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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>로그인</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 로그아웃한 편집자를 위한 문서 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EC%9B%80%EB%A7%90:%EC%86%8C%EA%B0%9C" aria-label="편집에 관해 더 알아보기"><span>더 알아보기</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EA%B8%B0%EC%97%AC" title="이 IP 주소의 편집 목록 [y]" accesskey="y"><span>기여</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%EC%9E%90%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0" title="현재 사용하는 IP 주소에 대한 토론 문서 [n]" accesskey="n"><span>토론</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">사이드바로 이동</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">숨기기</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">처음 위치</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-정의" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#정의"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>정의</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-정의-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-같이_보기" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#같이_보기"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>같이 보기</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-같이_보기-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-각주" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#각주"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>각주</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-각주-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="목차" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="목차 토글" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">목차 토글</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">열역학 퍼텐셜</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="다른 언어로 문서를 방문합니다. 32개 언어로 읽을 수 있습니다" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32개 언어</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A_%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="كمون دينامي حراري – 아랍어" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كمون دينامي حراري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="아랍어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termodinamik_potensial" title="Termodinamik potensial – 아제르바이잔어" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Termodinamik potensial" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="아제르바이잔어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Тэрмадынамічныя патэнцыялы – 벨라루스어" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Тэрмадынамічныя патэнцыялы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="벨라루스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potencial_termodin%C3%A0mic" title="Potencial termodinàmic – 카탈로니아어" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Potencial termodinàmic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="카탈로니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termodynamick%C3%BD_potenci%C3%A1l" title="Termodynamický potenciál – 체코어" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Termodynamický potenciál" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="체코어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termodynamisk_potential" title="Termodynamisk potential – 덴마크어" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Termodynamisk potential" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="덴마크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamisches_Potential" title="Thermodynamisches Potential – 독일어" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Thermodynamisches Potential" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="독일어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamic_potential" title="Thermodynamic potential – 영어" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Thermodynamic potential" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="영어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potencial_termodin%C3%A1mico" title="Potencial termodinámico – 스페인어" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Potencial termodinámico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="스페인어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termod%C3%BCnaamiline_potentsiaal" title="Termodünaamiline