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recombination</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Charge recombination"> <meta name="keywords" content="Charge recombination"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Charge recombination"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1007</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Charge recombination</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">857</span> The MoEDAL-MAPP* Experiment - Expanding the Discovery Horizon of the Large Hadron Collider</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20Pinfold">James Pinfold</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The MoEDAL (Monopole and Exotics Detector at the LHC) experiment deployed at IP8 on the Large Hadron Collider ring was the first dedicated search experiment to take data at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in 2010. It was designed to search for Highly Ionizing Particle (HIP) avatars of new physics such as magnetic monopoles, dyons, Q-balls, multiply charged particles, massive, slowly moving charged particles and long-lived massive charge SUSY particles. We shall report on our search at LHC’s Run-2 for Magnetic monopoles and dyons produced in p-p and photon-fusion. In more detail, we will report our most recent result in this arena: the search for magnetic monopoles via the Schwinger Mechanism in Pb-Pb collisions. The MoEDAL detector, originally the first dedicated search detector at the LHC, is being reinstalled for LHC’s Run-3 to continue the search for electrically and magnetically charged HIPs with enhanced instantaneous luminosity, detector efficiency and a factor of ten lower thresholds for HIPs. As part of this effort, we will search for massive l long-lived, singly and multiply charged particles from various scenarios for which MoEDAL has a competitive sensitivity. An upgrade to MoEDAL, the MoEDAL Apparatus for Penetrating Particles (MAPP), is now the LHC’s newest detector. The MAPP detector, positioned in UA83, expands the physics reach of MoEDAL to include sensitivity to feebly-charged particles with charge, or effective charge, as low as 10-3 e (where e is the electron charge). Also, In conjunction with MoEDAL’s trapping detector, the MAPP detector gives us a unique sensitivity to extremely long-lived charged particles. MAPP also has some sensitivity to long-lived neutral particles. The addition of an Outrigger detector for MAPP-1 to increase its acceptance for more massive milli-charged particles is currently in the Technical Proposal stage. Additionally, we will briefly report on the plans for the MAPP-2 upgrade to the MoEDAL-MAPP experiment for the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC). This experiment phase is designed to maximize MoEDAL-MAPP’s sensitivity to very long-lived neutral messengers of physics beyond the Standard Model. We envisage this detector being deployed in the UGC1 gallery near IP8. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LHC" title="LHC">LHC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beyond%20the%20standard%20model" title=" beyond the standard model"> beyond the standard model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dedicated%20search%20experiment" title=" dedicated search experiment"> dedicated search experiment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=highly%20ionizing%20particles" title=" highly ionizing particles"> highly ionizing particles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=long-lived%20particles" title=" long-lived particles"> long-lived particles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=milli-charged%20particles" title=" milli-charged particles"> milli-charged particles</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167524/the-moedal-mapp-experiment-expanding-the-discovery-horizon-of-the-large-hadron-collider" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167524.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">68</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">856</span> Effect of Atrial Flutter on Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibrahim%20Ahmed">Ibrahim Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20Amoateng"> Richard Amoateng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akhil%20Jain"> Akhil Jain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Ahmed"> Mohamed Ahmed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is a type of acquired cardiomyopathy caused by chronic alcohol consumption. Frequently ACM is associated with arrhythmias such as atrial flutter. Our aim was to characterize the patient demographics and investigate the effect of atrial flutter (AF) on ACM. This was a retrospective cohort study using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database to identify admissions in adults with principal and secondary diagnoses of alcoholic cardiomyopathy and atrial flutter from 2019. Multivariate linear and logistic regression models were adjusted for age, gender, race, household income, insurance status, Elixhauser comorbidity score, hospital location, bed size, and teaching status. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality, and secondary outcomes were the length of stay (LOS) and total charge in USD. There was a total of 21,855 admissions with alcoholic cardiomyopathy, of which 1,635 had atrial flutter (AF-ACM). Compared to Non-AF-ACM cohort, AF-ACM cohort had fewer females (4.89% vs 14.54%, p<0.001), were older (58.66 vs 56.13 years, p<0.001), fewer Native Americans (0.61% vs2.67%, p<0.01), had fewer smaller (19.27% vs 22.45%, p<0.01) & medium-sized hospitals (23.24% vs28.98%, p<0.01), but more large-sized hospitals (57.49% vs 48.57%, p<0.01), more Medicare (40.37% vs 34.08%, p<0.05) and fewer Medicaid insured (23.55% vs 33.70%, p=<0.001), fewer hypertension (10.7% vs 15.01%, p<0.05), and more obesity (24.77% vs 16.35%, p<0.001). Compared to Non-AF-ACM cohort, there was no difference in AF-ACM cohort mortality rate (6.13% vs 4.20%, p=0.0998), unadjusted mortality OR 1.49 (95% CI 0.92-2.40, p=0.102), adjusted mortality OR 1.36 (95% CI 0.83-2.24, p=0.221), but there was a difference in LOS 1.23 days (95% CI 0.34-2.13, p<0.01), total charge $28,860.30 (95% CI 11,883.96-45,836.60, p<0.01). In patients admitted with ACM, the presence of AF was not associated with a higher all-cause mortality rate or odds of all-cause mortality; however, it was associated with 1.23 days increase in LOS and a $28,860.30 increase in total hospitalization charge. Native Americans, older age and obesity were risk factors for the presence of AF in ACM. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alcoholic%20cardiomyopathy" title="alcoholic cardiomyopathy">alcoholic cardiomyopathy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atrial%20flutter" title=" atrial flutter"> atrial flutter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cardiomyopathy" title=" cardiomyopathy"> cardiomyopathy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arrhythmia" title=" arrhythmia"> arrhythmia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149617/effect-of-atrial-flutter-on-alcoholic-cardiomyopathy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149617.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">112</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">855</span> Modelling of Rate-Dependent Hysteresis of Polypyrrole Dual Sensing-Actuators for Precise Position Control</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Johanna%20Schumacher">Johanna Schumacher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toribio%20F.%20Otero"> Toribio F. Otero</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Victor%20H.%20Pascual"> Victor H. Pascual</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bending dual sensing-actuators based on electroactive polymers are faradaic motors meaning the consumed charge determines the actuator’s tip position. During actuation, consumed charges during oxidation and reduction result in different tip positions showing dynamic hysteresis effects with errors up to 25%. For a precise position control of these actuators, the characterization of the hysteresis effect due to irreversible reactions is crucial. Here, the investigation and modelling of dynamic hysteresis effects of polypyrrole-dodezylbenzenesulfonate (PPyDBS) actuators under ambient working conditions are presented. The hysteresis effect is studied for charge consumption at different frequencies and a rate-dependent hysteresis model is derived. The hysteresis model is implemented as closed loop system and is verified experimentally. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual%20sensing-actuator" title="dual sensing-actuator">dual sensing-actuator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electroactive%20polymers" title=" electroactive polymers"> electroactive polymers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hysteresis" title=" hysteresis"> hysteresis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=position%20control" title=" position control"> position control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71673/modelling-of-rate-dependent-hysteresis-of-polypyrrole-dual-sensing-actuators-for-precise-position-control" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71673.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">387</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">854</span> The Charge Exchange and Mixture Formation Model in the ASz-62IR Radial Aircraft Engine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pawel%20Magryta">Pawel Magryta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tytus%20Tulwin"> Tytus Tulwin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pawe%C5%82%20Karpi%C5%84ski"> Paweł Karpiński</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The ASz62IR engine is a radial aircraft engine with 9 cylinders. This object is produced by the Polish company WSK "PZL-KALISZ" S.A. This is engine is currently being developed by the above company and Lublin University of Technology. In order to provide an effective work of the technological development of this unit it was decided to made the simulation model. The model of ASz-62IR was developed with AVL BOOST software which is a tool dedicated to the one-dimensional modeling of internal combustion engines. This model can be used to calculate parameters of an air and fuel flow in an intake system including charging devices as well as combustion and exhaust flow to the environment. The main purpose of this model is the analysis of the charge exchange and mixture formation in this engine. For this purpose, the model consists of elements such: as air inlet, throttle system, compressor connector, charging compressor, inlet pipes and injectors, outlet pipes, fuel injection and model of fuel mixing and evaporation. The model of charge exchange and mixture formation was based on the model of mass flow rate in intake and exhaust pipes, and also on the calculation of gas properties values like gas constant or thermal capacity. This model was based on the equations to describe isentropic flow. The energy equation to describe flow under steady conditions was transformed into the mass flow equation. In the model the flow coefficient μσ was used, that varies with the stroke/valve opening and was determined in a steady flow state. The geometry of the inlet channels and other key components was mapped with reference to the technical documentation of the engine and empirical measurements of the structure elements. The volume of elements on the charge flow path between the air inlet and the exhaust outlet was measured by the CAD mapping of the structure. Taken from the technical documentation, the original characteristics of the compressor engine was entered into the model. Additionally, the model uses a general model for the transport of chemical compounds of the mixture. There are 7 compounds used, i.e. fuel, O2, N2, CO2, H2O, CO, H2. A gasoline fuel of a calorific value of 43.5 MJ/kg and an air mass fraction for stoichiometric mixture of 14.5 were used. Indirect injection into the intake manifold is used in this model. The model assumes the following simplifications: the mixture is homogenous at the beginning of combustion, accordingly, mixture stoichiometric coefficient A/F remains constant during combustion, combusted and non-combusted charges show identical pressures and temperatures although their compositions change. As a result of the simulation studies based on the model described above, the basic parameters of combustion process, charge exchange, mixture formation in cylinders were obtained. The AVL Boost software is very useful for the piston engine performance simulations. This work has been financed by the Polish National Centre for Research and Development, INNOLOT, under Grant Agreement No. INNOLOT/I/1/NCBR/2013. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aviation%20propulsion" title="aviation propulsion">aviation propulsion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AVL%20Boost" title=" AVL Boost"> AVL Boost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engine%20model" title=" engine model"> engine model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=charge%20exchange" title=" charge exchange"> charge exchange</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixture%20formation" title=" mixture formation"> mixture formation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50102/the-charge-exchange-and-mixture-formation-model-in-the-asz-62ir-radial-aircraft-engine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50102.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">339</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">853</span> Electronic Device Robustness against Electrostatic Discharges</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Clara%20Oliver">Clara Oliver</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oibar%20Martinez"> Oibar Martinez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper is intended to reveal the severity of electrostatic discharge (ESD) effects in electronic and optoelectronic devices by performing sensitivity tests based on Human Body Model (HBM) standard. We explain here the HBM standard in detail together with the typical failure modes associated with electrostatic discharges. In addition, a prototype of electrostatic charge generator has been designed, fabricated, and verified to stress electronic devices, which features a compact high voltage source. This prototype is inexpensive and enables one to do a battery of pre-compliance tests aimed at detecting unexpected weaknesses to static discharges at the component level. Some tests with different devices were performed to illustrate the behavior of the proposed generator. A set of discharges was applied according to the HBM standard to commercially available bipolar transistors, complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor transistors and light emitting diodes. It is observed that high current and voltage ratings in electronic devices not necessarily provide a guarantee that the device will withstand high levels of electrostatic discharges. We have also compared the result obtained by performing the sensitivity tests based on HBM with a real discharge generated by a human. For this purpose, the charge accumulated in the person is monitored, and a direct discharge against the devices is generated by touching them. Every test has been performed under controlled relative humidity conditions. It is believed that this paper can be of interest for research teams involved in the development of electronic and optoelectronic devices which need to verify the reliability of their devices in terms of robustness to electrostatic discharges. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20body%20model" title="human body model">human body model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrostatic%20discharge" title=" electrostatic discharge"> electrostatic discharge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensitivity%20tests" title=" sensitivity tests"> sensitivity tests</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=static%20charge%20monitoring" title=" static charge monitoring"> static charge monitoring</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107659/electronic-device-robustness-against-electrostatic-discharges" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107659.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">149</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">852</span> Do Industry Expert Audit Engagement Partners Earn Fee Premiums? Evidence from Labor Usage and the Hourly Charge Rate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gil%20Bae">Gil Bae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seung%20Uk%20Choi"> Seung Uk Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jae%20Eun%20Lee"> Jae Eun Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joon%20Hwa%20Rho"> Joon Hwa Rho</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Using proprietary engagement partner identity information for the Big 4 audit firms in Korea over the 2001-2011 period, we find that expert engagement partners obtain significantly higher total compensation than do non-expert partners. Importantly, we also find that expert partners increase the number of audit hours compared to their non-expert counterparts. The hourly billing rate, calculated as total fees divided by total audit hours, of expert partners is not higher than that of non-expert partners, indicating that there is no expert partner premium reflected in the hourly rate. This finding suggests that the increase in total audit fees is attributable mainly to the increase in the quantity of audit hours that expert partners work, not from the higher fee per hour. The results are not attributable to auditor selection bias. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industry%20expert%20partners" title="industry expert partners">industry expert partners</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expert%20premiums" title=" expert premiums"> expert premiums</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=audit%20hours" title=" audit hours"> audit hours</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hourly%20charge%20rate" title=" hourly charge rate"> hourly charge rate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50571/do-industry-expert-audit-engagement-partners-earn-fee-premiums-evidence-from-labor-usage-and-the-hourly-charge-rate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50571.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">308</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">851</span> Development of Agomelatine Loaded Proliposomal Powders for Improved Intestinal Permeation: Effect of Surface Charge</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajasekhar%20Reddy%20Poonuru">Rajasekhar Reddy Poonuru</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anusha%20Parnem"> Anusha Parnem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: To formulate proliposome powder of agomelatine, an antipsychotic drug, and to evaluate physicochemical, in vitro characters and effect of surface charge on ex vivo intestinal permeation. Methods: Film deposition technique was employed to develop proliposomal powders of agomelatin with varying molar ratios of lipid Hydro Soy PC L-α-phosphatidylcholine (HSPC) and cholesterol with fixed sum of drug. With the aim to derive free flowing and stable proliposome powder, fluid retention potential of various carriers was examined. Liposome formation and number of vesicles formed for per mm3 up on hydration, vesicle size, and entrapment efficiency was assessed to deduce an optimized formulation. Sodium cholate added to optimized formulation to induce surface charge on formed vesicles. Solid-state characterization (FTIR, DSC, and XRD) was performed with the intention to assess native crystalline and chemical behavior of drug. The in vitro dissolution test of optimized formulation along with pure drug was evaluated to estimate dissolution efficiency (DE) and relative dissolution rate (RDR). Effective permeability co-efficient (Peff(rat)) in rat and enhancement ratio (ER) of drug from formulation and pure drug dispersion were calculated from ex vivo permeation studies in rat ileum. Results: Proliposomal powder formulated with equimolar ratio of HSPC and cholesterol ensued in higher no. of vesicles (3.95) with 90% drug entrapment up on hydration. Neusilin UFL2 was elected as carrier because of its high fluid retention potential (4.5) and good flow properties. Proliposome powder exhibited augmentation in DE (60.3 ±3.34) and RDR (21.2±01.02) of agomelation over pure drug. Solid state characterization studies demonstrated the transformation of native crystalline form of drug to amorphous and/or molecular state, which was in correlation with results obtained from in vitro dissolution test. The elevated Peff(rat) of 46.5×10-4 cm/sec and ER of 2.65 of drug from charge induced proliposome formulation with respect to pure drug dispersion was assessed from ex vivo intestinal permeation studies executed in ileum of wistar rats. Conclusion: Improved physicochemical characters and ex vivo intestinal permeation of drug from charge induced proliposome powder with Neusilin UFL2 unravels the potentiality of this system in enhancing oral delivery of agomelatin. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agomelatin" title="agomelatin">agomelatin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proliposome" title=" proliposome"> proliposome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium%20cholate" title=" sodium cholate"> sodium cholate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neusilin" title=" neusilin"> neusilin</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139924/development-of-agomelatine-loaded-proliposomal-powders-for-improved-intestinal-permeation-effect-of-surface-charge" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139924.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">140</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">850</span> Direct Oxidation Synthesis for a Dual-Layer Silver/Silver Orthophosphate with Controllable Tetrahedral Structure as an Active Photoanode for Solar-Driven Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wen%20Cai%20Ng">Wen Cai Ng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saman%20Ilankoon"> Saman Ilankoon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meng%20Nan%20Chong"> Meng Nan Chong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The vast increase in global energy demand, coupled with the growing concerns on environmental issues, has triggered the search for cleaner alternative energy sources. In view of this, the photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting offers a sustainable hydrogen (H2) production route that only requires solar energy, water, and PEC system operating in an ambient environment. However, the current advancement of PEC water splitting technologies is still far from the commercialization benchmark indicated by the solar-to-H2 (STH) efficiency of at least 10 %. This is largely due to the shortcomings of photoelectrodes used in the PEC system, such as the rapid recombination of photogenerated charge carriers and limited photo-responsiveness in the visible-light spectrum. Silver orthophosphate (Ag3PO4) possesses many desirable intrinsic properties for the fabrication into photoanode used in PEC systems, such as narrow bandgap of 2.4 eV and low valence band (VB) position. Hence, in this study, a highly efficient Ag3PO4-based photoanode was synthesized and characterized. The surface of the Ag foil substrate was directly oxidized to fabricate a top layer composed of {111}-bound Ag3PO4 tetrahedrons layer with a porous structure, forming the dual-layer Ag/Ag3PO4 photoanode. Furthermore, the key synthesis parameters were systematically investigated by varying the concentration ratio of capping agent-to-precursor (R), the volume ratio of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-to-water, and reaction period. Results showed that the optimized dual-layer Ag/Ag3PO4 photoanode achieved a photocurrent density as high as 4.19 mA/cm2 at 1 V vs. Ag/AgCl for the R-value of 4, the volume ratio of H2O2-to-water of 3:5 and 20 h reaction period. The current work provides a solid foundation for further nanoarchitecture modification strategies on Ag3PO4-based photoanodes for more efficient PEC water splitting applications. This piece of information needs to be backed up by evidence; therefore, you need to provide a reference. As the abstract should be self-contained, all information requiring a reference should be removed. This is a fact known to the area of research, and not necessarily required a reference to support. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar-to-hydrogen%20fuel" title="solar-to-hydrogen fuel">solar-to-hydrogen fuel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photoelectrochemical%20water%20splitting" title=" photoelectrochemical water splitting"> photoelectrochemical water splitting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photoelectrode" title=" photoelectrode"> photoelectrode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silver%20orthophosphate" title=" silver orthophosphate"> silver orthophosphate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118076/direct-oxidation-synthesis-for-a-dual-layer-silversilver-orthophosphate-with-controllable-tetrahedral-structure-as-an-active-photoanode-for-solar-driven-photoelectrochemical-water-splitting" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118076.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">121</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">849</span> Internet of Things Based Battery Management System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pakhil%20Singh">Pakhil Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahul%20Singh"> Rahul Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Saad%20Alam"> Mohammad Saad Alam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasser%20Rafat"> Yasser Rafat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The battery management system is an essential package/system which ensures optimum performance and safety of a battery by monitoring the key essential parameters of the battery like the voltage, current, temperature, state of charge, state of health during charging and discharging. This can be accomplished using outputs of various sensors employed to serve the purpose. The increasing demand for electricity generation from renewable energy sources requires proper storage and hence a proper monitoring system as well. A battery management system is required in wide applications ranging from renewable energy storage systems, off-grid solar PV applications to electric vehicles. The aim of this paper is to study the parameters used in monitoring various battery operating conditions and proposes the usage of the internet of things (IoT) to implement a reliable battery management system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20vehicles" title="electric vehicles">electric vehicles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internet%20of%20things" title=" internet of things"> internet of things</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensors" title=" sensors"> sensors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=state%20of%20charge" title=" state of charge"> state of charge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=state%20of%20health" title=" state of health"> state of health</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133342/internet-of-things-based-battery-management-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133342.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">198</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">848</span> Characterization of Carbazole-Based Host Material for Highly Efficient Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitter </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malek%20Mahmoudi">Malek Mahmoudi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jonas%20Keruckas"> Jonas Keruckas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dmytro%20Volyniuk"> Dmytro Volyniuk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jurate%20Simokaitiene"> Jurate Simokaitiene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juozas%20V.%20Grazulevicius"> Juozas V. Grazulevicius</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Host materials have been discovered as one of the most appealing methods for harvesting triplet states in organic materials for application in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). The ideal host-guest system for emission in thermally delayed fluorescence OLEDs with 20% guest concentration for efficient energy transfer has been demonstrated in the present investigation. In this work, 3,3'-bis[9-(4-fluorophenyl) carbazole] (bFPC) has been used as the host, which induces balanced charge carrier transport for high-efficiency OLEDs.For providing a complete characterization of the synthesized compound, photophysical, photoelectrical, charge-transporting, and electrochemical properties of the compound have been examined. Excited-state lifetimes and singlet-triplet energy gaps were measured for characterization of photophysical properties, while thermogravimetric analysis, as well as differential scanning calorimetry measurements, were performed for probing of electrochemical and thermal properties of the compound. The electrochemical properties of this compound were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) method, and ionization potential (IPCV) value of 5.68 eV was observed. UV–Vis absorption and photoluminescence spectrum of a solution of the compound in toluene (10-5 M) showed maxima at 302 and 405 nm, respectively. Photoelectron emission spectrometry was used for the characterization of charge-injection properties of the studied compound in solid. The ionization potential of this material was found to be 5.78 eV, and time-of-flight measurement was used for testing charge-transporting properties and hole mobility estimated using this technique in a vacuum-deposited layer reached 4×10-4 cm2 V-1s-1. Since the compound with high charge mobilities was tested as a host in an organic light-emitting diode. The device was fabricated by successive deposition onto a pre-cleaned indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass substrate under a vacuum of 10-6 Torr and consisting of an indium-tin-oxide anode, hole injection and transporting layer(MoO3, NPB), emitting layer with bFPC as a host and 4CzIPN (2,4,5,6-tetra(9-carbazolyl)isophthalonitrile) which is a new highly efficient green thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) material as an emitter, an electron transporting layer(TPBi) and lithium fluoride layer topped with aluminum layer as a cathode exhibited the highest maximum current efficiency and power efficiency of 33.9 cd/A and 23.5 lm/W, respectively and the electroluminescence spectrum showed only a peak at 512nm. Furthermore, the new bicarbazole-based compound was tested as a host in thermally activated delayed fluorescence organic light-emitting diodes are reaching luminance of 25300 cd m-2 and external quantum efficiency of 10.1%. Interestingly, the turn-on voltage was low enough (3.8 V), and such a device can be used for highly efficient light sources. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermally-activated%20delayed%20fluorescence" title="thermally-activated delayed fluorescence">thermally-activated delayed fluorescence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=host%20%20material" title=" host material"> host material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ionization%20energy" title=" ionization energy"> ionization energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=charge%20mobility" title=" charge mobility"> charge mobility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electroluminescence" title=" electroluminescence"> electroluminescence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114469/characterization-of-carbazole-based-host-material-for-highly-efficient-thermally-activated-delayed-fluorescence-emitter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114469.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">142</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">847</span> Study of Heat Transfer through the Ground and its Accumulation Properties to Increase the Energy Efficiency of Underground Buildings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sandeep%20Bandarwadkar">Sandeep Bandarwadkar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tadas%20Zdankus"> Tadas Zdankus</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To maintain a comfortable indoor temperature for its residents in the colder season, heating a building is necessary. Due to the expansion in the construction sectors, the consumption of heating energy is increasing. According to Eurostat data, in the European Union, the share of energy consumption of heating energy for space and cooling in residential buildings was around 63% in 2019. These figures indicate that heating energy still accounts for a significant portion of total energy consumption in Europe. Innovation is crucial to reduce energy consumption in buildings and achieve greater energy efficiency and sustainability. It can bring about new solutions that are smarter and more natural energy generation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The ground can serve as an effective and sustainable heat accumulator for heating and cooling. The temperature of the ground is higher than that of the ambient air in the colder period and lower in the warmer period. The building deep in the soil could use less thermal energy compared to the above-ground buildings that provide the same amount of thermal comfort. The temperature difference between the soil and the air inside the building decreases as the temperature of the soil increases. In progress, this process generates the condition that acts against heat loss. However, heat dissipates further to the consecutive layers and reaches thermal equilibrium. The charging of the ground by heat and its dissipation through the adjacent soil layers was investigated experimentally. The results of this research showed that 9% of the energy savings in partially underground buildings and 44.4% in completely underground buildings were derived from heating the space. Heat loss to the ground is treated as a charge of the soil by thermal energy. The dependence of the intensity of the charge on time was analysed and presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer" title="heat transfer">heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accumulation%20of%20heat" title=" accumulation of heat"> accumulation of heat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underground%20building" title=" underground building"> underground building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20charge" title=" soil charge"> soil charge</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165507/study-of-heat-transfer-through-the-ground-and-its-accumulation-properties-to-increase-the-energy-efficiency-of-underground-buildings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165507.