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<span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Age of Charya literature (7th to 8th centuries CE)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Age_of_Charya_literature_(7th_to_8th_centuries_CE)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pre-Sarala_Age_(12th_to_14th_centuries)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-Sarala_Age_(12th_to_14th_centuries)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Pre-Sarala Age (12th to 14th centuries)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-Sarala_Age_(12th_to_14th_centuries)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sarala_Dasa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sarala_Dasa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Sarala Dasa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sarala_Dasa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Panchasakhas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Panchasakhas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Panchasakhas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Panchasakhas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Riti_Juga_(16th_to_mid_17th_centuries)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Riti_Juga_(16th_to_mid_17th_centuries)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Riti Juga (16th to mid 17th centuries)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Riti_Juga_(16th_to_mid_17th_centuries)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Riti Juga (16th to mid 17th centuries) subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Riti_Juga_(16th_to_mid_17th_centuries)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Age_of_Upendra_Bhanja" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Age_of_Upendra_Bhanja"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Age of Upendra Bhanja</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Age_of_Upendra_Bhanja-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Late_Riti_Juga[64][65]" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Late_Riti_Juga[64][65]"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Late Riti Juga<sup><span>[</span>64<span>]</span></sup><sup><span>[</span>65<span>]</span></sup></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Late_Riti_Juga[64][65]-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Age_of_Radhanath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Age_of_Radhanath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Age of Radhanath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Age_of_Radhanath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Age_of_Satyabadi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Age_of_Satyabadi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Age of Satyabadi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Age_of_Satyabadi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Age_of_Romanticism_or_Sabuja_Yuga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Age_of_Romanticism_or_Sabuja_Yuga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Age of Romanticism or Sabuja Yuga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Age_of_Romanticism_or_Sabuja_Yuga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pragati_Yuga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pragati_Yuga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Pragati Yuga</span> 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id="toc-Poetry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poetry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Poetry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poetry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fiction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fiction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3</span> <span>Fiction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fiction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Before_the_1970s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Before_the_1970s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3.1</span> <span>Before the 1970s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Before_the_1970s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-After_the_1970s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#After_the_1970s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3.2</span> <span>After the 1970s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-After_the_1970s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Popular_fiction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Popular_fiction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3.3</span> <span>Popular fiction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Popular_fiction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Women_writers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Women_writers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3.4</span> <span>Women writers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Women_writers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Drama" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drama"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 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subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Odia_and_world_literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Odia_translation_of_classics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Odia_translation_of_classics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Odia translation of classics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Odia_translation_of_classics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Translation_of_Odia_works_into_world_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Translation_of_Odia_works_into_world_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.2</span> <span>Translation of Odia works into world languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Translation_of_Odia_works_into_world_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Odia_in_United_States_of_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Odia_in_United_States_of_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.3</span> <span>Odia in United States of America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Odia_in_United_States_of_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header 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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Odia literature</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%92%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF" title="ಒರಿಯಾ ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಒರಿಯಾ ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%93%E0%AC%A1%E0%AC%BC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%86_%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A4%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F" title="ଓଡ଼ିଆ ସାହିତ୍ୟ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଓଡ଼ିଆ ସାହିତ୍ୟ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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literature">Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Kashmiri literature">Kashmiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokborok_literature" title="Kokborok literature">Kokborok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konkani_literature" title="Konkani literature">Konkani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maithili_literature" title="Maithili literature">Maithili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathi_literature" title="Marathi literature">Marathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_literature" title="Meitei literature">Meitei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizo_literature" title="Mizo literature">Mizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepali_literature" title="Nepali literature">Nepali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_literature" title="Punjabi literature">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajasthani_literature" title="Rajasthani literature">Rajasthani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_literature" title="Sindhi literature">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urdu_literature" title="Urdu literature">Urdu</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Indian_literature" title="Template:Indian literature"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Indian_literature" title="Template talk:Indian literature"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Indian_literature" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Indian literature"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Odia literature </b>is <a href="/wiki/Literature" title="Literature">literature</a> written in the <a href="/wiki/Odia_language" title="Odia language">Odia language</a>, mostly from the Indian state of <a href="/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha">Odisha</a>. The modern Odia language is mostly formed from <a href="/wiki/Tadbhava" title="Tadbhava">Tadbhava</a> words with significant <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> (Tatsama) influences, along with loanwords from Desaja, <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hindustani_language" title="Hindustani language">Hindustani</a> (Hindi/Urdu), <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a>. Its earliest written texts date from around 1000 CE. The earliest Odia newspaper was <i><a href="/wiki/Utkala_Deepika" title="Utkala Deepika">Utkala Deepika</a></i>, first published on August 4, 1866. </p><p>Historians have divided <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Odia literature</a> into five main stages: Old Odia (800 AD to 1300 AD), Early Medieval Odia (1300 AD to 1500 AD), Medieval Odia (1500 AD to 1700 AD), Late Medieval Odia (1700 AD to 1850 AD) and Modern Odia (1870 AD to present). Further subdivisions, as seen below, more precisely chart the language's development. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="4th_century_BC">4th century BC</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odia_literature&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: 4th century BC"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The creativity and development of the Odia language and literature can be seen in its spoken forms, such as folk tales, and in written forms, such as rock edicts and manuscripts. Songs sung to memorialize birth, death, work, and festivals helped to preserve the language in its oral form, passing it through the generations. Stories depicted in cave paintings preserved the language in the written form.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="paintings are not language-specific (July 2022)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kharavela" title="Kharavela">Kharavela</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Hathigumpha_inscription" title="Hathigumpha inscription">Hatigumpha inscription</a> serves as evidence of past Odia cultural, political, ritual, and social status, and is the first poetic stake inscription. Though <a href="/wiki/Ashoka" title="Ashoka">Ashoka</a> had created rock edicts and inscriptions before Kharavela, his instructions for administration were written in a rude and choked style. However, the Hatigumpha inscription shows the language's flexibility and flow. </p><p>The main feature of this inscription is based on principles of <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> poetic structure, such as: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Sadvanshah kshyatriya bâ pi dhiirodâttah gunanwitâh I<br /> </p><p>Ekabanshodva bhupâhâ kulajâ bahabo pi Jâ II<br /> Shrungarabirashantânâmekoangirasa ishyate I<br /> Angâni sarbe<pi rasâha sarbe nâtakasandhyâhâ II<br /> Itihâsodvabam bruttamânânyad bâ sajjanâshrayam I<br /> Chatwarastasya bargahâ syusteshwekam cha phalam bhavet II<br /> Aâdyu namaskriyashribâ bastunirddesha eba bâ I<br /> Kwacinnindâ khalâdinâm satâm cha gunakirttinam II<br /> </p><p> (Sâhitya darpan- Biswanâth kabirâj)</p></blockquote> <p>When the Hatigumpha Inscription was created, its principles had been traced before. They were followed by <a href="/wiki/Rudradaman" class="mw-redirect" title="Rudradaman">Rudradaman</a> (Girinar inscription 150 AD), <a href="/wiki/Samudragupta" title="Samudragupta">Samudragupta</a> (Prayaga inscription 365 AD), Kumargupta (Mandasore inscription 473 AD), who created their own works in a poetic style on many rocks, in Sanskrit. The writing trend was not obstructed after Kharavela. The Asanapata inscription in Keonjhar created by <a href="/wiki/Satrubhanja" title="Satrubhanja">Satru Bhanja</a>, (a warrior of Odisha) was engraved in the temple, Laxminarayana of Simhanchalam by Mukunda Deva. In the beginning, these inscriptions had a dynamic journey from Pali to Sanskrit. Odia language, literature, script and culture are based on the discussions of these inscriptions. The words written in the Hatigumpha Inscription are still used.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Age_of_Charya_literature_(7th_to_8th_centuries_CE)"><span id="Age_of_Charya_literature_.287th_to_8th_centuries_CE.29"></span>Age of Charya literature (7th to 8th centuries CE)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odia_literature&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Age of Charya literature (7th to 8th centuries CE)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The beginnings of Odia poetry coincide with the development of <a href="/wiki/Charyapada" title="Charyapada">Charyapada</a> or <a href="/wiki/Caryagiti" class="mw-redirect" title="Caryagiti">Caryagiti</a>, literature started by <a href="/wiki/Vajrayana" title="Vajrayana">Vajrayana</a> <a href="/wiki/Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist">Buddhist</a> poets.<sup id="cite_ref-Mukherjee_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mukherjee-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This literature was written from the "Sandhya Bhasha" metaphor. Some of its poets such as <a href="/wiki/Luipa" class="mw-redirect" title="Luipa">Luipa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kanha_(poet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanha (poet)">Kanhupa</a> came from present-day Odisha. The language of Charya was considered to be <a href="/wiki/Prakrit" title="Prakrit">Prakrit</a>. In one of his poems, Kanhupa wrote: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Your hut stands outside the city<br />Oh, untouchable maid<br />The bald Brahmin passes sneaking close by<br />Oh, my maid, I would make you my companion<br />Kanha is a kapali, a yogi<br />He is naked and has no disgust<br />There is a lotus with sixty-four petals<br />Upon that the maid will climb with this poor self and dance.</p></blockquote> <p>This poet used images and symbols from the social milieu/collective psychology so that deep realization could be grasped by readers. This kind of poetry, full of the mystery of <i><a href="/wiki/Tantra" title="Tantra">tantra</a></i>, spread throughout northeastern India from the 10th to the 14th centuries, and its style of expression was revived by the Odia poets of the 16th to the 19th centuries. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pre-Sarala_Age_(12th_to_14th_centuries)"><span id="Pre-Sarala_Age_.2812th_to_14th_centuries.29"></span>Pre-Sarala Age (12th to 14th centuries)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odia_literature&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Pre-Sarala Age (12th to 14th centuries)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the pre-Sarala period, Natha and Siddha literature flourished. The main works of this period are <i>Shishu veda</i> (an anthology of 24 <i>dohas</i>), <i>Amara Kosha</i> and <i>Gorakha Samhita. Shishu veda</i> is mentioned in the works of <a href="/wiki/Sarala_Das" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarala Das">Sarala Das</a> and the later 16th century poets. It is written in Dandi <i>brutta</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sahitya_Akademi_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sahitya_Akademi-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Raja Balabhadra Bhanja wrote the love story, <i>Bhababati</i> (ଭାବବତୀ).<sup id="cite_ref-Garg1992_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garg1992-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-odiya.org_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-odiya.org-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other important works of this period include <i>Kalasha Chautisha</i>(କଳସା ଚଉତିଶା) (By Baccha Das)<sup id="cite_ref-RayRāẏa1981_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RayRāẏa1981-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gupta1987_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gupta1987-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><i>, Somanatha bratakatha(ସୋମନାଥ ବ୍ରତକଥା), Nagala chauthi(ନାଗଲ ଚଉଠି), Ta'poi(ତ'ପୋଇ),</i> and <i>Saptanga</i>(ସପ୍ତଙ୍ଗ)<i>.</i> </p><p><i>Rudrasudhanidhi</i> is considered the first work of Odia prose, written by Abhadutta Narayan Swami.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Markanda Das composed the first <i>Koili</i> (an ode to a cuckoo) in Odia just before Sarala Das. His composition <i>Kesava Koili</i> describes the pain of separation of Yasoda from her son Krishna.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is known to have composed the epic <i>Daasagriba badha</i>, <i>Jnaanodaya koili</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-odiya.org_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-odiya.org-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sarala_Dasa">Sarala Dasa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odia_literature&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Sarala Dasa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 15th century, <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> was the language of literature while <a href="/wiki/Odia_language" title="Odia language">Odia</a> was often considered the language of the <a href="/wiki/Shudra" title="Shudra">peasants</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dalit" title="Dalit">outcastes</a>, who had no access to education.Sarala dasa is also known as ଆଦି କବି. The first great poet of Odisha with widespread readership was <a href="/wiki/Sarala_Das" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarala Das">Sarala Das</a>, who translated the <a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a> into Odia.