Action - Schema.org Type

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en">  <head> <title>Action - Schema.org Type</title> <meta charset="utf-8" > <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta name="description" content="Schema.org Type: Action - An action performed by a direct agent and indirect participants upon a direct object. Optionally happens at a location with the help of an inanimate instrument. The execution of the action may produce a result. Specific action sub-type documentation specifies the exact expectation of each argument/role.<br/><br/> See also <a href="http://blog.schema.org/2014/04/announcing-schemaorg-actions.html">blog post</a> and <a href="https://schema.org/docs/actions.html">Actions overview document</a>." /> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/png" href="/docs/favicon.ico"/> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/docs/schemaorg.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/docs/devnote.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/docs/prettify.css" /> <script src="/docs/prettify.js"></script> <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.5.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <script src="/docs/schemaorg.js"></script>  <script src="/docs/sdotermpage.js"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/docs/sdotermpage.css" /> <script src="/docs/pretty-markup/schemarama-parsing.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="/docs/pretty-markup/layout.js"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/docs/pretty-markup/style.css" /> <script src="/docs/clipboard/clipboard.min.js"></script> <link rel="canonical" href="https://schema.org/Action" /> </head> <body>   <div class="devnote"><b>Note</b>: You are viewing the development version of <a href="https://schema.org">Schema.org</a>. See <a href="/docs/howwework.html">how we work</a> for more details. </div> <div id="container"> <div id="headerwrap"> <div id="pagehead1" class="mobnav"> <div class="header-block" id="pagehead-left"> <div id="sitename2"> <a href="/">Schema.org</a> </div> </div> <div class="header-block header-block-right mobnav" id="pagehead-mid"> <div id="selectionbar2"> <ul> <li> <a href="/docs/documents.html">Docs</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/schemas.html">Schemas</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://validator.schema.org">Validate</a> </li> <li> <a href="/docs/about.html">About</a> </li> </ul> </div>  </div> <div class="header-block header-block-right mobnav" id="pagehead-right"> <div id="cse-search-form2" class="live-only"> <div class="gcse-searchbox-only" data-resultsUrl="/docs/search_results.html"></div> </div> </div> <div class="header-block mobnav" id="navicon2"> <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="icon" onclick="navFunction()"> <svg id="open" width="24px" height="24px" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g clip-path="url(#clip0_3560_173)"> <path d="M3 18V16H21V18H3ZM3 13V11H21V13H3ZM3 8V6H21V8H3Z" fill="#444746"/> </g> <defs> <clipPath id="clip0_3560_173"> <rect width="24" height="24" fill="white"/> </clipPath> </defs> </svg> <svg id="close" width="24px" height="24px" viewBox="0 -960 960 960" fill="#444746" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="m256-200-56-56 224-224-224-224 56-56 224 224 224-224 56 56-224 224 224 224-56 56-224-224-224 224Z"/> </svg> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="header-bottom"></div> </div>  <div id="mainContent"> <div id="infoblock" class="jumptarget" title="Details">  <div id="infohead"> <h1>Action</h1> <div class="infotype">A Schema.org Type</div>  </div>  <div class="superPaths" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/BreadcrumbList"> <span itemscope itemprop="itemListElement" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"> <meta itemprop="name" content="Thing" /> <meta itemprop="position" content="1" /> <a href="/Thing" itemprop="item" class="core" title="Thing">Thing</a> </span> > <span itemscope itemprop="itemListElement" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"> <meta itemprop="name" content="Action" /> <meta itemprop="position" content="2" /> <a href="/Action" itemprop="item" class="core" title="Action">Action</a> </span> <br/> </div>  <div> <div id='infobox' style='text-align: right; padding-right: 5px;' role="checkbox" aria-checked="false"> <label for="morecheck"><b><span style="cursor: pointer;">[more...]</span></b></label> </div> <input type='checkbox' checked="checked" style='display: none' id=morecheck><div id='infomsg' style='background-color: #EEEEEE; text-align: left; padding: 0.5em;'> <ul><li> <span class="canonicalUrl">Canonical URL: https://schema.org/Action</span> </li>  <li><a href='https://github.com/schemaorg/schemaorg/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+Action'>Check for open issues.