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lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><p>The <b>president of Czechoslovakia</b> (<a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a>: <i lang="cs">prezident Československa</i>, <a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a>: <i lang="sk">prezident Česko-Slovenska</i>) was the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a>, from the <a href="/wiki/Origins_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Origins of Czechoslovakia">creation</a> of the <a href="/wiki/First_Czechoslovak_Republic" title="First Czechoslovak Republic">First Czechoslovak Republic</a> in 1918 until the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Dissolution of Czechoslovakia">dissolution</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Czech_and_Slovak_Federative_Republic" title="Czech and Slovak Federative Republic">Czech and Slovak Federative Republic</a> on 1 January 1993. </p><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;">President of Czechoslovakia</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size: 125%; font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a>: <i lang="cs">Prezident Československa</i><br><a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a>: <i lang="sk">Prezident Česko-Slovenska</i></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px var( --border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1 );"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_President_of_Czechoslovakia_(1918-1939,_1945-1960).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Flag_of_the_President_of_Czechoslovakia_%281918-1939%2C_1945-1960%29.svg/125px-Flag_of_the_President_of_Czechoslovakia_%281918-1939%2C_1945-1960%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Flag_of_the_President_of_Czechoslovakia_%281918-1939%2C_1945-1960%29.svg/188px-Flag_of_the_President_of_Czechoslovakia_%281918-1939%2C_1945-1960%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Flag_of_the_President_of_Czechoslovakia_%281918-1939%2C_1945-1960%29.svg/250px-Flag_of_the_President_of_Czechoslovakia_%281918-1939%2C_1945-1960%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="526" data-file-height="526"></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic#Presidential_standard" title="Flag of the Czech Republic">Presidential Standard (1918–1960)</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px var( --border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1 ); line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding-bottom:0.4em;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Garrigue_Masaryk_1925.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Garrigue_Masaryk_1925.PNG/200px-Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Garrigue_Masaryk_1925.PNG" decoding="async" width="200" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Garrigue_Masaryk_1925.PNG/300px-Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Garrigue_Masaryk_1925.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Garrigue_Masaryk_1925.PNG/400px-Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Garrigue_Masaryk_1925.PNG 2x" data-file-width="637" data-file-height="828"></a></span></div><b>Longest serving<br><a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Masaryk" title="Tomáš Masaryk">Tomáš Masaryk</a></b><br>14 November 1918 – 14 December 1935</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Style_(form_of_address)" title="Style (form of address)">Style</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Excellency" title="Excellency">His Excellency</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Official_residence" title="Official residence">Residence</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Prague_Castle" title="Prague Castle">Prague Castle</a><br><a href="/wiki/Bratislava_Castle" title="Bratislava Castle">Bratislava Castle</a><br><span style="font-size:85%;">(1969–92)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Appointer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Assembly_(Czechoslovakia)" title="Federal Assembly (Czechoslovakia)">Federal Assembly</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data">14 November 1918<span class="noprint">; 106 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1918-11-14</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First holder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Masaryk" title="Tomáš Masaryk">Tomáš Masaryk</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Final holder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1clav_Havel" title="Václav Havel">Václav Havel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Abolished</th><td class="infobox-data">20 July 1992<span class="noprint">; 32 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1992-07-20</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Superseded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic"><img alt="Czech Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="President of the Czech Republic">President of the Czech Republic</a><br><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><img alt="Slovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/President_of_Slovakia" title="President of Slovakia">President of Slovakia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Deputy</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Czechoslovakia" title="List of prime ministers of Czechoslovakia">Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1948–1992)</span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In periods when the presidency was vacant, most presidential duties were assumed by the <a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Czechoslovakia" title="List of prime ministers of Czechoslovakia">prime minister</a>. </p><p>The second section lists the leaders of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Communist Party of Czechoslovakia">Communist Party of Czechoslovakia</a> (KSČ) from 1948 to 1989. The post was titled as chairman from 1948 to 1953, first secretary from 1953 to 1971, and general secretary from 1971 to 1989. After the <a href="/wiki/1948_Czechoslovak_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état">1948 coup d'état</a>, the KSČ's leader was the country's <i>de facto</i> chief executive. However, three party leaders (<a href="/wiki/Klement_Gottwald" title="Klement Gottwald">Klement Gottwald</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anton%C3%ADn_Novotn%C3%BD" title="Antonín Novotný">Antonín Novotný</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gust%C3%A1v_Hus%C3%A1k" title="Gustáv Husák">Gustáv Husák</a>) also served as president at some point in their tenures. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Presidents_of_Czechoslovakia_(1918%E2%80%931992)"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Presidents of Czechoslovakia (1918–1992)</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#General_secretaries_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Czechoslovakia_(1948%E2%80%931989)"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">General secretaries of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (1948–1989)</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Timeline"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Timeline</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Presidential_standards"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Presidential standards</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Presidents_of_Czechoslovakia_(1918–1992)"><span id="Presidents_of_Czechoslovakia_.281918.E2.80.931992.29"></span>Presidents of Czechoslovakia (1918–1992)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_presidents_of_Czechoslovakia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Presidents of Czechoslovakia (1918–1992)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <dl><dt><i>Political parties</i></dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid #AAAAAA;background-color:#FAC469; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Czech_National_Social_Party" title="Czech National Social Party">Czechoslovak National Social Party</a> (ČSNS)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid #AAAAAA;background-color:#DC241F; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Communist Party of Czechoslovakia">Communist Party of Czechoslovakia</a> (KSČ)</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid #AAAAAA;background-color:#386bA5; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Civic_Forum" title="Civic Forum">Civic Forum</a> (OF)</div> <dl><dt><i>Other factions</i></dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid #AAAAAA;background-color:#DCDCDC; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> </th> <th rowspan="2">Portrait </th> <th rowspan="2">Name<div style="font-size:85%;">(Birth–Death)</div> </th> <th rowspan="2">Ethnicity </th> <th rowspan="2">Election </th> <th colspan="3">Term of office </th> <th rowspan="2">Party </th></tr> <tr> <th>Took office </th> <th>Left office </th> <th>Time in office </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="9" style="background:#9999FF;"><b><a href="/wiki/First_Czechoslovak_Republic" title="First Czechoslovak Republic">First Czechoslovak Republic</a> (1918–1938)</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#DCDCDC; color:black">1 </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Garrigue_Masaryk_1925.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Garrigue_Masaryk_1925.PNG/100px-Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Garrigue_Masaryk_1925.PNG" decoding="async" width="100" height="130" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="637" data-file-height="828"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 130px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Garrigue_Masaryk_1925.PNG/100px-Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Garrigue_Masaryk_1925.PNG" data-width="100" data-height="130" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Garrigue_Masaryk_1925.PNG/150px-Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Garrigue_Masaryk_1925.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Garrigue_Masaryk_1925.PNG/200px-Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Garrigue_Masaryk_1925.PNG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Masaryk" title="Tomáš Masaryk">Tomáš Masaryk</a></b><br><span style="font-size:85%;">(1850–1937)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Czechs" title="Czechs">Czech</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1918_Czechoslovak_presidential_election" title="1918 Czechoslovak presidential election">1918</a><br><a href="/wiki/1920_Czechoslovak_presidential_election" title="1920 Czechoslovak presidential election">1920</a><br><a href="/wiki/1927_Czechoslovak_presidential_election" title="1927 Czechoslovak presidential election">1927</a><br><a href="/wiki/1934_Czechoslovak_presidential_election" title="1934 Czechoslovak presidential election">1934</a> </td> <td>14 November 1918 </td> <td>14 December 1935 </td> <td>17 years, 30 days </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#FAC469; color:black">2 </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Edvard_Bene%C5%A1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Edvard_Bene%C5%A1.jpg/100px-Edvard_Bene%C5%A1.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="130" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3390" data-file-height="4398"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 130px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Edvard_Bene%C5%A1.jpg/100px-Edvard_Bene%C5%A1.jpg" data-width="100" data-height="130" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Edvard_Bene%C5%A1.jpg/150px-Edvard_Bene%C5%A1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Edvard_Bene%C5%A1.jpg/200px-Edvard_Bene%C5%A1.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Edvard_Bene%C5%A1" title="Edvard Beneš">Edvard Beneš</a></b><br><span style="font-size:85%;">(1884–1948)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Czechs" title="Czechs">Czech</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1935_Czechoslovak_presidential_election" title="1935 Czechoslovak presidential election">1935</a> </td> <td>18 December 1935 </td> <td>5 October 1938 </td> <td>2 years, 291 days </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Czech_National_Social_Party" title="Czech National Social Party">ČSNS</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="9" style="background:#BB9955;"><b><a href="/wiki/Second_Czechoslovak_Republic" title="Second Czechoslovak Republic">Second Czechoslovak Republic</a> (1938–1939)</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#DCDCDC; color:black">3 </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emil_H%C3%A1cha_5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Emil_H%C3%A1cha_5.jpg/100px-Emil_H%C3%A1cha_5.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="138" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="978" data-file-height="1346"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 138px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Emil_H%C3%A1cha_5.jpg/100px-Emil_H%C3%A1cha_5.jpg" data-width="100" data-height="138" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Emil_H%C3%A1cha_5.jpg/150px-Emil_H%C3%A1cha_5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Emil_H%C3%A1cha_5.jpg/200px-Emil_H%C3%A1cha_5.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Emil_H%C3%A1cha" title="Emil Hácha">Emil Hácha</a></b><br><span style="font-size:85%;">(1872–1945)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Czechs" title="Czechs">Czech</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1938_Czechoslovak_presidential_election" title="1938 Czechoslovak presidential election">1938</a> </td> <td>30 November 1938 </td> <td>15 March 1939 </td> <td>105 days </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="9" style="background:#FFFFFF;"><b><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Czechoslovakia_(1938%E2%80%931945)" title="Occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945)">Occupation</a> (1939–1945)</b><br><span style="font-size:85%;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greater_arms_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia_(1939-1945).svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_arms_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia_%281939-1945%29.svg/25px-Greater_arms_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia_%281939-1945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="29" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="611" data-file-height="717"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 