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">72</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">846</span> The Effects of Stoke's Drag, Electrostatic Force and Charge on Penetration of Nanoparticles through N95 Respirators</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jacob%20Schwartz">Jacob Schwartz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maxim%20Durach"> Maxim Durach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aniruddha%20Mitra"> Aniruddha Mitra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abbas%20Rashidi"> Abbas Rashidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Glen%20Sage"> Glen Sage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atin%20Adhikari"> Atin Adhikari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) approved N95 respirators are commonly used by workers in construction sites where there is a large amount of dust being produced from sawing, grinding, blasting, welding, etc., both electrostatically charged and not. A significant portion of airborne particles in construction sites could be nanoparticles created beside coarse particles. The penetration of the particles through the masks may differ depending on the size and charge of the individual particle. In field experiments relevant to this current study, we found that nanoparticles of medium size ranges are penetrating more frequently than nanoparticles of smaller and larger sizes. For example, penetration percentages of nanoparticles of 11.5 – 27.4 nm into a sealed N95 respirator on a manikin head ranged from 0.59 to 6.59%, whereas nanoparticles of 36.5 – 86.6 nm ranged from 7.34 to 16.04%. The possible causes behind this increased penetration of mid-size nanoparticles through mask filters are not yet explored. The objective of this study is to identify causes behind this unusual behavior of mid-size nanoparticles. We have considered such physical factors as Boltzmann distribution of the particles in thermal equilibrium with the air, kinetic energy of the particles at impact on the mask, Stoke’s drag force, and electrostatic forces in the mask stopping the particles. When the particles collide with the mask, only the particles that have enough kinetic energy to overcome the energy loss due to the electrostatic forces and the Stokes’ drag in the mask can pass through the mask. To understand this process, the following assumptions were made: (1) the effect of Stoke’s drag depends on the particles’ velocity at entry into the mask; (2) the electrostatic force is proportional to the charge on the particles, which in turn is proportional to the surface area of the particles; (3) the general dependence on electrostatic charge and thickness means that for stronger electrostatic resistance in the masks and thicker the masks’ fiber layers the penetration of particles is reduced, which is a sensible conclusion. In sampling situations where one mask was soaked in alcohol eliminating electrostatic interaction the penetration was much larger in the mid-range than the same mask with electrostatic interaction. The smaller nanoparticles showed almost zero penetration most likely because of the small kinetic energy, while the larger sized nanoparticles showed almost negligible penetration most likely due to the interaction of the particle with its own drag force. If there is no electrostatic force the fraction for larger particles grows. But if the electrostatic force is added the fraction for larger particles goes down, so diminished penetration for larger particles should be due to increased electrostatic repulsion, may be due to increased surface area and therefore larger charge on average. We have also explored the effect of ambient temperature on nanoparticle penetrations and determined that the dependence of the penetration of particles on the temperature is weak in the range of temperatures in the measurements 37-42°C, since the factor changes in the range from 3.17 10-3K-1 to 3.22 10-3K-1. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=respiratory%20protection" title="respiratory protection">respiratory protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industrial%20hygiene" title=" industrial hygiene"> industrial hygiene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerosol" title=" aerosol"> aerosol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrostatic%20force" title=" electrostatic force"> electrostatic force</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84457/the-effects-of-stokes-drag-electrostatic-force-and-charge-on-penetration-of-nanoparticles-through-n95-respirators" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84457.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">195</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">845</span> Analog Voltage Inverter Drive for Capacitive Load with Adaptive Gain Control</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sun-Ki%20Hong">Sun-Ki Hong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yong-Ho%20Cho"> Yong-Ho Cho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ki-Seok%20Kim"> Ki-Seok Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tae-Sam%20Kang"> Tae-Sam Kang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Piezoelectric actuator is treated as RC load when it is modeled electrically. For some piezoelectric actuator applications, arbitrary voltage is required to actuate. Especially for unidirectional arbitrary voltage driving like as sine wave, some special inverter with circuit that can charge and discharge the capacitive energy can be used. In this case, the difference between power supply level and the object voltage level for RC load is varied. Because the control gain is constant, the controlled output is not uniform according to the voltage difference. In this paper, for charge and discharge circuit for unidirectional arbitrary voltage driving for piezoelectric actuator, the controller gain is controlled according to the voltage difference. With the proposed simple idea, the load voltage can have controlled smoothly although the voltage difference is varied. The appropriateness is proved from the simulation of the proposed circuit. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analog%20voltage%20inverter" title="analog voltage inverter">analog voltage inverter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capacitive%20load" title=" capacitive load"> capacitive load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gain%20control" title=" gain control"> gain control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dc-dc%20converter" title=" dc-dc converter"> dc-dc converter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=piezoelectric" title=" piezoelectric"> piezoelectric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=voltage%20waveform" title=" voltage waveform"> voltage waveform</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34752/analog-voltage-inverter-drive-for-capacitive-load-with-adaptive-gain-control" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34752.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">655</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">844</span> Heat Transfer Phenomena Identification of a Non-Active Floor in a Stack-Ventilated Building in Summertime: Empirical Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miguel%20Chen%20Austin">Miguel Chen Austin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Denis%20Bruneau"> Denis Bruneau</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alain%20Sempey"> Alain Sempey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laurent%20Mora"> Laurent Mora</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alain%20Sommier"> Alain Sommier</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An experimental study in a Plus Energy House (PEH) prototype was conducted in August 2016. It aimed to highlight the energy charge and discharge of a concrete-slab floor submitted to the day-night-cycles heat exchanges in the southwestern part of France and to identify the heat transfer phenomena that take place in both processes: charge and discharge. The main features of this PEH, significant to this study, are the following: (i) a non-active slab covering the major part of the entire floor surface of the house, which include a concrete layer 68 mm thick as upper layer; (ii) solar window shades located on the north and south facades along with a large eave facing south, (iii) large double-glazed windows covering the majority of the south facade, (iv) a natural ventilation system (NVS) composed by ten automatized openings with different dimensions: four are located on the south facade, four on the north facade and two on the shed roof (north-oriented). To highlight the energy charge and discharge processes of the non-active slab, heat flux and temperature measurement techniques were implemented, along with airspeed measurements. Ten “measurement-poles” (MP) were distributed all over the concrete-floor surface. Each MP represented a zone of measurement, where air and surface temperatures, and convection and radiation heat fluxes, were intended to be measured. The airspeed was measured only at two points over the slab surface, near the south facade. To identify the heat transfer phenomena that take part in the charge and discharge process, some relevant dimensionless parameters were used, along with statistical analysis; heat transfer phenomena were identified based on this analysis. Experimental data, after processing, had shown that two periods could be identified at a glance: charge (heat gain, positive values) and discharge (heat losses, negative values). During the charge period, on the floor surface, radiation heat exchanges were significantly higher compared with convection. On the other hand, convection heat exchanges were significantly higher than radiation, in the discharge period. Spatially, both, convection and radiation heat exchanges are higher near the natural ventilation openings and smaller far from them, as expected. Experimental correlations have been determined using a linear regression model, showing the relation between the Nusselt number with relevant parameters: Peclet, Rayleigh, and Richardson numbers. This has led to the determination of the convective heat transfer coefficient and its comparison with the convective heat coefficient resulting from measurements. Results have shown that forced and natural convection coexists during the discharge period; more accurate correlations with the Peclet number than with the Rayleigh number, have been found. This may suggest that forced convection is stronger than natural convection. Yet, airspeed levels encountered suggest that it is natural convection that should take place rather than forced convection. Despite this, Richardson number values encountered indicate otherwise. During the charge period, air-velocity levels might indicate that none air motion occurs, which might lead to heat transfer by diffusion instead of convection. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20flux%20measurement" title="heat flux measurement">heat flux measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20ventilation" title=" natural ventilation"> natural ventilation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-active%20concrete%20slab" title=" non-active concrete slab"> non-active concrete slab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plus%20energy%20house" title=" plus energy house"> plus energy house</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81533/heat-transfer-phenomena-identification-of-a-non-active-floor-in-a-stack-ventilated-building-in-summertime-empirical-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81533.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">416</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">843</span> Origin of Hydrogen Bonding: Natural Bond Orbital Electron Donor-Acceptor Interactions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Ayoub">Mohamed Ayoub</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We perform computational investigation using density functional theory, B3LYP with aug-cc-pVTZ basis set followed by natural bond orbital analysis (NBO), which provides best single “natural Lewis structure” (NLS) representation of chosen wavefunction (Ψ) with natural resonance theory (NRT) to provide an analysis of molecular electron density in terms of resonance structures (RS) and weights (w). We selected for the study a wide range of gas phase dimers (B…HA), with hydrogen bond dissociation energies (ΔEB…H) that span more than two orders of magnitude. We demonstrate that charge transfer from a donor Lewis-type NBO (nB:) to an acceptor non-Lewis-type NBO (σHA*) is the primary cause for H-bonding not classical electrostatic (dipole-dipole or ionic). We provide a variety of structure, and spectroscopic descriptors to support the conclusion, such as IR frequency shift (ΔνHA), H-bond penetration distance (ΔRB..H), bond order (bB..H), charge-transfer (CTB→HA) and the corresponding donor-acceptor stabilization energy (ΔE(2)). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20bond%20orbital" title="natural bond orbital">natural bond orbital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen%20bonding" title=" hydrogen bonding"> hydrogen bonding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electron%20donor" title=" electron donor"> electron donor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electron%20acceptor" title=" electron acceptor"> electron acceptor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17444/origin-of-hydrogen-bonding-natural-bond-orbital-electron-donor-acceptor-interactions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17444.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">439</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">842</span> Ab Initio Calculation of Fundamental Properties of CaxMg1-xA (a = Se and Te) Alloys in the Rock-Salt Structure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Ghebouli">M. A. Ghebouli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Choutri"> H. Choutri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Ghebouli"> B. Ghebouli </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Fatmi"> M. Fatmi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Louail"> L. Louail</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We employed the density-functional perturbation theory (DFPT) within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA), the local density approximation (LDA) and the virtual-crystal approximation (VCA) to study the effect of composition on the structure, stability, energy gaps, electron effective mass, the dynamic effective charge, optical and acoustical phonon frequencies and static and high dielectric constants of the rock-salt CaxMg1-xSe and CaxMg1-xTe alloys. The computed equilibrium lattice constant and bulk modulus show an important deviation from the linear concentration. From the Voigt-Reuss-Hill approximation, CaxMg1-xSe and CaxMg1-xTe present lower stiffness and lateral expansion. For Ca content ranging between 0.25-0.75, the elastic constants, energy gaps, electron effective mass and dynamic effective charge are predictions. The elastic constants and computed phonon dispersion curves indicate that these alloys are mechanically stable. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CaxMg1-xSe" title="CaxMg1-xSe">CaxMg1-xSe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CaxMg1-xTe" title=" CaxMg1-xTe"> CaxMg1-xTe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=band%20structure" title=" band structure"> band structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phonon" title=" phonon"> phonon</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13861/ab-initio-calculation-of-fundamental-properties-of-caxmg1-xa-a-se-and-te-alloys-in-the-rock-salt-structure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13861.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">541</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">841</span> Numerical Analysis of Charge Exchange in an Opposed-Piston Engine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zbigniew%20Czy%C5%BC">Zbigniew Czyż</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adam%20Majczak"> Adam Majczak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lukasz%20Grabowski"> Lukasz Grabowski</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper presents a description of geometric models, computational algorithms, and results of numerical analyses of charge exchange in a two-stroke opposed-piston engine. The research engine was a newly designed internal Diesel engine. The unit is characterized by three cylinders in which three pairs of opposed-pistons operate. The engine will generate a power output equal to 100 kW at a crankshaft rotation speed of 3800-4000 rpm. The numerical investigations were carried out using ANSYS FLUENT solver. Numerical research, in contrast to experimental research, allows us to validate project assumptions and avoid costly prototype preparation for experimental tests. This makes it possible to optimize the geometrical model in countless variants with no production costs. The geometrical model includes an intake manifold, a cylinder, and an outlet manifold. The study was conducted for a series of modifications of manifolds and intake and exhaust ports to optimize the charge exchange process in the engine. The calculations specified a swirl coefficient obtained under stationary conditions for a full opening of intake and exhaust ports as well as a CA value of 280° for all cylinders. In addition, mass flow rates were identified separately in all of the intake and exhaust ports to achieve the best possible uniformity of flow in the individual cylinders. For the models under consideration, velocity, pressure and streamline contours were generated in important cross sections. The developed models are designed primarily to minimize the flow drag through the intake and exhaust ports while the mass flow rate increases. Firstly, in order to calculate the swirl ratio [-], tangential velocity v [m/s] and then angular velocity ω [rad / s] with respect to the charge as the mean of each element were calculated. The paper contains comparative analyses of all the intake and exhaust manifolds of the designed engine. Acknowledgement: This work has been realized in the cooperation with The Construction Office of WSK "PZL-KALISZ" S.A." and is part of Grant Agreement No. POIR.01.02.00-00-0002/15 financed by the Polish National Centre for Research and Development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20fluid%20dynamics" title="computational fluid dynamics">computational fluid dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engine%20swirl" title=" engine swirl"> engine swirl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluid%20mechanics" title=" fluid mechanics"> fluid mechanics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mass%20flow%20rates" title=" mass flow rates"> mass flow rates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20analysis" title=" numerical analysis"> numerical analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=opposed-piston%20engine" title=" opposed-piston engine"> opposed-piston engine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81483/numerical-analysis-of-charge-exchange-in-an-opposed-piston-engine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81483.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">199</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">840</span> Fabrication and Characteristics of Ni Doped Titania Nanotubes by Electrochemical Anodization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Tirano">J. Tirano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Zea"> H. Zea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Luhrs"> C. Luhrs</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is well known that titanium dioxide is a semiconductor with several applications in photocatalytic process. Its band gap makes it very interesting in the photoelectrodes manufacturing used in photoelectrochemical cells for hydrogen production, a clean and environmentally friendly fuel. The synthesis of 1D titanium dioxide nanostructures, such as nanotubes, makes possible to produce more efficient photoelectrodes for solar energy to hydrogen conversion. In essence, this is because it increases the charge transport rate, decreasing recombination options. However, its principal constraint is to be mainly sensitive to UV range, which represents a very low percentage of solar radiation that reaches earth's surface. One of the alternatives to modifying the TiO2’s band gap and improving its photoactivity under visible light irradiation is to dope the nanotubes with transition metals. This option requires fabricating efficient nanostructured photoelectrodes with controlled morphology and specific properties able to offer a suitable surface area for metallic doping. Hence, currently one of the central challenges in photoelectrochemical cells is the construction of nanomaterials with a proper band position for driving the reaction while absorbing energy over the VIS spectrum. This research focuses on the synthesis and characterization of Nidoped TiO2 nanotubes for improving its photocatalytic activity in solar energy conversion applications. Initially, titanium dioxide nanotubes (TNTs) with controlled morphology were synthesized by two-step potentiostatic anodization of titanium foil. The anodization was carried out at room temperature in an electrolyte composed of ammonium fluoride, deionized water and ethylene glycol. Consequent thermal annealing of as-prepared TNTs was conducted in the air between 450 °C - 550 °C. Afterwards, the nanotubes were superficially modified by nickel deposition. Morphology and crystalline phase of the samples were carried out by SEM, EDS and XRD analysis before and after nickel deposition. Determining the photoelectrochemical performance of photoelectrodes is based on typical electrochemical characterization techniques. Also, the morphological characterization associated electrochemical behavior analysis were discussed to establish the effect of nickel nanoparticles modification on the TiO2 nanotubes. The methodology proposed in this research allows using other transition metal for nanotube surface modification. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dimensionally%20stable%20electrode" title="dimensionally stable electrode">dimensionally stable electrode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nickel%20nanoparticles" title=" nickel nanoparticles"> nickel nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photo-electrode" title=" photo-electrode"> photo-electrode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TiO%E2%82%82%20nanotubes" title=" TiO₂ nanotubes"> TiO₂ nanotubes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85224/fabrication-and-characteristics-of-ni-doped-titania-nanotubes-by-electrochemical-anodization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85224.