</a></li> </ul> </div> </div>  <div class="description">An action performed by a direct agent and indirect participants upon a direct object. Optionally happens at a location with the help of an inanimate instrument. The execution of the action may produce a result. Specific action sub-type documentation specifies the exact expectation of each argument/role.<br/><br/> See also <a href="http://blog.schema.org/2014/04/announcing-schemaorg-actions.html">blog post</a> and <a href="https://schema.org/docs/actions.html">Actions overview document</a>.</div> </div>     <table class="definition-table"> <thead> <tr><th>Property</th><th>Expected Type</th><th>Description</th></tr> </thead>  <tr class="supertype"><th class="supertype-name" colspan="3">Properties from <a href="/Action" class="core" title="Action">Action</a></th></tr> <tr><th class="prop-nam"><code> <a href="/actionProcess" class="core" title="actionProcess">actionProcess</a></code></th> <td class="prop-ect"> <a href="/HowTo" class="core" title="HowTo">HowTo</a></td> <td class="prop-desc">Description of the process by which the action was performed. </td> </tr> <tr><th class="prop-nam"><code> <a href="/actionStatus" class="core" title="actionStatus">actionStatus</a></code></th> <td class="prop-ect"> <a href="/ActionStatusType" class="core" title="ActionStatusType">ActionStatusType</a></td> <td class="prop-desc">Indicates the current disposition of the Action. </td> </tr> <tr><th class="prop-nam"><code> <a href="/agent" class="core" title="agent">agent</a></code></th> <td class="prop-ect"> <a href="/Organization" class="core" title="Organization">Organization</a>  or <br/> <a href="/Person" class="core" title="Person">Person</a></td> <td class="prop-desc">The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). E.g. <em>John</em> wrote a book. </td> </tr> <tr><th class="prop-nam"><code> <a href="/endTime" class="core" title="endTime">endTime</a></code></th> <td class="prop-ect"> <a href="/DateTime" class="core" title="DateTime">DateTime</a>  or <br/> <a href="/Time" class="core" title="Time">Time</a></td> <td class="prop-desc">The endTime of something. For a reserved event or service (e.g. FoodEstablishmentReservation), the time that it is expected to end. For actions that span a period of time, when the action was performed. E.g. John wrote a book from January to <em>December</em>. For media, including audio and video, it's the time offset of the end of a clip within a larger file.<br/><br/> Note that Event uses startDate/endDate instead of startTime/endTime, even when describing dates with times. This situation may be clarified in future revisions. </td> </tr> <tr><th class="prop-nam"><code> <a href="/error" class="core" title="error">error</a></code></th> <td class="prop-ect"> <a href="/Thing" class="core" title="Thing">Thing</a></td> <td class="prop-desc">For failed actions, more information on the cause of the failure. </td> </tr> <tr><th class="prop-nam"><code> <a href="/instrument" class="core" title="instrument">instrument</a></code></th> <td class="prop-ect"> <a href="/Thing" class="core" title="Thing">Thing</a></td> <td class="prop-desc">The object that helped the agent perform the action. E.g. John wrote a book with <em>a pen</em>. </td> </tr> <tr><th class="prop-nam"><code> <a href="/location" class="core" title="location">location</a></code></th> <td class="prop-ect"> <a href="/Place" class="core" title="Place">Place</a>  or <br/> <a href="/PostalAddress" class="core" title="PostalAddress">PostalAddress</a>  or <br/> <a href="/Text" class="core" title="Text">Text</a>  or <br/> <a href="/VirtualLocation" class="core" title="VirtualLocation">VirtualLocation</a></td> <td class="prop-desc">The location of, for example, where an event is happening, where an organization is located, or where an action takes place. </td> </tr> <tr><th class="prop-nam"><code> <a href="/object" class="core" title="object">object</a></code></th> <td class="prop-ect"> <a href="/Thing" class="core" title="Thing">Thing</a></td> <td class="prop-desc">The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). E.g. John read <em>a book</em>. </td> </tr> <tr><th class="prop-nam"><code> <a href="/participant" class="core" title="participant">participant</a></code></th> <td class="prop-ect"> <a href="/Organization" class="core" title="Organization">Organization</a>  or <br/> <a href="/Person" class="core" title="Person">Person</a></td> <td class="prop-desc">Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. E.g. John wrote a book with <em>Steve</em>. </td> </tr> <tr><th class="prop-nam"><code> <a href="/provider" class="ext ext-pending" title="provider">provider</a></code></th> <td class="prop-ect"> <a