CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Cilician Gates - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"266a4e72-4506-492e-90d4-80094d57a07e","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Cilician_Gates","wgTitle":"Cilician Gates","wgCurRevisionId":1225262609,"wgRevisionId":1225262609,"wgArticleId":596794,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","CS1 Turkish-language sources (tr)","All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from February 2024","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Coordinates on Wikidata","Webarchive template wayback links","Geography of ancient Cappadocia","Geography of ancient Cilicia","Mountain passes of Turkey","Landforms of Mersin Province","History of Mersin Province"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en" ,"wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Cilician_Gates","wgRelevantArticleId":596794,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":6000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":37.28527777777778,"lon":34.78611111111111},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId" :"Q128884","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","mediawiki.action.styles":"ready","mediawiki.interface.helpers.styles":"ready","mediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles":"ready","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=[ "ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.action.styles%7Cmediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles%7Cmediawiki.interface.helpers.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow,max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Puertas_Cil%C3%ADcias.jpg/1200px-Puertas_Cil%C3%ADcias.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="900"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Puertas_Cil%C3%ADcias.jpg/800px-Puertas_Cil%C3%ADcias.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="600"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Puertas_Cil%C3%ADcias.jpg/640px-Puertas_Cil%C3%ADcias.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="480"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Cilician Gates - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cilician_Gates"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Cilician_Gates&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cilician_Gates"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Cilician_Gates rootpage-Cilician_Gates skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Cilician+Gates&returntoquery=oldid%3D1225262609" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Cilician+Gates&returntoquery=oldid%3D1225262609" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Cilician+Gates&returntoquery=oldid%3D1225262609" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Cilician+Gates&returntoquery=oldid%3D1225262609" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cilician Gates</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 31 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">31 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="بوابات قيليقية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بوابات قيليقية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilikiya_qap%C4%B1lar%C4%B1" title="Kilikiya qapıları – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kilikiya qapıları" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Киликийска порта – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Киликийска порта" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porta_del_Ferro" title="Porta del Ferro – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Porta del Ferro" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilikische_Pforte" title="Kilikische Pforte – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kilikische Pforte" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%B5%CF%82_%CE%A0%CF%8D%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Κιλίκιες Πύλες – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κιλίκιες Πύλες" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puertas_Cilicias" title="Puertas Cilicias – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Puertas Cilicias" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilikia_pordo" title="Kilikia pordo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kilikia pordo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziliziar_Ateak" title="Ziliziar Ateak – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ziliziar Ateak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%87" title="دروازه‌های کیلیکیه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دروازه‌های کیلیکیه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portes_de_Cilicie" title="Portes de Cilicie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Portes de Cilicie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portas_de_Cilicia" title="Portas de Cilicia – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Portas de Cilicia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%A4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Կիլիկիայի դարպասներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կիլիկիայի դարպասներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerbang_Kilikia" title="Gerbang Kilikia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gerbang Kilikia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porte_della_Cilicia" title="Porte della Cilicia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Porte della Cilicia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%94" title="שערי קיליקיה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שערי קיליקיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="კილიკიის კარი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კილიკიის კარი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilikijos_Vartai" title="Kilikijos Vartai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kilikijos Vartai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="सिलिसियाचे द्वार – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सिलिसियाचे द्वार" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_kilikiske_portene" title="De kilikiske portene – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="De kilikiske portene" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dei_kilikiske_portane" title="Dei kilikiske portane – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Dei kilikiske portane" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilikiya_darvozasi" title="Kilikiya darvozasi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kilikiya darvozasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brama_Cylicyjska" title="Brama Cylicyjska – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Brama Cylicyjska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portas_da_Cil%C3%ADcia" title="Portas da Cilícia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Portas da Cilícia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Por%C8%9Bile_Ciliciene" title="Porțile Ciliciene – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Porțile Ciliciene" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Киликийские Ворота – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Киликийские Ворота" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilikijska_vrata" title="Kilikijska vrata – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kilikijska vrata" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="சிலிசிய வாயில்கள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சிலிசிய வாயில்கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BClek_Bo%C4%9Faz%C4%B1" title="Gülek Boğazı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gülek Boğazı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Кілікійські ворота – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кілікійські