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Available in 69 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-69" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">69 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/.%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AE" title=".কম – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title=".কম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%88%D8%A7%D9%B9_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85" title="ڈاٹ کام – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ڈاٹ کام" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com" title=".com – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title=".com" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q159371#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/.com" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:.com" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/.com"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.com&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.com&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/.com"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.com&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.com&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/.com" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/.com" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.com&oldid=1275052238" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.com&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=.com&id=1275052238&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F.com"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F.com"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=.com&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=.com&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:.com" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q159371" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Internet top-level domain</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the generic top-level domain .com. For the file format, see <a href="/wiki/COM_file" title="COM file">COM file</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Com_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Com (disambiguation)">com (disambiguation)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dot-com_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Dot-com (disambiguation)">Dot-com (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">com</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DotCom.svg" class="mw-file-description" title=".com"><img alt=".com" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/DotCom.svg/250px-DotCom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/DotCom.svg/375px-DotCom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/DotCom.svg/500px-DotCom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2260" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Introduced</th><td class="infobox-data">January 1, 1985<span class="noprint">; 40 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1985-01-01</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Domain_name_registry" title="Domain name registry">Registry</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Verisign" title="Verisign">Verisign</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sponsor</th><td class="infobox-data">None</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Intended use</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Commerce" title="Commerce">Commercial</a> entities</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Actual use</th><td class="infobox-data">Used for general purposes and is widely regarded as the standard for TLDs</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Registration restrictions</th><td class="infobox-data">None</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Structure</th><td class="infobox-data">Registrations are conducted at second level.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Documents</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/RFC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RFC (identifier)">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc920">920</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/RFC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="RFC (identifier)">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1591">1591</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icann.org/tlds/agreements/verisign/com-index.htm">ICANN registry agreement</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dispute policies</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UDRP" class="mw-redirect" title="UDRP">UDRP</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/DNSSEC" class="mw-redirect" title="DNSSEC">DNSSEC</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Yes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Internationalized_domain_name" title="Internationalized domain name">IDN</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Yes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Registry website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://yourdot.com">yourdot<wbr />.com</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The domain <b>com</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Top-level_domain" title="Top-level domain">top-level domain</a> (TLD) in the <a href="/wiki/Domain_Name_System" title="Domain Name System">Domain Name System</a> (DNS) of the <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a>. Created in the first group of Internet domains in March of 1985, its name is derived from the word <i>commercial</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> indicating its original intended purpose for subdomains registered by commercial organizations. Later, the domain opened for general purposes. </p><p>The domain was originally administered by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">United States Department of Defense</a>, but is today operated by <a href="/wiki/Verisign" title="Verisign">Verisign</a>, and remains under ultimate jurisdiction of U.S. law.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>.com</i> domain is also more commonly used than the more specific <i><a href="/wiki/.us" title=".us">.us</a></i> by American businesses and enterprises.