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href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bally_Astrocade" title="Bally Astrocade – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bally Astrocade" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bally_Astrocade" title="Bally Astrocade – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bally Astrocade" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bally_Astrocade" title="Bally Astrocade – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bally Astrocade" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrocade" title="Astrocade – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Astrocade" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bally_Astrocade" title="Bally Astrocade – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bally Astrocade" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bally_Astrocade" title="Bally Astrocade – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bally Astrocade" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bally_Astrocade" title="Bally Astrocade – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="Bally Astrocade" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bally_Astrocade" title="Bally Astrocade – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bally Astrocade" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bally_Astrocade" title="Bally Astrocade – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bally Astrocade" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Bally+Astrocade%22">"Bally Astrocade"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Bally+Astrocade%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Bally+Astrocade%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Bally+Astrocade%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Bally+Astrocade%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Bally+Astrocade%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hproduct vevent"><caption class="infobox-title fn summary">Bally Astrocade</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Bally-Arcade-Console.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Bally-Arcade-Console.jpg/220px-Bally-Arcade-Console.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Bally-Arcade-Console.jpg/330px-Bally-Arcade-Console.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Bally-Arcade-Console.jpg/440px-Bally-Arcade-Console.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4060" data-file-height="2220" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Manufacturer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bally_Manufacturing" title="Bally Manufacturing">Bally Manufacturing</a><br />Astrovision</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Home_video_game_console" title="Home video game console">Home video game console</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Generation</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Second_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Second generation of video game consoles">Second generation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Release date</th><td class="infobox-data">April 1978<span class="noprint">; 46 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">April 1978</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Introductory price</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="white-space: nowrap">US$299</span> (equivalent to $1,500 in 2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Discontinued</th><td class="infobox-data">1983<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1983</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Central_processing_unit" title="Central processing unit">CPU</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Zilog_Z80" title="Zilog Z80">Zilog Z80</a> clocked at 1.789 <a href="/wiki/Megahertz" class="mw-redirect" title="Megahertz">MHz</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Memory</th><td class="infobox-data">4 <a href="/wiki/Kilobyte" title="Kilobyte">KB</a>–64 KB (with external modules) <a href="/wiki/Random_access_memory" class="mw-redirect" title="Random access memory">RAM</a><br />8 KB <a href="/wiki/Read-only_memory" title="Read-only memory">ROM</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Removable_media" title="Removable media">Removable storage</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ROM_cartridge" title="ROM cartridge">ROM cartridge</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Graphics</th><td class="infobox-data">160×102 or 320×204 in 4/8 colors</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sound</th><td class="infobox-data">3 × <a href="/wiki/Oscillators" class="mw-redirect" title="Oscillators">oscillators</a> with <a href="/wiki/White_noise_machine" title="White noise machine">noise mixing</a> and hardware global <a href="/wiki/Vibrato" title="Vibrato">vibrato</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Bally Astrocade</b> (also known as <b>Bally Arcade</b> and initially as <b>Bally ABA-1000</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is a <a href="/wiki/Second_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Second generation of video game consoles">second-generation</a> <a href="/wiki/Home_video_game_console" title="Home video game console">home video game console</a> and simple computer system designed by a team at <a href="/wiki/Midway_Games" title="Midway Games">Midway</a>, at that time the <a href="/wiki/Videogame" class="mw-redirect" title="Videogame">videogame</a> division of <a href="/wiki/Bally_Manufacturing" title="Bally Manufacturing">Bally</a>. It was originally announced as the "Bally Home Library Computer" in October <a href="/wiki/1977_in_video_gaming" class="mw-redirect" title="1977 in video gaming">1977</a> and initially made available for mail order in December 1977. But due to production delays, the units were first released to stores in April <a href="/wiki/1978_in_video_gaming" class="mw-redirect" title="1978 in video gaming">1978</a> and its branding changed to "Bally Professional Arcade". It was marketed only for a limited time before Bally decided to exit the market. The rights were later picked up by a third-party company, who re-released it and sold it until around 1984. The Astrocade is particularly notable for its very powerful graphics capabilities for the time of release,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and for the difficulty in accessing those capabilities. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bally_Astrocade&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nutting_and_Midway">Nutting and Midway</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bally_Astrocade&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Nutting and Midway"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the late 1970s, Midway contracted <a href="/wiki/Dave_Nutting_Associates" class="mw-redirect" title="Dave Nutting Associates">Dave Nutting Associates</a> to design a video display chip that could be used in all of their videogame systems, from standup <a href="/wiki/Arcade_game" title="Arcade game">arcade games</a>, to a <a href="/wiki/Home_computer" title="Home computer">home computer</a> system. The system Nutting delivered was used in most of Midway's classic arcade games of the era, including <i><a href="/wiki/Gorf" title="Gorf">Gorf</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Wizard_of_Wor" title="Wizard of Wor">Wizard of Wor</a></i>. The <a href="/wiki/Chipset" title="Chipset">chipset</a> supported what was at that time relatively high resolution of 320×204 in four colours per <a href="/wiki/Scanline" class="mw-redirect" title="Scanline">line</a>, although to access this mode required memory that could be accessed at a faster rate than the common 2 MHz <a href="/wiki/Dynamic_RAM" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynamic RAM">dynamic RAM</a> of the era. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Console_use">Console use</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bally_Astrocade&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Console use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Originally referred to as the <b>Bally Home Library Computer</b>, it was released in 1977 but available only through <a href="/wiki/Mail_order" title="Mail order">mail order</a>. Delays in the production meant none of the units actually shipped until 1978, and by this time the machine had been renamed the <b>Bally Professional Arcade</b>. In this form it sold mostly at computer stores and had little retail exposure (unlike the <a href="/wiki/Atari_2600" title="Atari 2600">Atari VCS</a>). In <a href="/wiki/1979_in_video_gaming" class="mw-redirect" title="1979 in video gaming">1979</a>, Bally grew less interested in the arcade market and decided to sell off their Consumer Products Division, including development and production of the game console. </p><p>At about the same time, a third-party group had been unsuccessfully attempting to bring their own console design to market as the <b>Astrovision</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A corporate buyer from <a href="/wiki/Montgomery_Ward" title="Montgomery Ward">Montgomery Ward</a> who was in charge of the Bally system put the two groups in contact, and a deal was eventually arranged. In <a href="/wiki/1981_in_video_gaming" class="mw-redirect" title="1981 in video gaming">1981</a> they re-released the unit with the BASIC cartridge included for free, this time known as the <b>Bally Computer System</b>, with the name changing again, in 1982, to <b>Astrocade</b>. It sold under this name until the <a href="/wiki/Video_game_crash_of_1983" title="Video game crash of 1983">video game crash of 1983</a>, and then disappeared around 1985. </p><p>Midway had long been planning to release an expansion system for the unit, known as the <b>ZGRASS-100</b>. The system was being developed by a group of computer artists at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Illinois_at_Chicago" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Illinois at Chicago">University of Illinois at Chicago</a> known as the <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Visualization_Laboratory" title="Electronic Visualization Laboratory">'Circle Graphics Habitat'</a>, along with programmers at Nutting. Midway felt that such a system, in an external box, would make the Astrocade more interesting to the market. However it was still not ready for release when Bally sold off the division. A small handful may have been produced as the <b>ZGRASS-32</b> after the machine was re-released by Astrovision. </p><p>The system, combined into a single box, would eventually be released as the <a href="/wiki/Datamax_UV-1" title="Datamax UV-1">Datamax UV-1</a>. Aimed at the home computer market while being designed, the machine was now re-targeted as a system for outputting high-quality graphics to <a href="/wiki/Videotape" title="Videotape">videotape</a>. These were offered for sale some time between 1980 and <a href="/wiki/1982_in_video_gaming" class="mw-redirect" title="1982 in video gaming">1982</a>, but it is unknown how many were built. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bally_Astrocade&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bally-Professional-Arcade-Controller.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Bally-Professional-Arcade-Controller.jpg/220px-Bally-Professional-Arcade-Controller.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Bally-Professional-Arcade-Controller.jpg/330px-Bally-Professional-Arcade-Controller.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Bally-Professional-Arcade-Controller.jpg/440px-Bally-Professional-Arcade-Controller.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4400" data-file-height="3860" /></a><figcaption>Bally Astrocade controller</figcaption></figure> <p>The basic system was powered by a <a href="/wiki/Zilog_Z80" title="Zilog Z80">Zilog Z80</a> driving the display chip with a <a href="/wiki/Random_Access_Memory" class="mw-redirect" title="Random Access Memory">RAM</a> buffer in between the two. The display chip had two modes, a low-resolution mode at 160 × 102, and a high-resolution mode at 320 × 204, both with 2-bits per pixel for four colors. This sort of color/resolution was normally beyond the capabilities of RAM of the era, which could not read out the data fast enough to keep up with the TV display. The system used <a href="/wiki/Dynamic_random-access_memory#Page_mode_DRAM" title="Dynamic random-access memory">page mode addressing</a> allowing them to read one "line" at a time at very high speed into a buffer inside the display chip. The line could then be read out to the screen at a more leisurely rate, while also interfering less with the CPU, which was also trying to use the same memory. </p><p>On the Astrocade the pins needed to use this "trick" were not connected. Thus the Astrocade system was left with just the lower resolution 160 × 102 mode. In this mode the system used up 160 × 102 × 2bits = 4080 bytes of memory to hold the screen. Since the machine had only 4<a href="/wiki/Kibibyte" class="mw-redirect" title="Kibibyte">kiB</a> (4096 bytes) of RAM, this left very little room for program functions such as keeping score and game options. The rest of the program would have to be placed in <a href="/wiki/Read_only_memory" class="mw-redirect" title="Read only memory">ROM</a>. </p><p>The Astrocade used color <a href="/wiki/Processor_register" title="Processor register">registers</a>, or <i>color indirection</i>, so the four colors could be picked from a palette of 256 colors. Color animation was possible by changing the values of the registers, and using a <a href="/wiki/Horizontal_blank_interrupt" class="mw-redirect" title="Horizontal blank interrupt">horizontal blank interrupt</a> they could be changed from line to line. An additional set of four color registers could be "swapped in" at any point along the line, allowing the creation of two screen "halves", split vertically. Originally intended to allow creation of a score area on the side of the screen, programmers also used this feature to emulate 8 color modes. </p><p>Unlike the VCS, the Astrocade did not include hardware <a href="/wiki/Sprite_(computer_graphics)" title="Sprite (computer graphics)">sprite</a> support. It did, however, include a <a href="/wiki/Blitter" title="Blitter">blitter</a>-like system and software to drive it. Memory above 0x4000 was dedicated to the display, and memory below that to the ROM. If a program wrote to the ROM space (normally impossible, it is "read only" after all) the video chip would take the data, apply a function to it, and then copy the result into the corresponding location in the RAM. Which function to use was stored in a register in the display chip, and included common instructions like <a href="/wiki/XOR" class="mw-redirect" title="XOR">XOR</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bit-shift" class="mw-redirect" title="Bit-shift">bit-shift</a>. This allowed the Astrocade to support any number of sprite-like objects independent of hardware, with the downside that it was up to the software to re-draw them when they moved. </p><p>The Astrocade was one of the early cartridge-based systems, using cartridges known as <i>Videocades</i> that were designed to be as close in size and shape as possible to a <a href="/wiki/Cassette_tape" title="Cassette tape">cassette tape</a>. The unit also included two <a href="/wiki/Pack-in_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Pack-in game">games built into</a> the ROM, <i><a href="/wiki/Gun_Fight" title="Gun Fight">Gunfight</a></i> and <i>Checkmate</i>, along with the simple but useful Calculator and a "doodle" program called Scribbling. Most cartridges included two games, and when they were inserted the machine would reset and display a menu starting with the programs on the cartridge and then listing the four built-in programs. </p><p>The Astrocade featured a relatively complex input device incorporating several types of control mechanisms: the <a href="/wiki/Game_controller" title="Game controller">controller</a> was shaped as a pistol-style grip with trigger switch on the front; a small 4-switch/8-way <a href="/wiki/Joystick" title="Joystick">joystick</a> was placed on top of the grip, and the shaft of the joystick connected to a <a href="/wiki/Potentiometer" title="Potentiometer">potentiometer</a>, meaning that the stick could be rotated to double as a <a href="/wiki/Paddle_controller" class="mw-redirect" title="Paddle controller">paddle controller</a>. </p><p>On the front of the unit was a 24-key "hex-pad" keyboard used for selecting games and options as well as operating the calculator. On the back were a number of ports, including connectors for power, the controllers, and an expansion port. One oddity was that the top rear of the unit was empty, and could be opened to store up to 15 cartridges. The system's ability to be upgraded from a <a href="/wiki/Video_game_console" title="Video game console">video game console</a> to <a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">personal computer</a> along with its library of nearly 30 games in 1982 are some reasons that made it more versatile than its main competitors, and was listed by <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Rovin" title="Jeff Rovin">Jeff Rovin</a> as one of the seven major video game suppliers.