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Case Digests | Wisconsin Law Journal - WI Legal News & Resources - Part 4
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desktop-show"> An inmate at Green Bay Correctional Institution who practices Islam sued under the Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act (RLUIPA) against the Wisconsin Department of Corrections (WDOC). </p> </div> </div> <div class='article-listing'> <div class='content-section'> <span>Jan 27, 2025</span> <h2><a href="https://wislawjournal.com/2025/01/27/eighth-amendment-constructive-notice/">Eighth Amendment-Constructive Notice</a></h2> <p class="article-content desktop-show"> Johnson, an inmate in Indiana, filed a pro se lawsuit under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, claiming he received inadequate dental and mental health care while in prison. </p> </div> </div> <div class='article-listing'> <div class='content-section'> <span>Jan 20, 2025</span> <h2><a href="https://wislawjournal.com/2025/01/20/interpretation-of-wis-stat-%c2%a7-48-421m/">Interpretation of WIS. STAT. § 48.42(1m):</a></h2> <p class="article-content desktop-show"> S. B. S. B. In this case, S. B. appealed the termination of her parental rights to her daughter, Polly. </p> </div> </div> <div class='article-listing'> <div class='content-section'> <span>Jan 20, 2025</span> <h2><a href="https://wislawjournal.com/2025/01/20/sexual-harassment-and-retaliation-amendment-of-pleadings/">Sexual Harassment and Retaliation-Amendment of Pleadings</a></h2> <p class="article-content desktop-show"> MacKay appealed a circuit court order granting in part a motion to compel arbitration in her dispute with Disrupt Idea Company, LLC, and its owners. </p> </div> </div> <div id="dfp-ad-widget-8" class="widget dfp-ad-widget-class"><!-- Leaderboard_ad_for_middle_of _the_page_728x90_b --> <div id="div-gpt-ad-leaderboard_ad_for_middle_of _the_page_728x90_b" class="div-gpt-ad-leaderboard_ad_for_middle_of _the_page_728x90_b Leaderboard_ad_for_middle_of _the_page_728x90_b dfp_ad_pos"> <script type='text/javascript'> googletag.cmd.push(function () { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-leaderboard_ad_for_middle_of _the_page_728x90_b'); googletag.pubads().collapseEmptyDivs(true); }); </script> </div> </div> <div class='article-listing'> <div class='content-section'> <span>Jan 20, 2025</span> <h2><a href="https://wislawjournal.com/2025/01/20/relevance-of-evidence-right-to-present-a-defense/">Relevance of Evidence-Right to Present a Defense</a></h2> <p class="article-content desktop-show"> Lauseng appealed his conviction for second-degree sexual assault of a child and distribution of THC to a minor. </p> </div> </div> <div class='article-listing'> <div class='content-section'> <span>Jan 20, 2025</span> <h2><a href="https://wislawjournal.com/2025/01/20/ineffectiveness-of-counsel-plea-validity/">Ineffectiveness of Counsel-Plea Validity</a></h2> <p class="article-content desktop-show"> Estrada-Rosales appealed his conviction and the denial of his postconviction motion to withdraw his Alford plea for first-degree sexual assault of a child. </p> </div> </div> <div class='article-listing'> <div class='content-section'> <span>Jan 20, 2025</span> <h2><a href="https://wislawjournal.com/2025/01/20/breach-of-contract-mediation-clauses/">Breach of Contract-Mediation Clauses</a></h2> <p class="article-content desktop-show"> Technical Security Integration, Inc. ("Technical Security") and EPI Technologies, Inc. ("EPI") entered into an agreement under which EPI agreed to sell Technical Security's products in exchange for commissions. </p> </div> </div> <div class='article-listing'> <div class='content-section'> <span>Jan 20, 2025</span> <h2><a href="https://wislawjournal.com/2025/01/20/tax-fraud-civil-penalties/">Tax Fraud-Civil Penalties</a></h2> <p class="article-content desktop-show"> Bachner submitted fraudulent tax returns over three years, exaggerating his income and tax withholdings to claim undeserved refunds. </p> </div> </div> <div id="dfp-ad-widget-9" class="widget dfp-ad-widget-class"><!-- Leaderboard_ad_for_middle_of _the_page_728x90_c --> <div id="div-gpt-ad-leaderboard_ad_for_middle_of _the_page_728x90_c" class="div-gpt-ad-leaderboard_ad_for_middle_of _the_page_728x90_c Leaderboard_ad_for_middle_of _the_page_728x90_c dfp_ad_pos"> <script type='text/javascript'> googletag.cmd.push(function () { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-leaderboard_ad_for_middle_of _the_page_728x90_c'); googletag.pubads().collapseEmptyDivs(true); }); </script> </div> </div> <div class='article-listing'> <div class='content-section'> <span>Jan 20, 2025</span> <h2><a href="https://wislawjournal.com/2025/01/20/breach-of-contract-coverage-exclusions/">Breach of Contract-Coverage Exclusions</a></h2> <p class="article-content desktop-show"> Bellin Memorial Hospital contracted with Kinsey & Kinsey, Inc. to upgrade its computer software. </p> </div> </div> <div class='article-listing'> <div class='content-section'> <span>Jan 20, 2025</span> <h2><a href="https://wislawjournal.com/2025/01/20/eighth-amendment-deliberate-indifference-2/">Eighth Amendment-Deliberate Indifference</a></h2> <p class="article-content desktop-show"> Lewis, an inmate at Hill Correctional Center, filed a lawsuit against several medical staff, alleging they were deliberately indifferent to his medical needs, in violation of the Eighth Amendment. </p> </div> </div> <div class='article-listing'> <div class='content-section'> <span>Jan 20, 2025</span> <h2><a href="https://wislawjournal.com/2025/01/20/denial-of-benefits-medical-necessity/">Denial of Benefits-Medical Necessity</a></h2> <p class="article-content desktop-show"> Gifford, a beneficiary of the Operating Engineers 139 Health Benefit Fund, requested reimbursement for out-of-network medical expenses incurred during his treatment for a stroke and subsequent brain aneurysm surgery. </p> </div> </div> <div class='article-listing'> <div class='content-section'> <span>Jan 20, 2025</span> <h2><a href="https://wislawjournal.com/2025/01/20/fair-labor-standards-act-h2a-visa-program/">Fair Labor Standards Act-H2A Visa Program</a></h2> <p class="article-content desktop-show"> Vanegas, a guestworker employed by Signet Builders, Inc., claimed Signet overworked and underpaid him in violation of the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA). 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