檢書），並根據索書號規劃書籍所放的書架。一般索書號會依<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="圖書分類法">圖書分類法</a>來規劃。索書號會貼在圖書館書籍的书脊下方，但會離底部有一小段距離，也會貼在書籍的內頁。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SanDiegoCityCollegeLearningResource_-_bookshelf.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/SanDiegoCityCollegeLearningResource_-_bookshelf.jpg/220px-SanDiegoCityCollegeLearningResource_-_bookshelf.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/SanDiegoCityCollegeLearningResource_-_bookshelf.jpg/330px-SanDiegoCityCollegeLearningResource_-_bookshelf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/SanDiegoCityCollegeLearningResource_-_bookshelf.jpg/440px-SanDiegoCityCollegeLearningResource_-_bookshelf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>圖書館書架上的書，有<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%A6%E7%AB%8B" title="书立">書立</a>支撐，在书脊上可看到索書號</figcaption></figure> <p>像是<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E5%8D%94%E6%9C%83" title="美國國家標準協會">ANSI</a>/NISO Z39.41 - 1997之類的國家標準，設定了在书脊列出書籍資訊（如<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="書名" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Title (publishing)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9B%B8%E5%90%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="書名（页面不存在）">書名</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Title_(publishing)" class="extiw" title="en:Title (publishing)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Title (publishing)</span></a></span>）</span></span>或是作者）的正確方式，也設定了像<a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%95%E5%83%8F%E5%B8%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="录像带">錄影帶</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="軟體">軟體</a>等類似書可以上架存放物品的資訊標示方式。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E5%A8%81%E5%8D%81%E8%BF%9B%E5%88%B6%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E6%B3%95" title="杜威十进制图书分类法">杜威十进制图书分类法</a>是一個最早也最為人知的常用圖書分類法，另一個最用的系統是用英文字母識別的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E9%A4%A8%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="美國國會圖書館圖書分類法">美國國會圖書館圖書分類法</a>。兩個系統都偏重當時分類法發展時，在美國書書館已有較多藏書的內容，因此在針對像電腦或是有關其他文化的主題時會比較麻煩<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83946278">.mw-parser-output .template-facttext{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:inherit;margin:-.3em 0;padding:.3em 0}</style><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>書籍的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E8%A8%AD%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99" class="mw-redirect" title="後設資料">後設資料</a>可以包括其<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%B9%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="国际标准书号">国际标准书号</a>（ISBN）或其他分類號碼、貢獻者（<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9C%E8%80%85" title="作者">作者</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%A8%E8%BC%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="編輯">編輯</a>、譯者、插圖製作者）及出版商、書籍日期及尺寸、以及書籍的語言等。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="用途"><span id=".E7.94.A8.E9.80.94"></span>用途</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：用途"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wall_full_of_books.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Wall_full_of_books.jpg/220px-Wall_full_of_books.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Wall_full_of_books.jpg/330px-Wall_full_of_books.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Wall_full_of_books.jpg/440px-Wall_full_of_books.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="4608" /></a><figcaption>以書作佈置</figcaption></figure> <p>書的主要用途是<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%B1%E8%AE%80" title="閱讀">閱讀</a>，此外也可以有其他的用途： </p> <ul><li>書可以是藝術家的創作，本身就可以是一件藝術品，這稱為<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="藝術家的書" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="artists' book"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93%E5%AE%B6%E7%9A%84%E6%9B%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="藝術家的書（页面不存在）">藝術家的書</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/artists%27_book" class="extiw" title="en:artists' book"><span lang="en" dir="auto">artists' book</span></a></span>）</span></span>。</li> <li>書可以讓讀者或是專業作者來評論，評論的文字稱為<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B8%E8%A9%95" title="書評">書評</a>。</li> <li>書可以讓一群人一起閱讀，之後進行業餘及學術的討論，稱之為<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="讀書會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="book discussion club"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BB%E4%B9%A6%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="读书会">讀書會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/book_discussion_club" class="extiw" title="en:book discussion club"><span lang="en" dir="auto">book discussion club</span></a></span>）</span></span>。