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Astro_BASIC">Astro BASIC</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bally_Astrocade&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Astro BASIC"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Astrocade also included a <a href="/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC">BASIC</a> programming language cartridge, written by <a href="/wiki/Jamie_Fenton" title="Jamie Fenton">Jamie Fenton</a>, who expanded <a href="/wiki/Li-Chen_Wang" title="Li-Chen Wang">Li-Chen Wang</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Palo_Alto_Tiny_BASIC" class="mw-redirect" title="Palo Alto Tiny BASIC">Palo Alto Tiny BASIC</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AstroBASIC_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AstroBASIC-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> First published as Bally BASIC in 1978. </p><p>Developing a <a href="/wiki/BASIC_interpreter" title="BASIC interpreter">BASIC interpreter</a> on the system was difficult, because the display alone used up almost all the available RAM. The solution to this problem was to store the BASIC program code in the video RAM. </p><p>This was accomplished by interleaving every <a href="/wiki/Bit" title="Bit">bit</a> of the program along with the display itself; BASIC used all the even-numbered bits, and the display the odd-numbered bits. The <a href="/wiki/Interpreter_(computer_software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interpreter (computer software)">interpreter</a> would read out two bytes, drop all the odd-numbered bits, and assemble the results into a single <a href="/wiki/Byte" title="Byte">byte</a> of code. This was rendered invisible by setting two of the colors to be the same as the other two, such that colors <code>01</code> and <code>11</code> would be the same (white), so the presence, or lack, of a bit for BASIC had no effect on the screen. Additional memory was scavenged by using fewer lines vertically, only 88 instead of the full 102. This managed to squeeze out 1760 bytes of RAM for BASIC programs. The downside was that most of the graphics system's power was unavailable. </p><p>Programs were entered via the calculator keypad, with a plastic overlay displaying letters, symbols, and BASIC keywords. These were selected through a set of 4 colored shift keys. For example; typing "WORD"(gold) shift then the "+" key would result in <code>GOTO</code>. </p><p>A simple line editor was supported. After typing the line number corresponding to an existing program, each press of the PAUSE key would load the next character from memory.<sup id="cite_ref-AstroBASIC_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AstroBASIC-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 16">: 16 </span></sup> </p><p>An Astro BASIC program that later became commercialized is <a href="/wiki/Artillery_Duel" title="Artillery Duel">Artillery Duel</a>. John Perkins wrote the game first and submitted it to <i>The Arcadian</i> <a href="/wiki/Fanzine" title="Fanzine">fanzine</a>, from which it was adapted for the Astro BASIC manual.<sup id="cite_ref-AstroBASIC_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AstroBASIC-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 95">: 95 </span></sup> Perkins subsequently developed the Astrocade cartridge of the game. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language_features">Language features</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bally_Astrocade&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Language features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Astro BASIC supported the following keywords:<sup id="cite_ref-AstroBASIC_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AstroBASIC-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 108-114">: 108-114 </span></sup> </p> <ul><li>Commands: <code>LIST</code>, <code>RUN</code>, <code>STOP</code>, <code>TRACE</code></li> <li>Statements: <code>PRINT</code>, <code>INPUT</code></li> <li>Structure: <code>GOTO</code>, <code>GOSUB</code>, <code>RETURN</code>, <code>IF</code> (but no <code>THEN</code> and no <code>ELSE</code>), <code>FOR-TO-STEP/NEXT</code></li> <li>Graphics: <code>BOX</code>, <code>CLEAR</code>, <code>LINE</code></li> <li>Tape Commands: <code>:PRINT</code>, <code>:INPUT</code>, <code>:LIST</code>, <code>:RUN</code></li> <li>Functions: <code>ABS()</code>, <code>CALL()</code>, <code>JX()</code> (specified joystick's horizontal position), <code>JY()</code> (joystick vertical position), <code>KN()</code> (knob status), <code>PX(X,Y)</code> (pixel on or off), <code>RND()</code>, <code>TR()</code> (trigger status)</li> <li>Built-in variables <ul><li>(read only): <code>KP</code> (key press), <code>RM</code> (remainder of last division), <code>SZ</code> (memory size), <code>XY</code> (last LINE position)</li> <li>(write only): <code>SM=</code> (scroll mode), <code>TV=</code> (display ASCII character)</li> <li>(read/write): <code>BC</code> (background color), <code>CX</code> <code>CY</code> (cursor position), <code>FC</code> (foreground color), <code>NT</code> (note time),</li></ul></li> <li>Math: + - × ÷</li> <li>Relational operators: < > = # [not equal] [the language did not support: <= => <>]</li> <li>Logical operators: × [AND] + [OR]</li></ul> <p>A period <code>.</code> at the start of the line was equivalent to <code>REM</code> in other BASIC implementations. Certain commands were handled by the keypad instead of by keywords: the RESET button was equivalent to <code>NEW</code> in other interpreters. </p><p>The language supported 26 integer variables <code>A</code> to <code>Z</code>, and two pre-defined <a href="/wiki/Array_data_type" class="mw-redirect" title="Array data type">arrays</a>, <code>@()</code> - which was stored starting after the program, ascending - and <code>*()</code> - which was stored from the top of memory, descending. The language lacked a <code>DIM</code> statement for dimensioning the arrays, the size of which was determined by available memory (<code>SZ</code>) not used by the program listing (2 bytes per item). Ports were accessed via the array <code>&()</code>, and memory was accessed via the array <code>%()</code>, rather than using <a href="/wiki/PEEK_and_POKE" title="PEEK and POKE">PEEK and POKE</a>. While the language lacked strings, <code>KP</code> would provide the <a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a> value of a key press, which could be output to <code>TV</code>, meaning that characters could be read in from the keyboard, stored in an array, and then output. </p><p>The character display was 11 lines of 26 characters across. The resolution for the graphic commands is 88x160, with X ranging from -80 to 79 and Y ranging from -44 to 43. </p><p>Music could be produced in four ways:<sup id="cite_ref-AstroBASIC_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AstroBASIC-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 40,114">: 40,114 </span></sup> </p> <ol><li>The <code>PRINT</code> command, as a side effect, produced a unique tone for each character or keyword displayed.</li> <li>The <code>MU</code> variable converted numbers into notes.</li> <li>Ports 16 through 23 accessed a music synthesizer.</li> <li>The sound-synthesizer variables <code>MO</code> (master oscillator), <code>NM</code> (Noise Mode), <code>NV</code> (Noise Volume), <code>TA</code> (Tone A), <code>TB</code> (Tone B), <code>TC</code> (Tone C), <code>VA</code> (Voice A volume), <code>VB</code> (Voice B volume), <code>VC</code> (Voice C volume), <code>VF</code> (Vibrato Frequency), <code>VR</code> (VibRato). (Added to Astro BASIC but not in Bally BASIC.)