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-books.google.co.in_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.co.in-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also written chandi purana .This was not an exact translation from the Sanskrit original, but rather an imitation. It can be seen as an original work. Sarala Das was given the title Shudramuni(Peasant-sage). He had no formal education and did not know Sanskrit. </p><p>This translation provided subsequent poets with the necessary foundation for a national literature, providing a fairly accurate idea of the Odia culture at the time. Dasa, born in 15th century Odisha under <a href="/wiki/Gajapati_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Gajapati Kingdom">Gajapati</a> emperor <a href="/wiki/Kapilendradeva" class="mw-redirect" title="Kapilendradeva">Kapilendra Deva</a>, was acclaimed as the "Adikabi" or first poet. The reign of the Gajapatis is considered to be the golden period for Odisha art and literature. Kapilendra Deva patronized Odia language and literature along with Sanskrit, unlike his predecessors who used only Sanskrit. A short Odia poem <i>Kebana Munikumara</i> was found in the Sanskrit Drama <i>Parashurama Vijaya,</i> ascribed emperor <a href="/wiki/Kapilendra_Deva" title="Kapilendra Deva">Kapilendra Deva</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-oaob.nitrkl.ac.in_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oaob.nitrkl.ac.in-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sarala Dasa's poetic gift was believed to come from <a href="/wiki/Sarala_Temple" title="Sarala Temple">Sarala</a> (Saraswati), and that Sarala Das wrote the <i><a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a></i> while she dictated it. Though he wrote many poems and epics, he is best remembered for <i>Mahabharata</i>. His other notable works are <i>Chandi Purana</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Vilanka_Ramayana" class="mw-redirect" title="Vilanka Ramayana">Vilanka Ramayana</a></i>. He composed <i>Lakshmi-Narayana Bachanika</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-books.google.co.in_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.co.in-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Arjuna Dasa, a contemporary of Sarala-Das, wrote <i>Rama-Bibaha(ରାମ ବିବାହ)</i>, which is a significant long poem in Odia. He is the author of <i>Kalpalata (କଳ୍ପଲତା)</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Datta_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Datta-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Panchasakhas">Panchasakhas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odia_literature&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Panchasakhas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Five notable Odia poets emerged during the late 15th and early 16th centuries: <a href="/wiki/Balarama_Dasa" title="Balarama Dasa">Balarama Dasa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atibadi_Jagannath_Das" class="mw-redirect" title="Atibadi Jagannath Das">Atibadi Jagannath Das</a>, <a href="/wiki/Acyutananda" class="mw-redirect" title="Acyutananda">Achyutananda Das</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ananta_Dasa" title="Ananta Dasa">Ananta Dasa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jasobanta_Dasa" title="Jasobanta Dasa">Jasobanta Dasa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Abraham_Misrahi-Barak_2015_p._146_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abraham_Misrahi-Barak_2015_p._146-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although their works spanned over one hundred years, they are collectively known as the "Panchasakhas", since they adhered to the Utkaliya <a href="/wiki/Vaishnavism" title="Vaishnavism">Vaishnavism</a> school of thought. The word <i>pancha</i> means five, while the word <i>sakha</i> means friend. </p><p>The Panchasakhas were Vaishnavas by faith. In 1509, <a href="/wiki/Chaitanya_Mahaprabhu" title="Chaitanya Mahaprabhu">Shri Chaitanya</a> came to Odisha carrying his Vaishnava message of love. Before him, <a href="/wiki/Jaydev" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaydev">Jaydev</a> had prepared the ground for Vaishnavism through his <a href="/wiki/Gita_Govinda" title="Gita Govinda">Gita Govinda</a>. Chaitanya's path of devotion was known as Raganuga Bhakti Marga. He introduced chanting as a way to form a spiritual connection and taught the importance of <a href="/wiki/Hare_Krishna_(mantra)" title="Hare Krishna (mantra)">Hare Krishna</a> <a href="/wiki/Mantra" title="Mantra">mantras</a>. Unlike Chaitanya, the Panchasakhas believed in Gyana Mishra Bhakti Marga, similar to the Buddhist philosophy of <a href="/wiki/Classes_of_Tantra_in_Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Classes of Tantra in Tibetan Buddhism">Charya</a> literature. </p><p>The Panchasakhas were significant because of their poetry and their spiritual legacy. In the holy land of Kalinga (Odisha) saints, mystics, and devotional souls were born, fortifying its culture and spiritualism. The area uniquely includes temples of <a href="/wiki/Shakti" title="Shakti">Shakti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a> and Jagannatha <a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a>. Rituals and traditions were sustained by various seers – including Buddhist ceremonies, Devi "Tantra" (<a href="/wiki/Tantra" title="Tantra">tantric</a> rituals for Shakti), <a href="/wiki/Shaivism" title="Shaivism">Shaiva</a> Marg and <a href="/wiki/Vaishnava_Bhakthi" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaishnava Bhakthi">Vaishnava</a> Marg. </p><p>The origin of the Panchasakhas were described in Achyutananda's <i>Shunya Samhita.</i> As per his narration, towards the end of <a href="/wiki/Mahabharat" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahabharat">Mahabharat</a> when Lord <a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a> was leaving his mortal body, Nilakantheswara Mahadeva appeared and revealed to him that the Lord's companions Dama, Sudama, Srivatsa, Subala, and Subahu would reincarnate in the <i><a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kali Yuga</a></i> and be known as Ananta, Acyutananda, Jagannatha, Balarama and Yasovanta, respectively. Thus, believers in the Panchasakha consider them to be the most intimate friends of Lord Krishna in <i><a href="/wiki/Dvapara_Yuga" title="Dvapara Yuga">Dvapara Yuga</a></i>, who came again in <i>Kali Yuga</i> to serve him. They are instrumental in performing the crucial and much-awaited Yuga-Karma, where they destroy the sinners and save the saints, according to Sanatana-Hindu beliefs. </p><p>Balaram Das's <i><a href="/wiki/Jagamohana_Ramayana" title="Jagamohana Ramayana">Jagamohana Ramayana</a></i> provided one pillar, along with Sarala-Das's <i>Mahabharata</i>, upon which subsequent Odia literature was built. His <i><a href="/wiki/Laxmi_Puran" class="mw-redirect" title="Laxmi Puran">Lakshmi Purana</a></i> is considered the first manifesto of women's liberation or feminism in Indian literature. His other major works are <i>Gita Abakasa, Bhava samudra, Gupta Gita, Vedanta Sara, Mriguni Stuti, Saptanga Yogasara Tika, Vedanta Sara or Brahma Tika, Baula Gai gita, Kamala Lochana Chotisa, Kanta Koili, Bedha Parikrama, Brahma Gita, Brahmanda Bhugola, Vajra Kavacha, Jnana Chudamani, Virata Gita, Ganesha Vibhuti, and Amarakosha Gita.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-odisha.gov.in_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-odisha.gov.in-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> </p><p>The most influential work of this period was <a href="/wiki/Atibadi_Jagannath_Das" class="mw-redirect" title="Atibadi Jagannath Das">Atibadi Jagannath Das</a>'s <i>Bhagabata</i>, which had a great influence on the Odia people as a day-to-day philosophical guide, as well as a lasting one in Odia culture. His other works include <i>Gupta Bhagavat, Tula vina, Sola Chapadi, Chari Chapadi, Tola Bena, Daru Brahma Gita, Diksa Samyad, Artha Koili, Muguni Stuti, Annamaya Kundali, Goloka Sarodhara, Bhakti Chandrika, Kali Malika, Indra Malika, Niladri Vilasa, Nitya Gupta Chintamani, Sri Krishna Bhakti Kalpa Lata</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-odisha.gov.in_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-odisha.gov.in-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shishu Ananta Das was born in Balipatana near Bhubaneswar in the late 15th century. He wrote <i>Bhakti mukti daya gita</i>, <i>Sisu Deva gita</i>, <i>Artha tarani</i>, <i>Udebhakara</i>, <i>Tirabhakana</i>, a <i>Malika</i> and several bhajan poetries.<sup id="cite_ref-odisha.gov.in_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-odisha.gov.in-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Yashobanta Das was the composer of <i>Govinda Chandra</i> (a ballad or Gatha- Sangeeta)<i>, Premabhakti, Brahma Gita, Shiva Swarodaya, Sasti mala, Brahma gita, Atma pariche gita, a Malika</i> and several <i>bhajans</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-odisha.gov.in_32-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-odisha.gov.in-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Acyutananda" class="mw-redirect" title="Acyutananda">Mahapurusha Achyutananda</a> is the most prolific writer of the Panchasakhas. He is believed to have been born through special divine intervention from Lord <a href="/wiki/Jagannath" title="Jagannath">Jagannath</a>. The name Achyuta literally means "created from Lord Vishnu". He is also referred to as "Achyuti", i.e. "He who has no fall" in Odia. He was born to Dinabandhu Khuntia & Padma Devi in Tilakona, Nemal around 1485 AD. He established spiritual energetic centers called "gadis" across east India (in the former states of Anga, Banga, Kalinga, Magadha) and Nepal. Gadis such as Nemal, Kakatpur, Garoi, and Jobra Ghat were places for spiritual action, discourse and penance. He was learned in <a href="/wiki/Ayurveda" title="Ayurveda">Ayurveda</a>, sciences and social regulations. His works are <i>Harivamsa, Tattva bodhini, Sunya samhita, Jyoti samhita, Gopala Ujjvala, Baranasi Gita, Anakara Brahma Samhita, Abhayada Kavacha, Astagujari, Sarana panjara stotra, Vipra chalaka, Manamahima, Maalika.</i><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Panchasakha's individual characteristics are described as follows (in Odia and English): </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Agamya bhâba jânee Yasovanta<br />Gâra katâ Yantra jânee Ananta<br />Âgata Nâgata Achyuta bhane<br />Balarâma Dâsa tatwa bakhâne<br />Bhaktira bhâba jâne Jagannâtha<br />Panchasakhaa e<br />mora pancha mahanta.</p></blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Yasovanta knows the things beyond reach<br />Yantras uses lines and figures known to Ananta<br />Achyuta speaks the past, present and future<br /> </p><p>Balarama Dasa is fluent in tatwa (the ultimate meaning of anything)<br /> </p><p> Ultimate feelings of devotion are known to Jagannatha<br />These five friends are my five mahantas.</p></blockquote> <p>During the Panchasakha era another seer, Raghu Arakhsita, who was not part of the Panchasakhas but was a revered saint, composed several <i>padabalis</i> in Odia.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Panchasakha and Arakhshita together are known as the Sada-Goswami (six Lords). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Madhavi_Pattanayak" title="Madhavi Pattanayak">Madhavi Pattanayak</a> or Madhavi Dasi is considered as the first Odia woman poet who was a contemporary of Prataprudra Deva and wrote several devotional poems for Lord Jagannatha.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-books.google.com_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.com-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Riti_Juga_(16th_to_mid_17th_centuries)"><span id="Riti_Juga_.2816th_to_mid_17th_centuries.29"></span>Riti Juga (16th to mid 17th centuries)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odia_literature&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Riti Juga (16th to mid 17th centuries)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several <i>kaalpanika</i> (imaginative) and <i>pauraanika</i> (<a href="/wiki/Puranic" class="mw-redirect" title="Puranic">Puranic</a>) <i>kavyas</i> were composed during this period that formed the foundation for Riti Juga.<sup id="cite_ref-Sahitya_Akademi_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sahitya_Akademi-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The major works of this era (other than those by the Panchasakhas) are <i>Gopakeli</i> and <i>Parimalaa</i> authored by Narasingha Sena, contemporary of <a href="/wiki/Gajapati_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Gajapati Kingdom">Gajapati emperor Prataprudra Deva</a>, <i>Chataa Ichaamat</i>i and <i>Rasa</i> by Banamali Das, <i>Premalochana, Bada Shakuntala</i> & <i>Kalaabati</i> by Vishnu Das, <i>Nrushingha puran</i>a and <i>Nirguna Mahatmya</i> by Chaitanya Dash (born in Kalahandi),<sup id="cite_ref-odiya.org_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-odiya.org-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Lilaabati</i> by Raghunatha Harichandan, <i>Usha Bilasa</i> by Shishu Shankar Das, <i><a href="/wiki/Sasisena_Kavya" title="Sasisena Kavya">Sasisena</a></i> by Pratap Rai, <i>Rahashya Manjari</i> by Devadurlava Das, <i>Hiraabati</i> by Ramachandra Chottaray, <i>Deulatola</i> by Nilambara Das,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Prema Panchamruta</i> by Bhupati Pandit,<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Rukmini Vivaha</i> by Kartik Das, <i>Goparasa</i> by Danai Das and <i>Kanchi Kaveri</i> by Purushotama Das.<sup id="cite_ref-Sahitya_Akademi_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sahitya_Akademi-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-importantindia.com_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-importantindia.com-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 16th century three poets translated Jayadeva's Gita Govinda into Odia. They were Dharanidhara Mishra, Brindavan Das (<i>Rasabaridhi</i>) and Trilochan Das (<i>GovindaGita</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-books.google.com_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.com-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Brundabati Dasi, a woman poet wrote <i>Purnatama Chandrodaya Kavya</i> towards the end of the 17th century.<sup id="cite_ref-Sahitya_Akademi_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sahitya_Akademi-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several Chautishas (a form of Odia poetry where 34 stanzas from "ka" to "Khsya" are placed at the start of each composition) were composed during this time. The best known are <i>Milana Chautisha</i>, <i>Mandakini Chautisha</i>, <i>Barshabharana Chautisha</i>, <i>Rasakulya Chautisha</i>, and <i>Manobodha Chautisha</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-oaob.nitrkl.ac.in_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oaob.nitrkl.ac.in-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-importantindia.com_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-importantindia.com-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Muslim poet <a href="/wiki/Salabega" title="Salabega">Salabega</a> was a devotional poet who composed several poems dedicated to Lord <a href="/wiki/Jagannath" title="Jagannath">Jagannath</a> during Jahangir's reign in the 17th century.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Age_of_Upendra_Bhanja">Age of Upendra Bhanja</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odia_literature&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Age of Upendra Bhanja"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the Panchasakhas, prominent works included the <i>Usabhilasa</i> of Sisu Sankara Das, the <i>Rahasya-manjari</i> of Deva-durlabha Dasa and the <i>Rukmini-bibha</i> of Karttika Das. A new form of novels in verse evolved at the beginning of the 17th century when Ramachandra Pattanayaka wrote <i>Haravali</i>. The prominent poets, however, are Dhananjaya Bhanja (born 1611. AD), <a href="/wiki/Dinakrushna_Das" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinakrushna Das">Dinakrushna Das</a> (born 1650. AD),<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Upendra_Bhanja" title="Upendra Bhanja">Kabi Samrat Upendra Bhanja</a> (born 1670. AD) and <a href="/wiki/Abhimanyu_Samantasinhara" class="mw-redirect" title="Abhimanyu Samantasinhara">Abhimanyu Samantasinhara</a>. Their poetry, especially that of Upendra Bhanja, is characterised by verbal tricks, obscenity and eroticism. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Upendra_Bhanja" title="Upendra Bhanja">Upendra Bhanja</a><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s works such as <i>Baidehisha Bilasa</i>, <i>Koti Brahmanda Sundari</i> and <i>Labanyabati</i> are landmarks. He was conferred the title "Kabi Samrat" of Odia literature for his poetic sense and skill with words. He wrote 52 books, of which only 25–26 survive. He contributed more than 35,000 words to Odia literature and is considered the greatest poet of Riti Juga.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Poet Dhananjaya Bhanja (1611–1701),<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was also king of <a href="/wiki/Gangapur,_Odisha" title="Gangapur, Odisha">Ghumusar</a> and grandfather of Upendra Bhanja, wrote several <i>kavyas</i> including <i>Anangarekha, Ichaavati, Raghunatha Bilasa, and Madana Manjari</i>. Besides Tribikrama Bhanja (author of <i>Kanakalata</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-ObFCT5_taSgC_p0_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ObFCT5_taSgC_p0-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Ghana Bhanja (author of <i>Trailokyamohini</i>, <i>Rasanidhi,</i> and <i>Govinda Bilasha</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the Bhanja royal family also enriched Odia Literature.<sup id="cite_ref-Sahitya_Akademi_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sahitya_Akademi-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Datta_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Datta-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lokanatha Vidyadhara, a contemporary of Upendra Bhanja, wrote <i>Sarbanga Sundari.</i> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Dinakrushna_Das" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinakrushna Das">Dinakrushna Das</a>'s <i>Rasokallola</i> and Abhimanyu Samanta Simhara's <i>Bidagdha Chintamani</i> are prominent <i>kavyas</i> of this time. <i>Bidagdha Chintamani</i> is considered the longest <i>kavya</i> in Odia literature with 96 cantos exceeding Upendra's longest <i>kavya</i> of 52 cantos. Other prominent works of Abhimanyu Samanta Simhara are <i>Sulakhshyana, Prema Chintaamani, Prema Kala, Rasaabati, Prematarangini</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A new form of poetry called <i>Bandha kabita</i> started, where the poem was written within the <i>bandha</i> or frame of a picture. Upendra Bhanja pioneered this pictorial poetry. His <i>Chitrakavya Bandhodaya</i> is the first such creation, containing 84 pictorial poems. Poets in this tradition include Sadananda Kabisurya Bramha (<i>Lalita Lochana</i> and <i>Prema Kalpalata</i>), Tribikrama Bhanja (<i>Kanakalata</i>), Kesabaraja Harichandana (<i>Rasa Sindhu Sulakhshyana</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-ObFCT5_taSgC_p0_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ObFCT5_taSgC_p0-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Late_Riti_Juga[64][65]"><span id="Late_Riti_Juga.5B64.5D.5B65.5D"></span>Late Riti Juga<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odia_literature&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Late Riti Juga[64][65]"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Towards the end of Riti Yuga, four major poets emerged.<sup id="cite_ref-Sahitya_Akademi_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sahitya_Akademi-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These were <a href="/wiki/Kavisurya_Baladev_Rath" class="mw-redirect" title="Kavisurya Baladev Rath">Kabi Surya Baladeb Rath</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brajanath_Badajena" title="Brajanath Badajena">Brajanath Badajena</a>, Gopalakrushna Pattanayaka and <a href="/wiki/Bhima_Bhoi" title="Bhima Bhoi">Bhima Bhoi</a>. Kabisurya <a href="/wiki/Baladev_Rath" class="mw-redirect" title="Baladev Rath">Baladev Rath</a> wrote his poems in <i>champu</i> (mixture of prose and poetry) and <i>chautisha</i> styles. His greatest work is <i>Kishore Chandranana Champu</i> which is extensively used in Odissi Music.<sup id="cite_ref-Datta_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Datta-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-importantindia.com_47-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-importantindia.com-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Brajanath Badjena started a tradition of prose fiction, though he was not a great talent. His <i>Chatur Binoda</i> (Amusement of Intelligent) seems to be the first work that deals with different kinds of <i>rasas</i>, predominantly the <i>bibhatsa rasa</i>, but often verges on nonsense. The style of <i>Chitra Kavya</i> (mixture of poetry and paintings) was at its best in the 18th century. Several <i>chitra pothis</i> can be traced to this time.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Bichitra Ramayana</i> of Biswanaath Khuntia was composed in the early 18th century. Pitambar Das wrote the epic <i>Narasingha Purana</i> in seven parts called <i>Ratnakaras</i> then.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Maguni Pattanaik composed <i>Rama Chandra Vihara</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Rama Lila</i> was composed by Vaishya Sadashiva and Ananga Narendra. Bhima Bhoi, the blind poet born in a tribal <a href="/wiki/Khonds" title="Khonds">Khondh</a> family is known for his compositions <i><a href="/wiki/Stuticintamani" title="Stuticintamani">Stuticintamani</a></i>, <i>Bramha Nirupana Gita</i>, <i>Shrutinishedha Gita</i>. The other major poets at this time were <a href="/wiki/Banamali_Dasa" title="Banamali Dasa">Banamali Dasa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jadumani_Mahapatra" title="Jadumani Mahapatra">Jadumani Mahapatra</a>, Bhaktacharan Das (author of <i>Manabodha Chautisha</i> and <i>Mathura Mangala</i>), Haribandhu, Gaurahari, Gauracharana, and Krishna Simha.