CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Constitution of the United States - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )simplewikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat": "dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"fb16f47e-9690-4754-9233-6c6e0fd3c9dc","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Constitution_of_the_United_States","wgTitle":"Constitution of the United States","wgCurRevisionId":9858788,"wgRevisionId":9858788,"wgArticleId":37490,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using the JsonConfig extension","Commons category link from Wikidata","Webarchive template wayback links","All articles with dead links to other websites","Articles with dead links to other websites from January 2021","Articles with permanently dead links to other websites","Articles with FAST identifiers","Articles with VIAF identifiers","Articles with BNF identifiers","Articles with BNFdata identifiers","Articles with GND identifiers", "Articles with J9U identifiers","Articles with LCCN identifiers","Articles with NARA identifiers","United States Constitution"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Constitution_of_the_United_States","wgRelevantArticleId":37490,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false, "wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q11698","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["architecture","bitness","brands","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site", "mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.refToolbar","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.3"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Constitution of the United States - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//simple.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="change this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_the_United_States&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//simple.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.simple"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Constitution_of_the_United_States rootpage-Constitution_of_the_United_States skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Getting around </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simple_start" title="About the project, what you can do, where to find things"><span>Simple start</span></a></li><li id="n-Simple-talk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simple_talk"><span>Simple talk</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="The list of new changes in the wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>New changes</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Show any page [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Show any page</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="The place to get help"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us"><span>Contact us</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-simple.svg" width="101" height="18" style="width: 6.3125em; height: 1.125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_simple.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Give to Wikipedia</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Constitution+of+the+United+States" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Constitution+of+the+United+States" title="You are encouraged to log in; however, it is not mandatory [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_simple.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Give to Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Constitution+of+the+United+States" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Constitution+of+the+United+States" title="You are encouraged to log in; however, it is not mandatory [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about changes from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Beginning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Articles_of_the_Constitution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles_of_the_Constitution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Articles of the Constitution</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Articles_of_the_Constitution-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Articles of the Constitution subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Articles_of_the_Constitution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Preamble" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Preamble"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Preamble</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Preamble-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legislative_power" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislative_power"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Legislative power</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislative_power-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Executive_power" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Executive_power"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Executive power</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Executive_power-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judicial_power" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judicial_power"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Judicial power</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judicial_power-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-States'_powers_and_limits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#States'_powers_and_limits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>States' powers and limits</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-States'_powers_and_limits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Process_of_amendment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Process_of_amendment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Process of amendment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Process_of_amendment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Federal_power" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federal_power"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Federal power</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Federal_power-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ratification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ratification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Ratification</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ratification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Amendments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amendments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Amendments</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Amendments-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Amendments subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Amendments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bill_of_Rights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bill_of_Rights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Bill of Rights</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bill_of_Rights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_Amendments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_Amendments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Later Amendments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_Amendments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_pages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_pages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Related pages</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Related_pages-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Related pages subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Related_pages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Related_documents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_documents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Related documents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Related_documents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_Authors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_Authors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Related Authors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Related_Authors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_websites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_websites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Other websites</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_websites-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Other websites subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Other_websites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-National_Archives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Archives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>National Archives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Archives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Official_U.S._government_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Official_U.S._government_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Official U.S. government sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Official_U.S._government_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-government_web_sites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-government_web_sites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Non-government web sites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-government_web_sites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Activist/advocacy_web_sites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Activist/advocacy_web_sites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Activist/advocacy web sites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Activist/advocacy_web_sites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Constitution of the United States</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 89 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-89" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">89 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grondwet_van_die_Verenigde_State" title="Grondwet van die Verenigde State – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Grondwet van die Verenigde State" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grundgesetnes_%C3%BE%C4%81ra_Ge%C4%81ndena_R%C4%ABca_American" title="Grundgesetnes þāra Geāndena Rīca American – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Grundgesetnes þāra Geāndena Rīca American" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9" title="دستور الولايات المتحدة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دستور الولايات المتحدة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constituci%C3%B3n_de_los_Estaos_Xun%C3%ADos" title="Constitución de los Estaos Xuníos – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Constitución de los Estaos Xuníos" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/AB%C5%9E_Konstitusiyas%C4%B1" title="ABŞ Konstitusiyası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="ABŞ Konstitusiyası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D2%A0%D0%A8_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="АҠШ Конституцияһы – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="АҠШ Конституцияһы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%83%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%97%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Канстытуцыя ЗША – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Канстытуцыя ЗША" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%83%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%97%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Канстытуцыя ЗША – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Канстытуцыя ЗША" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="अमेरिका के संबिधान – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="अमेरिका के संबिधान" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%90%D0%A9" title="Конституция на САЩ – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Конституция на САЩ" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ustav_Sjedinjenih_Ameri%C4%8Dkih_Dr%C5%BEava" title="Ustav Sjedinjenih Američkih Država – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ustav Sjedinjenih Američkih Država" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constituci%C3%B3_dels_Estats_Units" title="Constitució dels Estats Units – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Constitució dels Estats Units" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%9F%D0%A8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9%C4%95" title="АПШ конституцийĕ – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="АПШ конституцийĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Astava_Spojen%C3%BDch_st%C3%A1t%C5%AF_americk%C3%BDch" title="Ústava Spojených států amerických – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ústava Spojených států amerických" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA%27s_forfatning" title="USA's forfatning – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="USA's forfatning" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verfassung_der_Vereinigten_Staaten" title="Verfassung der Vereinigten Staaten – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Verfassung der Vereinigten Staaten" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameerika_%C3%9Chendriikide_p%C3%B5hiseadus" title="Ameerika Ühendriikide põhiseadus – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ameerika Ühendriikide põhiseadus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%8D%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%BC%CE%B1_%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%97%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%8E%CE%BD" title="Σύνταγμα των Ηνωμένων Πολιτειών – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σύνταγμα των Ηνωμένων Πολιτειών" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Constitution of the United States" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constituci%C3%B3n_de_los_Estados_Unidos" title="Constitución de los Estados Unidos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Constitución de los Estados Unidos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstitucio_de_Usono" title="Konstitucio de Usono – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Konstitucio de Usono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameriketako_Estatu_Batuetako_Konstituzioa" title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuetako Konstituzioa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuetako Konstituzioa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="قانون اساسی ایالات متحده آمریکا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قانون اساسی ایالات متحده آمریکا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_des_%C3%89tats-Unis" title="Constitution des États-Unis – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Constitution des États-Unis" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bunreacht_na_St%C3%A1t_Aontaithe" title="Bunreacht na Stát Aontaithe – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Bunreacht na Stát Aontaithe" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constituci%C3%B3n_dos_Estados_Unidos_de_Am%C3%A9rica" title="Constitución dos Estados Unidos de América – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Constitución dos Estados Unidos de América" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%88%A9%E5%A0%85%E5%90%88%E7%9C%BE%E5%9C%8B%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95" title="美利堅合眾國憲法 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="美利堅合眾國憲法" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%AE-koet_Hi%C3%A8n-fap" title="Mî-koet Hièn-fap – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Mî-koet Hièn-fap" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%98_%ED%97%8C%EB%B2%95" title="미국의 헌법 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="미국의 헌법" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%84%D5%86_%D5%8D%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%A4%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="ԱՄՆ Սահմանադրություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="ԱՄՆ Սահմանադրություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="संयुक्त राज्य संविधान – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="संयुक्त राज्य संविधान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ustav_Sjedinjenih_Ameri%C4%8Dkih_Dr%C5%BEava" title="Ustav Sjedinjenih Američkih Država – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ustav Sjedinjenih Američkih Država" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstitusi_Amerika_Serikat" title="Konstitusi