</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sample_code">Sample code</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bally_Astrocade&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Sample code"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following sample program from the manual demonstrates the joystick input and graphics functions. "Try your skill... The first player's knob moves the phaser left or right and the trigger shoots... Player two controls the target while player one shoots."<sup id="cite_ref-AstroBASIC_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AstroBASIC-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 72">: 72 </span></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1195917819">.mw-parser-output .pre-borderless{border:none}</style><pre class="pre"> 1 .PHASER PHUN 2 .BY DICK AINSWORTH 10 <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-cbmbas mw-content-ltr" style="background:none; border:none; color:inherit; padding: 0px 0px;" dir="ltr"><span class="n">X</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nb">RND</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">60</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">31</span></code> 20 <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-cbmbas mw-content-ltr" style="background:none; border:none; color:inherit; padding: 0px 0px;" dir="ltr"><span class="n">Y</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nb">RND</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">20</span><span class="p">)</span></code> 30 CLEAR 40 X=X+JX(2)×3 50 Y=Y+JY(2)×3 60 BOX X,Y,4,4,3 70 K=KN(1)÷2 80 BOX K,-40,3,8,1 90 <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-cbmbas mw-content-ltr" style="background:none; border:none; color:inherit; padding: 0px 0px;" dir="ltr"><span class="kr">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0</span><span class="kr">GOTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">30</span></code> 100 N=1 110 <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-cbmbas mw-content-ltr" style="background:none; border:none; color:inherit; padding: 0px 0px;" dir="ltr"><span class="kr">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">K</span><span class="o">></span><span class="n">X</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">3</span><span class="kr">IF</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">K</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">X</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mf">3</span><span class="n">N</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">15</span></code> 120 <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-cbmbas mw-content-ltr" style="background:none; border:none; color:inherit; padding: 0px 0px;" dir="ltr"><span class="kr">FOR</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">A</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">1</span><span class="kr">TO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">N</span></code> 130 BOX K,0,1,80,3 140 MU="4" 150 BC=A×8 160 <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-cbmbas mw-content-ltr" style="background:none; border:none; color:inherit; padding: 0px 0px;" dir="ltr"><span class="kr">NEXT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">A</span></code> 170 FC=7 180 BC=8 190 <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-cbmbas mw-content-ltr" style="background:none; border:none; color:inherit; padding: 0px 0px;" dir="ltr"><span class="kr">GOTO</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">10</span></code></pre> <p>This listing illustrates how keywords, which were tokenized, were always displayed with a following space. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ZGRASS">ZGRASS</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bally_Astrocade&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: ZGRASS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ZGRASS unit sat under the Astrocade and turned it into a "real" computer, including a full keyboard, a math <a href="/wiki/Co-processor" class="mw-redirect" title="Co-processor">co-processor</a> (<a href="/wiki/Floating_point_unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Floating point unit">FPU</a>), 32k of RAM, and a new 32k ROM containing the <a href="/wiki/GRASS_programming_language" class="mw-redirect" title="GRASS programming language">GRASS programming language</a> (sometimes referred to as <b>GRAFIX</b> on this machine).<sup id="cite_ref-Stern_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stern-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The unit also added I/O ports for a cassette and <a href="/wiki/Floppy_disk" title="Floppy disk">floppy disk</a>, allowing it to be used with <a href="/wiki/CP/M" title="CP/M">CP/M</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bally_Astrocade&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Games_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Games (magazine)">Games</a></i> magazine included <i>Bally Professional Astrocade</i> in their "Top 100 Games of 1981", noting that "Our favorite cartridges are the classic Gunfight, Red Baron air war, and Demolition Derby."<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Danny_Goodman" title="Danny Goodman">Danny Goodman</a> of <i><a href="/wiki/Creative_Computing" class="mw-redirect" title="Creative Computing">Creative Computing</a> Video & Arcade Games</i> stated in 1983 that Astrocade "has one of the best graphics and sound packages of any home video game".<sup id="cite_ref-goodman1983spring_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-goodman1983spring-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Specifications">Specifications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bally_Astrocade&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Specifications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bally-Professional-Arcade-Deconstructed-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Bally-Professional-Arcade-Deconstructed-01.jpg/220px-Bally-Professional-Arcade-Deconstructed-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Bally-Professional-Arcade-Deconstructed-01.jpg/330px-Bally-Professional-Arcade-Deconstructed-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Bally-Professional-Arcade-Deconstructed-01.jpg/440px-Bally-Professional-Arcade-Deconstructed-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4391" data-file-height="3700" /></a><figcaption>Bally Astrocade motherboard</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Circuit_board_and_cartridges">Circuit board and cartridges</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bally_Astrocade&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Circuit board and cartridges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>CPU: Zilog Z80, 1.789 MHz</li> <li>RAM: 4 kB (up to 64 kB with external modules in the expansion port)</li> <li>ROM: 8 kB</li> <li>Cart ROM: 8 kB</li> <li>Expansion: 64 kB total</li> <li>Ports: 4 controller, 1 expansion, 1 light pen</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Audio">Audio</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bally_Astrocade&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Audio"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="28" data-mwtitle="Bally_Arcade_Tetris_Theme_Sound_Chip_Demonstration.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Bally_Arcade_Tetris_Theme_Sound_Chip_Demonstration.ogg"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/73/Bally_Arcade_Tetris_Theme_Sound_Chip_Demonstration.ogg/Bally_Arcade_Tetris_Theme_Sound_Chip_Demonstration.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Bally_Arcade_Tetris_Theme_Sound_Chip_Demonstration.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span><figcaption>Demonstration of Bally Arcade's multi-voice sound chip, including noise and various vibrato effects</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Sound chip model: 0066-117XX, also known as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bally_Astrocade_Music_Processor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bally Astrocade Music Processor (page does not exist)">Music Processor</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or a custom I/O chip<sup id="cite_ref-:1_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> since the sound chip also performs I/O functions.