Generative AI and the Nature of Work by Manuel Hoffmann, Sam Boysel, Frank Nagle, Sida Peng, Kevin Xu

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <script language="JavaScript"> var beforeload = (new Date()).getTime(); var totalTime = 0; var clientTime = 0; var serverTime = 0; var XmlHttpObj1; function Sign(X) { return X>0 ? "+" : X<0 ? "-" : " " } function CreateXmlHttpObj1() { try {XmlHttpObj1 = new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP");} catch(e) {try{XmlHttpObj1 = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");} catch(oc) {XmlHttpObj1 = null;}} if(!XmlHttpObj1 && typeof XMLHttpRequest != "undefined") {XmlHttpObj1 = new XMLHttpRequest();}} function loadingTime() { //calculate the current time in afterload var afterload = (new Date()).getTime(); //calculate the seconds clientTime = (afterload-beforeload)/1000; serverTime = parseFloat(document.getElementById("serverTime").innerHTML); totalTime = (clientTime + serverTime).toFixed(3); document.getElementById("loadingtime").innerHTML = "and delivered in " + totalTime + " seconds"; } function addLoadEvent(func) { var oldonload = window.onload; if (typeof window.onload != 'function') { window.onload = func; } else { window.onload = function() { if (oldonload) { oldonload(); } func(); } } } </script> <script src="https://cdn.cookielaw.org/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js" type="text/javascript" charset="UTF-8" data-domain-script="7e4c2285-a47e-4087-b7e9-f4f1c24b74e3" ></script> </script>  <script type="text/javascript"> window.OptanonWrapper = function() { var eOT = new Event('OneTrustGroupsUpdated'); document.dispatchEvent(eOT); }  </script> <title>Generative AI and the Nature of Work by Manuel Hoffmann, Sam Boysel, Frank Nagle, Sida Peng, Kevin Xu :: SSRN</title> <meta name="description" content="<span>Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) technology demonstrate considerable potential to complement human capital intensive activities. While an e"> <meta name="keywords" content=" SSRN, Generative AI and the Nature of Work, Manuel Hoffmann, Sam Boysel, Frank Nagle, Sida Peng, Kevin Xu"> <meta name="citation_author" content="Hoffmann, Manuel"> <meta name="citation_author" content="Boysel, Sam"> <meta name="citation_author" content="Nagle, Frank"> <meta name="citation_author" content="Peng, Sida"> <meta name="citation_author" content="Xu, Kevin"> <meta name="citation_title" content="Generative AI and the Nature of Work"> <meta name="citation_online_date" content="2024/11/01"> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2024/10/27"> <meta name="citation_doi" content="10.2139/ssrn.5007084"> <meta name="citation_abstract_html_url" content="https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=5007084"> <meta name="citation_keywords" content="Generative Artificial Intelligence, Digital Work, Open Source Software, Knowledge Economy"> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm?abstractid=5007084"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property=og:image content="https://cdn.ssrn.com/ssrn-global-header/11589acb53bc518aa22929bf19add113.svg" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="630" /> <meta property=og:title content="Generative AI and the Nature of Work" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=5007084" /> <meta name='free_download_available' content='true'><meta name='free_download_available' content='true'><script async src="//assets.adobedtm.com/launch-ENa9ad0bcbf32647c3a04e26991e589550.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript">var pageData = {"visitor":{"userId":"","loginStatus":"anonymous","accessType":"ss:guest"},"page":{"language":"en","environment":"prod","loadTime":"94","name":"paper:abstract-page","type":"RP-AB","businessUnit":"els:rp:ssrn","noTracking":"","loadTimestamp":"1733001618517","productName":"SS"}};</script> </head> <body class="new-layout "> <script language="javascript"> //Language functions function changeLanguage1(language, response){ $.ajax({ url: '/AltLanguage_ajax.cfm?type=changeLanguage&partid=1&strCode=en', cache: false, success: function(data) { // Update values in cookies Set_Cookie('SITEID',language,'-1','/','.ssrn.com',''); Set_Cookie('SITEID',language,'1000','/','.ssrn.com',''); // Finally, perform redirection if (response == 'reload') { window.location.reload(); } else { window.location.href=response; } } }); } function Set_Cookie( name, value, expires, path, domain, secure ) { // set time, its in milliseconds var today = new Date(); today.setTime( today.getTime() ); /* if the expires variable is set, make the correct expires time, the current script below will set it for x number of days, to make it for hours, delete * 24, for minutes, delete * 60 * 24 */ if ( expires ) { expires = expires * 1000 * 60 * 60 * 24; } var expires_date = new Date( today.getTime() + (expires) ); document.cookie = name + "=" +escape( value ) + ( ( expires ) ? ";expires=" + expires_date.toGMTString() : "" ) + ( ( path ) ? ";path=" + path : "" ) + ( ( domain ) ? ";domain=" + domain : "" ) + ( ( secure ) ? ";secure" : "" ); } /* * We use this function when the language should be stripped from an object, like a form RADIO */ function getLanguage ( oObj ) { var specialChars = "!@#$^&%*()+=-[]\/{}|:<>?,."; // Need to clean up code if object came from Mura site. sCode = oObj.value; if (sCode.length > 2) { for (var i = 0; i < specialChars.length; i++) { sCode = sCode.replace(new RegExp("\\" + specialChars[i], 'gi'), ''); } // After cleaning up special chars, we take the first two chars. sCode = sCode.substring(0,2).trim(); } return sCode; } </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://static.ssrn.com/cfincludes/css/custom-bootstrap.min.css?v=429"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://static.ssrn.com/cfincludes/css/custom.min.css?v=429"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://static.ssrn.com/cfincludes/css/global.min.css?v=429"> <link href="https://cdn.ssrn.com/ssrn-global-header/main.css?v=429" rel="stylesheet"> <div class="accesibility-link"> <a id="skip-to-content" title="Skip to content" href="#maincontent">Skip to main content</a> </div> <meta name="part_id" content="1"> <meta name="www_server" content="www.ssrn.com"> <meta name="static_server" content="https://cdn.ssrn.com"> <meta name="hq_server" content="hq.ssrn.com"> <meta name="papers_server" content="papers.ssrn.com"> <meta name="user_name" content="Public User"> <meta name="is_custom" content="false"> <meta name="own_design" content="false"> <meta name="ab_id" content=""> <meta name="on_behalf" content="false"> <meta name="login_user_id" content="">  <header id="global-header" data-id-plus-auth-enabled="false"></header> <script src="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.12.4/jquery.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript">if(typeof jQuery == 'undefined') { document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='https://#strStaticServer#/libraries/JQuery/v1.12.4/jquery.min.