<sup id="cite_ref-importantindia.com_47-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-importantindia.com-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Age_of_Radhanath">Age of Radhanath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odia_literature&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Age of Radhanath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first Odia magazine, <i>Bodha Dayini</i> was published in <a href="/wiki/Balasore" title="Balasore">Balasore</a> in 1861. Its goal was to promote Odia literature and critique government policy. The first Odia newspaper <i>The <a href="/wiki/Utkala_Deepika" title="Utkala Deepika">Utkala Deepika</a></i>, launched in 1866 under editors <a href="/wiki/Gourishankar_Ray" title="Gourishankar Ray">Gourishankar Ray</a> and Bichitrananda. <i>Utkal Deepika</i> campaigned to bring all Odia-speaking areas under one administration, to develop Odia language and literature and to protect Odia interests. </p><p>In 1869 Bhagavati Charan Das started another newspaper, <i>Utkal Subhakari</i>, to propagate the Brahmo faith. In the last three and a half decades of the 19th century, more Odia newspapers launched. Prominent examples included <i>Utkal Deepika</i>, <i>Utkal Patra</i>, <i>Utkal Hiteisini</i> from Cuttack, <i>Utkal Darpan</i> and <i>Sambada Vahika</i> from Balasore and <i>Sambalpur Hiteisini</i> from Deogarh. These periodicals encouraged modern literature and offered a broad audience for Odia writers. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kabibar_Radhanath_Ray" class="mw-redirect" title="Kabibar Radhanath Ray">Radhanath Ray</a> (1849–1908) is the most well-known poet of this period. He wrote with a Western influence, and his <i>kavyas</i> included Chandrabhaga, Nandikeshwari, Usha, Mahajatra, Darbar, and Chilika. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Fakir_Mohan_Senapati" title="Fakir Mohan Senapati">Fakir Mohan Senapati</a> (1843–1918) became the best known Odia fiction writer. He was called the <a href="/wiki/Fakir_Mohan_Senapati" title="Fakir Mohan Senapati">Vyasakabi</a> or founding poet of the Odia language. Senapati was born in the coastal town of Balasore, and worked as a government administrator. Enraged by the attempts of the <a href="/wiki/Bengali_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali people">Bengalis</a> to marginalize or replace the <a href="/wiki/Odia_language" title="Odia language">Odia language</a>, he took to creative writing late in life. He did translations from Sanskrit, wrote poetry and attempted many forms of literature, but is now known as the father of modern Odia prose fiction. His <i><a href="/wiki/Rebati" title="Rebati">Rebati</a></i> (1898) is widely recognized as the first Odia short story. <i>Rebati</i> is the story of a young girl whose desire for education is placed in the context of a conservative society in a backward Odisha village, which is hit by a <a href="/wiki/Cholera" title="Cholera">cholera</a> epidemic. His other stories are "Patent Medicine", "Dak Munshi", and "Adharma Bitta". Senapati is known for his novel <a href="/wiki/Chha_Maana_Atha_Guntha" class="mw-redirect" title="Chha Maana Atha Guntha">Chha Maana Atha Guntha</a>. This was the first Indian novel to deal with the exploitation of landless peasants by a feudal lord. It was written well before the <a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">October Revolution</a> in Russia. </p><p>Other eminent Odia writers and poets of the time include <a href="/wiki/Gangadhar_Meher" title="Gangadhar Meher">Gangadhar Meher</a> (1862–1924), <a href="/wiki/Madhusudan_Rao" title="Madhusudan Rao">Madhusudan Rao</a>, Chintamani Mohanty, <a href="/wiki/Nanda_Kishore_Bal" title="Nanda Kishore Bal">Nanda Kishore Bal</a> (1875-1928) <a href="/wiki/Gourishankar_Ray" title="Gourishankar Ray">Gourishankar Ray</a> (1838-1917) and <a href="/wiki/Reba_Ray" title="Reba Ray">Reba Ray</a> (1876-1957). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Age_of_Satyabadi">Age of Satyabadi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odia_literature&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Age of Satyabadi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Gopabandhu_Das" title="Gopabandhu Das">Gopabandhu Das</a></div> <p>During the age of Radhanath the literary world was divided between the classicists, led by the magazine <i>The Indradhanu</i>, and the modernists, led by the magazine <i>Bijuli</i>. <a href="/wiki/Gopabandhu_Das" title="Gopabandhu Das">Gopabandhu Das</a> (1877–1928) was a great balancer and realized that a nation, as well as its literature, lives by its traditions. He believed that a modern national superstructure could only endure if based on solid historical foundations. He wrote a satirical poem in <i>The Indradhanu</i>, which led to punishment by the Inspector of Schools, but he refused to apologise. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Gopabandhu_Das" title="Gopabandhu Das">Gopabandhu</a> joined <a href="/wiki/Ravenshaw_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Ravenshaw College">Ravenshaw College</a> in Cuttack to pursue graduation after this incident. <a href="/wiki/Gopabandhu_Das" title="Gopabandhu Das">Gopabandhu</a>, along with his friends, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brajasundar_Das&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brajasundar Das (page does not exist)">Brajasundar Das</a> and Lokanath Patnaik, started the <i>Kartavya Bodhini Samiti</i> (Duty Awakening Society) in <a href="/wiki/Ravenshaw_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Ravenshaw College">Ravenshaw College</a> to take on social, economic and political problems and become responsible citizens. While leading a team to serve flood victims, Gopabandhu heard that his son was seriously ill. He preferred, however, to save the "sons of the soil" rather than his own son. His mission was to reform society and develop education in the name of a social service vision. He lost his wife at age twenty-eight, after losing all three of his sons. He left his two daughters and his property in the village with his elder brother, rejecting worldly life. For this social service mission he is regarded by Odias as the Utkalmani. </p><p>As freedom movements began, a new era in literary thought emerged influenced by <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">nationalism</a>. Gopabandhu was a large part of this idealistic movement, founding a school in Satyabadi and influencing many writers. Other famous writers included Godabarisha Mishra, Nilakantha Dash, Harihara Acharya, and Krupasinshu. They are known as 'Panchasakhas' for their similarities with the historical Age of Panchasakhas. Their principle genres were criticism, essays and poetry. </p><p>Chintamani Das is particularly renowned. He was born in 1903 in Sriramachandrapur village near Sakhigopal. He was bestowed with the Sahitya Akademi Samman in 1970 for his contributions. Some of his well-known literary works are <i>Manishi Nilakantha</i>, <i>Bhala Manisa Hua</i>, <i>Usha</i>, <i>Barabati</i>, <i>Byasakabi Fakiramohan</i> and <i>Kabi Godabarisha</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Age_of_Romanticism_or_Sabuja_Yuga">Age of Romanticism or Sabuja Yuga</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odia_literature&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Age of Romanticism or Sabuja Yuga"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Odia_literature" title="Special:EditPage/Odia literature">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>During the 1930s Odia literature was Influenced by the romantic thoughts of <a href="/wiki/Rabindranath_Tagore" title="Rabindranath Tagore">Rabindranath Tagore</a> and progressive Marxist movements. Kalindi Charan Panigrahi (the brother of Bhagabati Charan Panigrahi who founded Marxism in Odisha) formed a group called "Sabuja Samiti" with two of his writer friends <a href="/wiki/Annada_Shankar_Ray" title="Annada Shankar Ray">Annada Shankar Ray</a> and Baikuntha Patnaik. This was a short period in Odia literature, later folded into Gandhian and Marxist work. <a href="/wiki/Kalindi_Charan_Panigrahi" title="Kalindi Charan Panigrahi">Kalindi Charan Panigrahi</a> later wrote his famous novel <i><a href="/wiki/Matira_Manisha" title="Matira Manisha">Matira Manisha</a></i>, which was influenced by Gandhism, and Annada Shankar Ray left for Bengali literature. Mayadhar Mansingh was a renowned poet of that time, but though he was considered a Romantic poet he kept his distance from the influence of Rabindranath. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pragati_Yuga">Pragati Yuga</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odia_literature&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Pragati Yuga"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nabajuga Sahitya Sansad, formed in 1935, was one of India's first progressive literary organizations, contemporaneous to other <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Writers%27_Movement" title="Progressive Writers' Movement">progressive writers' movements</a>. The founders of the Progressive Movement in Odisha were Nabakrushna Choudhury, Bhagabati Panigrahi and Ananta Patnaik. At the inaugural session of Nabajuga Sahitya Sansad, freedom fighter Malati Choudhury sang "Nabeena Jugara Taruna Jagare" written by Ananta Patnaik. Nabajuga Sahity Sansad published <i>Adhunika</i>, the first progressive literary magazine in Odia. <i>Adhuinka</i> was conceived, initiated, edited, published and nurtured by <a href="/wiki/Bhagabati_Charan_Panigrahi" title="Bhagabati Charan Panigrahi">Bhagabati Charan Panigrahi</a> and Ananta Patnaik. Many writers of that time wrote in <i>Adhunika</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pati_2001_p._86_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pati_2001_p._86-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-George_Sahitya_Akademi_1992_p._307_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-George_Sahitya_Akademi_1992_p._307-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_age">Modern age</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odia_literature&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Modern age"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Purnachandra_Odia_Bhashakosha"><i>Purnachandra Odia Bhashakosha</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odia_literature&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Purnachandra Odia Bhashakosha"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>Purnachandra Odia Bhashakosha</i> is a 7-volume Odia dictionary/encyclopedia of about 9,500 pages published between 1930 and 1940. It was compiled by <a href="/wiki/Gopal_Chandra_Praharaj" class="mw-redirect" title="Gopal Chandra Praharaj">Gopal Chandra Praharaj</a> (1874–1945) over nearly three decades. Praharaj conceived of and compiled the work and also raised the money to print it through public donations, grants and subscriptions and supervised the printing and the sales of the published work. </p><p>It lists some 185,000 words and their meanings in four languages – Odia, English, Hindi and Bengali. It includes quotations from classical works illustrating the usage of various words. It includes information such as botanical names of local plants, information on astronomy and long articles on various topics of local interest. It also includes biographies of personalities connected with Odisha's history and culture. </p><p><i>Purnachandra Odia Bhashakosha</i> touches on many aspects of Odia and Odisha, as well as many topics of general interest. Its author was a lawyer by profession and was ridiculed and reviled during production. Many printed copies were destroyed unbound and unsold. Many copies sat in libraries of princes who had patronised the work. Most of these copies were sold cheaply when the princes met financial straits. Few copies survive, and those that exist are fragile and worm-damaged. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Poetry">Poetry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odia_literature&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Poetry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Cleanup-list plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>may contain <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">unverified</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_an_indiscriminate_collection_of_information" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">indiscriminate</a> information</b> in <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Embedded_lists" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Embedded lists">embedded lists</a>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Odia_literature&action=edit">clean up the lists</a> by removing items or incorporating them into the text of the article.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2021</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>As the successors of Sachi Routray, the father of modern Odia poetry,<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Guruprasad Mohanty and Bhanuji Rao were influenced by <a href="/wiki/T.S._Eliot" class="mw-redirect" title="T.S. Eliot">T.S. Eliot</a> and published a co-authored poetry book <i>Nutan Kabita</i>. <a href="/wiki/Ramakanta_Rath" title="Ramakanta Rath">Ramakanta Rath</a> later modified Eliot's ideas in his own work. According to Rath: "After the publication of Kalapurusha Guru Prasad's poetry collection influenced by T.S. Eliot's <i>The Waste Land</i> we realized that a sense of alienation is the main ingredient of modern poetry."<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Before independence Odia poetry was mostly written with Sanskritic or "literary" idiom, but after independence poets freely used of Western concepts, idioms, images and adaptation of Western myths. <a href="/wiki/Ramakanta_Rath" title="Ramakanta Rath">Ramakanta Rath</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sitakant_Mahapatra" title="Sitakant Mahapatra">Sitakant Mahapatra</a>, Soubhagya Kumar Mishra, <a href="/wiki/Rajendra_Kishore_Panda" title="Rajendra Kishore Panda">Rajendra Kishore Panda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pratibha_Satpathy" title="Pratibha Satpathy">Pratibha Satpathy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mamata_Dash" title="Mamata Dash">Mamata Dash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haraprasad_Das" title="Haraprasad Das">Haraprasad Das</a> and Goutam Jena are the best known. </p><p>The early 1980s introduced poets with new thoughts and styles. They mixed Odia heritage and culture with the feelings of common people. They were somehow nearer to the readers as they avoided ambiguity in their expression. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fiction">Fiction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odia_literature&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Fiction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Before_the_1970s">Before the 1970s</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odia_literature&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Before the 1970s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the post-independence era Odia fiction took a new direction. The trend that Fakir Mohan started grew after independence, led by <a href="/wiki/Gopinath_Mohanty" title="Gopinath Mohanty">Gopinath Mohanty</a> (1914–1991), <a href="/wiki/Surendra_Mohanty" title="Surendra Mohanty">Surendra Mohanty</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manoj_Das" title="Manoj Das">Manoj Das</a> (1934–2021 ). These authors pioneered the trend of developing or projecting the "individual as protagonist" in Odia fiction. Eminent feminist writer and critic <a href="/wiki/Sarojini_Sahoo" title="Sarojini Sahoo">Sarojini Sahoo</a> believes that Surendra Mohanty's "Ruti O Chandra" should be considered the first story of the individualistic approach, rather than Gopinath's story "Dan".<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The major difference between the two is that Gopinath is more optimistic while Surendra is nihilistic. This nihilism prepared the ground for an existentialist movement in Odia literature. </p><p>Surendra Mohanty's short story collections and novels include <i>Krushna Chuda</i>, <i>Mahanagarira Rati</i>, <i>Ruti O Chandra</i>, <i>Maralara Mrutyu</i>, <i>Shesha Kabita</i>, <i>Dura Simanta</i>, <i>Oh Calcutta</i>, <i>Kabi-O- Nartaki</i>, <i>Sabuja Patra-O-Dhusara Golap</i>, <i>Nila Shaila</i> and <i>Andha Diganta</i>. </p><p>In his fiction <a href="/wiki/Gopinath_Mohanty" title="Gopinath Mohanty">Gopinath Mohanty</a> explores all aspects of Odishan life, including the plains and the hills. He uses a lyrical prose style, adopting the day-to-day speech of ordinary men and women. Gopinath's first novel, <i>Mana Gahtra Chasa</i>, was published in 1940, followed by <i>Dadi Budha</i> (1944), <i>Paraja</i> (1945) and <i>Amrutara Santan</i> (1947). He published 24 novels, 10 collections of short stories, three plays, two biographies, two volumes of critical essays and five books on the languages of Kandh, <a href="/wiki/Gadaba" class="mw-redirect" title="Gadaba">Gadaba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saora" class="mw-redirect" title="Saora">Saora</a> tribes. He translated <a href="/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy" title="Leo Tolstoy">Tolstoy's</a> <i>War and Peace</i> (<i>Yuddh O Shanti</i>) in three volumes (tr. 1985–86) and Tagore's <i><a href="/wiki/Jogajog" title="Jogajog">Jogajog</a></i> (tr. 1965) into Odia. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kalpanakumari_Devi" title="Kalpanakumari Devi">Kalpanakumari Devi</a>'s sequence of novels, in particular, her <i>Srushti o pralaya</i> (1959), documented social change in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Starting his literary career as a communist and later becoming an Aurobindian philosopher, <a href="/wiki/Manoj_Das" title="Manoj Das">Manoj Das</a> wrote in Odia and English. His major Odia works are: <i>Shesha Basantara Chithi</i> (1966), <i>Manoj Dasanka Katha O Kahani</i> (1971), <i>Dhumabha Diganta</i> (1971), <i>Manojpancabimsati</i> (1977) and <i>Tuma Gam O Anyanya Kabita</i> (1992). Notable English works include <i>The crocodile's lady : a collection of stories</i> (1975), <i>The submerged valley and other stories</i>, <i>Farewell to a ghost : short stories and a novelette</i> (1994), <i>Cyclones</i> (1987) and <i>A tiger at twilight</i> (1991). </p><p>Ananta Charan Sukla's short story collection, <i>Sulataku Sesa Chitthi</i> (Last Letter to Sulata) was published in 1965. The ten stories included in this book are "Sulataku Sesa Chitthi", "Kapilas", "Janeika Kulapati-nka Mrutyu", "Tandril Ru Tornoto", "Mystic Realistic", "Prasanta Samudra: Asanta Lahari", "Nalakula Matha, Nepala Babu O Narana", "Daudana Bada Khara", "Duragata" and "Sandipani-ra Symphony". </p><p>Other significant pre-1970s fiction writers are Bama Charan Mitra, Chandrasekhar Rath, <a href="/wiki/Santanu_Kumar_Acharya" title="Santanu Kumar Acharya">Shantanu Kumar Acharya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mohapatra_Nilamani_Sahoo" title="Mohapatra Nilamani Sahoo">Mohapatra Nilamani Sahoo</a>, Akhil Mohan Patnaik, Gobind Das, Rabi Patnaik and <a href="/wiki/Jagannath_Prasad_Das" title="Jagannath Prasad Das">Jagannath Prasad Das</a>. Chandra Sekhar Rath's novel <i>Jantrarudha</i> is a classic of this period. Shantanu Acharya's novel <i>Nara-Kinnara</i> was also influential. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="After_the_1970s">After the 1970s</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odia_literature&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: After the 1970s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 1960s a small magazine <i>Uan Neo Lu</i> in Cuttack, challenged these authors' approaches. The title of the magazine was made up of three unused Odia alphabets. Writers associated with the magazine included Annada Prasad Ray, Guru Mohanty, Kailash Lenka, and Akshyay Mohanty. These writers began a revolution in Odia fiction. They introduced sexuality in their work and created a new prose style. In the late 1960s many "groups" of writers emerged from different parts of Odisha. Anamas from Puri, Abadhutas from Balugaon, Panchamukhi from Balangir, Abujha from Berhampur and Akshara group from Sambalpur created a sensation. </p><p>Changes that started in the 1960s were confirmed in the next decade by authors such as Jagadish Mohanty, Kanheilal Das, Satya Mishra, Ramchandra Behera, Tarun Kanti Mishra, Padmaja Pal, <a href="/wiki/Yashodhara_Mishra" title="Yashodhara Mishra">Yashodhara Mishra</a> and Sarojini Sahoo. Kanheilal Das and Jagadish Mohanty began creating a style popular among a general audience as well as intellectuals. Jagadish Mohanty introduced <a href="/wiki/Existentialism" title="Existentialism">existentialism</a> to Odia literature. His works include <i>Ekaki Ashwarohi</i>, <i>Dakshina Duari Ghara</i>, <i>Album</i>, <i>Dipahara Dekhinathiba Lokotie</i>, <i>Nian O Anyanya Galpo</i>, <i>Mephestophelesera Pruthibi</i>, <i>Nija Nija Panipatha</i>, <i>Kanishka Kanishka, Uttaradhikar,</i> and <i>Adrushya Sakal</i>. </p><p>Ramchandra Behera is known for short story collections <i>Dwitiya Shmashana</i>, <i>Abashishta Ayusha</i>, <i>Omkara Dhwani</i>, <i>Bhagnangshara Swapna</i> and <i>Achinha Pruthibi</i>. Padmaj Pal is known for short story collections, including <i>Eaglera Nakha Danta</i>, <i>Sabuthu Sundar Pakshi</i>, <i>Jibanamaya</i> and <i>Uttara Purusha</i>. Tarun Kanti Mishra emerged during the 1970s as a powerful storyteller with an elegant style, full of poise and vigor. His outstanding works include <i>Sharadah Shatam</i> ( A Thousand Autumns), – a novel dealing with resettlement and rehabilitation of displaced persons from East Pakistan, now Bangladesh—and anthologies of short stories such as <i>Komal Gandhar</i>, <i>Bitansa</i>, <i>Bhaswati</i> and <i>Akash Setu</i>. </p><p>Sarojini Sahoo, who became known as a feminist writer, contributed to Odia fiction. Her novel <i>Gambhiri Ghara</i> is a landmark, that gained international recognition for its feminist and liberal ideas. Her other works include <i>Amrutara Pratikshare</i>, <i>Chowkatha</i>, <i>Upanibesh</i>, <i>Pratibandi</i>, <i>Paksibasa</i>, <i>Tarlijauthiba Durga</i>, <i>Dukha Apramita</i>, <i>Gambhiri Ghara</i> and <i>Mahajatra</i>. Kanaklata Hati, another women fiction writer whose writing featured psychoanalysis of the female mind. To date she published two story collections, <i>Nirbak Pahada</i> and <i>Kuhudi Ghara</i>. Her story collections <i>Galpa Galpantara</i> and <i>Praibeshi Galpa</i> were translated. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Popular_fiction">Popular fiction</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odia_literature&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Popular fiction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A popular Odia literature emerged in the 1970s, particularly read by <a href="/wiki/Rural_women" title="Rural women">rural women</a>. The best selling writers are Bhagirathi Das, Kanduri Das, Bhagwana Das, <a href="/wiki/Bibhuti_Patnaik" title="Bibhuti Patnaik">Bibhuti Patnaik</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pratibha_Ray" title="Pratibha Ray">Pratibha Ray</a>. Some of their works were made into Odia films. In recent times Rabi Kaunungo, <a href="/wiki/Tarun_Kanti_Mishra" title="Tarun Kanti Mishra">Tarun Kanti Mishra</a>, Ajay Swain, Mrinal Chatterjee, Radhu Mishra, Dr Laxmikant Tripathy, Nisith Bose, Suniti Mund, Anjan Chand and Dr. Kulangara contributed to popular writing. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Women_writers">Women writers</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odia_literature&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Women writers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Women's magazine <i>Sucharita</i> was founded in 1975 by <a href="/wiki/Sakuntala_Panda" title="Sakuntala Panda">Sakuntala Panda</a>. It had a significant impact in helping female writers find an audience.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Its writers include Giribala Mohanty, Jayanti Rath, <a href="/wiki/Susmita_Bagchi" title="Susmita Bagchi">Susmita Bagchi</a>. <a href="/wiki/Paramita_Satpathy" title="Paramita Satpathy">Paramita Satpathy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hiranmayee_Mishra" title="Hiranmayee Mishra">Hiranmayee Mishra</a>, Chirashree Indra Singh, Sairindhree Sahoo, Supriya Panda, <a href="/wiki/Gayatri_Saraf" title="Gayatri Saraf">Gayatri Saraf</a>, Suniti Mund and Mamatamay. Chowdhry. Giribala Mohanty (1947–) is noted for her deep sensitiveness for women's issues. Her poems depict the binary of women's social apathy and self-confidence. Her collections of poems include <i>Streeloka</i> (Women), <i>Kalijhia</i> (The Dark complexion Girl), <i>Ma Habara Dukha</i> (The sorrow of being a mother) and <i>Kati Katia Katyayani</i>. Sahoo had a significant influence on these women. Sahoo claims that women are an "Other" from the masculine perspective, but that they are entitled to equal human rights according to <a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a>. Suniti Mund's story book <i>Anustupa</i>, poetry book <i>Jhia</i> and novels <i>Abhisapta</i>, <i>Agarbatira Ghara</i>, <i>Matrimony dot com</i> and <i>Gigolo</i> also present a feminist voice. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Drama">Drama</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odia_literature&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Drama"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The traditional Odia theater is the folk opera, or <a href="/wiki/Jatra_(theatre)" title="Jatra (theatre)">jatra</a>, which flourishes in rural Odisha. Modern theater is not commercially viable, although in the 1960s experimental theatre made a mark through the works of <a href="/wiki/Manoranjan_Das" title="Manoranjan Das">Manoranjan Das</a>, who pioneered an experimental theater movement. Bijay Mishra, Biswajit Das, Kartik Rath, Ramesh Prasad Panigrahi, Ratnakar Chaini, Prasanna Das, Pramod Kumar Tripathy, Sankar Tripathy, Ranjit Patnaik, Dr. Pradip Bhowmic, Hemendra Mahapatra, Dr. Panchanana Patra and Purna Chandra Mallick continued the tradition. Tripathy's contribution to the growth and development of <span title="Odia-language romanization"><i lang="or-Latn">lok natakas</i></span> is recognised.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Ananta_Charan_Sukla" title="Ananta Charan Sukla">Ananta Charan Sukla</a> translated four classic Greek dramas. His 1974 book, <i>Greek Drama</i> has translations (with commentary) of <i><a href="/wiki/Prometheus_Bound" title="Prometheus Bound">Prometheus Bound</a></i> (by Aeschylus), <i><a href="/wiki/Oedipus_the_King" class="mw-redirect" title="Oedipus the King">Oedipus the King</a></i> (by Sophocles), <a href="/wiki/Medea_(play)" title="Medea (play)">Medea</a> (by Euripides) and <a href="/wiki/The_Frogs" title="The Frogs">The Frogs</a> (by Aristophanes). Sukla's translations were staged in various colleges and universities. He wrote two historical plays on Odia freedom fighters <a href="/wiki/Chakhi_Khuntia" title="Chakhi Khuntia">Chakhi Khuntia</a> and Jayee Rajguru that were widely staged. Amateur theater groups and drama competitions operate there. Opera is commercially viable. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Science_fiction">Science fiction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odia_literature&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Science fiction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Popular science fiction writers include <a href="/wiki/Prana_Krushna_Parija" title="Prana Krushna Parija">Prana Krushna Parija</a>, Padmashree <a href="/wiki/Binod_Kanungo" title="Binod Kanungo">Binod Kanungo</a>, Prof <a href="/wiki/Gokulananda_Mohapatra" class="mw-redirect" title="Gokulananda Mohapatra">Gokulananda Mohapatra</a>, Prof Gadadhar Mishra, Prof Kulamani Samal, Sarat Kumar Mohanty, Prof Amulya Kumar Panda, <a href="/wiki/Dr._Nikhilanand_Panigrahy" class="mw-redirect" title="Dr. Nikhilanand Panigrahy">Dr. Nikhilanand Panigrahy</a>, Dr. Debakanta Mishra, <a href="/wiki/Dr.Ramesh_Chandra_Parida" class="mw-redirect" title="Dr.Ramesh Chandra Parida">Dr.Ramesh Chandra Parida</a>, Sashibhusan Rath, Dr. Chitta Ranjan Mishra, Dr. Nityananada Swain, Dr. Choudhury Satybrata Nanda, Er. Mayadhar Swain, <a href="/wiki/Kamalakanta_Jena" title="Kamalakanta Jena">Kamalakanta Jena</a>, Himansu Sekhar Fatesingh and Bibhuprasad Mohapatra. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Dr._Nikhilanand_Panigrahy" class="mw-redirect" title="Dr. Nikhilanand Panigrahy">Nikhilanand Panigrahy</a>'s <i>Sampratikatara Anuchintare Bigyan O Baigyanik</i> became popular. Sashibhusan Rath's <i>Vigyan Chinta</i> and <a href="/wiki/Kamalakanta_Jena" title="Kamalakanta Jena">Kamalakanta Jena</a>'s <i>Gapare Gapare Bigyan</i> (Awarded by Odisha Bigyan Academy 2011) are written for children and adults. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Odia_and_world_literature">Odia and world literature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odia_literature&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Odia and world literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Odia_translation_of_classics">Odia translation of classics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odia_literature&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Odia translation of classics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first foreign book to be translated into Odia was the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a>'s <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> in 1809. It was followed by translation of <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_poetry" title="Hebrew poetry">Hebrew poems</a> by J. Carey in 1814 and <a href="/wiki/John_Bunyan" title="John Bunyan">John Bunyan's</a> classic <i><a href="/wiki/The_Pilgrim%27s_Progress" title="The Pilgrim's Progress">The Pilgrim's Progress</a></i> by A. Sutton in 1820. <a href="/wiki/Madhusudan_Rao" title="Madhusudan Rao">Madhusudan Rao</a> translated <a href="/wiki/William_Cowper" title="William Cowper">William Cowper's</a> <i>Solitude of Alexander Selkirk</i> as <i>Nirbasitara Vilaapa</i>. Other notable translations include <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Arnold" title="Matthew Arnold">Arnold</a>'s and <a href="/wiki/Tennyson" class="mw-redirect" title="Tennyson">Tennyson</a>'s classics translated by <a href="/wiki/Godabarish_Mishra" class="mw-redirect" title="Godabarish Mishra">Godabarish Mishra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nilakantha_Das" title="Nilakantha Das">Nilakantha Das</a>, besides translation of <i><a href="/wiki/Sohrab_and_Rustum" title="Sohrab and Rustum">Sohrab and Rustum</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Radha_Mohan_Gadanayak" title="Radha Mohan Gadanayak">Radha Mohan Gadanayak</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/Don_Quixote" title="Don Quixote">Don Quixote</a></i> by Govinda Tripathy etc.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prof. <a href="/wiki/Ananta_Charan_Sukla" title="Ananta Charan Sukla">Ananta Charan Sukla</a>'s translation (with commentary) of Aristotle's <i>Poetics</i> (ଆରିଷ୍ଟୋଟଲଙ୍କ କାବ୍ୟ ତତ୍ତ୍ୱ) published in the late 1960s was only the second translation of this classic in any Indian language. Classics including children's literature were translated by <i>Grantha Mandir Publishers</i> under their "Vishwa Sahitya Granthamala" (<i>World Literature Series</i>) initiative, including <i><a href="/wiki/Alice_in_Wonderland" class="mw-redirect" title="Alice in Wonderland">Alice in Wonderland</a></i> translated by Subhendu Mohan Srichandan Singh as <i>Vichitra Deshare Alice</i> (ବିଚିତ୍ର ଦେଶରେ ଆଲିସ୍ ).<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Translation_of_Odia_works_into_world_languages">Translation of Odia works into world languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odia_literature&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Translation of Odia works into world languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Translation of Odia literature into other world languages is mostly into English. The most well known translations are Fakir Mohan's novels <i>Six Acres and Half</i> by Rabi Shankar Mishra, <i>Lachhama</i> by Chandan Das and <i>The Penance</i> by <a href="/wiki/Snehaprava_Das" title="Snehaprava Das">Snehaprava Das</a>. Madhusudan Pati has translated <a href="/wiki/Gangadhar_Meher" title="Gangadhar Meher">Gangadhar Meher</a>'s <i>Tapaswini</i> and <i>Pranaya Ballari</i> into English.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other notable translations include <i>Basanti</i> and <i>Greatest Odia Stories</i> by <a href="/wiki/Paul_St._Pierre" title="Paul St. Pierre">Paul St. Pierre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gopinath_Mohanty" title="Gopinath Mohanty">Gopinath Mohanty</a>'s <i>Paraja</i> by Bikram Das, Spark of Light by <a href="/wiki/Valerie_Henitiuk" title="Valerie Henitiuk">Valerie Henitiuk</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Kalahandi_(poem)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalahandi (poem)"><i>Kalahandi</i></a> by <a href="/wiki/Tapan_Kumar_Pradhan" title="Tapan Kumar Pradhan">Tapan Kumar Pradhan</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Odia_in_United_States_of_America">Odia in United States of America</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odia_literature&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Odia in United States of America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An initiative, Pratishruti, was started to connect literary minded people in North America with their Indian peers. The goal is to expose Indian-Americans to the best writings of Odia writers as well as to cultivate new Odia writers in America. </p><p>Black Eagle Books, a non-profit publishing initiative was started in April 2019 to propagate Odia literature globally through publication and translation projects. To encourage new writers, Black Eagle Books started "Black Eagle Books First Book Award". The award for 2019 was given to Niharika Mallick for her translation anthology of contemporary Hindi short stories in Odia, <i>Adhunika Hindi Galpamala</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odia_literature&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abolakara" title="Abolakara">Abolakara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_literature" title="Indian literature">Indian literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_poetry" title="Indian poetry">Indian poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Beames" title="John Beames">John Beames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laxmi_Puran" class="mw-redirect" title="Laxmi Puran">Laxmi Puran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madala_Panji" title="Madala Panji">Madala Panji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebati" title="Rebati">Rebati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six_Acres_and_a_Third" title="Six Acres and a Third">Six Acres and a Third</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utkala_Bhramanam" class="mw-redirect" title="Utkala Bhramanam">Utkala Bhramanam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalit_literature#Dalit_literature_in_Odia" title="Dalit literature">Dalit literature#Dalit literature in Odia</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odia_literature&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPrustyPattanayak2015" class="citation book cs1">Prusty, Subrat Kumar; Pattanayak, Debi Prasanna (2015). <i>Classical Odia in Historical Perspective</i> (1st ed.). Bhubaneswar: Odisha Sahitya Akademi. p. 94. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788175861985" title="Special:BookSources/9788175861985"><bdi>9788175861985</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Classical+Odia+in+Historical+Perspective&rft.place=Bhubaneswar&rft.pages=94&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Odisha+Sahitya+Akademi&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9788175861985&rft.aulast=Prusty&rft.aufirst=Subrat+Kumar&rft.au=Pattanayak%2C+Debi+Prasanna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mukherjee-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mukherjee_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mukherjee, Prabhat. <i>The History of medieval Vaishnavism in Odisha</i>. Chapter: <i>The Sidhacharyas in Odisha</i> Page 55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMohanty2006" class="citation book cs1">Mohanty, Jatindra Mohan (1 January 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HkMLAQAAMAAJ"><i>History of Oriya Literature</i></a>. Vidya. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788190343800" title="Special:BookSources/9788190343800"><bdi>9788190343800</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Oriya+Literature&rft.pub=Vidya&rft.date=2006-01-01&rft.isbn=9788190343800&rft.aulast=Mohanty&rft.aufirst=Jatindra+Mohan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHkMLAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatnaik1989" class="citation book cs1">Patnaik, Durga Prasad (1 January 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=90_qAeMT1bwC"><i>Palm Leaf Etchings of Orissa</i></a>. Abhinav Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788170172482" title="Special:BookSources/9788170172482"><bdi>9788170172482</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Palm+Leaf+Etchings+of+Orissa&rft.pub=Abhinav+Publications&rft.date=1989-01-01&rft.isbn=9788170172482&rft.aulast=Patnaik&rft.aufirst=Durga+Prasad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D90_qAeMT1bwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShipley1946" class="citation book cs1">Shipley, Joseph Twadell (1 January 1946). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofli01ship"><i>Encyclopedia of literature</i></a></span>. Philosophical Library.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+literature&rft.pub=Philosophical+Library&rft.date=1946-01-01&rft.aulast=Shipley&rft.aufirst=Joseph+Twadell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaofli01ship&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sahitya_Akademi-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sahitya_Akademi_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sahitya_Akademi_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sahitya_Akademi_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sahitya_Akademi_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sahitya_Akademi_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sahitya_Akademi_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KYLpvaKJIMEC"><i>Medieval Indian Literature: Surveys and selections</i></a>. Sahitya Akademi. 1 January 1997. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788126003655" title="Special:BookSources/9788126003655"><bdi>9788126003655</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Indian+Literature%3A+Surveys+and+selections&rft.pub=Sahitya+Akademi&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.isbn=9788126003655&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKYLpvaKJIMEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Garg1992-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Garg1992_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGaṅgā_Rām_Garg1992" class="citation book cs1">Gaṅgā Rām Garg (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=w9pmo51lRnYC&pg=PA77"><i>Encyclopaedia of the Hindu World</i></a>. Concept Publishing Company. pp. 77–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7022-374-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7022-374-0"><bdi>978-81-7022-374-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+the+Hindu+World&rft.pages=77-&rft.pub=Concept+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-81-7022-374-0&rft.au=Ga%E1%B9%85g%C4%81+R%C4%81m+Garg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dw9pmo51lRnYC%26pg%3DPA77&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-odiya.org-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-odiya.org_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-odiya.org_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-odiya.org_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120708065325/http://www.odiya.org/misc/sahitya.shtml">"History of Oriya Literature"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.odiya.org/misc/sahitya.shtml">the original</a> on 8 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Oriya+Literature&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.odiya.org%2Fmisc%2Fsahitya.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://odisha.