25px;height: 29px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_arms_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia_%281939-1945%29.svg/25px-Greater_arms_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia_%281939-1945%29.svg.png" data-width="25" data-height="29" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_arms_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia_%281939-1945%29.svg/38px-Greater_arms_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia_%281939-1945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_arms_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia_%281939-1945%29.svg/50px-Greater_arms_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia_%281939-1945%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Emil_H%C3%A1cha" title="Emil Hácha">Emil Hácha</a></b> became State President of the <i><a href="/wiki/Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia" title="Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia">Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia</a></i>, a <i>de jure</i> <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Nazi_Germany#Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia" title="Administrative divisions of Nazi Germany">autonomous region</a> incorporated into <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>.<br><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Middle_coat_of_arms_of_Czechoslovakia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Middle_coat_of_arms_of_Czechoslovakia.svg/25px-Middle_coat_of_arms_of_Czechoslovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="32" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="537" data-file-height="693"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 25px;height: 32px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Middle_coat_of_arms_of_Czechoslovakia.svg/25px-Middle_coat_of_arms_of_Czechoslovakia.svg.png" data-width="25" data-height="32" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Middle_coat_of_arms_of_Czechoslovakia.svg/38px-Middle_coat_of_arms_of_Czechoslovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Middle_coat_of_arms_of_Czechoslovakia.svg/50px-Middle_coat_of_arms_of_Czechoslovakia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Edvard_Bene%C5%A1" title="Edvard Beneš">Edvard Beneš</a></b> proclaimed himself President of the <i><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_government-in-exile" title="Czechoslovak government-in-exile">Czechoslovak government-in-exile</a></i>, the government recognized by the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<br><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Slovak_State_(1939-1945).svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Slovak_State_%281939-1945%29.svg/25px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Slovak_State_%281939-1945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="35" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="708"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 25px;height: 35px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Slovak_State_%281939-1945%29.svg/25px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Slovak_State_%281939-1945%29.svg.png" data-width="25" data-height="35" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Slovak_State_%281939-1945%29.svg/38px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Slovak_State_%281939-1945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Slovak_State_%281939-1945%29.svg/50px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Slovak_State_%281939-1945%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Jozef_Tiso" title="Jozef Tiso">Jozef Tiso</a></b> became President of the <i><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Republic_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="Slovak Republic (1939–1945)">Slovak Republic</a></i>, a <a href="/wiki/Clerical_fascism" title="Clerical fascism">clerico-fascist</a> and quasi-independent <a href="/wiki/Client_state" title="Client state">client state</a> of Nazi Germany.<br><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Karptska_Ukraina_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Karptska_Ukraina_COA.svg/25px-Karptska_Ukraina_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="30" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="488" data-file-height="593"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 25px;height: 30px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Karptska_Ukraina_COA.svg/25px-Karptska_Ukraina_COA.svg.png" data-width="25" data-height="30" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Karptska_Ukraina_COA.svg/38px-Karptska_Ukraina_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Karptska_Ukraina_COA.svg/50px-Karptska_Ukraina_COA.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Avgustyn_Voloshyn" title="Avgustyn Voloshyn">Avgustyn Voloshyn</a></b> became President of <i><a href="/wiki/Carpatho-Ukraine" title="Carpatho-Ukraine">Carpatho-Ukraine</a></i> a few days before <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_invasion_of_Carpatho-Ukraine" title="Hungarian invasion of Carpatho-Ukraine">invasion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carpathian_Ruthenia_during_World_War_II" title="Carpathian Ruthenia during World War II">occupation</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1920%E2%80%931946)" title="Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)">Kingdom of Hungary</a>.</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="9" style="background:#FFFF88;"><b><a href="/wiki/Third_Czechoslovak_Republic" title="Third Czechoslovak Republic">Third Czechoslovak Republic</a> (1945–1948)</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#FAC469; color:black">2 </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Edvard_Bene%C5%A1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Edvard_Bene%C5%A1.jpg/100px-Edvard_Bene%C5%A1.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="130" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3390" data-file-height="4398"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 130px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Edvard_Bene%C5%A1.jpg/100px-Edvard_Bene%C5%A1.jpg" data-width="100" data-height="130" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Edvard_Bene%C5%A1.jpg/150px-Edvard_Bene%C5%A1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Edvard_Bene%C5%A1.jpg/200px-Edvard_Bene%C5%A1.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Edvard_Bene%C5%A1" title="Edvard Beneš">Edvard Beneš</a></b><br><span style="font-size:85%;">(1884–1948)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Czechs" title="Czechs">Czech</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1946_Czechoslovak_presidential_election" title="1946 Czechoslovak presidential election">1946</a> </td> <td>4 April 1945 </td> <td>7 June 1948 </td> <td>3 years, 64 days </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Czech_National_Social_Party" title="Czech National Social Party">ČSNS</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="9" style="background:#FF6666;"><b><a href="/wiki/History_of_Czechoslovakia_(1948%E2%80%931989)" title="History of Czechoslovakia (1948–1989)">Communist Era</a> (1948–1989)</b><br><span style="font-size:85%;">Official names: Czechoslovak Republic (1948–1960), <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_Socialist_Republic" title="Czechoslovak Socialist Republic">Czechoslovak Socialist Republic</a> (1960–1989)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#DC241F; color:white">4 </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R90009,_Budapest,_II._Weltfestspiele,_Festumzug,_tschechische_Delegation_(cropped_KG).