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E")); }</script> <script> function sentEmailValidation(lngLoginID, forwardURL){ var parameters = { "lngLoginID" : lngLoginID, "strForwardURL" : forwardURL }; $.ajax({ type: "POST", url: "https://static.ssrn.com/cfc/webServices/loginServices.cfc?method=sentValidationEmailNew", data: parameters, dataType: "jsonp", async: false, success: function(data) { if(data.RESULT == 1){ $("#errorMessageLogin").html(data.MESSAGE); } }, error: function(jqXHR, textStatus, errorThrown) { console.log(textStatus, errorThrown); } }); }; </script> <script> $( document ).ready(function() { // Show translation notice on footer on load var hebrewIsSelected = $('.dropdown-lang option:last-child').is(':selected'), $body = $('body'), $loginBox = $('.loginBox'), $menuMain = $('.menu-main'), $profileMenu = $('.profileMenu'); if (hebrewIsSelected) { toggleTranslationNote(); } $('#global-header .auth-menu > div > a:first-child').on('click', function() { appData.push({ event: 'conversionDriverClick', conversionDriver: { name : 'ssrn-header:register' } }); }); $('#global-header .auth-menu > div > a:last-child').click(function(e) { appData.push({ event: 'conversionDriverClick', conversionDriver: { name : 'ssrn-header:sign-in-or-register' } }); }); $('#global-header a[href$="/rankings/Ranking_display.cfm?TRN_gID=10"]').on('click', function() { appData.push({ event: 'conversionDriverClick', conversionDriver: { name : 'rankings-top-papers' } }); }); $('#global-header a[href$="/submissions/CreateNewAbstract.cfm"]').on('click', function() { appData.push({ event: 'conversionDriverClick', conversionDriver: { name : 'ssrn-header:submit-article' } }); }); $('#btnMenu').on('click', function() { $body.addClass('nav-is-open'); $menuMain.addClass('open'); }); $('.mo-nav-close-btn').on('click', function() { $body.removeClass('nav-is-open'); $(this).closest('.mo-nav').removeClass('open'); }); $('.mo-nav-search-btn').on('click', function() { $menuMain.find('.menu-search').toggleClass('open'); }); $(document).on('click','#profile', function(e){ e.preventDefault(); $body.toggleClass('nav-is-open'); $profileMenu.toggleClass('open'); }); /* Cleaning the email text*/ $('#txtLogin').bind("change keyup input",function() { $(".error_show_login").hide(); $("#txtLogin").removeClass("loginError"); $("#errorMessageLogin").hide(); }); /* Cleaning the password text*/ $('.password-inp').bind("change keyup input",function() { $(".error_show_pass").hide(); $("#txtPasswordLogin").removeClass("loginError"); $("#errorMessageLogin").hide(); }); /*Function for encrypt*/ function encrypt(key1, key2, key3){ var key = btoa(key1 + "|" + key2 + "|" + key3); return key; }; function validateFields (){ var emptyLogin = false; var emptyPass = false; if(document.getElementById("txtLogin") == null || document.getElementById("txtLogin").value == "") { $("#txtLogin").addClass('loginError'); $(".error_show_login").show(); emptyLogin = true; } if(document.getElementById("txtPasswordLogin") == null || document.getElementById("txtPasswordLogin").value == "" ) { $("#txtPasswordLogin").addClass('loginError'); $(".error_show_pass").show(); emptyPass = true; } if(emptyLogin == true || emptyPass == true){ return false; } return true; }; $('.password-inp').keypress(function(event) { if (event.keyCode == 13 || event.which == 13) { event.preventDefault(); login(); } }); $('#txtLogin').keypress(function(event) { if (event.keyCode == 13 || event.which == 13) { event.preventDefault(); login(); } }); $("#signin").click(function() { login(); }); function login(){ if (validateFields() != false) { var pageLoadData; var user = document.getElementById("txtLogin").value; var pass = document.getElementById("txtPasswordLogin").value; var remember = $('.remember-me-check').prop('checked'); var keyUser = encrypt(user, pass, remember); var parameters = { "key" : keyUser }; $.ajax({ type: "POST", url: "https://static.ssrn.com/cfc/webServices/loginServices.cfc?method=signinService", data: parameters, dataType: "jsonp", async: false, success: function(data) { if(data.ILOGINRESULT == 0) { var lngPartLogedIn = data.USER.PART_ID; buildmenu(lngPartLogedIn); $("#name-header div.user-name-overflow").text(data.USER.FULLNAME); $("#name-mo-header").text(data.USER.FULLNAME); $('#profile').show(); $("#btnSignin").hide(); $("#btnRegister").hide(); $loginBox.removeClass('open'); $body.removeClass('nav-is-open'); pageData.visitor.loginSuccess = "true"; pageData.visitor.loginStatus = "logged in"; pageData.visitor.accessType = "ss:registered-user"; pageData.visitor.userId = data.USER.ENCRYPT_PART_ID; pageLoadData = pageData; pageLoadData['event'] = 'pageLoad'; appData.push(pageLoadData); } else { pageData.visitor.loginSuccess = "false"; pageLoadData = pageData; pageLoadData['event'] = 'pageLoad'; appData.push(pageLoadData); $("#errorMessageLogin").html(data.MESSAGETOSHOW); $("#errorMessageLogin").show(); } } }); } else { return false; }; }; function buildmenu(lngPartLogedIn){ $("#personal").attr("href", "https://hq.ssrn.com/Participant.cfm?rectype=edit&partid=" + lngPartLogedIn + "&perinf=y"); $("#affil").attr("href", "https://hq.ssrn.com/Affiliations/AffiliationList.cfm?partid=" + lngPartLogedIn); $("#suscr").attr("href", "https://hq.ssrn.com/Subscriptions.cfm?partId=" + lngPartLogedIn); $("#mypapers").attr("href", "https://hq.ssrn.com/submissions/MyPapers.cfm?partid=" + lngPartLogedIn); }; $(document).click(function(event) { if(!$(event.target).closest('.header-tooltip').length && $(event.target)[0] != $('#btnSignin')[0] && $(event.target)[0] != $('#profile')[0] ) { if($('.header-tooltip').is(":visible") && $('.mo-nav-header').is(":hidden")) { $body.removeClass('nav-is-open'); $('.header-tooltip').removeClass('open'); } } // Makes the submenu links accesible by keyboard $('.has-sub-menu a') .focus(function() { $(this).parents("li").addClass("focus"); }) .blur(function() { $(this).parents("li").removeClass("focus"); }); }); // Show translation notice on change $('.dropdown-lang').on('change', function() { toggleTranslationNote(); }); // Accordion functionality on Footer MO var $collapseBtn = $('h4[data-toggle="collapse"]'), $collapsableContent = $('.collapsable'); $collapseBtn.on('click', function(){ var $this = $(this), $parent = $this.parent(), $thisCollapsable = $parent.find('.collapsable'); $collapsableContent.slideUp('fast'); if ( !$thisCollapsable.is(":visible") ) { $thisCollapsable.slideDown('fast'); } }); // Show translation notice on footer function toggleTranslationNote() { $('.translation-notice').toggle(); } }); //Language function function changeLanguage(lang){ var curretUrl = window.location.href; if(curretUrl.indexOf('&lng') != -1) { var new_url = curretUrl.substring(0, curretUrl.indexOf('&lng')); }else{ var new_url = window.location.href; } window.location.href=new_url+'&lng='+lang; } </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.ssrn.com/ssrn-global-header/app.bundle.js?v=429"></script> <script type="text/javascript" async="async" src="https://static.ssrn.com/js/image-lazy-load.js"></script> <link href="https://cdn.ssrn.com/ssrn-vor-banner-widget/style.bundle.