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Verisign registrations in the .com domain are processed via <a href="/wiki/Domain_name_registrar" title="Domain name registrar">registrars</a> accredited by <a href="/wiki/ICANN" title="ICANN">ICANN</a>. The registry accepts <a href="/wiki/Internationalized_domain_name" title="Internationalized domain name">internationalized domain names</a>. </p><p>The domain was one of the original TLDs of the Internet when the Domain Name System was implemented in January 1985, the others being <a href="/wiki/.edu" title=".edu">edu</a>, <a href="/wiki/.gov" title=".gov">gov</a>, <a href="/wiki/.mil" title=".mil">mil</a>, <a href="/wiki/.net" title=".net">net</a>, <a href="/wiki/.org" title=".org">org</a>, and <a href="/wiki/.int" title=".int">int</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has grown into the largest top-level domain,<sup id="cite_ref-vreport_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vreport-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has lent its name to the <a href="/wiki/Dot-com_bubble" title="Dot-com bubble">dot-com bubble</a>, the era of the late 1990s during which excessive speculation in Internet-related concepts and companies led to rapid growth in the use and adoption of the <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=.com&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The domain <i>com</i> was one of the first set of top-level domains when the Domain Name System was first implemented for the Internet on January 1, 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The domain was administered by the U.S. Department of Defense, but the department contracted the domain maintenance to <a href="/wiki/SRI_International" title="SRI International">SRI International</a>. SRI created DDN-NIC, also known as SRI-NIC, or simply <i>the NIC</i> (<a href="/wiki/Network_Information_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Network Information Center">Network Information Center</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> then accessible online with the domain name nic.ddn.mil. Beginning October 1, 1991, an operations contract was awarded to Government Systems Inc. (GSI), which sub-contracted it to <a href="/wiki/Network_Solutions" title="Network Solutions">Network Solutions</a> Inc. (NSI).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On January 1, 1993, the <a href="/wiki/National_Science_Foundation" title="National Science Foundation">National Science Foundation</a> assumed responsibility of maintenance, as com was primarily being used for non-defense interests. The NSF contracted operation to <a href="/wiki/Network_Solutions" title="Network Solutions">Network Solutions</a> (NSI). In 1995, the NSF authorized NSI to begin charging registrants an annual fee for the first time since the domain's inception. Initially, the fee was US$50 (equivalent to $100 in 2023) per year, with US$35 going to NSI, and US$15 going to a government fund. New registrations had to pay for the first two years, making the new-domain registration fee US$100. In 1997, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Commerce" title="United States Department of Commerce">United States Department of Commerce</a> assumed authority over these first seven generic TLDs. It is currently operated by Verisign, which had acquired Network Solutions. Verisign later spun off Network Solutions' non-registry functions into a separate company that continues as a registrar. In the <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English language</a>, the domain is often spelled with a leading period and commonly pronounced as <i>dot-com</i>, and has entered common parlance this way. </p><p>Although com domains were initially intended to designate commercial entities,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the domain has had no restrictions for eligible registrants since the mid-1990s. With the commercialization and popularization of the Internet, the domain was opened to the public and quickly became the most common top-level domain for <a href="/wiki/Website" title="Website">websites</a>, <a href="/wiki/Email" title="Email">email</a>, and networking. Many <a href="/wiki/Companies" class="mw-redirect" title="Companies">companies</a> that flourished in the period from 1997 to 2001—the time known as the "<a href="/wiki/Dot-com_bubble" title="Dot-com bubble">dot-com bubble</a>"—incorporated the label <i>com</i> into company names; these became known as dot-coms or <a href="/wiki/Dot-com_company" title="Dot-com company">dot-com companies</a>. The introduction of domain <a href="/wiki/.biz" title=".biz"><i>biz</i></a> in 2001, which was aimed at companies that failed to register a suitable com-domain name, intended to make customers realize that they had arrived at a legitimate business website, although it did not achieve widespread use.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although companies anywhere in the world can register <i>com</i> domains, many countries have a second-level domain with a similar purpose under their country code top-level domain (<a href="/wiki/CcTLD" class="mw-redirect" title="CcTLD">ccTLD</a>), such as Australia (com.au), China (com.cn), Greece (com.gr), Israel (co.il), India (co.in), Indonesia (co.id), Japan (co.jp), Mexico (com.mx), Nepal (.com.np), Pakistan (.com.pk), South Korea (co.kr), Sri Lanka (com.lk), United Kingdom (co.uk), and Vietnam (.com.vn). </p><p>Many non-commercial sites and networks use com names to benefit from the perceived recognizability of a com domain. However, the registration statistics show varying popularity over the years.<sup id="cite_ref-vreport_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vreport-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2011, Verisign reported that approximately 100 million com domains were registered.<sup id="cite_ref-201112_Monthly_Transaction_Report_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-201112_Monthly_Transaction_Report-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the Domain Name Industry Brief published in March 2020, which publishes every quarter, com domain registration totaled 145.4<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> million. As of March 2009, Verisign reported that 926 accredited registrars serve the domain.<sup id="cite_ref-201112_Monthly_Transaction_Report_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-201112_Monthly_Transaction_Report-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On November 29, 2012, the U.S. Department of Commerce approved the renewal of the com Registry Agreement between Verisign, Inc., and <a href="/wiki/ICANN" title="ICANN">ICANN</a>. Through this agreement, Verisign managed the com registry until November 30, 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_oldest_second-level_domains">List of oldest second-level domains</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=.com&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: List of oldest second-level domains"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following are the 100 oldest still-existing registered <i>com</i> domains.