href="/Organization" class="core" title="Organization">Organization</a>  or <br/> <a href="/Person" class="core" title="Person">Person</a></td> <td class="prop-desc">The service provider, service operator, or service performer; the goods producer. Another party (a seller) may offer those services or goods on behalf of the provider. A provider may also serve as the seller. Supersedes <a href="/carrier" class="core" title="carrier">carrier</a>. </td> </tr> <tr><th class="prop-nam"><code> <a href="/result" class="core" title="result">result</a></code></th> <td class="prop-ect"> <a href="/Thing" class="core" title="Thing">Thing</a></td> <td class="prop-desc">The result produced in the action. E.g. John wrote <em>a book</em>. </td> </tr> <tr><th class="prop-nam"><code> <a href="/startTime" class="core" title="startTime">startTime</a></code></th> <td class="prop-ect"> <a href="/DateTime" class="core" title="DateTime">DateTime</a>  or <br/> <a href="/Time" class="core" title="Time">Time</a></td> <td class="prop-desc">The startTime of something. For a reserved event or service (e.g. FoodEstablishmentReservation), the time that it is expected to start. For actions that span a period of time, when the action was performed. E.g. John wrote a book from <em>January</em> to December. For media, including audio and video, it's the time offset of the start of a clip within a larger file.<br/><br/> Note that Event uses startDate/endDate instead of startTime/endTime, even when describing dates with times. This situation may be clarified in future revisions. </td> </tr> <tr><th class="prop-nam"><code> <a href="/target" class="core" title="target">target</a></code></th> <td class="prop-ect"> <a href="/EntryPoint" class="core" title="EntryPoint">EntryPoint</a>  or <br/> <a href="/URL" class="core" title="URL">URL</a></td> <td class="prop-desc">Indicates a target EntryPoint, or url, for an Action. </td> </tr>  <tr class="supertype"><th class="supertype-name" colspan="3">Properties from <a href="/Thing" class="core" title="Thing">Thing</a></th></tr> <tr><th class="prop-nam"><code> <a href="/additionalType" class="core" title="additionalType">additionalType</a></code></th> <td class="prop-ect"> <a href="/Text" class="core" title="Text">Text</a>  or <br/> <a href="/URL" class="core" title="URL">URL</a></td> <td class="prop-desc">An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. Typically the value is a URI-identified RDF class, and in this case corresponds to the use of rdf:type in RDF. Text values can be used sparingly, for cases where useful information can be added without their being an appropriate schema to reference. In the case of text values, the class label should follow the schema.org <a href="https://schema.org/docs/styleguide.html">style guide</a>. </td> </tr> <tr><th class="prop-nam"><code> <a href="/alternateName" class="core" title="alternateName">alternateName</a></code></th> <td class="prop-ect"> <a href="/Text" class="core" title="Text">Text</a></td> <td class="prop-desc">An alias for the item. </td> </tr> <tr><th class="prop-nam"><code> <a href="/description" class="core" title="description">description</a></code></th> <td class="prop-ect"> <a href="/Text" class="core" title="Text">Text</a>  or <br/> <a href="/TextObject" class="core" title="TextObject">TextObject</a></td> <td class="prop-desc">A description of the item. </td> </tr> <tr><th class="prop-nam"><code> <a href="/disambiguatingDescription" class="core" title="disambiguatingDescription">disambiguatingDescription</a></code></th> <td class="prop-ect"> <a href="/Text" class="core" title="Text">Text</a></td> <td class="prop-desc">A sub property of description. A short description of the item used to disambiguate from other, similar items. Information from other properties (in particular, name) may be necessary for the description to be useful for disambiguation. </td> </tr> <tr><th class="prop-nam"><code> <a href="/identifier" class="core" title="identifier">identifier</a></code></th> <td class="prop-ect"> <a href="/PropertyValue" class="core" title="PropertyValue">PropertyValue</a>  or <br/> <a href="/Text" class="core" title="Text">Text</a>  or <br/> <a href="/URL" class="core" title="URL">URL</a></td> <td class="prop-desc">The identifier property represents any kind of identifier for any kind of <a class="localLink" href="/Thing">Thing</a>, such as ISBNs, GTIN codes, UUIDs etc. Schema.org provides dedicated properties for representing many of these, either as textual strings or as URL (URI) links. See <a href="/docs/datamodel.html#identifierBg">background notes</a> for more details. </td> </tr> <tr><th class="prop-nam"><code> <a href="/image" class="core" title="image">image</a></code></th> <td class="prop-ect"> <a href="/ImageObject" class="core" title="ImageObject">ImageObject</a>  or <br/> <a