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R90009%2C_Budapest%2C_II._Weltfestspiele%2C_Festumzug%2C_tschechische_Delegation_%28cropped_KG%29.jpg/100px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R90009%2C_Budapest%2C_II._Weltfestspiele%2C_Festumzug%2C_tschechische_Delegation_%28cropped_KG%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="138" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4335" data-file-height="5993"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 138px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R90009%2C_Budapest%2C_II._Weltfestspiele%2C_Festumzug%2C_tschechische_Delegation_%28cropped_KG%29.jpg/100px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R90009%2C_Budapest%2C_II._Weltfestspiele%2C_Festumzug%2C_tschechische_Delegation_%28cropped_KG%29.jpg" data-width="100" data-height="138" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R90009%2C_Budapest%2C_II._Weltfestspiele%2C_Festumzug%2C_tschechische_Delegation_%28cropped_KG%29.jpg/150px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R90009%2C_Budapest%2C_II._Weltfestspiele%2C_Festumzug%2C_tschechische_Delegation_%28cropped_KG%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R90009%2C_Budapest%2C_II._Weltfestspiele%2C_Festumzug%2C_tschechische_Delegation_%28cropped_KG%29.jpg/200px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R90009%2C_Budapest%2C_II._Weltfestspiele%2C_Festumzug%2C_tschechische_Delegation_%28cropped_KG%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Klement_Gottwald" title="Klement Gottwald">Klement Gottwald</a></b><br><span style="font-size:85%;">(1896–1953)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Czechs" title="Czechs">Czech</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1948_Czechoslovak_presidential_election" title="1948 Czechoslovak presidential election">1948</a> </td> <td>14 June 1948 </td> <td>14 March 1953 </td> <td>4 years, 273 days </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Communist Party of Czechoslovakia">KSČ</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#DC241F; color:white">5 </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portret_Anton%C3%ADn_Z%C3%A1potock%C3%BD,_Bestanddeelnr_902-7903.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Portret_Anton%C3%ADn_Z%C3%A1potock%C3%BD%2C_Bestanddeelnr_902-7903.jpg/100px-Portret_Anton%C3%ADn_Z%C3%A1potock%C3%BD%2C_Bestanddeelnr_902-7903.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="138" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1659" data-file-height="2285"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 138px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Portret_Anton%C3%ADn_Z%C3%A1potock%C3%BD%2C_Bestanddeelnr_902-7903.jpg/100px-Portret_Anton%C3%ADn_Z%C3%A1potock%C3%BD%2C_Bestanddeelnr_902-7903.jpg" data-width="100" data-height="138" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Portret_Anton%C3%ADn_Z%C3%A1potock%C3%BD%2C_Bestanddeelnr_902-7903.jpg/150px-Portret_Anton%C3%ADn_Z%C3%A1potock%C3%BD%2C_Bestanddeelnr_902-7903.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Portret_Anton%C3%ADn_Z%C3%A1potock%C3%BD%2C_Bestanddeelnr_902-7903.jpg/200px-Portret_Anton%C3%ADn_Z%C3%A1potock%C3%BD%2C_Bestanddeelnr_902-7903.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Anton%C3%ADn_Z%C3%A1potock%C3%BD" title="Antonín Zápotocký">Antonín Zápotocký</a></b><br><span style="font-size:85%;">(1884–1957)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Czechs" title="Czechs">Czech</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1953_Czechoslovak_presidential_election" title="1953 Czechoslovak presidential election">1953</a> </td> <td>21 March 1953 </td> <td>13 November 1957 </td> <td>4 years, 237 days </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Communist Party of Czechoslovakia">KSČ</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#DC241F; color:white">6 </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Anton%C3%ADn_Novotn%C3%BD_1968.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Anton%C3%ADn_Novotn%C3%BD_1968.jpg/100px-Anton%C3%ADn_Novotn%C3%BD_1968.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="138" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1796" data-file-height="2474"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 138px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Anton%C3%ADn_Novotn%C3%BD_1968.jpg/100px-Anton%C3%ADn_Novotn%C3%BD_1968.jpg" data-width="100" data-height="138" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Anton%C3%ADn_Novotn%C3%BD_1968.jpg/150px-Anton%C3%ADn_Novotn%C3%BD_1968.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Anton%C3%ADn_Novotn%C3%BD_1968.jpg/200px-Anton%C3%ADn_Novotn%C3%BD_1968.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Anton%C3%ADn_Novotn%C3%BD" title="Antonín Novotný">Antonín Novotný</a></b><br><span style="font-size:85%;">(1904–1975)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Czechs" title="Czechs">Czech</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1957_Czechoslovak_presidential_election" title="1957 Czechoslovak presidential election">1957</a><br><a href="/wiki/1964_Czechoslovak_presidential_election" title="1964 Czechoslovak presidential election">1964</a> </td> <td>19 November 1957 </td> <td>22 March 1968 </td> <td>10 years, 124 days </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Communist Party of Czechoslovakia">KSČ</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#DC241F; color:white">7 </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ludv%C3%ADk_Svoboda_1968.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Ludv%C3%ADk_Svoboda_1968.JPG/100px-Ludv%C3%ADk_Svoboda_1968.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="130" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="264" data-file-height="343"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 130px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Ludv%C3%ADk_Svoboda_1968.JPG/100px-Ludv%C3%ADk_Svoboda_1968.JPG" data-width="100" data-height="130" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Ludv%C3%ADk_Svoboda_1968.JPG/150px-Ludv%C3%ADk_Svoboda_1968.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Ludv%C3%ADk_Svoboda_1968.JPG/200px-Ludv%C3%ADk_Svoboda_1968.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Ludv%C3%ADk_Svoboda" title="Ludvík Svoboda">Ludvík Svoboda</a></b><br><span style="font-size:85%;">(1895–1979)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Czechs" title="Czechs">Czech</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1968_Czechoslovak_presidential_election" title="1968 Czechoslovak presidential election">1968</a><br><a href="/wiki/1973_Czechoslovak_presidential_election" title="1973 Czechoslovak presidential election">1973</a> </td> <td>30 March 1968 </td> <td>29 May 1975 </td> <td>7 years, 60 days </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Communist Party of Czechoslovakia">KSČ</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#DC241F; color:white">8 </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gust%C3%A1v_Hus%C3%A1k_-_o%C5%99%C3%ADznuto.