Random Bit Generation

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-us" xml:lang="en-us"> <head><script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=HxkREWBo" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("https://csrc.nist.gov/Projects/random-bit-generation","20231208150851","https://web.archive.org/","web","/_static/", "1702048131"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=S1zqJCYt" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" />  <meta charset="utf-8"/> <title>Random Bit Generation | CSRC</title> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/> <meta http-equiv="content-style-type" content="text/css"/> <meta http-equiv="content-script-type" content="text/javascript"/> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/> <meta name="msapplication-config" content="/CSRC/Media/images/favicons/browserconfig.xml"/> <meta name="theme-color" content="#000000"/> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="xbrnrVYDgLD-Bd64xHLCt4XsPXzUhQ-4lGMj4TdUUTA"/> <meta name="description" content="Include revised/updated text from聽 http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/ST/toolkit/rng/index.html ?? 聽 --> Cryptography and security applications make extensive use of random numbers and random bits. However, constructing random bit generators and validating these..."/>  <meta name="dcterms.title" content="Random Bit Generation | CSRC | CSRC"/> <meta name="dcterms.description" content="Include revised/updated text from聽 http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/ST/toolkit/rng/index.html ?? 聽 --> Cryptography and security applications make extensive use of random numbers and random bits. However, constructing random bit generators and validating these..."/> <meta name="dcterms.creator" content="Computer Security Division, Information Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce"/> <meta name="dcterms.date.created" scheme="ISO8601" content="2016-05-24"/> <meta name="dcterms.date.reviewed" scheme="ISO8601" content="2023-11-01"/> <meta name="dcterms.language" scheme="DCTERMS.RFC1766" content="EN-US"/>  <meta name="og:site_name" content="CSRC | NIST"/> <meta name="og:type" content="article"/> <meta name="og:url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20231208150851im_/https://csrc.nist.gov/projects/random-bit-generation"/> <meta name="og:title" content="Random Bit Generation | CSRC | CSRC"/> <meta name="og:description" content="Include revised/updated text from聽 http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/ST/toolkit/rng/index.html ?? 聽 --> Cryptography and security applications make extensive use of random numbers and random bits. However, constructing random bit generators and validating these generators are very challenging. The SP 800 90 series provides guidelines and recommendations for generating random numbers for cryptographic use, and has three parts: SP 800-90A, Recommendation for Random Number Generation Using Deterministic Random Bit Generators, specifies mechanisms for the generation of random bits using deterministic methods.聽 SP 800-90B, Recommendation for the Entropy Sources Used for Random Bit Generation,聽specifies the design principles and requirements for the entropy sources used by RBGs, and the tests for the validation of entropy sources.聽 SP 800-90C, Recommendation for Random Bit Generator (RBG) Constructions (3rd DRAFT), specifies constructions for the implementations of RBGs. 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class="col-lg-8 col-sm-12"> <h3>Overview</h3> <div id="overview">  <p style="text-align:justify">Cryptography and security applications make extensive use of random numbers and random bits. However, constructing random bit generators and validating these generators are very challenging.