href="/URL" class="core" title="URL">URL</a></td> <td class="prop-desc">An image of the item. This can be a <a class="localLink" href="/URL">URL</a> or a fully described <a class="localLink" href="/ImageObject">ImageObject</a>. </td> </tr> <tr><th class="prop-nam"><code> <a href="/mainEntityOfPage" class="core" title="mainEntityOfPage">mainEntityOfPage</a></code></th> <td class="prop-ect"> <a href="/CreativeWork" class="core" title="CreativeWork">CreativeWork</a>  or <br/> <a href="/URL" class="core" title="URL">URL</a></td> <td class="prop-desc">Indicates a page (or other CreativeWork) for which this thing is the main entity being described. See <a href="/docs/datamodel.html#mainEntityBackground">background notes</a> for details. <br/>Inverse property: <a href="/mainEntity" class="core" title="mainEntity">mainEntity</a> </td> </tr> <tr><th class="prop-nam"><code> <a href="/name" class="core" title="name">name</a></code></th> <td class="prop-ect"> <a href="/Text" class="core" title="Text">Text</a></td> <td class="prop-desc">The name of the item. </td> </tr> <tr><th class="prop-nam"><code> <a href="/potentialAction" class="core" title="potentialAction">potentialAction</a></code></th> <td class="prop-ect"> <a href="/Action" class="core" title="Action">Action</a></td> <td class="prop-desc">Indicates a potential Action, which describes an idealized action in which this thing would play an 'object' role. </td> </tr> <tr><th class="prop-nam"><code> <a href="/sameAs" class="core" title="sameAs">sameAs</a></code></th> <td class="prop-ect"> <a href="/URL" class="core" title="URL">URL</a></td> <td class="prop-desc">URL of a reference Web page that unambiguously indicates the item's identity. E.g. the URL of the item's Wikipedia page, Wikidata entry, or official website. </td> </tr> <tr><th class="prop-nam"><code> <a href="/subjectOf" class="core" title="subjectOf">subjectOf</a></code></th> <td class="prop-ect"> <a href="/CreativeWork" class="core" title="CreativeWork">CreativeWork</a>  or <br/> <a href="/Event" class="core" title="Event">Event</a></td> <td class="prop-desc">A CreativeWork or Event about this Thing. <br/>Inverse property: <a href="/about" class="core" title="about">about</a> </td> </tr> <tr><th class="prop-nam"><code> <a href="/url" class="core" title="url">url</a></code></th> <td class="prop-ect"> <a href="/URL" class="core" title="URL">URL</a></td> <td class="prop-desc">URL of the item. </td> </tr> </table>  <br/><div id="incoming">Instances of <a href="/Action" class="core" title="Action">Action</a> may appear as a value for the following properties</div> <table class="definition-table"> <thead><tr><th>Property</th><th>On Types</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead> <tr><th class="prop-nam"> <a href="/interactionType" class="core" title="interactionType">interactionType</a></th> <td class="prop-ect"> <a href="/InteractionCounter" class="core" title="InteractionCounter">InteractionCounter</a></td> <td class="prop-desc">The Action representing the type of interaction. For up votes, +1s, etc. use <a class="localLink" href="/LikeAction">LikeAction</a>. For down votes use <a class="localLink" href="/DislikeAction">DislikeAction</a>. Otherwise, use the most specific Action. </tr> <tr><th class="prop-nam"> <a href="/potentialAction" class="core" title="potentialAction">potentialAction</a></th> <td class="prop-ect"> <a href="/Thing" class="core" title="Thing">Thing</a></td> <td class="prop-desc">Indicates a potential Action, which describes an idealized action in which this thing would play an 'object' role. </tr> </table>   <br/> <div id="subtypes" title="Subtypes" class="jumptarget" title="Value for"><h4>More specific Types</h4></div> <ul> <li> <a href="/AchieveAction" class="core" title="AchieveAction">AchieveAction</a></li> <li> <a href="/AssessAction" class="core" title="AssessAction">AssessAction</a></li> <li> <a href="/ConsumeAction" class="core" title="ConsumeAction">ConsumeAction</a></li> <li> <a href="/ControlAction" class="core" title="ControlAction">ControlAction</a></li> <li> <a href="/CreateAction" class="core" title="CreateAction">CreateAction</a></li> <li> <a href="/FindAction" class="core" title="FindAction">FindAction</a></li> <li> <a href="/InteractAction" class="core" title="InteractAction">InteractAction</a></li> <li> <a href="/MoveAction" class="core" title="MoveAction">MoveAction</a></li> <li> <a href="/OrganizeAction" class="core" title="OrganizeAction">OrganizeAction</a></li> <li> <a href="/PlayAction" class="core" title="PlayAction">PlayAction</a></li> <li> <a href="/SearchAction" class="core" title="SearchAction">SearchAction</a></li> <li> <a href="/SeekToAction" class="ext ext-pending" title="SeekToAction">SeekToAction</a></li> <li> <a href="/SolveMathAction" class="ext