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_the_oldest_currently_registered_Internet_domain_names" title="List of the oldest currently registered Internet domain names">List of the oldest currently registered Internet domain names</a></div> <table class="wikitable" style="float:left"> <tbody><tr> <th>Rank</th> <th>Creation date</th> <th>Domain name </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>March 15, 1985</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Symbolics" title="Symbolics">symbolics.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td>April 24, 1985</td> <td><a href="/wiki/BBN_Technologies" class="mw-redirect" title="BBN Technologies">BBN.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td>May 24, 1985</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thinking_Machines_Corporation" title="Thinking Machines Corporation">think.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>July 11, 1985</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Microelectronics_and_Computer_Technology_Corporation" title="Microelectronics and Computer Technology Corporation">MCC.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td>September 30, 1985</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Digital_Equipment_Corporation" title="Digital Equipment Corporation">DEC.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td>November 7, 1985</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Corporation" title="Northrop Corporation">northrop.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td>January 9, 1986</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Xerox" title="Xerox">xerox.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td>January 17, 1986</td> <td><a href="/wiki/SRI_International" title="SRI International">SRI.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td>March 3, 1986</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hewlett-Packard" title="Hewlett-Packard">HP.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td>March 5, 1986</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bellcore" class="mw-redirect" title="Bellcore">bellcore.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td>March 19, 1986</td> <td><a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td>March 19, 1986</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">sun.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>13</td> <td>March 25, 1986</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">intel.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>13</td> <td>March 25, 1986</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas_Instruments" title="Texas Instruments">TI.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>15</td> <td>April 25, 1986</td> <td><a href="/wiki/AT%26T" title="AT&T">ATT.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>16</td> <td>May 8, 1986</td> <td><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_Research_Laboratories" title="General Motors Research Laboratories">GMR.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>16</td> <td>May 8, 1986</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tektronix" title="Tektronix">tek.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>18</td> <td>July 10, 1986</td> <td><a href="/wiki/FMC_Corporation" title="FMC Corporation">FMC.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>18</td> <td>July 10, 1986</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ungermann-Bass" title="Ungermann-Bass">UB.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>20</td> <td>August 5, 1986</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bell_Atlantic" class="mw-redirect" title="Bell Atlantic">bell-atl.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>20</td> <td>August 5, 1986</td> <td><a href="/wiki/General_Electric" title="General Electric">GE.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>20</td> <td>August 5, 1986</td> <td>grebyn.com </td></tr> <tr> <td>20</td> <td>August 5, 1986</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Interactive_Systems_Corporation" title="Interactive Systems Corporation">ISC.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>20</td> <td>August 5, 1986</td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Semiconductor" title="National Semiconductor">NSC.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>20</td> <td>August 5, 1986</td> <td>stargate.com </td></tr> <tr> <td>26</td> <td>September 2, 1986</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Boeing" title="Boeing">Boeing.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>27</td> <td>September 18, 1986</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interrupt_Technology_Corporation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Interrupt Technology Corporation (page does not exist)">ITCorp.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>28</td> <td>September 29, 1986</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Siemens" title="Siemens">siemens.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>29</td> <td>October 18, 1986</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pyramid_Technology" title="Pyramid Technology">pyramid.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>30</td> <td>October 27, 1986</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpha_Communications_Development_Corporation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alpha Communications Development Corporation (page does not exist)">alphaDC.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>30</td> <td>October 27, 1986</td> <td><a href="/wiki/BDM_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="BDM Corporation">BDM.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>30</td> <td>October 27, 1986</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fluke_Corporation" title="Fluke Corporation">fluke.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>30</td> <td>October 27, 1986</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Intermetrics" class="mw-redirect" title="Intermetrics">inmet.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>30</td> <td>October 27, 1986</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kesmai" title="Kesmai">kesmai.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>30</td> <td>October 27, 1986</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mentor_Graphics" title="Mentor Graphics">mentor.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>30</td> <td>October 27, 1986</td> <td><a href="/wiki/NEC_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="NEC Corporation">NEC.