ворота" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E9%87%8C%E4%B9%9E%E4%BA%9A%E5%B1%B1%E5%8F%A3" title="奇里乞亚山口 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="奇里乞亚山口" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q128884#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cilician_Gates" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Cilician_Gates" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cilician_Gates"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cilician_Gates&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cilician_Gates&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cilician_Gates"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cilician_Gates&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cilician_Gates&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Cilician_Gates" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Cilician_Gates" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cilician_Gates&oldid=1225262609" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cilician_Gates&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Cilician_Gates&id=1225262609&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DCilician_Gates%26oldid%3D1225262609"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DCilician_Gates%26oldid%3D1225262609"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Cilician_Gates&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cilician_Gates&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cilician_Gates" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q128884" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Cilician_Gates&params=37_17_07_N_34_47_10_E_type:pass_region:TR_scale:50000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°17′07″N</span> <span class="longitude">34°47′10″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.28528°N 34.78611°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">37.28528; 34.78611</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><div class="cdx-message cdx-message--block cdx-message--warning mw-revision"><span class="cdx-message__icon"></span><div class="cdx-message__content"><div id="mw-revision-info-current"><p><b>This is the <a href="/wiki/Help:Page_history" title="Help:Page history">current revision</a> of this page, as edited by <span id="mw-revision-name"><a href="/wiki/User:Mariamnei" class="mw-userlink" title="User:Mariamnei" data-mw-revid="1225262609"><bdi>Mariamnei</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Mariamnei" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:Mariamnei">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Mariamnei" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/Mariamnei">contribs</a>)</span></span> at <span id="mw-revision-date">10:46, 23 May 2024</span><span id="mw-revision-summary"> <span class="comment">(Connections)</span></span>. The present address (URL) is a <a href="/wiki/Help:Permanent_link" title="Help:Permanent link">permanent link</a> to this version.</b></p><div id="revision-info-current-plain" style="display: none;">Revision as of 10:46, 23 May 2024 by <a href="/wiki/User:Mariamnei" class="mw-userlink" title="User:Mariamnei" data-mw-revid="1225262609"><bdi>Mariamnei</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Mariamnei" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:Mariamnei">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Mariamnei" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/Mariamnei">contribs</a>)</span> <span class="comment">(Connections)</span></div></div><div id="mw-revision-nav">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Cilician_Gates&diff=prev&oldid=1225262609" title="Cilician Gates">diff</a>) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cilician_Gates&direction=prev&oldid=1225262609" title="Cilician Gates">← Previous revision</a> | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)</div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Pass through the Taurus Mountains</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:24.5em; line-height:1.5em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color: #e7dcc3;">Cilician Gates</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">Gülek Boğazı</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Puertas_Cil%C3%ADcias.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Puertas_Cil%C3%ADcias.jpg/280px-Puertas_Cil%C3%ADcias.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Puertas_Cil%C3%ADcias.jpg/420px-Puertas_Cil%C3%ADcias.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Puertas_Cil%C3%ADcias.jpg/560px-Puertas_Cil%C3%ADcias.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Gülek Pass</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Summit_(topography)" class="mw-redirect" title="Summit (topography)">Elevation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1,050 m (3,445 ft)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Traversed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/O21-TR_sign.svg/59px-O21-TR_sign.svg.png" decoding="async" width="59" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/O21-TR_sign.svg/88px-O21-TR_sign.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/O21-TR_sign.svg/118px-O21-TR_sign.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1220" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/E90-TR.svg/74px-E90-TR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="74" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/E90-TR.svg/110px-E90-TR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/E90-TR.svg/147px-E90-TR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1220" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Otoyol_21" title="Otoyol 21">O-21</a> / <a href="/wiki/European_route_E90" title="European route E90">E90</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Mersin_Province" title="Mersin Province">Mersin Province</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Mountain_range" title="Mountain range">Range</a></th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Taurus_Mountains" title="Taurus Mountains">Taurus Mountains</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Cilician_Gates&params=37_17_07_N_34_47_10_E_type:pass_region:TR_scale:50000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°17′07″N</span> <span class="longitude">34°47′10″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.28528°N 34.78611°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">37.28528; 34.78611</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:272px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:272px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:272px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Turkey_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cilician Gates is located in Turkey"><img alt="Cilician Gates is located in Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Turkey_relief_location_map.jpg/272px-Turkey_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="272" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Turkey_relief_location_map.jpg/408px-Turkey_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Turkey_relief_location_map.jpg/544px-Turkey_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1579" data-file-height="677" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:74.496%;left:47.888%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Cilician Gates"><img alt="Cilician Gates" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div>Cilician Gates</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Cilician Gates</b> or <b>Gülek Pass</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Mountain_pass" title="Mountain pass">pass</a> through the <a href="/wiki/Taurus_Mountains" title="Taurus Mountains">Taurus Mountains</a> connecting the low plains of <a href="/wiki/Cilicia" title="Cilicia">Cilicia</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Anatolia#Central_Plateau" title="Anatolia">Anatolian Plateau</a>, by way of the narrow gorge of the Gökoluk River. Its highest elevation is about 1000m.