ext-pending" title="SolveMathAction">SolveMathAction</a></li> <li> <a href="/TradeAction" class="core" title="TradeAction">TradeAction</a></li> <li> <a href="/TransferAction" class="core" title="TransferAction">TransferAction</a></li> <li> <a href="/UpdateAction" class="core" title="UpdateAction">UpdateAction</a></li> </ul>   <div id="acks" class="ackblock jumptarget" title="Acknowledgements"> <h3>Acknowledgements</h3> <div class="ack"> <div class="ack-desc"> <div class="ack-head">  <div class="ack-title"> Hydra project </div>   </div> The schema.org Actions mechanism benefited from extensive discussions across the Web standards community around W3C, in particular from the <a href="http://purl.org/hydra/">Hydra project</a>'s community group.  </div> </div> </div>   <div id="examplespannel" class="jumptarget" title="Examples"> <h3>Examples</h3> <div class="example-head"> <button class="clip clipbutton eg-0032" data-clipboard-target=".ds-tab.selected.eg-0032 .clipsource" title="Copy example to clipboard"> <img src="/docs/clipboard/clippy.svg" width="18" alt="Copy to clipboard" /> </button> <a id="eg-0032" title="Link: #eg-0032" href="#eg-0032" class="clickableAnchor" >Example 1</a> <div class="tooltip"> <span class="tooltiptext eg-0032">Copied</span> </div> </div> <div class='ds-selector-tabs ds-selector'> <div class='selectors'> <a data-selects='original_html' class='selected'>No Markup</a> <a data-selects='jsonld' class=''>JSON-LD</a> <a data-selects='structure' class='extabs'>Structure</a> </div> <div class="ds-tab eg-0032 original_html selected"> <div class="ds-tab-note" >Example notes or example HTML without markup.</div> <pre class="ds-tab-content prettyprint lang-html linenums clipsource "> John listened to Pink with Steve at Anna's apartment on his iPod. </pre> </div> <div class="ds-tab eg-0032 jsonld "> <div class="ds-tab-note" >Example encoded as <a class="ds-tab-note" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSON-LD">JSON-LD</a> in a HTML script tag.</div> <pre class="ds-tab-content prettyprint lang-html linenums clipsource ">  <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "ListenAction", "agent": { "@type": "Person", "name": "John" }, "object": { "@type": "MusicGroup", "name": "Pink!" }, "participant": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Steve" }, "location": { "@type": "Residence", "name": "Ann's apartment" }, "instrument": { "@type": "Product", "name": "iPod" } } </script> </pre> </div> <div class="ds-tab eg-0032 structure extabs" data-ex="eg-0032"> <div class="ds-tab-note" >Structured representation of the JSON-LD example.</div> <div class="ds-tab-content structureout extabs eg-0032" style="margin-left: 5px;"> </div> <div class="structuretext clipsource extabs eg-0032"></div> </div> <div class="payload eg-0032" style="display: none;">{ "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "ListenAction", "agent": { "@type": "Person", "name": "John" }, "object": { "@type": "MusicGroup", "name": "Pink!" }, "participant": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Steve" }, "location": { "@type": "Residence", "name": "Ann's apartment" }, "instrument": { "@type": "Product", "name": "iPod" } }</div> </div> <div class="example-head"> <button class="clip clipbutton eg-0033" data-clipboard-target=".ds-tab.selected.eg-0033 .clipsource" title="Copy example to clipboard"> <img src="/docs/clipboard/clippy.svg" width="18" alt="Copy to clipboard" /> </button> <a id="eg-0033" title="Link: #eg-0033" href="#eg-0033" class="clickableAnchor" >Example 2</a> <div class="tooltip"> <span class="tooltiptext eg-0033">Copied</span> </div> </div> <div class='ds-selector-tabs ds-selector'> <div class='selectors'> <a data-selects='original_html' class='selected'>No Markup</a> <a data-selects='jsonld' class=''>JSON-LD</a> <a data-selects='structure' class='extabs'>Structure</a> </div> <div class="ds-tab eg-0033 original_html selected"> <div class="ds-tab-note" >Example notes or example HTML without markup.</div> <pre class="ds-tab-content prettyprint lang-html linenums clipsource "> John created an exercise plan with Steve. </pre> </div> <div class="ds-tab eg-0033 jsonld "> <div class="ds-tab-note" >Example encoded as <a class="ds-tab-note" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSON-LD">JSON-LD</a> in a HTML script tag.</div> <pre class="ds-tab-content prettyprint lang-html linenums clipsource ">  <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "CreateAction", "agent": { "@type": "Person", "name": "John" }, "result": { "@type": "ExercisePlan", "name": "John's weight loss plan" }, "participant": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Steve" } } </script> </pre> </div> <div class="ds-tab eg-0033 structure extabs" data-ex="eg-0033"> <div class="ds-tab-note" >Structured representation of the JSON-LD example.