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href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE" title="വിക്കിയിലെ സമീപകാലമാറ്റങ്ങൾ [r]" accesskey="r"><span>സമീപകാല മാറ്റങ്ങൾ</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%82" title="പദ്ധതി താളിനെക്കുറിച്ച്, താങ്കൾക്കെന്തൊക്കെ ചെയ്യാം, കാര്യങ്ങൾ എവിടെനിന്ന് കണ്ടെത്താം"><span>സാമൂഹികകവാടം</span></a></li><li id="n-portal-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%82"><span>കവാടം</span></a></li><li id="n-panchayat-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D" title="ആറു ഗ്രാമസഭകളുള്ള വിക്കിപീഡിയ ചർച്ചാവേദി"><span>പഞ്ചായത്ത്</span></a></li><li id="n-Embassy" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:Embassy"><span>Embassy</span></a></li><li id="n-അപ്‌ലോഡ്‌" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D"><span>അപ്‌ലോഡ്‌</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-navigation-sb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation-sb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> വഴികാട്ടി </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="സഹായം ലഭ്യമായ ഇടം"><span>സഹായം</span></a></li><li id="n-sandbox-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%B4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF"><span>എഴുത്തുകളരി</span></a></li><li id="n-styleguide-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82"><span>ശൈലീപുസ്തകം</span></a></li><li id="n-policies-and-gl-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82"><span>നയങ്ങളും മാർഗ്ഗരേഖകളും</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-communication-sb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-communication-sb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ആശയവിനിമയം </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-livechat-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%90.%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BC.%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF."><span>തത്സമയ സംവാദം</span></a></li><li id="n-maillist-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D"><span>മെയിലിങ് ലിസ്റ്റ്</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8_%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BE" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="വിക്കിപീഡിയ" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ml.svg" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="<small>വിക്കിപീഡിയ, ഒരു സ്വതന്ത്ര വിജ്ഞാനകോശം</small>" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ml.svg" width="119" height="12" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 0.75em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="വിക്കിപീഡിയ സംരംഭത്തിൽ തിരയുക [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>തിരയൂ</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="വിക്കിപീഡിയ സംരംഭത്തിൽ തിരയുക" aria-label="വിക്കിപീഡിയ സംരംഭത്തിൽ തിരയുക" autocapitalize="sentences" title="വിക്കിപീഡിയ സംരംഭത്തിൽ തിരയുക [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="പ്രത്യേകം:അന്വേഷണം"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">തിരയൂ</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="വ്യക്തിഗത ഉപകരണങ്ങൾ"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ദൃശ്യരൂപം"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ദൃശ്യരൂപം" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ദൃശ്യരൂപം</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ml.wikipedia.org&uselang=ml" class=""><span>ധനസമാഹരണം</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BD&returnto=%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D+%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%BB" title="നിർബന്ധമില്ലെങ്കിലും, താങ്കൾ ഒരു അംഗത്വമെടുക്കണമെന്നും പ്രവേശിക്കണമെന്നും താത്പര്യപ്പെടുന്നു" class=""><span>അംഗത്വമെടുക്കുക</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82&returnto=%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D+%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%BB" title="ലോഗിൻ ചെയ്യുവാൻ താല്പര്യപ്പെടുന്നു; പക്ഷേ നിർബന്ധമല്ല [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>പ്രവേശിക്കുക</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="കൂടുതൽ ഐച്ഛികങ്ങൾ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="വ്യക്തിഗത ഉപകരണങ്ങൾ" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">വ്യക്തിഗത ഉപകരണങ്ങൾ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ml.wikipedia.org&uselang=ml"><span>ധനസമാഹരണം</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:Contribute"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BD&returnto=%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D+%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%BB" title="നിർബന്ധമില്ലെങ്കിലും, താങ്കൾ ഒരു അംഗത്വമെടുക്കണമെന്നും പ്രവേശിക്കണമെന്നും താത്പര്യപ്പെടുന്നു"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>അംഗത്വമെടുക്കുക</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82&returnto=%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D+%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%BB" title="ലോഗിൻ ചെയ്യുവാൻ താല്പര്യപ്പെടുന്നു; പക്ഷേ നിർബന്ധമല്ല [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>പ്രവേശിക്കുക</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>കൂടുതൽ അറിയുക</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a 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vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#അവലംബം"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>അവലംബം</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-അവലംബം-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="ഉള്ളടക്കം" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button 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Available in 42 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">42 ഭാഷകൾ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A" title="محلول مائي – അറബിക്" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="محلول مائي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="അറബിക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soluci%C3%B3_aquosa" title="Solució aquosa – കറ്റാലാൻ" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Solució aquosa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="കറ്റാലാൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C" title="گیراوەی ئاوی – സെൻട്രൽ കുർദിഷ്" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گیراوەی ئاوی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="സെൻട്രൽ കുർദിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vandig_opl%C3%B8sning" title="Vandig opløsning – ഡാനിഷ്" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Vandig opløsning" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ഡാനിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%A4ssrige_L%C3%B6sung" title="Wässrige Lösung – ജർമ്മൻ" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wässrige Lösung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="ജർമ്മൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqueous_solution" title="Aqueous solution – ഇംഗ്ലീഷ്" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Aqueous solution" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ഇംഗ്ലീഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akva_solva%C4%B5o" title="Akva solvaĵo – എസ്‌പരാന്റോ" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Akva solvaĵo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="എസ്‌പരാന്റോ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disoluci%C3%B3n_acuosa" title="Disolución acuosa – സ്‌പാനിഷ്" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Disolución acuosa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="സ്‌പാനിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesilahus" title="Vesilahus – എസ്റ്റോണിയൻ" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vesilahus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="എസ്റ്റോണിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A2%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="محلول آبی – പേർഷ്യൻ" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="محلول آبی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="പേർഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solution_aqueuse" title="Solution aqueuse – ഫ്രഞ്ച്" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Solution aqueuse" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ഫ്രഞ്ച്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disoluci%C3%B3n_acuosa" title="Disolución acuosa – ഗലീഷ്യൻ" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Disolución acuosa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="ഗലീഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%94_%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA" title="תמיסה מימית – ഹീബ്രു" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תמיסה מימית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ഹീബ്രു" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8" title="जलीय विलयन – ഹിന്ദി" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जलीय विलयन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ഹിന്ദി" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solisyon_akez" title="Solisyon akez – ഹെയ്‌തിയൻ ക്രിയോൾ" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Solisyon akez" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="ഹെയ്‌തിയൻ ക്രിയോൾ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AE%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B5%D5%A9" title="Ջրային լուծույթ – അർമേനിയൻ" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջրային լուծույթ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="അർമേനിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larutan_berair" title="Larutan berair – ഇന്തോനേഷ്യൻ" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Larutan berair" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="ഇന്തോനേഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatnslausn" title="Vatnslausn – ഐസ്‌ലാൻഡിക്" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Vatnslausn" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ഐസ്‌ലാൻഡിക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soluzione_acquosa" title="Soluzione acquosa – ഇറ്റാലിയൻ" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Soluzione acquosa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ഇറ്റാലിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%BA%B6%E6%B6%B2" title="水溶液 – ജാപ്പനീസ്" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="水溶液" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ജാപ്പനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%88%98%EC%9A%A9%EC%95%A1" title="수용액 – കൊറിയൻ" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="수용액" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="കൊറിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Воден раствор – മാസിഡോണിയൻ" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Воден раствор" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="മാസിഡോണിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%8D%D0%BD_%D1%83%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Шингэн уусмал – മംഗോളിയൻ" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Шингэн уусмал" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="മംഗോളിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larutan_akueus" title="Larutan akueus – മലെയ്" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Larutan akueus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="മലെയ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterige_oplossing" title="Waterige oplossing – ഡച്ച്" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Waterige oplossing" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ഡച്ച്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vandig_l%C3%B8sning" title="Vandig løsning – നോർവീജിയൻ ബുക്‌മൽ" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Vandig løsning" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="നോർവീജിയൻ ബുക്‌മൽ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roztw%C3%B3r_wodny" title="Roztwór wodny – പോളിഷ്" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Roztwór wodny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="പോളിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solu%C3%A7%C3%A3o_aquosa" title="Solução aquosa – പോർച്ചുഗീസ്" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Solução aquosa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="പോർച്ചുഗീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solu%C8%9Bie_apoas%C4%83" title="Soluție apoasă – റൊമാനിയൻ" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Soluție apoasă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="റൊമാനിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Водный раствор – റഷ്യൻ" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Водный раствор" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="റഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqueous_solution" title="Aqueous solution – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Aqueous solution" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vodn%C3%BD_roztok" title="Vodný roztok – സ്ലോവാക്" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Vodný roztok" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="സ്ലോവാക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vodeni_rastvor" title="Vodeni rastvor – സെർബിയൻ" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Vodeni rastvor" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="സെർബിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="நீர்க்கரைசல் – തമിഴ്" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நீர்க்கரைசல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="തമിഴ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3" title="สารละลายในน้ำ – തായ്" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สารละลายในน้ำ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="തായ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulu_%C3%A7%C3%B6zelti" title="Sulu