</li> <li>書可以讓學生閱讀後分析，並撰寫有關其內容分析的文章，稱為<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="讀書心得" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="book report"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%80%E6%9B%B8%E5%BF%83%E5%BE%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="讀書心得（页面不存在）">讀書心得</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/book_report" class="extiw" title="en:book report"><span lang="en" dir="auto">book report</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li>書有時可以用來作為家中的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%9D%E9%A3%BE%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93" title="裝飾藝術">裝飾藝術</a>，例如在<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B8%E6%88%BF" title="書房">書房</a>中。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="种类"><span id=".E7.A7.8D.E7.B1.BB"></span>种类</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：种类"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="書列表">書列表</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="按內容分"><span id=".E6.8C.89.E5.85.A7.E5.AE.B9.E5.88.86"></span>按內容分</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：按內容分"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E5%A8%81%E5%8D%81%E8%BF%9B%E5%88%B6%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E6%B3%95" title="杜威十进制图书分类法">杜威十進位圖書分類法</a>是由美國圖書館專家麥爾威·杜威發明，將書分為十大類，中華民國圖書館學學者<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%B4%E6%B0%B8%E7%A5%A5" title="賴永祥">賴永祥</a>以之為本、修訂的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E6%B3%95" title="中文圖書分類法">中文圖書分類法</a>被中華民國、香港、澳門、新加坡等地大多數圖書館所採用。 </p><p>通行於歐美許多大學圖書館的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E9%A4%A8%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="美國國會圖書館圖書分類法">美國國會圖書館圖書分類法</a>以26個拉丁字母中的21個，將書區分為21種類；傳至中國後、改為<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6%E9%A6%86%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E6%B3%95" title="中国图书馆分类法">中國圖書館分類法</a>，以26個拉丁字母，將書區分為26種類。在中國古代使用的是<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E6%B3%95" title="四部分類法">四部分類法</a>，將書分為經、史、子、集四類。 </p><p>而<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E5%8D%81%E8%BF%9B%E5%88%B6%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E6%B3%95" title="通用十进制图书分类法">通用十進位圖書分類法</a>是19世紀末在杜威十進位圖書分類法的基礎上繼續研發的分類方法，此種分類方法由數字和特殊符號組成，在世界各地的圖書館中被廣泛應用。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="按裝訂形式分"><span id=".E6.8C.89.E8.A3.9D.E8.A8.82.E5.BD.A2.E5.BC.8F.E5.88.86"></span>按裝訂形式分</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：按裝訂形式分"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%BF%E8%A3%85%E4%B9%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="线装书">線裝書</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%B6%E8%A3%85%E4%B9%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="胶装书（页面不存在）">胶装书</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E8%A3%85%E4%B9%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="特装书（页面不存在）">特装书</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E8%A3%9D%E6%9B%B8" title="精裝書">精装书</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E8%A3%9D%E6%9B%B8" title="平裝書">平装书</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A2%8B%E8%A3%85%E4%B9%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="袋装书（页面不存在）">袋装书</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E4%B9%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="电子书">电子书</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E8%81%B2%E6%9B%B8" title="有聲書">有聲書</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9B%B2%E4%BA%BA%E4%B9%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="盲人书（页面不存在）">盲人书</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E8%83%B6%E4%B9%A6" title="磁胶书">磁膠書</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://booksearch.blogspot.com/2010/08/books-of-world-stand-up-and-be-counted.html">Books of the world, stand up and be counted! All 129,864,880 of you.</a>. Inside Google Books. 2010-08-05 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2010-08-15</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100815112336/http://booksearch.blogspot.com/2010/08/books-of-world-stand-up-and-be-counted.html">存档</a>于2010-08-15）. <q>After we exclude serials, we can finally count all the books in the world. There are 129,864,880 of them. At least until Sunday.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6&rft.btitle=Books+of+the+world%2C+stand+up+and+be+counted%21+All+129%2C864%2C880+of+you.&rft.date=2010-08-05&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Inside+Google+Books&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooksearch.blogspot.com%2F2010%2F08%2Fbooks-of-world-stand-up-and-be-counted.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=13068&URL_DO=DO_PRINTPAGE&URL_SECTION=201.html">Recommendation concerning the International Standardization of Statistics Relating to Book Production and Periodicals</a>. UNESCO. 1964 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-01-16</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101103230431/http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID%3D13068%26URL_DO%3DDO_PRINTPAGE%26URL_SECTION%3D201.html">存档</a>于2010-11-03）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6&rft.btitle=Recommendation+concerning+the+International+Standardization+of+Statistics+Relating+to+Book+Production+and+Periodicals&rft.date=1964&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fportal.unesco.org%2Fen%2Fev.php-URL_ID%3D13068%26URL_DO%3DDO_PRINTPAGE%26URL_SECTION%3D201.