potentsiaal – 에스토니아어" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Termodünaamiline potentsiaal" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="에스토니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%84_%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="پتانسیل ترمودینامیکی – 페르시아어" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پتانسیل ترمودینامیکی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="페르시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potentiel_thermodynamique" title="Potentiel thermodynamique – 프랑스어" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Potentiel thermodynamique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="프랑스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D" title="פוטנציאלים תרמודינמיים – 히브리어" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פוטנציאלים תרמודינמיים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="히브리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%B8%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%BA%D5%B8%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%B6%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%AC" title="Թերմոդինամիկական պոտենցիալ – 아르메니아어" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թերմոդինամիկական պոտենցիալ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="아르메니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potensial_termodinamika" title="Potensial termodinamika – 인도네시아어" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Potensial termodinamika" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="인도네시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potenziale_termodinamico" title="Potenziale termodinamico – 이탈리아어" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Potenziale termodinamico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="이탈리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6%E3%83%9D%E3%83%86%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%83%AB" title="熱力学ポテンシャル – 일본어" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="熱力学ポテンシャル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="일본어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Термодинамикалық потенциал – 카자흐어" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Термодинамикалық потенциал" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="카자흐어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Термодинамички потенцијали – 마케도니아어" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Термодинамички потенцијали" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="마케도니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Термодинамик потенциал – 몽골어" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Термодинамик потенциал" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="몽골어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termodynamisk_potensial" title="Termodynamisk potensial – 노르웨이어(니노르스크)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Termodynamisk potensial" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="노르웨이어(니노르스크)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termodynamisk_potensial" title="Termodynamisk potensial – 노르웨이어(보크말)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Termodynamisk potensial" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="노르웨이어(보크말)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potencja%C5%82y_termodynamiczne" title="Potencjały termodynamiczne – 폴란드어" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Potencjały termodynamiczne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="폴란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poten%C8%9Bial_termodinamic" title="Potențial termodinamic – 루마니아어" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Potențial termodinamic" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="루마니아어" 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href="/wiki/%ED%86%B5%EA%B3%84%EC%97%AD%ED%95%99" title="통계역학">통계역학</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="display:block;margin:0.3em 0 0.4em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Increasing_disorder.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Increasing_disorder.svg/220px-Increasing_disorder.