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">178</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">839</span> An Anode Based on Modified Silicon Nanostructured for Lithium – Ion Battery Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Yaddaden">C. Yaddaden</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Berouaken"> M. Berouaken</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Talbi"> L. Talbi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Ayouz"> K. Ayouz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Ayat"> M. Ayat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Cheriet"> A. Cheriet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Boudeffar"> F. Boudeffar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Manseri"> A. Manseri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Gabouze"> N. Gabouze</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely used in various electronic devices due to their high energy density. However, the performance of the anode material in LIBs is crucial for enhancing the battery's overall efficiency. This research focuses on developing a new anode material by modifying silicon nanostructures, specifically porous silicon nanowires (PSiNWs) and porous silicon nanoparticles (NPSiP), with silver nanoparticles (Ag) to improve the performance of LIBs. The aim of this research is to investigate the potential application of PSiNWs/Ag and NPSiP/Ag as anodes in LIBs and evaluate their performance in terms of specific capacity and Coulombic efficiency. The research methodology involves the preparation of PSiNWs and NPSiP using metal-assisted chemical etching and electrochemical etching techniques, respectively. The Ag nanoparticles are introduced onto the nanostructures through electrodissolution of the porous film and ultrasonic treatment. Galvanostatic charge/discharge measurements are conducted between 1 and 0.01 V to evaluate the specific capacity and Coulombic efficiency of both PSiNWs/Ag and NPSiP/Ag electrodes. The specific capacity of the PSiNWs/Ag electrode is approximately 1800 mA h g-1, with a Coulombic efficiency of 98.8% at the first charge/discharge cycle. On the other hand, the NPSiP/Ag electrode exhibits a specific capacity of 2600 mAh g-1. Both electrodes show a slight increase in capacity retention after 80 cycles, attributed to the high porosity and surface area of the nanostructures and the stabilization of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). This research highlights the potential of using modified silicon nanostructures as anodes for LIBs, which can pave the way for the development of more efficient lithium-ion batteries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porous%20silicon%20nanowires" title="porous silicon nanowires">porous silicon nanowires</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silicon%20nanoparticles" title=" silicon nanoparticles"> silicon nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lithium-ion%20batteries" title=" lithium-ion batteries"> lithium-ion batteries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=galvanostatic%20charge%2Fdischarge" title=" galvanostatic charge/discharge"> galvanostatic charge/discharge</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171753/an-anode-based-on-modified-silicon-nanostructured-for-lithium-ion-battery-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171753.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">64</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">838</span> Effect of the Tidal Charge Parameter on CMBR Temperature Anisotropies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Evariste%20Boj">Evariste Boj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jan%20Schee"> Jan Schee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We present the temperature anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation due to the inhomogeneity region constructed on a 3-brane in the framework of a Randall-Sundrum one brane immersed into a 5D bulk $AdS_5$ spacetime. We employ the Brane-World Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) cosmological model to describe the cosmic expansion on the brane. The inhomogeneity is modeled by the static, spherically symmetric spacetime that replaces the spherically symmetric part of a dust-filled universe and is connected to the FLRW spacetime through the junction conditions. As the vacuum region expands it induces an additional frequency shift to a CMBR photon passing through this inhomogeneity in comparison to the case of a photon propagating through a pure FLRW spacetime. This frequency shift is associated with the effective temperature change of the CMBR in the corresponding direction. We give an estimate of the CMBR effective temperature changes with the change of the value of the tidal charge parameter. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CMBR" title="CMBR">CMBR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Randall-Sundrum%20model" title=" Randall-Sundrum model"> Randall-Sundrum model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rees-Sciama%20effect" title=" Rees-Sciama effect"> Rees-Sciama effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Braneworld" title=" Braneworld"> Braneworld</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140418/effect-of-the-tidal-charge-parameter-on-cmbr-temperature-anisotropies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140418.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">214</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">837</span> 2D Titanium, Vanadium Carbide Mxene, and Polyaniline Heterostructures for Electrochemical Energy Storage</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayomide%20A.%20Sijuade">Ayomide A. Sijuade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nafiza%20Anjum"> Nafiza Anjum</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The rising demand to meet the need for clean and sustainable energy solutions has led the market to create effective energy storage technologies. In this study, we look at the possibility of using a heterostructure made of polyaniline (PANI), titanium carbide (Ti₃C₂), and vanadium carbide (V₂C) for energy storage devices. V₂C is a two-dimensional transition metal carbide with remarkable mechanical and electrical conductivity. Ti₃C2 has solid thermal conductivity and mechanical strength. PANI, on the other hand, is a conducting polymer with customizable electrical characteristics and environmental stability. Layer-by-layer assembly creates the heterostructure of V₂C, Ti₃C₂, and PANI, allowing for precise film thickness and interface quality control. Structural and morphological characterization is carried out using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. For energy storage applications, the heterostructure’s electrochemical performance is assessed. Electrochemical experiments, such as cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge tests, examine the heterostructure’s charge storage capacity, cycle stability, and rate performance. Comparing the heterostructure to the individual components reveals better energy storage capabilities. V₂C, Ti₃C₂, and PANI synergize to increase specific capacitance, boost charge storage, and prolong cycling stability. The heterostructure’s unique arrangement of 2D materials and conducting polymers promotes effective ion diffusion and charge transfer processes, improving the effectiveness of energy storage. The heterostructure also exhibits remarkable electrochemical stability, which minimizes capacity loss after repeated cycling. The longevity and long-term dependability of energy storage systems depend on this quality. By examining the potential of V₂C, Ti₃C₂, and PANI heterostructures, the results of this study expand energy storage technology. These materials’ specialized integration and design show potential for use in hybrid energy storage systems, lithium-ion batteries, and supercapacitors. Overall, the development of high-performance energy storage devices utilizing V₂C, Ti₃C₂, and PANI heterostructures is clarified by this research, opening the door to the realization of effective, long-lasting, and eco-friendly energy storage solutions to satisfy the demands of the modern world. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MXenes" title="MXenes">MXenes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20storage%20materials" title=" energy storage materials"> energy storage materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conductive%20polymers" title=" conductive polymers"> conductive polymers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composites" title=" composites"> composites</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183059/2d-titanium-vanadium-carbide-mxene-and-polyaniline-heterostructures-for-electrochemical-energy-storage" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183059.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">57</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">836</span> Study of Electrical Properties of An-Fl Based Organic Semiconducting Thin Film</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.G.%20S.%20Aldajani">A.G. S. Aldajani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Smida"> N. Smida</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20G.%20Althobaiti"> M. G. Althobaiti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Zaidi"> B. Zaidi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to exploit the good electrical properties of anthracene and the excellent properties of fluorescein, new hybrid material has been synthesized (An-Fl). Current-voltage measurements were done on a new single-layer ITO/An-FL/Al device of typically 100 nm thickness. Atypical diode behavior is observed with a turn-on voltage of 4.4 V, a dynamic resistance of 74.07 KΩ and a rectification ratio of 2.02 due to unbalanced transport. Results show also that the current-voltage characteristics present three different regimes of the power-law (J~Vᵐ) for which the conduction mechanism is well described with space-charge-limited current conduction mechanism (SCLC) with a charge carrier mobility of 2.38.10⁻⁵cm2V⁻¹S⁻¹. Moreover, the electrical transport properties of this device have been carried out using a dependent frequency study in the range (50 Hz–1.4 MHz) for different applied biases (from 0 to 6 V). At lower frequency, the σdc values increase with bias voltage rising, supporting that the mobile ion can hop successfully to its nearest vacant site. From σac and impedance measurements, the equivalent electrical circuit is evidenced, where the conductivity process is coherent with an exponential trap distribution caused by structural defects and/or chemical impurities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semiconducting%20polymer" title="semiconducting polymer">semiconducting polymer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conductivity" title=" conductivity"> conductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SCLC" title=" SCLC"> SCLC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impedance%20spectroscopy" title=" impedance spectroscopy"> impedance spectroscopy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145828/study-of-electrical-properties-of-an-fl-based-organic-semiconducting-thin-film" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145828.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">179</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">835</span> Occupational Exposure and Contamination to Antineoplastic Drugs of Healthcare Professionals in Mauritania</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Antoine%20Villa">Antoine Villa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moustapha%20Mohamedou"> Moustapha Mohamedou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Florence%20Pilliere"> Florence Pilliere</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Catherine%20Verdun-Esquer"> Catherine Verdun-Esquer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mathieu%20Molimard"> Mathieu Molimard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Sidatt%20Cheikh%20El%20Moustaph"> Mohamed Sidatt Cheikh El Moustaph</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mireille%20Canal-Raffin"> Mireille Canal-Raffin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Context: In Mauritania, the activity of the National Center of Oncology (NCO) has steadily risen leading to an increase in the handling of antineoplastic drugs (AD) by healthcare professionals. In this context, the AD contamination of those professionals is a major concern for occupational physicians. It has been evaluated using biological monitoring of occupational exposure (BMOE). Methods: The intervention took place in 2015, in 2 care units, and evaluated nurses preparing and/or infusing AD and agents in charge of hygiene. Participants provided a single urine sample, at the end of the week, at the end of their shift. Five molecules were sought using specific high sensitivity methods (UHPLC-MS/MS) with very low limits of quantification (LOQ) (cyclophosphamide (CP), Ifosfamide (IF), methotrexate (MTX): 2.5ng/L; doxorubicin (Doxo): 10ng/L; α-fluoro-β-alanine (FBAL, 5-FU metabolite): 20ng/L). A healthcare worker was considered as 'contaminated' when an AD was detected at a urine concentration equal to or greater than the LOQ of the analytical method or at trace concentration. Results: Twelve persons participated (6 nurses, 6 agents in charge of hygiene). Twelve urine samples were collected and analyzed. The percentage of contamination was 66.6% for all participants (n=8/12), 100% for nurses (6/6) and 33% for agents in charge of hygiene (2/6). In 62.5% (n=5/8) of the contaminated workers, two