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class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_no.wikipedia.org&uselang=nb" class=""><span>Doner</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Opprett_konto&returnto=Periodesystemet" title="Du oppfordres til å opprette en konto og logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk" class=""><span>Opprett konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&returnto=Periodesystemet" title="Du oppfordres til å logge inn, men det er ikke 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mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logg inn</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Nettsted"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innhold" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhold</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Til toppen)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Periodesystemet_i_tabellform" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Periodesystemet_i_tabellform"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Periodesystemet i tabellform</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Periodesystemet_i_tabellform-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oppbygging" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oppbygging"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Oppbygging</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Oppbygging-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Oppbygging</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Oppbygging-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Atomnummer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Atomnummer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Atomnummer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Atomnummer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Atommasse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Atommasse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Atommasse</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Atommasse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Perioder" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perioder"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Perioder</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perioder-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grupper" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grupper"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Grupper</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grupper-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Elektronegativitet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elektronegativitet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Elektronegativitet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elektronegativitet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nummerering" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nummerering"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>Nummerering</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nummerering-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kjemiske_serier" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kjemiske_serier"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Kjemiske serier</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kjemiske_serier-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Blokker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Blokker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Blokker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Blokker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grunnstoffenes_forekomst" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grunnstoffenes_forekomst"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Grunnstoffenes forekomst</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Grunnstoffenes_forekomst-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Grunnstoffenes forekomst</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Grunnstoffenes_forekomst-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Isotoper" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Isotoper"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Isotoper</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Isotoper-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrasjon_av_periodesystemet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrasjon_av_periodesystemet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Administrasjon av periodesystemet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrasjon_av_periodesystemet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Historie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Historie</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-De_første_skrittene" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#De_første_skrittene"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>De første skrittene</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-De_første_skrittene-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Det_første_utkastet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Det_første_utkastet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Det første utkastet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Det_første_utkastet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dagens_periodesystem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dagens_periodesystem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Dagens periodesystem</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dagens_periodesystem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Se_også" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_også"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Se også</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_også-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referanser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referanser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Referanser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referanser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kilder" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kilder"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Kilder</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kilder-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_lenker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_lenker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Eksterne lenker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_lenker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Periodesystemet</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 202 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-202" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">202 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodesystemet" title="Periodesystemet – norsk nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Periodesystemet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norsk nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="lovende artikkel"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodiske_system" title="Periodiske system – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Periodiske system" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodiska_systemet" title="Periodiska systemet – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Periodiska systemet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skei%C3%B0bundna_skipanin" title="Skeiðbundna skipanin – færøysk" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Skeiðbundna skipanin" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="færøysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotukerfi%C3%B0" title="Lotukerfið – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Lotukerfið" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodieke_tabel" title="Periodieke tabel – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Periodieke tabel" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodensystem" title="Periodensystem – sveitsertysk" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Periodensystem" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="sveitsertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%A5%E1%88%A8_%E1%8A%90%E1%8C%88%E1%88%AE%E1%89%BD_%E1%88%A0%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%A0%E1%88%A8%E1%8B%A5" title="የንጥረ ነገሮች ሠንጠረዥ – amharisk" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የንጥረ ነገሮች ሠንጠረዥ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A1i%C4%91ul%C3%A2%C5%A1_vu%C3%A1h%C3%A1d%C3%A2h" title="Ráiđulâš vuáhádâh – enaresamisk" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Ráiđulâš vuáhádâh" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="enaresamisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80" title="आवर्त सारणी – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="आवर्त सारणी" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D2%9B%D3%99%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D3%99_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Аелементқәа рпериодикатә система – abkhasisk" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Аелементқәа рпериодикатә система" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abkhasisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="الجدول الدوري – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الجدول الدوري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabla_periodica_d%27os_elementos" title="Tabla periodica d'os elementos – aragonsk" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Tabla periodica d'os elementos" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabela_periodic%C3%A3-a_elements%C3%A3lor" title="Tabela periodicã-a elementsãlor – aromansk" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Tabela periodicã-a elementsãlor" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aromansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE" title="পৰ্যাবৃত্ত তালিকা – assamesisk" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="পৰ্যাবৃত্ত তালিকা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabla_peri%C3%B3dica" title="Tabla periódica – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Tabla periódica" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2" title="पीरियॉडिक टेबल – avadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="पीरियॉडिक टेबल" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="avadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ap%E1%BB%B9i_k%C3%ADmiko_rechaukaha" title="Apỹi kímiko rechaukaha – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Apỹi kímiko rechaukaha" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimy%C9%99vi_elementl%C9%99rin_d%C3%B6vri_sistemi" title="Kimyəvi elementlərin dövri sistemi – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kimyəvi elementlərin dövri sistemi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%B1_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%88" title="شیمیایی المنتلر تابلوسو – søraserbajdsjansk" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="شیمیایی المنتلر تابلوسو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="søraserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tab%C3%A9l_p%C3%A9riodik" title="Tabél périodik – balinesisk" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Tabél périodik" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BF" title="পর্যায় সারণি – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পর্যায় সারণি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiu-k%C3%AE-pi%C3%A1u" title="Chiu-kî-piáu – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chiu-kî-piáu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D2%99%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Химик элементтарҙың периодик системаһы – basjkirsk" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Химик элементтарҙың периодик системаһы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="basjkirsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Перыядычная сістэма элементаў – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Перыядычная сістэма элементаў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%85%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%9E" title="Пэрыядычная сыстэма хімічных элемэнтаў – belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Пэрыядычная сыстэма хімічных элемэнтаў" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2" title="पीरियॉडिक टेबल – bihari" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="पीरियॉडिक टेबल" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="bihari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peryodikong_tableta" title="Peryodikong tableta – sentralbikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Peryodikong tableta" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="sentralbikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Периодична система – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Периодична система" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodnsystem" title="Periodnsystem – bairisk" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Periodnsystem" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bairisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%A9%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%AB%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%81%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8D" title="རྩ་རྫས་ཀྱི་དུས་འཁོར་རེའུ་མིག། – tibetansk" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="རྩ་རྫས་ཀྱི་དུས་འཁོར་རེའུ་མིག།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodni_sistem_elemenata" title="Periodni sistem elemenata – bosnisk" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Periodni sistem elemenata" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taolenn_beriodek_an_elfenno%C3%B9" title="Taolenn beriodek an elfennoù – bretonsk" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Taolenn beriodek an elfennoù" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%85%D1%8D_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8D" title="Үелхэ системэ – burjatisk" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Үелхэ системэ" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="burjatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taula_peri%C3%B2dica" title="Taula periòdica – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Taula periòdica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%82%C4%83%D0%BC%C4%95" title="Элементсен периодла тытăмĕ – tsjuvasjisk" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Элементсен периодла тытăмĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tsjuvasjisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talaang_peryodiko" title="Talaang peryodiko – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Talaang peryodiko" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodick%C3%A1_tabulka" title="Periodická tabulka – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Periodická tabulka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapotera_cheNhangande_Dzakadevana" title="Chapotera cheNhangande Dzakadevana – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chapotera cheNhangande Dzakadevana" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tavola_periodica" title="Tavola periodica – korsikansk" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Tavola periodica" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsikansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabl_cyfnodol" title="Tabl cyfnodol – walisisk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Tabl cyfnodol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="طابلو دوري – marokkansk-arabisk" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="طابلو دوري" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="marokkansk-arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodala%C5%A1_tabealla" title="Periodalaš tabealla – nordsamisk" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Periodalaš tabealla" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="nordsamisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodensystem" title="Periodensystem – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Periodensystem" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%95%DE%A9%DE%83%DE%A8%DE%87%DE%A6%DE%91%DE%A8%DE%86%DE%B0_%DE%8C%DE%A7%DE%88%DE%A6%DE%8D%DE%AA" title="ޕީރިއަޑިކް ތާވަލު – divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ޕީރިއަޑިކް ތާވަލު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keemiliste_elementide_perioodilisuss%C3%BCsteem" title="Keemiliste elementide perioodilisussüsteem – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Keemiliste elementide perioodilisussüsteem" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%80%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%82_%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD_%CF%87%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8E%CE%BD_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%B9%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CF%89%CE%BD" title="Περιοδικός πίνακας των χημικών στοιχείων – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Περιοδικός πίνακας των χημικών στοιχείων" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table" title="Periodic table – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Periodic table" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabla_peri%C3%B3dica_de_los_elementos" title="Tabla periódica de los elementos – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tabla periódica de los elementos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perioda_tabelo" title="Perioda tabelo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Perioda tabelo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabra_peri%C3%BAdica_e_los_elementus" title="Tabra periúdica e los elementus – ekstremaduransk" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Tabra periúdica e los elementus" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="ekstremaduransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taula_periodikoa" title="Taula periodikoa – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Taula periodikoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="anbefalt artikkel-merke"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="جدول تناوبی – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جدول تناوبی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table" title="Periodic table – fijiansk hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Periodic table" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="fijiansk hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tableau_p%C3%A9riodique_des_%C3%A9l%C3%A9ments" title="Tableau périodique des éléments – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tableau périodique des éléments" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodyk_systeem_fan_de_eleminten" title="Periodyk systeem fan de eleminten – vestfrisisk" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Periodyk systeem fan de eleminten" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="vestfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabele_periodiche" title="Tabele periodiche – friuliansk" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Tabele periodiche" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friuliansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1bla_peiriadach" title="Tábla peiriadach – irsk" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Tábla peiriadach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taabyl_reiltagh_ny_bunstooghyn" title="Taabyl reiltagh ny bunstooghyn – mansk" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Taabyl reiltagh ny bunstooghyn" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="mansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cl%C3%A0r_pillteach" title="Clàr pillteach – skotsk-gælisk" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Clàr pillteach" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skotsk-gælisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1boa_peri%C3%B3dica_dos_elementos" title="Táboa periódica dos elementos – galisisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Táboa periódica dos elementos" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Химе