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Gust%C3%A1v_Hus%C3%A1k_-_o%C5%99%C3%ADznuto.JPG/100px-Gust%C3%A1v_Hus%C3%A1k_-_o%C5%99%C3%ADznuto.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="130" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="651"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 130px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Gust%C3%A1v_Hus%C3%A1k_-_o%C5%99%C3%ADznuto.JPG/100px-Gust%C3%A1v_Hus%C3%A1k_-_o%C5%99%C3%ADznuto.JPG" data-width="100" data-height="130" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Gust%C3%A1v_Hus%C3%A1k_-_o%C5%99%C3%ADznuto.JPG/150px-Gust%C3%A1v_Hus%C3%A1k_-_o%C5%99%C3%ADznuto.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Gust%C3%A1v_Hus%C3%A1k_-_o%C5%99%C3%ADznuto.JPG/200px-Gust%C3%A1v_Hus%C3%A1k_-_o%C5%99%C3%ADznuto.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Gust%C3%A1v_Hus%C3%A1k" title="Gustáv Husák">Gustáv Husák</a></b><br><span style="font-size:85%;">(1913–1991)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Slovaks" title="Slovaks">Slovak</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1975_Czechoslovak_presidential_election" title="1975 Czechoslovak presidential election">1975</a><br><a href="/wiki/1980_Czechoslovak_presidential_election" title="1980 Czechoslovak presidential election">1980</a><br><a href="/wiki/1985_Czechoslovak_presidential_election" title="1985 Czechoslovak presidential election">1985</a> </td> <td>29 May 1975 </td> <td>10 December 1989 </td> <td>14 years, 195 days </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Communist Party of Czechoslovakia">KSČ</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="9" style="background:#99AAFF;"><b><a href="/wiki/History_of_Czechoslovakia_(1989%E2%80%931992)" title="History of Czechoslovakia (1989–1992)">Post–Communist Era</a> (1989–1992)</b><br><span style="font-size:85%;">Official names: Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (1989–1990), <a href="/wiki/Czech_and_Slovak_Federative_Republic" title="Czech and Slovak Federative Republic">Czech and Slovak Federative Republic</a> (1990–1992)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#386bA5; color:white">9 </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vaclav_Havel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Vaclav_Havel.jpg/100px-Vaclav_Havel.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2209"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Vaclav_Havel.jpg/100px-Vaclav_Havel.jpg" data-width="100" data-height="147" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Vaclav_Havel.jpg/150px-Vaclav_Havel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Vaclav_Havel.jpg/200px-Vaclav_Havel.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1clav_Havel" title="Václav Havel">Václav Havel</a></b><br><span style="font-size:85%;">(1936–2011)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Czechs" title="Czechs">Czech</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1989_Czechoslovak_presidential_election" title="1989 Czechoslovak presidential election">1989</a><br><a href="/wiki/1990_Czechoslovak_presidential_election" title="1990 Czechoslovak presidential election">1990</a> </td> <td>29 December 1989 </td> <td>20 July 1992 </td> <td>2 years, 204 days </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Civic_Forum" title="Civic Forum">OF</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="General_secretaries_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Czechoslovakia_(1948–1989)"><span id="General_secretaries_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Czechoslovakia_.281948.E2.80.931989.29"></span>General secretaries of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (1948–1989)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_presidents_of_Czechoslovakia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: General secretaries of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (1948–1989)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>Except for the final office-holder, the leader of the KSČ was <i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i> the most powerful person in the country during this period. </p><p>Title: Chairman (1948–1953) and first secretary (1953–1971). </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> </th> <th rowspan="2">Portrait </th> <th rowspan="2">Name<div style="font-size:85%;">(Birth–Death)</div> </th> <th rowspan="2">Ethnicity </th> <th colspan="3">Term of office </th></tr> <tr> <th>Took office </th> <th>Left office </th> <th>Time in office </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#DC241F; color:white">1 </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R90009,_Budapest,_II._Weltfestspiele,_Festumzug,_tschechische_Delegation_(cropped_KG).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R90009%2C_Budapest%2C_II._Weltfestspiele%2C_Festumzug%2C_tschechische_Delegation_%28cropped_KG%29.jpg/100px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R90009%2C_Budapest%2C_II._Weltfestspiele%2C_Festumzug%2C_tschechische_Delegation_%28cropped_KG%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="138" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4335" data-file-height="5993"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 138px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R90009%2C_Budapest%2C_II._Weltfestspiele%2C_Festumzug%2C_tschechische_Delegation_%28cropped_KG%29.jpg/100px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R90009%2C_Budapest%2C_II._Weltfestspiele%2C_Festumzug%2C_tschechische_Delegation_%28cropped_KG%29.jpg" data-width="100" data-height="138" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R90009%2C_Budapest%2C_II._Weltfestspiele%2C_Festumzug%2C_tschechische_Delegation_%28cropped_KG%29.jpg/150px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R90009%2C_Budapest%2C_II._Weltfestspiele%2C_Festumzug%2C_tschechische_Delegation_%28cropped_KG%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R90009%2C_Budapest%2C_II._Weltfestspiele%2C_Festumzug%2C_tschechische_Delegation_%28cropped_KG%29.jpg/200px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R90009%2C_Budapest%2C_II._Weltfestspiele%2C_Festumzug%2C_tschechische_Delegation_%28cropped_KG%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Klement_Gottwald" title="Klement Gottwald">Klement Gottwald</a></b><br><span style="font-size:85%;">(1896–1953)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Czechs" title="Czechs">Czech</a> </td> <td>February 1948 </td> <td>14 March 1953 </td> <td>5 years, 41 days </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#DC241F; color:white">2 </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Anton%C3%ADn_Novotn%C3%BD_1968.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Anton%C3%ADn_Novotn%C3%BD_1968.jpg/100px-Anton%C3%ADn_Novotn%C3%BD_1968.