</p> <p style="text-align:justify">The SP 800 90 series provides guidelines and recommendations for generating random numbers for cryptographic use, and has three parts:</p> <p><a data-csrc-pub-link="true" data-pub-guid="3f0041e3-b2cc-4b71-bb3a-01a90326e968" href="/web/20231208150851/https://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/sp/800/90/a/r1/final">SP 800-90A,</a> <em>Recommendation for Random Number Generation Using Deterministic Random Bit Generators,</em> specifies mechanisms for the generation of random bits using deterministic methods. </p> <p><a data-csrc-pub-link="true" data-pub-guid="ff2dba0d-a121-410f-ac70-b93c1ddc6d82" href="/web/20231208150851/https://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/sp/800/90/b/final">SP 800-90B</a><a data-csrc-pub-link="true" data-pub-guid="801a2136-d832-44d8-84d0-1931a7dee101" href="/web/20231208150851/https://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/sp/800/90/b/2pd">,</a> <em>Recommendation for the Entropy Sources Used for Random Bit Generation,</em> specifies the design principles and requirements for the entropy sources used by RBGs, and the tests for the validation of entropy sources. </p> <p><a data-csrc-pub-link="true" data-pub-guid="a3f96ea4-f7c6-4155-a3fa-5d1042c006c8" href="/web/20231208150851/https://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/sp/800/90/c/2pd">SP 800-90C</a>, <em>Recommendation for Random Bit Generator (RBG) Constructions (3rd DRAFT), specifies constructions for the implementations of RBGs.</em></p> <p style="margin-left:40px"><strong>Comment Period Closed: </strong>December 7, 2022</p> <p><a data-csrc-pub-link="true" data-pub-guid="7a865baa-b89d-4bd8-8860-75327d100e2f" href="/web/20231208150851/https://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/ir/8427/final">NIST IR 8427</a>, <em>Discussion on the Full Entropy Assumption of the SP 800 90 Series,</em> provides technical discussions to support the full entropy definition used in the SP 800 90 series.  <br>  </p> <p style="text-align:justify">The SP 800 90 series provides a basis for validation by NIST's Cryptographic Algorithm Validation Program (CAVP) and Cryptographic Module Validation Program (CMVP).</p> <p style="text-align:justify">Additionally, SP 800-22, <em>A Statistical Test Suite for Random and Pseudorandom Number Generators for Cryptographic Applications, </em>specifies a set of statistical tests for randomness.</p> <p>NIST also hosts the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231208150851/https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/nist-randomness-beacon">NIST Randomness Beacon</a> as a source of public randomness. The service includes multiple independent, commercially available sources of randomness. More information is available here:<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231208150851/https://beacon.nist.gov/home"> https://beacon.nist.gov/home</a>)</p> <h4>News and Announcements</h4> <ul> <li>NIST is working on a revision of SP 800 90A to incorporate public comments.</li> <li>NIST recently completed a periodic review of SP 800-22, and is planning to revise the publication. For more information: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231208150851/https://csrc.nist.gov/news/2022/decision-to-revise-nist-sp-800-22-rev-1a" style="color:blue; text-decoration:underline">https://csrc.nist.gov/news/2022/decision-to-revise-nist-sp-800-22-rev-1a</a></li> </ul> <h4 style="text-align:justify">Links</h4> <ul> <li><a data-csrc-link="true" data-node-guid="2cd0f4dd-a85a-4b36-9464-43692656bd60" href="/web/20231208150851/https://csrc.nist.gov/projects/cryptographic-module-validation-program/entropy-validations">Entropy validations by the Cryptographic Module Validation Program</a> </li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231208150851/https://csrc.nist.gov/projects/cryptographic-standards-and-guidelines/example-values">Examples with Intermediate Values</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231208150851/https://csrc.nist.gov/Projects/Computer-Security-Objects-Register/Algorithm-Registration">Object Identifiers (OIDs)</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="col-lg-4 hidden-xs hidden-sm hidden-md"> <div class="project-nav-container"> <div class="bs-callout bs-callout-subnav" id="projectLinksContainer-lg"> <h4><i class="fa fa-link"></i> Project Links</h4> <div class="project-icons-container"> <span> <a href="/web/20231208150851/https://csrc.nist.gov/projects/random-bit-generation" id="SideNavOverviewLink"> <i class="fa