элементий мура система – ingusjisk" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Химе элементий мура система" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingusjisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" title="元素週期表 – gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="元素週期表" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metha_Njokereri" title="Metha Njokereri – kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Metha Njokereri" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%86%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A4_%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B7%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9F%E0%AA%95" title="આવર્ત કોષ્ટક – gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="આવર્ત કોષ્ટક" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngi%C3%A8n-su_ch%C3%BB-kh%C3%AC-p%C3%A9u" title="Ngièn-su chû-khì-péu – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Ngièn-su chû-khì-péu" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A3%BC%EA%B8%B0%EC%9C%A8%ED%91%9C" title="주기율표 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="주기율표" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%AF" title="Պարբերական աղյուսակ – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պարբերական աղյուսակ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80" title="आवर्त सारणी – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आवर्त सारणी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodni_sustav_elemenata" title="Periodni sustav elemenata – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Periodni sustav elemenata" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodala_tabelo" title="Periodala tabelo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Periodala tabelo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodiko_a_lamisaan_dagiti_elemento" title="Periodiko a lamisaan dagiti elemento – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Periodiko a lamisaan dagiti elemento" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%80" title="পর্যায় সারণী – bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="পর্যায় সারণী" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabel_periodik" title="Tabel periodik – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tabel periodik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabella_periodic_del_elementos" title="Tabella periodic del elementos – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Tabella periodic del elementos" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabelle_periodic" title="Tabelle periodic – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Tabelle periodic" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%C3%A6" title="Элементты периодон системæ – ossetisk" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Элементты периодон системæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icansi_lezinhlwa" title="Icansi lezinhlwa – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Icansi lezinhlwa" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tavola_periodica_degli_elementi" title="Tavola periodica degli elementi – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tavola periodica degli elementi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%98%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%96%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA" title="הטבלה המחזורית – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הטבלה המחזורית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prat%C3%A9lan_unsur_miturut_lambang" title="Pratélan unsur miturut lambang – javanesisk" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Pratélan unsur miturut lambang" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4_%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%95" title="ಆವರ್ತ ಕೋಷ್ಟಕ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಆವರ್ತ ಕೋಷ್ಟಕ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tablang_periodiku_da_ring_elementu" title="Tablang periodiku da ring elementu – pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Tablang periodiku da ring elementu" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%97%E1%83%90_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="ქიმიურ ელემენტთა პერიოდული სისტემა – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ქიმიურ ელემენტთა პერიოდული სისტემა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%96%D2%A3_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B6%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%96" title="Химиялық элементтердің периодтық жүйесі – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Химиялық элементтердің периодтық жүйесі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Vosen_Beriodek" title="An Vosen Beriodek – kornisk" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="An Vosen Beriodek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mfumo_radidia" title="Mfumo radidia – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mfumo radidia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%BB%D3%A7%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Химия элементъяслӧн период система – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Химия элементъяслӧн период система" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tablo_klasifikasyon_peryodik_eleman" title="Tablo klasifikasyon peryodik eleman – haitisk" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Tablo klasifikasyon peryodik eleman" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tablo_p%C3%A9ryodik_di_s%C3%A9_%C3%A9l%C3%A9man" title="Tablo péryodik di sé éléman – franskguyansk kreol" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Tablo péryodik di sé éléman" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="franskguyansk kreol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%AEstema_vedor%C3%AE_ya_elementan" title="Sîstema vedorî ya elementan – kurdisk" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Sîstema vedorî ya elementan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Элементтер мезгилдик системасы – kirgisisk" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Элементтер мезгилдик системасы" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabela_periodica_di_elemenc" title="Tabela periodica di elemenc – ladinsk" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Tabela periodica di elemenc" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="ladinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94" title="ຕາຕະລາງທາດ – laotisk" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຕາຕະລາງທາດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laotisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systema_periodicum" title="Systema periodicum – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Systema periodicum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B6%C4%ABmisko_elementu_periodisk%C4%81_tabula" title="Ķīmisko elementu periodiskā tabula – latvisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ķīmisko elementu periodiskā tabula" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodesystem_vun_den_Elementer" title="Periodesystem vun den Elementer – luxemburgsk" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Periodesystem vun den Elementer" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Химиядин элементрин девирдин система – lesgisk" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Химиядин элементрин девирдин система" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lesgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodin%C4%97_element%C5%B3_lentel%C4%97" title="Periodinė elementų lentelė – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Periodinė elementų lentelė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodiek_systeem_vaan_eleminte" title="Periodiek systeem vaan eleminte – limburgsk" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Periodiek systeem vaan eleminte" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Et%C3%A1nda_ya_bileko" title="Etánda ya bileko – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Etánda ya bileko" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/dikni_selratni_cartu" title="dikni selratni cartu – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="dikni selratni cartu" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taula_periodica" title="Taula periodica – lombardisk" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Taula periodica" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A9miai_elemek_peri%C3%B3dusos_rendszere" title="Kémiai elemek periódusos rendszere – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kémiai elemek periódusos rendszere" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Периоден систем на елементите – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Периоден систем на елементите" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabilaon%27ny_singa" title="Tabilaon'ny singa – gassisk" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tabilaon'ny singa" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="gassisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95" title="ആവർത്തനപ്പട്ടിക – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആവർത്തനപ്പട്ടിക" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tavla_perjodika" title="Tavla perjodika – maltesisk" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Tavla perjodika" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripanga_p%C5%ABmotu" title="Ripanga pūmotu – maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Ripanga pūmotu" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80" title="आवर्त सारणी – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आवर्त सारणी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="ქიმიური ელემენტეფიშ პერიოდული სისტემა – mingrelsk" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ქიმიური ელემენტეფიშ პერიოდული სისტემა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%89" title="جدول دورى – egyptisk arabisk" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جدول دورى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%B9%E1%81%9A%E1%80%AD%E1%80%A1%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9C" title="သ္ၚိအင်ကာလ – mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="သ္ၚိအင်ကာလ" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jadual_berkala" title="Jadual berkala – malayisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Jadual berkala" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabel_periodik" title="Tabel periodik – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Tabel periodik" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngu%C3%B2ng-s%C3%B3_ci%C5%AD-g%C4%AD-bi%C4%93u" title="Nguòng-só ciŭ-gĭ-biēu – mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Nguòng-só ciŭ-gĭ-biēu" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabela_peri%C3%B3dica" title="Tabela periódica – mirandesisk" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Tabela periódica" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8D%D1%85_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Үелэх систем – mongolsk" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Үелэх систем" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%92%E1%80%BC%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BE%E1%80%8A%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%87%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ဒြပ်စင်အလှည့်ကျဇယား – burmesisk" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဒြပ်စင်အလှည့်ကျဇယား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlap%C4%93uhc%C4%81y%C5%8Dtl_nemachiy%C5%8Dt%C4%ABlp%C4%81ntli" title="Tlapēuhcāyōtl nemachiyōtīlpāntli – nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Tlapēuhcāyōtl nemachiyōtīlpāntli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodiek_systeem" title="Periodiek systeem – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Periodiek systeem" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80" title="आवर्त सारणी – nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="आवर्त सारणी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82" title="तत्त्वमां – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="तत्त्वमां" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="anbefalt artikkel-merke"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" title="周期表 – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="周期表" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%85%D3%80%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Химин хӀумалгийн рогӀаллин система – tsjetsjensk" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Химин хӀумалгийн рогӀаллин система" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tsjetsjensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="anbefalt artikkel-merke"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perioodisch_tab%C3%A4le" title="Perioodisch tabäle – nordfrisisk" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Perioodisch tabäle" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="nordfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taula_periodica" title="Taula periodica – oksitansk" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Taula periodica" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%82%D3%B1%D2%A5%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA-%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%B5" title="Химий тӱҥлык-влакын периодик радамлыкше – østmarisk" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Химий тӱҥлык-влакын периодик радамлыкше" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="østmarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AF%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AC%BE%E0%AD%9F_%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%A3%E0%AD%80" title="ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟ ସାରଣୀ – odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟ ସାରଣୀ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabatee_Wahiyyoolee" title="Gabatee Wahiyyoolee – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Gabatee Wahiyyoolee" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimyoviy_elementlar_davriy_sistemasi" title="Kimyoviy elementlar davriy sistemasi – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kimyoviy elementlar davriy sistemasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A9%9C%E0%A8%BE" title="ਮਿਆਦੀ ਪਹਾੜਾ – panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਿਆਦੀ ਪਹਾੜਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%88%DA%A9_%D9%B9%DB%8C%D8%A8%D9%84" title="پیریاڈک ٹیبل – vestpunjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پیریاڈک ٹیبل" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="vestpunjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%91%E1%80%B2%E1%80%B7%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B7%EA%A9%BB_%E1%80%91%E1%80%AC%EA%A9%BB%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="အထဲ့ရော့ꩻ ထာꩻရွောင် – pa'o" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="အထဲ့ရော့ꩻ ထာꩻရွောင်" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="pa'o" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tab%C3%A8l_peri%C3%B3diko" title="Tabèl periódiko – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Tabèl periódiko" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%88_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84" title="دعناصرو دوراني جدول – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="دعناصرو دوراني جدول" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piiriadik_tiebl" title="Piiriadik tiebl – jamaicansk kreolengelsk" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Piiriadik tiebl" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="jamaicansk kreolengelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%B7_%D1%81%D1%8C%D3%A7%D1%80%D1%82%D1%96_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D3%A7%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BB%D3%A7%D0%BD_%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Периоддэз сьӧрті химия ӧтувторрезлӧн тэчас – komipermjakisk" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Периоддэз сьӧрті химия ӧтувторрезлӧн тэчас" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="komipermjakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%81%E1%9E%BD%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%83%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B8" title="តារាងខួបនៃធាតុគីមី – khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="តារាងខួបនៃធាតុគីមី" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tableau_p%C3%A9riodique" title="Tableau périodique – pikardisk" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Tableau périodique" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="pikardisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A0ula_peri%C3%B2dica" title="Tàula periòdica – piemontesisk" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Tàula periòdica" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tebol_bilong_ol_elemen" title="Tebol bilong ol elemen – tok pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Tebol bilong ol elemen" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tok pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodensystem" title="Periodensystem – nedertysk" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Periodensystem" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="nedertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uk%C5%82ad_okresowy_pierwiastk%C3%B3w" title="Układ okresowy pierwiastków – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Układ okresowy pierwiastków" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CE%BD_%CE%A0%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%BD" title="Περιοδικόν Πινάκιν – pontisk" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Περιοδικόν Πινάκιν" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="pontisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabela_peri%C3%B3dica" title="Tabela periódica – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tabela periódica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabelul_periodic_al_elementelor" title="Tabelul periodic al elementelor – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tabelul periodic al elementelor" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qallawap_%C3%B1iqi_rakirinkuna" title="Qallawap ñiqi rakirinkuna – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Qallawap ñiqi rakirinkuna" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B2" title="Періодічна сістема елементів – rusinsk" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Періодічна сістема елементів" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="rusinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Периодическая система химических элементов – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Периодическая система химических элементов" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%85_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Периодтаах таабыл – sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Периодтаах таабыл" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80" title="आवर्तसारणी – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="आवर्तसारणी" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A0ula_peri%C3%B2dica_de_is_elementos" title="Tàula periòdica de is elementos – sardisk" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Tàula periòdica de is elementos" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_cairt" title="Periodic cairt – skotsk" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Periodic cairt" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodiske_Tabelle" title="Periodiske Tabelle – saterfrisisk" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Periodiske Tabelle" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tafole_ya_periodiki" title="Tafole ya periodiki – sør-sotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Tafole ya periodiki" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="sør-sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistemi_periodik_i_elementeve" title="Sistemi periodik i elementeve – albansk" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Sistemi periodik i elementeve" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A0vula_piri%C3%B2dica" title="Tàvula piriòdica – siciliansk" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Tàvula