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/> <script src="https://cdn.ssrn.com/ssrn-vor-banner-widget/app.bundle.js" defer="defer"></script> <div id="vor-banner" data-api-url = "https://api.ssrn.com/content/v1/paperstatus/" data-abstract-id="5007084"></div> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.6/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-1q8mTJOASx8j1Au+a5WDVnPi2lkFfwwEAa8hDDdjZlpLegxhjVME1fgjWPGmkzs7" crossorigin="anonymous"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.6.3/css/font-awesome.min.css" crossorigin="anonymous"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://static.ssrn.com/cfincludes/css/custom.min.css?v=429"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://static.ssrn.com/cfincludes/css/abstract.min.css?v=429"> <div id="genericToastr" class="generic-toastr"> <div class="toastr-icon"> <i id="toastrIcon"></i> </div> <div id="toastrMessage" class="toastr-mesage"></div> <div class="toastr-close"> <i class="icon icon-gizmo-delete" onclick="closeToastr()"></i> </div> <div class="toastr-link"><a id="toastrLink" href="#"></a></div> </div> <main> <div class="container abstract-body" id="maincontent"> <div class="row" id="ssrn-paper-rpsbranding-widget" data-bindings-api-url="https://api.ssrn.com/bindings" data-abstract-id="5007084" data-journal-endpoint="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/JelJour_Results.cfm?form_name=journalBrowse&journal_id="></div> <script type="module" src="https://cdn.ssrn.com/ssrn-paper-rpsbranding-widget/app.bundle.js"></script> <style type="text/css"> #ssrn-paper-rpsbranding-widget { padding: 17px 0 16px; } #ssrn-paper-rpsbranding-widget img { margin: 5px; } </style> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-8 abstract-main-col"> <div class="abstract-buttons "> <div class="button-wrapper inline"> <a href="Delivery.cfm/5007084.pdf?abstractid=5007084&mirid=1" class="button-link primary " data-abstract-id='5007084' data-abstract-title='Generative AI and the Nature of Work' onclick='sendLeadBoxerEvent()' > <span><img alt='PDF icon' src='https://static.ssrn.com/cfincludes/img/icons/icon-adobe-pdf.svg' title='PDF icon' />Download This Paper</span> </a> </div> <div class="button-wrapper inline"> <a href="Delivery.cfm/5007084.pdf?abstractid=5007084&mirid=1&type=2" class="button-link secondary " data-abstract-id='5007084' data-abstract-title='Generative AI and the Nature of Work' onclick='sendLeadBoxerEvent()' > <span>Open PDF in Browser</span> </a> </div> <div class="star-container"> <a href="#" aria-label="Add to your Library" aria-pressed="false" role="button"> <i class="icon icon-gizmo-star-outline" data-user-id="1" data-abstract-id="5007084" data-abstract-url="static.ssrn.com" data-abstract-auth="false"></i> <span>Add Paper to My Library</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-4 abstract-side-col"> <div class="share-container"> Share: <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li><a id="socialFacebook" title="Share on Facebook" aria-label="Share on Facebook" role="button" href="#" onclick='openPopup("http://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%2Fsol3%2Fpapers.cfm%3Fabstract_id%3D5007084","Share_Facebook")' ><i class="icon icon-social-facebook" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></li> <li><a id="socialTwitter" title="Share on Twitter" aria-label="Share on Twitter" role="button" href="#" onclick='openPopup("https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Generative AI and the Nature of Work @SSRN&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%2Fsol3%2Fpapers.cfm%3Fabstract_id%3D5007084","Share_Twitter")' ><i class="icon icon-social-twitter" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></li> <li><a id="socialEmail" title="Share by Email" aria-label="Share by Email" role="button" href="#" onClick='openPopup("Email_Friend.cfm?abid=5007084","Email_Friend")'; ><i class="icon icon-gizmo-email" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></li> <li><a id="permalink" title="Get Permalink" aria-label="Get Permalink" role="button" href="#" ><i class="icon icon-gizmo-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></li> </ul> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> function openPopup(url, name) { var newwindow = window.open(url, name || 'window' + Math.floor(Math.random() * 10000 + 1), 'width=600,height=400,menubar=no,location=no,toolbar=no,status=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes'); if (window.focus) { newwindow.focus(); } } function trackEventSocial(platform){ appData.push({ event: 'socialShare', social: { sharePlatform: platform } }); } jQuery('#socialFacebook').click(function(e) { trackEventSocial('Facebook'); }); jQuery('#socialTwitter').click(function(e) { trackEventSocial('Twitter'); }); jQuery('#socialEmail').click(function(e) { trackEventSocial('Email'); }); jQuery('#permalink').click(function(e) { trackEventSocial('Permalink'); }); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var _ll = _ll || []; var trackAbstractView = function(providerId, abstractId, abstractDoi, abstractTitle, publishDate, publishYear) { _ll.push(['trackItemInvestigation', { "aid":"_oa", "aname": "Open Access", "pid": providerId, "plname": "SSRN Platform", "im": { "title": abstractTitle, "dtype": "article", "id": abstractId, "doi": abstractDoi, "yop": publishYear, "pdate": publishDate, } }]); } var abstractID = "5007084"; var abstractDoi = "https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5007084"; var abstractTitle = "Generative AI and the Nature of Work"; var publishDate = "1 Nov 2024"; var publishYear = "2024"; var providerId = "de79db8afafe43c3" trackAbstractView(providerId, abstractID, abstractDoi, abstractTitle, publishDate, publishYear); (function() { var d=document, g=d.createElement('script'), s=d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; g.type='text/javascript'; g.async=true; g.defer=true; g.src='https://connect.liblynx.com/log/js/counter5.min.js'; s.parentNode.insertBefore(g,s); })(); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> function ot_onload() { /* Lead Boxer setup function - called automatically by Lead Pixel lib */ let jsPageLeadBoxerJson = {"NetworkIds":"[885822,267349,813767,305440,2009014,317706,317706,208255,317706]","RpsJournalIds":"[254669,1333435,4798502]","AbstractId":"5007084"} ; if (typeof jsPageLeadBoxerJson !