to four of the AD were detected in the urine. CP was found in the urine of all contaminated workers. FBAL was found in four, MTX in three and Doxo in one. Only IF was not detected. Urinary concentrations (all drugs combined) ranged from 3 to 844 ng/L for nurses and from 3 to 44 ng/L for agents in charge of hygiene. The median urinary concentrations were 87 ng/L, 15.1 ng/L and 4.4 ng/L for FBAL, CP and MTX, respectively. The Doxo urinary concentration was found 218ng/L. Discussion: There is no current biological exposure index for the interpretation of AD contamination. The contamination of these healthcare professionals is therefore established by the detection of one or more AD in urine. These urinary contaminations are higher than the LOQ of the analytical methods, which must be as low as possible. Given the danger of AD, the implementation of corrective measures is essential for the staff. Biological monitoring of occupational exposure is the most reliable process to identify groups at risk, tracing insufficiently controlled exposures and as an alarm signal. These results show the necessity to educate professionals about the risks of handling AD and/or to care for treated patients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antineoplastic%20drugs" title="antineoplastic drugs">antineoplastic drugs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mauritania" title=" Mauritania"> Mauritania</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20monitoring%20of%20occupational%20exposure" title=" biological monitoring of occupational exposure"> biological monitoring of occupational exposure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contamination" title=" contamination"> contamination</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95465/occupational-exposure-and-contamination-to-antineoplastic-drugs-of-healthcare-professionals-in-mauritania" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95465.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">316</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">834</span> Technical Assessment of Utilizing Electrical Variable Transmission Systems in Hybrid Electric Vehicles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majid%20Vafaeipour">Majid Vafaeipour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20El%20Baghdadi"> Mohamed El Baghdadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Florian%20Verbelen"> Florian Verbelen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Sergeant"> Peter Sergeant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joeri%20Van%20Mierlo"> Joeri Van Mierlo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kurt%20Stockman"> Kurt Stockman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omar%20Hegazy"> Omar Hegazy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Electrical Variable Transmission (EVT), an electromechanical device, can be considered as an alternative solution to the conventional transmission system utilized in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs). This study present comparisons in terms of fuel consumption, power split, and state of charge (SoC) of an HEV containing an EVT to a conventional parallel topology and a series topology. To this end, corresponding simulations of these topologies are all performed in presence of control strategies enabling battery charge-sustaining and efficient power split. The power flow through the components of the vehicle are attained, and fuel consumption results of the considered cases are compared. The investigation of the results indicates utilizing EVT can provide significant added values in HEV configurations. The outcome of the current research paves its path for implementation of design optimization approaches on such systems in further research directions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Electrical%20Variable%20Transmission%20%28EVT%29" title="Electrical Variable Transmission (EVT)">Electrical Variable Transmission (EVT)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hybrid%20Electric%20Vehicle%20%28HEV%29" title=" Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)"> Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parallel" title=" parallel"> parallel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=series" title=" series"> series</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modeling" title=" modeling"> modeling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91288/technical-assessment-of-utilizing-electrical-variable-transmission-systems-in-hybrid-electric-vehicles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91288.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">238</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">833</span> Construction and Cross-Linking of Polyelectrolyte Multilayers Based on Polysaccharides as Antifouling Coatings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wenfa%20Yu">Wenfa Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thuva%20Gnanasampanthan"> Thuva Gnanasampanthan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20Finlay"> John Finlay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jessica%20Clarke"> Jessica Clarke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Charlotte%20Anderson"> Charlotte Anderson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tony%20Clare"> Tony Clare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Axel%20Rosenhahn"> Axel Rosenhahn</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Marine biofouling is a worldwide problem at vast economic and ecological costs. Historically it was combated with toxic coatings such as tributyltin. As those coatings being banned nowadays, finding environmental friendly antifouling solution has become an urgent topic. In this study antifouling coatings consisted of natural occurring polysaccharides hyaluronic acid (HA), alginic acid (AA), chitosan (Ch) and polyelectrolyte polyethylenimine (PEI) are constructed into polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) in a Layer-by-Layer (LbL) method. LbL PEM construction is a straightforward way to assemble biomacromolecular coatings on surfaces. Advantages about PEM include ease of handling, highly diverse PEM composition, precise control over the thickness and so on. PEMs have been widely employed in medical application and there are numerous studies regarding their protein adsorption, elasticity and cell adhesive properties. With the adjustment of coating composition, termination layer charge, coating morphology and cross-linking method, it is possible to prepare low marine biofouling coatings with PEMs. In this study, using spin coating technology, PEM construction was achieved at smooth multilayers with roughness as low as 2nm rms and highly reproducible thickness around 50nm. To obtain stability in sea water, the multilayers were covalently cross-linked either thermally or chemically. The cross-linking method affected surface energy, which was reflected in water contact angle, thermal cross-linking led to hydrophobic surfaces and chemical cross-linking generated hydrophilic surfaces. The coatings were then evaluated regarding its protein resistance and biological species resistance. While the hydrophobic thermally cross-linked PEM had low resistance towards proteins, the resistance of chemically cross-linked PEM strongly depended on the PEM termination layer and the charge of the protein, opposite charge caused high adsorption and same charge low adsorption, indicating electrostatic interaction plays a crucial role in the protein adsorption processes. Ulva linza was chosen as the biological species for antifouling performance evaluation. Despite of the poor resistance towards protein adsorption, thermally cross-linked PEM showed good resistance against Ulva spores settlement, the chemically cross-linked multilayers showed poor resistance regardless of the termination layer. Marine species adhesion is a complex process, although it involves proteins as bioadhesives, protein resistance its own is not a fully indicator for its antifouling performance. The species will pre select the surface, responding to cues like surface energy, chemistry, or charge and so on. Thus making it difficult for one single factors to determine its antifouling performance. Preparing PEM coating is a comprehensive work involving choosing polyelectrolyte combination, determining termination layer and the method for cross-linking. These decisions will affect PEM properties such as surface energy, charge, which is crucial, since biofouling is a process responding to surface properties in a highly sensitive and dynamic way. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hyaluronic%20acid" title="hyaluronic acid">hyaluronic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyelectrolyte%20multilayers" title=" polyelectrolyte multilayers"> polyelectrolyte multilayers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protein%20resistance" title=" protein resistance"> protein resistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ulva%20linza%20zoospores" title=" Ulva linza zoospores"> Ulva linza zoospores</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105303/construction-and-cross-linking-of-polyelectrolyte-multilayers-based-on-polysaccharides-as-antifouling-coatings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105303.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">165</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">832</span> Direct Electrophoretic Deposition of Hierarchical Structured Electrode Supercapacitor Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jhen-Ting%20Huang">Jhen-Ting Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chia-Chia%20Chang"> Chia-Chia Chang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hu-Cheng%20Weng"> Hu-Cheng Weng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=An-Ya%20Lo"> An-Ya Lo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, Co3O4-CNT-Graphene composite electrode was deposited by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method, where micro polystyrene spheres (PSs) were added for co-deposition. Applied with heat treatment, a hierarchical porosity is left in the electrode which is beneficial for supercapacitor application. In terms of charge and discharge performance, we discussed the optimal CNT/Graphene ratio, macroporous ratio, and the effect of Co3O4 addition on electrode capacitance. For materials characterization, scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction, and BET were applied, while cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronopotentiometry (CP) measurements, and Ragone plot were applied as in-situ analyses. Based on this, the effects of PS amount on the structure, porosity and their effect on capacitance of the electrodes were investigated. Finally, the full device performance was examined with charge-discharge and electron impedance spectrum (EIS) methods. The results show that the EPD coating with hierarchical porosity was successfully demonstrated in this study. As a result, the capacitance was greatly enhanced by 2.6 times with the hierarchical structure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supercapacitor" title="supercapacitor">supercapacitor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocarbon%20tub" title=" nanocarbon tub"> nanocarbon tub</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphene" title=" graphene"> graphene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20oxide" title=" metal oxide"> metal oxide</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107788/direct-electrophoretic-deposition-of-hierarchical-structured-electrode-supercapacitor-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107788.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">139</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">831</span> Investigation of Doping of CdSe QDs in Organic Semiconductor for Solar Cell Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ganesh%20R.%20Bhand">Ganesh R. Bhand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20B.