Amerika Serikat – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Konstitusi Amerika Serikat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stj%C3%B3rnarskr%C3%A1_Bandar%C3%ADkjanna" title="Stjórnarskrá Bandaríkjanna – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Stjórnarskrá Bandaríkjanna" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costituzione_degli_Stati_Uniti_d%27America" title="Costituzione degli Stati Uniti d'America – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Costituzione degli Stati Uniti d'America" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA" title="חוקת ארצות הברית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חוקת ארצות הברית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%A6_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A7%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8" title="ಅಮೇರಿಕ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನದ ಸಂವಿಧಾನ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅಮೇರಿಕ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನದ ಸಂವಿಧಾನ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ამერიკის შეერთებული შტატების კონსტიტუცია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ამერიკის შეერთებული შტატების კონსტიტუცია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D2%9A%D0%A8_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" title="АҚШ Конституциясы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="АҚШ Конституциясы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korf_Lagha_an_Statys_Unys" title="Korf Lagha an Statys Unys – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Korf Lagha an Statys Unys" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitutio_Civitatum_Foederatarum_Americae" title="Constitutio Civitatum Foederatarum Americae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Constitutio Civitatum Foederatarum Americae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASV_Konstit%C5%ABcija" title="ASV Konstitūcija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="ASV Konstitūcija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jungtini%C5%B3_Amerikos_Valstij%C5%B3_Konstitucija" title="Jungtinių Amerikos Valstijų Konstitucija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Jungtinių Amerikos Valstijų Konstitucija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costituzion_di_Stat_Unii" title="Costituzion di Stat Unii – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Costituzion di Stat Unii" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Az_Amerikai_Egyes%C3%BClt_%C3%81llamok_alkotm%C3%A1nya" title="Az Amerikai Egyesült Államok alkotmánya – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Az Amerikai Egyesült Államok alkotmánya" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Устав на Соединетите Американски Држави – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Устав на Соединетите Американски Држави" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="अमेरिकेचे संविधान – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अमेरिकेचे संविधान" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8-%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ააშ-იშ კონსტიტუცია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ააშ-იშ კონსტიტუცია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7" title="دستور امريكا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="دستور امريكا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perlembagaan_Amerika_Syarikat" title="Perlembagaan Amerika Syarikat – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perlembagaan Amerika Syarikat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%9D%D0%A3-%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D2%AE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D1%85%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="АНУ-ын Үндсэн хууль – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="АНУ-ын Үндсэн хууль" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grondwet_van_de_Verenigde_Staten" title="Grondwet van de Verenigde Staten – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Grondwet van de Verenigde Staten" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकाको संविधान – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकाको संविधान" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E5%90%88%E8%A1%86%E5%9B%BD%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95" title="アメリカ合衆国憲法 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アメリカ合衆国憲法" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/USAs_grunnlov" title="USAs grunnlov – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="USAs grunnlov" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_amerikanske_grunnloven" title="Den amerikanske grunnloven – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Den amerikanske grunnloven" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitucion_dels_Estats_Units" title="Constitucion dels Estats Units – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Constitucion dels Estats Units" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/AQSh_Konstitutsiyasi" title="AQSh Konstitutsiyasi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="AQSh Konstitutsiyasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%A4_%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A7%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="ਸੰਯੁਕਤ ਰਾਜ ਦਾ ਸੰਵਿਧਾਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸੰਯੁਕਤ ਰਾਜ ਦਾ ਸੰਵਿਧਾਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%92_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%DB%81_%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7_%D8%AF%D8%A7_%D8%A2%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%86" title="ریاستہائے متحدہ امریکا دا آئین – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ریاستہائے متحدہ امریکا دا آئین" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86" title="د متحده ایالاتو اساسي قانون – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د متحده ایالاتو اساسي قانون" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstytucja_Stan%C3%B3w_Zjednoczonych" title="Konstytucja Stanów Zjednoczonych – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Konstytucja Stanów Zjednoczonych" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitui%C3%A7%C3%A3o_dos_Estados_Unidos" title="Constituição dos Estados Unidos – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Constituição dos Estados Unidos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitu%C8%9Bia_Statelor_Unite_ale_Americii" title="Constituția Statelor Unite ale Americii – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Constituția Statelor Unite ale Americii" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Конституция США – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Конституция США" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BEh%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%A8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Америка Холбоhуктаах Штаттарын конституцията – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Америка Холбоhуктаах Штаттарын конституцията" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kushtetuta_e_Shteteve_t%C3%AB_Bashkuara" title="Kushtetuta e Shteteve të Bashkuara – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kushtetuta e Shteteve të Bashkuara" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%91%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%AF_%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%AB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B8_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="එක්සත් ජනපද ආණ්ඩුක්‍රම ව්‍යවස්ථාව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="එක්සත් ජනපද ආණ්ඩුක්‍රම ව්‍යවස්ථාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Astava_Spojen%C3%BDch_%C5%A1t%C3%A1tov" title="Ústava Spojených štátov – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ústava Spojených štátov" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ustava_Zdru%C5%BEenih_dr%C5%BEav_Amerike" title="Ustava Združenih držav Amerike – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ustava Združenih držav Amerike" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%95_%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%88%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="دەستووری ویلایەتە یەکگرتووەکانی ئەمریکا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دەستووری ویلایەتە یەکگرتووەکانی ئەمریکا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%A1%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%9A%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Устав Сједињених Америчких Држава – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Устав Сједињених Америчких Држава" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ustav_Sjedinjenih_Ameri%C4%8Dkih_Dr%C5%BEava" title="Ustav Sjedinjenih Američkih Država – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ustav Sjedinjenih Američkih Država" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yhdysvaltain_perustuslaki" title="Yhdysvaltain perustuslaki – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Yhdysvaltain perustuslaki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA:s_konstitution" title="USA:s konstitution – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="USA:s konstitution" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saligang_Batas_ng_Estados_Unidos" title="Saligang Batas ng Estados Unidos – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Saligang Batas ng Estados Unidos" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%90%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81" title="ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்க அரசியலமைப்பு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஐக்கிய அமெரிக்க அரசியலமைப்பு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE_%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%82" title="అమెరికా రాజ్యాంగం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="అమెరికా రాజ్యాంగం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90" title="รัฐธรรมนูญสหรัฐ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐธรรมนูญสหรัฐ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%80%D2%9B%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%98%D1%91%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Сарқонуни Иёллоти Мутаҳидда – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Сарқонуни Иёллоти Мутаҳидда" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Birle%C5%9Fik_Devletleri_Anayasas%C4%B1" title="Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Anayasası – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Anayasası" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Конституція США – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Конституція США" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%92_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%DB%81_%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7_%DA%A9%D8%A7_%D8%A2%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%86" title="ریاستہائے متحدہ امریکا کا آئین – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ریاستہائے متحدہ امریکا کا آئین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costitusion_dei_Stati_Unii_de_l%27Am%C3%A8rica" title="Costitusion dei Stati Unii de l'Amèrica – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Costitusion dei Stati Unii de l'Amèrica" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hi%E1%BA%BFn_ph%C3%A1p_Hoa_K%E1%BB%B3" title="Hiến pháp Hoa Kỳ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hiến pháp Hoa Kỳ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95" title="美国宪法 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="美国宪法" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Cw%C3%A9-%C3%B2fin_%C3%8Cb%C3%A1gb%C3%A9p%E1%BB%8D%CC%80_Or%C3%ADl%E1%BA%B9%CC%80-%C3%A8d%C3%A8_Am%E1%BA%B9%CC%81r%C3%ADk%C3%A0" title="Ìwé-òfin Ìbágbépọ̀ Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ìwé-òfin Ìbágbépọ̀ Orílẹ̀-èdè Amẹ́ríkà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%86%B2%E6%B3%95" title="美國憲法 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="美國憲法" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95" title="美国宪法 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="美国宪法" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11698#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Change links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Page</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Constitution_of_the_United_States" rel="discussion" title="Discussion about the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_the_United_States&veaction=edit" title="Edit this page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Change</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_the_United_States&action=edit" title="Edit the source code of this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Change source</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_the_United_States&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_the_United_States&veaction=edit" title="Edit this page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Change</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_the_United_States&action=edit" title="Edit the source code of this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Change source</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_the_United_States&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="A list of all wiki pages that link here [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Constitution_of_the_United_States" rel="nofollow" title="New changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_the_United_States&oldid=9858788" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_the_United_States&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Constitution_of_the_United_States&id=9858788&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FConstitution_of_the_United_States"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FConstitution_of_the_United_States"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Constitution+of+the+United+States"><span>Make a book</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Constitution_of_the_United_States&action=show-download-screen"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_the_United_States&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Page for printing</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/United_States_Constitution" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11698" title="Link to connected data repository item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9671799">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"US Constitution" redirects here. For the ship, see <a href="/wiki/USS_Constitution" title="USS Constitution">USS Constitution</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9122542">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7846683">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:#f8f9fa;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:720px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9122542"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9122542"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9122542"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9122542"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9122542"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks vcard hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_Constitution" title="Category:United States Constitution">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Constitution">Constitution of the<br />United States of America</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/110px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/165px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/220px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="451" data-file-height="476" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:lavender;"> Preamble and Articles<br />of the Constitution</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Preamble_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Preamble to the United States Constitution">Preamble</a></b></li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Article One of the United States Constitution">I</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Article_Two_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Article Two of the United States Constitution">II</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Article_Three_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Article Three of the United States Constitution">III</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Article_Four_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Article Four of the United States