== "undefined") { // Page has data about a specific paper _otmap.put("AbstractId", jsPageLeadBoxerJson.AbstractId); _otmap.put("NetworkIds", jsPageLeadBoxerJson.NetworkIds); _otmap.put("RpsJournalIds", jsPageLeadBoxerJson.RpsJournalIds); ot_log_state(); } } </script> <script type="text/javascript"> function parseLeadBoxerJson(leadBoxerJson) { const lbMap = new OTMap(); let leadBoxerObject = JSON.parse(leadBoxerJson); lbMap.put('AbstractId', leadBoxerObject.AbstractId); lbMap.put('NetworkIds', leadBoxerObject.NetworkIds); lbMap.put('RpsJournalIds', leadBoxerObject.RpsJournalIds); return lbMap; } function sendLeadBoxerEventJson(leadBoxerJson) { let lbMap = parseLeadBoxerJson(leadBoxerJson); OTLogService.sendEvent("pdf-download", lbMap); } function sendLeadBoxerEvent() { OTLogService.sendEvent("pdf-download", _otmap); } </script> <script type="text/javascript" defer="defer" src="https://script.leadboxer.com/?dataset=5a0d335609d04d8eca60f4ef8e0b2117"></script> <div class="permalink-tooltip"> <div class="tooltip-bg"></div> <div class="tooltip-container"> <div class="permalink-title">Permalink</div> <div class="permalink-description">Using these links will ensure access to this page indefinitely</div> <div class="permalink-url"> <input type="text" id="parmalinkURL" readonly class="permalink-input" value="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=5007084"> <a href="#" id="copyURL" title="Copy Permalink URL" class="btn-blue-outline btn-blue-outline-copy">Copy URL</a> </div> <div class="permalink-doi"> <input type="text" id="parmalinkDOI" readonly class="permalink-input" value="https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5007084"> <a href="#" id="copyDOI" title="Copy DOI URL" class="btn-blue-outline btn-blue-outline-copy">Copy DOI</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-8 abstract-main-col"> <div class="box-container box-abstract-main"> <h1>Generative AI and the Nature of Work</h1> <div class="reference-info"> <p><a href='#' onClick='window.open("http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/PIP_Journal.cfm?pip_jrnl=264010", "PIP","toolbar=yes,menubar=yes,scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes,width=500,height=350");' class='btn-link'>Harvard Business School Strategy Unit Working Paper No. 25-021</a></p> <p><a href='#' onClick='window.open("http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/PIP_Journal.cfm?pip_jrnl=1332082", "PIP","toolbar=yes,menubar=yes,scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes,width=500,height=350");' class='btn-link'>Harvard Business Working Paper No. No. 25-021</a></p> </div> <p class="note note-list"> <span>71 Pages</span> <span>Posted: 1 Nov 2024</span> </p> <div class="authors authors-full-width"> <a class='lead-author-profile-link' href=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=6426337 target='_blank' title='View other papers by this author'><span>See all articles by Manuel Hoffmann</span><i class='icon icon-gizmo-navigate-right' aria-hidden='true'></i></a><h2><A HREF=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=6426337 target='_blank' title='View other papers by this author'>Manuel Hoffmann</a></h2><p>Harvard Business School</p><h2><A HREF=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=7149525 target='_blank' title='View other papers by this author'>Sam Boysel</a></h2><p>Harvard Business School</p><h2><A HREF=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=2047070 target='_blank' title='View other papers by this author'>Frank Nagle</a></h2><p>Harvard Business School</p><h2><A HREF=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=6516669 target='_blank' title='View other papers by this author'>Sida Peng</a></h2><p>Microsoft Corporation</p><h2><A HREF=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=7154799 target='_blank' title='View other papers by this author'>Kevin Xu</a></h2><p>GitHub, Inc.</p> </div> <p>Date Written: October 27, 2024</p> <div class="abstract-text"> <h3>Abstract</h3> <p><span>Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) technology demonstrate considerable potential to complement human capital intensive activities. While an emerging literature documents wide-ranging productivity effects of AI, relatively little attention has been paid to how AI might change the nature of work itself. How do individuals, especially those in the knowledge economy, adjust how they work when they start using AI? Using the setting of open source software, we study individual level effects that AI has on task allocation. We exploit a natural experiment arising from the deployment of GitHub Copilot, a generative AI code completion tool for software developers. Leveraging millions of work activities over a two year period, we use a program eligibility threshold to investigate the impact of AI technology on the task allocation of software developers within a quasi-experimental regression discontinuity design. We find that having access to Copilot induces such individuals to shift task allocation towards their core work of coding activities and away from non-core project management activities. We identify two underlying mechanisms driving this shift - an increase in autonomous rather than collaborative work, and an increase in exploration activities rather than exploitation. The main effects are greater for individuals with relatively lower ability. Overall, our estimates point towards a large potential for AI to transform work processes and to potentially flatten organizational hierarchies in the knowledge economy.</span> <P></p> </div> <center> </center> <p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Generative Artificial Intelligence, Digital Work, Open Source Software, Knowledge Economy</p> <div id="ssrn-paper-declarations-widget" data-papers-api-url="https://api.ssrn.com/papers" data-abstract-id="5007084"></div> <script type="module" src="https://cdn.ssrn.com/ssrn-paper-declarations-widget/app.bundle.js"></script> <p><strong>JEL Classification:</strong> H4, O3, J0</p> <p> <strong class="hidden-xs hidden-sm">Suggested Citation:</strong> <a href="#" class="suggested-citation-btn btn-link visible-xs visible-sm">Suggested Citation<i class="icon icon-gizmo-navigate-right"></i></a> </p> <div id="selectable" onclick="selectText('selectable')" class="suggested-citation"> Hoffmann, Manuel and Boysel, Sam and Nagle, Frank and Peng, Sida and Xu, Kevin, Generative AI and the Nature of Work (October 27, 2024). Harvard Business School Strategy Unit Working Paper No. 25-021, Harvard Business Working Paper No. No. 25-021, Available at SSRN: <a href="https://ssrn.com/abstract=5007084" target="_blank">https://ssrn.com/abstract=5007084</a> or <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5007084" class="textlink" target="_blank">http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5007084 </a> </div> <a href="#" class="show-contact-btn btn-link" role="button" aria-label="Show contact information"> <span aria-hidden="true"></span><i class="icon icon-gizmo-navigate-right" aria-hidden="true"></i> </a> <div class="contact-information"> <div class="author"> <h3><a href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=6426337" target='_blank'>Manuel Hoffmann (Contact Author)</a></h3> <div class="block-quote"> <h4>Harvard Business School ( <a href="javascript:void(0)" onClick=" appData.push({ event: 'conversionDriverClick', conversionDriver: { name: 'article-page:email' } }); window.open('GetAuthorEmail.cfm?abid=5007084&pag=papers','Author_Email','toolbar=no,menubar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=no,width=700,height=470')">email</a> )</h4> </div> </div> <div class="author"> <h3><a href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=7149525" target='_blank'>Sam Boysel</a></h3> <div class="block-quote"> <h4>Harvard Business School ( <a href="javascript:void(0)" onClick=" appData.push({ event: 'conversionDriverClick', conversionDriver: { name: 'article-page:email' } }); window.open('GetAuthorEmail.cfm?abid=5007084&pag=papers','Author_Email','toolbar=no,menubar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=no,width=700,height=470')">email</a> )</h4> </div> </div> <div