fa-info-circle"></i> Overview </a> </span> <span> <a href="/web/20231208150851/https://csrc.nist.gov/Projects/random-bit-generation/news" id="SideNavNewsLink" data-count="12"> <i class="fa fa-newspaper-o"></i> News & Updates </a> </span> <span> <a href="/web/20231208150851/https://csrc.nist.gov/Projects/random-bit-generation/events" id="SideNavEventsLink" data-count="4"> <i class="fa fa-calendar-o"></i> Events </a> </span> <span> <a href="/web/20231208150851/https://csrc.nist.gov/Projects/random-bit-generation/publications" id="SideNavPubsLink" data-count="8"> <i class="fa fa-file-text"></i> Publications </a> </span> </div> <h4>Additional Pages</h4> <div id="projectPagesCallout-lg"> <a class="csrc-add-page" data-node-level="0" data-node-order="1" href="/web/20231208150851/https://csrc.nist.gov/Projects/random-bit-generation/Documentation-and-Software" id="projPage0" style="border-left: solid 0rem transparent;">NIST SP 800-22: Documentation and Software</a> <a class="csrc-add-page" data-node-level="1" data-node-order="1" href="/web/20231208150851/https://csrc.nist.gov/Projects/random-bit-generation/Documentation-and-Software/Guide-to-the-Statistical-Tests" id="projPage1" style="border-left: solid 1rem transparent;">Guide to the Statistical Tests</a> <a class="csrc-add-page" data-node-level="0" data-node-order="2" href="/web/20231208150851/https://csrc.nist.gov/Projects/random-bit-generation/RBG-Archive" id="projPage2" style="border-left: solid 0rem transparent;">RBG Archive</a> <a class="csrc-add-page" data-node-level="1" data-node-order="1" href="/web/20231208150851/https://csrc.nist.gov/Projects/random-bit-generation/RBG-Archive/NIST-SP-800-90-Historical-Information" id="projPage3" style="border-left: solid 1rem transparent;">NIST SP 800-90 Historical Information</a> <a class="csrc-add-page" data-node-level="0" data-node-order="3" href="/web/20231208150851/https://csrc.nist.gov/Projects/random-bit-generation/email-list-rbg-forum" id="projPage4" style="border-left: solid 0rem transparent;">Email List (rbg-forum)</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="bs-callout bs-callout-success" id="contactsCallout-lg"> <h4><i class="fa fa-user"></i> Contacts</h4> <p id="projContact0"><span class="contact-display"><strong data-field="full-name"> <span data-field="firstname">Random Bit Generation</span> <span data-field="lastname">Team</span> </strong><br/><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231208150851/mailto:rbg_comments@nist.gov" data-field="email">rbg_comments@nist.gov</a><br/></span></p> <p id="projContact1"><span class="contact-display"><strong data-field="full-name"> <span data-field="firstname">Elaine</span> <span data-field="lastname">Barker</span> </strong><br/></span></p> <p id="projContact2"><span class="contact-display"><strong data-field="full-name"> <span data-field="firstname">Lawrence</span> <span data-field="lastname">Bassham</span> </strong><br/></span></p> <p id="projContact3"><span class="contact-display"><strong data-field="full-name"> <span data-field="firstname">Alexander</span> <span data-field="lastname">Calis</span> </strong><br/></span></p> <p id="projContact4"><span class="contact-display"><strong data-field="full-name"> <span data-field="firstname">Chris</span> <span data-field="lastname">Celi</span> </strong><br/></span></p> <p id="projContact5"><span class="contact-display"><strong data-field="full-name"> <span data-field="firstname">Tim</span> <span data-field="lastname">Hall</span> </strong><br/></span></p> <p id="projContact6"><span class="contact-display"><strong data-field="full-name"> <span data-field="firstname">John</span> <span data-field="lastname">Kelsey</span> </strong><br/></span></p> <p id="projContact7"><span class="contact-display"><strong data-field="full-name"> <span data-field="firstname">Kerry</span> <span data-field="lastname">McKay</span> </strong><br/></span></p> <p id="projContact8"><span class="contact-display"><strong data-field="full-name"> <span data-field="firstname">Allen</span> <span data-field="lastname">Roginsky</span> </strong><br/></span></p> <p id="projContact9"><span class="contact-display"><strong data-field="full-name"> <span