piriòdica" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%86%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8F_%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80" title="ආවර්තිතා වගුව – singalesisk" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ආවර්තිතා වගුව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table" title="Periodic table – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Periodic table" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84" title="دوري جدول – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="دوري جدول" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodick%C3%A1_tabu%C4%BEka" title="Periodická tabuľka – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Periodická tabuľka" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodni_sistem_elementov" title="Periodni sistem elementov – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Periodni sistem elementov" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uk%C5%82%C5%8Fd_%C3%B4kresowy_elymynt%C5%8Dw" title="Ukłŏd ôkresowy elymyntōw – schlesisk" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Ukłŏd ôkresowy elymyntōw" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="schlesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jadwalka_Curiyayaasha" title="Jadwalka Curiyayaasha – somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Jadwalka Curiyayaasha" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B4%D8%AA%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="خشتەی خولی – sentralkurdisk" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="خشتەی خولی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sentralkurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodiki_sistemi" title="Periodiki sistemi – sranan" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Periodiki sistemi" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="sranan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Периодни систем – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Периодни систем" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodni_sistem_elemenata" title="Periodni sistem elemenata – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Periodni sistem elemenata" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tab%C3%A9l_periodik" title="Tabél periodik – sundanesisk" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Tabél periodik" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="lovende artikkel"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaksollinen_j%C3%A4rjestelm%C3%A4" title="Jaksollinen järjestelmä – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jaksollinen järjestelmä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talahanayang_peryodiko" title="Talahanayang peryodiko – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Talahanayang peryodiko" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%88" title="தனிம அட்டவணை – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தனிம அட்டவணை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taflwit_tazdawant_n_ifr%E1%B8%8Disn" title="Taflwit tazdawant n ifrḍisn – tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Taflwit tazdawant n ifrḍisn" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tafelwit_tawalant" title="Tafelwit tawalant – kabylsk" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tafelwit tawalant" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabylsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tavele_Periodiche" title="Tavele Periodiche – tarantinsk" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Tavele Periodiche" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="tarantinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Менделеевның периодик таблицасы – tatarisk" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Менделеевның периодик таблицасы" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%A8_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95" title="ఆవర్తన పట్టిక – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఆవర్తన పట్టిక" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="anbefalt artikkel-merke"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B8" title="ตารางธาตุ – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ตารางธาตุ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B6%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%91%D3%A3" title="Ҷадвали даврии унсурҳои кимиёӣ – tadsjikisk" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҷадвали даврии унсурҳои кимиёӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadsjikisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periyodik_tablo" title="Periyodik tablo – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Periyodik tablo" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himiki_elementleri%C5%88_periodik_ulgamy" title="Himiki elementleriň periodik ulgamy – turkmensk" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Himiki elementleriň periodik ulgamy" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B3_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D2%A3_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B3_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8B" title="Химиктиг элементилерниң периодтуг системазы – tuvinsk" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Химиктиг элементилерниң периодтуг системазы" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuvinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%85%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B2" title="Періодична система хімічних елементів – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Періодична система хімічних елементів" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84" title="دوری جدول – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="دوری جدول" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%90%D9%84%DB%90%D9%85%DB%90%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%89%DA%AD_%D8%AF%DB%95%DB%8B%D8%B1%D9%89%D9%8A_%D8%AC%DB%95%DB%95%D8%AF%DB%8B%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="ئېلېمېنتلارنىڭ دەۋرىي جەەدۋىلى – uigurisk" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئېلېمېنتلارنىڭ دەۋرىي جەەدۋىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigurisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yenzsoq_Couhgibyauj" title="Yenzsoq Couhgibyauj – zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Yenzsoq Couhgibyauj" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabe%C5%82a_peri%C3%B2dega" title="Tabeła periòdega – venetiansk" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Tabeła periòdega" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venetiansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himi%C5%BEiden_elementoiden_periodine_tablut" title="Himižiden elementoiden periodine tablut – vepsisk" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Himižiden elementoiden periodine tablut" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepsisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3ng_tu%E1%BA%A7n_ho%C3%A0n" title="Bảng tuần hoàn – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bảng tuần hoàn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mendelejevi_tap%C3%B5l" title="Mendelejevi tapõl – sørestisk" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Mendelejevi tapõl" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="sørestisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A5vlea_periodike_des_elemints" title="Tåvlea periodike des elemints – vallonsk" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Tåvlea periodike des elemints" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" title="元素週期表 – klassisk kinesisk" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="元素週期表" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="klassisk kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodiek_syst%C3%A8me" title="Periodiek système – vestflamsk" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Periodiek système" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="vestflamsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taramdan_peryodika" title="Taramdan peryodika – waray-waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Taramdan peryodika" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray-waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" title="元素周期表 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="元素周期表" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%90%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A2_%D7%98%D7%90%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%A2" title="פעריאדישע טאבעלע – jiddisk" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פעריאדישע טאבעלע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1b%C3%ACl%C3%AC_%C3%A0y%C3%A8_%C3%A0w%E1%BB%8Dn_%E1%BA%B9%CC%81l%C3%ADm%E1%BA%B9%CC%80nt%C3%AC" title="Tábìlì àyè àwọn ẹ́límẹ̀ntì – joruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Tábìlì àyè àwọn ẹ́límẹ̀ntì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="joruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" title="元素週期表 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="元素週期表" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabloyo_periyodik" title="Tabloyo periyodik – dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Tabloyo periyodik" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mendeliej%C4%97va_kem%C4%97niu_elementu_lental%C4%97" title="Mendeliejėva kemėniu elementu lentalė – samogitisk" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Mendeliejėva kemėniu elementu lentalė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" title="元素周期表 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="元素周期表" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q10693#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Rediger lenker til artikkelen på andre språk" class="wbc-editpage">Rediger lenker</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Periodesystemet" title="Vis innholdssiden [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskusjon:Periodesystemet" rel="discussion" title="Diskusjon om innholdssiden [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskusjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Bytt språkvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">norsk bokmål</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visninger"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Periodesystemet"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodesystemet&veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodesystemet&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodesystemet&action=history" title="Tidligere sideversjoner av denne siden [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Artykul_na_Medal_1.svg/30px-Artykul_na_Medal_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Artykul_na_Medal_1.svg/40px-Artykul_na_Medal_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="643" data-file-height="610" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Fra Wikipedia, den frie encyklopedi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nb" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Medeleeff_by_repin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Medeleeff_by_repin.jpg/250px-Medeleeff_by_repin.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Medeleeff_by_repin.jpg/375px-Medeleeff_by_repin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Medeleeff_by_repin.jpg/500px-Medeleeff_by_repin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="836" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dmitrij_Mendelejev" title="Dmitrij Mendelejev">Dmitrij Ivanovitsj Mendelejev</a>, periodesystemets «far»</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Periodesystemet</b>, også kalt <b>periodetabellen</b> eller <b>det periodiske system</b>, er en tabell som klassifiserer <a href="/wiki/Grunnstoff" title="Grunnstoff">grunnstoffene</a> (eller <i>elementene</i>) i <a href="/wiki/Periodesystemets_perioder" title="Periodesystemets perioder">perioder</a>. Hver periode består av grunnstoffer med det samme antallet <a href="/wiki/Elektronskall" title="Elektronskall">elektronskall</a> rundt <a href="/wiki/Atomkjernen" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomkjernen">atomkjernen</a>. Offisielt opererer man i dag med syv perioder; periode 8 er foreslått, men er foreløpig<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Unng%C3%A5_unnvikende_uttrykk" title="Wikipedia:Unngå unnvikende uttrykk"><span title="Foregående påstand må presiseres tidsmessig">når?</span></a></i>]</sup> ikke anerkjent av den internasjonale kjemi-organisasjonen <i>International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry</i> (<a href="/wiki/IUPAC" class="mw-redirect" title="IUPAC">IUPAC</a>). </p><p>I <a href="/wiki/Antikken" title="Antikken">antikken</a> var den utbredte oppfatningen at all materie besto av fire grunnelementer: jord, luft, ild og vann. På 1700-tallet ble stadig nye grunnstoffer oppdaget, og teorien om fire grunnelementer ble forkastet. Flere forsøk ble gjort på å systematisere grunnstoffene i en tabell. Ingen lyktes før den russiske kjemiprofessoren <a href="/wiki/Dmitrij_Mendelejev" title="Dmitrij Mendelejev">Dmitrij Ivanovitsj Mendelejev</a> i 1869 utarbeidet det første utkastet til periodesystemet ved å organisere grunnstoffene etter atomvekt og kjemiske egenskaper. Den første versjonen ligner ikke så mye på dagens periodesystem, men den grunnleggende utformingen er fortsatt den samme. </p><p>Dagens periodesystem sorterer grunnstoffene etter antall <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">protoner</a> i atomkjernen (atomnummer) i stedet for atomvekt slik Mendelejevs tabell gjorde. <a href="/wiki/Periodesystemets_grupper" title="Periodesystemets grupper">Periodesystemets grupper</a> sorteres etter antall <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektroner</a> i ytterste <a href="/wiki/Elektronskall" title="Elektronskall">elektronskall</a>, og periodene etter antall elektronskall rundt kjernen. <a href="/wiki/Lantanoid" title="Lantanoid">Lantanoidene</a> og <a href="/wiki/Actinoid" title="Actinoid">actinoidene</a> er metaller som tilhører henholdsvis periode 6 og 7, selv om de vanligvis plasseres for seg selv under tabellen. </p><p><a href="/wiki/De_forente_nasjoner" title="De forente nasjoner">FN</a> erklærte 2019 som Det internasjonale året for Periodesystemet», i anledning 150-årsjubileet for «en av vitenskapens vesentligste bragder».<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Periodesystemet_i_tabellform">Periodesystemet i tabellform</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodesystemet&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Periodesystemet i tabellform" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodesystemet&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Periodesystemet i tabellform"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>Ved å la musepekeren hvile i et av tabellens felter, vil tilleggsinformasjon om det aktuelle grunnstoffet vises. Masse er oppgitt i <a href="/wiki/Atommasseenhet" title="Atommasseenhet">atommasseenheten</a> u, smeltepunktet i grader celsius, og elektronegativiteten etter Pauling-skalaen.</i></dd></dl> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="2" width="100%"> <caption><b>Periodesystemet for <a href="/wiki/Grunnstoff" title="Grunnstoff">grunnstoffer</a></b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" width="8%"><b><a href="/wiki/Periodesystemets_grupper" title="Periodesystemets grupper">Gruppe</a> →</b> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><b><a href="/wiki/Alkalimetall" title="Alkalimetall">1</a></b> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><b><a href="/wiki/Jordalkalimetall" title="Jordalkalimetall">2</a></b> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><b>3</b> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><b>4</b> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><b>5</b> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><b>6</b> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><b>7</b> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><b>8</b> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><b>9</b> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><b>10</b> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><b>11</b> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><b>12</b> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><b>13</b> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><b>14</b> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><b>15</b> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><b>16</b> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><b><a href="/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen">17</a></b> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><b><a href="/wiki/Edelgass" title="Edelgass">18</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" width="8%"><b>Tidligere →</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><b>I A</b> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><b>II A</b> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><b>III A</b> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><b>IV A</b> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><b>V A</b> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><b>VI A</b> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><b>VII A</b> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><b>VIII A</b> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><b>VIII A</b> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><b>VIII A</b> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><b>I B</b> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><b>II B</b> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><b>III B</b> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><b>IV B</b> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><b>V B</b> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><b>VI B</b> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><b>VII B</b> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><b>VIII B</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" width="8%"><b>↓ <a href="/wiki/Periodesystemets_perioder" title="Periodesystemets perioder">Periode</a></b><br /><b>1</b> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0" title="Hydrogen; masse: 1,008; gass; smeltepunkt: -259,14 °C; elektronegativitet: 2,2"> <p><b>1</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen"><b>H</b></a> </p> </td> <td colspan="16" width="80%" align="center"> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff" title="Helium; masse: 4,003; gass; smeltepunkt: -272,2 °C; elektronegativitet:"><b>2</b><br /> <p><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium"><b>He</b></a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" width="8%"> <p><b>2</b> </p> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#FF6666" title="Litium; masse: 6,94; fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 180,54 °C; elektronegativitet: 0,98"> <p><b>3</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Litium" title="Litium"><b>Li</b></a> </p> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#FFDEAD" title="Beryllium; masse: 9,01; fast stoff; smeltepunkt 1 287 °C; elektronegativitet: 1,57"> <p><b>4</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Beryllium" title="Beryllium"><b>Be</b></a> </p> </td> <td colspan="10" width="50%" align="center"> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99" title="Bor; masse: 10,81; fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 2 076 °C; elektronegativitet: 2,04"> <p><b>5</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Bor_(grunnstoff)" title="Bor (grunnstoff)"><b>B</b></a> </p> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0" title="Karbon; masse: 12,01; fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 3 500 °C; elektronegativitet: 2,55"> <p><b>6</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon"><b>C</b></a> </p> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0" title="Nitrogen; masse: 14,01; gass; smeltepunkt: −210 °C; elektronegativitet: 3,04"> <p><b>7</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen"><b>N</b></a> </p> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0" title="Oksygen; masse: 16,00; gass; smeltepunkt: −219 °C; elektronegativitet: 