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/2014/mar/engpdf/26-29.pdf">Orissa Review</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RayRāẏa1981-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RayRāẏa1981_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFB._C._RayBhabānī_Caraṇa_Rāẏa1981" class="citation book cs1">B. C. Ray; Bhabānī Caraṇa Rāẏa (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FgUeAAAAMAAJ"><i>Orissa Under the Mughals: From Akbar to Alivardi : a Fascinating Study of the Socio-economic and Cultural History of Orissa</i></a>. Punthi Pustak.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Orissa+Under+the+Mughals%3A+From+Akbar+to+Alivardi+%3A+a+Fascinating+Study+of+the+Socio-economic+and+Cultural+History+of+Orissa&rft.pub=Punthi+Pustak&rft.date=1981&rft.au=B.+C.+Ray&rft.au=Bhab%C4%81n%C4%AB+Cara%E1%B9%87a+R%C4%81%E1%BA%8Fa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFgUeAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gupta1987-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gupta1987_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKamala_Gupta1987" class="citation book cs1">Kamala Gupta (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vk8qAAAAYAAJ"><i>Social status of Hindu women in northern India, 1206–1707 AD</i></a>. Inter-India Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-210-0179-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-210-0179-3"><bdi>978-81-210-0179-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Social+status+of+Hindu+women+in+northern+India%2C+1206%E2%80%931707+AD&rft.pub=Inter-India+Publications&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-81-210-0179-3&rft.au=Kamala+Gupta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dvk8qAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPanda1991" class="citation book cs1">Panda, Shishir Kumar (1 January 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=C_LT5Q-f3YEC&pg=PA107"><i>Medieval Orissa: A Socio-economic Study</i></a>. Mittal Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788170992615" title="Special:BookSources/9788170992615"><bdi>9788170992615</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Orissa%3A+A+Socio-economic+Study&rft.pub=Mittal+Publications&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.isbn=9788170992615&rft.aulast=Panda&rft.aufirst=Shishir+Kumar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DC_LT5Q-f3YEC%26pg%3DPA107&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPanda1991" class="citation book cs1">Panda, Shishir Kumar (1 January 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=C_LT5Q-f3YEC&pg=PA4"><i>Medieval Orissa: A Socio-economic Study</i></a>. Mittal Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788170992615" title="Special:BookSources/9788170992615"><bdi>9788170992615</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Orissa%3A+A+Socio-economic+Study&rft.pub=Mittal+Publications&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.isbn=9788170992615&rft.aulast=Panda&rft.aufirst=Shishir+Kumar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DC_LT5Q-f3YEC%26pg%3DPA4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDurga_Prasad_Patnaik1989" class="citation book cs1">Durga Prasad Patnaik (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=90_qAeMT1bwC&pg=PA11"><i>Palm Leaf Etchings of Orissa</i></a>. Abhinav Publications. p. 11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7017-248-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7017-248-2"><bdi>978-81-7017-248-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Palm+Leaf+Etchings+of+Orissa&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=Abhinav+Publications&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-81-7017-248-2&rft.au=Durga+Prasad+Patnaik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D90_qAeMT1bwC%26pg%3DPA11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSisir_Kumar_Das2005" class="citation book cs1">Sisir Kumar Das (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BC3l1AbPM8sC&pg=PA216"><i>A History of Indian Literature, 500-1399: From Courtly to the Popular</i></a>. Sahitya Akademi. p. 216. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-260-2171-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-260-2171-0"><bdi>978-81-260-2171-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Indian+Literature%2C+500-1399%3A+From+Courtly+to+the+Popular&rft.pages=216&rft.pub=Sahitya+Akademi&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-81-260-2171-0&rft.au=Sisir+Kumar+Das&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBC3l1AbPM8sC%26pg%3DPA216&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEunice_de_Souza2012" class="citation book cs1">Eunice de Souza (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=P4rAAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT345"><i>These My Words: The Penguin Book of Indian Poetry</i></a>. Penguin Books Limited. p. 345. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-8475-793-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-8475-793-4"><bdi>978-81-8475-793-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=These+My+Words%3A+The+Penguin+Book+of+Indian+Poetry&rft.pages=345&rft.pub=Penguin+Books+Limited&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-81-8475-793-4&rft.au=Eunice+de+Souza&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DP4rAAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT345&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJatindra_Mohan_Mohanty2006" class="citation book cs1">Jatindra Mohan Mohanty (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HkMLAQAAMAAJ"><i>History of Oriya Literature</i></a>. Vidya. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-903438-0-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-903438-0-0"><bdi>978-81-903438-0-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Oriya+Literature&rft.pub=Vidya&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-81-903438-0-0&rft.au=Jatindra+Mohan+Mohanty&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHkMLAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSt-PierreKar2007" class="citation book cs1">St-Pierre, Paul; Kar, Prafulla C. (January 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=S37EdUramu0C&pg=PA171"><i>In Translation</i></a>. John Benjamins. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9027216793" title="Special:BookSources/978-9027216793"><bdi>978-9027216793</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+Translation&rft.pub=John+Benjamins&rft.date=2007-01&rft.isbn=978-9027216793&rft.aulast=St-Pierre&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.au=Kar%2C+Prafulla+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DS37EdUramu0C%26pg%3DPA171&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYadavaGautam1980" class="citation web cs1">Yadava, J. S.; Gautam, Vinayshil (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=waWQ8mAUrC8C&pg=PA174">"The Communication of Ideas"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Communication+of+Ideas&rft.date=1980&rft.aulast=Yadava&rft.aufirst=J.+S.&rft.au=Gautam%2C+Vinayshil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwaWQ8mAUrC8C%26pg%3DPA174&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDatta1988" class="citation book cs1">Datta, Amaresh (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zB4n3MVozbUC&pg=PA1188"><i>Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature</i></a>. Sahitya Akademi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788126011940" title="Special:BookSources/9788126011940"><bdi>9788126011940</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Indian+Literature&rft.pub=Sahitya+Akademi&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=9788126011940&rft.aulast=Datta&rft.aufirst=Amaresh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzB4n3MVozbUC%26pg%3DPA1188&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-books.google.co.in-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-books.google.co.in_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-books.google.co.in_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dqGojPpe8DIC&pg=PA448">"Indian Literature"</a>. 1988.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Indian+Literature&rft.date=1988&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdqGojPpe8DIC%26pg%3DPA448&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDas1977" class="citation web cs1">Das, Manmath Nath (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VsQBAAAAMAAJ">"Sidelights on History and Culture of Orissa"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sidelights+on+History+and+Culture+of+Orissa&rft.date=1977&rft.aulast=Das&rft.aufirst=Manmath+Nath&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVsQBAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xSduAAAAMAAJ">"The Orissa Historical Research Journal"</a>. 2004.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Orissa+Historical+Research+Journal&rft.date=2004&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxSduAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF(India)1966" class="citation web cs1">(India), Orissa (1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JDNuAAAAMAAJ">"Orissa District Gazetteers: Ganjam"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Orissa+District+Gazetteers%3A+Ganjam&rft.date=1966&rft.aulast=%28India%29&rft.aufirst=Orissa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJDNuAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMohanty2007" class="citation book cs1">Mohanty, Pramod Kumar (1 January 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3GzaAAAAMAAJ"><i>Colonialism and South Asia: Cuttack, 1803–1947</i></a>. R.N. Bhattacharya. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788187661528" title="Special:BookSources/9788187661528"><bdi>9788187661528</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Colonialism+and+South+Asia%3A+Cuttack%2C+1803%E2%80%931947&rft.pub=R.N.+Bhattacharya&rft.date=2007-01-01&rft.isbn=9788187661528&rft.aulast=Mohanty&rft.aufirst=Pramod+Kumar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3GzaAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMansinha1962" class="citation web cs1">Mansinha, Mayadhar (1962). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gwFIAAAAMAAJ">"History of Oriya literature"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Oriya+literature&rft.date=1962&rft.aulast=Mansinha&rft.aufirst=Mayadhar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgwFIAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPanda1991" class="citation book cs1">Panda, Shishir Kumar (January 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=C_LT5Q-f3YEC&pg=PA105"><i>Medieval Orissa</i></a>. Mittal Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788170992615" title="Special:BookSources/9788170992615"><bdi>9788170992615</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Orissa&rft.pub=Mittal+Publications&rft.date=1991-01&rft.isbn=9788170992615&rft.aulast=Panda&rft.aufirst=Shishir+Kumar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DC_LT5Q-f3YEC%26pg%3DPA105&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oaob.nitrkl.ac.in-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-oaob.nitrkl.ac.in_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oaob.nitrkl.ac.in_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oaob.nitrkl.ac.in/58/1/Prachina_Odia_Kabita.pdf">Prachina_Odia_Kabita</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Datta-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Datta_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Datta_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Datta_29-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDatta1987" class="citation book cs1">Datta, Amaresh (1 January 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ObFCT5_taSgC"><i>Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: A-Devo</i></a>. Sahitya Akademi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788126018031" title="Special:BookSources/9788126018031"><bdi>9788126018031</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Indian+Literature%3A+A-Devo&rft.pub=Sahitya+Akademi&rft.date=1987-01-01&rft.isbn=9788126018031&rft.aulast=Datta&rft.aufirst=Amaresh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DObFCT5_taSgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Abraham_Misrahi-Barak_2015_p._146-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Abraham_Misrahi-Barak_2015_p._146_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbrahamMisrahi-Barak2015" class="citation book cs1">Abraham, J.K.; Misrahi-Barak, J. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ph4-CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA146"><i>Dalit Literatures in India</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. p. 146. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-40880-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-40880-2"><bdi>978-1-317-40880-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dalit+Literatures+in+India&rft.pages=146&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-317-40880-2&rft.aulast=Abraham&rft.aufirst=J.K.&rft.au=Misrahi-Barak%2C+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPh4-CgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA146&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://puriwaves.nirmalya.in/saints/balarama-das">"Balarama Das"</a>. <i>Puriwaves</i>. 4 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Puriwaves&rft.atitle=Balarama+Das&rft.date=2021-12-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpuriwaves.nirmalya.in%2Fsaints%2Fbalarama-das&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-odisha.gov.in-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-odisha.gov.in_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-odisha.gov.in_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-odisha.gov.in_32-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-odisha.gov.in_32-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://odisha.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/2014/July/engpdf/69-73.pdf">Orissa Review July 2014</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151123234646/http://destinationodisha.com/2011/08/odia-poets-their-creations/">"Odia Poets & their creations"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://destinationodisha.com/2011/08/odia-poets-their-creations/">the original</a> on 23 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Odia+Poets+%26+their+creations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdestinationodisha.com%2F2011%2F08%2Fodia-poets-their-creations%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmaresh_Datta1987" class="citation book cs1">Amaresh Datta (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ObFCT5_taSgC&pg=PA351"><i>Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: A-Devo</i></a>. Sahitya Akademi. p. 351. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-260-1803-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-260-1803-1"><bdi>978-81-260-1803-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Indian+Literature%3A+A-Devo&rft.pages=351&rft.pub=Sahitya+Akademi&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-81-260-1803-1&rft.au=Amaresh+Datta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DObFCT5_taSgC%26pg%3DPA351&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFK._Ayyappa_Paniker1997" class="citation book cs1">K. Ayyappa Paniker (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KYLpvaKJIMEC&pg=PA401"><i>Medieval Indian Literature: Surveys and selections</i></a>. Sahitya Akademi. p. 401. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-260-0365-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-260-0365-5"><bdi>978-81-260-0365-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Indian+Literature%3A+Surveys+and+selections&rft.pages=401&rft.pub=Sahitya+Akademi&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-81-260-0365-5&rft.au=K.+Ayyappa+Paniker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKYLpvaKJIMEC%26pg%3DPA401&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dqGojPpe8DIC&pg=PA449"><i>Indian Literature</i></a>. Prabhat Prakashan. 1988. p. 449.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+Literature&rft.pages=449&rft.pub=Prabhat+Prakashan&rft.date=1988&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdqGojPpe8DIC%26pg%3DPA449&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://puriwaves.nirmalya.in/saints/achyutananda-das">"Achyutananda Das"</a>. <i>PURIWAVES</i>. 11 August 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PURIWAVES&rft.atitle=Achyutananda+Das&rft.date=2013-08-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpuriwaves.nirmalya.in%2Fsaints%2Fachyutananda-das&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmaresh_Datta1988" class="citation book cs1">Amaresh Datta (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zB4n3MVozbUC&pg=PA1420"><i>Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: Devraj to Jyoti</i></a>. Sahitya Akademi. p. 1420. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-260-1194-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-260-1194-0"><bdi>978-81-260-1194-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Indian+Literature%3A+Devraj+to+Jyoti&rft.pages=1420&rft.pub=Sahitya+Akademi&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-81-260-1194-0&rft.au=Amaresh+Datta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzB4n3MVozbUC%26pg%3DPA1420&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFK._Ayyappa_Paniker1997" class="citation book cs1">K. Ayyappa Paniker (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KYLpvaKJIMEC&pg=PA412"><i>Medieval Indian Literature: Surveys and selections</i></a>. Sahitya Akademi. p. 412. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-260-0365-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-260-0365-5"><bdi>978-81-260-0365-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Indian+Literature%3A+Surveys+and+selections&rft.pages=412&rft.pub=Sahitya+Akademi&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-81-260-0365-5&rft.au=K.+Ayyappa+Paniker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKYLpvaKJIMEC%26pg%3DPA412&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMohanty1993" class="citation book cs1">Mohanty, Janaki Ballabha (1 January 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xNi10M-NkOYC&pg=PA15"><i>Banamali Das</i></a>. Sahitya Akademi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788172014490" title="Special:BookSources/9788172014490"><bdi>9788172014490</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Banamali+Das&rft.pub=Sahitya+Akademi&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.isbn=9788172014490&rft.aulast=Mohanty&rft.aufirst=Janaki+Ballabha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxNi10M-NkOYC%26pg%3DPA15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-books.google.com-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-books.google.com_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-books.google.com_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDatta1988" class="citation book cs1">Datta, Amaresh (1 January 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zB4n3MVozbUC"><i>Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature</i></a>. Sahitya Akademi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788126011940" title="Special:BookSources/9788126011940"><bdi>9788126011940</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Indian+Literature&rft.pub=Sahitya+Akademi&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft.isbn=9788126011940&rft.aulast=Datta&rft.aufirst=Amaresh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzB4n3MVozbUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRout1972" class="citation book cs1">Rout, Savitiri (1 January 1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2SCzRH24LnAC"><i>Women Pioneers in Oriya Literature</i></a>. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788120825468" title="Special:BookSources/9788120825468"><bdi>9788120825468</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+Pioneers+in+Oriya+Literature&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass+Publishers&rft.date=1972-01-01&rft.isbn=9788120825468&rft.aulast=Rout&rft.aufirst=Savitiri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2SCzRH24LnAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDasSamsad2003" class="citation book cs1">Das, Harish Chandra; Samsad, State Level Vyasakabi Fakir Mohan Smruti (1 January 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BxRuAAAAMAAJ"><i>The cultural heritage of Khurda</i></a>. State Level Vyasakabi Fakir Mohan Smruti Samsad.