çözelti – ടർക്കിഷ്" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sulu çözelti" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ടർക്കിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Водний розчин – ഉക്രേനിയൻ" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Водний розчин" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ഉക്രേനിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84" title="آبی محلول – ഉറുദു" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آبی محلول" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ഉറുദു" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dung_d%E1%BB%8Bch_n%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc" title="Dung dịch nước – വിയറ്റ്നാമീസ്" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Dung dịch nước" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="വിയറ്റ്നാമീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%BA%B6%E6%B6%B2" title="水溶液 – ചൈനീസ്" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="水溶液" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ചൈനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%BA%B6%E6%B6%B2" title="水溶液 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="水溶液" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%BA%B6%E6%B6%B2" title="水溶液 – കാന്റണീസ്" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="水溶液" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="കാന്റണീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q906356#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="അന്തർഭാഷാ കണ്ണികൾ തിരുത്തുക" class="wbc-editpage">കണ്ണികൾ തിരുത്തുക</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="നാമമേഖലകൾ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%BB" title="വിവരദായക താൾ കാണുക [c]" accesskey="c"><span>ലേഖനം</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%BB" 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href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:Prettyurl#ഉപയോഗക്രമം" title="സഹായം"><img alt="സഹായം" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Gtk-dialog-question.svg/12px-Gtk-dialog-question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Gtk-dialog-question.svg/18px-Gtk-dialog-question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Gtk-dialog-question.svg/24px-Gtk-dialog-question.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></b> </div> <div class="NavContent" style="background:#eae9e9; width:auto"><span class="plainlinks" style="white-space:nowrap; overflow: hidden"><a class="external free" href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqueous_solution">https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqueous_solution</a></span> </div> </div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82:Na%2BH2O.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Na%2BH2O.svg/220px-Na%2BH2O.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Na%2BH2O.svg/330px-Na%2BH2O.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Na%2BH2O.svg/440px-Na%2BH2O.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>ജലത്തിൽ ലയിപ്പിക്കപ്പെട്ട സോഡിയം അയോണിന്റെ ആദ്യത്തെ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="സോൾവേഷൻ ഷെൽ (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">സോൾവേഷൻ ഷെൽ</a></figcaption></figure> <p>ജലം <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="ലായകം">ലായകമായി</a> ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്ന ലായനിയാണ് <b>ജലീയ ലായനി</b> അഥവാ <b>അക്വേയസ് സൊല്യൂഷൻ.</b> പ്രസക്തമായ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="സൂത്രവാക്യം">രാസസൂത്രവാക്യത്തിലേക്ക്</a> (aq) ചേർത്താണ് ഇത് കൂടുതലും <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="രാസസമവാക്യം">രാസ സമവാക്യങ്ങളിൽ</a> കാണിക്കുന്നത്. ഉദാഹരണത്തിന്, വെള്ളത്തിൽ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D" title="സോഡിയം ക്ലോറൈഡ്">സോഡിയം ക്ലോറൈഡ്</a> ലയിക്കുമ്പോൾ Na<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:0.8em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;">+<br /></span>(aq) + Cl<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:0.8em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:70%; text-align:left;">−<br /></span>(aq) എന്ന് എഴുതുന്നതിൽ, അർത്ഥം വെള്ളവുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെട്ടതോ അലിഞ്ഞുചേർന്നതോ എന്നാണ്. വെള്ളം ഒരു മികച്ച ലായകവും സ്വാഭാവികമായും സമൃദ്ധവുമാണ് എന്നതിനാൽ ഇത് <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="രസതന്ത്രം">രസതന്ത്രത്തിലെ</a> സർവ്വിക ലായകമാണ്. <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF.%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D._%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="പി.