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>30</td> <td>October 27, 1986</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Raytheon" title="Raytheon">ray.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>30</td> <td>October 27, 1986</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rosemount_Inc." title="Rosemount Inc.">rosemount.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>30</td> <td>October 27, 1986</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vortex_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vortex Technology (page does not exist)">vortex.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>40</td> <td>November 5, 1986</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alcoa" title="Alcoa">alcoa.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>40</td> <td>November 5, 1986</td> <td><a href="/wiki/General_Telephone_and_Electronics" class="mw-redirect" title="General Telephone and Electronics">GTE.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>42</td> <td>November 17, 1986</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Adobe_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Adobe Systems">adobe.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>42</td> <td>November 17, 1986</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Micro_Devices" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced Micro Devices">AMD.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>42</td> <td>November 17, 1986</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=DA_Systems,_Inc.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DA Systems, Inc. (page does not exist)">DAS.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>42</td> <td>November 17, 1986</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Data_I/O_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Data I/O Corporation">data-IO.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>42</td> <td>November 17, 1986</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Octopus_Enterprises&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Octopus Enterprises (page does not exist)">octopus.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>42</td> <td>November 17, 1986</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal_Communications_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Portal Communications Company (page does not exist)">portal.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>42</td> <td>November 17, 1986</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Teltone_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Teltone Corporation">teltone.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>49</td> <td>December 11, 1986</td> <td><a href="/wiki/3Com_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="3Com Corporation">3Com.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>49</td> <td>December 11, 1986</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Amdahl_Corporation" title="Amdahl Corporation">amdahl.com</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="float:left"> <tbody><tr> <th>Rank</th> <th>Creation date</th> <th>Domain name </th></tr> <tr> <td>49</td> <td>December 11, 1986</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Concurrent_Computer_Corporation" title="Concurrent Computer Corporation">CCUR.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>49</td> <td>December 11, 1986</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cognition,_Inc.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cognition, Inc. (page does not exist)">CI.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>49</td> <td>December 11, 1986</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Convergent_Technologies_(Unisys)" class="mw-redirect" title="Convergent Technologies (Unisys)">convergent.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>49</td> <td>December 11, 1986</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Data_General" title="Data General">DG.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>49</td> <td>December 11, 1986</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peregrine_Systems" title="Peregrine Systems">peregrine.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>49</td> <td>December 11, 1986</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quadratron_Systems_Inc.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quadratron Systems Inc. (page does not exist)">quad.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>49</td> <td>December 11, 1986</td> <td><a href="/wiki/SoftQuad" class="mw-redirect" title="SoftQuad">SQ.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>49</td> <td>December 11, 1986</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tandy_Corporation" title="Tandy Corporation">tandy.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>49</td> <td>December 11, 1986</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=CitiCorp_TTI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CitiCorp TTI (page does not exist)">TTI.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>49</td> <td>December 11, 1986</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Unisys" title="Unisys">unisys.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>61</td> <td>January 19, 1987</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carnegie_Group_Inc.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carnegie Group Inc. (page does not exist)">CGI.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>61</td> <td>January 19, 1987</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crash_TimeSharing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crash TimeSharing (page does not exist)">CTS.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>61</td> <td>January 19, 1987</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=S.P._Dyer_Computer_Consulting&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S.P. Dyer Computer Consulting (page does not exist)">SPDCC.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>64</td> <td>February 19, 1987</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">apple.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>65</td> <td>March 4, 1987</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Network_Management_Associates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Network Management Associates (page does not exist)">NMA.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>65</td> <td>March 4, 1987</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Computer" title="Prime Computer">prime.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>67</td> <td>April 4, 1987</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Philips" title="Philips">philips.