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+cultural+heritage+of+Khurda&rft.pub=State+Level+Vyasakabi+Fakir+Mohan+Smruti+Samsad&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.aulast=Das&rft.aufirst=Harish+Chandra&rft.au=Samsad%2C+State+Level+Vyasakabi+Fakir+Mohan+Smruti&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBxRuAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF(India)1966" class="citation web cs1">(India), Orissa (1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0S9uAAAAMAAJ">"Orissa District Gazetteers: Kalahandi"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Orissa+District+Gazetteers%3A+Kalahandi&rft.date=1966&rft.aulast=%28India%29&rft.aufirst=Orissa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0S9uAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFK._Ayyappa_Paniker1997" class="citation book cs1">K. Ayyappa Paniker (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KYLpvaKJIMEC&pg=PA406"><i>Medieval Indian Literature: Surveys and selections</i></a>. Sahitya Akademi. p. 406. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-260-0365-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-260-0365-5"><bdi>978-81-260-0365-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Indian+Literature%3A+Surveys+and+selections&rft.pages=406&rft.pub=Sahitya+Akademi&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-81-260-0365-5&rft.au=K.+Ayyappa+Paniker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKYLpvaKJIMEC%26pg%3DPA406&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDas2000" class="citation book cs1">Das, Sisir Kumar (1 January 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sHklK65TKQ0C"><i>History of Indian Literature</i></a>. Sahitya Akademi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788172010065" title="Special:BookSources/9788172010065"><bdi>9788172010065</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Indian+Literature&rft.pub=Sahitya+Akademi&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.isbn=9788172010065&rft.aulast=Das&rft.aufirst=Sisir+Kumar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsHklK65TKQ0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-importantindia.com-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-importantindia.com_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-importantindia.com_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-importantindia.com_47-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-importantindia.com_47-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.importantindia.com/1617/history-of-oriya-literature/">"History of Oriya Literature (Odia Literature) - Important India"</a>. <i>Important India</i>. 17 August 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Important+India&rft.atitle=History+of+Oriya+Literature+%28Odia+Literature%29+-+Important+India&rft.date=2013-08-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.importantindia.com%2F1617%2Fhistory-of-oriya-literature%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://odisha.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/may-2007/engpdf/Page46-48.pdf">Orissa Review May 2007</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dqGojPpe8DIC"><i>Indian Literature</i></a>. Prabhat Prakashan. 1 January 1988.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+Literature&rft.pub=Prabhat+Prakashan&rft.date=1988-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdqGojPpe8DIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDatta1988" class="citation book cs1">Datta, Amaresh (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zB4n3MVozbUC&dq=Chautisha&pg=PA1425"><i>Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature</i></a>. Sahitya Akademi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788126011940" title="Special:BookSources/9788126011940"><bdi>9788126011940</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Indian+Literature&rft.pub=Sahitya+Akademi&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=9788126011940&rft.aulast=Datta&rft.aufirst=Amaresh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzB4n3MVozbUC%26dq%3DChautisha%26pg%3DPA1425&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRāẏa1981" class="citation web cs1">Rāẏa, Bhabānī Caraṇa (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FgUeAAAAMAAJ&q=chautisha">"Orissa Under the Mughals"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Orissa+Under+the+Mughals&rft.date=1981&rft.aulast=R%C4%81%E1%BA%8Fa&rft.aufirst=Bhab%C4%81n%C4%AB+Cara%E1%B9%87a&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFgUeAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dchautisha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://odisha.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/june_july-2007/engpdf/Pages25-26.pdf">Orissa Review June 2007</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDas2010" class="citation book cs1">Das, Suryanarayan (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gFn8wSDfSxEC&dq=Salabeg&pg=PA28"><i>Lord Jagannath</i></a>. Sanbun Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789380213224" title="Special:BookSources/9789380213224"><bdi>9789380213224</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lord+Jagannath&rft.pub=Sanbun+Publishers&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9789380213224&rft.aulast=Das&rft.aufirst=Suryanarayan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgFn8wSDfSxEC%26dq%3DSalabeg%26pg%3DPA28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDatta1987" class="citation book cs1">Datta, Amaresh (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ObFCT5_taSgC&dq=Dinakrushna+Das+1650&pg=PA863"><i>Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature</i></a>. Sahitya Akademi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788126018031" title="Special:BookSources/9788126018031"><bdi>9788126018031</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Indian+Literature&rft.pub=Sahitya+Akademi&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=9788126018031&rft.aulast=Datta&rft.aufirst=Amaresh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DObFCT5_taSgC%26dq%3DDinakrushna%2BDas%2B1650%26pg%3DPA863&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFS.manoharan2012" class="citation web cs1">S.manoharan (15 January 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.orissaspider.com/resources/3624-Biography-Kavi-Samrat-Upendra-Bhanja-Odisha.aspx">"Biography of Kavi Samrat Upendra Bhanja – A great Oriya Poet"</a>. <i>OrissaSpider.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OrissaSpider.com&rft.atitle=Biography+of+Kavi+Samrat+Upendra+Bhanja+%E2%80%93+A+great+Oriya+Poet&rft.date=2012-01-15&rft.au=S.manoharan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.orissaspider.com%2Fresources%2F3624-Biography-Kavi-Samrat-Upendra-Bhanja-Odisha.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrahma2006" class="citation web cs1">Brahma, Gouri Kumar (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NU77PgAACAAJ&q=upendra+bhanja">"The Greatness of Upendra Bhanja"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Greatness+of+Upendra+Bhanja&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Brahma&rft.aufirst=Gouri+Kumar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNU77PgAACAAJ%26q%3Dupendra%2Bbhanja&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDatta1987" class="citation book cs1">Datta, Amaresh (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ObFCT5_taSgC&dq=upendra+bhanja&pg=PA440"><i>Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature</i></a>. Sahitya Akademi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788126018031" title="Special:BookSources/9788126018031"><bdi>9788126018031</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Indian+Literature&rft.pub=Sahitya+Akademi&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=9788126018031&rft.aulast=Datta&rft.aufirst=Amaresh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DObFCT5_taSgC%26dq%3Dupendra%2Bbhanja%26pg%3DPA440&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMukherjee1998" class="citation book cs1">Mukherjee, Sujit (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YCJrUfVtZxoC&dq=upendra+bhanja&pg=PA201"><i>A Dictionary of Indian Literature: Beginnings–1850</i></a>. Orient Blackswan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788125014539" title="Special:BookSources/9788125014539"><bdi>9788125014539</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+Indian+Literature%3A+Beginnings%E2%80%931850&rft.pub=Orient+Blackswan&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9788125014539&rft.aulast=Mukherjee&rft.aufirst=Sujit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYCJrUfVtZxoC%26dq%3Dupendra%2Bbhanja%26pg%3DPA201&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMukherjee1998" class="citation book cs1">Mukherjee, Sujit (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YCJrUfVtZxoC&dq=dhananjay+bhanja+poet&pg=PA92"><i>A Dictionary of Indian Literature: Beginnings–1850</i></a>. Orient Blackswan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788125014539" title="Special:BookSources/9788125014539"><bdi>9788125014539</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+Indian+Literature%3A+Beginnings%E2%80%931850&rft.pub=Orient+Blackswan&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9788125014539&rft.aulast=Mukherjee&rft.aufirst=Sujit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYCJrUfVtZxoC%26dq%3Ddhananjay%2Bbhanja%2Bpoet%26pg%3DPA92&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ObFCT5_taSgC_p0-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ObFCT5_taSgC_p0_60-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ObFCT5_taSgC_p0_60-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDatta1987" class="citation book cs1">Datta, Amaresh (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ObFCT5_taSgC&dq=Tribikrama+bhanja&pg=PA363"><i>Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature</i></a>. Sahitya Akademi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788126018031" title="Special:BookSources/9788126018031"><bdi>9788126018031</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Indian+Literature&rft.pub=Sahitya+Akademi&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=9788126018031&rft.aulast=Datta&rft.aufirst=Amaresh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DObFCT5_taSgC%26dq%3DTribikrama%2Bbhanja%26pg%3DPA363&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDatta1987" class="citation book cs1">Datta, Amaresh (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ObFCT5_taSgC&dq=ghana+bhanja&pg=PA440"><i>Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature</i></a>. Sahitya Akademi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788126018031" title="Special:BookSources/9788126018031"><bdi>9788126018031</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Indian+Literature&rft.pub=Sahitya+Akademi&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=9788126018031&rft.aulast=Datta&rft.aufirst=Amaresh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DObFCT5_taSgC%26dq%3Dghana%2Bbhanja%26pg%3DPA440&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.orissadiary.com/personality/poet/ABHIMNYU_SAMANTA_SINGHARA%20.asp">"ABHIMNYU SAMANTA SINGHARA"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ABHIMNYU+SAMANTA+SINGHARA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.orissadiary.com%2Fpersonality%2Fpoet%2FABHIMNYU_SAMANTA_SINGHARA%2520.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDatta1987" class="citation book cs1">Datta, Amaresh (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ObFCT5_taSgC&dq=bidagdha+chintamani&pg=PA517"><i>Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature</i></a>. Sahitya Akademi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788126018031" title="Special:BookSources/9788126018031"><bdi>9788126018031</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Indian+Literature&rft.pub=Sahitya+Akademi&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=9788126018031&rft.aulast=Datta&rft.aufirst=Amaresh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DObFCT5_taSgC%26dq%3Dbidagdha%2Bchintamani%26pg%3DPA517&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorge1992" class="citation book cs1">George, K. M. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=m1R2Pa3f7r0C&dq=lyrical+odia+literature&pg=PA299"><i>Modern Indian Literature, an Anthology: Surveys and poems</i></a>. Sahitya Akademi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788172013240" title="Special:BookSources/9788172013240"><bdi>9788172013240</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+Indian+Literature%2C+an+Anthology%3A+Surveys+and+poems&rft.pub=Sahitya+Akademi&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=9788172013240&rft.aulast=George&rft.aufirst=K.+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dm1R2Pa3f7r0C%26dq%3Dlyrical%2Bodia%2Bliterature%26pg%3DPA299&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMohanty1993" class="citation book cs1">Mohanty, Janaki Ballabha (1 January 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xNi10M-NkOYC&q=banamali%2520das"><i>Banamali Das</i></a>. Sahitya Akademi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788172014490" title="Special:BookSources/9788172014490"><bdi>9788172014490</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Banamali+Das&rft.pub=Sahitya+Akademi&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.isbn=9788172014490&rft.aulast=Mohanty&rft.aufirst=Janaki+Ballabha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxNi10M-NkOYC%26q%3Dbanamali%252520das&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gurgaon.locanto.in/ID_221205969/Chitra-Pothi-Illustrated-Palm-Leaf-Manuscripts-from.html">"Chitra Pothi : Illustrated Palm Leaf Manuscripts from ..., Gurgaon"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chitra+Pothi+%3A+Illustrated+Palm+Leaf+Manuscripts+from+...%2C+Gurgaon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgurgaon.locanto.in%2FID_221205969%2FChitra-Pothi-Illustrated-Palm-Leaf-Manuscripts-from.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams1996" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Joanna Gottfried (January 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=22wCxbKAdmkC&dq=odia+chitra+kabya&pg=PA186"><i>The Two-headed Deer</i></a>. University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520080652" title="Special:BookSources/9780520080652"><bdi>9780520080652</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Two-headed+Deer&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1996-01&rft.isbn=9780520080652&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Joanna+Gottfried&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D22wCxbKAdmkC%26dq%3Dodia%2Bchitra%2Bkabya%26pg%3DPA186&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMohanty1988" class="citation web cs1">Mohanty, Janaki Ballabha (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZVkuAAAAMAAJ&q=pitambar+das+poet+oriya">"An Approach to Oriya Literature"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=An+Approach+to+Oriya+Literature&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=Mohanty&rft.aufirst=Janaki+Ballabha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZVkuAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dpitambar%2Bdas%2Bpoet%2Boriya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDatta1988" class="citation book cs1">Datta, Amaresh (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zB4n3MVozbUC&dq=pitambar+das+poet+oriya&pg=PA1188"><i>Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788126011940" title="Special:BookSources/9788126011940"><bdi>9788126011940</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Indian+Literature&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=9788126011940&rft.aulast=Datta&rft.aufirst=Amaresh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzB4n3MVozbUC%26dq%3Dpitambar%2Bdas%2Bpoet%2Boriya%26pg%3DPA1188&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAyyappa_Paniker1997" class="citation book cs1">Ayyappa Paniker, K. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KYLpvaKJIMEC&dq=pitambar+das+poet+oriya&pg=PA404"><i>Medieval Indian Literature: Surveys and selections</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788126003655" title="Special:BookSources/9788126003655"><bdi>9788126003655</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Indian+Literature%3A+Surveys+and+selections&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9788126003655&rft.aulast=Ayyappa+Paniker&rft.aufirst=K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKYLpvaKJIMEC%26dq%3Dpitambar%2Bdas%2Bpoet%2Boriya%26pg%3DPA404&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAyyappa_Paniker1997" class="citation book cs1">Ayyappa Paniker, K. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KYLpvaKJIMEC&dq=maguni+pattanaik+poet&pg=PA407"><i>Medieval Indian Literature: Surveys and selections</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788126003655" title="Special:BookSources/9788126003655"><bdi>9788126003655</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Indian+Literature%3A+Surveys+and+selections&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9788126003655&rft.aulast=Ayyappa+Paniker&rft.aufirst=K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKYLpvaKJIMEC%26dq%3Dmaguni%2Bpattanaik%2Bpoet%26pg%3DPA407&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amoodishara.com/2013/10/bhaktacharan-das-1729-1813.html">"BHAKTACHARAN DAS (1729 - 1813) ~ ଆମଓଡିଶାର.com"</a>. <i>www.amoodishara.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.amoodishara.com&rft.atitle=BHAKTACHARAN+DAS+%281729+-+1813%29+~+%E0%AC%86%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%93%E0%AC%A1%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B6%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amoodishara.com%2F2013%2F10%2Fbhaktacharan-das-1729-1813.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://odisha.gov.in/e-magazine/Orissareview/jul2005/engpdf/BKP_SBCD_monobodha_chautisa.pdf">BKP SBCD Monobodha Chautisa</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pati_2001_p._86-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pati_2001_p._86_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPati2001" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Pati, B. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uJtnQN3KueEC&pg=PA86"><i>Situating Social History: Orissa, 1800-1997</i></a>. Madras District Gazetteers (in French). Orient Longman. p. 86. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-250-2007-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-250-2007-3"><bdi>978-81-250-2007-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Situating+Social+History%3A+Orissa%2C+1800-1997&rft.series=Madras+District+Gazetteers&rft.pages=86&rft.pub=Orient+Longman&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-81-250-2007-3&rft.aulast=Pati&rft.aufirst=B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuJtnQN3KueEC%26pg%3DPA86&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-George_Sahitya_Akademi_1992_p._307-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-George_Sahitya_Akademi_1992_p._307_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorgeSahitya_Akademi1992" class="citation book cs1">George, K.M.; Sahitya Akademi (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=m1R2Pa3f7r0C&pg=PA307"><i>Modern Indian Literature, an Anthology: Surveys and poems</i></a>. Sahitya Akademi. p. 307. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7201-324-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7201-324-0"><bdi>978-81-7201-324-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+Indian+Literature%2C+an+Anthology%3A+Surveys+and+poems&rft.pages=307&rft.pub=Sahitya+Akademi&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-81-7201-324-0&rft.aulast=George&rft.aufirst=K.M.&rft.au=Sahitya+Akademi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dm1R2Pa3f7r0C%26pg%3DPA307&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.odiasayari.com/">"CHECK: Odia Poet (Odia Love Shayari and Odia Sad Shayari Images Online)"</a>. <i>Odiasayari.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Odiasayari.com&rft.atitle=CHECK%3A+Odia+Poet+%28Odia+Love+Shayari+and+Odia+Sad+Shayari+Images+Online%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.odiasayari.