3,44"> <p><b>8</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Oksygen" title="Oksygen"><b>O</b></a> </p> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99" title="Fluor; masse: 19,00; gass; smeltepunkt: −220 °C; elektronegativitet: 3,98"> <p><b>9</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor"><b>F</b></a> </p> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff" title="Neon; masse: 20,18; gass; smeltepunkt: −246 °C; elektronegativitet:"> <p><b>10</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon"><b>Ne</b></a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" width="8%"><b>3</b> </td> <td title="Natrium; masse: 22,99; fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 371 °C; elektronegativitet: 0,93" width="5%" bgcolor="#ff6666" align="center"> <p><b>11</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium"><b>Na</b></a> </p> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#FFDEAD" title="Magnesium; masse: 24,31; fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 650 °C; elektronegativitet: 1,31"> <p><b>12</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium"><b>Mg</b></a> </p> </td> <td colspan="10" width="50%" align="center"> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc" title="Aluminium; masse: 26,98; fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 660 °C; elektronegativitet: 1,61"> <p><b>13</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium"><b>Al</b></a> </p> </td> <td title="Silisium; masse: 28,09; fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 1414 °C; elektronegativitet: 1,90" width="5%" bgcolor="#cccc99" align="center"> <p><b>14</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Silisium" title="Silisium"><b>Si</b></a> </p> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0" title="Fosfor; masse: 30,97; fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 44,2 °C; elektronegativitet: 2,19"> <p><b>15</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor"><b>P</b></a> </p> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0" title="Svovel; masse: 32,07; fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 115 °C; elektronegativitet: 2,58"> <p><b>16</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Svovel" title="Svovel"><b>S</b></a> </p> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99" title="Klor; masse: 35,45; gass; smeltepunkt: -101 °C; elektronegativitet: 3,16"> <p><b>17</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Klor" title="Klor"><b>Cl</b></a> </p> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff" title="Argon; masse: 39,95; gass; smeltepunkt: -189 °C; elektronegativitet: 3,2"> <p><b>18</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon"><b>Ar</b></a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" width="8%"><b>4</b> </td> <td title="Kalium; masse: 39,10; fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 63 °C; elektronegativitet: 0,82" width="5%" bgcolor="#ff6666" align="center"> <p><b>19</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium"><b>K</b></a> </p> </td> <td title="Kalsium; masse: 40,08; fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 842 °C; elektronegativitet: 1,00" width="5%" bgcolor="#FFDEAD" align="center"> <p><b>20</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Kalsium" title="Kalsium"><b>Ca</b></a> </p> </td> <td title="Scandium; masse: 44,96; fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 1541 °C; elektronegativitet: 1,36" width="5%" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" align="center"> <p><b>21</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Scandium" title="Scandium"><b>Sc</b></a> </p> </td> <td title="Titan; masse: 47,87; fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 1668 °C; elektronegativitet: 1,54" width="5%" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" align="center"> <p><b>22</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Titan_(grunnstoff)" title="Titan (grunnstoff)"><b>Ti</b></a> </p> </td> <td title="Vanadium; masse: 50,94; fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 1902 °C; elektronegativitet: 1,63" width="5%" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" align="center"> <p><b>23</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium"><b>V</b></a> </p> </td> <td title="Krom; masse: 52,00; fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 1857 °C; elektronegativitet: 1,66" width="5%" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" align="center"> <p><b>24</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Krom" title="Krom"><b>Cr</b></a> </p> </td> <td title="Mangan; masse: 54,94; fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 1246 °C; elektronegativitet: 1,55" width="5%" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" align="center"> <p><b>25</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan"><b>Mn</b></a> </p> </td> <td title="Jern; masse: 55,85; fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 1538 °C; elektronegativitet: 1,83" width="5%" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" align="center"> <p><b>26</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Jern" title="Jern"><b>Fe</b></a> </p> </td> <td title="Kobolt; masse: 58,93; fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 1495 °C; elektronegativitet: 1,88" width="5%" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" align="center"> <p><b>27</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Kobolt" title="Kobolt"><b>Co</b></a> </p> </td> <td title="Nikkel; masse: 58,69; fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 1455 °C; elektronegativitet: 1,91" width="5%" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" align="center"> <p><b>28</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Nikkel" title="Nikkel"><b>Ni</b></a> </p> </td> <td title="Kobber; masse: 63,55; fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 1085 °C; elektronegativitet: 1,90" width="5%" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" align="center"> <p><b>29</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Kobber" title="Kobber"><b>Cu</b></a> </p> </td> <td title="Sink; masse: 65,41; fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 420 °C; elektronegativitet: 1,65" width="5%" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" align="center"> <p><b>30</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Sink" title="Sink"><b>Zn</b></a> </p> </td> <td title="Gallium; masse: 69,72; fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 30 °C; elektronegativitet: 1,81" width="5%" bgcolor="#cccccc" align="center"> <p><b>31</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Gallium" title="Gallium"><b>Ga</b></a> </p> </td> <td title="Germanium; masse: 72,64; fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 938 °C; elektronegativitet: 2,01" width="5%" bgcolor="#cccc99" align="center"> <p><b>32</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium"><b>Ge</b></a> </p> </td> <td title="Arsen; masse: 74,92; fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 817 °C; elektronegativitet: 2,18" width="5%" bgcolor="#cccc99" align="center"> <p><b>33</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Arsen" title="Arsen"><b>As</b></a> </p> </td> <td title="Selen; 78,96; fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 221 °C; elektronegativitet: 2,55" width="5%" bgcolor="#a0ffa0" align="center"> <p><b>34</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Selen" title="Selen"><b>Se</b></a> </p> </td> <td title="Brom; masse: 79,90; væske; smeltepunkt: -7 °C; elektronegativitet: 2,96" width="5%" bgcolor="#ffff99" align="center"> <p><b>35</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Brom" title="Brom"><b>Br</b></a> </p> </td> <td title="Krypton; masse: 83,80; gass; smeltepunkt: -157 °C; elektronegativitet: 3,00" width="5%" bgcolor="#c0ffff" align="center"> <p><b>36</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton"><b>Kr</b></a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" width="8%"><b>5</b> </td> <td title="Rubidium; masse: 85,47; fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 39 °C; elektronegativitet: 0,82" width="5%" bgcolor="#FF6666" align="center"> <p><b>37</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium"><b>Rb</b></a> </p> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#FFDEAD" title="Strontium; masse: 87,62; fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 777 °C; elektronegativitet: 0,95"> <p><b>38</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium"><b>Sr</b></a> </p> </td> <td title="Yttrium; masse: 88,91; fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 1526 °C; elektronegativitet: 1,22" width="5%" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" align="center"> <p><b>39</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium"><b>Y</b></a> </p> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Zirkonium; masse: 91,22; fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 1855 °C; elektronegativitet: 1,33"> <p><b>40</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Zirkonium" title="Zirkonium"><b>Zr</b></a> </p> </td> <td title="Niob; masse: 92,91; fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 2468 °C; elektronegativitet: 1,60" width="5%" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" align="center"> <p><b>41</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Niob" title="Niob"><b>Nb</b></a> </p> </td> <td title="Molybden; masse: 95,94; fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 2623 °C; elektronegativitet: 2,16" width="5%" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" align="center"> <p><b>42</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Molybden" title="Molybden"><b>Mo</b></a> </p> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Technetium; masse: [98]; fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 2157 °C; elektronegativitet: 1,90"> <p><b>43</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Technetium" title="Technetium"><b>Tc</b></a> </p> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Ruthenium; masse: 101,07; fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 2334 °C; elektronegativitet: 2,20"> <p><b>44</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium"><b>Ru</b></a> </p> </td> <td title="Rhodium; masse: 102,91; fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 1964 °C; elektronegativitet: 2,28" width="5%" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" align="center"> <p><b>45</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium"><b>Rh</b></a> </p> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Palladium; masse: 106,42; fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 1555 °C; elektronegativitet: 2,20"> <p><b>46</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium"><b>Pd</b></a> </p> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Sølv; masse: 107,87; fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 962 °C; elektronegativitet: 1,93"> <p><b>47</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8lv" title="Sølv"><b>Ag</b></a> </p> </td> <td title="Kadmium; masse: 112,41; fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 321 °C; elektronegativitet: 1,69" width="5%" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" align="center"> <p><b>48</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Kadmium" title="Kadmium"><b>Cd</b></a> </p> </td> <td title="Indium; masse: 114,82; fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 157 °C; elektronegativitet: 1,78" width="5%" bgcolor="#cccccc" align="center"> <p><b>49</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium"><b>In</b></a> </p> </td> <td title="Tinn; masse: 118,71; fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 232 °C; elektronegativitet: 1,96" width="5%" bgcolor="#cccccc" align="center"> <p><b>50</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Tinn_(grunnstoff)" title="Tinn (grunnstoff)"><b>Sn</b></a> </p> </td> <td title="Antimon; masse: 121,76; fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 630 °C; elektronegativitet: 2,05" width="5%" bgcolor="#cccc99" align="center"> <p><b>51</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Antimon" title="Antimon"><b>Sb</b></a> </p> </td> <td title="Tellur; masse: 127,60; fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 450 °C; elektronegativitet: 2,10" width="5%" bgcolor="#cccc99" align="center"> <p><b>52</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Tellur" title="Tellur"><b>Te</b></a> </p> </td> <td title="Jod; masse: 126,90; fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 114 °C; elektronegativitet: 2,66" width="5%" bgcolor="#ffff99" align="center"> <p><b>53</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Jod" title="Jod"><b>I</b></a> </p> </td> <td title="Xenon; masse: 131,29; gass; smeltepunkt: -112 °C; elektronegativitet: 2,60" width="5%" bgcolor="#c0ffff" align="center"> <p><b>54</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon"><b>Xe</b></a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" width="8%"><b>6</b> </td> <td title="Cesium; masse: 132,91; fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 28 °C; elektronegativitet: 0,70" width="5%" bgcolor="#FF6666" align="center"> <p><b>55</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Cesium" title="Cesium"><b>Cs</b></a> </p> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#FFDEAD" title="Barium; masse: 137,33; fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 727 °C; elektronegativitet: 0,89"> <p><b>56</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium"><b>Ba</b></a> </p> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF"><small>57‑71</small><br />* </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Hafnium; masse: 178,49; fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 2233 °C; elektronegativitet: 1,30"> <p><b>72</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium"><b>Hf</b></a> </p> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Tantal; masse: 180,95; fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 3017 °C; elektronegativitet: 1,50"> <p><b>73</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Tantal" title="Tantal"><b>Ta</b></a> </p> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Wolfram; masse: 183,84; fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 3422 °C; elektronegativitet: 2,36"> <p><b>74</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram"><b>W</b></a> </p> </td> <td title="Rhenium; masse: 186,21; fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 3186 °C; elektronegativitet: 1,90" width="5%" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" align="center"> <p><b>75</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Rhenium" title="Rhenium"><b>Re</b></a> </p> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Osmium; masse: 190,23; fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 3033 °C; elektronegativitet: 2,20"> <p><b>76</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium"><b>Os</b></a> </p> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Iridium; masse: 192,22; fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 2446 °C; elektronegativitet: 2,20"> <p><b>77</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium"><b>Ir</b></a> </p> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Platina; masse: 195,08; fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 1768 °C; elektronegativitet: 2,28"> <p><b>78</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Platina" title="Platina"><b>Pt</b></a> </p> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Gull; masse: 196,97; fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 1064 °C; elektronegativitet: 2,58"> <p><b>79</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Gull" title="Gull"><b>Au</b></a> </p> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Kvikksølv; 200,59; væske; smeltepunkt: -39 °C; elektronegativitet: 2,00"> <p><b>80</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Kvikks%C3%B8lv" title="Kvikksølv"><b>Hg</b></a> </p> </td> <td title="Thallium; masse: 204,38; fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 304 °C; elektronegativitet: 1,62" width="5%" bgcolor="#cccccc" align="center"> <p><b>81</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium"><b>Tl</b></a> </p> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc" title="Bly; masse: 207,2; fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 327 °C; elektronegativitet: 2,33"> <p><b>82</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Bly" title="Bly"><b>Pb</b></a> </p> </td> <td title="Vismut; masse: 208,98; fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 271 °C; elektronegativitet: 2,02" width="5%" bgcolor="#cccccc" align="center"> <p><b>83</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Vismut" title="Vismut"><b>Bi</b></a> </p> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99" title="Polonium; masse: (209); fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 254 °C; elektronegativitet: 2,00"> <p><b>84</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium"><b>Po</b></a> </p> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99" title="Astat; masse: (210); fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 302 °C; elektronegativitet: 2,20"> <p><b>85</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Astat" title="Astat"><b>At</b></a> </p> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff" title="Radon; masse: (222); gass; smeltepunkt: -71 °C; elektronegativitet: 2,10"> <p><b>86</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon"><b>Rn</b></a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" width="8%"><b>7</b> </td> <td title="Francium; masse: (223); fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 27 °C; elektronegativitet: 0,70" width="5%" bgcolor="#FF6666" align="center"> <p><b>87</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Francium" title="Francium"><b>Fr</b></a> </p> </td> <td title="Radium; masse: (226); fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 700 °C; elektronegativitet: 0,90" width="5%" bgcolor="#FFDEAD" align="center"> <p><b>88</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium"><b>Ra</b></a> </p> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc"><small>89‑103</small><br />** </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Rutherfordium; masse: (261);"> <p><b>104</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" title="Rutherfordium"><b>Rf</b></a> </p> </td> <td title="Dubnium; masse: (262);" width="5%" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" align="center"> <p><b>105</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium"><b>Db</b></a> </p> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Seaborgium; masse: (266);"> <p><b>106</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium"><b>Sg</b></a> </p> </td> <td title="Bohrium; masse: (264);" width="5%" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" align="center"> <p><b>107</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium"><b>Bh</b></a> </p> </td> <td title="Hassium; masse: (277);" width="5%" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" align="center"> <p><b>108</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Hassium" title="Hassium"><b>Hs</b></a> </p> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Meitnerium; masse: (268);"> <p><b>109</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium"><b>Mt</b></a> </p> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Darmstadtium; masse: (271);"> <p><b>110</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium"><b>Ds</b></a> </p> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Røntgenium; masse: (272);"> <p><b>111</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B8ntgenium" title="Røntgenium"><b>Rg</b></a> </p> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" title="Copernicium; masse: (285);"> <p><b>112</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Copernicium" title="Copernicium"><b>Cn</b></a> </p> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc" title="Nihonium; masse: (284);"> <p><b>113</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium"><b>Nh</b></a> </p> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc" title="Flerovium; masse: (289);"> <p><b>114</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Flerovium" title="Flerovium"><b>Fl</b></a> </p> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc" title="Moscovium; masse: (288);"> <p><b>115</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Moscovium" title="Moscovium"><b>Mc</b></a> </p> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc" title="Livermorium; masse: (292);"> <p><b>116</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium"><b>Lv</b></a> </p> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99" title="Tenness; masse: (291);"> <p><b>117</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Tenness" title="Tenness"><b>Ts</b></a> </p> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff" title="Oganesson; masse: (294)"> <p><b>118</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson"><b>Og</b></a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="19">  </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" width="18%" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" align="right"><b>* <a href="/wiki/Lantanoider" class="mw-redirect" title="Lantanoider">Lantanoider</a>  </b> </td> <td title="Lantan; 138,91; fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 920 °C; elektronegativitet: 1,10" width="5%" bgcolor="#FFBFFF" align="center"> <p><b>57</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Lantan" title="Lantan"><b>La</b></a> </p> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF" title="Cerium; masse: 140,12; fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 798 °C; elektronegativitet: 1,12"> <p><b>58</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Cerium" title="Cerium"><b>Ce</b></a> </p> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF" title="Praseodym; masse: 140,91; fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 931 °C; elektronegativitet: 1,13"> <p><b>59</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Praseodym" title="Praseodym"><b>Pr</b></a> </p> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF" title="Neodym; masse: 144,24 ; fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 1024 °C; elektronegativitet: 1,14"> <p><b>60</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Neodym" title="Neodym"><b>Nd</b></a> </p> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF" title="Promethium; masse: (145); fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 1100 °C; elektronegativitet: 1,13"> <p><b>61</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Promethium" title="Promethium"><b>Pm</b></a> </p> </td> <td title="Samarium; masse: 150,35; fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 1072 °C; elektronegativitet: 1,17" width="5%" bgcolor="#FFBFFF" align="center"> <p><b>62</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium"><b>Sm</b></a> </p> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF" title="Europium; masse: 151,96; fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 826 °C; elektronegativitet: 1,20"> <p><b>63</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium"><b>Eu</b></a> </p> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF" title="Gadolinium; masse: 157,25; fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 1312 °C; elektronegativitet: 1,20"> <p><b>64</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium"><b>Gd</b></a> </p> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF" title="Terbium; masse: 150,35; fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 1356 °C; elektronegativitet: 1,10"> <p><b>65</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium"><b>Tb</b></a> </p> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF" title="Dysprosium; masse: 162,5; fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 1407 °C; elektronegativitet: 1,22"> <p><b>66</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Dysprosium" title="Dysprosium"><b>Dy</b></a> </p> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF" title="Holmium; masse: 164,93; fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 1474 °C; elektronegativitet: 1,23"> <p><b>67</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium"><b>Ho</b></a> </p> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF" title="Erbium; masse: 167,26; fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 1522 °C; elektronegativitet: 1,24"> <p><b>68</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium"><b>Er</b></a> </p> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF" title="Thulium; masse: 168,93; fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 1818 °C; elektronegativitet: 1,25"> <p><b>69</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium"><b>Tm</b></a> </p> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#FFBFFF" title="Ytterbium; masse: 173,04; fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 824 °C; elektronegativitet: 1,10"> <p><b>70</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium"><b>Yb</b></a> </p> </td> <td title="Lutetium; masse: 174,97; fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 1663 °C; elektronegativitet: 1,27" width="5%" bgcolor="#ffbfff" align="center"> <p><b>71</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Lutetium" title="Lutetium"><b>Lu</b></a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" width="18%" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" align="right"><b>** <a href="/wiki/Actinoider" class="mw-redirect" title="Actinoider">Actinoider</a>  </b> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc" title="Actinium; masse: (227); fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 1050 °C; elektronegativitet: 1,10"> <p><b>89</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Actinium" title="Actinium"><b>Ac</b></a> </p> </td> <td title="Thorium; masse: 232.04; fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 1842 °C; elektronegativitet: 1,30" width="5%" bgcolor="#ff99cc" align="center"> <p><b>90</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium"><b>Th</b></a> </p> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc" title="Protactinium; masse: 231,04; fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 1840 °C; elektronegativitet: 1,50"> <p><b>91</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Protactinium" title="Protactinium"><b>Pa</b></a> </p> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc" title="Uran; masse: 238,02; fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 1132 °C; elektronegativitet: 1,38"> <p><b>92</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Uran" title="Uran"><b>U</b></a> </p> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc" title="Neptunium; masse: (237); fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 640 °C; elektronegativitet: 1,36"> <p><b>93</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium"><b>Np</b></a> </p> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc" title="Plutonium; masse: (244); fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 640 °C; elektronegativitet: 1,28"> <p><b>94</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium"><b>Pu</b></a> </p> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc" title="Americium; masse: (243); fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 1176 °C; elektronegativitet: 1,13"> <p><b>95</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Americium" title="Americium"><b>Am</b></a> </p> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc" title="Curium; masse: (247); fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 1340 °C; elektronegativitet: 1,28"> <p><b>96</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Curium" title="Curium"><b>Cm</b></a> </p> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc" title="Berkelium; masse: (247); fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 986 °C; elektronegativitet: 1,30"> <p><b>97</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium"><b>Bk</b></a> </p> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc" title="Californium; masse: (251); fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 900 °C; elektronegativitet: 1,30"> <p><b>98</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Californium" title="Californium"><b>Cf</b></a> </p> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc" title="Einsteinium; masse: (252); fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 860 °C; elektronegativitet: 1,30"> <p><b>99</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium"><b>Es</b></a> </p> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc" title="Fermium; masse: (257); fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 1527 °C; elektronegativitet: 1,30"> <p><b>100</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium"><b>Fm</b></a> </p> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc" title="Mendelevium; masse: (258); fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 827 °C; elektronegativitet: 1,30"> <p><b>101</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium"><b>Md</b></a> </p> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc" title="Nobelium; masse: (259); fast stoff; smeltepunkt: 827 °C; elektronegativitet: 1,30"> <p><b>102</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Nobelium" title="Nobelium"><b>No</b></a> </p> </td> <td width="5%" align="center" bgcolor="#ff99cc" title="Lawrencium; masse: (262);"> <p><b>103</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" title="Lawrencium"><b>Lr</b></a> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <table align="center"> <caption><b><a href="/wiki/Kjemisk_serie" title="Kjemisk serie">Kjemiske serier</a> i periodesystemet</b> </caption> <tbody><tr align="center"> <td style="width:20%; background:#FF6666;"><a href="/wiki/Alkalimetall" title="Alkalimetall">Alkalimetaller</a> </td> <td style="width:20%; background:#FFDEAD;"><a href="/wiki/Jordalkalimetall" title="Jordalkalimetall">Jordalkalimetaller</a></td> <td style="width:20%; background:#FFBFFF;"><a href="/wiki/Lantanoider" class="mw-redirect" title="Lantanoider">Lantanoider</a></td> <td style="width:20%; background:#FF99CC;"><a href="/wiki/Actinoider" class="mw-redirect" title="Actinoider">Actinoider</a></td> <td style="width:20%; background:#FFC0C0;"><a href="/wiki/Transisjonsmetall" class="mw-redirect" title="Transisjonsmetall">Transisjonsmetaller</a></td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td style="background:#CCCCCC;"><a href="/wiki/Metall" title="Metall">Metaller</a></td> <td style="background:#CCCC99;"><a href="/wiki/Halvmetall" title="Halvmetall">Halvmetaller</a></td> <td style="background:#A0FFA0;"><a href="/wiki/Ikke-metall" title="Ikke-metall">Ikke-metaller</a></td> <td style="background:#FFFF99;"><a href="/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen">Halogener</a></td> <td style="background:#C0FFFF;"><a href="/wiki/Edelgass" title="Edelgass">Edelgasser</a></td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5" align="center"><small>(Lantanoidene og aktinoidene er metaller. Halogenene og edelgassene er ikke-metaller.)</small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <div style="text-align:center;border-bottom:3px solid #fc0"> <div style="float:left;width:49.5%;font-weight:bold;background-color:#ff9;color:#000;padding:.3em 0;border:2px solid #fc0;border-bottom:0;font-size:130%"><a href="/wiki/Periodesystemet_med_elektronkonfigurasjon" title="Periodesystemet med elektronkonfigurasjon">Se utfyllende versjon med elektronkonfigurasjon,<br />oksidasjonstall, elektronegativitet og atommasse</a></div> <div style="float:right;width:49.5%;font-weight:bold;background-color:#ff9;color:#000;padding:.3em 0;border:2px solid #fc0;border-bottom:0;font-size:130%"><a href="/wiki/Periodesystemet_i_stor_utgave" title="Periodesystemet i stor utgave">Se utfyllende versjon<br />med fulle navn og atomvekt</a></div> <div style="width:0;height:0;clear:both;overflow:hidden"></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Oppbygging">Oppbygging</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodesystemet&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Oppbygging" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodesystemet&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Oppbygging"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Electron_shell_087_Francium.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Electron_shell_087_Francium.svg/250px-Electron_shell_087_Francium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Electron_shell_087_Francium.svg/375px-Electron_shell_087_Francium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Electron_shell_087_Francium.svg/500px-Electron_shell_087_Francium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="860" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Francium" title="Francium">Franciumatomet</a> med sine syv elektronskall tilhører periode 7. Ett elektron i ytterste skall betyr gruppe 1 (alkalimetall)</figcaption></figure> <p>Tabellen er organisert etter antall <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">protoner</a> i atomkjernen (<a href="/wiki/Atomnummer" title="Atomnummer">atomnummer</a>), antall <a href="/wiki/Elektronskall" title="Elektronskall">elektronskall</a> rundt kjernen (periode), og antall <a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">elektroner</a> i ytterste elektronskall (gruppe). Grunnstoffene klassifiseres også i <a href="/wiki/Kjemisk_serie" title="Kjemisk serie">kjemiske serier</a> etter sine kjemiske egenskaper, for eksempel <a href="/wiki/Metaller" class="mw-redirect" title="Metaller">metaller</a>, <a href="/wiki/Halogener" class="mw-redirect" title="Halogener">halogener</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edelgasser" class="mw-redirect" title="Edelgasser">edelgasser</a> og så videre. I tillegg deles tabellen opp i blokker basert på <a href="/wiki/Elektronkonfigurasjon" title="Elektronkonfigurasjon">elektronkonfigurasjonen</a>. Disse blokkene betegnes med bokstaver: s-blokken, p-blokken, d-blokken og f-blokken. Alle grunnstoff har navn. Navnene har også en forkortelse bestående av én eller to bokstaver kalt kjemisk symbol (unntaket er de midlertidige navnene som har tre bokstaver i forkortelsen). I tabellens enkleste form vises grunnstoffene kun med kjemisk symbol og atomnummer. I mer detaljerte tabeller vises også stoffets fulle navn, atommasse, indikasjon av stofftilstanden ved romtemperatur (fast form, væske eller gass) og så videre. Dagens periodiske system består av syv perioder (118 grunnstoffer). Tabellens utseende har forandret seg flere ganger opp gjennom tiden, men utformingen med <a href="/wiki/Lantanoider" class="mw-redirect" title="Lantanoider">lantanoider</a> og <a href="/wiki/Aktinoider" class="mw-redirect" title="Aktinoider">aktinoider</a> plassert for seg selv under resten av tabellen, er den mest vanlige i dag. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Atomnummer">Atomnummer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodesystemet&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Atomnummer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodesystemet&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Atomnummer"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="utdypende-artikkel" style="padding-left:2em; font-style: italic;"> <p>Utdypende artikkel: <a href="/wiki/Atomnummer" title="Atomnummer">Atomnummer</a> </p> </div> <p>Atomnummeret er identisk med antall protoner i atomets kjerne (må ikke forveksles med massetall som er det totale antall protoner og <a href="/wiki/N%C3%B8ytron" title="Nøytron">nøytroner</a> i kjernen). Antall nøytroner i kjernen kan variere (<a href="/wiki/Isotop" title="Isotop">isotoper</a>), mens antall protoner er unikt for hvert grunnstoff. Dersom et atom mister eller får tilført protoner, går det over til å bli et annet grunnstoff. Ved radioaktiv nedbrytning (for eksempel alfahenfall eller spontan fisjon) vil antall protoner reduseres i kjernen og resultere i et eller flere lettere grunnstoff. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Atommasse">Atommasse</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodesystemet&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Rediger avsnitt: Atommasse" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodesystemet&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Atommasse"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="utdypende-artikkel" style="padding-left:2em; font-style: italic;"> <p>Utdypende artikkel: <a href="/wiki/Atommasse" title="Atommasse">Atommasse</a> </p> </div> <p>Antall protoner og nøytroner avgjør atommassen, og forskjellige isotoper har forskjellig atommasse. Angivelse av atommassen er derfor gitt som et gjennomsnitt av naturlig forekommende (stabile) isotoper. For grunnstoff som ikke har noen stabile isotoper blir atommassen til den mest stabile isotopen oppgitt. Enheten <i>u</i> er relativ atommasse og er definert som en tolvtedel av massen til et atom <sup>12</sup>C (karbon) i sin grunntilstand.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I notasjon blir massetallet (det totale antall <a href="/wiki/Kjernepartikkel" class="mw-redirect" title="Kjernepartikkel">kjernepartikler</a>) angitt av et tall oppe til venstre for det kjemiske symbolet. I tilfellet <sup>12</sup>C betyr det at kjernen har 6 protoner (siden det er karbon) og 6 nøytroner. En annen måte er å angi massetallet etter grunnstoffnavnet eller det kjemiske symbolet (<a href="/wiki/Uran-235" title="Uran-235">uran-235</a> eller U-235). Det er bare de minste atomkjernene som har likt antall protoner og nøytroner; større atomkjernerer inneholder flere nøytroner enn protoner. Uran som har atomnummer 92 (og dermed 92 protoner), har 146 nøytroner i den vanligst forekommende <a href="/wiki/Uranisotoper" title="Uranisotoper">isotopen</a> <sup>238</sup>U.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Periodic_table_large-no.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Periodic_table_large-no.svg/250px-Periodic_table_large-no.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Periodic_table_large-no.svg/375px-Periodic_table_large-no.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Periodic_table_large-no.svg/500px-Periodic_table_large-no.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1022" data-file-height="604" /></a><figcaption>Skalerbart bilde med periodetabellen</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Perioder">Perioder</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodesystemet&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Rediger avsnitt: Perioder" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodesystemet&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Perioder"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="utdypende-artikkel" style="padding-left:2em; font-style: italic;"> <p>Utdypende artikkel: <a href="/wiki/Periodesystemets_perioder" title="Periodesystemets perioder">Periodesystemets perioder</a> </p> </div> <p>Periodene er de vannrette radene i tabellen, og de refererer til antall elektronskall i atomet. Elektronskallene kalles fra innerst og utover K, L ,M , N, O, P, og Q eller 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 og 7. De deles også opp i underskall som igjen består av <a href="/wiki/Orbital" title="Orbital">orbitaler</a>. Hvert elektronskall (og dets underskall) har «plass» til et bestemt antall elektroner. Dagens periodesystem består av 7 perioder. I 1985 ble forsøk på å fremstille grunnstoff 119 utført ved Berkeley-universitetet i California.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Forsøket mislyktes, men dersom fremstilling av grunnstoff med høyere atomnummer enn 118 skulle lykkes, må periodesystemet utvides med periode 8. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Grupper">Grupper</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodesystemet&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Rediger avsnitt: Grupper" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodesystemet&action=edit&section=6" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Grupper"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Periodesystemets grupper utgjøres av kolonnene der grunnstoffene står vertikalt plassert i forhold til hverandre. Mendelejevs gruppeinndeling var basert på stoffenes kjemiske egenskaper (som reaktivitet). Dagens gruppe-klassifisering baserer seg på antall elektroner i ytterste skall (valenselektroner), noe som har nøye sammenheng med de kjemiske egenskapene Mendelejev observerte. Gruppe 1 (unntatt hydrogen) kalles <a href="/wiki/Alkalimetall" title="Alkalimetall">alkalimetaller</a> og er plassert helt til venstre i tabellen. Disse stoffene har kun ett valenselektron, og er meget reaktive (reaksjonsvillige). De binder seg svært lett med andre grunnstoff, og finnes derfor ikke i ren form naturlig. Alkalimetallenes rake motsetning er <a href="/wiki/Edelgass" title="Edelgass">edelgassene</a> som utgjør gruppe 18. Hos edelgassene er det ytterste elektronskallet fullt, noe som gjør at de er ekstremt lite reaktive. De danner derfor ikke <a href="/wiki/Kjemisk_forbindelse" title="Kjemisk forbindelse">kjemiske forbindelser</a> naturlig (edelgass-forbindelser har imidlertid vært kunstig fremstilt i laboratorier). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Elektronegativitet">Elektronegativitet</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodesystemet&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Rediger avsnitt: Elektronegativitet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodesystemet&action=edit&section=7" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Elektronegativitet"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Taula_peri%C3%B2dica_electronegativitat.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Taula_peri%C3%B2dica_electronegativitat.png/250px-Taula_peri%C3%B2dica_electronegativitat.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Taula_peri%C3%B2dica_electronegativitat.png/375px-Taula_peri%C3%B2dica_electronegativitat.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Taula_peri%C3%B2dica_electronegativitat.png/500px-Taula_peri%C3%B2dica_electronegativitat.png 2x" data-file-width="741" data-file-height="404" /></a><figcaption>Grunnstoffenes elektronegativitet etter Pauling-skalaen</figcaption></figure> <div class="utdypende-artikkel" style="padding-left:2em; font-style: italic;"> <p>Utdypende artikkel: <a href="/wiki/Elektronegativitet" title="Elektronegativitet">Elektronegativitet</a> </p> </div> <p>Elektronegativitet er et mål på atomets evne til å trekke til seg felles elektroner i en kjemisk forbindelse. Begrepet ble innført av den amerikanske kjemikeren <a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Linus Pauling</a>, og skalaen har fått navn etter ham. Tallet er et relativt tall, og tar utgangspunkt i verdien 4 for <a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor">fluor</a> (som er det mest elektronegative grunnstoffet). Elektronegativiteten er lavest i gruppe 1 (alkalimetallene) og stiger ved høyere gruppenummer. De mest elektronegative grunnstoffene tilhører gruppe 17 (halogenene). Tallet er et viktig hjelpemiddel til å forstå og forutse kjemiske bindinger og reaksjoner mellom de forskjellige grunnstoffene. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nummerering">Nummerering</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodesystemet&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Rediger avsnitt: Nummerering" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodesystemet&action=edit&section=8" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Nummerering"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gruppene deles gjerne inn i 8 hovedgrupper som angir antall valenselektroner fra 1 til 8 (i tidligere tider benevnt I – VIII), og 10 undergrupper (tidligere benevnt med romertall etterfulgt av bokstaven A eller B). I dagens nummereringssystem tilsvarer hovedgruppene gruppe 1, 2, og 13 – 18, og undergruppene tilsvarer 3 – 12. </p><p>Frem til 1988 eksisterte det to forskjellige nummereringssystem for periodesystemets grupper, en amerikansk og en europeisk. Begge benyttet <a href="/wiki/Romertall" title="Romertall">romertall</a> i kombinasjon med bokstavene A og B. Problemet var at bokstavene var brukt forskjellig, noe som gjorde at misforståelser lett kunne oppstå (se tabell under). Siden begynnelsen av 1980-tallet hadde IUPAC forsøkt å finne en løsning på problemet før de skulle gi ut sin navnekonvensjon <i>Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry (Part I )</i> i 1988. IUPAC sendte i 1985 ut et høringsforslag om å gå over til tall i stedet for romertall og bokstaver. Som ventet kom det protester, men på tross av motstanden valgte IUPAC i 1988 å gi ut navnekonvensjonen med en anbefaling om å ta i bruk det nye nummer-systemet.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I dag er gruppenummerering med tall i bruk i hele verden. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="19">Sammenligning av nummereringssystemene før 1988 og i dag </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>System</b> </td> <td colspan="18"><b>Gruppe</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nåværende </td> <td>1 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>13 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>16 </td> <td>17 </td> <td>18 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Amerikansk </td> <td>I A </td> <td>II A </td> <td>III B </td> <td>IV B </td> <td>V B </td> <td>VI B </td> <td>VII B </td> <td>VIII B </td> <td>VIII B </td> <td>VIII B </td> <td>I B </td> <td>II B </td> <td>III A </td> <td>IV A </td> <td>V A </td> <td>VI A </td> <td>VII A </td> <td>VIII A </td></tr> <tr> <td>Europeisk </td> <td>I A </td> <td>II A </td> <td>III A </td> <td>IV A </td> <td>V A </td> <td>VI A </td> <td>VII A </td> <td>VIII A </td> <td>VIII A </td> <td>VIII A </td> <td>I B </td> <td>II B </td> <td>III B </td> <td>IV B </td> <td>V B </td> <td>VI B </td> <td>VII B </td> <td>VIII B </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kjemiske_serier">Kjemiske serier</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodesystemet&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Rediger avsnitt: Kjemiske serier" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodesystemet&action=edit&section=9" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Kjemiske serier"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kjemiske serier er grupper av grunnstoff som har lignende kjemiske og fysiske egenskaper, og der visse egenskaper endrer seg systematisk gjennom serien. Noen av de kjemiske seriene sammenfaller med periodesystemets grupper, mens andre spenner over flere grupper. De 10 kjemiske seriene blir i periodesystemet uthevet ved hjelp forskjellige farger, og omfatter: alkalimetaller, jordalkalimetaller, lantanoider, aktinoider, transisjonsmetaller, metaller, halvmetaller, ikke-metaller, halogener og edelgasser. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Blokker">Blokker</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodesystemet&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Rediger avsnitt: Blokker" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodesystemet&action=edit&section=10" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Blokker"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="utdypende-artikkel" style="padding-left:2em; font-style: italic;"> <p>Utdypende artikkel: <a href="/wiki/Blokkene_i_periodesystemet" title="Blokkene i periodesystemet">Blokkene i periodesystemet</a> </p> </div> <p>Grunnstoffene i periodesystemet blir også plassert i blokker basert på <a href="/wiki/Elektronkonfigurasjon" title="Elektronkonfigurasjon">elektronkonfigurasjonen</a>. Blokkene beskriver fyllingen av elektronskallenes orbitaler, og angis med bokstavene s, p, d, og f. Utvidelsene av periodesystemet som ble foreslått av Glenn T. Seaborg, vil innebære en ny blokk. Denne blokken (og utvidelsen) er ikke formalisert eller normert av IUPAC, men kalles uoffisielt for g-blokken. Tabellen under viser blokkene markert med farger, inkludert den foreslåtte utvidelsen med periode 8 og g-blokken. </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23230704">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Mal:Periodesystemets_blokker" title="Mal:Periodesystemets blokker"><abbr title="Vis denne malen">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-diskuter"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maldiskusjon:Periodesystemets_blokker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maldiskusjon:Periodesystemets blokker (ikke skrevet ennå)"><abbr title="Diskuter denne malen">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-rediger"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Rediger_side/Mal:Periodesystemets_blokker" title="Spesial:Rediger side/Mal:Periodesystemets blokker"><abbr title="Rediger denne malen">r</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Blokkene_i_periodesystemet" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Blokkene_i_periodesystemet" title="Blokkene i periodesystemet">Blokkene i periodesystemet</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <table border="1" style="text-align:center; border:1px solid #ffffff; border-collapse:collapse; font-size: smaller; width:100%" rules="all" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#FF6666"><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">H</a> </td> <td width="3%" colspan="31">  </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#FF6666"><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">He</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FF6666"><a href="/wiki/Litium" title="Litium">Li</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF6666"><a href="/wiki/Beryllium" title="Beryllium">Be</a> </td> <td colspan="25">  </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Bor_(grunnstoff)" title="Bor (grunnstoff)">B</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon">C</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">N</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Oksygen" title="Oksygen">O</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor">F</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">Ne</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FF6666"><a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium">Na</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF6666"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">Mg</a> </td> <td colspan="25">  </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Al</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Silisium" title="Silisium">Si</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor">P</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Svovel" title="Svovel">S</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Klor" title="Klor">Cl</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FF6666"><a href="/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium">K</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF6666"><a href="/wiki/Kalsium" title="Kalsium">Ca</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Scandium" title="Scandium">Sc</a> </td> <td colspan="15">  </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Titan_(grunnstoff)" title="Titan (grunnstoff)">Ti</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium">V</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Krom" title="Krom">Cr</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan">Mn</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Jern" title="Jern">Fe</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Kobolt" title="Kobolt">Co</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Nikkel" title="Nikkel">Ni</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Kobber" title="Kobber">Cu</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Sink" title="Sink">Zn</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Gallium" title="Gallium">Ga</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium">Ge</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Arsen" title="Arsen">As</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Selen" title="Selen">Se</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Brom" title="Brom">Br</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton">Kr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FF6666"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium">Rb</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF6666"><a href="/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium">Sr</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium">Y</a> </td> <td colspan="15">  </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Zirkonium" title="Zirkonium">Zr</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Niob" title="Niob">Nb</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Molybden" title="Molybden">Mo</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Technetium" title="Technetium">Tc</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium">Ru</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium">Rh</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium">Pd</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8lv" title="Sølv">Ag</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Kadmium" title="Kadmium">Cd</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium">In</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Tinn_(grunnstoff)" title="Tinn (grunnstoff)">Sn</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Antimon" title="Antimon">Sb</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Tellur" title="Tellur">Te</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Jod" title="Jod">I</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#FF6666"><a href="/wiki/Cesium" title="Cesium">Cs</a> </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#FF6666"><a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium">Ba</a> </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Lantan" title="Lantan">La</a> </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Cerium" title="Cerium">Ce</a> </td> <td>  </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Praseodym" title="Praseodym">Pr</a> </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Neodym" title="Neodym">Nd</a> </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Promethium" title="Promethium">Pm</a> </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium">Sm</a> </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium">Eu</a> </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium">Gd</a> </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium">Tb</a> </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium" title="Dysprosium">Dy</a> </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium">Ho</a> </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium">Er</a> </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium">Tm</a> </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium">Yb</a> </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Lutetium" title="Lutetium">Lu</a> </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium">Hf</a> </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Tantal" title="Tantal">Ta</a> </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram">W</a> </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Rhenium" title="Rhenium">Re</a> </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium">Os</a> </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium">Ir</a> </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Platina" title="Platina">Pt</a> </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Gull" title="Gull">Au</a> </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Kvikks%C3%B8lv" title="Kvikksølv">Hg</a> </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium">Tl</a> </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Bly" title="Bly">Pb</a> </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Vismut" title="Vismut">Bi</a> </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium">Po</a> </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Astat" title="Astat">At</a> </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Rn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FF6666"><a href="/wiki/Francium" title="Francium">Fr</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FF6666"><a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium">Ra</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Actinium" title="Actinium">Ac</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium">Th</a> </td> <td>  </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Protactinium" title="Protactinium">Pa</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Uran" title="Uran">U</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium">Np</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">Pu</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Americium" title="Americium">Am</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Curium" title="Curium">Cm</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium">Bk</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Californium" title="Californium">Cf</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium">Es</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium">Fm</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium">Md</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Nobelium" title="Nobelium">No</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" title="Lawrencium">Lr</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" title="Rutherfordium">Rf</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium">Db</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium">Sg</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium">Bh</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Hassium" title="Hassium">Hs</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium">Mt</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium">Ds</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B8ntgenium" title="Røntgenium">Rg</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Copernicium" title="Copernicium">Cn</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium">Nh</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Flerovium" title="Flerovium">Fl</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Moscovium" title="Moscovium">Mc</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium">Lv</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Tenness" title="Tenness">Ts</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson">Og</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#FF6666">Uue </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#FF6666">Ubn </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#ffff99">Ubu </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#c0ffff">Ubb </td> <td width="6%" style="background-color:#cccccc">g-blokken </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#c0ffff">Uqu </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#c0ffff">Uqb </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#c0ffff">Uqt </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#c0ffff">Uqq </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#c0ffff">Uqp </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#c0ffff">Uqh </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#c0ffff">Uqs </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#c0ffff">Uqo </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#c0ffff">Uqe </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#c0ffff">Upn </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#c0ffff">Upu </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#c0ffff">Upb </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#c0ffff">Upt </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#ffff99">Upq </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#ffff99">Upp </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#ffff99">Uph </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#ffff99">Ups </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#ffff99">Upo </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#ffff99">Upe </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#ffff99">Uhn </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#ffff99">Uhu </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#ffff99">Uhb </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#a0ffa0">Uht </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#a0ffa0">Uhq </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#a0ffa0">Uhp </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#a0ffa0">Uhh </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#a0ffa0">Uhs </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#a0ffa0">Uho </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="33" style="line-height: 1ex">  </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7">  </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#cccccc">Ubt </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#cccccc">Ubq </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#cccccc">Ubp </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#cccccc">Ubh </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#cccccc">Ubs </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#cccccc">Ubo </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#cccccc">Ube </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#cccccc">Utn </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#cccccc">Utu </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#cccccc">Utb </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#cccccc">Utt </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#cccccc">Utq </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#cccccc">Utp </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#cccccc">Uth </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#cccccc">Uts </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#cccccc">Uto </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#cccccc">Ute </td> <td width="3%" style="background-color:#cccccc">Uqn </td> <td colspan="10">  </td></tr></tbody></table><br /> <table border="1" align="center" style="border:1px solid #ffffff; border-collapse:collapse; font-size: smaller; width:100%" rules="all" cellpadding="1"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background-color:#FF6666" width="20%">s-blokk </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0" width="20%">p-blokk </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99" width="20%">d-blokk </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff" width="20%">f-blokk </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc" width="20%">g-blokk </td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grunnstoffenes_forekomst">Grunnstoffenes forekomst</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodesystemet&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Rediger avsnitt: Grunnstoffenes forekomst" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodesystemet&action=edit&section=11" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Grunnstoffenes forekomst"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Det mest vanlige grunnstoffet i jordskorpen er oksygen, fulgt av silisium. Nesten 99 % av Jordens atmosfære består av grunnstoffene nitrogen og oksygen, hvorav nitrogen utgjør brorparten med over 78 %. I hele jordkloden sett under ett, er jern det vanligste grunnstoffet med 34,6 %, fulgt av oksygen med 29,5 %.