എച്ച്. മൂല്യം">7.0 പി.എച്ച്</a> ഉള്ള വെള്ളത്തിലാണ് ജലീയലായനിയുണ്ടാക്കുന്നത്. ഇവിടെ, ഹൈഡ്രജൻ അയോണുകൾ ( H+) ഹൈഡ്രോക്സൈഡ് അയോണുകൾ ( OH-) എന്നിവ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%82" title="ആസിഡ് ബേസ് സിദ്ധാന്തം">അർഹീനിയസ് ബാലൻസിലാണ്</a> (10−7). ഒരു നോൺ അക്വസ് ലായനിയിൽ ലായകം ഒരു ദ്രാവകമാണെങ്കിലും അത് ജലമല്ല. <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrophobe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hydrophobe (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">ഹൈഡ്രോഫോബിക്</a> ('water-fearing') പദാർത്ഥങ്ങൾ വെള്ളത്തിൽ നന്നായി അലിഞ്ഞുചേരുന്നില്ല, അതേസമയം <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrophile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hydrophile (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">ഹൈഡ്രോഫിലിക്</a> ('water-friendly') ആയവ നന്നായി ലയിക്കുന്നു. <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D" title="സോഡിയം ക്ലോറൈഡ്">സോഡിയം ക്ലോറൈഡ്</a> ഹൈഡ്രോഫിലിക് പദാർത്ഥമാണ്. അർഹീനിയസ് നിർവചനപ്രകാരം ആസിഡുകളും ബേസുകളും ജലീയലായനികളാണ്. </p><p>ഒരു പദാർത്ഥത്തിന്റെ വെള്ളത്തിൽ അലിഞ്ഞുചേരാനുള്ള കഴിവ് നിർണ്ണയിക്കുന്നത് ജല തന്മാത്രകൾ തമ്മിൽ സൃഷ്ടിക്കുന്ന ശക്തമായ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B4%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ഇന്റർമോളികുലാർ ഫോഴ്‌സ് (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">ഇന്റർമോളിക്യുലാർ ഫോഴ്സുമായി</a> ഈ പദാർത്ഥത്തിന് പൊരുത്തപ്പെടാൻ കഴിയുമോ എന്നതാണ്. പദാർത്ഥത്തിന് വെള്ളത്തിൽ അലിഞ്ഞുപോകാനുള്ള കഴിവില്ലെങ്കിൽ, തന്മാത്രകൾ ഒരു <a href="/w/index.php?title=Precipitation_(chemistry)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Precipitation (chemistry) (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">അവക്ഷിപ്തം</a> ഉണ്ടാക്കുന്നു . </p><p>ജലീയ ലായനികളിലെ പ്രതികരണങ്ങൾ സാധാരണയായി മെറ്റാതിസിസ് പ്രതികരണങ്ങളാണ്. ഇരട്ട-സ്ഥാനചലനത്തിന്റെ മറ്റൊരു പദമാണ് മെറ്റാറ്റിസിസ് പ്രതികരണങ്ങൾ; അതായത്, മറ്റ് അയോണുകളുമായി ഒരു അയോണിക് ബോണ്ട് രൂപപ്പെടുന്നതിന് ഒരു കാറ്റേഷൻ സ്ഥാനഭ്രംശം സംഭവിക്കുമ്പോൾ, രണ്ടാമത്തെ അയോണുമായി ബന്ധിപ്പിച്ചിരിക്കുന്ന കാറ്റേഷൻ വിഘടിച്ച് മറ്റ് അയോണുകളുമായി ബന്ധിപ്പിക്കും. </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0" title="വൈദ്യുതധാര">വൈദ്യുത പ്രവാഹം</a> നടത്തുന്ന ജലീയ ലായനിയിൽ ശക്തമായ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D" title="ഇലക്ട്രോലൈറ്റ്">ഇലക്ട്രോലൈറ്റുകൾ</a> അടങ്ങിയിരിക്കുന്നു, അതേസമയം കുറഞ്ഞ വൈദ്യുതധാര മാത്രം അനുവദിക്കുന്നവ ദുർബലമായ ഇലക്ട്രോലൈറ്റുകളാണ്. ശക്തമായ ഇലക്ട്രോലൈറ്റുകൾ വെള്ളത്തിൽ പൂർണ്ണമായും <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82" title="അയൊണീകരണം">അയോണീകരിക്കപ്പെടുന്ന</a> പദാർത്ഥങ്ങളാണ്, അതേസമയം ദുർബലമായ ഇലക്ട്രോലൈറ്റുകൾ വെള്ളത്തിൽ ചെറിയ അളവിൽ മാത്രമേ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82" title="അയൊണീകരണം">അയോണൈസേഷൻ</a> കാണിക്കുന്നുള്ളൂ. </p><p>വെള്ളത്തിൽ ലയിക്കുകയും അവയുടെ തന്മാത്രാ സമഗ്രത നിലനിർത്തുകയും ചെയ്യുന്ന പദാർത്ഥങ്ങളാണ് നോൺഇലക്ട്രോലൈറ്റുകൾ (അവ അയോണുകളായി വേർതിരിയുന്നില്ല). <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0" title="പഞ്ചസാര">പഞ്ചസാര</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF" title="യൂറിയ">യൂറിയ</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB" title="ഗ്ലിസറിൻ">ഗ്ലിസറോൾ</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Methylsulfonylmethane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Methylsulfonylmethane (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">മീഥൈൽസൾഫോണൈൽമെഥേയ്ൻ</a> എന്നിവ ഉദാഹരണമാണ്. </p><p><br /> ഒന്നോ അതിലധികമോ ജലീയ പരിഹാരങ്ങളുടെ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="രാസപ്രവർത്തനം">പ്രതിപ്രവർത്തനം</a> സംബന്ധിച്ച് കണക്കുകൂട്ടലുകൾ നടത്തുമ്പോൾ , പൊതുവെ ജലീയ ലായനികളുടെ <a href="/wiki/Concentration" class="mw-redirect" title="Concentration">സാന്ദ്രത</a> അല്ലെങ്കിൽ <a 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.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chemistry.wustl.edu/~coursedev/Online%20tutorials/Solutions.htm">"Solutions"</a>. <i>Washington University Chemistry Department</i>. Washington University<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Washington+University+Chemistry+Department&rft.atitle=Solutions&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chemistry.wustl.edu%2F~coursedev%2FOnline%2520tutorials%2FSolutions.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fml.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D+%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%BB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r4123591"><cite id="CITEREFZumdahl1997" class="citation book cs1">Zumdahl, Steven S. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chemistry0004zumd"><i>Chemistry</i></a> (4th ed.). 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