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Istahar-92, (26th Volume, 2nd Issue),</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNamita_Panda2011" class="citation news cs1">Namita Panda (31 December 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160105053249/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1111231/jsp/odisha/story_14945271.jsp#.Vn8gMRGl2FU">"Furore over award to Kalpanakumari"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraphindia.com/1111231/jsp/odisha/story_14945271.jsp#.Vn8gMRGl2FU">the original</a> on 5 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Furore+over+award+to+Kalpanakumari&rft.date=2011-12-31&rft.au=Namita+Panda&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraphindia.com%2F1111231%2Fjsp%2Fodisha%2Fstory_14945271.jsp%23.Vn8gMRGl2FU&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAditya_Panda2015" class="citation journal cs1">Aditya Panda (1 November 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ntm.org.in/download/ttvol/Volume9/article_13.pdf">"Translation in Odia - A Historical Survey"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Translation Today</i>. <b>9</b> (1): 202–224. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0972-8740">0972-8740</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Translation+Today&rft.atitle=Translation+in+Odia+-+A+Historical+Survey&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=202-224&rft.date=2015-11-01&rft.issn=0972-8740&rft.au=Aditya+Panda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ntm.org.in%2Fdownload%2Fttvol%2FVolume9%2Farticle_13.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGanguly_S.2019" class="citation journal cs1">Ganguly S. (1 June 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ijclts.files.wordpress.com/2019/02/childrene28099s-world-literature-translation-of-alice-in-wonderland-in-odia-by-sonali-ganguly-dr-lipika-das-dr-tanutrushna-panigrahi.pdf">"Translation of World Literature - Alice in Wonderland in Odia"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Indian Journal of Comparative Literature & Language Studies</i>. <b>5</b> (1). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2321-8274">2321-8274</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indian+Journal+of+Comparative+Literature+%26+Language+Studies&rft.atitle=Translation+of+World+Literature+-+Alice+in+Wonderland+in+Odia&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2019-06-01&rft.issn=2321-8274&rft.au=Ganguly+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fijclts.files.wordpress.com%2F2019%2F02%2Fchildrene28099s-world-literature-translation-of-alice-in-wonderland-in-odia-by-sonali-ganguly-dr-lipika-das-dr-tanutrushna-panigrahi.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraphindia.com/odisha/writers-for-translation-of-odia-works/cid/1507489">"Translation of World Literature - Alice in Wonderland in Odia"</a>. The Telegraph. 7 September 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Translation+of+World+Literature+-+Alice+in+Wonderland+in+Odia&rft.date=2016-09-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraphindia.com%2Fodisha%2Fwriters-for-translation-of-odia-works%2Fcid%2F1507489&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffpost.com/archive/in/entry/odia-books-in-translation-must-read_in_5e0ee3ace4b0843d36107493">"Eight Odia Books in Translation"</a>. Huff Post. 1 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Eight+Odia+Books+in+Translation&rft.date=2020-03-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffpost.com%2Farchive%2Fin%2Fentry%2Fodia-books-in-translation-must-read_in_5e0ee3ace4b0843d36107493&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odia_literature&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Neukom, Lukas and Manideepa Patnaik. 2003. <i>A grammar of Oriya</i>. (Arbeiten des Seminars für Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft; 17). Zürich: Seminar für Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Zürich. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-9521010-9-5" title="Special:BookSources/3-9521010-9-5">3-9521010-9-5</a></li> <li>Mansingha, Mayadhar (1962) <i>History of Oriya literature</i> Sahitya Akademi, New Delhi</li> <li>Sahoo, Krushna Charan (2004) <i>Oriya Lekhaka Paricaya</i> Orissa Sahitya Academy, Bhubaneswar, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-7586-097-9" title="Special:BookSources/81-7586-097-9">81-7586-097-9</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7586-097-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7586-097-1">978-81-7586-097-1</a></li> <li>Myers, Carol Fairbanks (1976) <i>Women in Literature: Criticism of the Seventies</i> Scarecrow Press, Inc. Metuchen, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8108-0885-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8108-0885-4">0-8108-0885-4</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071117111717/http://india_resource.tripod.com/orissa.html">"The History of Orissa: An Introduction"Pages from the history of India and the sub-continent:SOUTH ASIAN HISTORY</a></li> <li>Sahoo, Dr. Basanta Kishore Sahoo (1995) Who's who in Oriya Children's – Literature, Vol. I&II Mayur Publication and RIOCL, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/8186040447" title="Special:BookSources/8186040447">8186040447</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odia_literature&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Ghosh, A. (2003). <i>An ethnolinguistic profile of Eastern India: a case of South Orissa</i>. Burdwan: Dept. of Bengali (D.S.A.), University of Burdwan.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMahapatra2010" class="citation book cs1">Mahapatra, Khageswar (2010). <i>Odia Landscape & Literary Efflorescence</i>. Bhubaneswar: Trupti. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-93-80758-06-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-93-80758-06-0"><bdi>978-93-80758-06-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Odia+Landscape+%26+Literary+Efflorescence&rft.place=Bhubaneswar&rft.pub=Trupti&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-93-80758-06-0&rft.aulast=Mahapatra&rft.aufirst=Khageswar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Masica, Colin (1991). <i>The Indo-Aryan Languages</i>. Cambridge Language Surveys. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-29944-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-29944-2">978-0-521-29944-2</a></li> <li>Mohanty, Prasanna Kumar (2007). <i>The History of: History of Oriya Literature</i> (Oriya Sahityara Adya Aitihasika Gana).</li></ul> <dl><dt>Folklore collections</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTauscher1959" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Tauscher, Rudolf (1959). <i>Volksmärchen aus dem Jeyporeland</i> (in German). Walter de Gruyter. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783111763804" title="Special:BookSources/9783111763804"><bdi>9783111763804</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Volksm%C3%A4rchen+aus+dem+Jeyporeland&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=1959&rft.isbn=9783111763804&rft.aulast=Tauscher&rft.aufirst=Rudolf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMohanty1960" class="citation book cs1">Mohanty, Shanti (1960). <i>Folk Tales Of Orissa</i>. Sterling Publishers.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Folk+Tales+Of+Orissa&rft.pub=Sterling+Publishers&rft.date=1960&rft.aulast=Mohanty&rft.aufirst=Shanti&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMohanti1975" class="citation book cs1">Mohanti, Prafulla (1975). <i>Indian Village Tales</i>. Davis-Poynter. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780706701838" title="Special:BookSources/9780706701838"><bdi>9780706701838</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+Village+Tales&rft.pub=Davis-Poynter&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=9780706701838&rft.aulast=Mohanti&rft.aufirst=Prafulla&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDutta_Gupta1975" class="citation book cs1">Dutta Gupta, Upendra Narayan (1975) [1922]. <i>Folk Tales of Orissa</i>. Bhubaneswar: G. Gupta.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Folk+Tales+of+Orissa&rft.place=Bhubaneswar&rft.pub=G.+Gupta&rft.date=1975&rft.aulast=Dutta+Gupta&rft.aufirst=Upendra+Narayan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDash1979" class="citation book cs1">Dash, Kunja Behari (1979). <i>Folklore of Orissa</i>. Orissa Sahitya Akademi.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Folklore+of+Orissa&rft.pub=Orissa+Sahitya+Akademi&rft.date=1979&rft.aulast=Dash&rft.aufirst=Kunja+Behari&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOdia+literature" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Odia_literature&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071122143104/http://www.iit.edu/~laksvij/language/oriya.html">Romanised to Unicode Oriya transliterator</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071212024352/http://tlt.its.psu.edu/suggestions/international/bylanguage/oriyachart.html">Unicode Entity Codes for the Oriya Script</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071214035207/http://oriya.sarovar.org/">Free/Open Source Oriya Computing</a> Rebati project</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Odia_language" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Odia_language" title="Template:Odia language"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Odia_language" title="Template talk:Odia language"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Odia_language" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Odia language"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Odia_language" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Odia_language" title="Odia language">Odia language</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Odia_grammar" title="Odia grammar">Grammar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dialects/Varieties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baleswari_Odia" title="Baleswari Odia">Baleswari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganjami_Odia" title="Ganjami Odia">Ganjami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundargadi_Odia" title="Sundargadi Odia">Sundargadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambalpuri_language" title="Sambalpuri language">Sambalpuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desia_language" title="Desia language">Desia</a></li> <li>Minor <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalahandia_Odia" title="Kalahandia Odia">Kalahandia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phulbani_Odia" title="Phulbani Odia">Phulbani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singhbhumi_Odia" title="Singhbhumi Odia">Singhbhumi</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sociolects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bodo_Parja_language" title="Bodo Parja language">Bodo Parja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhatri_language" title="Bhatri language">Bhatri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reli_language" title="Reli language">Reli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kupia_language" title="Kupia language">Kupia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Odia_script" title="Odia script">Odia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karani_script" title="Karani script">Karani</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalinga_script" title="Kalinga script">Kalinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_numerals" title="Odia numerals">Numerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_Braille" title="Odia Braille">Odia Braille</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chautisa" title="Chautisa">Chautisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Odia_writers" title="List of Odia writers">Writers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literary awards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sahitya_Akademi_Award_winners_for_Odia" title="List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Odia">Sahitya Akademi Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sahitya_Akademi_Translation_Prize_winners_for_Odia" title="List of Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize winners for Odia">Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Yuva_Puraskar_winners_for_Odia" title="List of Yuva Puraskar winners for Odia">Yuva Puraskar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odisha_Sahitya_Akademi" title="Odisha Sahitya Akademi">Odisha Sahitya Akademi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odisha_Sahitya_Akademi_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Odisha Sahitya Akademi Award">Odisha Sahitya Akademi Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atibadi_Jagannath_Das_Award" title="Atibadi Jagannath Das Award">Atibadi Jagannath Das Award</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Odissi_music" title="Odissi music">Odissi music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odia_calendar" title="Odia calendar">Odia calendar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Odia_literature" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Odia_literature" title="Template:Odia literature"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Odia_literature" title="Template talk:Odia literature"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Odia_literature" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Odia literature"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Odia_literature" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Odia literature</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Charya_era">Charya era</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luipa" class="mw-redirect" title="Luipa">Luipa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanha_(poet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanha (poet)">Kanhupa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saraha" title="Saraha">Saraha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Pre-Sarala_Age">Pre-Sarala era</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jayadeva" title="Jayadeva">Jayadeva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viswanatha_Kaviraja" title="Viswanatha Kaviraja">Viswanatha Kaviraja</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Age_of_Sarala_Dasa">Sarala era</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sarala_Das" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarala Das">Sarala Das</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Five_friends_era">Panchasakha era</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ananta_Dasa" title="Ananta Dasa">Ananta Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achyutananda_Dasa" title="Achyutananda Dasa">Achyutananda Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balarama_Dasa" title="Balarama Dasa">Balarama Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasobanta_Dasa" title="Jasobanta Dasa">Jasobanta Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagannatha_Dasa_(Odia_poet)" title="Jagannatha Dasa (Odia poet)">Jagannath Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhavi_Pattanayak" title="Madhavi Pattanayak">Madhavi Pattanayak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Reeti_era">Reeti era</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abhimanyu_Samantasinhara" class="mw-redirect" title="Abhimanyu Samantasinhara">Abhimanyu Samantasinhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upendra_Bhanja" title="Upendra Bhanja">Upendra Bhanja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopalakrusna_Pattanayaka" title="Gopalakrusna Pattanayaka">Gopalakrusna Pattanayaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinakrushna_Dasa" title="Dinakrushna Dasa">Dinakrushna Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baladev_Rath" class="mw-redirect" title="Baladev Rath">Baladev Rath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brajanath_Badajena" title="Brajanath Badajena">Brajanath Badajena</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhakta_Charana_Das&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bhakta Charana Das (page does not exist)">Bhakta Charana Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhima_Bhoi" title="Bhima Bhoi">Bhima Bhoi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Radhanath_era">Radhanath era</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fakir_Mohan_Senapati" title="Fakir Mohan Senapati">Fakir Mohan Senapati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radhanath_Ray" title="Radhanath Ray">Radhanath Ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangadhar_Meher" title="Gangadhar Meher">Gangadhar Meher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhusudan_Rao" title="Madhusudan Rao">Madhusudan Rao</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chintamani_Mohanty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chintamani Mohanty (page does not exist)">Chintamani Mohanty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanda_Kishore_Bal" title="Nanda Kishore Bal">Nanda Kishore Bal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baishnaba_Pani" title="Baishnaba Pani">Baishnaba Pani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopala_Chandra_Praharaj" title="Gopala Chandra Praharaj">Gopala Chandra Praharaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalicharan_Pattnaik" title="Kalicharan Pattnaik">Kalicharan Pattnaik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acharya_Harihar" title="Acharya Harihar">Acharya Harihar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chintamani_Dash&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chintamani Dash (page does not exist)">Chintamani Dash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laxmikanta_Mohapatra" title="Laxmikanta Mohapatra">Laxmikanta Mohapatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuntala_Kumari_Sabat" title="Kuntala Kumari Sabat">Kuntala Kumari Sabat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manohar_Meher" title="Manohar Meher">Manohar Meher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Satyabadi_era">Satyabadi era</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gopabandhu_Das" title="Gopabandhu Das">Gopabandhu Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilakantha_Das" title="Nilakantha Das">Nilakantha Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godabarish_Mishra" class="mw-redirect" title="Godabarish Mishra">Godabarish Mishra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Krupasindhu_Mishra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Krupasindhu Mishra (page does not exist)">Krupasindhu Mishra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Green_era">Sabuja era</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mayadhar_Mansingh" title="Mayadhar Mansingh">Mayadhar Mansingh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baikunthnath_Pattnaik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baikunthnath Pattnaik (page does not exist)">Baikunthnath Pattnaik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalindi_Charan_Panigrahi" title="Kalindi Charan Panigrahi">Kalindi Charan Panigrahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annada_Shankar_Ray" title="Annada Shankar Ray">Annada Shankar Ray</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Pragati_era">Pragati era</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhagabati_Charan_Panigrahi" title="Bhagabati Charan Panigrahi">Bhagabati Charan Panigrahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sachidananda_Routray" title="Sachidananda Routray">Sachidananda Routray</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Modern_Age">Modern era</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Poetry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sachidananda_Routray" title="Sachidananda Routray">Sachidananda Routray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramakanta_Rath" title="Ramakanta Rath">Ramakanta Rath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitakanta_Mahapatra" class="mw-redirect" title="Sitakanta Mahapatra">Sitakanta Mahapatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayanta_Mahapatra" title="Jayanta Mahapatra">Jayanta Mahapatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratibha_Satpathy" title="Pratibha Satpathy">Pratibha Satpathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soubhagya_Kumar_Misra" title="Soubhagya Kumar Misra">Soubhagya Kumar