CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134b95a9d4f9c65',cH: '419rFVaCj.FCW2Ub5GDbRDklJTCqcQKrS2m.myJKWNc-1739784262-1.2.1.1-pUdxFN.SdZOL79PSHFN.pnGDwzz0LRbGONqBmMhoL7jQe3Z8buTmN3nnrXsZW2zg',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=hypersonic&__cf_chl_tk=uQ_34wNyAKIKdl6SyALBE8mcveXR218KJo6KiwiZi5I-1739784262-1.0.1.1-hgn4b5dnPFXhgh_yHb7rqA.4QPw6sKABnbl1mR4lOFk",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739784262',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=hypersonic&__cf_chl_f_tk=uQ_34wNyAKIKdl6SyALBE8mcveXR218KJo6KiwiZi5I-1739784262-1.0.1.1-hgn4b5dnPFXhgh_yHb7rqA.4QPw6sKABnbl1mR4lOFk",md: "O2MOEwK4QPUg8mBJ7rb_D3IqdoJkfEULg_R2PWGXEyI-1739784262-1.2.1.1-Pa4s_BAaiehcKCAfIDAbuz822nnUetLNRyfssLQJUIX.D8p60iiox4c5SDgPlwqe2Kq0k_qes_bg79cf9I9aulBXvbA9FOSpf1F_CydJv9n2EOtPP0cLCOXRTjLhuQSEmUiObXcFqjpiDTSbGhsPYFQq4h5ZemYC31mQwp6UpiHM2lWileCssFLHZ.YTJx_EumbDW3MAdHqMTa8xK9yKf0ECv5zB8jKd4R6DkmKbXZwjkvZ7NN2viq39p2w05zFP8lfphV8g0dsw7OXklgs9L8sFQ10oCerCwgGdnjXSRi_e_5BdZMJNuqpXVttUv_06WtoXczxhw10t0bFxg1T7GmcX07NWRIxfxsq6TyLlvK8XcePHNHbE3ARjrnBHnBQlt7VDgNKjUrBvVsIuMNeHypWtzUvr3Og0QQj2uW9Vu423uRTjwU558h.Uyjx42w0l.scD.7yjWHwszw5.gFeCzdCU1WOnbukO6VeT8dFrLYO46.rpR9Yp6nI2Ewg4KPb6jmSkf2w_Hxiqz6HfqJhv_4C.A6hD0F_bl6Cj8haOW10C_G_uCVBOyZPbkNQM2eQLuyYa.I1Qi_k4y0bnHIeWpA1aKHPSFKYBWfYFgW95rYDIx99oySZtMJKbadCURec_lunpY16POzV32jzxy2Mx.KWLuVYaKeCL8CkH3ciEuTgvlC9loWnf8jJiddRMOtSYjNb_E10WYOIfURGRAEuYOJ21B1djo5nC5sD40srfuuipEISdN4L4LkOuyyD7eusfXlhyyBIwJOsHyYb62Jd12SkFBC8SLIzAc3mV2ZyTAKd_qbAdk4XVvgz5X._Q9VvhCckK2v2W5JPfqRnYlESXCTIhkf4ADUs8RgKXVVlj7Carlnnrj8ET6gfrp5PvKdav8NdJc9FcnAffBNw4ZX.2jUB81qCB117PMJ3LIsDWqrudkAJ7QEJxOkbc8Loju299rRbvu2GGRZmIlEbibnz49_oHc7LaodRaiTpA3MsaDq8GKgZjBFReaCT4li0MVDsM32kcvWF1Y55JnF67j0yColsvjVa32GGSc.rDQbtoG_j.SYyWqX9up_TJr1YMMz1xyqx4Q48fMNeDODVnwPQvXvJUF8bM.CAtK5U9I_03phzWRDoN.poCtu0Wl4L2YMSf_qYyf777zdQ5rMD6wH48h.4EHkpmXVC5xVILnHqqQa8ahpppqDSehcf9NrXndauX3sbUoLSIoT8ALZ4xslwtaLGcfY9ORQCQDLNHGBUnHijPoaQvwQAXvomui99iuw7BpHBokMERCA9Dn5SkDabHcff1mlxw_QAFZaaDymR_wg8vw5ZQBZZTajXXGSCPNlWVABD_2PFW8pznvCmucJXJleFd_64F_PuziraNEE2GmM9bLbUM9M3PRLxNXW_QuO_MHzFzbn4cQlHTyGpgEpGJ4b.GuIALqMAOOQPQxgmkKtU3.ONoM3tnPH9sAvJ.0HbRmB84SyfJDSnSbmB4eHKR5kiWhcHterCUaFDOy6sHx2cDj.Ic95.pUdIRNJonnUljKjGEU13h3h0RWoRWE2sgbLFwr9WJxgiQ950h07u6r_ncWnbUXrhONQEs10bo.r_h2fWw0z4zs_Oq3lF1QBwQMlfNppku3a5vp3Gd47HWz8u62Nj3OXmLFBkAodYsgvAw4ImOZrcklXdtacOT6naq9UfiFZWI2r3RXVuSOLw16oyo2UgTNUqsODbzZbVp4j41_oQeBj5WEEXQjuAOMMfQfoQZk4j1YCN3zKGouUugIZk5zz_RpK9dCeJht55hJ0bvL3Mm93nf9kc1ugKn9xICjh458SwYMkRSTa30dS5b32vqxSia8QJnUWPuEgCWZr0gxe0VMmJ7hJ1XShghXi829UdfaCKBod8a6cPVhaj7yRqYNronyevJtShaBdEI1RWGCS2jzOGLxLETrlOSBDkvZg",mdrd: "zyioPjWQ7mLk6M.H1.F8e8dBWImXdHa52Yoqyb2b2tY-1739784262-1.2.1.1-tduXAm0sW.m3fBhrJVFebFcq42ydheD1hA7fN7aOQ9ercAdAOZwU69qYnOmbfQs1bkOZi9FLZNshNxpxC0bWQ4_Hfh0W4uZkXZiZAhQ_ExiU5rkHmrg3bW4M5qr66y.XOIWHtJevLvRmfcQqJuGQBwsKwOgI76FxwHITo99Z5tgS4g0r5AP2tRZ62fzN2Jm.MBIz9oATyRAdrHuGVvEytHFZnvmDlYaRagYd.k9zSTFBbeFhaO45jMjhWTXNy5APuqtiLbqWFlKZbFAWFfMmH2G9D2k4xD3GGwsKnNCju73Nhur4blS_Um0wyxiav.MDJSCLTVJhVW44vUt.2_dd5Jn1JmN5bGZR.ZdXYayeWkRaJ8UvCeOjiXTIacZp7sobdvRvm.MZM1qMpb_DmssSIyTWUSUIPztvwhZL8KaxWAMoyOkwCW.MjY9.rPO2S5OvNv3OdKdRL8u7nHDw39fv1faWj7ZurAPcUziTmAA1vgKcWQQC7Ek1I109m66XvLXKkaDyIFwJ9DGyw_0Mr2RSUkt_TTQecMrZekdMd7Lu_L4t0w6UIDRY_NVB9WTIAyRrLuXlqvbpWPLxD5xv4mZgR5jZRJGFx0Ww280jOPAidFZSVcfUslxhxlupnBER3XzWdKB50L4ccnHiYR.qlPZheC70zPCcotqo5_YMXWWegP0_Sz60Fb58lERpSHOIAafVTDF9GtuqCsRaoJjpB8YlW3Rz4I1NZ7fbi94fdK_6K3w.FL3BUhkmHA0jelaeb0F3P1WilECIWq0J7_tBNoTpHUUYA20XLAh1aRoanoRa.6zqd_jdnfWR72pWsK8PAdfh3fhkrrrpyheG4KIP95VaA3AbajyP8dOyxF4pp5BPfNM4XNYuJIjjfmmdciri6dOOFoM9omwJ2Nc_JRuz.3fqAOWVHJ4DguT5Zh8RR7zQR6ZGEPJGaB0zBaFVlDaj2uEO90wvq7BWrK2pEBkCCH1aeN_KK5zjl7dGVk6u0KXLBeb2iPvdDhdxdaNEiYbhvG1EttVMMFHPj5WVf6Lto5zTVCCEyh3CSyDeMdPsSCwRSJp4zzx0h6vJlz6lVMfvH7RO1PIlApBvcrZAxD2oCtI_j4wSsUP7hZzTWyYvt26sz8ysMStKjRyCD6w5R.gLhH5S8vO4Pn7D4Q8l93vJBw0g5bqTWz9JDw3l.lFTNjlI09q11pravzSE0SBF03iYvpQhFlTl_tr6es2tJXqzMcV5nAB3we3ZR_yUao_3X3FfyXYcgH1NkII4EK63kMD6GZ7oD8koMK4eQu.yS6rlMfBivpnaDbaz.ENXiiyd4kj9.qT8yhA0L2DNXhfdzvwEi0RuYblScE6XEtP4mPm6m1F3ngsb19Lpz3MPwWtTDyDhAYwO0cqkO0J8pvW0UqQrnMIIV0RxeyNYBRzXOAWQTf_khggxGW2XKxeJn8hw1ZxSlgm8Z1jqxTmNEn9d1m2MpfVCYIsJ_dLUUfbx6P6EYL79Z1vZY8J3MVrIRZFEnk29i3.sWmFgzQ3UtbkXSaa0_UK3ctwXf6BbubmsS0e7_kUg4SB6u3Zjf4tuI4JthOlKqQkb56dkqFGCAMA45d0XvUisHAqCIVX0GCcv21VoayxSGowo1px_MqzvES3vomIt6SxJ9GkKlCZ15957wm.CkhaorGR1HlIB6eayX5bQy5tG1tdFLmzgkhMXMjllt9OUi429NHdqzaf7Hp6lKZyKZ38K6GJhQ6glMXHMxjtLvoXDom7ue_Phh7rDaq.3KxoBVi5aShP6sNFeO2g.abj4VcMbz3tInJY1mk9rpFbItv8e2UDoddU3DjBJbVsjhJtUYH9TLatbRJ9_BkWs121OxCbB0hz899fnAynZ9rAEijLzwpjpxSgqbTHn_Pb.rrHrPTRWuKLKhxQ8.SX0TyzNM7iNmnMjWIeLyTBgelb.2IolO36O6BSPUZPR6pG55QCa2ZT3w8ktFA3pR2yqBNiSHj.9c3Rm49Keer6ycuf_mJBCIw"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134b95a9d4f9c65';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=hypersonic&__cf_chl_rt_tk=uQ_34wNyAKIKdl6SyALBE8mcveXR218KJo6KiwiZi5I-1739784262-1.0.1.1-hgn4b5dnPFXhgh_yHb7rqA.4QPw6sKABnbl1mR4lOFk" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>