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Increasing_disorder.svg/330px-Increasing_disorder.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Increasing_disorder.svg/440px-Increasing_disorder.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="464" data-file-height="131" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption"><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%B4%EC%97%AD%ED%95%99_%EC%A0%9C2%EB%B2%95%EC%B9%99" title="열역학 제2법칙">제2법칙</a>에 따른 <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%94%ED%8A%B8%EB%A1%9C%ED%94%BC" title="엔트로피">엔트로피</a>의 증가</div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%B4%EC%97%AD%ED%95%99" title="열역학">열역학</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%B4%EC%97%AD%ED%95%99_%EB%B2%95%EC%B9%99" title="열역학 법칙">열역학 법칙</a> (<a href="/wiki/%EC%97%B4%EC%97%AD%ED%95%99_%EC%A0%9C1%EB%B2%95%EC%B9%99" title="열역학 제1법칙">제1</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%B4%EC%97%AD%ED%95%99_%EC%A0%9C2%EB%B2%95%EC%B9%99" title="열역학 제2법칙">제2</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%B4%EC%97%AD%ED%95%99_%EC%A0%9C3%EB%B2%95%EC%B9%99" title="열역학 제3법칙">제3</a>)<br /> <p><a class="mw-selflink selflink">열역학 퍼텐셜</a> (<a href="/wiki/%EC%97%94%ED%8A%B8%EB%A1%9C%ED%94%BC" title="엔트로피">엔트로피</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%EB%82%B4%EB%B6%80_%EC%97%90%EB%84%88%EC%A7%80" title="내부 에너지">내부 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href="/wiki/%EB%B3%B4%EC%9D%BC-%EC%83%A4%EB%A5%BC%EC%9D%98_%EB%B2%95%EC%B9%99" title="보일-샤를의 법칙">보일-샤를의 법칙</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%83%81_%EA%B8%B0%EC%B2%B4_%EB%B2%95%EC%B9%99" class="mw-redirect" title="이상 기체 법칙">이상 기체 법칙</a>)  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%B0%98%EB%B0%98%EB%8D%B0%EB%A5%B4%EB%B0%9C%EC%8A%A4_%EC%83%81%ED%83%9C_%EB%B0%A9%EC%A0%95%EC%8B%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="반반데르발스 상태 방정식 (없는 문서)">반반데르발스 상태 방정식</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%ED%86%B5%EA%B3%84%EC%97%AD%ED%95%99" title="통계역학">통계역학</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/%EB%A7%A5%EC%8A%A4%EC%9B%B0-%EB%B3%BC%EC%B8%A0%EB%A7%8C_%ED%86%B5%EA%B3%84" title="맥스웰-볼츠만 통계">맥스웰-볼츠만 통계</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%B0%B0_%ED%95%A8%EC%88%98_(%ED%86%B5%EA%B3%84%EC%97%AD%ED%95%99)" title="분배 함수 (통계역학)">분배 함수</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%84%B1_%EC%83%81%ED%83%9C_%ED%95%A8%EC%88%98" title="특성 상태 함수">특성 상태 함수</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%99%EC%83%81%EB%B8%94_(%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99)" title="앙상블 (물리학)">앙상블</a> (<a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%91%EC%9D%80_%EB%B0%94%EB%A5%B8%ED%8B%80_%EC%95%99%EC%83%81%EB%B8%94" title="작은 바른틀 앙상블">작은 바른틀</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%94%EB%A5%B8%ED%8B%80_%EC%95%99%EC%83%81%EB%B8%94" title="바른틀 앙상블">바른틀</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%ED%81%B0_%EB%B0%94%EB%A5%B8%ED%8B%80_%EC%95%99%EC%83%81%EB%B8%94" title="큰 바른틀 앙상블">큰 바른틀</a>)</div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%81%EC%A0%84%EC%9D%B4" title="상전이">상전이</a>와 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%84%EA%B3%84_%ED%98%84%EC%83%81" title="임계 현상">임계 현상</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%ED%99%94" title="기화">기화</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%EB%81%93%EC%9D%8C" title="끓음">끓음</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%B5%ED%95%B4" title="융해">융해</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%91%EC%B6%95" title="응축">응축</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/%EC%A6%9D%EB%B0%9C" title="증발">증발</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%EC%A6%9D%EC%B0%A9" title="증착">증착</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%EC%82%BC%EC%A4%91%EC%A0%90" title="삼중점">삼중점</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%84%EA%B3%84%EC%A0%90_(%EC%97%B4%EC%97%AD%ED%95%99)" title="임계점 (열역학)">임계점</a> <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%81%B4%EB%9D%BC%EC%9A%B0%EC%A7%80%EC%9A%B0%EC%8A%A4-%ED%81%B4%EB%9D%BC%ED%8E%98%EB%A1%B1_%EA%B4%80%EA%B3%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="클라우지우스-클라페롱 