</div> <div class="ds-tab-content structureout extabs eg-0033" style="margin-left: 5px;"> </div> <div class="structuretext clipsource extabs eg-0033"></div> </div> <div class="payload eg-0033" style="display: none;">{ "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "CreateAction", "agent": { "@type": "Person", "name": "John" }, "result": { "@type": "ExercisePlan", "name": "John's weight loss plan" }, "participant": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Steve" } }</div> </div> </div> </div>   <div id="footer"> <p><a href="/docs/terms.html">Terms and conditions</a></p> <div id="versioninfo"> <span class="sep">•</span> Schema.org <span class="sep">•</span> V28.1 <span class="sep">|</span> 2024-11-22 </div> </div> <script> (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){ (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o), m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m) })(window,document,'script','//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga'); ga('create', 'UA-52672119-1', 'auto'); ga('send', 'pageview'); </script>  <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": { "brick": "https://brickschema.org/schema/Brick#", "csvw": "http://www.w3.org/ns/csvw#", "dc": "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/", "dcam": "http://purl.org/dc/dcam/", "dcat": "http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#", "dcmitype": "http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/", "dcterms": "http://purl.org/dc/terms/", "doap": "http://usefulinc.com/ns/doap#", "foaf": "http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/", "odrl": "http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/", "org": "http://www.w3.org/ns/org#", "owl": "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#", "prof": "http://www.w3.org/ns/dx/prof/", "prov": "http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#", "qb": "http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#", "rdf": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#", "rdfs": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#", "schema": "https://schema.org/", "sh": "http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#", "skos": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#", "sosa": "http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/", "ssn": "http://www.w3.org/ns/ssn/", "time": "http://www.w3.org/2006/time#", "vann": "http://purl.org/vocab/vann/", "void": "http://rdfs.org/ns/void#", "xsd": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#" }, "@graph": [ { "@id": "schema:error", "@type": "rdf:Property", "rdfs:comment": "For failed actions, more information on the cause of the failure.", "rdfs:label": "error", "schema:domainIncludes": { "@id": "schema:Action" }, "schema:rangeIncludes": { "@id": "schema:Thing" } }, { "@id": "schema:potentialAction", "@type": "rdf:Property", "rdfs:comment": "Indicates a potential Action, which describes an idealized action in which this thing would play an 'object' role.", "rdfs:label": "potentialAction", "schema:domainIncludes": { "@id": "schema:Thing" }, "schema:rangeIncludes": { "@id": "schema:Action" } }, { "@id": "schema:mainEntityOfPage", "@type": "rdf:Property", "rdfs:comment": "Indicates a page (or other CreativeWork) for which this thing is the main entity being described. See [background notes](/docs/datamodel.html#mainEntityBackground) for details.", "rdfs:label": "mainEntityOfPage", "schema:domainIncludes": { "@id": "schema:Thing" }, "schema:inverseOf": { "@id": "schema:mainEntity" }, "schema:rangeIncludes": [ { "@id": "schema:CreativeWork" }, { "@id": "schema:URL" } ] }, { "@id": "schema:startTime", "@type": "rdf:Property", "rdfs:comment": "The startTime of something. For a reserved event or service (e.g. FoodEstablishmentReservation), the time that it is expected to start. For actions that span a period of time, when the action was performed. E.g. John wrote a book from *January* to December. For media, including audio and video, it's the time offset of the start of a clip within a larger file.