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Cilician Gates have been a major commercial and military artery for millennia.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the early 20th century, a narrow-gauge railway was built through them, and today, the Tarsus-Ankara Highway (<a href="/wiki/European_route_E90" title="European route E90">E90</a>, <a href="/wiki/Otoyol_21" title="Otoyol 21">O-21</a>) passes through them. </p><p>The southern end of the Cilician gates is about 44 km north of <a href="/wiki/Tarsus,_Mersin" title="Tarsus, Mersin">Tarsus</a> and the northern end leads to <a href="/wiki/Cappadocia" title="Cappadocia">Cappadocia</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cilician_Gates&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Yumuktepe" title="Yumuktepe">Yumuktepe</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Mersin" title="Mersin">Mersin</a>), which guards the <a href="/wiki/Adana" title="Adana">Adana</a> side of the gateway, with 23 layers of occupation, is at 4,500 BCE, one of the oldest fortified settlements in the world. The ancient pathway was a track for mule caravans, not wheeled vehicles. The <a href="/wiki/Hittites" title="Hittites">Hittites</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Greeks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Romans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sasanians" class="mw-redirect" title="Sasanians">Sasanians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Crusaders" class="mw-redirect" title="Crusaders">Crusaders</a> of the <a href="/wiki/First_Crusade" title="First Crusade">First Crusade</a> have all traveled this route during their campaigns. The Bible testifies that Saint <a href="/wiki/Paul_of_Tarsus" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul of Tarsus">Paul of Tarsus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Silas" title="Silas">Silas</a> went this way as they went through Syria and Cilicia. The Book of <a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Galatians" title="Epistle to the Galatians">Galatians</a> speaks of the cities of <a href="/wiki/Derbe" title="Derbe">Derbe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lystra" title="Lystra">Lystra</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Iconium" class="mw-redirect" title="Iconium">Iconium</a> - cities visited by Paul on his first journey (Acts 14; Gal. 1:2), with the purpose of strengthening their churches, at the beginning of the second preaching journey (Acts 15:40-41). </p><p>The distance from the Anatolian plateau to the Cilician plain is about 110 kilometres (68 mi). In ancient times, this was a journey of nearly five days. Saint Paul spoke, according to the Bible, about being in "dangers from rivers" and "dangers from robbers" (2 Cor. 11:26). This may explain why one of the world's oldest fortresses was built at the southeastern end of the Cilician Gates around 4500 BCE. The <a href="/wiki/Ten_Thousand_(Greek)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ten Thousand (Greek)">Army of the Ten Thousand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a> before the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Issus" title="Battle of Issus">Battle of Issus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_of_Tarsus" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul of Tarsus">Paul of Tarsus</a> on his way to the <a href="/wiki/Galatia" title="Galatia">Galatians</a>, and part of the army of the <a href="/wiki/First_Crusade" title="First Crusade">First Crusade</a> all passed through the Cilician Gates. The Crusaders allied themselves with the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Kingdom_of_Cilicia" title="Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia">Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Above the Gates to the southwest is <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BClek" title="Gülek">Gülek</a> Kalesi (Armenian: <b>Kuklak</b>; Arab: <b>Kawlāk</b>), a large fortification of considerable antiquity that retains evidence of Byzantine and Arab periods of occupation, but is primarily an Armenian construction of the 12th and 13th centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-edwards_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-edwards-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its circuit walls and towers at the south and west cover a distance of over 450 meters. Below the Cilician Gates is the medieval Armenian fortress of Anahşa with its large horseshoe-shaped towers and three entrances.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also in the vicinity of the Gates is a fort built in the 1830s by <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Pasha_of_Egypt" title="Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt">Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt</a> during his Syrian campaign against the Ottomans.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When German engineers were working on the <a href="/wiki/Baghdad_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Baghdad Railway">Baghdad Railway</a> between <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a>, they were unable to follow the steep-pitched, narrow, and tightly winding ancient track through the Gates. The series of <a href="/wiki/Viaducts" class="mw-redirect" title="Viaducts">viaducts</a> and tunnels they built are among the marvels of railroad engineering;<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> this route actually follows an ancient secondary road southeast from Pozantı, below Anahşa Dağı with its medieval Armenian fortress.<sup id="cite_ref-edwards_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-edwards-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The railroad was opened in 1918; the <a href="/wiki/Narrow_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Narrow gauge">narrow-gauge</a> working line moved <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> troops and war material to the <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamian</a> front in the closing months of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cilician_Gates&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Cilician_Gates" title="Battle of the Cilician Gates">Battle of the Cilician Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cilicia" title="Cilicia">Cilicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cilicia_(satrapy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cilicia (satrapy)">Cilicia (satrapy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BClek" title="Gülek">Gülek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caspian_Gates" class="mw-redirect" title="Caspian Gates">Caspian Gates</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cilician_Gates&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mersin.sehirrehberi.web.tr/Default.asp?id=2">"Mersin-Coğrafya"</a> (in Turkish). Mersin Şehir Rehberi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 1,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mersin-Co%C4%9Frafya&rft.pub=Mersin+%C5%9Eehir+Rehberi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mersin.sehirrehberi.web.tr%2FDefault.asp%3Fid%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACilician+Gates" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged February 2024">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">W.L. Williams, <i>Armenia</i>, p. 8-11, quoted in <a href="/wiki/Josephus_Nelson_Larned" title="Josephus Nelson Larned">Josephus Nelson Larned</a>, <i>The new Larned History for ready reference, reading and research</i> <i>s.v.