관계 (없는 문서)">클라우지우스-클라페롱 관계</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%9E%80%EB%8B%A4%EC%9A%B0_%EC%9D%B4%EB%A1%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="란다우 이론 (없는 문서)">란다우 이론</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8F%89%EA%B7%A0%EC%9E%A5_%EC%9D%B4%EB%A1%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="평균장 이론 (없는 문서)">평균장 이론</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%EC%96%91%EC%9E%90%ED%86%B5%EA%B3%84%EC%97%AD%ED%95%99" title="양자통계역학">양자통계역학</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%B4%EC%8A%A4-%EC%95%84%EC%9D%B8%EC%8A%88%ED%83%80%EC%9D%B8_%ED%86%B5%EA%B3%84" title="보스-아인슈타인 통계">보스-아인슈타인 통계</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%B4%EC%8A%A4_%EA%B8%B0%EC%B2%B4" title="보스 기체">보스 기체</a> <a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%B4%EC%8A%A4-%EC%95%84%EC%9D%B8%EC%8A%88%ED%83%80%EC%9D%B8_%EC%9D%91%EC%B6%95" title="보스-아인슈타인 응축">보스-아인슈타인 응축</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%EB%94%94%EB%B0%94%EC%9D%B4_%EB%AA%A8%ED%98%95" title="디바이 모형">디바이 모형</a> (<a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%AC%EB%85%BC" title="포논">포논</a>)  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%9D%B8%EC%8A%88%ED%83%80%EC%9D%B8_%EB%AA%A8%ED%98%95" title="아인슈타인 모형">아인슈타인 모형</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%98%EB%A5%B4%EB%AF%B8-%EB%94%94%EB%9E%99_%ED%86%B5%EA%B3%84" title="페르미-디랙 통계">페르미-디랙 통계</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%A0%EB%8B%88%EC%98%A8" title="애니온">애니온</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%98%EB%A5%B4%EB%AF%B8_%EA%B8%B0%EC%B2%B4" title="페르미 기체">페르미 기체</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%98%EB%A5%B4%EB%AF%B8_%EC%A4%80%EC%9C%84" title="페르미 준위">페르미 준위</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8E%98%EB%A5%B4%EB%AF%B8_%ED%91%9C%EB%A9%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="페르미 표면 (없는 문서)">페르미 표면</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%EB%9D%A0%EA%B5%AC%EC%A1%B0" title="띠구조">띠구조</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%95%EC%9E%90%EC%84%B1" title="강자성">강자성</a>과 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B2%A9%EC%9E%90_%EB%AA%A8%ED%98%95" title="격자 모형">격자 모형</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/%ED%80%B4%EB%A6%AC_%EC%98%A8%EB%8F%84" title="퀴리 온도">퀴리 온도</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%A7%95_%EB%AA%A8%ED%98%95" title="이징 모형">이징 모형</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%AC%EC%B8%A0_%EB%AA%A8%ED%98%95" title="포츠 모형">포츠 모형</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%ED%95%98%EC%9D%B4%EC%A0%A0%EB%B2%A0%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC_%EC%8A%A4%ED%95%80_%EC%82%AC%EC%8A%AC" title="하이젠베르크 스핀 사슬">하이젠베르크 스핀 사슬</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%EC%B5%9C%EC%86%8C_%EB%AA%A8%ED%98%95_(%EB%93%B1%EA%B0%81_%EC%9E%A5%EB%A1%A0)" title="최소 모형 (등각 장론)">최소 모형</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%EC%B4%88%EC%9C%A0%EC%B2%B4" title="초유체">초유체</a>와 <a href="/wiki/%EC%B4%88%EC%A0%84%EB%8F%84_%ED%98%84%EC%83%81" title="초전도 현상">초전도체</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/%ED%97%AC%EB%A5%A8-4" title="헬륨-4">헬륨-4</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%ED%97%AC%EB%A5%A8-3" title="헬륨-3">헬륨-3</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%EA%B7%B8%EB%A1%9C%EC%8A%A4-%ED%94%BC%ED%83%80%EC%98%99%EC%8A%A4%ED%82%A4_%EB%B0%A9%EC%A0%95%EC%8B%9D" title="그로스-피타옙스키 방정식">그로스-피타옙스키 방정식</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%EB%9F%B0%EB%8D%98_%EB%B0%A9%EC%A0%95%EC%8B%9D" title="런던 방정식">런던 방정식</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B4%EC%A6%88%EB%B6%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC-%EB%9E%80%EB%8B%A4%EC%9A%B0_%EC%9D%B4%EB%A1%A0" title="긴즈부르크-란다우 이론">긴즈부르크-란다우 이론</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/BCS_%EC%9D%B4%EB%A1%A0" title="BCS 이론">BCS 이론</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#ddf;text-align:center;">과학자</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%82%AC%EC%9D%B4%EC%96%B4_%EC%9C%8C%EB%9F%AC%EB%93%9C_%EA%B8%B0%EB%B8%8C%EC%8A%A4" title="조사이어 