Misra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajendra_Kishore_Panda" title="Rajendra Kishore Panda">Rajendra Kishore Panda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamata_Dash" title="Mamata Dash">Mamata Dash</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Story and<br />Novel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre 1970</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gopinath_Mohanty" title="Gopinath Mohanty">Gopinath Mohanty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanhu_Charan_Mohanty" title="Kanhu Charan Mohanty">Kanhu Charan Mohanty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surendra_Mohanty" title="Surendra Mohanty">Surendra Mohanty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manoj_Das" title="Manoj Das">Manoj Das</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chandra_Sekhar_Rath&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chandra Sekhar Rath (page does not exist)">Chandra Sekhar Rath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shantanu_Kumar_Acharya" class="mw-redirect" title="Shantanu Kumar Acharya">Shantanu Kumar Acharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohapatra_Nilamani_Sahoo" title="Mohapatra Nilamani Sahoo">Mohapatra Nilamani Sahoo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rabi_Pattnaik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rabi Pattnaik (page does not exist)">Rabi Pattnaik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagannath_Prasad_Das" title="Jagannath Prasad Das">Jagannath Prasad Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faturananda" title="Faturananda">Faturananda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post 1970</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guru_Prasad_Mohanty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guru Prasad Mohanty (page does not exist)">Guru Prasad Mohanty</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kailash_Lenka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kailash Lenka (page does not exist)">Kailash Lenka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akshaya_Mohanty" title="Akshaya Mohanty">Akshaya Mohanty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibhuti_Patnaik" title="Bibhuti Patnaik">Bibhuti Patnaik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratibha_Ray" title="Pratibha Ray">Pratibha Ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagadish_Mohanty" title="Jagadish Mohanty">Jagadish Mohanty</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kanheilal_Dash&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kanheilal Dash (page does not exist)">Kanheilal Dash</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Satya_Mishra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Satya Mishra (page does not exist)">Satya Mishra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramachandra_Behera" title="Ramachandra Behera">Ramachandra Behera</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Padmaja_Pala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Padmaja Pala (page does not exist)">Padmaja Pala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarojini_Sahoo" title="Sarojini Sahoo">Sarojini Sahoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yashodhara_Mishra" title="Yashodhara Mishra">Yashodhara Mishra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manorama_Mohapatra" title="Manorama Mohapatra">Manorama Mohapatra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Drama</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gopal_Chhotray" title="Gopal Chhotray">Gopal Chhotray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manoranjan_Das" title="Manoranjan Das">Manoranjan Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biswajit_Das_(playwright)" title="Biswajit Das (playwright)">Biswajit Das</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bijay_Mishra" title="Bijay Mishra">Bijay Mishra</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karttika_Chandra_Rath&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karttika Chandra Rath (page does not exist)">Karttika Chandra Rath</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Children's literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramakrushna_Nanda" title="Ramakrushna Nanda">Ramakrushna Nanda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarala_Patri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarala Patri (page does not exist)">Sarala Patri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesh_Chandra_Bhanja" title="Ramesh Chandra Bhanja">Ramesh Chandra Bhanja</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Research</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Krishna_Chandra_Panigrahi" title="Krishna Chandra Panigrahi">Krishna Chandra Panigrahi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Science fiction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gokulananda_Mahapatra" title="Gokulananda Mahapatra">Gokulananda Mahapatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binod_Kanungo" title="Binod Kanungo">Binod Kanungo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesh_Chandra_Parida" title="Ramesh Chandra Parida">Ramesh Chandra Parida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prana_Krushna_Parija" title="Prana Krushna Parija">Prana Krushna Parija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikhilanand_Panigrahy" title="Nikhilanand Panigrahy">Nikhilanand Panigrahy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamalakanta_Jena" title="Kamalakanta Jena">Kamalakanta Jena</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="x16px&#124;Emblem_of_Odisha_State_of_Odisha" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Odisha" title="Template:Odisha"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Odisha" title="Template talk:Odisha"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Odisha" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Odisha"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="x16px&#124;Emblem_of_Odisha_State_of_Odisha" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Orissa_Flag(INDIA).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of Odisha"><img alt="Emblem of Odisha" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Orissa_Flag%28INDIA%29.png/24px-Orissa_Flag%28INDIA%29.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Orissa_Flag%28INDIA%29.png/36px-Orissa_Flag%28INDIA%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Orissa_Flag%28INDIA%29.png/48px-Orissa_Flag%28INDIA%29.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="454" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">State</a> of <a href="/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha">Odisha</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Capital: <b><a href="/wiki/Bhubaneswar" title="Bhubaneswar">Bhubaneswar</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_symbols" title="List of Indian state symbols">State symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_emblems" title="List of Indian state emblems">Emblem</a>: <a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Odisha" title="Emblem of Odisha">Emblem of Odisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_anthems" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Indian state anthems">Anthem</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bande_Utkala_Janani" title="Bande Utkala Janani">Bande Utkala Janani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_animals" title="List of Indian state animals">Animal</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sambar_deer" title="Sambar deer">Sambar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_birds" title="List of Indian state birds">Bird</a>: <a href="/wiki/Indian_roller" title="Indian roller">Indian roller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_flowers" title="List of Indian state flowers">Flower</a>: <a href="/wiki/Saraca_asoca" title="Saraca asoca">Ashoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_trees" title="List of Indian state trees">Tree</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ficus_religiosa" title="Ficus religiosa">Sacred fig</a></li> <li>Fish: <a href="/wiki/Tor_tor" title="Tor tor">Mahanadi mahseer</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Konark_Sun_Temple_Wheel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Konark_Sun_Temple_Wheel.jpg/100px-Konark_Sun_Temple_Wheel.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Konark_Sun_Temple_Wheel.jpg/150px-Konark_Sun_Temple_Wheel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Konark_Sun_Temple_Wheel.jpg/200px-Konark_Sun_Temple_Wheel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Odisha" title="Government of Odisha">Governance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Odisha" title="List of governors of Odisha">Governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_of_Odisha" title="List of chief ministers of Odisha">Chief ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odisha_Legislative_Assembly" title="Odisha Legislative Assembly">Legislative Assembly</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_constituencies_of_the_Odisha_Legislative_Assembly" title="List of constituencies of the Odisha Legislative Assembly">Constituencies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orissa_High_Court" title="Orissa High Court">High Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odisha_Police" title="Odisha Police">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Odisha" title="Elections in Odisha">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Odisha" title="Politics of Odisha">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odisha_Human_Rights_Commission" title="Odisha Human Rights Commission">Human Rights Commission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Odisha" title="History of Odisha">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalinga_(historical_region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalinga (historical region)">Kalinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Odisha" title="List of rulers of Odisha">Rulers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahameghavahana_dynasty" title="Mahameghavahana dynasty">Mahameghavahana dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murunda_dynasty" title="Murunda dynasty">Murunda dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nala_dynasty" title="Nala dynasty">Nala dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathara_dynasty" title="Mathara dynasty">Mathara dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitrbhakta_dynasty" title="Pitrbhakta dynasty">Pitrbhakta dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shailodbhava_dynasty" title="Shailodbhava dynasty">Shailodbhava dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhauma-Kara_dynasty" title="Bhauma-Kara dynasty">Bhauma-Kara dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhanja_dynasty" title="Bhanja dynasty">Bhanja dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somavamshi_dynasty" title="Somavamshi dynasty">Somavamshi dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Ganga_dynasty" title="Eastern Ganga dynasty">Eastern Ganga dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gajapati_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Gajapati Empire">Gajapati Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhoi_dynasty" title="Bhoi dynasty">Bhoi dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orissa_Tributary_States" title="Orissa Tributary States">Orissa Tributary States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utkal_Sammilani" title="Utkal Sammilani">Utkal Sammilani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_sites_in_Odisha" title="Historic sites in Odisha">Historic sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_history_of_Odisha" title="Maritime history of Odisha">Maritime history of Odisha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Odisha" title="Geography of Odisha">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flora_and_fauna_of_Odisha" title="Flora and fauna of Odisha">Flora and Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forests_in_Odisha" title="Forests in Odisha">Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utkal_Plains" title="Utkal Plains">Utkal Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garhjat_Hills" title="Garhjat Hills">Garhjat Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilika_Lake" title="Chilika Lake">Chilika Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deomali_(mountain)" title="Deomali (mountain)">Deomali (Highest point)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Kalam_Island" title="Abdul Kalam Island">Abdul Kalam Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Odisha" title="List of districts of Odisha">Districts</a><br />by<br /><a href="/wiki/Divisions_of_Odisha" class="mw-redirect" title="Divisions of Odisha">division</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background-color: #eee;">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angul_district" title="Angul district">Angul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balangir_district" title="Balangir district">Balangir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bargarh_district" title="Bargarh district">Bargarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debagarh_district" title="Debagarh district">Debagarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhenkanal_district" title="Dhenkanal district">Dhenkanal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jharsuguda_district" title="Jharsuguda district">Jharsuguda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kendujhar_district" title="Kendujhar district">Kendujhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambalpur_district" title="Sambalpur district">Sambalpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subarnapur_district" title="Subarnapur district">Subarnapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundergarh_district" title="Sundergarh district">Sundergarh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background-color: #eee;">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balasore_district" title="Balasore district">Balasore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhadrak_district" title="Bhadrak district">Bhadrak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuttack_district" title="Cuttack district">Cuttack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagatsinghpur_district" title="Jagatsinghpur district">Jagatsinghpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jajpur_district" title="Jajpur district">Jajpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kendrapara_district" title="Kendrapara district">Kendrapara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khordha_district" title="Khordha district">Khordha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayurbhanj_district" title="Mayurbhanj district">Mayurbhanj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nayagarh_district" title="Nayagarh district">Nayagarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puri_district" title="Puri district">Puri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left; background-color: #eee;">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boudh_district" title="Boudh district">Boudh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gajapati_district" title="Gajapati district">Gajapati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganjam_district" title="Ganjam district">Ganjam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalahandi_district" title="Kalahandi district">Kalahandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandhamal_district" title="Kandhamal district">Kandhamal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koraput_district" title="Koraput district">Koraput</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malkangiri_district" title="Malkangiri district">Malkangiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabarangpur_district" title="Nabarangpur district">Nabrangpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuapada_district" title="Nuapada district">Nuapada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rayagada_district" title="Rayagada district">Rayagada</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Odisha_by_population" title="List of cities in Odisha by population">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angul" title="Angul">Angul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balangir" title="Balangir">Balangir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balasore" title="Balasore">Balasore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbil" title="Barbil">Barbil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bargarh" title="Bargarh">Bargarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baripada" title="Baripada">Baripada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhadrak" title="Bhadrak">Bhadrak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhawanipatna" title="Bhawanipatna">Bhawanipatna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhubaneswar" title="Bhubaneswar">Bhubaneswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berhampur" title="Berhampur">Berhampur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuttack" title="Cuttack">Cuttack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhenkanal" title="Dhenkanal">Dhenkanal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jajpur" title="Jajpur">Jajpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jharsuguda" title="Jharsuguda">Jharsuguda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeypore" title="Jeypore">Jeypore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joda" title="Joda">Joda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kendrapara" title="Kendrapara">Kendrapara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kendujhar" title="Kendujhar">Kendujhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khordha" title="Khordha">Khordha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paradeep" title="Paradeep">Paradeep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puri" title="Puri">Puri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rourkela" title="Rourkela">Rourkela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambalpur" title="Sambalpur">Sambalpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talcher" title="Talcher">Talcher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geographical_indication" title="Geographical indication">GI products</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berhampur_Patta" title="Berhampur Patta">Berhampur Patta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bomkai_sari" title="Bomkai sari">Bomkai sari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhalapathar_Parda_%26_Fabrics" title="Dhalapathar Parda & Fabrics">Dhalapathar Parda & Fabrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganjam_Kewda_Flower" title="Ganjam Kewda Flower">Ganjam Kewda Flower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganjam_Kewda_Rooh" title="Ganjam Kewda Rooh">Ganjam Kewda Rooh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopalpur_Tussar_Fabrics" title="Gopalpur Tussar Fabrics">Gopalpur Tussar Fabrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habaspuri_sari" title="Habaspuri sari">Habaspuri sari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khandua" title="Khandua">Khandua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konark_stone_carving" class="mw-redirect" title="Konark stone carving">Konark stone carving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotpad_Handloom_fabrics" title="Kotpad Handloom fabrics">Kotpad Handloom fabrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odisha_Ikat" title="Odisha Ikat">Odisha Ikat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattachitra" title="Pattachitra">Pattachitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipili_appliqu%C3%A9_work" title="Pipili appliqué work">Pipili appliqué work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rasgulla" title="Rasgulla">Odisha Rasagola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambalpuri_sari" title="Sambalpuri sari">Sambalpuri sari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Odisha" title="Category:Odisha">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arts_of_Odisha" title="Arts of Odisha">Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Odisha" title="Cinema of Odisha">Cinema</a></li> <li><a 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