</i> "Armenia" <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fTcFAAAAIAAJ">full text</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">William Mitchell Ramsay, <i>The historical geography of Asia Minor</i>, 1890, <i>passim</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y0sZAAAAYAAJ">full text</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGhazarian2000" class="citation book cs1">Ghazarian, Jacob G. (2000). <i>The Armenian Kingdom in Cilicia During the Crusades: The Integration of Cilician Armenians with the Latins, 1080-1393</i>. Routledge. p. 122. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7007-1418-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-7007-1418-9"><bdi>0-7007-1418-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Armenian+Kingdom+in+Cilicia+During+the+Crusades%3A+The+Integration+of+Cilician+Armenians+with+the+Latins%2C+1080-1393&rft.pages=122&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-7007-1418-9&rft.aulast=Ghazarian&rft.aufirst=Jacob+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACilician+Gates" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-edwards-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-edwards_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-edwards_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdwards1987" class="citation book cs1">Edwards, Robert W. (1987). <i>The Fortifications of Armenian Cilicia: Dumbarton Oaks Studies XXIII</i>. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks, Trustees for Harvard University. pp. 62–65, 139–142, 281, 283, pls.6a-8b, 91a–94a. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88402-163-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-88402-163-7"><bdi>0-88402-163-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Fortifications+of+Armenian+Cilicia%3A+Dumbarton+Oaks+Studies+XXIII&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pages=62-65%2C+139-142%2C+281%2C+283%2C+pls.6a-8b%2C+91a-94a&rft.pub=Dumbarton+Oaks%2C+Trustees+for+Harvard+University&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0-88402-163-7&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=Robert+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACilician+Gates" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The 1979 photographic survey and a plan of Anahşa castle <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://charlvarchive.org/Site/80">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">M. Canard, “Cilicia,” <i>The Encyclopaedia of Islam,</i> new edition, 1960–85, p.38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.trainsofturkey.com/w/pmwiki.php/Network/CilicianGates">"Trains of Turkey | Network / CilicianGates"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Trains+of+Turkey+%26%23124%3B+Network+%2F+CilicianGates&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.trainsofturkey.com%2Fw%2Fpmwiki.php%2FNetwork%2FCilicianGates&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACilician+Gates" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Turkey&#124;link=Turkey_Mersin_Province" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mersin_Province" title="Template:Mersin Province"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mersin_Province" title="Template talk:Mersin Province"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mersin_Province" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mersin Province"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Turkey&#124;link=Turkey_Mersin_Province" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey"><img alt="Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mersin_Province" title="Mersin Province">Mersin Province</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Settlements" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Settlements</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Center city</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mersin" title="Mersin">Mersin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Districts <br />(İlçe)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akdeniz,_Mersin" title="Akdeniz, Mersin">Akdeniz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mezitli" title="Mezitli">Mezitli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toroslar" title="Toroslar">Toroslar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeni%C5%9Fehir,_Mersin" title="Yenişehir, Mersin">Yenişehir</a></li></ul> <dl><dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anamur" title="Anamur">Anamur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayd%C4%B1nc%C4%B1k,_Mersin" title="Aydıncık, Mersin">Aydıncık</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bozyaz%C4%B1" title="Bozyazı">Bozyazı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87aml%C4%B1yayla" title="Çamlıyayla">Çamlıyayla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erdemli" title="Erdemli">Erdemli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BClnar" title="Gülnar">Gülnar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mut,_Mersin" title="Mut, Mersin">Mut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silifke" title="Silifke">Silifke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarsus,_Mersin" title="Tarsus, Mersin">Tarsus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">All settlements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_populated_places_in_Mersin_Province" title="List of populated places in Mersin Province">List of populated places in Mersin Province </a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Culture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Culture</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Universities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mersin_University" title="Mersin University">Mersin University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87a%C4%9F_University" title="Çağ University">Çağ University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarsus_University" title="Tarsus University">Tarsus University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toros_University" title="Toros University">Toros University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_East_Technical_University_Institute_of_Marine_Sciences" title="Middle East Technical University Institute of Marine Sciences">Middle East Technical University Institute of Marine Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alata_Research_Institute_of_Horticulture" title="Alata Research Institute of Horticulture">Alata Research Institute of Horticulture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Museums etc.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anamur_Museum" title="Anamur Museum">Anamur Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arslan_Eyce_Private_Amphora_Museum" title="Arslan Eyce Private Amphora Museum">Arslan Eyce Private Amphora Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erdemli_Y%C3%B6r%C3%BCk_Museum" title="Erdemli Yörük Museum">Erdemli Yörük Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirler_Archaeological_Site_and_City_Forest_Museum" title="Emirler Archaeological Site and City Forest Museum">Emirler Archaeological Site and City Forest Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6zl%C3%BCkule_Research_Center" title="Gözlükule Research Center">Gözlükule Research Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mersin_Archaeological_Museum" title="Mersin Archaeological Museum">Mersin Archaeological Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mersin_Atat%C3%BCrk_Museum" title="Mersin Atatürk Museum">Mersin Atatürk Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mersin_Museum" title="Mersin Museum">Mersin Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mersin_Naval_Museum" title="Mersin Naval Museum">Mersin Naval Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mersin_State_Art_and_Sculpture_Museum" title="Mersin State Art and Sculpture Museum">Mersin State Art and Sculpture Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mersin_Urban_History_Museum" title="Mersin