</li> <li>Channel capabilities: There are 3 square wave channels, all with a pitch accuracy of 8-bits (256 possible frequencies from which to choose), which can all play square waves. The chip also has a noise generator, which can be independent from the other 3 square wave channels, or it can add its value to the master oscillator that drives the 3 square wave channels. The master oscillator can be set to different frequencies, which means that the frequency range can be changed for the 3 square wave channels.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Volume control: Each channel has independent 4-bit volume control.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Miscellaneous features concerning sound: There are hardware registers for vibrato, with two bits for the vibrato speed and 6 bits for vibrato depth.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This means that it wouldn't be necessary for vibrato to be done entirely with software.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Video">Video</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bally_Astrocade&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Video"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Resolution: True 160×102 / Basic 160×88 / Expanded RAM 320×204</li> <li>Colors: True 8* / Basic 2 <ul><li>The bitmap structure of the Bally actually only allows for 4 color settings. However, through the use of 2 color palettes and a left/right boundary control byte you could have the left section of screen (this could be the play field) use 1 set of colors while the right side (this could show information such as lives and score) used an entirely different set of colors, thus 8 total colors were possible.</li></ul></li> <li>Graphic type: Bitmap, 2 bit per pixel bit map.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Game_library">Game library</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bally_Astrocade&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Game library"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are <b>28</b> officially released video games for the system. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gun_Fight" title="Gun Fight">Gun Fight</a> / Checkmate (1977) (Built into Console)</li> <li>280 Zzzap / Dodgem (1978)</li> <li>Amazing Maze / Tic Tac Toe (1978)</li> <li>Blackjack / Poker / Acey-Deucey (1978)</li> <li>Dog Patch (1978)</li> <li>Elementary Math and Speed Math (1978)</li> <li>Football (1978)</li> <li>Grand Prix / Demolition Derby (1978)</li> <li>Panzer Attack / Red Baron (1978)</li> <li>Seawolf / Missile (1978)</li> <li>Star Battle (1978)</li> <li>Tornado Baseball / Tennis / Hockey / Handball (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clowns_(video_game)" title="Clowns (video game)">Clowns</a> / Brickyard (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Invaders" title="Space Invaders">Space Invaders</a> (1979) (later retitled Astro Battle)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astro_Battle_(arcade_game)" class="mw-redirect" title="Astro Battle (arcade game)">Astro Battle</a> (1981) (originally titled Space Invaders)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bally_Pin" title="Bally Pin">Bally Pin</a> (1981)</li> <li>Biorhythm (1981)</li> <li>Galactic Invasion (1981) (originally titled Galaxian)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galaxian" title="Galaxian">Galaxian</a> (1981) (later retitled Galactic Invasion)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Incredible_Wizard" class="mw-redirect" title="The Incredible Wizard">The Incredible Wizard</a> (1981)</li> <li>Letter Match / Spell'n Score / Crosswords (1981)</li> <li>Pirates Chase (1981)</li> <li>Solar Conqueror (1981)</li> <li>Space Fortress (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artillery_Duel" title="Artillery Duel">Artillery Duel</a> (1982)</li> <li>Cosmic Raiders (1982)</li> <li>Ms. CandyMan (1983) (very rare)</li> <li>Sea Devil (1983) (rare)</li></ul> </div> <p>Other cartridges </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC">BASIC</a></li> <li>Machine Language Manager</li></ul> <p>Prototypes </p> <ul><li>Conan the Barbarian<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Mazeman</li> <li>Soccer</li> <li>Fawn Dungeon<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Unlicensed </p> <ul><li>ICBM Attack (1982) (Spectre Systems) With the Spectre Systems handle (Extremely rare)</li> <li>Blast Droids (1983) (Esoterica)</li> <li>Sneaky Snake (1983) (New Image)</li> <li>Treasure Cove (1983) (Spectre Systems)</li></ul> <p>Homebrew </p> <ul><li>Muncher (1981)</li> <li>War<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Crazy Climber</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bally_Astrocade&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Video_(magazine)" title="Video (magazine)">Video</a></i> Magazine. 1980. Video Buyer's Guide. Article "Video Games". page 78.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.islandnet.com/~kpolsson/vidgame/vid1982.htm">Chronology of Video Game Systems</a> by Ken Polsson</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Complete Guide to Conquering Video Games, by Jeff Rovin</i>, <a href="/wiki/Collier_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Collier Books">Collier Books</a>, 1982</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AstroBASIC-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AstroBASIC_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AstroBASIC_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AstroBASIC_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AstroBASIC_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AstroBASIC_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AstroBASIC_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAinsworth1982" class="citation book cs1">Ainsworth, Dick (1982). <i>Astro BASIC</i>. 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New York, NY: <a href="/wiki/Gernsback_Publications" class="mw-redirect" title="Gernsback Publications">Gernsback Publications</a>. p. 53. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0033-7862">0033-7862</a> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio-Electronics&rft.atitle=Bally+Arcade&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=53&rft.date=1982-04&rft.issn=0033-7862&rft.aulast=Stern&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fradio_electronics_1982-04%2Fpage%2Fn50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABally+Astrocade" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1">"Top 100 Games of 1981". <i><a href="/wiki/Games_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Games (magazine)">Games</a></i>. No. 26. November–December 1981. p. 42.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Games&rft.atitle=Top+100+Games+of+1981&rft.issue=26&rft.pages=42&rft.date=1981-11%2F1981-12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABally+Astrocade" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-goodman1983spring-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-goodman1983spring_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodman1983" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Danny_Goodman" title="Danny Goodman">Goodman, Danny</a> (Spring 1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atarimagazines.com/cva/v1n1/vgupdate.php">"Home Video Games: Video Games Update"</a>. <i>Creative Computing Video & Arcade Games</i>. p. 32.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Creative+Computing+Video+%26+Arcade+Games&rft.atitle=Home+Video+Games%3A+Video+Games+Update&rft.ssn=spring&rft.pages=32&rft.date=1983&rft.aulast=Goodman&rft.aufirst=Danny&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atarimagazines.com%2Fcva%2Fv1n1%2Fvgupdate.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABally+Astrocade" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBALLY_MANUFACTURING" class="citation web cs1">BALLY MANUFACTURING. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ballyalley.com/documentation/misc_hardware_docs/Bally/full_size/Bally%20Arcade%20Service%20Manual%20(OCR).pdf">"Bally Professional Arcade Service Manual"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>ballyalley.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ballyalley.com&rft.atitle=Bally+Professional+Arcade+Service+Manual&rft.au=BALLY+MANUFACTURING&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fballyalley.com%2Fdocumentation%2Fmisc_hardware_docs%2FBally%2Ffull_size%2FBally%2520Arcade%2520Service%2520Manual%2520%28OCR%29.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABally+Astrocade" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGiles" class="citation web cs1">Giles, Aaron. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mamedev/mame/master/src/devices/sound/astrocde.cpp">"Source code for emulating the Astrocade custom "IO" chip in MESS/MAME"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Source+code+for+emulating+the+Astrocade+custom+%22IO%22+chip+in+MESS%2FMAME&rft.aulast=Giles&rft.aufirst=Aaron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fraw.githubusercontent.com%2Fmamedev%2Fmame%2Fmaster%2Fsrc%2Fdevices%2Fsound%2Fastrocde.cpp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABally+Astrocade" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ConantheBarbarianPrototypeBallyAstrocade">"Internet Archive - Conan the Barbarian Prototype by Astrocade, Inc"</a>. 9 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Internet+Archive+-+Conan+the+Barbarian+Prototype+by+Astrocade%2C+Inc&rft.date=2017-08-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FConantheBarbarianPrototypeBallyAstrocade&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABally+Astrocade" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ballyalley.com/emulation/cart_images/cart_images.html">"Bally Alley - Barry McCleave"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bally+Alley+-+Barry+McCleave&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fballyalley.com%2Femulation%2Fcart_images%2Fcart_images.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABally+Astrocade" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rarityguide.com/astrocade_view.php">"Bally Astrocade Rarity Guide"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bally+Astrocade+Rarity+Guide&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rarityguide.com%2Fastrocade_view.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABally+Astrocade" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tinyarcademachines.com/">"Tiny Arcade Machines"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tiny+Arcade+Machines&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftinyarcademachines.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABally+Astrocade" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bally_Astrocade&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ballyalley.com/">Bally Alley</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thedoteaters.com/?bitstory=bally-professional-arcade">Astrocade history at The Dot Eaters</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.videogameconsolelibrary.com/pg70-bally.htm#page=reviews">Video Game Console Library</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thegameconsole.com/bally-professional-arcade/">TheGameConsole.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oldcomputers.net/bally-home-library-computer.html">OldComputers.net</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.consoledatabase.com/consoleinfo/ballyastrocade/">Console Database</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.playerschoicevideogames.com/cat-bally-home-arcade.cfm">Player's Choice Videogames</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.glankonian.com/~lance/History.html">What is a Bally/Astrocade - Dead Link</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181118091224/http://www.glankonian.com/~lance/History.html">Archived</a> 2018-11-18 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> - history overview at Glankonian.com</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.giantbomb.com/bally-astrocade/3045-120/">Database</a> at <a href="/wiki/GiantBomb" class="mw-redirect" title="GiantBomb">GiantBomb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bally_astrocade_library">Bally Astrocade games</a> playable for free in the browser at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a> <i>Console Living Room</i></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Video_game_consoles" title="Template:Video game consoles"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Video_game_consoles" title="Template talk:Video game consoles"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Video_game_consoles" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Video game consoles"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Video_game_consoles_(second_generation)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Video_game_console" title="Video game console">Video game consoles</a> (<a href="/wiki/Second_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Second generation of video game consoles">second generation</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Form factor</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Home_video_game_console" title="Home video game console">Home video game console</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microconsole" title="Microconsole">Microconsole</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handheld_game_console" title="Handheld game console">Handheld game console</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_console#Hybrid_video_game_console" title="Video game console">Hybrid video game console</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Functionality</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dedicated_console" title="Dedicated console">Dedicated console</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_console#Retro_style_console" title="Video game console">Retro style console</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Home_video_game_console_generations" class="mw-redirect" title="Home video game console generations">Generations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="First generation of video game consoles">First (1972–1980)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Second generation of video game consoles">Second (1976–1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Third generation of video game consoles">Third (1983–2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Fourth generation of video game consoles">Fourth (1987–2004)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Fifth generation of video game consoles">Fifth (1993–2006)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Sixth generation of video game consoles">Sixth (1998–2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Seventh generation of video game consoles">Seventh (2005–2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighth_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Eighth generation of video game consoles">Eighth (2012–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninth_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Ninth generation of video game consoles">Ninth (2020–present)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Second<br />generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Home</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/APF-MP1000" title="APF-MP1000">APF-MP1000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcadia_2001" title="Arcadia 2001">Arcadia 2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_2600" title="Atari 2600">Atari 2600</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_5200" title="Atari 5200">Atari 5200</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bally Astrocade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ColecoVision" title="ColecoVision">ColecoVision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassette_Vision" title="Cassette Vision">Epoch Cassette Vision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_Channel_F" title="Fairchild Channel F">Fairchild Channel F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gakken_Compact_Vision_TV_Boy" title="Gakken