data-field="firstname">Meltem</span> <span data-field="lastname">S枚nmez Turan</span> </strong><br/></span></p> </div> <div class="bs-callout bs-callout-danger" id="owningGroupCallout-lg"> <h4><i class="fa fa-sitemap"></i> Group</h4> <a href="/web/20231208150851/https://csrc.nist.gov/Groups/Computer-Security-Division/Cryptographic-Technology">Cryptographic Technology</a> </div> <div class="bs-callout bs-callout-danger" id="topicsCallout-lg"> <h4><i class="fa fa-tag"></i> Topics</h4> <p> <strong id="catName0-lg">Security and Privacy:</strong> <a id="catTopLink0-0-lg" href="/web/20231208150851/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/cryptography/random-number-generation">random number generation</a> </p> </div> <div class="bs-callout bs-callout-warning" id="relatedProjectsCallout-lg"> <h4>Related Projects</h4> <a href="/web/20231208150851/https://csrc.nist.gov/Projects/crypto-standards-development-process" id="relProjLink0">Crypto Standards Development Process</a><br/> <a href="/web/20231208150851/https://csrc.nist.gov/Projects/cryptographic-module-validation-program" id="relProjLink1">Cryptographic Module Validation Program</a><br/> <a href="/web/20231208150851/https://csrc.nist.gov/Projects/cryptographic-standards-and-guidelines" id="relProjLink2">Cryptographic Standards and Guidelines</a><br/> <a href="/web/20231208150851/https://csrc.nist.gov/Projects/digital-signatures" id="relProjLink3">Digital Signatures</a><br/> <a href="/web/20231208150851/https://csrc.nist.gov/Projects/entropy-as-a-service" id="relProjLink4">Entropy as a Service</a><br/> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row visible-sm visible-xs visible-md"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="bs-callout bs-callout-subnav" id="projectPagesCallout-sm"> <h4>Additional Pages</h4> <p> <a class="csrc-add-page" data-node-level="0" data-node-order="1" href="/web/20231208150851/https://csrc.nist.gov/Projects/random-bit-generation/Documentation-and-Software" id="projPage0-sm" style="border-left: solid 0rem transparent;">NIST SP 800-22: Documentation and Software</a> <a class="csrc-add-page" data-node-level="1" data-node-order="1" href="/web/20231208150851/https://csrc.nist.gov/Projects/random-bit-generation/Documentation-and-Software/Guide-to-the-Statistical-Tests" id="projPage1-sm" style="border-left: solid 1rem transparent;">Guide to the Statistical Tests</a> <a class="csrc-add-page" data-node-level="0" data-node-order="2" href="/web/20231208150851/https://csrc.nist.gov/Projects/random-bit-generation/RBG-Archive" id="projPage2-sm" style="border-left: solid 0rem transparent;">RBG Archive</a> <a class="csrc-add-page" data-node-level="1" data-node-order="1" href="/web/20231208150851/https://csrc.nist.gov/Projects/random-bit-generation/RBG-Archive/NIST-SP-800-90-Historical-Information" id="projPage3-sm" style="border-left: solid 1rem transparent;">NIST SP 800-90 Historical Information</a> <a class="csrc-add-page" data-node-level="0" data-node-order="3" href="/web/20231208150851/https://csrc.nist.gov/Projects/random-bit-generation/email-list-rbg-forum" id="projPage4-sm" style="border-left: solid 0rem transparent;">Email List (rbg-forum)</a> </p> </div> <div class="bs-callout bs-callout-subnav" id="contactsCallout-sm"> <h4><i class="fa fa-user"></i> Contacts</h4> <p style="padding-left: 15px;"> <span id="projContact0-sm"><span class="contact-display"><strong data-field="full-name"> <span data-field="firstname">Random Bit Generation</span> <span data-field="lastname">Team</span> </strong><br/><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231208150851/mailto:rbg_comments@nist.gov" data-field="email">rbg_comments@nist.gov</a><br/></span></span><br/> <span id="projContact1-sm"><span class="contact-display"><strong data-field="full-name"> <span data-field="firstname">Elaine</span> <span data-field="lastname">Barker</span> </strong><br/></span></span><br/> <span id="projContact2-sm"><span class="contact-display"><strong data-field="full-name"> <span data-field="firstname">Lawrence</span> <span data-field="lastname">Bassham</span> </strong><br/></span></span><br/> <span id="projContact3-sm"><span class="contact-display"><strong