윌러드 기브스">기브스</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%ED%83%88%EB%A6%AC_%EA%B8%B4%EC%A6%88%EB%B6%80%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC" title="비탈리 긴즈부르크">긴즈부르크</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%B4_%EB%94%94%EB%9E%99" title="폴 디랙">디랙</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%ED%94%BC%ED%84%B0_%EB%94%94%EB%B0%94%EC%9D%B4" title="피터 디바이">디바이</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%EB%A0%88%ED%94%84_%EB%9E%80%EB%8B%A4%EC%9A%B0" title="레프 란다우">란다우</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%B4_%EB%9E%91%EC%A3%BC%EB%B1%85" title="폴 랑주뱅">랑주뱅</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%9C%EC%9E%84%EC%8A%A4_%ED%81%B4%EB%9F%AC%ED%81%AC_%EB%A7%A5%EC%8A%A4%EC%9B%B0" title="제임스 클러크 맥스웰">맥스웰</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%88%EC%BD%9C%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B4_%EB%B3%B4%EA%B3%A8%EB%A5%98%EB%B3%B4%ED%94%84" title="니콜라이 보골류보프">보골류보프</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%ED%8B%B0%EC%97%94%EB%93%9C%EB%9D%BC_%EB%82%98%ED%8A%B8_%EB%B3%B4%EC%8A%A4" title="사티엔드라 나트 보스">보스</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%8C%EB%B2%A0%EB%A5%B4%ED%8A%B8_%EC%95%84%EC%9D%B8%EC%8A%88%ED%83%80%EC%9D%B8" title="알베르트 아인슈타인">아인슈타인</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%97%90%EB%A5%B8%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8_%EC%9D%B4%EC%A7%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="에른스트 이징 (없는 문서)">이징</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%EB%9D%BC%EB%A5%B4%EC%8A%A4_%EC%98%A8%EC%82%AC%EA%B2%8C%EB%A5%B4" title="라르스 온사게르">온사게르</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%9C%EC%9E%84%EC%8A%A4_%ED%94%84%EB%A0%88%EC%8A%A4%EC%BD%A7_%EC%A4%84" title="제임스 프레스콧 줄">줄</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%EB%A3%A8%ED%8A%B8%EB%B9%84%ED%9E%88_%EB%B3%BC%EC%B8%A0%EB%A7%8C" title="루트비히 볼츠만">볼츠만</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%EC%98%A4_%EC%B9%B4%EB%8B%A4%EB%85%B8%ED%94%84" title="리오 카다노프">카다노프</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B4_%EC%B9%B4%EB%94%94" title="존 카디">카디</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%EC%BD%98%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%84%ED%8B%B0%EB%85%B8%EC%8A%A4_%EC%B9%B4%EB%9D%BC%ED%85%8C%EC%98%A4%EB%8F%84%EB%A6%AC" title="콘스탄티노스 카라테오도리">카라테오도리</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EB%94%94_%EC%B9%B4%EB%A5%B4%EB%85%B8" class="mw-disambig" title="사디 카르노">카르노</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%9C1%EB%8C%80_%EC%BC%88%EB%B9%88_%EB%82%A8%EC%9E%91_%EC%9C%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%97%84_%ED%86%B0%EC%8A%A8" title="제1대 켈빈 남작 윌리엄 톰슨">켈빈</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%ED%94%BC%EC%97%90%EB%A5%B4_%ED%80%B4%EB%A6%AC" title="피에르 퀴리">퀴리</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%EB%A3%A8%EB%8F%8C%ED%94%84_%ED%81%B4%EB%9D%BC%EC%9A%B0%EC%A7%80%EC%9A%B0%EC%8A%A4" title="루돌프 클라우지우스">클라우지우스</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%B8%8C%EB%88%84%EC%95%84_%ED%8F%B4_%EC%97%90%EB%B0%80_%ED%81%B4%EB%9D%BC%ED%8E%98%EB%A1%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="브누아 폴 에밀 클라페롱 (없는 문서)">클라페롱</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%94%ED%95%98%EB%84%88%EC%8A%A4_%EB%94%94%EB%8D%B0%EB%A6%AD_%ED%8C%90%EB%8D%B0%EB%A5%B4_%EB%B0%9C%EC%8A%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="요하너스 디데릭 판데르 발스">판데르 발스</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%94%EB%A6%AC%EC%BD%94_%ED%8E%98%EB%A5%B4%EB%AF%B8" title="엔리코 페르미">페르미</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%ED%97%A4%EB%A5%B4%EB%A7%8C_%ED%8F%B0_%ED%97%AC%EB%A6%84%ED%99%80%EC%B8%A0" title="헤르만 폰 헬름홀츠">헬름홀츠</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480591"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r34311309">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-보기"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%ED%86%B5%EA%B3%84%EC%97%AD%ED%95%99" title="틀:통계역학"><abbr title="이 틀을 보기">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-토론"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8B%80%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0:%ED%86%B5%EA%B3%84%EC%97%AD%ED%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="틀토론:통계역학 (없는 문서)"><abbr title="이 틀에 관해 토론하기">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-편집"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C%ED%8E%B8%EC%A7%91/%ED%8B%80:%ED%86%B5%EA%B3%84%EC%97%AD%ED%95%99" title="특수:문서편집/틀:통계역학"><abbr title="이 틀을 편집하기">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>열역학 퍼텐셜</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>(<span lang="en">thermodynamic potential</span>)이란 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%84_(%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99)" class="mw-redirect" title="계 (물리학)">계</a>의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%B4%EC%97%AD%ED%95%99%EC%A0%81_%EC%83%81%ED%83%9C" title="열역학적 상태">열역학적 상태</a>를 기술하는 함수이다. 이들 중 계가 갖는 에너지의 양인 <a href="/wiki/%EB%82%B4%EB%B6%80%EC%97%90%EB%84%88%EC%A7%80" class="mw-redirect" title="내부에너지">내부에너지</a> <i>U</i>가 제일 기본적인 열역학페텐셜이고, 다른 열역학포텐셜들은 <i>U</i>의 몇몇 변수에 대한 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A5%B4%EC%9E%A5%EB%93%9C%EB%A5%B4_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%98" title="르장드르 변환">르장드르 변환</a>으로 정의한다. 자주 쓰이는 열역학 퍼텐셜로는 아래의 다섯가지가 있다. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%82%B4%EB%B6%80_%EC%97%90%EB%84%88%EC%A7%80" title="내부 에너지">내부 에너지</a> <i>U</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%94%ED%83%88%ED%94%BC" title="엔탈피">엔탈피</a> <i>H</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%97%AC%EB%A6%84%ED%99%80%EC%B8%A0_%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0_%EC%97%90%EB%84%88%EC%A7%80" title="헬름홀츠 자유 에너지">헬름홀츠 자유 에너지</a> <i>F</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%B8%8C%EC%8A%A4_%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0_%EC%97%90%EB%84%88%EC%A7%80" class="mw-redirect" title="기브스 자유 에너지">기브스 자유 에너지</a> <i>G</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%81%B0_%ED%8D%BC%ED%85%90%EC%85%9C" title="큰 퍼텐셜">큰 퍼텐셜</a> Φ</li></ul> <p>이러한 열역학 퍼텐셜들은 특정 상황에 따라 계의 상태를 구별하는 매우 중요한 지표가 되고, 계의 진화방향을 예측할 수 있게 해주기 때문에 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EC%97%B0%EA%B3%BC%ED%95%99" title="자연과학">자연과학</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%B5%ED%95%99" title="공학">공학</a>의 각 분야에서 널리 활용되고 있다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="정의"><span id=".EC.A0.95.EC.9D.98"></span>정의</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%97%B4%EC%97%AD%ED%95%99_%ED%8D%BC%ED%85%90%EC%85%9C&action=edit&section=1" title="부분 편집: 정의"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>열역학 퍼텐셜들은 모두 <a href="/wiki/%EB%82%B4%EB%B6%80_%EC%97%90%EB%84%88%EC%A7%80" title="내부 에너지">내부 에너지</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle U}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>U</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle U}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/458a728f53b9a0274f059cd695e067c430956025" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.783ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle U}"></span>에, 압력이나 온도에 대응하는 보정항들을 추가한 꼴의 값들이다. 이는 일종의 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A5%B4%EC%9E%A5%EB%93%9C%EB%A5%B4_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%98" title="르장드르 변환">르장드르 변환</a>이다. </p><p><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%94%ED%83%88%ED%94%BC" title="엔탈피">엔탈피</a> <i>H</i>는 내부 에너지 <i>U</i>의 부피 <i>V</i>를 압력 <i>P</i>로 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A5%B4%EC%9E%A5%EB%93%9C%EB%A5%B4_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%98" title="르장드르 변환">르장드르 변환</a>한 것이다. </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle H=U+PV}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>H</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>U</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>P</mi> <mi>V</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle H=U+PV}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ff8a8679f9f841c71be73152fedca0199b673fb2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:13.318ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle H=U+PV}"></span></dd></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/%ED%97%AC%EB%A6%84%ED%99%80%EC%B8%A0_%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0_%EC%97%90%EB%84%88%EC%A7%80" title="헬름홀츠 자유 에너지">헬름홀츠 자유 에너지</a> <i>F</i>는 내부 에너지 <i>U</i>의 엔트로피 <i>S</i>를 온도 <i>T</i>로 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A5%B4%EC%9E%A5%EB%93%9C%EB%A5%B4_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%98" title="르장드르 변환">르장드르 변환</a>한 것이다. </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle F=U-TS}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>F</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>U</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mi>S</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle F=U-TS}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a9c80d36ac52e52be78ce8bb9111b0fdf05378ec" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:12.598ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle F=U-TS}"></span></dd></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EB%B8%8C%EC%8A%A4_%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0_%EC%97%90%EB%84%88%EC%A7%80" class="mw-redirect" title="기브스 자유 에너지">기브스 자유 에너지</a> <i>G</i>는 내부 에너지 <i>U</i>의 부피 <i>V</i>를 압력 <i>P</i>로, 엔트로피 <i>S</i>를 온도 <i>T</i>로 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A5%B4%EC%9E%A5%EB%93%9C%EB%A5%B4_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%98" title="르장드르 변환">르장드르 변환</a>한 것이다. </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle G=U-TS+PV}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>G</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>U</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mi>S</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>P</mi> <mi>V</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle G=U-TS+PV}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d3316e88b9cb70ebfd2305154f602fe103b0dafa" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:19.057ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle G=U-TS+PV}"></span></dd></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/%ED%81%B0_%ED%8D%BC%ED%85%90%EC%85%9C" title="큰 퍼텐셜">큰 퍼텐셜</a> Φ는 내부 에너지 <i>U</i>의 엔트로피 <i>S</i>를 온도 <i>T</i>로, 입자의 수 <i>N</i>을 <a href="/wiki/%ED%99%94%ED%95%99_%ED%8D%BC%ED%85%90%EC%85%9C" title="화학 퍼텐셜">화학 퍼텐셜</a> <i>μ</i>로 르장드르 변환한 것이다. </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Phi =U-TS-\mu N}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">Φ</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>U</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mi>T</mi> <mi>S</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mi>μ</mi> <mi>N</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Phi =U-TS-\mu N}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/77ae19eafeaa4b543482ea0f7f36992239cb6d43" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:18.841ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Phi =U-TS-\mu N}"></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="같이_보기"><span id=".EA.B0.99.EC.9D.B4_.EB.B3.B4.EA.B8.B0"></span>같이 보기</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%97%B4%EC%97%AD%ED%95%99_%ED%8D%BC%ED%85%90%EC%85%9C&action=edit&section=2" title="부분 편집: 같이 보기"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A8%EC%82%AC%EA%B1%B0_%EC%97%AD%EA%B4%80%EA%B3%84" title="온사거 역관계">온사거 역관계</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%B4%EC%97%AD%ED%95%99_%EC%A0%9C3%EB%B2%95%EC%B9%99" title="열역학 제3법칙">열역학 제3법칙</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="각주"><span id=".EA.B0.81.EC.A3.BC"></span>각주</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%97%B4%EC%97%AD%ED%95%99_%ED%8D%BC%ED%85%90%EC%85%9C&action=edit&section=3" title="부분 편집: 각주"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">한국물리학회 물리학용어집 <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.kps.or.kr/content/voca/search.php?et=en&find_kw=thermodynamic+potential">https://www.kps.or.kr/content/voca/search.php?et=en&find_kw=thermodynamic+potential</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480591"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36429174">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output 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