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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Lafayette dollar</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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Click here for more information."><img alt="Featured article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Silver coin issued as part of the United States' participation in the Paris World's Fair of 1900</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151960987">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Lafayette dollar</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight:bold;"><div class="location">United States</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Value</th><td class="infobox-data">1 <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">United States dollar</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Mass</th><td class="infobox-data">26.73 g (412.5 <a href="/wiki/Grain_(unit)" title="Grain (unit)">gr</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Diameter</th><td class="infobox-data">38.1 mm (1.5 in)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Edge</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Reeding" title="Reeding">reeded</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Composition</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>90.0% <a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">silver</a></li> <li>10.0% <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Silver</th><td class="infobox-data">0.77344 <a href="/wiki/Troy_weight" title="Troy weight">troy oz</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Years of minting</th><td class="infobox-data">1899 (a 1900 date appears on the coin)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Mintage</th><td class="infobox-data">50,026 (less 26 <a href="/wiki/United_States_Assay_Commission" title="United States Assay Commission">assay coins</a> and 14,000 melted)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Mint marks</th><td class="infobox-data">None. All specimens struck at <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Mint" title="Philadelphia Mint">Philadelphia Mint</a> without mint mark.</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Obverse</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Lafayette_dollar_obverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Lafayette_dollar_obverse.jpg/220px-Lafayette_dollar_obverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Lafayette_dollar_obverse.jpg/330px-Lafayette_dollar_obverse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Lafayette_dollar_obverse.jpg/440px-Lafayette_dollar_obverse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1509" data-file-height="1512" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Design</th><td class="infobox-data">Conjoined busts of Washington and Lafayette</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Designer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Barber" title="Charles E. Barber">Charles E. Barber</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Design date</th><td class="infobox-data">1899</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Reverse</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Lafayette_dollar_reverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Lafayette_dollar_reverse.jpg/220px-Lafayette_dollar_reverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Lafayette_dollar_reverse.jpg/330px-Lafayette_dollar_reverse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Lafayette_dollar_reverse.jpg/440px-Lafayette_dollar_reverse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1515" data-file-height="1524" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Design</th><td class="infobox-data">Equestrian statue of Lafayette</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Designer</th><td class="infobox-data">Charles E. Barber</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Design date</th><td class="infobox-data">1899</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Lafayette dollar</b> was a silver coin issued as part of the United States' participation in the <a href="/wiki/Exposition_Universelle_(1900)" title="Exposition Universelle (1900)">Paris World's Fair of 1900</a>. Depicting <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_du_Motier,_Marquis_de_Lafayette" title="Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette">Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette</a> with <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a>, and designed by Chief Engraver <a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Barber" title="Charles E. Barber">Charles E. Barber</a>, it was the only <a href="/wiki/Dollar_coin_(United_States)" title="Dollar coin (United States)">U.S. silver dollar</a> commemorative prior to 1983, and the first <a href="/wiki/Coins_of_the_United_States_dollar" title="Coins of the United States dollar">U.S. coin</a> to depict American citizens. </p><p>Beginning in 1898, prominent Americans sought to erect in Paris a monument to Lafayette, a Frenchman who fought in the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>. Among these supporters was Chicago businessman <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Peck" title="Ferdinand Peck">Ferdinand Peck</a>, whom President <a href="/wiki/William_McKinley" title="William McKinley">William McKinley</a> chose as commissioner-general to the exposition. Peck made the monument proposal a part of the American plans for Paris, and appointed the Lafayette Memorial Commission to raise funds for it. A part of this fundraising was the one-dollar commemorative coin, approved by Congress on March 3, 1899. </p><p>Conjoined busts of Washington and Lafayette appear on the <a href="/wiki/Obverse_and_reverse" title="Obverse and reverse">obverse</a>. Barber stated that the bases for his work were a sculpture of Washington by <a href="/wiki/Jean-Antoine_Houdon" title="Jean-Antoine Houdon">Jean-Antoine Houdon</a>, and an 1824 medal of Lafayette by François-Augustin Caunois. For the reverse, he used an early sketch of the planned monument, designed by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Wayland_Bartlett" title="Paul Wayland Bartlett">Paul Wayland Bartlett</a>, whose last name appears on the base of the statue on the reverse. The coins did not sell out, and 14,000 were later melted by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Treasury" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Treasury">United States Treasury</a>. The Lafayette dollar is valued from several hundred dollars to tens of thousands, depending on condition. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lafayette_dollar&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_du_Motier,_Marquis_de_Lafayette" title="Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette">Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette</a></div> <p>Gilbert du Motier de La Fayette was born on September 6, 1757, to <a href="/wiki/House_of_La_Fayette" title="House of La Fayette">a noble French family</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESlabaugh17_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESlabaugh17-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the boy was less than two years old, his father was killed at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Minden" title="Battle of Minden">Battle of Minden</a>, making the toddler a wealthy nobleman. The young <a href="/wiki/Marquis" class="mw-redirect" title="Marquis">marquis</a> married in 1774.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESlabaugh17–18_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESlabaugh17–18-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1775, while on military duty in <a href="/wiki/Metz" title="Metz">Metz</a>, Lafayette received word of the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a>. The young officer quickly came to believe that the American cause was noble.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESlabaugh18_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESlabaugh18-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On learning that the <a href="/wiki/Second_Continental_Congress" title="Second Continental Congress">Second Continental Congress</a> lacked funds, Lafayette hired a ship at his own expense and in 1777 sailed for America, though he initially received a cold reception from the Congress. So many foreign officers had sought to be a part of the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Continental Army</a> that its commanding general, <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a>, asked that no more be engaged. Lafayette's application, which sought no pay, met with eventual success. Congress had received a letter from the American envoy to France, <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a>, stating that Lafayette's family was wealthy and influential. Franklin urged Congress to accommodate Lafayette, and also keep him safe and out of the action lest his death harm the American cause.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESlabaugh18_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESlabaugh18-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Congress dutifully voted in July 1777 to commission Lafayette as a major general, and sent him to meet Washington. The two men formed a very close relationship despite a quarter-century difference in age. Franklin's wish to keep Lafayette safe was frustrated by the young man's desire to be where battles raged, and he was wounded at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brandywine" title="Battle of Brandywine">Battle of Brandywine</a> in September 1777. France soon entered the war on the American side, and was instrumental in the victory. Lafayette helped lead the decisive <a href="/wiki/Yorktown_campaign" title="Yorktown campaign">Yorktown campaign</a>, leading to <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Yorktown" title="Siege of Yorktown">the surrender</a> of <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant General">Lieutenant General</a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Cornwallis,_1st_Marquess_Cornwallis" title="Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis">Lord Cornwallis</a> alongside his entire army, which sealed the fate of the war in favor of the Americans.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESlabaugh18_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESlabaugh18-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:21em; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>May this immense Temple of Freedom ever stand, a lesson to oppressors, an example to the oppressed, a sanctuary for the rights of mankind! And may these happy United States attain that complete splendor and prosperity which will illustrate the blessings of their Government, and for ages to come rejoice the departed souls of its founders. </p> </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette, speech to the committee sent to take leave of him, 1784<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdams35_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdams35-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div> </div> <p>Lafayette returned to France after 1781, a national hero in both countries. He returned to the United States in 1784, his last visit for 40 years. In France, he involved himself in politics, favoring a constitutional monarchy. He was given office and commands after the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>, but was captured by the Austrians in 1792, remaining in captivity for five years. After <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a> arranged his release, Lafayette remained on his estates and away from politics during the Emperor's rule. After the <a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Restoration_in_France" title="Bourbon Restoration in France">restoration of the monarchy in 1815</a>, he again engaged himself in politics, sitting in the <a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(France)" title="Chamber of Deputies (France)">Chamber of Deputies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESlabaugh18–19_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESlabaugh18–19-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1824, the American Congress voted unanimously to have President <a href="/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe">James Monroe</a> invite Lafayette to return as the guest of the nation. The marquis and his son, <a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Lafayette" class="mw-redirect" title="George Washington Lafayette">George Washington Lafayette</a>, arrived in New York City to mammoth celebrations. Over the next year and a half, <a href="/wiki/Visit_of_the_Marquis_de_Lafayette_to_the_United_States" title="Visit of the Marquis de Lafayette to the United States">Lafayette visited all 24 states</a>. He was given innumerable honors and gifts, including land in Florida. The marquis returned to France in 1825, and died in 1834.