class="author"> <h3><a href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=2047070" target='_blank'>Frank Nagle</a></h3> <div class="block-quote"> <a href="http://www.hbs.edu/Pages/default.aspx" target="_blank"><img class="logo" src="https://papers.ssrn.com/Organizations/OrgBrandings/190075_11390.gif" alt="Harvard Business School"></a> <h4>Harvard Business School ( <a href="javascript:void(0)" onClick=" appData.push({ event: 'conversionDriverClick', conversionDriver: { name: 'article-page:email' } }); window.open('GetAuthorEmail.cfm?abid=5007084&pag=papers','Author_Email','toolbar=no,menubar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=no,width=700,height=470')">email</a> )</h4> <p> <span>Soldiers Field Road<br>Morgan 270C<br>Boston, MA 02163<br>United States<br></span> </p> </div> </div> <div class="author"> <h3><a href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=6516669" target='_blank'>Sida Peng</a></h3> <div class="block-quote"> <h4>Microsoft Corporation ( <a href="javascript:void(0)" onClick=" appData.push({ event: 'conversionDriverClick', conversionDriver: { name: 'article-page:email' } }); window.open('GetAuthorEmail.cfm?abid=5007084&pag=papers','Author_Email','toolbar=no,menubar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=no,width=700,height=470')">email</a> )</h4> </div> </div> <div class="author"> <h3><a href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=7154799" target='_blank'>Kevin Xu</a></h3> <div class="block-quote"> <h4>GitHub, Inc. ( <a href="javascript:void(0)" onClick=" appData.push({ event: 'conversionDriverClick', conversionDriver: { name: 'article-page:email' } }); window.open('GetAuthorEmail.cfm?abid=5007084&pag=papers','Author_Email','toolbar=no,menubar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=no,width=700,height=470')">email</a> )</h4> <p> <span>88 Colin P Kelly Jr St<br>San Francisco, CA 94107<br>United States<br></span> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div id="mendeley-data-widget" data-abstract-id="5007084" data-mendeley-url="https://api.ssrn.com/mendeley/" data-assets="https://cdn.ssrn.com/ssrn-mendeley-data-widget/"></div> <script type="text/javascript" async="async" src="https://cdn.ssrn.com/ssrn-mendeley-data-widget/app.bundle.js"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.ssrn.com/ssrn-mendeley-data-widget/style.bundle.css" type="text/css"/> </div> <div class="abstract-buttons bottom"> <div class="button-wrapper inline"> <a href="Delivery.cfm/5007084.pdf?abstractid=5007084&mirid=1" class="button-link primary " data-abstract-id='5007084' data-abstract-title='Generative AI and the Nature of Work' onclick='sendLeadBoxerEvent()' > <span><img alt='PDF icon' src='https://static.ssrn.com/cfincludes/img/icons/icon-adobe-pdf.svg' title='PDF icon' />Download This Paper</span> </a> </div> <div class="button-wrapper inline"> <a href="Delivery.cfm/5007084.pdf?abstractid=5007084&mirid=1&type=2" class="button-link secondary " data-abstract-id='5007084' data-abstract-title='Generative AI and the Nature of Work' onclick='sendLeadBoxerEvent()' > <span>Open PDF in Browser</span> </a> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.ssrn.com/ssrn-paper-references-widget/bundle.css" type="text/css"/> <script type="text/javascript" async="async" src="https://cdn.ssrn.com/ssrn-paper-references-widget/bundle.js"></script> <div id="paper-references-widget" data-paper-id="5007084" data-user-id="1" data-references-api-url="https://static.ssrn.com/cfc/abstract/abstract.cfc?method=getReferences"></div> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.ssrn.com/ssrn-paper-citations-widget/bundle.css" type="text/css"/> <script type="text/javascript" async="async" src="https://cdn.ssrn.com/ssrn-paper-citations-widget/bundle.js"></script> <div id="paper-citations-widget" data-paper-id="5007084" data-user-id="1" data-citations-api-url="https://static.ssrn.com/cfc/abstract/abstract.cfc?method=getCitedbys"></div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-4 abstract-side-col no-padding"> <div class="row"> <div class="box-container box-registration-call-out"> <h2 class="section-title">Do you have a job opening that you would like to promote on SSRN?</h2> <div class="stats row"> <div class="button-wrapper inline"> <a href="https://www.ssrn.com/index.cfm/en/Announcements-Jobs/" class="button-link primary " > <span>Place Job Opening</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="box-paper-statics"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12"> <h2>Paper statistics</h2> </div> </div> <div class="stats row"> <div class="stat col-lg-4"> <div class="lbl">Downloads</div> <div class="number" title=""> 3,094</div> </div> <div class="stat col-lg-4"> <div class="lbl">Abstract Views</div> <div class="number" title=""> 9,102</div> </div> <div class="stat col-lg-4"> <div title="SSRN compiles rankings of Papers in our system based on a number of measures, such as downloads and citations. To be ranked, a paper must be a publicly available scholarly full-text paper on SSRN. Privately available papers are not considered in these rankings." class="lbl">Rank</div> <div class="number" title=""> 8,210</div> </div> </div> <div class="references-citations"> <a href="#paper-references-widget" title="Jump to the references for this paper."> <span> 67</span> References</a> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="stat plumx col-lg-6"> <div class="lbl">PlumX Metrics</div> <div class="hidden-xs"> <a href="https://plu.mx/ssrn/a/?ssrn_id=5007084" class="plumx-plum-print-popup" data-popup="left" data-hide-when-empty="false" data-site="ssrn" data-hide-usage="false" data-badge="false"></a> </div> <div class="visible-xs"> <a href="https://plu.mx/ssrn/a/?ssrn_id=5007084" class="plumx-plum-print-popup" data-popup="right" data-hide-when-empty="false" data-site="ssrn" data-hide-usage="false" data-badge="false"></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="box-container box-related-journals"> <h2 class="section-title">Related eJournals</h2> <ul class="quick-links"> <li class="related-journal"> <p><a href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/JELJOUR_Results.cfm?form_name=journalBrowse&journal_id=254669">Harvard Business School: Strategy Unit Working Paper Series</a></p> <div class="rj-btn-container"> <div class="button-wrapper inline"> <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="button-link primary " onclick=trackEventsArticle('https://hq.ssrn.com/jourInvite.cfm?jourid=CMBO_254669&abid=5007084','related-journal'); > <span>Follow</span> </a> </div> <i class="icon icon-gizmo-information" aria-hidden="true"></i> <div class="related-journals-tooltip"> <div class="tooltip-bg"></div> <i class="icon icon-gizmo-delete" aria-label="Close Tooltip" role="button"></i> <div class="tooltip-container"> <h4 class="rj-title">Harvard Business School: Strategy Unit Working Paper Series</h4> <p class="rj-description"> Subscribe to this free journal for more curated articles on this topic </p> <div class="rj-statistics"> <div class="rj-followers"> <div class="rjs-title">FOLLOWERS</div> <div class="rjs-description"> 7,057</div> </div> <div