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Leila Avrin. <i>Scribes, Script and Books</i>, p. 173.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Avrin, Leila. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/scribesscriptboo0000avri">Scribes, script, and books: the book arts from antiquity to the Renaissance</a>. New York, New York: American Library Association; The British Library. 1991: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/scribesscriptboo0000avri/page/83">83</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-8389-0522-7" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-8389-0522-7"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-8389-0522-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6&rft.aufirst=Leila&rft.aulast=Avrin&rft.btitle=Scribes%2C+script%2C+and+books%3A+the+book+arts+from+antiquity+to+the+Renaissance&rft.date=1991&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-8389-0522-7&rft.pages=83&rft.place=New+York%2C+New+York&rft.pub=American+Library+Association%3B+The+British+Library&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fscribesscriptboo0000avri&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dard_Hunter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dard Hunter（页面不存在）">Dard Hunter</a>. <i>Papermaking: History and Technique of an Ancient Craft New ed.</i> Dover Publications 1978, p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Leila Avrin. <i>Scribes, Script and Books</i>, pp. 144–145.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="维基共享资源">维基共享资源</a>中相关的多媒体资源：<b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Book?uselang=zh">图书</a></b></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.qinprinting.com/board-book-printing/"><big>卡书 Board Book</big></a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20220305063901/https://www.qinprinting.com/board-book-printing/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright" style="margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px"> <ul style="display:table;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0.1em;max-width:175px;background:var(--background-color-base,#f9f9f9);font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-weight:bold"> <li style="display:table-row"><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_bookcase.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Nuvola_apps_bookcase.svg/28px-Nuvola_apps_bookcase.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Nuvola_apps_bookcase.svg/42px-Nuvola_apps_bookcase.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Nuvola_apps_bookcase.svg/56px-Nuvola_apps_bookcase.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></span><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E4%B9%A6%E7%B1%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:书籍">书籍主题</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="書列表">書列表</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E6%AF%8F%E5%B9%B4%E4%B9%A6%E7%B1%8D%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E6%95%B0%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="各国每年书籍出版数列表">各国每年书籍出版数列表</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E8%81%B2%E6%9B%B8" title="有聲書">有聲書</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E9%A4%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="圖書館">圖書館</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%89%8B%E6%9B%B8" title="二手書">二手書</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B8%E5%BA%97" title="書店">書店</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88" title="出版">出版</a></li></ul> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output 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.mw-collapsible-toggle{margin-left:0.5em;position:absolute;right:1em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="紙製品" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%B4%99%E8%A3%BD%E5%93%81" title="Template:紙製品"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E7%B4%99%E8%A3%BD%E5%93%81" title="Template talk:紙製品"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E7%B4%99%E8%A3%BD%E5%93%81" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:紙製品"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="紙製品" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em">紙製品</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">容器</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%92" title="盒">盒子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E6%A5%9E%E7%B4%99%E7%9B%92" title="瓦楞紙盒">瓦楞紙盒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%9F%E6%A0%87" title="烟标">煙標</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E6%9D%AF%E5%A5%97" title="咖啡杯套">咖啡杯套</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E5%A5%97" title="封套">封套</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="外帶盒" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Oyster