Constitution">IV</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Article_Five_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Article Five of the United States Constitution">V</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Article_Six_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Article Six of the United States Constitution">VI</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Article_Seven_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Article Seven of the United States Constitution">VII</a></b></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:lavender;"> Amendments to the Constitution</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bill_of_Rights" title="United States Bill of Rights">Bill of Rights</a></b></li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="First Amendment to the United States Constitution">I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Second Amendment to the United States Constitution">II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Third Amendment to the United States Constitution">III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution">IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution">V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution">VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Seventh Amendment to the United States Constitution">VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution">VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Ninth Amendment to the United States Constitution">IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">X</a></li></ul> </div> <hr /> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eleventh_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Eleventh Amendment to the United States Constitution">XI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution">XII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">XIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">XIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">XV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">XVI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventeenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">XVII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">XVIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nineteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">XIX</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution">XX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-first_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-first Amendment to the United States Constitution">XXI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-second_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution">XXII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-third_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution">XXIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-fourth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution">XXIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-fifth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution">XXV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-sixth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution">XXVI</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-seventh_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-seventh Amendment to the United States Constitution">XXVII</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:lavender;"> Proposed Amendments</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Apportionment_Amendment" title="Congressional Apportionment Amendment">Congressional Apportionment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titles_of_Nobility_Amendment" title="Titles of Nobility Amendment">Titles of Nobility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corwin_Amendment" title="Corwin Amendment">Corwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_Labor_Amendment" title="Child Labor Amendment">Child Labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equal_Rights_Amendment" title="Equal Rights Amendment">Equal Rights</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_Voting_Rights_Amendment" title="District of Columbia Voting Rights Amendment">D.C. Voting Rights</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:lavender;"> History</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="History of the United States Constitution">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Articles_of_Confederation" title="Articles of Confederation">Articles of Confederation</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Convention_(United_States)" title="Constitutional Convention (United States)">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_the_United_States" title="Federalism in the United States">Federalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_the_United_States" title="Republicanism in the United States">Republicanism</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:lavender;"> Full text of the Constitution and Amendments</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="https://simple.wikisource.org/wiki/en:Constitution_of_the_United_States_of_America" class="extiw" title="s:en:Constitution of the United States of America">Preamble & Articles I–VII</a></li> <li><a href="https://simple.wikisource.org/wiki/en:United_States_Bill_of_Rights" class="extiw" title="s:en:United States Bill of Rights">Amendments I–X</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="https://simple.wikisource.org/wiki/en:Additional_amendments_to_the_United_States_Constitution" class="extiw" title="s:en:Additional amendments to the United States Constitution">Amendments XI–XXVII</a></li> <li><a href="https://simple.wikisource.org/wiki/en:Portal:Unsuccessful_attempts_to_amend_the_United_States_Constitution" class="extiw" title="s:en:Portal:Unsuccessful attempts to amend the United States Constitution">Unratified Amendments</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="padding-top:0;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9122447">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Constitution_article_series" title="Template:US Constitution article series"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:US_Constitution_article_series&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:US Constitution article series (not yet started)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:US_Constitution_article_series&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>United States Constitution</b> is the highest <a href="/wiki/Law" title="Law">law</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States of America</a>. It was signed on <a href="/wiki/September_17" title="September 17">September 17</a>, <a href="/wiki/1787" title="1787">1787</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Convention_(United_States)" title="Constitutional Convention (United States)">Constitutional Convention</a> in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia,_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Philadelphia, Pennsylvania">Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</a>. Later, it was put into effect, or <a href="/wiki/Ratification" title="Ratification">ratified</a>, by <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives" title="House of Representatives">representatives</a> of the people of the first 13 <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">states</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When nine of the states ratified the document, they created a <a href="/wiki/Federal_republic" title="Federal republic">union</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">sovereign</a> states, and a federal <a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">government</a> for that union. That government started on <a href="/wiki/March_4" title="March 4">March 4</a>, <a href="/wiki/1789" title="1789">1789</a>, which took the place of the <a href="/wiki/Articles_of_Confederation" title="Articles of Confederation">Articles of Confederation</a>. </p><p>The Constitution of the United States is the oldest <a href="/wiki/Federal_republic" title="Federal republic">federal</a> constitution now in use.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of all the countries in the world, only <a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino">San Marino</a>'s constitution is <i>in part</i> older, from 1600. Some countries also have an "uncodified" constitution containing older documents, such as the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, and also <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>, which claims the <a href="/wiki/Quran" class="mw-redirect" title="Quran">Quran</a> as its constitution. </p><p>Since 1787, changes have been made to the United States Constitution 27 times by <a href="/wiki/Amendment" title="Amendment">amendments</a> (changes). The first ten of these amendments are together called the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Bill_of_Rights" title="United States Bill of Rights">Bill of Rights</a> and came into effect in 1791. The most recent, the 27th amendment, came into effect in 1992, although it was proposed already in 1789. Making an amendment is very difficult, and demands a two-thirds majority vote in <a href="/wiki/US_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="US Congress">US Congress</a> and ratification (agreement) by three-fourths of all 50 states. However, the Supreme Court has changed its interpretation of the constitution, which in effect changes what the text means and how it affects other laws, more often than actual amendments. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Articles_of_the_Constitution">Articles of the Constitution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_the_United_States&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: Articles of the Constitution" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_the_United_States&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Articles of the Constitution"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When it was signed in 1787, the Constitution had a <a href="/wiki/Preamble" title="Preamble">preamble</a> and seven main parts, called articles. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Preamble">Preamble</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_the_United_States&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: Preamble" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_the_United_States&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Preamble"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Preamble_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Preamble to the United States Constitution">The Preamble</a> states: </p> <dl><dd><i>We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.</i></dd></dl> <p>The Preamble is not a law. It gives the reasons for writing the Constitution. The Preamble is one of the best-known parts of the Constitution. The first three words, "We the People", are used very often. The six intentions that are listed are the goals of the Constitution. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legislative_power">Legislative power</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_the_United_States&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Change section: Legislative power" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_the_United_States&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Legislative power"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Article One of the United States Constitution">Article One</a></b> says that the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Congress of the United States">United States Congress</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_branch" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislative branch">legislative branch</a>) will make the <a href="/wiki/Law" title="Law">laws</a> for the United States. Congress has <a href="/wiki/Bicameral" title="Bicameral">two parts</a>, called "Houses": the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a>. This Article says who can be <a href="/wiki/Election" title="Election">elected</a> to each part of Congress, and how they are elected. </p><p>The House of Representatives has members elected by the people in each <a href="/wiki/States_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="States of the United States">State.</a> The number of members from each State depends on how many people live there. Each member of the House of Representatives is elected for two years. </p><p>The Senate has two members, called the legislators, from each state, no matter how many people live there. Each Senator is elected for six years. The original Constitution allowed the <a href="/wiki/State_legislature" class="mw-redirect" title="State legislature">state legislatures</a> to choose the Senators, but this was changed later by the <a href="/wiki/Seventeenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Seventeenth Amendment</a>. </p><p>Article One also says how the Congress will do its business and what kinds of laws it can make. It lists some kinds of laws the Congress and the states cannot make. </p><p>Article One also makes rules for Congress to <a href="/wiki/Impeachment" title="Impeachment">impeach</a> and remove from office the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judge" title="Judge">judges</a>, and other government officers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Executive_power">Executive power</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_the_United_States&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Change section: Executive power" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_the_United_States&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Executive power"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Article_Two_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Article Two of the United States Constitution">Article Two</a></b> says that the President, Vice President, and <a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_executive_departments" title="United States federal executive departments">executive offices</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Executive_branch" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive branch">executive branch</a>) will carry out the laws made by Congress. This article says how the President and Vice President are elected, and who can be elected to these offices. The President and Vice President are elected for four years by a special <a href="/wiki/Electoral_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Electoral College">Electoral College</a> chosen by the states. The Vice President takes over as President if the President dies, <a href="/wiki/Resignation" title="Resignation">resigns</a>, or is unable to serve. </p><p>Article Two also says that the President is the <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-Chief" title="Commander-in-Chief">Commander-in-Chief</a> in charge of the <a href="/wiki/Military_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of the United States">United States military</a>. He can make <a href="/wiki/Treaty" title="Treaty">treaties</a> with other countries, but these must be approved by two-thirds of the Senate. He appoints <a href="/wiki/Judge" title="Judge">judges</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ambassador" title="Ambassador">ambassadors</a>, and other <a href="/wiki/Officer" title="Officer">officers</a>, but the Senate also must approve these appointments. The President can also <a href="/wiki/Veto" title="Veto">veto</a> <a href="/wiki/Bill_(proposed_law)" title="Bill (proposed law)">bills</a>. However, Congress can override the veto and make the bill into a law anyway. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Judicial_power">Judicial power</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_the_United_States&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Change section: Judicial power" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_the_United_States&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Judicial power"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Article_Three_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Article Three of the United States Constitution">Article Three</a></b> says there will be a <a href="/wiki/Court" title="Court">court</a> system (the <a href="/wiki/Judicial_branch" class="mw-redirect" title="Judicial branch">judicial branch</a>), which includes the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court</a>. The Article says that Congress can decide which federal courts, besides the Supreme Court, are needed. </p><p>Article Three says what kinds of "cases and <a href="/wiki/Controversy" title="Controversy">controversies</a>" these courts can decide. It also requires trial by <a href="/wiki/Jury" title="Jury">jury</a> in all <a href="/wiki/Criminal_procedure" title="Criminal procedure">criminal</a> cases, and <a href="/wiki/Definition" title="Definition">defines</a> the <a href="/wiki/Crime" title="Crime">crime</a> of <a href="/wiki/Treason" title="Treason">treason</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="States'_powers_and_limits"><span id="States.27_powers_and_limits"></span>States' powers and limits</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_the_United_States&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Change section: States' powers and limits" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_the_United_States&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: States' powers and limits"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Article_Four_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Article Four of the United States Constitution">Article Four</a></b> is about the states. It says that all states must give "full faith and credit" to the laws of the other states. It also says that state governments must treat citizens of other states as fairly as they treat their own citizens, and must <a href="/wiki/Extradition" title="Extradition">send arrested people back</a> if they have been charged with a crime in another state and fled. </p><p>Article Four also says that Congress can make new states. There were only 13 states in 1787. Now there are 50 United States. It says Congress can make rules for Federal <a href="/wiki/Property" title="Property">property</a> and can govern <a href="/wiki/Territory" title="Territory">territories</a> that have not yet been made into states. Article Four says the United States must make sure that each state has a <a href="/wiki/Republicanism" title="Republicanism">republican</a> form of government, and protect the states from <a href="/wiki/Invasion" title="Invasion">invasion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Violence" title="Violence">violence</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Process_of_amendment">Process of amendment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_the_United_States&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Change section: Process of amendment" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_the_United_States&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Process of amendment"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Article_Five_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Article Five of the United States Constitution">Article Five</a></b> gives two ways to amend, or change, the Constitution. </p> <ol><li>Congress can write a change, if two-thirds of the members in each House agree.</li> <li>The state governments can call a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitutional_convention&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constitutional convention (not yet started)">convention</a> to write changes, although this has <b>not</b> happened since 1787.</li></ol> <p>Any change that is written by Congress or by a convention must be sent to the state <a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">legislatures</a> or to state conventions for their approval. Congress decides whether to send a change to the legislatures or to conventions. Three-fourths of the states must approve a change for it to become part of the Constitution. </p><p>An amendment can change any part of the Constitution, except one—no amendment can change the rule that each state has an equal number of Senators in the United States Senate. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Federal_power">Federal power</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_the_United_States&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Change section: Federal power" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_the_United_States&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Federal power"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Article_Six_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Article Six of the United States Constitution">Article Six</a></b> says that the Constitution, and the laws and treaties of the United States, are higher than any other laws. It also says that all federal and state officers must swear to "support" the Constitution. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ratification">Ratification</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_the_United_States&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Change section: Ratification" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_the_United_States&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Ratification"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Article_Seven_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Article Seven of the United States Constitution">Article Seven</a></b> says that the new government under the Constitution would not start conventions until at least nine states approved the Constitution. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Amendments">Amendments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_the_United_States&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Change section: Amendments" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_the_United_States&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Amendments"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since 1787, Congress has written 33 amendments to change the Constitution, but the states have ratified only 27 of them. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bill_of_Rights">Bill of Rights</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_the_United_States&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Change section: Bill of Rights" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_the_United_States&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Bill of Rights"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first ten amendments are called the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Bill_of_Rights" title="United States Bill of Rights">Bill of Rights</a>. They were argued over during the Constitutional Convention of 1787, but it was not until 1791 that they were ratified by two-thirds of the states.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These ten additions or changes all limited the power of the federal government. They are: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Number</th> <th>Year</th> <th>Description </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/First_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="First Amendment to the United States Constitution">1st</a> </td> <td>1791 </td> <td>Congress must protect the rights of <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech" title="Freedom of speech">freedom of speech</a>, <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_press" title="Freedom of the press">freedom of the press</a>, <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_assembly" title="Freedom of assembly">freedom of assembly</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Freedom_of_petition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Freedom of petition (not yet started)">freedom of petition</a>. Congress cannot create a <a href="/wiki/National_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="National religion">national religion</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Second_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Second Amendment to the United States Constitution">2nd</a> </td> <td>1791 </td> <td>"A well regulated <a href="/wiki/Militia" title="Militia">Militia</a> being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear <a href="/wiki/Weapon" title="Weapon">arms</a>, shall not be infringed."<i> - People have the right to keep and carry <a href="/wiki/Weapon" title="Weapon">weapons</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Gun" title="Gun">guns</a>.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Third_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Third Amendment to the United States Constitution">3rd</a> </td> <td>1791 </td> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">government</a> cannot send <a href="/wiki/Soldier" title="Soldier">soldiers</a> to live in private homes without the permission of the owners. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution">4th</a> </td> <td>1791 </td> <td>The government cannot get a <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/warrant" class="extiw" title="wikt:warrant">warrant</a> to <a href="/wiki/Arrest" title="Arrest">arrest</a> a person or search their <a href="/wiki/Property" title="Property">property</a> unless there is "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Probable_cause&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Probable cause (not yet started)">probable cause</a>" to believe a <a href="/wiki/Crime" title="Crime">crime</a> has been committed. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution">5th</a> </td> <td>1791 </td> <td>The government cannot put a person on <a href="/wiki/Trial" title="Trial">trial</a> for a <a href="/wiki/Felony" class="mw-redirect" title="Felony">serious</a> <a href="/wiki/Crime" title="Crime">crime</a> until a <a href="/wiki/Grand_jury" title="Grand jury">grand jury</a> has written an <a href="/wiki/Indictment" title="Indictment">indictment</a>. If a person is found not guilty in a trial, they cannot be put on trial again for the same crime. The government must follow <a href="/wiki/Due_process" title="Due process">due process</a> of <a href="/wiki/Law" title="Law">law</a> before <a href="/wiki/Punishment" title="Punishment">punishing</a> a person or taking their property. A person on trial for a crime does not have to testify against himself in <a href="/wiki/Court" title="Court">court</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution">6th</a> </td> <td>1791 </td> <td>Any person who is accused of a crime should get a speedy trial by a <a href="/wiki/Jury" title="Jury">jury</a>. That person can have a <a href="/wiki/Lawyer" title="Lawyer">lawyer</a> during the trial. They must be told what they are charged with. The person can question the <a href="/wiki/Witness" title="Witness">witnesses</a> against them, and can get their own <a href="/wiki/Witness" title="Witness">witnesses</a> to testify. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Seventh_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Seventh Amendment to the United States Constitution">7th</a> </td> <td>1791 </td> <td>A jury trial is needed for <a href="/wiki/Civil_law" title="Civil law">civil</a> <a href="/wiki/Lawsuit" title="Lawsuit">cases</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Eighth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution">8th</a> </td> <td>1791 </td> <td>The government cannot require excessive <a href="/wiki/Bail" title="Bail">bail</a> or <a href="/wiki/Fines" class="mw-redirect" title="Fines">fines</a>, or any <a href="/wiki/Cruel_and_unusual_punishment" title="Cruel and unusual punishment">cruel and unusual punishment</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ninth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Ninth Amendment to the United States Constitution">9th</a> </td> <td>1791 </td> <td>The listing of individual rights in the Constitution and Bill of Rights does not include all of the rights of the people and the <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">states</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">10th</a> </td> <td>1791 </td> <td>Anything that the Constitution does not say Congress can do should be left up to the states, or to the people. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_Amendments">Later Amendments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_the_United_States&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Change section: Later Amendments" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_the_United_States&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Later Amendments"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the Bill of Rights, there are 17 more changes to the Constitution that were made at different times. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Number</th> <th>Year</th> <th>Description </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Eleventh_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Eleventh Amendment to the United States Constitution">11th</a> </td> <td>1795 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Citizen" class="mw-redirect" title="Citizen">Citizens</a> cannot <a href="/wiki/Lawsuit" title="Lawsuit">sue</a> states in federal courts. There are some exceptions. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution">12th</a> </td> <td>1804 </td> <td>Changed the way the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a> are <a href="/wiki/Election" title="Election">elected</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">13th</a> </td> <td>1865 </td> <td>Ended <a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">slavery</a> in the United States. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">14th</a> </td> <td>1868 </td> <td>Every person born in the United States is a <a href="/wiki/Citizen" class="mw-redirect" title="Citizen">citizen</a>. States must follow due process of law before taking away any citizen's rights or property. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fifteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">15th</a> </td> <td>1870 </td> <td>A citizen's right to vote cannot be taken away because of <a href="/wiki/Race_(sociology)" title="Race (sociology)">race</a>, the color of their skin, or because they used to be slaves. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sixteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">16th</a> </td> <td>1913 </td> <td>Congress can put a <a href="/wiki/Tax" title="Tax">tax</a> on <a href="/wiki/Income" title="Income">income</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Seventeenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">17th</a> </td> <td>1913 </td> <td>The people will elect <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senators</a>. Before this, Senators were elected by state <a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">legislatures</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">18th</a> </td> <td>1919 </td> <td>Made a law against <a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_drink" title="Alcoholic drink">drinking alcohol</a>, called <a href="/wiki/Prohibition" class="mw-redirect" title="Prohibition">Prohibition</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nineteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">19th</a> </td> <td>1920 </td> <td>Gave <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage" title="Women's suffrage">women the right to vote</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution">20th</a> </td> <td>1933 </td> <td>Changed the days for meetings of Congress and for the start of the President's term of office. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Twenty-first_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-first Amendment to the United States Constitution">21st</a> </td> <td>1933 </td> <td>Ended the Prohibition law of the Eighteenth Amendment. States can make laws about how alcohol is used in each state. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Twenty-second_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution">22nd</a> </td> <td>1951 </td> <td>A person may not be elected President more than two times. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Twenty-third_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution">23rd</a> </td> <td>1961 </td> <td>Gave the people in the <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">District of Columbia</a> the right to vote for President. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Twenty-fourth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution">24th</a> </td> <td>1964 </td> <td>Made it <a href="/wiki/Legal" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal">illegal</a> to make anyone pay a tax to have the right to vote. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Twenty-fifth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution">25th</a> </td> <td>1967 </td> <td>Changes what happens if a President dies, resigns, or is not able to do the job. Says what happens if a Vice President dies or resigns. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Twenty-sixth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution">26th</a> </td> <td>1971 </td> <td>Makes 18 years old the <a href="/wiki/Maximum_and_minimum" title="Maximum and minimum">minimum</a> age for people to be allowed to vote. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Twenty-seventh_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-seventh Amendment to the United States Constitution">27th</a> </td> <td>1992 </td> <td>Limits how Congress can increase how much its members are paid. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_pages">Related pages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_the_United_States&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Change section: Related pages" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_the_United_States&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Related pages"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Related_documents">Related documents</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_the_United_States&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Change section: Related documents" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_the_United_States&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Related documents"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mayflower_Compact" title="Mayflower Compact">Mayflower Compact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamental_Orders_of_Connecticut" title="Fundamental Orders of Connecticut">Fundamental Orders of Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massachusetts_Body_of_Liberties&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Massachusetts Body of Liberties (not yet started)">Massachusetts Body of Liberties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Bill_of_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="English Bill of Rights">English Bill of Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Papers" title="Federalist Papers">Federalist Papers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bill_of_Rights" title="United States Bill of Rights">United States Bill of Rights</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Related_Authors">Related Authors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_the_United_States&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Change section: Related Authors" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_the_United_States&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Related Authors"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton" title="Alexander Hamilton">Alexander Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gouverneur_Morris" title="Gouverneur Morris">Gouverneur Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Jay" title="John Jay">John Jay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">James Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Marshall" title="John Marshall">John Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Paine" title="Thomas Paine">Thomas Paine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_the_United_States&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_the_United_States&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAmar2005" class="citation book cs1">Amar, Akhil Reed (2005). "In the Beginning". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americasconstitu00akhi"><i>America's Constitution: A Biography</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>: Random House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4000-6262-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-4000-6262-4"><bdi>1-4000-6262-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=In+the+Beginning&rft.btitle=America%27s+Constitution%3A+A+Biography&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1-4000-6262-4&rft.aulast=Amar&rft.aufirst=Akhil+Reed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famericasconstitu00akhi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+of+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Bailyn, Bernard, ed. <i>The Debate on the Constitution: Federalist and Antifederalist Speeches, Articles, and Letters During the Struggle for Ratification</i>. Part One: September 1787 to February 1788 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loa.org">The Library of America</a>, 1993) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-940450-42-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-940450-42-9">0-940450-42-9</a></li> <li>Bailyn, Bernard, ed. <i>The Debate on the Constitution: Federalist and Antifederalist Speeches, Articles, and Letters During the Struggle for Ratification</i>. Part Two: January to August 1788 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.loa.org">The Library of America</a>, 1993) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-940450-64-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-940450-64-X">0-940450-64-X</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFEdling2003" class="citation book cs1">Edling, Max M. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/revolutioninfavo0000edli"><i>A Revolution in Favor of Government: Origins of the U.S. Constitution and the Making of the American State</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-514870-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-514870-3"><bdi>0-19-514870-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Revolution+in+Favor+of+Government%3A+Origins+of+the+U.S.+Constitution+and+the+Making+of+the+American+State&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-19-514870-3&rft.aulast=Edling&rft.aufirst=Max+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frevolutioninfavo0000edli&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+of+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFEllis2002" class="citation book cs1">Ellis, Joseph (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/foundingbrothers0000elli_z7h9"><i>Founding Brothers: The Revolutionary Generation</i></a>. Vintage. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-375-70524-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-375-70524-4"><bdi>0-375-70524-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Founding+Brothers%3A+The+Revolutionary+Generation&rft.pub=Vintage&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-375-70524-4&rft.aulast=Ellis&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffoundingbrothers0000elli_z7h9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+of+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFFallon2004" class="citation book cs1">Fallon, Richard H. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dynamicconstitut0000fall"><i>The Dynamic Constitution: An Introduction to American Constitutional Law</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-84094-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-84094-5"><bdi>0-521-84094-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dynamic+Constitution%3A+An+Introduction+to+American+Constitutional+Law&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-521-84094-5&rft.aulast=Fallon&rft.aufirst=Richard+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdynamicconstitut0000fall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+of+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFFarris2005" class="citation journal cs1">Farris, Michael P. (July–August 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060818135919/http://www.hslda.org/courtreport/V21N4/V21N401.asp">"Through the Founders' Eyes: Was the Constitution Illegally Adopted?"</a>. <i>The Home School Court Report</i>. <b>21</b> (4): 6–10. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hslda.org/courtreport/V21N4/V21N401.asp">the original</a> on 2006-08-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-09-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Home+School+Court+Report&rft.atitle=Through+the+Founders%27+Eyes%3A+Was+the+Constitution+Illegally+Adopted%3F&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=6-10&rft.date=2005-07%2F2005-08&rft.aulast=Farris&rft.aufirst=Michael+P.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hslda.org%2Fcourtreport%2FV21N4%2FV21N401.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+of+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span> excerpt from (to be published) <i>Constitutional Law for Enlightened Citizens</i>.</li> <li>Finkelman, Paul "Affirmative Action for the Master Class: The Creation of the Proslavery Constitution," <i>University of Akron Law Review</i> 32 (No. 3, 1999): 423-70.</li> <li>Finkelman, Paul <i>Slavery and the Founders: Race and Slavery in the Age of Jefferson</i> (Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe, 1996);</li> <li>Finkelman, Paul "Slavery and the Constitution: Making a Covenant with Death," in Richard R. Beeman, Stephen Botein, and Edward C., Carter, II, eds., <i>Beyond Confederation: Origins of the Constitution and American National Identity</i> (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1987);</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFHall1984" class="citation book cs1">Hall, Kermit L. (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/comprehensivebib0005hall"><i>A Comprehensive Bibliography of American Constitutional and Legal History, 1896-1979</i></a>. Millwood, N. Y.: Kraus International. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-527-37408-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-527-37408-3"><bdi>0-527-37408-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Comprehensive+Bibliography+of+American+Constitutional+and+Legal+History%2C+1896-1979&rft.place=Millwood%2C+N.+Y.&rft.pub=Kraus+International&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=0-527-37408-3&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=Kermit+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcomprehensivebib0005hall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+of+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFKammen1986" class="citation book cs1">Kammen, Michael (1986). <i>A Machine that Would Go of Itself: The Constitution in American Culture</i>. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-394-52905-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-394-52905-7"><bdi>0-394-52905-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Machine+that+Would+Go+of+Itself%3A+The+Constitution+in+American+Culture&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Alfred+A.+Knopf&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0-394-52905-7&rft.aulast=Kammen&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+of+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFKelly,_Alfred_HinseyHarbison,_Winfred_AudifBelz,_Herman1991" class="citation book cs1">Kelly, Alfred Hinsey; Harbison, Winfred Audif; Belz, Herman (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americanconstitu0000kell_s1p3"><i>The American Constitution: its origins and development</i></a> (7th ed.). New York: Norton & Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-393-96119-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-393-96119-2"><bdi>0-393-96119-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+American+Constitution%3A+its+origins+and+development&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=7th&rft.pub=Norton+%26+Co&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-393-96119-2&rft.au=Kelly%2C+Alfred+Hinsey&rft.au=Harbison%2C+Winfred+Audif&rft.au=Belz%2C+Herman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famericanconstitu0000kell_s1p3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+of+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFLevy,_Leonard_W.2000" class="citation book cs1">Levy, Leonard W., ed. (2000). <i>Encyclopedia of the American Constitution</i> (2nd ed.). New York: Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-02-864880-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-02-864880-3"><bdi>0-02-864880-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+American+Constitution&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-02-864880-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+of+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurgood_Marshall" title="Thurgood Marshall">Marshall, Thurgood</a>, "The Constitution: A Living Document," <i>Howard Law Journal</i> 1987: 623-28.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFMazzone2005" class="citation journal cs1">Mazzone, Jason (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ssrn.com/abstract=831927">"The Creation of a Constitutional Culture"</a>. <i>Tulsa Law Review</i>. <b>40</b> (4): 671.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tulsa+Law+Review&rft.atitle=The+Creation+of+a+Constitutional+Culture&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=671&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Mazzone&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fssrn.com%2Fabstract%3D831927&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+of+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFSmith,_Jean_EdwardLevine,_Herbert_M.1988" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Jean Edward; Levine, Herbert M. (1988). <i>Civil Liberties & Civil Rights Debated</i>. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Civil+Liberties+%26+Civil+Rights+Debated&rft.place=Englewood+Cliffs%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pub=Prentice+Hall&rft.date=1988&rft.au=Smith%2C+Jean+Edward&rft.au=Levine%2C+Herbert+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+of+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1996" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Jean Edward (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/johnmarshalldefi0000smit"><i>John Marshall: Definer Of A Nation</i></a>. New York: Henry Holt & Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+Marshall%3A+Definer+Of+A+Nation&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Henry+Holt+%26+Company&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Jean+Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjohnmarshalldefi0000smit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+of+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1989" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Jean Edward (1989). <i>The Constitution And American Foreign Policy</i>. St. Paul, MN: West Publishing Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Constitution+And+American+Foreign+Policy&rft.place=St.+Paul%2C+MN&rft.pub=West+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Jean+Edward&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+of+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Wiecek, William M., "The Witch at the Christening: Slavery and the Constitution's Origins," Leonard W. Levy and Dennis J. Mahoney, eds., <i>The Framing and Ratification of the Constitution</i> (New York: Macmillan, 1987), 178-84.</li> <li>Wiecek, William M., "'The Blessings of Liberty': Slavery in the American Constitutional Order," in Robert A. Goldman and Art Kaufman, eds., <i>Slavery and Its Consequences: The Constitution, Equality, and Race</i> (Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute, 1988), 23-34.