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>68</td> <td>April 23, 1987</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Datacube_Inc" class="mw-redirect" title="Datacube Inc">datacube.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>68</td> <td>April 23, 1987</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuck_and_Associates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuck and Associates (page does not exist)">KAI.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>68</td> <td>April 23, 1987</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Texas_Internet_Consulting&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Texas Internet Consulting (page does not exist)">TIC.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>68</td> <td>April 23, 1987</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vine_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vine Technology (page does not exist)">vine.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>72</td> <td>April 30, 1987</td> <td><a href="/wiki/NCR_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="NCR Corporation">NCR.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>73</td> <td>May 14, 1987</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cisco" title="Cisco">cisco.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>73</td> <td>May 14, 1987</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Research_Development_Laboratories&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Research Development Laboratories (page does not exist)">RDL.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>75</td> <td>May 20, 1987</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Schlumberger" title="Schlumberger">SLB.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>76</td> <td>May 27, 1987</td> <td><a href="/wiki/ParcPlace_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="ParcPlace Systems">parcplace.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>76</td> <td>May 27, 1987</td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Technologies_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="United Technologies Corporation">UTC.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>78</td> <td>June 26, 1987</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Interactive_Development_Environments" class="mw-redirect" title="Interactive Development Environments">IDE.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>79</td> <td>July 9, 1987</td> <td><a href="/wiki/TRW_Inc" class="mw-redirect" title="TRW Inc">TRW.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>80</td> <td>July 13, 1987</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unipress_Software&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unipress Software (page does not exist)">unipress.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>81</td> <td>July 27, 1987</td> <td><a href="/wiki/DuPont" title="DuPont">dupont.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>81</td> <td>July 27, 1987</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Corporation" title="Lockheed Corporation">lockheed.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>83</td> <td>July 28, 1987</td> <td>rosetta.com </td></tr> <tr> <td>84</td> <td>August 18, 1987</td> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Gilmore_(activist)" title="John Gilmore (activist)">toad.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>85</td> <td>August 31, 1987</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quicksilver_Engineering&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quicksilver Engineering (page does not exist)">quick.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>86</td> <td>September 3, 1987</td> <td><a href="/wiki/AlliedSignal" title="AlliedSignal">allied.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>86</td> <td>September 3, 1987</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Digital_Sound_Corporation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Digital Sound Corporation (page does not exist)">DSC.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>86</td> <td>September 3, 1987</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_Operation" title="Santa Cruz Operation">SCO.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>89</td> <td>September 22, 1987</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Genentech" title="Genentech">gene.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>89</td> <td>September 22, 1987</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=KC_Computer_Sciences&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KC Computer Sciences (page does not exist)">KCCS.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>89</td> <td>September 22, 1987</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spectragraphics_Corporation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spectragraphics Corporation (page does not exist)">spectra.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>89</td> <td>September 22, 1987</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=W.L._Kennedy_Jr._%26_Associates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="W.L. Kennedy Jr. & Associates (page does not exist)">WLK.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>93</td> <td>September 30, 1987</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mentat_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mentat (company)">mentat.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>94</td> <td>October 14, 1987</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wyse_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Wyse Technology">WYSE.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>95</td> <td>November 2, 1987</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caine,_Farber_%26_Gordon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caine, Farber & Gordon (page does not exist)">CFG.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>96</td> <td>November 9, 1987</td> <td>marble.com </td></tr> <tr> <td>97</td> <td>November 16, 1987</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Cayman Systems">cayman.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>97</td> <td>November 16, 1987</td> <td>entity.com </td></tr> <tr> <td>99</td> <td>November 24, 1987</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kendall_Square_Research" title="Kendall Square Research">KSR.com</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>100</td> <td>November 30, 1987</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=NYNEX_Science_%26_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NYNEX Science & Technology (page does not exist)">NYNEXST.com</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=.com&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_expensive_domain_names" title="List of most expensive domain names">List of most expensive domain names</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=.com&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPostelReynolds1984" class="citation cs1">Postel, J.; Reynolds, J.K. (October 1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc920#page-2"><i>RFC 920: Domain Requirements</i></a>. p. 2. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC0920">10.17487/RFC0920</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc920">920</a>. <q>COM = Commercial, any commercial related domains meeting the second level requirements.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=RFC+920%3A+Domain+Requirements&rft.pages=p.-2&rft.date=1984-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC0920&rft.aulast=Postel&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.au=Reynolds%2C+J.K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc920%26%23035%3Bpage-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A.com" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPottThomson2012" class="citation web cs1">Pott, Trevor; Thomson, Iain (March 1, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theregister.com/2012/03/01/bodog_shut_via_verisign/">"US shuts down Canadian gambling site with Verisign's help"</a>. <i>The Register</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Register&rft.atitle=US+shuts+down+Canadian+gambling+site+with+Verisign%27s+help&rft.date=2012-03-01&rft.aulast=Pott&rft.aufirst=Trevor&rft.au=Thomson%2C+Iain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theregister.com%2F2012%2F03%2F01%2Fbodog_shut_via_verisign%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A.com" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130227022135/http://www.pcworld.fr/internet/actualites%2Cus-noms-domaine%2C525651%2C1.htm">"Les ".com" peuvent être saisis par les autorités américaines"</a> (in French). PC World magazine. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pcworld.fr/internet/actualites,us-noms-domaine,525651,1.htm">the original</a> on February 27, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Les+%22.com%22+peuvent+%C3%AAtre+saisis+par+les+autorit%C3%A9s+am%C3%A9ricaines&rft.pub=PC+World+magazine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcworld.fr%2Finternet%2Factualites%2Cus-noms-domaine%2C525651%2C1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A.com" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaelin2012" class="citation web cs1">Kaelin, Lee (March 1, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.techspot.com/news/47634-no-need-for-sopa-verisign-seizes-bodogcom-for-us-authorities.html">"No need for SOPA, VeriSign seizes bodog.com for US authorities"</a>. <i>TechSpot</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TechSpot&rft.atitle=No+need+for+SOPA%2C+VeriSign+seizes+bodog.com+for+US+authorities&rft.date=2012-03-01&rft.aulast=Kaelin&rft.aufirst=Lee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.techspot.com%2Fnews%2F47634-no-need-for-sopa-verisign-seizes-bodogcom-for-us-authorities.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A.com" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ionos.co.uk/digitalguide/domains/domain-extensions/most-popular-domain-extensions/">"The Most Popular Domain Extensions | Top 10 TLDs"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ionos" title="Ionos">Ionos</a></i>. October 17, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230510164252/https://www.ionos.co.uk/digitalguide/domains/domain-extensions/most-popular-domain-extensions/">Archived</a> from the original on May 10, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 10,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ionos&rft.atitle=The+Most+Popular+Domain+Extensions+%7C+Top+10+TLDs&rft.date=2022-10-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ionos.co.uk%2Fdigitalguide%2Fdomains%2Fdomain-extensions%2Fmost-popular-domain-extensions%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A.com" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.icann.org/en/tlds/">"ICANN | Archives | Top-Level Domains (gTLDs)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ICANN+%26%23124%3B+Archives+%26%23124%3B+Top-Level+Domains+%28gTLDs%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.icann.org%2Fen%2Ftlds%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A.com" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vreport-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vreport_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vreport_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.verisign.com/en_US/domain-names/dnib/index.xhtml">"Domain Name Industry Brief (DNIB)"</a>. <i>Verisign</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 1,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IANA&rft.atitle=.com+Domain+Delegation+Data&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iana.org%2Fdomains%2Froot%2Fdb%2Fcom.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A.com" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSitzlerSmithMarine1992" class="citation cs1">Sitzler, Dana D.; Smith, Patricia G.; Marine, April N. (February 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1302#page-3"><i>Building a Network Information Services Infrastructure</i></a>. p. 3. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC1302">10.17487/RFC1302</a></span>. FYI 12. <a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1302">1302</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Building+a+Network+Information+Services+Infrastructure&rft.pages=p.-3&rft.date=1992-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC1302&rft.aulast=Sitzler&rft.aufirst=Dana+D.&rft.au=Smith%2C+Patricia+G.&rft.au=Marine%2C+April+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc1302%26%23035%3Bpage-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A.com" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNIC@NIC.DDN.MIL1991" class="citation newsgroup cs1">NIC@NIC.DDN.MIL (September 25, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719235142/http://mx1.merit.edu/mail.archives/mjts/1991-09/msg00009.html">"SRI-NIC services moving"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Usenet_newsgroup" title="Usenet newsgroup">Newsgroup</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="news:ddn.mgt-bulletin">ddn.mgt-bulletin</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mx1.merit.edu/mail.archives/mjts/1991-09/msg00009.html">the original</a> on July 19, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SRI-NIC+services+moving&rft.pub=ddn.mgt-bulletin&rft.date=1991-09-25&rft.au=NIC%40NIC.DDN.MIL&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmx1.merit.edu%2Fmail.archives%2Fmjts%2F1991-09%2Fmsg00009.