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> På Solen og i universet er det imidlertid hydrogen og helium som er de vanligste grunnstoffene, der hydrogen utgjør 73-75 % og helium 23-24 %. I tabellen under vises noen av de mest vanlige grunnstoffene og forekomsten deres (tabellen er sortérbar). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Protium_deuterium_tritium.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Protium_deuterium_tritium.jpg/250px-Protium_deuterium_tritium.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Protium_deuterium_tritium.jpg/375px-Protium_deuterium_tritium.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Protium_deuterium_tritium.jpg/500px-Protium_deuterium_tritium.jpg 2x" data-file-width="803" data-file-height="404" /></a><figcaption>Hydrogen er det vanligste grunnstoffet i universet. Her er atommodellen for hydrogens tre isotoper. Fra venstre: <a href="/wiki/Protium" title="Protium">protium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deuterium" title="Deuterium">deuterium</a> og <a href="/wiki/Tritium" title="Tritium">tritium</a>.</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: right;"> <caption><b>Forekomster av de vanligste grunnstoffene</b><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Grunnstoff</th> <th>Atom-<br />nummer</th> <th>I universet <br />(%)</th> <th>På Solen<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(%)</th> <th>I jordskorpen <br />(%)</th> <th>I atmosfæren <br />(%)</th> <th>I havet <br />(µg / liter)</th> <th>I et menneske (70 kg)<br />(gram) </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">Hydrogen</a> </td> <td align="center">1 </td> <td>73,9 </td> <td>75 </td> <td>0,14 </td> <td>0,000053 </td> <td><span style="display:none">29</span> 110 000 000 </td> <td><span style="display:none">28</span> 7 000 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">Helium</a> </td> <td align="center">2 </td> <td>24 </td> <td>23 </td> <td>0,000001 </td> <td>0,00052 </td> <td><span style="display:none">08</span> 0,0072 </td> <td><span style="display:none">10</span> 0 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Oksygen" title="Oksygen">Oksygen</a> </td> <td align="center">8 </td> <td>1,07 </td> <td>0,9 </td> <td>46,4 </td> <td>20,8 </td> <td><span style="display:none">30</span> 880 000 000 </td> <td><span style="display:none">30</span> 43 000 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon">Karbon</a> </td> <td align="center">6 </td> <td>0,46 </td> <td>0,3 </td> <td>0,02 </td> <td>0,0337 </td> <td><span style="display:none">21</span> 28 000 </td> <td><span style="display:none">29</span>16 000 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">Neon</a> </td> <td align="center">10 </td> <td>0,134 </td> <td>0,1 </td> <td>0,0000005 </td> <td>0,0018 </td> <td><span style="display:none">09</span> 0,12 </td> <td><span style="display:none">09</span> 0 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Jern" title="Jern">Jern</a> </td> <td align="center">26 </td> <td>0,109 </td> <td>0,1 </td> <td>5,8 </td> <td>0 </td> <td><span style="display:none">13</span> 3,4 </td> <td><span style="display:none">19</span> 4,2 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">Nitrogen</a> </td> <td align="center">7 </td> <td>0,097 </td> <td>0,1 </td> <td>0,002 </td> <td>78,05 </td> <td><span style="display:none">20</span> 16 000 </td> <td><span style="display:none">27</span> 1 800 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Silisium" title="Silisium">Silisium</a> </td> <td align="center">14 </td> <td>0,065 </td> <td>0,09 </td> <td>27 </td> <td>0 </td> <td><span style="display:none">18</span> 2 900 </td> <td><span style="display:none">18</span> 3 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">Magnesium</a> </td> <td align="center">12 </td> <td>0,058 </td> <td>0,07 </td> <td>2,8 </td> <td>0 </td> <td><span style="display:none">26</span> 1 300 000 </td> <td><span style="display:none">20</span> 19 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Svovel" title="Svovel">Svovel</a> </td> <td align="center">16 </td> <td>0,044 </td> <td>0,04 </td> <td>0,03 </td> <td>0,0001 </td> <td><span style="display:none">25</span> 900 000 </td> <td><span style="display:none">24</span> 140 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Argon</a> </td> <td align="center">18 </td> <td>0,022 </td> <td>0,007 </td> <td>0,0003 </td> <td>0,93 </td> <td><span style="display:none">16</span> 450 </td> <td><span style="display:none">11</span> 0 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Kalsium" title="Kalsium">Kalsium</a> </td> <td align="center">20 </td> <td>0,0067 </td> <td>0,007 </td> <td>5,1 </td> <td>0 </td> <td><span style="display:none">24</span> 410 000 </td> <td><span style="display:none">26</span> 1 000 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Nikkel" title="Nikkel">Nikkel</a> </td> <td align="center">28 </td> <td>0,0060 </td> <td>0,008 </td> <td>0,0072 </td> <td>0 </td> <td><span style="display:none">14</span> 6,6 </td> <td><span style="display:none">12</span> 0,001 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Aluminium</a> </td> <td align="center">13 </td> <td>0,0055 </td> <td>0,006 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>0 </td> <td><span style="display:none">12</span> 1 </td> <td><span style="display:none">15</span> 0,061 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium">Natrium</a> </td> <td align="center">11 </td> <td>0,0022 </td> <td>0,004 </td> <td>2,3 </td> <td>0 </td> <td><span style="display:none">27</span> 11 000 000 </td> <td><span style="display:none">22</span> 100 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Krom" title="Krom">Krom</a> </td> <td align="center">24 </td> <td>0,0014 </td> <td>0,002 </td> <td>0,0096 </td> <td>0 </td> <td><span style="display:none">10</span> 0,2 </td> <td><span style="display:none">13</span> 0,014 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor">Fosfor</a> </td> <td align="center">15 </td> <td>0,0007 </td> <td>0,0007 </td> <td>0,1 </td> <td>0 </td> <td><span style="display:none">15</span> 88 </td> <td><span style="display:none">25</span> 780 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium">Kalium</a> </td> <td align="center">19 </td> <td>0,0003 </td> <td>0,0004 </td> <td>1,7 </td> <td>0 </td> <td><span style="display:none">23</span> 390 000 </td> <td><span style="display:none">23</span> 140 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Titan_(grunnstoff)" title="Titan (grunnstoff)">Titan</a> </td> <td align="center">22 </td> <td>0,0003 </td> <td>0,0004 </td> <td>0,86 </td> <td>0 </td> <td><span style="display:none">11</span> 1 </td> <td><span style="display:none">08</span> 0 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Klor" title="Klor">Klor</a> </td> <td align="center">17 </td> <td>0,0001 </td> <td>0,0008 </td> <td>0,019 </td> <td>0 </td> <td><span style="display:none">28</span> 19 000 000 </td> <td><span style="display:none">21</span> 95 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor">Fluor</a> </td> <td align="center">9 </td> <td>0,00004 </td> <td>0,00005 </td> <td>0,046 </td> <td>0 </td> <td><span style="display:none">17</span> 1 300 </td> <td><span style="display:none">17</span> 2,6 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Brom" title="Brom">Brom</a> </td> <td align="center">35 </td> <td>0,000007 </td> <td>0,0000002 </td> <td>0,0004 </td> <td>0 </td> <td><span style="display:none">22</span> 67 000 </td> <td><span style="display:none">16</span> 0,26 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Bor_(grunnstoff)" title="Bor (grunnstoff)">Bor</a> </td> <td align="center">5 </td> <td>0,000001 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0,0007 </td> <td>0 </td> <td><span style="display:none">19</span> 4 400 </td> <td><span style="display:none">14</span> 0,053 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Det tyngste grunnstoffet som forekommer naturlig, er <a href="/wiki/Uran" title="Uran">uran</a> (atomnummer 92). Spor av <a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium">neptunium</a> (atomnummer 93) og <a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">plutonium</a> (atomnummer 94) finnes i uranmalm, men disse er resultat av <a href="/wiki/Betahenfall" title="Betahenfall">beta minus-henfall</a> av uran, og defineres ikke som naturlige forekomster. Det letteste grunnstoffet som ikke forekommer naturlig er <a href="/wiki/Technetium" title="Technetium">technetium</a> (atomnummer 43). Alle de <a href="/wiki/Transuran" title="Transuran">transurane</a> grunnstoffene (med atomnummer høyere enn uran) fremstilles kunstig. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Isotoper">Isotoper</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodesystemet&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Rediger avsnitt: Isotoper" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodesystemet&action=edit&section=12" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Isotoper"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De fleste grunnstoffene har flere <a href="/wiki/Isotop" title="Isotop">isotoper</a> som forekommer naturlig, både stabile og ustabile. De ustabile isotopene omdannes ved nedbrytning av atomkjernen med ioniserende stråling som resultat (<a href="/wiki/Radioaktivitet" title="Radioaktivitet">radioaktivitet</a>). <a href="/wiki/Tinn_(grunnstoff)" title="Tinn (grunnstoff)">Tinn</a> har 10 naturlig forekommende stabile isotoper, noe som er det høyeste antallet blant grunnstoffene. Technetium er det letteste grunnstoffet som ikke har noen stabile isotoper. <a href="/wiki/Bly" title="Bly">Bly</a> (atomnummer 82) er det tyngste grunnstoffet som har stabile isotoper. Før 2003 var <a href="/wiki/Vismut" title="Vismut">vismut</a> (atomnummer 83) ansett for å være det tyngste grunnstoffet med stabile isotoper, men det viser seg at det nedbrytes under utsendelse av <a href="/wiki/Alfastr%C3%A5ling" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfastråling">alfastråling</a>, og har en <a href="/wiki/Halveringstid" title="Halveringstid">halveringstid</a> på 10<sup>19</sup> år (10 000 000 000 000 000 000 år). Den ekstremt lange halveringstiden og den meget svake strålingen gjør at vismut i alle praktiske henseender kan betraktes som stabilt og ikke radioaktivt.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administrasjon_av_periodesystemet">Administrasjon av periodesystemet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodesystemet&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Rediger avsnitt: Administrasjon av periodesystemet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodesystemet&action=edit&section=13" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Administrasjon av periodesystemet"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Periodesystemet og avgjørelser angående navn og kjemiske symbol administreres av den ikke-statlige internasjonale kjemi-organisasjonen <i>International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry</i> (<a href="/wiki/IUPAC" class="mw-redirect" title="IUPAC">IUPAC</a>). Organisasjonen står for oppdateringer og korrigeringer av periodesystemet, og har også avgjørende myndighet når oppdagelse og navngiving av nye grunnstoff skal godkjennes. Grunnstoffene 113, 115, 117 og 118 er rapportert fremstilt, og oppdagelsene ble bekreftet og godkjent av IUPAC i desember 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dersom oppdagelse av et nytt grunnstoff kan bekreftes, vil oppdagerne bli gitt anledning til å foreslå navn og kjemisk symbol. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historie">Historie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodesystemet&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Rediger avsnitt: Historie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodesystemet&action=edit&section=14" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Historie"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Alchemy-Digby-RareSecrets.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Alchemy-Digby-RareSecrets.png/250px-Alchemy-Digby-RareSecrets.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Alchemy-Digby-RareSecrets.png/375px-Alchemy-Digby-RareSecrets.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Alchemy-Digby-RareSecrets.png/500px-Alchemy-Digby-RareSecrets.png 2x" data-file-width="1560" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Alkymi" title="Alkymi">Alkymistisk</a> tekst og symboler fra 1682</figcaption></figure> <p>I <a href="/wiki/Antikkens_Hellas" title="Antikkens Hellas">antikkens Hellas</a> foreslo <a href="/wiki/Aristoteles" title="Aristoteles">Aristoteles</a> at all materie i universet besto av grunn-elementene jord, luft, vann og ild i forskjellige proporsjoner. Inntil for omkring 350 år siden var dette den vanlige oppfatningen. I 1661 skrev den <a href="/wiki/Irland" title="Irland">irske</a> <a href="/wiki/Alkymi" title="Alkymi">alkymisten</a> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Boyle" title="Robert Boyle">Robert Boyle</a> (1626–91) boken <i>The Skeptical Chymist</i> der han stilte seg kritisk til datidens alkymi og forestillingen om at all materie besto av bare fire grunnstoff. Boyle bidro sterkt til å gjøre alkymi til en analytisk vitenskap, og har blitt betegnet som en pioner innen moderne kjemi. Aristoteles' teori måtte forkastes på 1700-tallet da stadig nye grunnstoff ble oppdaget, og kjemikerne ikke greide å se noen sammenheng mellom dem og de forskjellige <a href="/wiki/Kjemisk_forbindelse" title="Kjemisk forbindelse">kjemiske forbindelsene</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="De_første_skrittene"><span id="De_f.C3.B8rste_skrittene"></span>De første skrittene</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodesystemet&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Rediger avsnitt: De første skrittene" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodesystemet&action=edit&section=15" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen De første skrittene"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I 1828 utarbeidet den svenske kjemikeren <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6ns_Jakob_Berzelius" title="Jöns Jakob Berzelius">Jöns Jakob Berzelius</a> (1779–1848) en liste over grunnstoffene basert på relativ vekt. Han utviklet også et notasjonssystem der grunnstoffenes navn ble erstattet av bokstavforkortelser (<a href="/wiki/Kjemisk_symbol" class="mw-redirect" title="Kjemisk symbol">kjemisk symbol</a>) – et system som fortsatt er i bruk. På 1860-tallet var antallet oppdagede grunnstoff kommet opp i over 60, og det syntes som det ikke var noen grense for hvor mange kjemiske forbindelser som fantes. I 1864 utarbeidet den engelske kjemikeren <a href="/wiki/John_Alexander_Reina_Newlands" title="John Alexander Reina Newlands">John Alexander Reina Newlands</a> (1837–98) en liste over grunnstoffene sortert etter relativ masse i stigende rekkefølge (ikke ulikt Berzelius' liste fra 1828). Han noterte seg at første og niende grunnstoff hadde kjemiske likhetstrekk, likeså andre og tiende. Basert på dette formulerte han i 1865 sin <i>Law of Octaves</i> – oktavenes lov (en oktav er et sprang på 8). Newlands' system viste seg ufullkomment og ufullstendig, noe han mente var forårsaket av uoppdagede grunnstoff. Newlands ble latterliggjort i sin samtid, men observasjonene hans hadde mye for seg (som Mendelejev skulle demonstrere noen år senere). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Det_første_utkastet"><span id="Det_f.C3.B8rste_utkastet"></span>Det første utkastet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodesystemet&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Rediger avsnitt: Det første utkastet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodesystemet&action=edit&section=16" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Det første utkastet"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Mendeleev%27s_1869_periodic_table.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Mendeleev%27s_1869_periodic_table.png/250px-Mendeleev%27s_1869_periodic_table.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="307" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Mendeleev%27s_1869_periodic_table.png/375px-Mendeleev%27s_1869_periodic_table.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Mendeleev%27s_1869_periodic_table.png/500px-Mendeleev%27s_1869_periodic_table.png 2x" data-file-width="1067" data-file-height="1312" /></a><figcaption>Mendelejevs periodiske system fra 1869</figcaption></figure> <p>I 1869 utarbeidet den russiske kjemiprofessoren Dmitrij Mendelejev en tabell over grunnstoffene som organiserte dem etter <a href="/wiki/Masse" title="Masse">masse</a> og kjemiske egenskaper. Denne tabellen viste ikke bare det kjemiske slektskapet mellom de forskjellige grunnstoffene, men kunne også forutsi både eksistensen av – og egenskapene til grunnstoff som til da ikke var oppdaget. Mendelejvs system inneholdt flere tomme plasser som senere skulle vise seg å romme grunnstoff som ennå ikke var oppdaget i Mendelejevs samtid. Unntaket var <a href="/wiki/Edelgasser" class="mw-redirect" title="Edelgasser">edelgassene</a> som Mendelejev ikke hadde forutsett og satt av plass til. Disse ble tilføyd av <a href="/wiki/William_Ramsay" title="William Ramsay">William Ramsay</a> senere uten at resten av tabellen behøvde modifisering. Med utviklingen av atomteorien økte forståelsen av atomenes indre oppbygning, og Mendelejevs system ble bekreftet. Massen som Mendelejev hadde sortert stoffene etter, viste seg å ha nøye sammenheng med antall protoner i kjernen, og de kjemiske egenskapene hadde sammenheng med antall elektroner i ytterste skall (gruppe). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dagens_periodesystem">Dagens periodesystem</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodesystemet&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Rediger avsnitt: Dagens periodesystem" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodesystemet&action=edit&section=17" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Dagens periodesystem"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Den (foreløpig) siste store endringen i periodesystemet kom i 1940 da den svenskættede amerikanske forskeren <a href="/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg" title="Glenn T. Seaborg">Glenn Theodore Seaborg</a> (1912–99) innførte aktinoidene og plasserte dem under lantanoidene. Seaborg identifiserte flere av de <a href="/wiki/Transurane_grunnstoff" class="mw-redirect" title="Transurane grunnstoff">transurane grunnstoffene</a>, og mottok i 1951 <a href="/wiki/Nobelprisen_i_kjemi" title="Nobelprisen i kjemi">nobelprisen i kjemi</a> for sitt arbeid. I 1969 foreslo han også å utvide periodesystemet med periode 8 (og dermed 168 grunnstoff). Grunnstoff nummer 119 til 122 og 141 til 168 ville tilhøre de etablerte gruppene, mens nummer 123 til 140 ble plassert i den teoretiske g-blokken og kalt super-aktinoider sammen med nummer 140 til 153.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Utvidelsen er en logisk fortsettelse av periodesystemet, men er per mai 2022 ikke offisielt innført. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_også"><span id="Se_ogs.C3.A5"></span>Se også</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodesystemet&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Rediger avsnitt: Se også" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodesystemet&action=edit&section=18" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Se også"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kjemiens_historie" title="Kjemiens historie">Kjemiens historie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grunnstoffliste" class="mw-redirect" title="Grunnstoffliste">Grunnstoffliste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isotoptabell" title="Isotoptabell">Isotoptabell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oppdagelser_av_grunnstoff" title="Oppdagelser av grunnstoff">Oppdagelser av grunnstoff</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referanser">Referanser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodesystemet&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Rediger avsnitt: Referanser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodesystemet&action=edit&section=19" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Referanser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-47008289">«150 years of the periodic table: Test your knowledge»</a>. <i>BBC News</i> (på engelsk). 29. januar 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 11. november 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3APeriodesystemet&rft.atitle=150+years+of+the+periodic+table%3A+Test+your+knowledge&rft.date=2019-01-29&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fscience-environment-47008289&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Gruppe-nummereringen «Tidligere» er den europeiske varianten (se avsnittet <a href="#Grupper">«Grupper»</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://goldbook.iupac.org/U06554.html">IUPAC – Gold Book</a> Besøkt 10. januar 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.periodictable.com/Isotopes/092.238/index.html">Periodictable.com – Isotope data for Uranium238</a> Besøkt 10. januar 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PRC/v32/i5/p1760_1">American Physical Society – Search for superheavy elements using the <sup>48</sup>Ca + <sup>254</sup>Es<sup>g</sup> reaction</a> Besøkt 10. januar 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/1988/pdf/6003x0431.pdf">IUPAC – New notations in the periodic table. Publisert 1988 (engelsk) (pdf)</a> Besøkt 10. januar 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mn.uio.no/kjemi/tjenester/kunnskap/om-periodesystemet/opprinnelse/opprinnelse-1-innledning.html">Universitetet i Oslo – Periodesystemet: Opprinnelse - Mest av hydrogen og helium </a> Besøkt 10. januar 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kjemi.uio.no/periodesystemet/">Universitetet i Oslo - Periodesystemet</a> Besøkt 10. januar 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.periodictable.com/Properties/A/SolarAbundance.an.log.html">Periodictable.com – Abundance in the Sun of the elements (engelsk)</a> Besøkt 10. januar 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kjemi.uio.no/periodesystemet/vis.php?e=Bi&vis=alt">Universitetet i Oslo - Periodesystemet: Vismut</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title=" siden april 2019" style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:D%C3%B8de_eksterne_lenker" title="Wikipedia:Døde eksterne lenker">død lenke</a></i>]</span></sup> Besøkt 10. januar 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iupac.org/news/news-detail/article/discovery-and-assignment-of-elements-with-atomic-numbers-113-115-117-and-118.html">IUPAC – Discovery and Assignment of Elements with Atomic Numbers 113, 115, 117 and 118. (engelsk) Publisert 30. desember 2015</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151231074712/http://www.iupac.org/news/news-detail/article/discovery-and-assignment-of-elements-with-atomic-numbers-113-115-117-and-118.html">Arkivert</a> 31. desember 2015 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Besøkt 10. januar 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chymist.com/Extending%20the%20Periodic%20Table.pdf">Glenn T. Seaborg: Prospects of Further Considerable Extension of the Periodic Table (engelsk) (pdf)</a> Besøkt 10. januar 2016</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kilder">Kilder</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodesystemet&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Rediger avsnitt: Kilder" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodesystemet&action=edit&section=20" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Kilder"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.periodesystemet.no/">Universitetet i Oslo – Periodesystemet</a> <small>Besøkt 10. januar 2016</small></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080404235420/http://www.forskning.no/Artikler/2002/juli/1027678343.15">Forskning.no – Grunnstoffenes periodiske system</a> <small>Besøkt 10. januar 2016</small></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ausetute.com.au/pthistor.html">Ausetute.com – History of the Periodic Table of the Elements (engelsk)</a> <small>Besøkt 10. januar 2016</small></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.periodictable.com/index.html">Periodictable.com – The Elements. (omfattende engelskspråklig side om grunnstoffene)</a> <small>Besøkt 10. januar 2016</small></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_lenker">Eksterne lenker</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodesystemet&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Rediger avsnitt: Eksterne lenker" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodesystemet&action=edit&section=21" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Eksterne lenker"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ptable.com/?lang=no">Dynamisk Periodesystem</a> <small>Besøkt 10. januar 2016</small></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23230704"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r24561737"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Periodesystemet" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23230704"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r24561741"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-vis"><a href="/wiki/Mal:Periodesystemet" title="Mal:Periodesystemet"><abbr title="Vis denne malen">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-diskuter"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maldiskusjon:Periodesystemet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maldiskusjon:Periodesystemet (ikke skrevet ennå)"><abbr title="Diskuter denne malen">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-rediger"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Rediger_side/Mal:Periodesystemet" title="Spesial:Rediger side/Mal:Periodesystemet"><abbr title="Rediger denne malen">r</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Periodesystemet" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Periodesystemet</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <table border="1" style="text-align:center; border:1px solid #ffffff; border-collapse:collapse; font-size: smaller; width:100%" rules="all" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">H</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" colspan="30">  </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">He</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FF6666"><a href="/wiki/Litium" title="Litium">Li</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFDEAD"><a href="/wiki/Beryllium" title="Beryllium">Be</a> </td> <td colspan="24">  </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/Bor_(grunnstoff)" title="Bor (grunnstoff)">B</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon">C</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">N</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Oksygen" title="Oksygen">O</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor">F</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">Ne</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FF6666"><a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium">Na</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFDEAD"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">Mg</a> </td> <td colspan="24">  </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Al</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/Silisium" title="Silisium">Si</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor">P</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Svovel" title="Svovel">S</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Klor" title="Klor">Cl</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FF6666"><a href="/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium">K</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFDEAD"><a href="/wiki/Kalsium" title="Kalsium">Ca</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Scandium" title="Scandium">Sc</a> </td> <td colspan="14">  </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Titan_(grunnstoff)" title="Titan (grunnstoff)">Ti</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium">V</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Krom" title="Krom">Cr</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan">Mn</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Jern" title="Jern">Fe</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Kobolt" title="Kobolt">Co</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Nikkel" title="Nikkel">Ni</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Kobber" title="Kobber">Cu</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Sink" title="Sink">Zn</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Gallium" title="Gallium">Ga</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium">Ge</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/Arsen" title="Arsen">As</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0"><a href="/wiki/Selen" title="Selen">Se</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Brom" title="Brom">Br</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton">Kr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FF6666"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium">Rb</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFDEAD"><a href="/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium">Sr</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium">Y</a> </td> <td colspan="14">  </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Zirkonium" title="Zirkonium">Zr</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Niob" title="Niob">Nb</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Molybden" title="Molybden">Mo</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Technetium" title="Technetium">Tc</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium">Ru</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium">Rh</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium">Pd</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8lv" title="Sølv">Ag</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Kadmium" title="Kadmium">Cd</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium">In</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Tinn_(grunnstoff)" title="Tinn (grunnstoff)">Sn</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/Antimon" title="Antimon">Sb</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/Tellur" title="Tellur">Te</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Jod" title="Jod">I</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#FF6666"><a href="/wiki/Cesium" title="Cesium">Cs</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#FFDEAD"><a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium">Ba</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Lantan" title="Lantan">La</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Cerium" title="Cerium">Ce</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Praseodym" title="Praseodym">Pr</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Neodym" title="Neodym">Nd</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Promethium" title="Promethium">Pm</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium">Sm</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium">Eu</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium">Gd</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium">Tb</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium" title="Dysprosium">Dy</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium">Ho</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium">Er</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium">Tm</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium">Yb</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#FFBFFF"><a href="/wiki/Lutetium" title="Lutetium">Lu</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium">Hf</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Tantal" title="Tantal">Ta</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram">W</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Rhenium" title="Rhenium">Re</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium">Os</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium">Ir</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Platina" title="Platina">Pt</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Gull" title="Gull">Au</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Kvikks%C3%B8lv" title="Kvikksølv">Hg</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium">Tl</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Bly" title="Bly">Pb</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Vismut" title="Vismut">Bi</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#cccc99"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium">Po</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Astat" title="Astat">At</a> </td> <td width="3.125%" style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Rn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FF6666"><a href="/wiki/Francium" title="Francium">Fr</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFDEAD"><a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium">Ra</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ef99cc"><a href="/wiki/Actinium" title="Actinium">Ac</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ef99cc"><a href="/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium">Th</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ef99cc"><a href="/wiki/Protactinium" title="Protactinium">Pa</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ef99cc"><a href="/wiki/Uran" title="Uran">U</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ef99cc"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium">Np</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ef99cc"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">Pu</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ef99cc"><a href="/wiki/Americium" title="Americium">Am</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ef99cc"><a href="/wiki/Curium" title="Curium">Cm</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ef99cc"><a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium">Bk</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ef99cc"><a href="/wiki/Californium" title="Californium">Cf</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ef99cc"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium">Es</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ef99cc"><a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium">Fm</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ef99cc"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium">Md</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ef99cc"><a href="/wiki/Nobelium" title="Nobelium">No</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ef99cc"><a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" title="Lawrencium">Lr</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" title="Rutherfordium">Rf</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium">Db</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium">Sg</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium">Bh</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Hassium" title="Hassium">Hs</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium">Mt</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium">Ds</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B8ntgenium" title="Røntgenium">Rg</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0"><a href="/wiki/Copernicium" title="Copernicium">Cn</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium">Nh</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Flerovium" title="Flerovium">Fl</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Moscovium" title="Moscovium">Mc</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium">Lv</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99"><a href="/wiki/Tenness" title="Tenness">Ts</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson">Og</a> </td></tr></tbody></table><br /> <table border="1" align="center" style="border:1px solid #ffffff; border-collapse:collapse; font-size: smaller; width:100%" rules="all" cellpadding="1"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background-color:#FF6666" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/Alkalimetall" title="Alkalimetall">Alkalimetaller</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFDEAD" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/Jordalkalimetall" title="Jordalkalimetall">Jordalkalimetaller</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFBFFF" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/Lantanoid" title="Lantanoid">Lantanoider</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ef99cc" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/Actinoid" title="Actinoid">Actinoider</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffc0c0" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/Transisjonsmetall" class="mw-redirect" title="Transisjonsmetall">Transisjonsmetaller</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/Metall" title="Metall">Metaller</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#cccc99" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/Halvmetall" title="Halvmetall">Halvmetaller</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#a0ffa0" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/Ikke-metall" title="Ikke-metall">Ikke-metaller</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#ffff99" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen">Halogener</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#c0ffff" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/Edelgass" title="Edelgass">Edelgasser</a> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23230704"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r24561737"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Grunnstoffene_og_deres_egenskaper" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" 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