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="138" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1796" data-file-height="2474"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 138px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Anton%C3%ADn_Novotn%C3%BD_1968.jpg/100px-Anton%C3%ADn_Novotn%C3%BD_1968.jpg" data-width="100" data-height="138" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Anton%C3%ADn_Novotn%C3%BD_1968.jpg/150px-Anton%C3%ADn_Novotn%C3%BD_1968.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Anton%C3%ADn_Novotn%C3%BD_1968.jpg/200px-Anton%C3%ADn_Novotn%C3%BD_1968.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Anton%C3%ADn_Novotn%C3%BD" title="Antonín Novotný">Antonín Novotný</a></b><br><span style="font-size:85%;">(1904–1975)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Czechs" title="Czechs">Czech</a> </td> <td>14 March 1953 </td> <td>5 January 1968 </td> <td>14 years, 297 days </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#DC241F; color:white">3 </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dub%C4%8Dek_in_1990_(Fortepan_138485).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Dub%C4%8Dek_in_1990_%28Fortepan_138485%29.jpg/100px-Dub%C4%8Dek_in_1990_%28Fortepan_138485%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2815"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 133px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Dub%C4%8Dek_in_1990_%28Fortepan_138485%29.jpg/100px-Dub%C4%8Dek_in_1990_%28Fortepan_138485%29.jpg" data-width="100" data-height="133" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Dub%C4%8Dek_in_1990_%28Fortepan_138485%29.jpg/150px-Dub%C4%8Dek_in_1990_%28Fortepan_138485%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Dub%C4%8Dek_in_1990_%28Fortepan_138485%29.jpg/200px-Dub%C4%8Dek_in_1990_%28Fortepan_138485%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Dub%C4%8Dek" title="Alexander Dubček">Alexander Dubček</a></b><br><span style="font-size:85%;">(1921–1992)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Slovaks" title="Slovaks">Slovak</a> </td> <td>5 January 1968 </td> <td>17 April 1969 </td> <td>1 year, 102 days </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#DC241F; color:white">4 </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gust%C3%A1v_Hus%C3%A1k_-_o%C5%99%C3%ADznuto.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Gust%C3%A1v_Hus%C3%A1k_-_o%C5%99%C3%ADznuto.JPG/100px-Gust%C3%A1v_Hus%C3%A1k_-_o%C5%99%C3%ADznuto.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="130" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="651"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 130px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Gust%C3%A1v_Hus%C3%A1k_-_o%C5%99%C3%ADznuto.JPG/100px-Gust%C3%A1v_Hus%C3%A1k_-_o%C5%99%C3%ADznuto.JPG" data-width="100" data-height="130" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Gust%C3%A1v_Hus%C3%A1k_-_o%C5%99%C3%ADznuto.JPG/150px-Gust%C3%A1v_Hus%C3%A1k_-_o%C5%99%C3%ADznuto.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Gust%C3%A1v_Hus%C3%A1k_-_o%C5%99%C3%ADznuto.JPG/200px-Gust%C3%A1v_Hus%C3%A1k_-_o%C5%99%C3%ADznuto.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Gust%C3%A1v_Hus%C3%A1k" title="Gustáv Husák">Gustáv Husák</a></b><br><span style="font-size:85%;">(1913–1991)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Slovaks" title="Slovaks">Slovak</a> </td> <td>17 April 1969 </td> <td>17 December 1987 </td> <td>18 years, 244 days </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#DC241F; color:white">5 </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:M_Jake%C5%A1_Praha_2014.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/M_Jake%C5%A1_Praha_2014.JPG/100px-M_Jake%C5%A1_Praha_2014.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="132" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3027" data-file-height="4000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 132px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/M_Jake%C5%A1_Praha_2014.JPG/100px-M_Jake%C5%A1_Praha_2014.JPG" data-width="100" data-height="132" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/M_Jake%C5%A1_Praha_2014.JPG/150px-M_Jake%C5%A1_Praha_2014.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/M_Jake%C5%A1_Praha_2014.JPG/200px-M_Jake%C5%A1_Praha_2014.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Jake%C5%A1" title="Miloš Jakeš">Miloš Jakeš</a></b><br><span style="font-size:85%;">(1922–2020)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Czechs" title="Czechs">Czech</a> </td> <td>17 December 1987 </td> <td>24 November 1989 </td> <td>1 year, 342 days </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#DC241F; color:white">6 </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:No_image.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/No_image.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 100px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/No_image.png" data-width="100" data-height="100" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Karel_Urb%C3%A1nek" title="Karel Urbánek">Karel Urbánek</a></b><br><span style="font-size:85%;">(born 1941)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Czechs" title="Czechs">Czech</a> </td> <td>24 November 1989 </td> <td>20 December 1989 </td> <td>26 days </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Timeline">Timeline</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_presidents_of_Czechoslovakia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Timeline" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_25bnzuuldxh1mwuz4gm58n3782jkkr5"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/V%C3%A1clav_Havel" coords="884,86,956,110" title="Václav Havel" alt="Václav Havel"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Gust%C3%A1v_Hus%C3%A1k" coords="854,75,932,99" title="Gustáv Husák" alt="Gustáv Husák"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Ludv%C3%ADk_Svoboda" coords="683,64,768,88" title="Ludvík Svoboda" alt="Ludvík Svoboda"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Anton%C3%ADn_Novotn%C3%BD" coords="599,54,691,78" title="Antonín Novotný" alt="Antonín Novotný"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Anton%C3%ADn_Z%C3%A1potock%C3%BD" coords="478,43,590,67" title="Antonín Zápotocký" alt="Antonín Zápotocký"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Klement_Gottwald" coords="423,32,515,56" title="Klement Gottwald" alt="Klement Gottwald"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Emil_H%C3%A1cha" coords="259,22,338,46" title="Emil Hácha" alt="Emil Hácha"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Edvard_Bene%C5%A1" coords="367,11,446,35" title="Edvard Beneš" alt="Edvard Beneš"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Garrigue_Masaryk" coords="221,0,306,24" title="Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk" alt="Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk"></map><img usemap="#timeline_25bnzuuldxh1mwuz4gm58n3782jkkr5" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/25bnzuuldxh1mwuz4gm58n3782jkkr5.png"></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Presidential_standards">Presidential standards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_presidents_of_Czechoslovakia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Presidential standards" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_President_of_Czechoslovakia_(1918-1939,_1945-1960).