data-field="full-name"> <span data-field="firstname">Alexander</span> <span data-field="lastname">Calis</span> </strong><br/></span></span><br/> <span id="projContact4-sm"><span class="contact-display"><strong data-field="full-name"> <span data-field="firstname">Chris</span> <span data-field="lastname">Celi</span> </strong><br/></span></span><br/> <span id="projContact5-sm"><span class="contact-display"><strong data-field="full-name"> <span data-field="firstname">Tim</span> <span data-field="lastname">Hall</span> </strong><br/></span></span><br/> <span id="projContact6-sm"><span class="contact-display"><strong data-field="full-name"> <span data-field="firstname">John</span> <span data-field="lastname">Kelsey</span> </strong><br/></span></span><br/> <span id="projContact7-sm"><span class="contact-display"><strong data-field="full-name"> <span data-field="firstname">Kerry</span> <span data-field="lastname">McKay</span> </strong><br/></span></span><br/> <span id="projContact8-sm"><span class="contact-display"><strong data-field="full-name"> <span data-field="firstname">Allen</span> <span data-field="lastname">Roginsky</span> </strong><br/></span></span><br/> <span id="projContact9-sm"><span class="contact-display"><strong data-field="full-name"> <span data-field="firstname">Meltem</span> <span data-field="lastname">S枚nmez Turan</span> </strong><br/></span></span><br/> </p> </div> <div class="bs-callout bs-callout-danger" id="owningGroupCallout-sm"> <h4><i class="fa fa-sitemap"></i> Group</h4> <a href="/web/20231208150851/https://csrc.nist.gov/Groups/Computer-Security-Division/Cryptographic-Technology">Cryptographic Technology</a> </div> <div class="bs-callout bs-callout-danger" id="topicsCallout-sm"> <h4><i class="fa fa-tag"></i> Topics</h4> <p> <strong id="catName0-sm">Security and Privacy:</strong> <a id="catTopLink0-0-sm" href="/web/20231208150851/https://csrc.nist.gov/Topics/Security-and-Privacy/cryptography/random-number-generation">random number generation</a> </p> </div> <div class="bs-callout bs-callout-warning" id="relatedProjectsCallout-sm"> <h4>Related Projects</h4> <p> <a href="/web/20231208150851/https://csrc.nist.gov/Projects/crypto-standards-development-process" id="relProjLink0-sm">Crypto Standards Development Process</a><br/> <a href="/web/20231208150851/https://csrc.nist.gov/Projects/cryptographic-module-validation-program" id="relProjLink1-sm">Cryptographic Module Validation Program</a><br/> <a href="/web/20231208150851/https://csrc.nist.gov/Projects/cryptographic-standards-and-guidelines" id="relProjLink2-sm">Cryptographic Standards and Guidelines</a><br/> <a href="/web/20231208150851/https://csrc.nist.gov/Projects/digital-signatures" id="relProjLink3-sm">Digital Signatures</a><br/> <a href="/web/20231208150851/https://csrc.nist.gov/Projects/entropy-as-a-service" id="relProjLink4-sm">Entropy as a Service</a><br/> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 historical-data-area" id="historical-data-area"> <span>Created <span id="page-created-date">May 24, 2016</span>, Updated <span id="page-updated-date">November 01, 2023</span></span> </div> </div> <div id="footer-pusher"></div> </div> <footer id="footer"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-6"> <span class="hidden-xs"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231208150851/https://www.nist.gov/" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology" rel="home" target="_blank" class="footer-nist-logo" id="footer-nist-logo-link"> <img src="/web/20231208150851im_/https://csrc.nist.gov/CSRC/Media/images/nist-logo-brand-white.svg" alt="National Institute of Standards and Technology logo" id="footer-nist-logo"/> </a> </span> <div class="row footer-contact-container"> <div class="col-sm-12" id="footer-address"> <strong>HEADQUARTERS</strong><br> 100 Bureau Drive<br> Gaithersburg, MD 20899 </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6"> <ul class="social-list text-right" style="display: block;"> <li class="field-item service-twitter list-horiz"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231208150851/https://twitter.com/NISTCyber" 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