Compact Vision TV Boy">Gakken Compact Vision TV Boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interton_Video_Computer_4000" title="Interton Video Computer 4000">Interton VC 4000</a>/<a href="/wiki/1292_Advanced_Programmable_Video_System" title="1292 Advanced Programmable Video System">1292 Advanced Programmable Video System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intellivision" title="Intellivision">Intellivision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnavox_Odyssey_2" title="Magnavox Odyssey 2">Odyssey 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RCA_Studio_II" title="RCA Studio II">RCA Studio II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vectrex" title="Vectrex">Vectrex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandai_Super_Vision_8000" title="Bandai Super Vision 8000">Super Vision 8000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VTech_CreatiVision" title="VTech CreatiVision">VTech CreatiVision</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Handheld</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microvision" title="Microvision">Milton Bradley Microvision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_Discovery_System" title="Children's Discovery System">Children's Discovery System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entex_Select-A-Game" title="Entex Select-A-Game">Entex Select-A-Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entex_Adventure_Vision" title="Entex Adventure Vision">Entex Adventure Vision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VTech_3D_Gamate" class="mw-redirect" title="VTech 3D Gamate">3D Gamate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VTech_Variety" class="mw-redirect" title="VTech Variety">Variety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmtex_Portable_Videogame_System" title="Palmtex Portable Videogame System">Palmtex Portable Videogame System / Super Micro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digi_Casse" title="Digi Casse">Digi Casse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romtec_Colorvision" title="Romtec Colorvision">Romtec Colorvision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epoch_Game_Pocket_Computer" title="Epoch Game Pocket Computer">Epoch Game Pocket Computer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dedicated</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Game_%26_Watch" title="Game & Watch">Nintendo Game & Watch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dedicated_video_game_consoles" title="List of dedicated video game consoles">Dedicated video game consoles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_handheld_game_consoles" title="List of handheld game consoles">Handheld game consoles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_home_video_game_consoles" class="mw-redirect" title="List of home video game consoles">Home video game consoles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_microconsoles" title="List of microconsoles">Microconsoles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_retro_style_video_game_consoles" title="List of retro style video game consoles">Retro style video game consoles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div><div style="float: left;"><a href="/wiki/First_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="First generation of video game consoles">← First generation</a></div> <div style="float: right;"><a href="/wiki/Third_generation_of_video_game_consoles" title="Third generation of video game consoles">Third generation →</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_console_emulator" title="Video game console emulator">Emulator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Console_game" title="Console game">Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_console_gaming" title="Online console gaming">Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_video_game_consoles" title="History of video game consoles">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_video_game_consoles" title="Lists of video game consoles">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Console_manufacturer" class="mw-redirect" title="Console manufacturer">Manufacturer</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Home_video_game_consoles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Home_video_game_consoles" title="Template:Home video game consoles"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Home_video_game_consoles" title="Template talk:Home video game consoles"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Home_video_game_consoles" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Home video game consoles"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Home_video_game_consoles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Home_video_game_console" title="Home video game console">Home video game consoles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Atari" title="Atari">Atari</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atari_2600" title="Atari 2600">Atari 2600</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_5200" title="Atari 5200">Atari 5200</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_7800" title="Atari 7800">Atari 7800</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_XEGS" title="Atari XEGS">XEGS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_Jaguar" title="Atari Jaguar">Jaguar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_Flashback" title="Atari Flashback">Flashback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_VCS_(2021_console)" title="Atari VCS (2021 console)">VCS (2021)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_2600%2B" title="Atari 2600+">2600+</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bandai" title="Bandai">Bandai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandai_Super_Vision_8000" title="Bandai Super Vision 8000">Super Vision 8000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcadia_2001#Bandai_Arcadia" title="Arcadia 2001">Arcadia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandai_RX-78" title="Bandai RX-78">RX-78</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playdia" title="Playdia">Playdia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Pippin" title="Apple Pippin">Apple Pippin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terebikko" title="Terebikko">Terebikko</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Casio" title="Casio">Casio</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PV-1000" title="PV-1000">PV-1000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casio_Loopy" title="Casio Loopy">Casio Loopy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coleco" title="Coleco">Coleco</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coleco_Telstar_Arcade" title="Coleco Telstar Arcade">Coleco Telstar Arcade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ColecoVision" title="ColecoVision">ColecoVision</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Commodore_International" title="Commodore International">Commodore</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_64_Games_System" title="Commodore 64 Games System">Commodore 64 Games System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_CDTV" class="mw-redirect" title="Commodore CDTV">CDTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiga_CD32" title="Amiga CD32">Amiga CD32</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Epoch_Co." title="Epoch Co.">Epoch</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cassette_Vision" title="Cassette Vision">Cassette Vision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Cassette_Vision" title="Super Cassette Vision">Super Cassette Vision</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/LeapFrog_Enterprises" title="LeapFrog Enterprises">LeapFrog</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leapster" title="Leapster">Leapster TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ClickStart" title="ClickStart">ClickStart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LeapTV" title="LeapTV">LeapTV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mattel" title="Mattel">Mattel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intellivision" title="Intellivision">Intellivision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HyperScan" title="HyperScan">HyperScan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> (<a