Urban History Museum">Mersin Urban History Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mersin_Water_Museum" title="Mersin Water Museum">Mersin Water Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narl%C4%B1kuyu_Museum" title="Narlıkuyu Museum">Narlıkuyu Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silifke_Museum" title="Silifke Museum">Silifke Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silifke_Atat%C3%BCrk_Museum" title="Silifke Atatürk Museum">Silifke Atatürk Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarsus_%C3%87anakkale_Park_Museum" title="Tarsus Çanakkale Park Museum">Tarsus Çanakkale Park Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarsus_Museum" title="Tarsus Museum">Tarsus Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%C5%9Fucu_Atat%C3%BCrk_Museum" title="Taşucu Atatürk Museum">Taşucu Atatürk Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Monuments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atat%C3%BCrk_Monument_(Mersin)" title="Atatürk Monument (Mersin)">Atatürk Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mersin_Martyrs%27_Memorial" title="Mersin Martyrs' Memorial">Mersin Martyrs' Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Barbarossa_Memorial_(Silifke)" title="Frederick Barbarossa Memorial (Silifke)">Frederick Barbarossa Memorial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Archaeological <br />wealth</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adamkayalar" title="Adamkayalar">Adamkayalar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akkale" title="Akkale">Akkale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ala_Bridge" title="Ala Bridge">Ala Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alahan_Monastery" title="Alahan Monastery">Alahan Monastery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alt%C4%B1ndan_ge%C3%A7me" title="Altından geçme">Altından geçme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anchiale" title="Anchiale">Anchiale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_road_in_Tarsus" title="Ancient road in Tarsus">Ancient road in Tarsus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anemurium" title="Anemurium">Anemurium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aphrodisias_(Cilicia)" title="Aphrodisias (Cilicia)">Aphrodisias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athena_relief_of_S%C3%B6mek" title="Athena relief of Sömek">Athena relief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aulae_(Cilicia)" title="Aulae (Cilicia)">Aulai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aya_Tekla_Church" title="Aya Tekla Church">Aya Tekla Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba%C3%A7_Bridge" title="Baç Bridge">Baç Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balabolu" title="Balabolu">Balabolu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belenke%C5%9Flik_Castle" title="Belenkeşlik Castle">Belenkeşlik Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canbazl%C4%B1_ruins" class="mw-redirect" title="Canbazlı ruins">Canbazlı ruins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caracalla%27s_inscription" title="Caracalla's inscription">Caracalla's inscription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casemates_of_%C4%B0brahim_Pasha" title="Casemates of İbrahim Pasha">Casemates of İbrahim Pasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra%27s_gate" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleopatra's gate">Cleopatra's gate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corycus" title="Corycus">Corycus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87anak%C3%A7%C4%B1_rock_tombs" class="mw-redirect" title="Çanakçı rock tombs">Çanakçı rock tombs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87and%C4%B1r_Castle" title="Çandır Castle">Çandır Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87at%C4%B1%C3%B6ren" title="Çatıören">Çatıören</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Da%C4%9Fl%C4%B1_Castle" title="Dağlı Castle">Dağlı Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dikilita%C5%9F,_Mersin" title="Dikilitaş, Mersin">Dikilitaş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donukta%C5%9F" title="Donuktaş">Donuktaş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%B6rtayak" title="Dörtayak">Dörtayak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E%C4%9Frib%C3%BCk" title="Eğribük">Eğribük (Palaiai)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaiussa_Sebaste" title="Elaiussa Sebaste">Elaiussa Sebaste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirzeli" title="Emirzeli">Emirzeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evciler_Castle" title="Evciler Castle">Evciler Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_of_G%C3%B6me%C3%A7" title="Tower of Gömeç">Gömeç</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6zl%C3%BCkule" title="Gözlükule">Gözlükule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6zne_Castle" title="Gözne Castle">Gözne Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BClek_Castle" title="Gülek Castle">Gülek Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasanaliler_Church" title="Hasanaliler Church">Hasanaliler Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hisarin_Castle" class="mw-redirect" title="Hisarin Castle">Hisarin Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imbriogon" title="Imbriogon">Imbriogon (Demircili)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%C5%9F%C4%B1kkale" title="Işıkkale">Işıkkale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaba%C3%A7am" title="Kabaçam">Kabaçam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karakabakl%C4%B1" title="Karakabaklı">Karakabaklı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelenderis_mosaic" class="mw-redirect" title="Kelenderis mosaic">Kelenderis mosaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1rkka%C5%9F%C4%B1k_Bedesten" title="Kırkkaşık Bedesten">Kırkkaşık Bedesten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1zlar_Kalesi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kızlar Kalesi">Kızlar Kalesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilise_Tepe" title="Kilise Tepe">Kilise Tepe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kravga_Bridge" title="Kravga Bridge">Kravga Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuzucubelen_Castle" title="Kuzucubelen Castle">Kuzucubelen Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamas_Aqueduct" title="Lamas Aqueduct">Lamas Aqueduct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampron" title="Lampron">Lampron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamure_Castle" title="Mamure Castle">Mamure Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manc%C4%B1n%C4%B1k_Castle" title="Mancınık Castle">Mancınık Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mausoleum_of_Danyal" title="Mausoleum of Danyal">Mausoleum of Danyal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1z%C4%B1lliman" title="Kızılliman">Melenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meydan_Castle" title="Meydan Castle">Meydan Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meydanc%C4%B1k_Castle" title="Meydancık Castle">Meydancık Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mezgitkale" title="Mezgitkale">Mezgitkale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mut_Castle" title="Mut Castle">Mut Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagidos" title="Nagidos">Nagidos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olba_(ancient_city)" title="Olba (ancient city)">Olba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olba_Aqueduct" title="Olba Aqueduct">Olba Aqueduct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96k%C3%BCzl%C3%BC_ruins" class="mw-redirect" title="Öküzlü ruins">Öküzlü ruins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasha%27s_Tomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Pasha's