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="1918–1939, 1945–1960"><noscript><img alt="1918–1939, 1945–1960" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Flag_of_the_President_of_Czechoslovakia_%281918-1939%2C_1945-1960%29.svg/120px-Flag_of_the_President_of_Czechoslovakia_%281918-1939%2C_1945-1960%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="526" data-file-height="526"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 120px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Flag_of_the_President_of_Czechoslovakia_%281918-1939%2C_1945-1960%29.svg/120px-Flag_of_the_President_of_Czechoslovakia_%281918-1939%2C_1945-1960%29.svg.png" data-alt="1918–1939, 1945–1960" data-width="120" data-height="120" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Flag_of_the_President_of_Czechoslovakia_%281918-1939%2C_1945-1960%29.svg/180px-Flag_of_the_President_of_Czechoslovakia_%281918-1939%2C_1945-1960%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Flag_of_the_President_of_Czechoslovakia_%281918-1939%2C_1945-1960%29.svg/240px-Flag_of_the_President_of_Czechoslovakia_%281918-1939%2C_1945-1960%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1918–1939, 1945–1960</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_President_of_Czechoslovakia_(1960%E2%80%931990).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="1960–1990"><noscript><img alt="1960–1990" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_the_President_of_Czechoslovakia_%281960%E2%80%931990%29.svg/120px-Flag_of_the_President_of_Czechoslovakia_%281960%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="608" data-file-height="608"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 120px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_the_President_of_Czechoslovakia_%281960%E2%80%931990%29.svg/120px-Flag_of_the_President_of_Czechoslovakia_%281960%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png" data-alt="1960–1990" data-width="120" data-height="120" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_the_President_of_Czechoslovakia_%281960%E2%80%931990%29.svg/180px-Flag_of_the_President_of_Czechoslovakia_%281960%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_the_President_of_Czechoslovakia_%281960%E2%80%931990%29.svg/240px-Flag_of_the_President_of_Czechoslovakia_%281960%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1960–1990</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_President_of_Czechoslovakia_(1990%E2%80%931992).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="1990–1992"><noscript><img alt="1990–1992" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_the_President_of_Czechoslovakia_%281990%E2%80%931992%29.svg/120px-Flag_of_the_President_of_Czechoslovakia_%281990%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="526" data-file-height="526"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 120px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_the_President_of_Czechoslovakia_%281990%E2%80%931992%29.svg/120px-Flag_of_the_President_of_Czechoslovakia_%281990%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png" data-alt="1990–1992" data-width="120" data-height="120" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_the_President_of_Czechoslovakia_%281990%E2%80%931992%29.svg/180px-Flag_of_the_President_of_Czechoslovakia_%281990%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_the_President_of_Czechoslovakia_%281990%E2%80%931992%29.svg/240px-Flag_of_the_President_of_Czechoslovakia_%281990%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1990–1992</div> </li> </ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_presidents_of_Czechoslovakia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <style 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.plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Czechs" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Czechs">List of rulers of Czechs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bohemian_monarchs" title="List of Bohemian monarchs">List of Bohemian monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_political_office-holders_in_the_Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia" title="Lists of political office-holders in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia">Lists of political office-holders in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Czechoslovakia" title="List of prime ministers of Czechoslovakia">List of prime ministers of Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="President of the Czech Republic">President of the Czech Republic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="List of presidents of the Czech Republic">List of presidents of the Czech Republic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Prime Minister of the Czech Republic">Prime Minister of the Czech Republic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="List of prime ministers of the Czech Republic">List of prime ministers of the Czech Republic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Slovakia" title="President of Slovakia">President of Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Slovakia" title="Prime Minister of Slovakia">Prime Minister of Slovakia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Czech_presidential_pets" title="List of Czech presidential pets">List of Czech presidential pets</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_presidents_of_Czechoslovakia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large 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.hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_presidents_of_Czechoslovakia&oldid=1274194634">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_presidents_of_Czechoslovakia&oldid=1274194634</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_presidents_of_Czechoslovakia&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Sundostund" data-user-gender="male" data-timestamp="1738798747"> <span>Last edited on 5 February 2025, at 23:39</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A4sident_der_Tschechoslowakei" title="Präsident der Tschechoslowakei – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Präsident der Tschechoslowakei" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%B1%D8%A4%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="قائمة رؤساء تشيكوسلوفاكيا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قائمة رؤساء تشيكوسلوفاكيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidente_de_Checoslovaquia" title="Presidente de Checoslovaquia – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Presidente de Checoslovaquia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%A7%D1%8D%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%96" title="Прэзідэнты Чэхаславакіі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Прэзідэнты Чэхаславакіі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Президент на Чехословакия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Президент на Чехословакия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llista_de_presidents_de_Txecoslov%C3%A0quia" title="Llista de presidents de Txecoslovàquia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llista de presidents de Txecoslovàquia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seznam_prezident%C5%AF_%C4%8Ceskoslovenska" title="Seznam prezidentů Československa – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Seznam prezidentů