\\n\\nNote that Event uses startDate/endDate instead of startTime/endTime, even when describing dates with times. This situation may be clarified in future revisions.", "rdfs:label": "startTime", "schema:domainIncludes": [ { "@id": "schema:MediaObject" }, { "@id": "schema:FoodEstablishmentReservation" }, { "@id": "schema:Action" }, { "@id": "schema:InteractionCounter" }, { "@id": "schema:Schedule" } ], "schema:rangeIncludes": [ { "@id": "schema:DateTime" }, { "@id": "schema:Time" } ], "schema:source": { "@id": "https://github.com/schemaorg/schemaorg/issues/2493" } }, { "@id": "schema:image", "@type": "rdf:Property", "rdfs:comment": "An image of the item. This can be a [[URL]] or a fully described [[ImageObject]].", "rdfs:label": "image", "schema:domainIncludes": { "@id": "schema:Thing" }, "schema:rangeIncludes": [ { "@id": "schema:ImageObject" }, { "@id": "schema:URL" } ] }, { "@id": "schema:location", "@type": "rdf:Property", "rdfs:comment": "The location of, for example, where an event is happening, where an organization is located, or where an action takes place.", "rdfs:label": "location", "schema:domainIncludes": [ { "@id": "schema:Organization" }, { "@id": "schema:Action" }, { "@id": "schema:InteractionCounter" }, { "@id": "schema:Event" } ], "schema:rangeIncludes": [ { "@id": "schema:Text" }, { "@id": "schema:Place" }, { "@id": "schema:PostalAddress" }, { "@id": "schema:VirtualLocation" } ] }, { "@id": "schema:participant", "@type": "rdf:Property", "rdfs:comment": "Other co-agents that participated in the action indirectly. E.g. John wrote a book with *Steve*.", "rdfs:label": "participant", "schema:domainIncludes": { "@id": "schema:Action" }, "schema:rangeIncludes": [ { "@id": "schema:Person" }, { "@id": "schema:Organization" } ] }, { "@id": "schema:endTime", "@type": "rdf:Property", "rdfs:comment": "The endTime of something. For a reserved event or service (e.g. FoodEstablishmentReservation), the time that it is expected to end. For actions that span a period of time, when the action was performed. E.g. John wrote a book from January to *December*. For media, including audio and video, it's the time offset of the end of a clip within a larger file.\\n\\nNote that Event uses startDate/endDate instead of startTime/endTime, even when describing dates with times. This situation may be clarified in future revisions.", "rdfs:label": "endTime", "schema:domainIncludes": [ { "@id": "schema:InteractionCounter" }, { "@id": "schema:MediaObject" }, { "@id": "schema:FoodEstablishmentReservation" }, { "@id": "schema:Action" }, { "@id": "schema:Schedule" } ], "schema:rangeIncludes": [ { "@id": "schema:Time" }, { "@id": "schema:DateTime" } ], "schema:source": { "@id": "https://github.com/schemaorg/schemaorg/issues/2493" } }, { "@id": "schema:disambiguatingDescription", "@type": "rdf:Property", "rdfs:comment": "A sub property of description. A short description of the item used to disambiguate from other, similar items. Information from other properties (in particular, name) may be necessary for the description to be useful for disambiguation.", "rdfs:label": "disambiguatingDescription", "rdfs:subPropertyOf": { "@id": "schema:description" }, "schema:domainIncludes": { "@id": "schema:Thing" }, "schema:rangeIncludes": { "@id": "schema:Text" } }, { "@id": "schema:target", "@type": "rdf:Property", "rdfs:comment": "Indicates a target EntryPoint, or url, for an Action.", "rdfs:label": "target", "schema:domainIncludes": { "@id": "schema:Action" }, "schema:rangeIncludes": [ { "@id": "schema:EntryPoint" }, { "@id": "schema:URL" } ] }, { "@id": "schema:result", "@type": "rdf:Property", "rdfs:comment": "The result produced in the action. E.g. John wrote *a book*.", "rdfs:label": "result", "schema:domainIncludes": { "@id": "schema:Action" }, "schema:rangeIncludes": { "@id": "schema:Thing" } }, { "@id": "schema:url", "@type": "rdf:Property", "rdfs:comment": "URL of the item.", "rdfs:label": "url", "schema:domainIncludes": { "@id": "schema:Thing" }, "schema:rangeIncludes": { "@id": "schema:URL" } }, { "@id": "schema:instrument", "@type": "rdf:Property", "rdfs:comment": "The object that helped the agent perform the action. E.g. John wrote a book with *a pen*.", "rdfs:label": "instrument", "schema:domainIncludes": { "@id": "schema:Action" }, "schema:rangeIncludes": { "@id": "schema:Thing" } }, { "@id": "schema:Thing", "@type": "rdfs:Class", "rdfs:comment": "The most generic type of item.", "rdfs:label": "Thing" }, { "@id": "schema:agent", "@type": "rdf:Property", "rdfs:comment": "The direct performer or driver of the action (animate or inanimate). E.g. *John* wrote a book.", "rdfs:label": "agent", "schema:domainIncludes": { "@id": "schema:Action" }, "schema:rangeIncludes": [ { "@id": "schema:Person" }, { "@id": "schema:Organization" } ] }, { "@id": "schema:provider", "@type": "rdf:Property", "rdfs:comment": "The service provider, service operator, or service performer; the goods producer. Another party (a seller) may offer those services or goods on behalf of the provider. A provider may also serve as the seller.", "rdfs:label": "provider", "schema:domainIncludes": [ { "@id": "schema:ParcelDelivery" }, { "@id": "schema:Invoice" }, { "@id": "schema:Service" }, { "@id": "schema:Trip" }, { "@id": "schema:CreativeWork" }, { "@id": "schema:Reservation" }, { "@id": "schema:Action" }, { "@id": "schema:EducationalOccupationalProgram" } ], "schema:isPartOf": { "@id": "https://pending.schema.org" }, "schema:rangeIncludes": [ { "@id": "schema:Organization" }, { "@id": "schema:Person" } ], "schema:source": [ { "@id": "https://github.com/schemaorg/schemaorg/issues/2927" }, { "@id": "https://github.com/schemaorg/schemaorg/issues/2289" } ] }, { "@id": "schema:additionalType", "@type": "rdf:Property", "rdfs:comment": "An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. Typically the value is a URI-identified RDF class, and in this case corresponds to the\n use of rdf:type in RDF. Text values can be used sparingly, for cases where useful information can be added without their being an appropriate schema to reference. In the case of text values, the class label should follow the schema.org <a href=\"https://schema.org/docs/styleguide.html\">style guide</a>.", "rdfs:label": "additionalType", "rdfs:subPropertyOf": { "@id": "rdf:type" }, "schema:domainIncludes": { "@id": "schema:Thing" }, "schema:rangeIncludes": [ { "@id": "schema:Text" }, { "@id": "schema:URL" } ] }, { "@id": "schema:object", "@type": "rdf:Property", "rdfs:comment": "The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). E.g. John read *a book*.", "rdfs:label": "object", "schema:domainIncludes": { "@id": "schema:Action" }, "schema:rangeIncludes": { "@id": "schema:Thing" } }, { "@id": "schema:sameAs", "@type": "rdf:Property", "rdfs:comment": "URL of a reference Web page that unambiguously indicates the item's identity. E.g. the URL of the item's Wikipedia page, Wikidata entry, or official website.", "rdfs:label": "sameAs", "schema:domainIncludes": { "@id": "schema:Thing" }, "schema:rangeIncludes": { "@id": "schema:URL" } }, { "@id": "schema:alternateName", "@type": "rdf:Property", "rdfs:comment": "An alias for the item.", "rdfs:label": "alternateName", "schema:domainIncludes": { "@id": "schema:Thing" }, "schema:rangeIncludes": { "@id": "schema:Text" } }, { "@id": "schema:actionProcess", "@type": "rdf:Property", "rdfs:comment": "Description of the process by which the action was performed.", "rdfs:label": "actionProcess", "schema:domainIncludes": { "@id": "schema:Action" }, "schema:rangeIncludes": { "@id": "schema:HowTo" } }, { "@id": "schema:identifier", "@type": "rdf:Property", "owl:equivalentProperty": { "@id": "dcterms:identifier" }, "rdfs:comment": "The identifier property represents any kind of identifier for any kind of [[Thing]], such as ISBNs, GTIN codes, UUIDs etc. Schema.org provides dedicated properties for representing many of these, either as textual strings or as URL (URI) links. See [background notes](/docs/datamodel.html#identifierBg) for more details.\n ", "rdfs:label": "identifier", "schema:domainIncludes": { "@id": "schema:Thing" }, "schema:rangeIncludes": [ { "@id": "schema:URL" }, { "@id": "schema:Text" }, { "@id": "schema:PropertyValue" } ] }, { "@id": "schema:description", "@type": "rdf:Property", "owl:equivalentProperty": { "@id": "dcterms:description" }, "rdfs:comment": "A description of the item.", "rdfs:label": "description", "schema:domainIncludes": { "@id": "schema:Thing" }, "schema:rangeIncludes": [ { "@id": "schema:Text" }, { "@id": "schema:TextObject" } ] }, { "@id": "schema:subjectOf", "@type": "rdf:Property", "rdfs:comment": "A CreativeWork or Event about this Thing.", "rdfs:label": "subjectOf", "schema:domainIncludes": { "@id": "schema:Thing" }, "schema:inverseOf": { "@id": "schema:about" }, "schema:rangeIncludes": [ { "@id": "schema:CreativeWork" }, { "@id": "schema:Event" } ], "schema:source": { "@id": "https://github.com/schemaorg/schemaorg/issues/1670" } }, { "@id": "schema:name", "@type": "rdf:Property", "owl:equivalentProperty": { "@id": "dcterms:title" }, "rdfs:comment": "The name of the item.", "rdfs:label": "name", "rdfs:subPropertyOf": { "@id": "rdfs:label" }, "schema:domainIncludes": { "@id": "schema:Thing" }, "schema:rangeIncludes": { "@id": "schema:Text" } }, { "@id": "schema:Action", "@type": "rdfs:Class", "rdfs:comment": "An action performed by a direct agent and indirect participants upon a direct object. Optionally happens at a location with the help of an inanimate instrument. The execution of the action may produce a result. Specific action sub-type documentation specifies the exact expectation of each argument/role.\\n\\nSee also [blog post](http://blog.schema.org/2014/04/announcing-schemaorg-actions.html) and [Actions overview document](https://schema.org/docs/actions.html).", "rdfs:label": "Action", "rdfs:subClassOf": { "@id": "schema:Thing" }, "schema:contributor": { "@id": "https://schema.org/docs/collab/ActionCollabClass" } }, { "@id": "schema:actionStatus", "@type": "rdf:Property", "rdfs:comment": "Indicates the current disposition of the Action.", "rdfs:label": "actionStatus", "schema:domainIncludes": { "@id": "schema:Action" }, "schema:rangeIncludes": { "@id": "schema:ActionStatusType" } } ] } </script> </body> </html>

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