Tomb">Pasha's Tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_road_in_Cilicia" title="Roman road in Cilicia">Roman road in Cilicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul%27s_Well" title="Saint Paul's Well">Saint Paul's Well</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahmeran_Hamam" title="Shahmeran Hamam">Shahmeran Hamam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_Bridge_(Silifke)" title="Stone Bridge (Silifke)">Silifke Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silifke_Castle" title="Silifke Castle">Silifke Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinap_Castle" title="Sinap Castle">Sinap Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinekkale" title="Sinekkale">Sinekkale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Softa_Castle" title="Softa Castle">Softa Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soli,_Cilicia" class="mw-redirect" title="Soli, Cilicia">Soli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapureli_ruins" title="Tapureli ruins">Tapureli ruins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%C5%9Fge%C3%A7it_Bridge" title="Taşgeçit Bridge">Taşgeçit Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%C5%9Fhan,_Mut" title="Taşhan, Mut">Taşhan, Mut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tece_Castle" title="Tece Castle">Tece Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tekir_ambar%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Tekir ambarı">Tekir ambarı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tekkad%C4%B1n_ruins" title="Tekkadın ruins">Tekkadın ruins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Jupiter_(Silifke)" title="Temple of Jupiter (Silifke)">Temple of Jupiter (Silifke)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C4%B1rm%C4%B1l" title="Tırmıl">Tırmıl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokmar_Castle" title="Tokmar Castle">Tokmar Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzuncabur%C3%A7_(Diokaesareia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Uzuncaburç (Diokaesareia)">Uzuncaburç (Diokaesareia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9C%C3%A7ayakl%C4%B1_ruins" title="Üçayaklı ruins">Üçayaklı ruins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veyselli_rock_reliefs" title="Veyselli rock reliefs">Veyselli rock reliefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warrior_relief_of_Efrenk" title="Warrior relief of Efrenk">Warrior relief of Efrenk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yan%C4%B1khan" title="Yanıkhan">Yanıkhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yelbiz_Castle" title="Yelbiz Castle">Yelbiz Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yumuktepe" title="Yumuktepe">Yumuktepe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Mezitli_Producer_Women%27s_Market" title="Mezitli Producer Women's Market">Mezitli Producer Women's Market</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Buildings_and_structures" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Buildings and structures</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mersin_Halkevi" title="Mersin Halkevi">Mersin Halkevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mersin_Congress_and_Exhibition_Center" title="Mersin Congress and Exhibition Center">Mersin Congress and Exhibition Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atat%C3%BCrk_Cultural_Center_in_Mersin" title="Atatürk Cultural Center in Mersin">Atatürk Cultural Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNR_Yeni%C5%9Fehir_Exhibition_Center" title="CNR Yenişehir Exhibition Center">CNR Yenişehir Exhibition Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mertim" title="Mertim">Mertim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mersin_Aquapark" title="Mersin Aquapark">Mersin Aquapark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atat%C3%BCrk_Park" title="Atatürk Park">Atatürk Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mersin_Marina" title="Mersin Marina">Mersin Marina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarsus_Zoo" title="Tarsus Zoo">Tarsus Zoo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mosques<br />and<br />madrasas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mu%C4%9Fdat_Mosque" title="Muğdat Mosque">Muğdat Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Mosque_of_Mersin" title="Grand Mosque of Mersin">Grand Mosque of Mersin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mersin_Old_Mosque" title="Mersin Old Mosque">Mersin Old Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCft%C3%BC_Mosque" title="Müftü Mosque">Müftü Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarsus_Old_Mosque" title="Tarsus Old Mosque">Tarsus Old Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Mosque_of_Tarsus" title="Grand Mosque of Tarsus">Grand Mosque of Tarsus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubat_Pasha_Medrese" class="mw-redirect" title="Kubat Pasha Medrese">Kubat Pasha Medrese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laal_Pasha_Mosque" title="Laal Pasha Mosque">Laal Pasha Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCzeloluk_Mosque" title="Güzeloluk Mosque">Güzeloluk Mosque</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Churches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_St._Anthony,_Mersin" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of St. Anthony, Mersin">Mersin Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS._Michael_and_Gabriel_Greek_Orthodox_Church,_Mersin" class="mw-redirect" title="SS. Michael and Gabriel Greek Orthodox Church, Mersin">Mersin Orthodox Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul%27s_Church,_Tarsus" title="Saint Paul's Church, Tarsus">Saint Paul's Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cemeteries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mersin_Interfaith_Cemetery" title="Mersin Interfaith Cemetery">Mersin Interfaith Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Memorial_Forest_in_Silifke" title="Cyprus Memorial Forest in Silifke">Cyprus Memorial Forest in Silifke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alak%C3%B6pr%C3%BC_Dam" title="Alaköprü Dam">Alaköprü Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berdan_Dam" title="Berdan Dam">Berdan Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birkap%C4%B1l%C4%B1_Dam" class="mw-redirect" title="Birkapılı Dam">Birkapılı Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gezende_Dam" title="Gezende Dam">Gezende Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kad%C4%B1nc%C4%B1k_1_hydroelectric_power_plant" title="Kadıncık 1 hydroelectric power plant">Kadıncık 1 HES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kad%C4%B1nc%C4%B1k_2_hydroelectric_power_plant" title="Kadıncık 2 hydroelectric power plant">Kadıncık 2 HES</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kayraktepe_Dam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kayraktepe Dam (page does not exist)">Kayraktepe Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otluca_HES" title="Otluca HES">Otluca HES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamukluk_Dam" title="Pamukluk Dam">Pamukluk Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silifke_HES" title="Silifke HES">Silifke HES</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Industry and trade</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ATA%C5%9E_(Refinery)" class="mw-redirect" title="ATAŞ (Refinery)">ATAŞ (Refinery)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACS_Mersin" title="ACS Mersin">ACS Mersin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodakrom" class="mw-redirect" title="Sodakrom">Sodakrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87imsata%C5%9F" title="Çimsataş">Çimsataş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mersin_Free_Zone" title="Mersin