Československa" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_der_Pr%C3%A4sidenten_der_Tschechoslowakei" title="Liste der Präsidenten der Tschechoslowakei – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Liste der Präsidenten der Tschechoslowakei" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%A1ehhoslovakkia_riigipeade_loend" title="Tšehhoslovakkia riigipeade loend – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tšehhoslovakkia riigipeade loend" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%A0%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%AD%CE%B4%CF%81%CF%89%CE%BD_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%A4%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%87%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Κατάλογος Προέδρων της Τσεχοσλοβακίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κατάλογος Προέδρων της Τσεχοσλοβακίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidente_de_Checoslovaquia" title="Presidente de Checoslovaquia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Presidente de Checoslovaquia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listo_de_prezidentoj_de_%C4%88e%C4%A5oslovakio" title="Listo de prezidentoj de Ĉeĥoslovakio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Listo de prezidentoj de Ĉeĥoslovakio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D8%B1%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3%E2%80%8C%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%DA%86%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="فهرست رئیس‌جمهورهای چکسلواکی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فهرست رئیس‌جمهورهای چکسلواکی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_des_pr%C3%A9sidents_de_la_Tch%C3%A9coslovaquie" title="Liste des présidents de la Tchécoslovaquie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Liste des présidents de la Tchécoslovaquie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listo_pri_prezidanti_di_Chekoslovakia" title="Listo pri prezidanti di Chekoslovakia – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Listo pri prezidanti di Chekoslovakia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_Presiden_Cekoslowakia" title="Daftar Presiden Cekoslowakia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Daftar Presiden Cekoslowakia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forseti_T%C3%A9kk%C3%B3sl%C3%B3vak%C3%ADu" title="Forseti Tékkóslóvakíu – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Forseti Tékkóslóvakíu" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidenti_della_Cecoslovacchia" title="Presidenti della Cecoslovacchia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Presidenti della Cecoslovacchia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%94%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ჩეხოსლოვაკიის პრეზიდენტი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჩეხოსლოვაკიის პრეზიდენტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presiden_Czechoslovakia" title="Presiden Czechoslovakia – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Presiden Czechoslovakia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B5%D1%80%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%B3%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82" title="Чехословакийн ерөнхийлөгчийн жагсаалт – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Чехословакийн ерөнхийлөгчийн жагсаалт" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lijst_van_presidenten_van_Tsjecho-Slowakije" title="Lijst van presidenten van Tsjecho-Slowakije – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lijst van presidenten van Tsjecho-Slowakije" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%82%A7%E3%82%B3%E3%82%B9%E3%83%AD%E3%83%90%E3%82%AD%E3%82%A2%E3%81%AE%E5%A4%A7%E7%B5%B1%E9%A0%98" title="チェコスロバキアの大統領 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="チェコスロバキアの大統領" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_over_Tsjekkoslovakias_presidenter" title="Liste over Tsjekkoslovakias presidenter – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Liste over Tsjekkoslovakias presidenter" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidentar_i_Tsjekkoslovakia" title="Presidentar i Tsjekkoslovakia – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Presidentar i Tsjekkoslovakia" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_dels_presidents_de_Checoslovaquia" title="Lista dels presidents de Checoslovaquia – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Lista dels presidents de Checoslovaquia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prezydenci_Czechos%C5%82owacji" title="Prezydenci Czechosłowacji – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Prezydenci Czechosłowacji" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_de_presidentes_da_Tchecoslov%C3%A1quia" title="Lista de presidentes da Tchecoslováquia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lista de presidentes da Tchecoslováquia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_pre%C8%99edin%C8%9Bilor_Cehoslovaciei" title="Lista președinților Cehoslovaciei – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Lista președinților Cehoslovaciei" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17506997 badge-featuredlist mw-list-item" title="featured list badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Список президентов Чехословакии – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Список президентов Чехословакии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Czechoslovakia" title="List of presidents of Czechoslovakia – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="List of presidents of Czechoslovakia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoznam_prezidentov_%C4%8Cesko-Slovenska" title="Zoznam prezidentov Česko-Slovenska – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Zoznam prezidentov Česko-Slovenska" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seznam_predsednikov_%C4%8Ce%C5%A1koslova%C5%A1ke" title="Seznam predsednikov Češkoslovaške – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Seznam predsednikov Češkoslovaške" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luettelo_T%C5%A1ekkoslovakian_presidenteist%C3%A4" title="Luettelo Tšekkoslovakian presidenteistä – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Luettelo Tšekkoslovakian presidenteistä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_%C3%B6ver_Tjeckoslovakiens_presidenter" title="Lista över Tjeckoslovakiens presidenter – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lista över Tjeckoslovakiens presidenter" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Список Президентів Чехословаччини – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Список Президентів Чехословаччини" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danh_s%C3%A1ch_t%E1%BB%95ng_th%E1%BB%91ng_Ti%E1%BB%87p_Kh%E1%BA%AFc" title="Danh sách tổng thống Tiệp Khắc – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Danh sách tổng thống Tiệp Khắc" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="捷克斯洛伐克总统 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="捷克斯洛伐克总统" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 5 February 2025, at 23:39<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li 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