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</ul> </div></div> <div id="content" class="clear-block"> <div class="node clear-block node-page ltr ntype-news"> <div class="header"> <h6 class="node-title"> <a href="/web/20110706031930/http://www.hrw.org/zh-hans/news/2010/03/02-1" title="美国：遥远拘留阻碍司法">美国：遥远拘留阻碍司法</a> </h6> </div> <h6 class="node-subtitle">移转被拘留移民干扰其移民和律师沟通，也妨碍他们质疑被驱逐出境的权利</h6> <div class="info"> <div class="meta date"> <span class="created">December 2, 2009</span> </div> </div> <div class="content clear-block filter-text"> <div class="node-sidebar"><dl><dd><div class="clear-block field field-type-nodereference field-field-related-content"><div class="field-label">相关资料: </div><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item"><a href="/web/20110706031930/http://www.hrw.org/zh-hans/reports/2009/12/02/locked-far-away-0">Locked Up Far Away</a></div></div></div></dd><dd><div class="pullquote"><div class="clear-block field field-type-text field-field-news-pullquote"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item"><p>ICE使到越来越多的被拘留者堕入一场混乱的抢椅子游戏。这场游戏将会有可怕的后果，因为它可能阻碍被拘留者寻找律师或提出证据以辩护自己。</p> </div></div></div><div class="clear-block field field-type-text field-field-news-pullquote-author"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item">艾莉森•帕克（Alison Parker），人权观察的副美国主任和报告作者</div></div></div></div></dd></dl></div> <div class="node-body"><p>（华盛顿特区） - 人权观察今天发表一份报告，并在当中表示，移民和海关执法机构转移面临被驱逐出境的移民越来越多，转移的地方是远离其家园的拘留所。这做法严重限制了移民挑战其驱逐的能力。据报告，从1999年到2008年的10年期间，该机构做了140万转移。 </p> <p>长达88页的报告， <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110706031930/http://www.hrw.org/en/node/86789">"在远方被扣锁起来：美国的移民被转移到偏僻的拘留中心"</a>，呈现由Transactional Records Access Clearinghouse (TRAC) of Syracuse University为人权观察分析的新数据。资料显示，在140万转移中，百分之五十三是自2006年以来进行的。其转移大部分由国家和地方监狱之间进行，这些监狱和上文里的机构，又称ICE，签约提供床位。该报告的结论是基于新的数据和与官员，移民律师，被拘留者和他们的家人所做的采访。 </p> <p>人权观察的副美国主任和该报告作者，艾莉森•帕克（Alison Parker），说："ICE使到越来越多的被拘留者堕入一场混乱的抢椅子游戏。这场游戏将会有可怕的后果，因为它可能阻碍被拘留者寻找律师或提出证据以辩护自己。" </p> <p>许多移民是先在大城市，如洛杉矶和费城，被逮捕和拘留。这些都是他们居住几十年的地方，城市也住着他们的家人，雇主和律师。按报告，许多移民被拘留数天或数月后，在毫无通知的情形下被送上飞机，遣送到各州偏远的拘留中心；其州包括得克萨斯州，加利福尼亚州，路易斯安那州（最有可能接纳转移的三州）。 </p> <p>根据美国和国际人权法，被拘留的移民有权利选择律师，在驱逐听证会上代表自己，并提出证据辩护自己。但是，根据报告，移徙者一旦被转移后，他们往往远离自己的律师，证据，证人，以致捍卫自己的能力在驱逐出境的程序中，严重受到限制。 </p> <p>帕克说："被拘留的移民不应该被当成是种种的货物箱，被运输到最方便ICE储存他们的地方。我们特别关注的是，那些被转移的会意识到，成功地打击出境或获得庇护以避免迫害的机会都全然消失了。" </p> <p>管辖最多被转移的拘留者人数就是联邦上诉法院第五巡回审判庭（其中包括路易斯安那州，密西西比州和德克萨斯州）。人权观察表示，这些转移得受特别关注，因为该法院对非公民的取决充满敌视，这可是众所周知的，而且国内最低的移民律师对被拘留的移民的比例是属于其法院管辖范围内的各州集体。 </p> <p>人权观察承认，转移一些被拘留者是必然的，但也指出，ICE和国会应该象最佳状态刑事司法系统一般，使用合理的、保护权利的做法，检查其转移。为助创建这样一个制度，该报告列出了具体的建议。 </p> <p>ICE最近宣布重组其拘留体制的计划，这可能提供改革的机会。但是在此之前，该机构已经屡次拒绝强制执行限制其转移权力的建议。 </p> <p>人权观察的报告与<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110706031930/http://www.constitutionproject.org/">Constitution Project's</a> 的报告 "针对改革我们拘留移民的制度和促进在移民程序中得以与律师沟通的建议"同一天（12月2日）发布。根据<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110706031930/http://www.constitutionproject.org/">Constitution Project's</a> 的报告，拘留移民这手法受到过度的使用，被拘留移民寻法律顾问时困难种种；其报告也提供改革的建议。同样在12月2日，Transactional Records Access Clearinghouse也将发布关于被拘留者转移的详细设施水平的资料。 </p> <p><strong>***</strong> </p> <p><strong>被拘留者</strong><strong>，</strong><strong>家庭成员</strong><strong>和</strong><strong>律师</strong><strong>对转移所做的</strong><strong>的证词：</strong> </p> <p> "这些转移都是破坏性的，而且极度破坏性的。[被拘留者]三更半夜被送上飞机。他们不知道自己人在哪里，也不知道自己在[美国]的哪一州。我无法更加强强调他们所受的心理创伤。我也无法完全描绘这对他们家属的影响。我曾接听家属彻底歇斯底里打来的电话。　这些人完全受到震惊，在电话中哭泣，不断哭着说，‘我不知道儿子和先生在哪！'"<em> -</em><em>丽贝卡</em><em>•</em><em>佘瑞芬　</em>（<em>Rebecca Schreve</em><em>），</em><em>移民律师，埃尔帕索，得克萨斯州，2009</em><em>年1</em><em>月29</em><em>日</em> </p> <p>"我在纽约被关押时，本想通过其中一个教堂聘请律师，但他们一派我来新墨西哥时，我便没了这渠道。。。我需要的证据和材料，统统在纽约。我一直在尝试把所有个人案件资料从纽约取回来...我一直写信给ＩＣＥ，要求得到我的记录。但他们不肯把记录交给我，什么都没给。我将只是代表自己，我没有任何证据可提出。" - <em>凯文（化名），奥特罗县加工中心，</em><em>Chaparral</em><em>，新墨西哥，2009</em><em>年2</em><em>月11</em><em>号</em> </p> <p>"我从来没有代表过没有住过超过3个拘留所的人。可能是得克萨斯州的埃尔帕索，或是亚利桑那州的设施，他们也把人遣送到夏威夷....我已经练了10多年的移民法。　我从未收到通知，通知我的客户被转移。一次都没有。" -<em>霍利库珀</em><em>（</em><em>Holly</em><em>　</em><em>Cooper</em><em>）</em><em>，移民律师和法律临床教授，美国加州大学戴维斯法学院，戴维斯，加利福尼亚州，2009</em><em>年1</em><em>月27</em><em>日</em> </p> <p> "自从他们把他遣送到[新墨西哥州]，这演变成了一场噩梦。我妈妈有血压问题，因为操心他的事，血压疯狂起落。 [他的妻子]十分害怕。每天晚上，她都会哭泣。他的孩子经常要求见他，经常叫着 ‘爸爸'。他也会亲吻他的照片。虽然他年仅一岁，但在电话中一听到父亲的声音，就会开始哭。。。上周[我哥哥]打电话说，他无法继续这样子了。他将签署文件，同意被驱逐离境。" -<em>乔治娜（化名），对被拘留者</em><em>的</em><em>妹妹，布鲁克林，纽约，2008</em><em>年1</em><em>月23</em><em>日 </em></p> <p>一个拘留者在南加州的一个拘留中心呆了几个星期，然后被调离到距离1,400英里的德克萨斯州拘留所。他说其差异如"天地之间的区别"，也说"至少在加利福尼亚州，我胜诉的机会更好。我可以聘请律师来代表我。然而现在，在这里，我只能靠上帝赐给我的恩典。"<em>- </em><em>迈克尔米（化名），皮尔索尔拘留中心，皮尔索尔，得克萨斯州，</em><em>2008</em><em>年</em><em>4</em><em>月</em><em>25</em><em>日</em> </p> <p>来自多米尼加共和国的一个合法永久居民一直住在费城，但后来被转移到得克萨斯州。他说："我得打电话索取自己的警察记录，这花费了很多时间。虽然法官很气我一直要求更多时间，但我终于得到记录了。我试图自己打官司，结果输了。"- <em>米格尔答（化名），伊莎贝尔港业务处理中心，洛斯弗雷斯诺斯，得克萨斯州，</em><em>2008</em><em>年</em><em>4</em><em>月</em><em>23</em><em>日</em></p> </div><div class="node-translations"><span class="label">其他语言</span><ul class="links"><li 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