Free Zone">Mersin Free Zone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transportation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Mersin_Province" title="Transport in Mersin Province">Transport in Mersin Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mersin_Harbor" class="mw-redirect" title="Mersin Harbor">Mersin Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%C5%9Fucu_Seka_Harbor" title="Taşucu Seka Harbor">Taşucu Seka Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ye%C5%9Filovac%C4%B1k_Fishing_Port" title="Yeşilovacık Fishing Port">Yeşilovacık Fishing Port</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mersin_railway_station" title="Mersin railway station">Mersin railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarsus_railway_station" title="Tarsus railway station">Tarsus railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yenice_railway_station" title="Yenice railway station">Yenice railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C4%B1rm%C4%B1l_railway_station" title="Tırmıl railway station">Tırmıl railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karacailyas_railway_station" title="Karacailyas railway station">Karacailyas railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huzurkent_railway_station" title="Huzurkent railway station">Huzurkent railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%C5%9Fkent_railway_station" title="Taşkent railway station">Taşkent railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mersin_Bus_Terminus" title="Mersin Bus Terminus">Mersin Bus Terminus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87ukurova_Regional_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Çukurova Regional Airport">Çukurova Regional Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0smet_%C4%B0n%C3%B6n%C3%BC_Boulevard" title="İsmet İnönü Boulevard">İsmet İnönü Boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adnan_Menderes_Boulevard" title="Adnan Menderes Boulevard">Adnan Menderes Boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazi_Mustafa_Kemal_Boulevard" title="Gazi Mustafa Kemal Boulevard">Gazi Mustafa Kemal Boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushimoto_Street" title="Kushimoto Street">Kushimoto Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo%C4%9Fsak_Tunnel" title="Boğsak Tunnel">Boğsak Tunnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mersin_Lighthouse" title="Mersin Lighthouse">Mersin Lighthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anamur_Lighthouse" title="Anamur Lighthouse">Anamur Lighthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayd%C4%B1nc%C4%B1k_Lighthouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Aydıncık Lighthouse">Aydıncık Lighthouse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sports venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edip_Buran_Arena" title="Edip Buran Arena">Edip Buran Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macit_%C3%96zcan_Sports_Complex" title="Macit Özcan Sports Complex">Macit Özcan Sports Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mersin_District_7_Sports_Hall" title="Mersin District 7 Sports Hall">Mersin Seventh Region Sports Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mersin_Gymnastics_Hall" title="Mersin Gymnastics Hall">Mersin Gymnastics Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mersin_Arena" class="mw-redirect" title="Mersin Arena">Mersin Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mersin_Olympic_Swimming_Pool" title="Mersin Olympic Swimming Pool">Mersin Olympic Swimming Pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mersin_Tennis_Complex" title="Mersin Tennis Complex">Mersin Tennis Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mersin_Volleyball_Hall" title="Mersin Volleyball Hall">Mersin Volleyball Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mezitli_Sports_Hall" title="Mezitli Sports Hall">Mezitli Sports Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevin_Yan%C4%B1t_Athletics_Complex" title="Nevin Yanıt Athletics Complex">Nevin Yanıt Athletics Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servet_Tazeg%C3%BCl_Arena" title="Servet Tazegül Arena">Servet Tazegül Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tevfik_S%C4%B1rr%C4%B1_G%C3%BCr_Stadium" title="Tevfik Sırrı Gür Stadium">Tevfik Sırrı Gür Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toroslar_Bocce_Facility" title="Toroslar Bocce Facility">Toroslar Bocce Facility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erdemli_Shooting_Range" title="Erdemli Shooting Range">Erdemli Shooting Range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erdemli_Sports_Hall" title="Erdemli Sports Hall">Erdemli Sports Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarsus_City_Stadium" title="Tarsus City Stadium">Tarsus City Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarsus_Arena" title="Tarsus Arena">Tarsus Arena</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Geographical_features" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Geographical features</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mersin_Gulf" class="mw-redirect" title="Mersin Gulf">Mersin Gulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paradeniz" title="Paradeniz">Paradeniz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1z%C4%B1lba%C4%9F_Pond" title="Kızılbağ Pond">Kızılbağ Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arslank%C3%B6y_Pond" title="Arslanköy Pond">Arslanköy Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayd%C4%B1nc%C4%B1k_Islands" title="Aydıncık Islands">Aydıncık Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babad%C4%B1l_Islands" title="Babadıl Islands">Babadıl Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo%C4%9Fsak_Islet" title="Boğsak Islet">Boğsak Islet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bozyaz%C4%B1_Island" title="Bozyazı Island">Bozyazı Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dana_Island" title="Dana Island">Dana Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCvercin_Islet" title="Güvercin Islet">Güvercin Islet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapl%C4%B1_Islet" title="Saplı Islet">Saplı Islet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yelkenli_Island" title="Yelkenli Island">Yelkenli Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C4%B1lanl%C4%B1_Island" title="Yılanlı Island">Yılanlı Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Anamur" title="Cape Anamur">Cape Anamur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Tisan" title="Cape Tisan">Cape Tisan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaledran_Creek" title="Kaledran Creek">Kaledran Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Creek_(Turkey)" title="Dragon Creek (Turkey)">Dragon Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sini_Creek" title="Sini Creek">Sini Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/So%C4%9Fuksu_Creek" title="Soğuksu Creek">Soğuksu Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babad%C4%B1l_Creek" title="Babadıl Creek">Babadıl Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ksu_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Göksu River">Göksu River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamas_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Lamas River">Lamas River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alata_River" title="Alata River">Alata River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karacao%C4%9Flan_River" title="Karacaoğlan River">Karacaoğlan River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tece_Creek" title="Tece Creek">Tece Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mezitli_River" title="Mezitli River">Mezitli River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efrenk_River" title="Efrenk River">Efrenk River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berdan_River" title="Berdan