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_websites">Other websites</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_the_United_States&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Change section: Other websites" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_the_United_States&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Other websites"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9671870">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9671876">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r8662964">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original writing related to this article: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Constitution_of_the_United_States" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Special:Search/Constitution of the United States">Constitution of the United States</a></b></div></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9671870"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9671876"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8662964"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/80px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">The English <a href="/wiki/Wikibooks" title="Wikibooks">Wikibook</a> <i><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/United_States_Government" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:United States Government">United States Government</a></i> has more information on: <div style="margin-left:10px;"><i><b><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/United_States_Government/The_Annotated_Constitution_of_the_United_States" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:United States Government/The Annotated Constitution of the United States">The Annotated Constitution of the United States</a></b></i></div></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9671870"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9671876"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8662964"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: <i><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/q:Special:Search/Constitution_of_the_United_States" class="extiw" title="en:q:Special:Search/Constitution of the United States">Constitution of the United States</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9671870"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9671876"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8662964"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:United_States_Constitution" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:United States Constitution"><span style="">United States Constitution</span></a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_Archives">National Archives</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_the_United_States&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Change section: National Archives" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_the_United_States&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: National Archives"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archives.gov/national-archives-experience/charters/constitution.html">The National Archives Experience — Constitution of the United States</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archives.gov/national-archives-experience/charters/charters_downloads.html">The National Archives Experience — High Resolution Downloads of the Charters of Freedom</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archives.gov/national-archives-experience/charters/constitution_transcript.html">Full text of U.S. Constitution</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archives.gov/national-archives-experience/charters/bill_of_rights_transcript.html">Full text of The Bill of Rights</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archives.gov/national-archives-experience/charters/constitution_amendments_11-27.html">Full text of the amendments</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Official_U.S._government_sources">Official U.S. government sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_the_United_States&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Change section: Official U.S. government sources" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_the_United_States&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Official U.S. government sources"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gpoaccess.gov/constitution/index.html">Analysis and Interpretation of the Constitution of the United States</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061206000614/http://www.gpoaccess.gov/constitution/index.html">Archived</a> 2006-12-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>: Annotated constitution, with descriptions of important cases (official publication of U.S. Senate)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/Constitution.html">United States Constitution and related resources</a>: Library of Congress</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html">CIA World Fact Book</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150706193812/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html">Archived</a> 2015-07-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-government_web_sites">Non-government web sites</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_the_United_States&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Change section: Non-government web sites" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_the_United_States&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Non-government web sites"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reocities.com/johnfkosanke/USConstitutionBasic.html">US Constitution</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link since January 2021">permanent dead link</span></a></i>]</span></sup> in basic English</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sites.google.com/view/car-accident-lawyer/usa-law-dictionary">US Law Dictionary</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060812013117/http://www.aboutlaw.com/dictionary/index.htm">Archived</a> 2006-08-12 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mp3books.com/shop/audio_item.aspx?id=818">Audio version of US Constitution</a>: free mp3 download</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.constitution.org/">The Constitution Society</a>: Research and public education on the principles of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.constitution.org/constit_.htm#con4.4">constitutional republican government</a> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.constitution.org/cons/constitu.htm">Text of the constitution</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070304121708/http://www.constitution.org/cons/constitu.htm">Archived</a> 2007-03-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/index.php/Constitutional_law">Law about...the Constitution</a>: An overview of constitutional law from the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_Information_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Legal Information Institute (not yet started)">Legal Information Institute</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usconstitution.net">The U.S. Constitution Online</a>: Full text of Constitution, with some history and annotation</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usconstitution.net/constamrat.html">The U.S. Constitution Online: Record of ratifications by states</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.constitutioncenter.org/">National Constitution Center in Philadelphia</a>: Museum and education center</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ericdigests.org/pre-926/constitution.htm">Education on the U.S. Constitution. ERIC Digest No. 39.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210417173453/http://www.ericdigests.org/pre-926/constitution.htm">Archived</a> 2021-04-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>: Study on the treatment of the Constitution in public education</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://librivox.org/the-constitution-of-the-united-states-of-america-1787/">Free audiobook</a> from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://librivox.org">librivox.org</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/anncon/">Annotated Constitution</a> by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Congressional_Research_Service&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Congressional Research Service (not yet started)">Congressional Research Service</a> of the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>(hyperlinked version published by <a href="/w/index.php?title=LII&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LII (not yet started)">LII</a>)</li> <li>Audio narration (mp3) of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanaphonic.com/Constitution/Constitution.html">The United States Constitution</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070116054831/http://www.americanaphonic.com/Constitution/Constitution.html">Archived</a> 2007-01-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at Americana Phonic</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.riapress.com/riapress/product.lasso?productid=134">Free typeset PDF ebook of the Constitution and the Bill of Rights, optimized for printing</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070211222420/http://www.riapress.com/riapress/product.lasso?productid=134">Archived</a> 2007-02-11 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Activist/advocacy_web_sites"><span id="Activist.2Fadvocacy_web_sites"></span>Activist/advocacy web sites</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_the_United_States&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Change section: Activist/advocacy web sites" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_the_United_States&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Activist/advocacy web sites"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smallgovtimes.com/">SmallGovTimes.com</a>: Site advocating small government and strict constitutional construction</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thirty-thousand.org/">Thirty-Thousand.org</a>: Site advocating an increase in the size of the House of Representatives.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.krusch.com/real/real2.html">Krusch, Barry (2003). <i>Would The Real First Amendment Please Stand Up?</i></a> Online book arguing that the Supreme Court's interpretation of the First Amendment has created a “virtual First Amendment" that is radically different from the true amendment.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References_2">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_the_United_States&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_the_United_States&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724317">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/Constitution.html">Library of Congress</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061206000614/http://www.gpoaccess.gov/constitution/index.html">"US Government Printing Office"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gpoaccess.gov/constitution/index.html">the original</a> on 2006-12-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-09-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US+Government+Printing+Office&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gpoaccess.gov%2Fconstitution%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AConstitution+of+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/conlaw/billofrightsintro.html">Exploring Constitutional Conflicts</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9122492">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States" style="width:100%;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:; color:#;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9122447"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USFancy" title="Template:USFancy"><abbr title="View this template" style=";background:; color:#;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:USFancy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:USFancy (not yet started)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";background:; color:#;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:USFancy&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";background:; color:#;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#; color:#;"><div id="Capital:_Washington,_D.C.">Capital: <b><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C."><span style="color:#;">Washington, D.C.</span></a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#; color:#;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_government" class="mw-redirect" title="United States government">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> • <b><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> • <b><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">Speaker of the House</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Mike_Johnson" title="Mike Johnson">Mike Johnson</a> • <b><a href="/wiki/President_Pro_Tempore_of_the_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="President Pro Tempore of the Senate">President Pro Tempore</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Patty_Murray" title="Patty Murray">Patty Murray</a> • <b><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States" title="Chief Justice of the United States">Chief Justice</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/John_G._Roberts" class="mw-redirect" title="John G. Roberts">John G. Roberts</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#; color:#;">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States" title="History of the United States">History</a> • <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_United_States" title="Geography of the United States">Geography</a> • <a href="/wiki/United_States_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Constitution">Constitution</a> • <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of the United States">Culture</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_of_the_United_States" title="Ethnic groups of the United States">Ethnic groups</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#; color:#;"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a> • <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a> • <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a> • <a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a> • <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> • <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a> • <a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a> • <a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a> • <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a> • <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a> • <a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">Idaho</a> • <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a> • <a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a> • <a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a> • <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a> • <a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a> • <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a> • <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> • <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a> • <a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a> • <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> • <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a> • <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a> • <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> • <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a> • <a href="/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota">North Dakota</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a> • <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a> • <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> • <a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a> • <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a> • <a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a> • <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> • <a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a> • <a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a> • <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a> • <a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#; color:#;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population" title="List of United States cities by population">Major Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Atlanta,_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlanta, Georgia">Atlanta</a> • <a href="/wiki/Baltimore,_Maryland" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltimore, Maryland">Baltimore</a> • <a href="/wiki/Boston,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston, Massachusetts">Boston</a> • <a href="/wiki/Charlotte,_North_Carolina" title="Charlotte, North Carolina">Charlotte</a> • <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a> • <a href="/wiki/Cleveland,_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleveland, Ohio">Cleveland</a> • <a href="/wiki/Dallas,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Dallas, Texas">Dallas</a> • <a href="/wiki/Denver,_Colorado" class="mw-redirect" title="Denver, Colorado">Denver</a> • <a href="/wiki/Detroit,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Detroit, Michigan">Detroit</a> • <a href="/wiki/Houston,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Houston, Texas">Houston</a> • <a href="/wiki/Indianapolis" title="Indianapolis">Indianapolis</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jacksonville,_Florida" title="Jacksonville, Florida">Jacksonville</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">Kansas City</a> • <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas" title="Las Vegas">Las Vegas</a> • <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a> • <a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis</a> • <a href="/wiki/Miami,_Florida" class="mw-redirect" title="Miami, Florida">Miami</a> • <a href="/wiki/Milwaukee,_Wisconsin" class="mw-redirect" title="Milwaukee, Wisconsin">Milwaukee</a> • <a href="/wiki/Minneapolis,_Minnesota" class="mw-redirect" title="Minneapolis, Minnesota">Minneapolis</a> • <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans,_Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="New Orleans, Louisiana">New Orleans</a> • <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a> • <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix</a> • <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland</a> • <a href="/wiki/Saint_Louis,_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Louis, Missouri">St. Louis</a> • <a href="/wiki/San_Antonio,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="San Antonio, Texas">San