class="rj-papers"> <div class="rjs-title">PAPERS</div> <div class="rjs-description"> 252</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="related-journal"> <p><a href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/JELJOUR_Results.cfm?form_name=journalBrowse&journal_id=1475417">Economics of Networks eJournal</a></p> <div class="rj-btn-container"> <div class="button-wrapper inline"> <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="button-link primary " onclick=trackEventsArticle('https://hq.ssrn.com/jourInvite.cfm?jourid=CMBO_1475417&abid=5007084','related-journal'); > <span>Follow</span> </a> </div> <i class="icon icon-gizmo-information" aria-hidden="true"></i> <div class="related-journals-tooltip"> <div class="tooltip-bg"></div> <i class="icon icon-gizmo-delete" aria-label="Close Tooltip" role="button"></i> <div class="tooltip-container"> <h4 class="rj-title">Economics of Networks eJournal</h4> <p class="rj-description"> Subscribe to this free journal for more curated articles on this topic </p> <div class="rj-statistics"> <div class="rj-followers"> <div class="rjs-title">FOLLOWERS</div> <div class="rjs-description"> 2,707</div> </div> <div class="rj-papers"> <div class="rjs-title">PAPERS</div> <div class="rjs-description"> 15,093</div> </div> </div> <div class="rj-information"> <div>This Journal is curated by:</div> <div><b>Nicholas Economides</b> at New York University - Leonard N. Stern School of Business - Department of Economics </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <div class="more quick-links"> <li class="related-journal"> <p><a href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/JELJOUR_Results.cfm?form_name=journalBrowse&journal_id=870521">Entrepreneurship & Economics eJournal</a></p> <div class="rj-btn-container"> <div class="button-wrapper inline"> <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="button-link primary " onclick=trackEventsArticle('https://hq.ssrn.com/jourInvite.cfm?jourid=CMBO_870521&abid=5007084','related-journal'); > <span>Follow</span> </a> </div> <i class="icon icon-gizmo-information" aria-hidden="true"></i> <div class="related-journals-tooltip"> <div class="tooltip-bg"></div> <i class="icon icon-gizmo-delete" aria-label="Close Tooltip" role="button"></i> <div class="tooltip-container"> <h4 class="rj-title">Entrepreneurship & Economics eJournal</h4> <p class="rj-description"> Subscribe to this fee journal for more curated articles on this topic </p> <div class="rj-statistics"> <div class="rj-followers"> <div class="rjs-title">FOLLOWERS</div> <div class="rjs-description"> 1,288</div> </div> <div class="rj-papers"> <div class="rjs-title">PAPERS</div> <div class="rjs-description"> 12,398</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="related-journal"> <p><a href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/JELJOUR_Results.cfm?form_name=journalBrowse&journal_id=1480991">Labor: Human Capital eJournal</a></p> <div class="rj-btn-container"> <div class="button-wrapper inline"> <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="button-link primary " onclick=trackEventsArticle('https://hq.ssrn.com/jourInvite.cfm?jourid=CMBO_1480991&abid=5007084','related-journal'); > <span>Follow</span> </a> </div> <i class="icon icon-gizmo-information" aria-hidden="true"></i> <div class="related-journals-tooltip"> <div class="tooltip-bg"></div> <i class="icon icon-gizmo-delete" aria-label="Close Tooltip" role="button"></i> <div class="tooltip-container"> <h4 class="rj-title">Labor: Human Capital eJournal</h4> <p class="rj-description"> Subscribe to this fee journal for more curated articles on this topic </p> <div class="rj-statistics"> <div class="rj-followers"> <div class="rjs-title">FOLLOWERS</div> <div class="rjs-description"> 842</div> </div> <div class="rj-papers"> <div class="rjs-title">PAPERS</div> <div class="rjs-description"> 20,155</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="related-journal"> <p><a href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/JELJOUR_Results.cfm?form_name=journalBrowse&journal_id=2009016">Economics of Innovation eJournal</a></p> <div class="rj-btn-container"> <div class="button-wrapper inline"> <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="button-link primary " onclick=trackEventsArticle('https://hq.ssrn.com/jourInvite.cfm?jourid=CMBO_2009016&abid=5007084','related-journal'); > <span>Follow</span> </a> </div> <i class="icon icon-gizmo-information" aria-hidden="true"></i> <div class="related-journals-tooltip"> <div class="tooltip-bg"></div> <i class="icon icon-gizmo-delete" aria-label="Close Tooltip" role="button"></i> <div class="tooltip-container"> <h4 class="rj-title">Economics of Innovation eJournal</h4> <p class="rj-description"> Subscribe to this fee journal for more curated articles on this topic </p> <div class="rj-statistics"> <div class="rj-followers"> <div class="rjs-title">FOLLOWERS</div> <div class="rjs-description"> 337</div> </div> <div class="rj-papers"> <div class="rjs-title">PAPERS</div> <div class="rjs-description"> 21,200</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="related-journal"> <p><a href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/JELJOUR_Results.cfm?form_name=journalBrowse&journal_id=1475407">Information Systems & Economics eJournal</a></p> <div class="rj-btn-container"> <div class="button-wrapper inline"> <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="button-link primary " onclick=trackEventsArticle('https://hq.ssrn.com/jourInvite.cfm?jourid=CMBO_1475407&abid=5007084','related-journal'); > <span>Follow</span> </a> </div> <i class="icon icon-gizmo-information" aria-hidden="true"></i> <div class="related-journals-tooltip"> <div class="tooltip-bg"></div> <i class="icon icon-gizmo-delete" aria-label="Close Tooltip" role="button"></i> <div class="tooltip-container"> <h4 class="rj-title">Information Systems & Economics eJournal</h4> <p class="rj-description"> Subscribe to this fee journal for more curated articles on this topic </p> <div class="rj-statistics"> <div class="rj-followers"> <div class="rjs-title">FOLLOWERS</div> <div class="rjs-description"> 223</div> </div> <div class="rj-papers"> <div class="rjs-title">PAPERS</div> <div class="rjs-description"> 15,047</div> </div> </div> <div class="rj-information"> <div>This Journal is curated by:</div> <div><b>Erik Brynjolfsson</b> at National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="related-journal"> <p><a href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/JELJOUR_Results.cfm?form_name=journalBrowse&journal_id=1475394">Information Technology & Systems eJournal</a></p> <div class="rj-btn-container"> <div class="button-wrapper inline"> <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="button-link primary " onclick=trackEventsArticle('https://hq.ssrn.com/jourInvite.cfm?jourid=CMBO_1475394&abid=5007084','related-journal'); > <span>Follow</span> </a> </div> <i class="icon icon-gizmo-information" aria-hidden="true"></i> <div class="related-journals-tooltip"> <div class="tooltip-bg"></div> <i class="icon icon-gizmo-delete" aria-label="Close Tooltip" role="button"></i> <div class="tooltip-container"> <h4 