River">Berdan River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarsus_Waterfall" title="Tarsus Waterfall">Tarsus Waterfall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerk%C3%B6pr%C3%BC_Waterfall_(Mersin)" title="Yerköprü Waterfall (Mersin)">Yerköprü Fall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sertavul_Pass" title="Sertavul Pass">Sertavul Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BClek_Pass" class="mw-redirect" title="Gülek Pass">Gülek Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karbo%C4%9Faz%C4%B1" title="Karboğazı">Karboğazı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karak%C4%B1z_Lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Karakız Lake">Karakız Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karabucak_Forest" title="Karabucak Forest">Karabucak Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayd%C4%B1nc%C4%B1k_Nature_Park" title="Aydıncık Nature Park">Aydıncık Nature Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C3%BC%C5%9Fkum_Nature_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Gümüşkum Nature Park">Gümüşkum Nature Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaek%C5%9Fi_Nature_Park" title="Karaekşi Nature Park">Karaekşi Nature Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pullu_I_Nature_Park" title="Pullu I Nature Park">Pullu I Nature Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erdemli_Pine_Groove" title="Erdemli Pine Groove">Erdemli Pine Groove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanl%C4%B1divane" title="Kanlıdivane">Kanlıdivane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cennet_and_Cehennem" title="Cennet and Cehennem">Cennet and Cehennem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhayat_sinkhole" title="Akhayat sinkhole">Akhayat sinkhole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egma_Sinkhole" title="Egma Sinkhole">Egma Sinkhole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87ukurp%C4%B1nar_Cave" title="Çukurpınar Cave">Çukurpınar Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayd%C4%B1nc%C4%B1k_Cave" class="mw-redirect" title="Aydıncık Cave">Aydıncık Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yedi_Uyurlar_Cave" class="mw-redirect" title="Yedi Uyurlar Cave">Yedi Uyurlar Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kisecik_Canyon" title="Kisecik Canyon">Kisecik Canyon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Mersin_Province" title="Mersin Province">Mersin Province</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cilician_Gates&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livius.org/a/turkey/cil_gates/gates.html">Livius.org: Cilician Gate</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081026083821/http://www.livius.org/a/turkey/cil_gates/gates.html">Archived</a> 2008-10-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.trainsofturkey.com/w/pmwiki.php/Network/CilicianGates">Railroad engineering through the Cilician Gates</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mountain_passes_of_Turkey" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mountain_passes_of_Turkey" title="Template:Mountain passes of Turkey"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mountain_passes_of_Turkey" title="Template talk:Mountain passes of Turkey"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mountain_passes_of_Turkey" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mountain passes of Turkey"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mountain_passes_of_Turkey" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_passes_in_Turkey" title="List of mountain passes in Turkey">Mountain passes of Turkey</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amanian_Gate" title="Amanian Gate">Bahçe Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belen_Pass" title="Belen Pass">Belen Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belkahve_Pass" title="Belkahve Pass">Belkahve Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87aykavak_Pass" title="Çaykavak Pass">Çaykavak Pass</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gülek Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCresentepe_Pass" title="Güresentepe Pass">Güresentepe Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karbo%C4%9Faz%C4%B1" title="Karboğazı">Karboğazı</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1z%C4%B1lda%C4%9F_Pass" title="Kızıldağ Pass">Kızıldağ Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolsuz_Pass" title="Kolsuz Pass">Kolsuz Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kop_Pass" title="Kop Pass">Kop Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sertavul_Pass" title="Sertavul Pass">Sertavul Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zigana_Pass" title="Zigana Pass">Zigana Pass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cilician_Gates&oldid=1225262609">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cilician_Gates&oldid=1225262609</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Geography_of_ancient_Cappadocia" title="Category:Geography of ancient Cappadocia">Geography of ancient Cappadocia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Geography_of_ancient_Cilicia" title="Category:Geography of ancient Cilicia">Geography of ancient Cilicia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mountain_passes_of_Turkey" title="Category:Mountain passes of Turkey">Mountain passes of Turkey</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Landforms_of_Mersin_Province" title="Category:Landforms of Mersin Province">Landforms of Mersin Province</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Mersin_Province" title="Category:History of Mersin Province">History of Mersin Province</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Turkish-language_sources_(tr)" title="Category:CS1 Turkish-language sources (tr)">CS1 Turkish-language sources (tr)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_February_2024" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from February 2024">Articles with dead external links from February 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 23 May 2024, at 10:46<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cilician_Gates&oldid=1225262609&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-kx5g7","wgBackendResponseTime":156,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.402","walltime":"0.543","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1622,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":86757,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":4386,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":3,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":37251,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 439.919 1 -total"," 28.34% 124.658 1 Template:Infobox_mountain_pass"," 27.20% 119.639 1 Template:Reflist"," 22.07% 97.106 1 Template:Mersin_Province"," 21.39% 94.098 1 Template:Navbox_with_collapsible_groups"," 15.34% 67.468 2 Template:Cite_web"," 13.77% 60.580 1 Template:Location_map"," 12.83% 56.449 1 Template:Short_description"," 7.51% 33.043 8 Template:If_empty"," 7.08% 31.157 2 Template:Pagetype"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.245","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":7173379,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-d465dfd78-lrlkm","timestamp":"20241126122430","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Cilician Gates","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cilician_Gates","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q128884","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q128884","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-04-14T22:20:19Z","dateModified":"2024-05-23T10:46:20Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/5\/54\/Puertas_Cil%C3%ADcias.jpg","headline":"mountain pass in southern Turkey"}</script> </body> </html>