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A.com" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJon_Postel1994" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jon_Postel" title="Jon Postel">Jon Postel</a> (March 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1591#page-2"><i>RFC 1591 Domain Name System Structure and Delegation</i></a>. p. 2. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17487%2FRFC1591">10.17487/RFC1591</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Request_for_Comments" title="Request for Comments">RFC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1591">1591</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=RFC+1591+Domain+Name+System+Structure+and+Delegation&rft.pages=p.-2&rft.date=1994-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17487%2FRFC1591&rft.au=Jon+Postel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatracker.ietf.org%2Fdoc%2Fhtml%2Frfc1591%26%23035%3Bpage-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A.com" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.namecheap.com/blog/difference-between-com-net-org-co-biz-dp/">"Introducing .COM, .ORG, .NET, .BIZ, & .COMDomains"</a>. November 17, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Introducing+.COM%2C+.ORG%2C+.NET%2C+.BIZ%2C+%26+.COMDomains&rft.date=2020-11-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.namecheap.com%2Fblog%2Fdifference-between-com-net-org-co-biz-dp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A.com" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-201112_Monthly_Transaction_Report-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-201112_Monthly_Transaction_Report_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-201112_Monthly_Transaction_Report_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130520152958/http://www.icann.org/en/resources/registries/reports/com/com-transactions-dec11-en.csv">".com Monthly Transaction Report"</a>. <i>icann.org</i>. December 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icann.org/en/resources/registries/reports/com/com-transactions-dec11-en.csv">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(CSV)</span> on May 20, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=icann.org&rft.atitle=.com+Monthly+Transaction+Report&rft.date=2011-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icann.org%2Fen%2Fresources%2Fregistries%2Freports%2Fcom%2Fcom-transactions-dec11-en.csv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A.com" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.verisign.com/assets/domain-name-report-Q42019.pdf">"Executive Summary"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Domain Name Industry Brief</i>. <b>17</b> (1). <a href="/wiki/Verisign" title="Verisign">Verisign</a>: 2. March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Domain+Name+Industry+Brief&rft.atitle=Executive+Summary&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=2&rft.date=2020-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.verisign.com%2Fassets%2Fdomain-name-report-Q42019.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A.com" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121203050559/http://www.ntia.doc.gov/press-release/2012/department-commerce-approves-verisign-icann-com-registry-renewal-agreement">"Department of Commerce Approves Verisign-ICANN .com Registry Renewal Agreement"</a>. <i>ntia.doc.gov</i> (Press release). November 30, 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ntia.doc.gov/press-release/2012/department-commerce-approves-verisign-icann-com-registry-renewal-agreement">the original</a> on December 3, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Department+of+Commerce+Approves+Verisign-ICANN+.com+Registry+Renewal+Agreement&rft.date=2012-11-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ntia.doc.gov%2Fpress-release%2F2012%2Fdepartment-commerce-approves-verisign-icann-com-registry-renewal-agreement&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A.com" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131014053612/http://www.iwhois.com/oldest/">"100 oldest .com domains"</a>. iWhois.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iwhois.com/oldest/">the original</a> on October 14, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 10,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=100+oldest+.com+domains&rft.pub=iWhois.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iwhois.com%2Foldest%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A.com" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=.com&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iana.org/root-whois/com.htm">IANA .com whois information</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.verisigninc.com/en_US/products-and-services/domain-name-services/find-registrar/index.xhtml">List of .com accredited registrars</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.verisigninc.com/en_US/products-and-services/domain-name-services/whois/index.xhtml">.com WhoIS</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.icann.org/resources/agreement/com-2012-12-01-en">.com Registry Agreement</a> at <a href="/wiki/ICANN" title="ICANN">ICANN</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.0em"><a href="/wiki/Generic_top-level_domain" title="Generic top-level domain">General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.bar" title=".bar">.bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.biz" title=".biz">.biz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.blog" title=".blog">.blog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.cam" class="mw-redirect" title=".cam">.cam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.cloud" title=".cloud">.cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.club" title=".club">.club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.college" title=".college">.college</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.fun" title=".fun">.fun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.gay" title=".gay">.gay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.gdn" title=".gdn">.gdn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.global" title=".global">.global</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.guru" title=".guru">.guru</a></li> <li><a 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id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>69 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div 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