%20Chaure"> N. B. Chaure</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cadmium selenide (CdSe) quantum dots (QDs) were prepared by solvothermal route. Subsequently a inorganic QDs-organic semiconductor (copper phthalocyanine) nanocomposite (i.e CuPc:CdSe nanocomposites) were produced by different concentration of QDs varied in CuPc. The nanocomposite thin films have been prepared by means of spin coating technique. The optical, structural and morphological properties of nanocomposite films have been investigated. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the formation of QDs having average size of  4 nm. The X-ray diffraction pattern exhibits cubic crystal structure of CdSe with reflection to (111), (220) and (311) at 25.4ᵒ, 42.2ᵒ and 49.6ᵒ respectively. The additional peak observed at lower angle at 6.9ᵒ in nanocomposite thin films are associated to CuPc. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) observed that surface morphology varied in increasing concentration of CdSe QDs. The obtained nanocomposite show significant improvement in the thermal stability as compared to the pure CuPc indicated by thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) in thermograph. The effect in the Raman spectra of composites samples gives a confirm evidence of homogenous dispersion of CdSe in the CuPc matrix and their strong interaction between them to promotes charge transfer property. The success of reaction between composite was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The photo physical properties were studied using UV - visible spectroscopy. The enhancement of the optical absorption in visible region for nanocomposite layer was observed with increasing the concentration of CdSe in CuPc. This composite may obtain the maximized interface between QDs and polymer for efficient charge separation and enhance the charge transport. Such nanocomposite films for potential application in fabrication of hybrid solar cell with improved power conversion efficiency. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CdSe%20QDs" title="CdSe QDs">CdSe QDs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cupper%20phthalocyanine" title=" cupper phthalocyanine"> cupper phthalocyanine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FTIR" title=" FTIR"> FTIR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20absorption" title=" optical absorption"> optical absorption</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75785/investigation-of-doping-of-cdse-qds-in-organic-semiconductor-for-solar-cell-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75785.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">200</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">830</span> The Contribution of Shell Correction of Targets ²⁷₁₃Al,⁶³₂₉Cu,¹⁹⁷₇₉Au in the Calculation of Stopping Power of Charged Particles ¹H,⁴He,⁷Li,¹²C,¹⁶O for Speeds V≥V₀Z₁²/³</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Foul%20Sihem">Foul Sihem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chekirine%20Mamoun"> Chekirine Mamoun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sidoumou%20Mohamed"> Sidoumou Mohamed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The modified Bethe-Bloch formula depends on several corrective terms; the most important of these is undoubtedly the shell correction, especially for energies of a few MeV/u and whose contribution can exceed 10% of the stopping power. The charge state of the incident ions also influences this latter, particularly heavy ions at intermediates speeds 2Z₁V₀≥V≥V₀Z₁²/³. In the present work, we calculated the shell corrections of the targets ²⁷₁₃Al,⁶³₂₉Cu,¹⁹⁷₇₉Au, the effective charge and the stopping power of the ¹H,⁴He, ⁷Li,¹²C,¹⁶O ions by using the Bethe-Bloch formula at energies ranging from 1 to 100 MeV/ u. The stopping power values of the ¹H,⁴He, ⁷Li,¹²C,¹⁶O ions in the targets ²⁷₁₃Al,⁶³₂₉Cu,¹⁹⁷₇₉Au were compared to those generated by the SRIM- 2013, PSTAR, ASTAR, and MSTAR calculation codes. In this study, we found that the contribution of the shell corrections could reach 13% of stopping power, especially for medium and heavy targets at energies of a few MeV/u. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shell%20correction" title="shell correction">shell correction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stopping%20power" title=" stopping power"> stopping power</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modified%20Bethe-Bloch%20formula" title=" modified Bethe-Bloch formula"> modified Bethe-Bloch formula</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V%E2%89%A5V%E2%82%80Z%E2%82%81%C2%B2%2F%C2%B3" title=" V≥V₀Z₁²/³"> V≥V₀Z₁²/³</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C2%B9H" title=" ¹H"> ¹H</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%E2%81%B4He" title="⁴He">⁴He</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%E2%81%B7Li" title=" ⁷Li"> ⁷Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C2%B9%C2%B2C" title="¹²C">¹²C</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C2%B9%E2%81%B6O" title="¹⁶O">¹⁶O</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C2%B2%E2%81%B7%E2%82%81%E2%82%83Al" title=" ²⁷₁₃Al"> ²⁷₁₃Al</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%E2%81%B6%C2%B3%E2%82%82%E2%82%89Cu" title="⁶³₂₉Cu">⁶³₂₉Cu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C2%B9%E2%81%B9%E2%81%B7%E2%82%87%E2%82%89Au" title="¹⁹⁷₇₉Au">¹⁹⁷₇₉Au</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160945/the-contribution-of-shell-correction-of-targets-2713al6329cu19779au-in-the-calculation-of-stopping-power-of-charged-particles-1h4he7li12c16o-for-speeds-vv0z123" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160945.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">89</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">829</span> Enhanced Photocatalytic Activities of TiO2/Ag2O Heterojunction Nanotubes Arrays Obtained by Electrochemical Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Magdalena%20Diaka">Magdalena Diaka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pawe%C5%82%20Mazierski"> Paweł Mazierski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joanna%20%C5%BBebrowska"> Joanna Żebrowska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Micha%C5%82%20Winiarski"> Michał Winiarski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tomasz%20Klimczuk"> Tomasz Klimczuk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adriana%20Zaleska-Medynska"> Adriana Zaleska-Medynska</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> During the last years, TiO2 nanotubes have been widely studied due to their unique highly ordered array structure, unidirectional charge transfer and higher specific surface area compared to conventional TiO2 powder. These photoactive materials, in the form of thin layer, can be activated by low powered and low cost irradiation sources (such as LEDs) to remove VOCs, microorganism and to deodorize air streams. This is possible due to their directly growth on a support material and high surface area, which guarantee enhanced photon absorption together with an extensive adsorption of reactant molecules on the photocatalyst surface. TiO2 nanotubes exhibit also lots of other attractive properties, such as potential enhancement of electron percolation pathways, light conversion, and ion diffusion at the semiconductor-electrolyte interface. Pure TiO2 nanotubes were previously used to remove organic compounds from the gas phase as well as in water splitting reaction. The major factors limiting the use of TiO2 nanotubes, which have not been fully overcome, are their relatively large band gap (3-3,2 eV) and high recombination rate of photogenerated electron–hole pairs. Many different strategies were proposed to solve this problem, however titania nanostructures containing incorporated metal oxides like Ag2O shows very promising, new optical and photocatalytic properties. Unfortunately, there is still very limited number of reports regarding application of TiO2/MxOy nanostructures. In the present work, we prepared TiO2/Ag2O nanotubes obtained by anodization of Ti-Ag alloys containing 5, 10 and 15 wt. % Ag. Photocatalysts prepared in this way were characterized by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), luminescence spectroscopy and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The activities of new TiO2/Ag2O were examined by photocatalytic degradation of toluene in gas phase reaction and phenol in aqueous phase using 1000 W Xenon lamp (Oriel) and light emitting diodes (LED) as a irradiation sources. Additionally efficiency of bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) removal from the gas phase was estimated. The number of surviving bacteria was determined by the serial twofold dilution microtiter plate method, in Tryptic Soy Broth medium (TSB, GibcoBRL). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photocatalysis" title="photocatalysis">photocatalysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibacterial%20properties" title=" antibacterial properties"> antibacterial properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=titania%20nanotubes" title=" titania nanotubes"> titania nanotubes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=new%20TiO2%2FMxOy%20nanostructures" title=" new TiO2/MxOy nanostructures"> new TiO2/MxOy nanostructures</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41607/enhanced-photocatalytic-activities-of-tio2ag2o-heterojunction-nanotubes-arrays-obtained-by-electrochemical-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41607.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">293</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">828</span> Selection Effects on the Molecular and Abiotic Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abishek%20Rajkumar">Abishek Rajkumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Antibiotic resistance can occur naturally given the selective pressure placed on antibiotics. Within a large population of bacteria, there is a significant chance that some of those bacteria can develop resistance via mutations or genetic recombination. However, a growing public health concern has arisen over the fact that antibiotic resistance has increased significantly over the past few decades. This is because humans have been over-consuming and producing antibiotics, which has ultimately accelerated the antibiotic resistance seen in these bacteria. The product of all of this is an ongoing race between scientists and the bacteria as bacteria continue to develop resistance, which creates even more demand for an antibiotic that can still terminate the newly resistant strain of bacteria. This paper will focus on a myriad of aspects of antibiotic resistance in bacteria starting with how it occurs on a molecular level and then focusing on the antibiotic concentrations and how they affect the resistance and fitness seen in bacteria. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibiotic" title="antibiotic">antibiotic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular" title=" molecular"> molecular</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mutation" title=" mutation"> mutation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistance" title=" resistance"> resistance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66066/selection-effects-on-the-molecular-and-abiotic-evolution-of-antibiotic-resistance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66066.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">325</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Charge%20recombination&page=5" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Charge%20recombination&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Charge%20recombination&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Charge%20recombination&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Charge%20recombination&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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