Antonio</a> • <a href="/wiki/San_Diego,_California" title="San Diego, California">San Diego</a> • <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="San Francisco, California">San Francisco</a> • <a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_California" title="San Jose, California">San Jose</a> • <a href="/wiki/Seattle,_Washington" class="mw-redirect" title="Seattle, Washington">Seattle</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tampa,_Florida" title="Tampa, Florida">Tampa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tucson,_Arizona" title="Tucson, Arizona">Tucson</a> • <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#; color:#;"><a href="/wiki/Americans" title="Americans">Famous People</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony" title="Susan B. Anthony">Anthony</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lucille_Ball" title="Lucille Ball">Ball</a> • <a href="/wiki/Clara_Barton" title="Clara Barton">Barton</a> • <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell" title="Alexander Graham Bell">Bell</a> • <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Biden</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sitting_Bull" title="Sitting Bull">Bull</a> • <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash">Cash</a> • <a href="/wiki/Cesar_Chavez" class="mw-redirect" title="Cesar Chavez">Chavez</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Clinton</a> • <a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Clay</a> • <a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney" title="Walt Disney">Disney</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dole" title="Bob Dole">Dole</a> • <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Douglass" title="Frederick Douglass">Douglass</a> • <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edison" title="Thomas Edison">Edison</a> • <a href="/wiki/Amelia_Earhart" title="Amelia Earhart">Earhart</a> • <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Einstein</a> • <a href="/wiki/Dwight_Eisenhower" class="mw-redirect" title="Dwight Eisenhower">Eisenhower</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway" title="Ernest Hemingway">Hemingway</a> • <a href="/wiki/Henry_Ford" title="Henry Ford">Ford</a> • <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Franklin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Billy_Graham" title="Billy Graham">Graham</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Grant</a> • <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton" title="Alexander Hamilton">Hamilton</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sam_Houston" title="Sam Houston">Houston</a> • <a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson" title="Michael Jackson">Jackson</a> • <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Jefferson</a> • <a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs">Jobs</a> • <a href="/wiki/Michael_Jordan" title="Michael Jordan">Jordan</a> • <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">Kennedy</a> • <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Martin Luther King, Jr.">MLK Jr.</a> • <a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Lee" title="Robert E. Lee">R. E. Lee</a> • <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Lincoln</a> • <a href="/wiki/Charles_Lindbergh" title="Charles Lindbergh">Lindbergh</a> • <a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">Madison</a> • <a href="/wiki/John_Marshall" title="John Marshall">Marshall</a> • <a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">McCain</a> • <a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Monroe" title="Marilyn Monroe">Monroe</a> • <a href="/wiki/Paul_Newman" title="Paul Newman">Newman</a> • <a href="/wiki/Rosa_Parks" title="Rosa Parks">Parks</a> • <a href="/wiki/George_S._Patton" title="George S. Patton">Patton</a> • <a href="/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Presley</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fred_Rogers" title="Fred Rogers">Rogers</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Reagan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Paul_Revere" title="Paul Revere">Revere</a> • <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt" title="Eleanor Roosevelt">E. Roosevelt</a> • <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">F. Roosevelt</a> • <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">T. Roosevelt</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jonas_Salk" title="Jonas Salk">Salk</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Sanders</a> • <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Trump</a> • <a href="/wiki/Harriet_Tubman" title="Harriet Tubman">Tubman</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mark_Twain" title="Mark Twain">Twain</a> • <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">Washington</a> • <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Webster" title="Daniel Webster">Webster</a> • <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Wilson</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wright_Bros" class="mw-redirect" title="Wright Bros">Wright Bros</a> • <a href="/wiki/Frank_Lloyd_Wright" title="Frank Lloyd Wright"> F. Wright</a> • <a href="/wiki/John_Williams" title="John Williams">Williams</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#; color:#;"><a href="/wiki/Political_parties_in_the_United_States" title="Political parties in the United States">Political Parties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a> • <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Green Party (United States)">Green Party</a> • <a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian Party</a> • <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#; color:#;"><a href="/wiki/Landmarks" title="Landmarks">Landmarks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/The_Alamo" title="The Alamo">The Alamo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Arlington_National_Cemetery" title="Arlington National Cemetery">Arlington National Cemetery</a> • <a href="/wiki/Branson,_Missouri" title="Branson, Missouri">Branson</a> • <a href="/wiki/Cape_Cod" title="Cape Cod">Cape Cod</a> • <a href="/wiki/Central_Park" title="Central Park">Central Park</a> • <a href="/wiki/Chrysler_Building" title="Chrysler Building">Chrysler Building</a> • <a href="/wiki/Denali" title="Denali">Denali</a> • <a href="/wiki/Empire_State_Building" title="Empire State Building">Empire State Building</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fallingwater" title="Fallingwater">Fallingwater</a> • <a href="/wiki/Flatiron_Building" title="Flatiron Building">Flatiron Building</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fort_Knox" title="Fort Knox">Fort Knox</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gateway_Arch" title="Gateway Arch">Gateway Arch</a> • <a href="/wiki/Golden_Gate_Bridge" title="Golden Gate Bridge">Golden Gate Bridge</a> • <a href="/wiki/Grand_Canyon" title="Grand Canyon">Grand Canyon</a> • <a href="/wiki/Great_Smoky_Mountains_National_Park" title="Great Smoky Mountains National Park">Great Smoky Mountains</a> • <a href="/wiki/Guggenheim_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Guggenheim Museum">Guggenheim Museum</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Sign" title="Hollywood Sign">Hollywood Sign</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame" title="Hollywood Walk of Fame">Hollywood Walk of Fame</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hoover_Dam" title="Hoover Dam">Hoover Dam</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hudson_River" title="Hudson River">Hudson River</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy Space Center</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Memorial" title="Jefferson Memorial">Jefferson Memorial</a> • <a href="/wiki/Liberty_Bell" title="Liberty Bell">Liberty Bell</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Memorial" title="Lincoln Memorial">Lincoln Memorial</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mall_of_America" title="Mall of America">Mall of America</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mount_Rushmore" title="Mount Rushmore">Mount Rushmore</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pikes_Peak" title="Pikes Peak">Pikes Peak</a> • <a href="/wiki/Potomac_River" title="Potomac River">Potomac River</a> • <a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_Center" title="Rockefeller Center">Rockefeller Center</a> • <a href="/wiki/Route_66" class="mw-redirect" title="Route 66">Route 66</a> • <a href="/wiki/San_Andreas_Fault" title="San Andreas Fault">San Andreas Fault</a> • <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Zoo" title="San Diego Zoo">San Diego Zoo</a> • <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian</a> • <a href="/wiki/Space_Needle" title="Space Needle">Space Needle</a> • <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Liberty" title="Statue of Liberty">Statue of Liberty</a> • <a href="/wiki/Taliesin_(studio)" title="Taliesin (studio)">Taliesin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Times_Square" title="Times Square">Times Square</a> • <a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_Building" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Capitol Building">United States Capitol Building</a> • <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Headquarters" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Headquarters">United Nations Headquarters</a> • <a href="/wiki/USS_Constitution" title="USS Constitution">USS <i>Constitution</i></a> • <a href="/wiki/Washington_Monument" title="Washington Monument">Washington Monument</a> • <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> • <a href="/wiki/Willis_Tower" title="Willis Tower">Willis Tower</a> • <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center" class="mw-disambig" title="World Trade Center">World Trade Center</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wrigley_Field" title="Wrigley Field">Wrigley Field</a> • <a href="/wiki/Yellowstone_National_Park" title="Yellowstone National Park">Yellowstone National Park</a> • <a href="/wiki/Yosemite_Valley" title="Yosemite Valley">Yosemite Valley</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9122492"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Politics_and_government" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9122447"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_and_government" title="Template:Politics and government"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Politics_and_government&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Politics and government (not yet started)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Politics_and_government&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Politics_and_government" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Politics" title="Politics">Politics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">government</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Overviews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_(polity)" class="mw-redirect" title="State (polity)">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation" title="Nation">Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire" title="Empire">Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_government&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central government (not yet started)">Central government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitary_state" title="Unitary state">Unitary state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal government">Federal government</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_unity_government&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National unity government (not yet started)">National unity government</a></li> <li><i>Levels:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government" title="Local government">Local government</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=County_government&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="County government (not yet started)">County government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_division" title="Administrative division">Administrative division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipality" title="Municipality">Municipality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Township" class="mw-redirect" title="Township">Township</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Lists:</i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_forms_of_government&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of forms of government (not yet started)">Govt systems</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_countries_by_system_of_government&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of countries by system of government (not yet started)">Countries by system</a></li> <li><i>Systems:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchy" title="Anarchy">Anarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristocracy" title="Aristocracy">Aristocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureaucracy" title="Bureaucracy">Bureaucracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">Capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederation" title="Confederation">Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonialism" title="Colonialism">Colonialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electocracy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Electocracy (not yet started)">Electocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ergatocracy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ergatocracy (not yet started)">Ergatocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalism" title="Federalism">Federalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feudalism" title="Feudalism">Feudalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geniocracy" title="Geniocracy">Geniocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kleptocracy" title="Kleptocracy">Kleptocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meritocracy" title="Meritocracy">Meritocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_dictatorship" class="mw-redirect" title="Military dictatorship">Military dictatorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">Monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oligarchy" title="Oligarchy">Oligarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plutocracy" title="Plutocracy">Plutocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism" title="Republicanism">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statism" title="Statism">Statism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technocracy" title="Technocracy">Technocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theocracy" title="Theocracy">Theocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism">Totalitarianism</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">Democracy</a>:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">Parliamentary system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_system" title="Presidential system">Presidential system</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cellular_democracy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cellular democracy (not yet started)">Cellular </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collaborative_e-democracy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Collaborative e-democracy (not yet started)">Collaborative</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Consensus_democracy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Consensus democracy (not yet started)">Consensus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conservative_democracy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conservative democracy (not yet started)">Conservative</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cosmopolitan_democracy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cosmopolitan democracy (not yet started)">Cosmopolitan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Direct_Democracy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Direct Democracy (not yet started)">Direct Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Representative_democracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Representative democracy">Representative democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">Republic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Philosophies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agrarianism" title="Agrarianism">Agrarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarianism" title="Authoritarianism">Authoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centrism" class="mw-redirect" title="Centrism">Centrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Christian democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_organization&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social organization (not yet started)">Collectivism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Communalism_(Bookchin)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Communalism (Bookchin) (not yet started)">Communalism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Communitarianism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Communitarianism (not yet started)">Communitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">Conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutionalism" title="Constitutionalism">Constitutionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporatism" title="Corporatism">Corporatism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Distributism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Distributism (not yet started)">Distributism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egalitarianism" title="Egalitarianism">Egalitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">Environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extremism" title="Extremism">Extremism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Familialism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Familialism (not yet started)">Familialism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fanaticism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fanaticism (not yet started)">Fanaticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">Fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamentalism" title="Fundamentalism">Fundamentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">Progressivism</a></li> <li><i>Theoreticians:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">John Locke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Functions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_insurance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social insurance (not yet started)">Social insurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unemployment_benefits&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unemployment benefits (not yet started)">Unemployment benefits</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_healthcare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National healthcare (not yet started)">National healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_education&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Public education (not yet started)">Public education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military" title="Military">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Espionage" title="Espionage">Espionage</a></li> <li><i>Regulation:</i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_regulation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Environmental regulation (not yet started)">Environmental regulation</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banking_regulation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banking regulation (not yet started)">Banking regulation</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Food_inspection&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Food inspection (not yet started)">Food inspection</a></li> <li><i>Municipal:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traffic_lights" class="mw-redirect" title="Traffic lights">Traffic lights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanitation" title="Sanitation">Sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Street_cleaning&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Street cleaning (not yet started)">Street cleaning</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Documents</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution" title="Constitution">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charter (not yet started)">Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uncodified_constitution&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uncodified constitution (not yet started)">Uncodified constitution</a></li> <li><i>Roles:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">Head of state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">Head of government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarch" title="Monarch">Monarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_(government_title)" class="mw-redirect" title="President (government title)">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime minister">Prime minister</a></li> <li><i>Bodies:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_(government)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet (government)">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_(government_department)" title="Ministry (government department)">Ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">Legislature</a></li> <li><i>Legislative bodies</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress" title="Congress">Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament" title="Parliament">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council" class="mw-disambig" title="Council">Council</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Assembly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="House of Assembly (not yet started)">Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legislative_council&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Legislative council (not yet started)">Legislative council</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governance <br /> processes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Process:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hearing" title="Hearing">Hearing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee" title="Committee">Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Town_meeting" class="mw-redirect" title="Town meeting">Town meeting</a></li> <li><i>Outcomes:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislation" title="Legislation">Legislation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulation" title="Regulation">Regulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoning" title="Zoning">Zoning</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Law" title="Law">Law</a>:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precedent" class="mw-redirect" title="Precedent">Precedent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Elections" class="mw-redirect" title="Elections">Elections</a>:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voting" title="Voting">Voting</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Political_campaign&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Political campaign (not yet started)">Campaigns</a></li> <li><i>Groups:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_parties" class="mw-redirect" title="Political parties">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advocacy_groups&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Advocacy groups (not yet started)">Advocacy groups</a></li> <li><i>Issues:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights" title="Civil rights">Civil rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">Environmentalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Fields of study</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_science" title="Political science">Political science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_planning" title="Urban planning">Urban planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology" title="Sociology">Sociology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Overviews:</i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Political_history_of_the_world&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Political history of the world (not yet started)">Political history of the world</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_political_thought&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of political thought (not yet started)">History of political thought</a></li> <li><i>Reforms</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffrage" title="Suffrage">Suffrage</a></li> <li><i>Documents:</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magna_Carta" title="Magna Carta">Magna Carta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Constitution">U.S. Constitution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Diplomacy" title="Diplomacy">Diplomacy</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embassy" title="Embassy">Embassy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty" title="Treaty">Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_law" title="International law">International law</a></li> <li><i>World:</i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Government&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="World Government (not yet started)">World government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="World Court">World Court</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_history" title="Human history">Human history</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of philosophy (not yet started)">History of philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civilization" title="Civilization">Civilization</a></li> <li><i>Templates:</i></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Political_ideologies" title="Template:Political ideologies">Political ideologies</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Political_culture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Political culture (not yet started)">Political culture</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Political_spectrum" title="Template:Political spectrum">Political spectrum</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Social_and_political_philosophy" title="Template:Social and political philosophy">Social and political philosophy</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Liberalism" title="Template:Liberalism">liberalism</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Conservatism_navbox&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Conservatism navbox (not yet started)">Conservatism navbox</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Aspects_of_capitalism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Aspects of capitalism (not yet started)">aspects of capitalism</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Western_culture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Western culture (not yet started)">Western culture</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Autonomous_types_of_first-tier_administration" title="Template:Autonomous types of first-tier administration">Autonomous types of first-tier administration</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:World_government&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:World government (not yet started)">World government</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Categories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Forms_of_government" title="Category:Forms of government">Forms of government</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Types_of_democracy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Types of democracy (not yet started)">Types of democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Political_parties" title="Category:Political parties">Political parties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9122492"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11698#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11698#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11698#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1356075/">FAST</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/179020116">VIAF</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb166939979">France</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb166939979">BnF data</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4133001-8">Germany</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007269243105171">Israel</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n79065871">United States</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10643606">NARA</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_the_United_States&oldid=9858788">https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_the_United_States&oldid=9858788</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_Constitution" title="Category:United States Constitution">United States Constitution</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_JsonConfig_extension" title="Category:Pages using the JsonConfig extension">Pages using the JsonConfig extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_links_to_other_websites" title="Category:All articles with dead links to other websites">All articles with dead links to other websites</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_links_to_other_websites_from_January_2021" title="Category:Articles with dead links to other websites from January 2021">Articles with dead links to other websites from January 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_links_to_other_websites" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead links to other websites">Articles with permanently dead links to other websites</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_FAST_identifiers" title="Category:Articles with FAST identifiers">Articles with FAST identifiers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_VIAF_identifiers" title="Category:Articles with VIAF identifiers">Articles with VIAF identifiers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_BNF_identifiers" title="Category:Articles with BNF identifiers">Articles with BNF identifiers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_BNFdata_identifiers" title="Category:Articles with BNFdata identifiers">Articles with BNFdata identifiers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_GND_identifiers" title="Category:Articles with GND identifiers">Articles with GND identifiers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_J9U_identifiers" title="Category:Articles with J9U identifiers">Articles with J9U identifiers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_LCCN_identifiers" title="Category:Articles with LCCN identifiers">Articles with LCCN identifiers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_NARA_identifiers" title="Category:Articles with NARA identifiers">Articles with NARA identifiers</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last changed on 1 November 2024, at 17:18.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_GNU_Free_Documentation_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the GNU Free Documentation License">GFDL</a>; additional terms may apply. See <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Terms of Use</a> for details.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/simple.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//simple.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Constitution_of_the_United_States&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-84d8f4b96-6l9gp","wgBackendResponseTime":163,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.691","walltime":"1.701","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2747,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":128163,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":10859,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":12,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":70896,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1512.258 1 -total"," 53.04% 802.109 11 Template:Cite_book"," 16.22% 245.350 2 Template:ISBN"," 8.90% 134.666 2 Template:Catalog_lookup_link"," 7.76% 117.281 4 Template:Side_box"," 7.20% 108.928 1 Template:US_Constitution_article_series"," 7.06% 106.699 1 Template:Sidebar"," 5.40% 81.728 1 Template:Commonscat"," 5.09% 77.028 1 Template:Sister_project"," 4.64% 70.240 2 Template:If_then_show"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.352","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":5211729,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-86bd79f647-4n474","timestamp":"20241114092355","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Constitution of the United States","url":"https:\/\/simple.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Constitution_of_the_United_States","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q11698","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q11698","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2006-09-25T17:36:43Z","dateModified":"2024-11-01T17:18:20Z","headline":"Supreme law of the United States of America since March 4th, 1789"}</script> </body> </html>