pail"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%96%E5%B8%B6%E7%9B%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="外帶盒（页面不存在）">外帶盒</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oyster_pail" class="extiw" title="en:Oyster pail"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Oyster pail</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B8%E8%A2%8B" title="纸袋">纸袋</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B8%E6%9D%BF" title="纸板">纸板</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%99%E6%9D%AF" title="紙杯">紙杯</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%9B%E7%94%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="衛生">衛生</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%A2%E7%B4%99" title="面紙">面紙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A4%90%E5%B7%BE" title="餐巾">餐巾</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%93%A6%E6%89%8B%E7%B4%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="擦手紙（页面不存在）">擦手紙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%9B%E7%94%9F%E7%B4%99" title="衛生紙">衛生紙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%BF%E5%B7%BE" title="湿巾">濕紙巾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%9A%E6%88%BF%E7%B4%99%E5%B7%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="廚房紙巾">廚房紙巾</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%85%B7" title="文具">文具</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%A3%E7%BA%8C%E5%A0%B1%E8%A1%A8%E7%B4%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="連續報表紙（页面不存在）">連續報表紙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%95%8F%E5%80%99%E5%8D%A1" title="問候卡">賀卡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%89%87%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E%E6%B3%95" title="卡片分類法">索引卡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%A6%E4%BF%A1" title="书信">书信</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="马尼拉文件夹" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Manila folder"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%BC%E6%8B%89%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%A4%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马尼拉文件夹（页面不存在）">马尼拉文件夹</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila_folder" class="extiw" title="en:Manila folder"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Manila folder</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%AE%E7%A5%A8" title="邮票">邮票</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E4%BF%A1%E7%89%87" title="明信片">明信片</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%BF%E5%88%A9%E8%B2%BC" title="便利貼">便利貼</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E8%9E%8D" title="金融">金融</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%99%E5%B9%A3" title="紙幣">紙幣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8D%E7%89%87" title="名片">名片</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%98%E6%83%A0%E5%88%B8" title="优惠券">優惠券</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%90%E4%BB%98%E5%8D%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="預付卡">預付卡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%98%E6%91%BA" title="存摺">存折</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BA%E5%8B%A4%E5%8D%A1" title="出勤卡">出勤卡</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">裝飾</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ingrain%E5%A3%81%E7%B4%99" title="Ingrain壁紙">Ingrain壁紙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%81%E7%BA%B8" title="壁纸">壁紙</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">知識傳播</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">图书</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99" title="報紙">報紙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%82%E5%BF%97" title="杂志">杂志</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E7%89%87" class="mw-redirect" title="相片">相片</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E7%B4%99" title="新聞紙">新聞紙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E5%86%8A%E5%AD%90" title="小冊子">小冊子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9C%E7%89%88%E7%BA%B8" title="铜版纸">銅版紙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9F%E7%86%B1%E7%B4%99" title="感熱紙">感熱紙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E5%85%B8%E7%BA%B8" title="字典纸">字典纸</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%9B%E6%A8%82" 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title="漫畫原稿紙（页面不存在）">漫畫原稿紙</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%BE%E7%B4%99" title="濾紙">濾紙</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E6%BB%A4%E7%BA%B8" title="咖啡滤纸">咖啡濾紙</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%95%E8%9D%87%E7%BA%B8" title="捕蝇纸">捕蠅紙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%9F%91%E8%9E%82%E5%B1%8B" title="蟑螂屋">蟑螂屋</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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