href="/wiki/Xbox" title="Xbox">Xbox</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xbox_(console)" title="Xbox (console)">Xbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xbox_360" title="Xbox 360">Xbox 360</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xbox_One" title="Xbox One">Xbox One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xbox_Series_X_and_Series_S" title="Xbox Series X and Series S">Xbox Series X/S</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/NEC" title="NEC">NEC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TurboGrafx-16" title="TurboGrafx-16">PC Engine/TurboGrafx-16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PC-FX" title="PC-FX">PC-FX</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System">Family Computer/Nintendo Entertainment System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Super Nintendo Entertainment System">Super Famicom/Super NES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_64" title="Nintendo 64">Nintendo 64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GameCube" title="GameCube">GameCube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wii" title="Wii">Wii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wii_U" title="Wii U">Wii U</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Switch" title="Nintendo Switch">Switch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Panasonic" title="Panasonic">Panasonic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3DO_Interactive_Multiplayer" class="mw-redirect" title="3DO Interactive Multiplayer">3DO Interactive Multiplayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panasonic_Q" class="mw-redirect" title="Panasonic Q">Panasonic Q</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Philips" title="Philips">Philips</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magnavox_Odyssey" title="Magnavox Odyssey">Magnavox Odyssey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnavox_Odyssey_2" title="Magnavox Odyssey 2">Odyssey 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philips_Videopac%2B_G7400" title="Philips Videopac+ G7400">Videopac+ G7400</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD-i" title="CD-i">CD-i</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/RCA" title="RCA">RCA</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RCA_Studio_II" title="RCA Studio II">RCA Studio II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuon_(DVD_technology)" title="Nuon (DVD technology)">RCA Nuon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sega" title="Sega">Sega</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SG-1000" title="SG-1000">SG-1000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_System" title="Master System">Master System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sega_Genesis" title="Sega Genesis">Mega Drive/Genesis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sega_CD" title="Sega CD">Sega CD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/32X" title="32X">32X</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sega_Saturn" title="Sega Saturn">Saturn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreamcast" title="Dreamcast">Dreamcast</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/SNK" title="SNK">SNK</a> (<a href="/wiki/Neo_Geo" title="Neo Geo">Neo Geo</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo_Geo_(system)" title="Neo Geo (system)">Neo Geo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo_Geo_CD" title="Neo Geo CD">Neo Geo CD</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a> (<a href="/wiki/PlayStation" title="PlayStation">PlayStation</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_(console)" title="PlayStation (console)">PlayStation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_2" title="PlayStation 2">PlayStation 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_3" title="PlayStation 3">PlayStation 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_4" title="PlayStation 4">PlayStation 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_5" title="PlayStation 5">PlayStation 5</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/VTech" title="VTech">VTech</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VTech_CreatiVision" title="VTech CreatiVision">CreatiVision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VTech_Socrates" title="VTech Socrates">Socrates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V.Smile" title="V.Smile">V.Smile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V.Flash" title="V.Flash">V.Flash</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/APF-MP1000" title="APF-MP1000">APF-MP1000</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bally Astrocade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_Channel_F" title="Fairchild Channel F">Fairchild Channel F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interton_Video_Computer_4000" title="Interton Video Computer 4000">Interton VC 4000</a>/<a href="/wiki/1292_Advanced_Programmable_Video_System" title="1292 Advanced Programmable Video System">1292 Advanced Programmable Video System</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_Max" title="Action Max">Action Max</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcadia_2001" title="Arcadia 2001">Arcadia 2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gakken_Compact_Vision_TV_Boy" title="Gakken Compact Vision TV Boy">Gakken Compact Vision TV Boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halcyon_(console)" title="Halcyon (console)">RDI Halcyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vectrex" title="Vectrex">Vectrex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/View-Master_Interactive_Vision" title="View-Master Interactive Vision">View-Master Interactive Vision</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amstrad_GX4000" title="Amstrad GX4000">Amstrad GX4000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Pippin" title="Apple Pippin">Apple Pippin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CP_System#Capcom_Power_System_Changer" title="CP System">CPS Changer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FM_Towns_Marty" title="FM Towns Marty">FM Towns Marty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GoldStar" title="GoldStar">Goldstar</a> (<a href="/wiki/3DO_Interactive_Multiplayer" class="mw-redirect" title="3DO Interactive Multiplayer">3DO Interactive Multiplayer</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaserActive" title="LaserActive">LaserActive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanyo" title="Sanyo">Sanyo</a> (<a href="/wiki/3DO_Interactive_Multiplayer" class="mw-redirect" title="3DO Interactive Multiplayer">3DO Interactive Multiplayer</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_A%27Can" title="Super A'Can">Super A'Can</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DISCover" title="DISCover">DISCover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EVO_Smart_Console" title="EVO Smart Console">EVO Smart Console</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_Wave_Family_Entertainment_System" title="Game Wave Family Entertainment System">Game Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperscan" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyperscan">Hyperscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xavix" title="Xavix">Xavix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeebo" title="Zeebo">Zeebo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CT510" title="CT510">CT510</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steam_Machine_(hardware_platform)" class="mw-redirect" title="Steam Machine (hardware platform)">Steam Machine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polymega" title="Polymega">Polymega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evercade_VS" title="Evercade VS">Evercade VS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_home_video_game_consoles" class="mw-redirect" title="List of home video game consoles">List</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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