class="rj-title">Information Technology & Systems eJournal</h4> <p class="rj-description"> Subscribe to this fee journal for more curated articles on this topic </p> <div class="rj-statistics"> <div class="rj-followers"> <div class="rjs-title">FOLLOWERS</div> <div class="rjs-description"> 213</div> </div> <div class="rj-papers"> <div class="rjs-title">PAPERS</div> <div class="rjs-description"> 4,066</div> </div> </div> <div class="rj-information"> <div>This Journal is curated by:</div> <div><b>Carson Woo</b> at University of British Columbia (UBC) - Sauder School of Business</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="related-journal"> <p><a href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/JELJOUR_Results.cfm?form_name=journalBrowse&journal_id=4798502">Harvard Business School Research Papers</a></p> <div class="rj-btn-container"> <div class="button-wrapper inline"> <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="button-link primary " onclick=trackEventsArticle('https://hq.ssrn.com/jourInvite.cfm?jourid=CMBO_4798502&abid=5007084','related-journal'); > <span>Follow</span> </a> </div> <i class="icon icon-gizmo-information" aria-hidden="true"></i> <div class="related-journals-tooltip"> <div class="tooltip-bg"></div> <i class="icon icon-gizmo-delete" aria-label="Close Tooltip" role="button"></i> <div class="tooltip-container"> <h4 class="rj-title">Harvard Business School Research Papers</h4> <p class="rj-description"> Subscribe to this free journal for more curated articles on this topic </p> <div class="rj-statistics"> <div class="rj-followers"> <div class="rjs-title">FOLLOWERS</div> <div class="rjs-description"> 22</div> </div> <div class="rj-papers"> <div class="rjs-title">PAPERS</div> <div class="rjs-description"> 2,769</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="related-journal"> <p><a href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/JELJOUR_Results.cfm?form_name=journalBrowse&journal_id=4621663">Frontiers in Information Systems Research & Applications eJournal</a></p> <div class="rj-btn-container"> <div class="button-wrapper inline"> <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="button-link primary " onclick=trackEventsArticle('https://hq.ssrn.com/jourInvite.cfm?jourid=CMBO_4621663&abid=5007084','related-journal'); > <span>Follow</span> </a> </div> <i class="icon icon-gizmo-information" aria-hidden="true"></i> <div class="related-journals-tooltip"> <div class="tooltip-bg"></div> <i class="icon icon-gizmo-delete" aria-label="Close Tooltip" role="button"></i> <div class="tooltip-container"> <h4 class="rj-title">Frontiers in Information Systems Research & Applications eJournal</h4> <p class="rj-description"> Subscribe to this fee journal for more curated articles on this topic </p> <div class="rj-statistics"> <div class="rj-followers"> <div class="rjs-title">FOLLOWERS</div> <div class="rjs-description"> 10</div> </div> <div class="rj-papers"> <div class="rjs-title">PAPERS</div> <div class="rjs-description"> 1,183</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> </div> </ul> <a href="#" class="view-more" aria-label="View more" role="button"> <i class="icon icon-gizmo-navigate-right" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> </div> <div class="row"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="feedback-tab-container"> <div class="feedback-tab" role="button" tabindex="0"> <span>Feedback</span> <i class="icon icon-gizmo-comment" aria-hidden="true"></i> </div> </div> <div id="feedbackModule" class="modal-wrapper"> <div class="modal-custom feedback"> <i class="icon-gizmo-delete modal-close" aria-label="Close modal" title="Close modal" role="button" tabindex="0"></i> <div class="feedback-title">Feedback to SSRN</div> <form name="formSuggestions" role="suggestions"> <div class="feedback-description"> <label for="txtFeedback"> <span class="feedback-label">Feedback</span> <span class="feedback-required"> (required)</span> </label> <textarea id="txtFeedback" name="txtFeedback" maxlength="1000" placeholder="(1,000 Characters Max)" required></textarea> </div> <div class="feedback-email"> <label for="txtEmail"> <span class="feedback-label">Email</span> <span class="feedback-required"> (required)</span> </label> <input type="email" id="txtEmail" name="txtEmail" value="" required> </div> <button class="btn-orange btn-add-to-cart feedback-submit"> Submit <i class="icon-gizmo-navigate-right" aria-hidden="true"></i> </button> </form> <div class="modal-divider"></div> <div class="feedback-information">If you need immediate assistance, call 877-SSRNHelp (877 777 6435) in the United States, or +1 212 448 2500 outside of the United States, 8:30AM to 6:00PM U.S. Eastern, Monday - Friday.</div> </div> </div> <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript"> var strServer = "papers.ssrn.com"; var strSugPageName = "/papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm"; var strIP = "8.222.208.146"; var strFullUrl = "papers%2Essrn%2Ecom%2Fpapers%2Essrn%2Ecom%2Fsol3%2Fpapers%2Ecfm%3Fabstract%5Fid%3D5007084"; var sEmail = ""; </script> </div> </main> <footer> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.6.3/css/font-awesome.min.css">  <nav aria-label="footer-navigation" class="footer-integration footer-redesigned "> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="footer-col"> <div class="button-wrapper inline"> <a href="https://hq.ssrn.com/submission.cfm" class="button-link secondary submit-paper-btn" > <span>Submit a Paper</span> <i class="icon icon-gizmo-navigate-right"></i> </a> </div> <a class="section-508-link" href="https://www.ssrn.com/index.cfm/en/section-508/" title="Section 508 Text Only Pages">Section 508 Text Only Pages</a> </div> <div class="footer-col"> <h4 data-toggle="collapse">SSRN Quick Links <i class="icon-gizmo-navigate-down" aria-hidden="true"></i></h4> <ul class="footer-links collapsable"> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.elsevier.com/solutions/ssrn" title="SSRN Solutions">SSRN Solutions</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ssrn.com/index.cfm/en/rps/" title="Research Paper Series">Research Paper Series</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ssrn.com/index.cfm/en/conferences/" title="Conference Papers">Conference Papers</a></li> <li><a href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/DisplayPipPublishers.cfm" title="Partners in Publishing">Partners in Publishing</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ssrn.com/index.cfm/en/Announcements-Jobs/" title="Jobs & Announcements">Jobs & Announcements</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ssrn.com/index.cfm/en/special-topic-hubs/" title="Jobs & Announcements">Special Topic Hubs</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="footer-col"> <h4 data-toggle="collapse">SSRN Rankings <i class="icon-gizmo-navigate-down" aria-hidden="true"></i></h4> <ul class="footer-links collapsable"> <li><a href="https://hq.ssrn.com/rankings/Ranking_display.cfm?TRN_gID=10" title="Top Papers">Top Papers</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ssrn.com/index.cfm/en/top-authors/" title="Top Authors">Top Authors</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ssrn.com/index.cfm/en/top-organizations/" title="Top Organizations">Top Organizations</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="footer-col"> <h4 data-toggle="collapse">About SSRN <i class="icon-gizmo-navigate-down" aria-hidden="true"></i></h4> <ul class="footer-links collapsable"> <li><a href="https://www.ssrn.com/index.cfm/en/network-directors/" title="Network Directors">Network Directors</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ssrn.com/index.cfm/en/recent-announcements/" title="Announcements">Announcements</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ssrn.com/index.cfm/en/contactus/" title="Contact us">Contact us</a></li> <li><a href="https://service.elsevier.com/app/home/supporthub/ssrn/" title="FAQs">FAQs</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <ul class="footer-social-links"> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.facebook.com/SSRNcommunity/" title="SSRN on Facebook" aria-label="Facebook" role="link"><i class="icon icon-social-facebook" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/493409?trk=tyah&trkInfo=clickedVertical%3Acompany%2CentityType%3AentityHistoryName%2CclickedEntityId%3Acompany_493409%2Cidx%3A0" title="SSRN on Linkedin" aria-label="Linkedin" role="link"><i class="icon icon-social-linkedin" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://twitter.com/SSRN" title="SSRN on Twitter" aria-label="Twitter" role="link"><i class="icon icon-social-twitter" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></li> </ul> <div class="footer-elsevier"> <div class="footer-left"> <a class="logo-elsevier" target="_blank" href="http://www.elsevier.com/" title="Elsevier"></a> </div> <div class="footer-left"> <div class="footer-links"> <a href="https://www.ssrn.com/index.cfm/en/dmca-notice-policy/" title="Copyright">Copyright</a> <a href="https://www.ssrn.com/index.cfm/en/terms-of-use/" title="Terms and Conditions">Terms and Conditions</a> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.elsevier.com/legal/privacy-policy" title="Privacy Policy">Privacy Policy</a> </div> <div class="footer-text"> <p style="padding-bottom: 0.8em">All content on this site: Copyright 漏 2024 Elsevier Inc., its licensors, and contributors. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies. For all open access content, the Creative Commons licensing terms apply.</p> <p>We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content.</p> <p>To learn more, visit <button id="ot-sdk-btn" class="ot-sdk-show-settings">Cookie Settings</button>. <span class="icon-gizmo-lightning alwaysshowme"> <span class="tooltip top" role="tooltip"> <span class="tooltip-arrow"></span> <span class="tooltip-inner">This page was processed by aws-apollo-l100 in <span id="serverTime"> 0.094</span> seconds <span id="loadingtime"></span></span> </span> </span> </p> </div> </div> <div class="footer-right"> <a class="logo-relx" target="_blank" href="http://www.relx.com/" title="RELX"></a> </div> </div> </div> </nav>  <script type="text/javascript"> var d = new Date("{ts '2024-11-01 22:50:55'}"); var seconds = Math.floor(d.getTime() / 1000); var abstractObj = { format : 'MIME-HTML', id : "5007084", onlineDate : "" + seconds + "", title : "Generative AI and the Nature of Work", type : 'XOCS-JOURNAL:SCOPE-ABSTRACT:PREPRINT' } var arrAbstract=[]; arrAbstract.push(abstractObj); pageData["content"] = arrAbstract; pageData["researchNetworks"] = ["HW2","V0F","V43","zwj","6XT","7Tt","6Z4","GfB","nGJ"]; </script> <script> window.appData = window.appData || []; var pageLoadData = pageData; pageLoadData['event'] = 'pageLoad'; appData.push(pageLoadData); </script> <script type="text/javascript" language="JavaScript"> var participantId="";; var ssrnEnv="production";; var userName="";; var isAuthor="";; var emailAddress="";; var firstName="";; var lastName="";; var remoteIpAddr="8.222.208.146";; var cfSessionId="SSRN_b536af06-9a46-4808-b679-a3aed0907998_0";; var pendoAAUserId = pageData.visitor.userId; var pendoAAVisitorId ; if (typeof window.pageDataTracker !== 'undefined') { pendoAAVisitorId = window.pageDataTracker.getVisitorId(); } </script> <script type="text/javascript" language="JavaScript"> (function(apiKey){ (function(p,e,n,d,o){var v,w,x,y,z;o=p[d]=p[d]||{};o._q=o._q||[]; v=['initialize','identify','updateOptions','pageLoad','track'];for(w=0,x=v.length;w<x;++w)(function(m){ o[m]=o[m]||function(){o._q[m===v[0]?'unshift':'push']([m].concat([].slice.call(arguments,0)));};})(v[w]); y=e.createElement(n);y.async=!0;y.src='https://cdn.pendo.io/agent/static/'+apiKey+'/pendo.js'; z=e.getElementsByTagName(n)[0];z.parentNode.insertBefore(y,z);})(window,document,'script','pendo'); // Call this whenever information about your visitors becomes available // Please use Strings, Numbers, or Bools for value types. pendo.initialize({ visitor: { id: participantId, // Required if user is logged in email: emailAddress, // full_name: // Recommended if using Pendo Feedback // role: // Optional // You can add any additional visitor level key-values here, // as long as it's not one of the above reserved names. env: ssrnEnv, userName: userName, isAuthor: isAuthor, emailAddress: emailAddress, firstName: firstName, lastName: lastName, remoteIpAddress: remoteIpAddr, AAUserId: pendoAAUserId, AAVisitorId: pendoAAVisitorId, CFSessionId: cfSessionId, }, account: { id: 'ACCOUNT-UNIQUE-ID' // Highly recommended // name: // Optional // is_paying: // Recommended if using Pendo Feedback // monthly_value:// Recommended if using Pendo Feedback // planLevel: // Optional // planPrice: // Optional // creationDate: // Optional // You can add any additional account level key-values here, // as long as it's not one of the above reserved names. } }); })('16bd5dd1-e029-4c34-7a4c-3482b1250970'); </script> <a href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/updateInformationLog.cfm?process=true"><img src="header/pixel.gif" border="0" alt=" " aria-hidden="true" width="1" height="1"></a> <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.12.4/jquery.min.js?v=429"></script> <script src="https://static.ssrn.com/cfincludes/generic-toastr/generic-toastr.js?v=429"></script> <script src="https://static.ssrn.com/cfincludes/copy2clipboard/copy2clipboard.js?v=429"></script> <script src="https://static.ssrn.com/cfincludes/feedback-module/feedback-module.js?v=429"></script> <script src="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Scripts/versions-groups.js?v=429"></script> <script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/js/bootstrap.min.js?v=429" integrity="sha384-Tc5IQib027qvyjSMfHjOMaLkfuWVxZxUPnCJA7l2mCWNIpG9mGCD8wGNIcPD7Txa" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script src="Scripts/papers.js?v=429" type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//cdn.plu.mx/widget-popup.js?v=429"></script> <script id='cf-program-p68qz5' src='https://digitalfeedback.us.confirmit.com/api/digitalfeedback/loader?programKey=p68qz5' async></script> </footer> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Generative AI and the Nature of Work by Manuel Hoffmann, Sam Boysel, Frank Nagle, Sida Peng, Kevin Xu :: SSRN