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESlabaugh17,_19_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESlabaugh17,_19-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of only eight people to be made an <a href="/wiki/Honorary_citizen_of_the_United_States" title="Honorary citizen of the United States">honorary citizen of the United States</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> according to Arnie Slabaugh in his book on commemorative coins, "Lafayette became so popular and respected in both countries that the friendship he helped cement between the two nations has extended to this day".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESlabaugh18_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESlabaugh18-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Inception">Inception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lafayette_dollar&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Inception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Exposition_Universelle_(1900)" title="Exposition Universelle (1900)">Exposition Universelle (1900)</a></div> <p>In March 1898, a resolution was introduced in Congress for a commission to erect a monument to Lafayette in Paris on behalf of the United States. The bill passed the Senate, and hearings were held before the House Committee on Foreign Affairs. Chicago businessman and philanthropist <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Peck" title="Ferdinand Peck">Ferdinand Peck</a> testified in support of the bill, which though favored by the committee was not considered by the House due to higher priorities during the <a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeck169_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeck169-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Later in 1898, President <a href="/wiki/William_McKinley" title="William McKinley">William McKinley</a> appointed Peck as United States Commissioner-General to the 1900 <i><a href="/wiki/Exposition_Universelle_(1900)" title="Exposition Universelle (1900)">Exposition Universelle</a></i>, a <a href="/wiki/World%27s_Fair" class="mw-redirect" title="World's Fair">World's Fair</a> to be held in Paris. Peck revived the Lafayette proposal as part of the American participation in the fair, and created a Lafayette Memorial Commission to supervise the monument project. The commission was to ensure that the monument was unveiled on July 4, 1900—both <a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(United_States)" title="Independence Day (United States)">Independence Day</a> and also United States Day at the exposition. On September 1, 1898, Peck appointed a number of prominent Americans to the commission, including Iowa Senator <a href="/wiki/William_B._Allison" title="William B. Allison">William B. Allison</a>, Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/William_R._Day" title="William R. Day">William R. Day</a>, Archbishop <a href="/wiki/John_Ireland_(bishop)" title="John Ireland (bishop)">John Ireland</a>, and Reverend <a href="/wiki/Edward_Everett_Hale" title="Edward Everett Hale">Edward Everett Hale</a>. The commission's officers included the treasurer, <a href="/wiki/Comptroller_of_the_Currency" class="mw-redirect" title="Comptroller of the Currency">Comptroller of the Currency</a> (and future <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President of the United States</a>) <a href="/wiki/Charles_G._Dawes" title="Charles G. Dawes">Charles G. Dawes</a>, and the secretary, Robert J. Thompson.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeck169–170_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeck169–170-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fundraising to build the Lafayette monument was a major component of the commission's work, and it sought to involve American schools and schoolchildren in the project. October 19, 1898—the 117th anniversary of Cornwallis's surrender at Yorktown—was proclaimed the first "Lafayette Day" by 42 governors or commissioners of education of the states or territories. Although President McKinley did not issue a similar proclamation, he did praise the plan in a letter printed in the press. Special ceremonies in honor of Lafayette (along with appropriate lesson plans) were observed in many schools, and pupils were called upon to donate <a href="/wiki/Indian_Head_cent" title="Indian Head cent">cents</a> in honor of the French patriot. A total of $45,858.30 was obtained from the events at the schools; those institutions were furnished, on the next Lafayette Day (intended to be annual), with ornate receipts, signed by Dawes and meant as momentos to descend to posterity.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeck170_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeck170-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another proposed means of paying for the statue was a commemorative coin. In early 1899, the commission sought enactment of legislation granting it an appropriation of $50,000 in the form of 100,000 commemorative half dollars, that could be sold to the public at a premium. Such a method had helped to finance (though with mixed success) the 1893 <a href="/wiki/World%27s_Columbian_Exposition" title="World's Columbian Exposition">World's Columbian Exposition</a> in Chicago. Instead, Congress passed and McKinley signed on March 3, 1899, a civil appropriations bill that included provision for 50,000 silver one-dollar pieces to be granted to the commission. The bullion for the striking was to be purchased on the open market and was not to come from the Mint's remaining stocks acquired pursuant to the repealed <a href="/wiki/Sherman_Silver_Purchase_Act" title="Sherman Silver Purchase Act">Sherman Silver Purchase Act</a>, though the Mint would not exhaust its inventory from that legislation until 1904. Congress placed a ceiling on the cost of the silver at $25,000. In the event, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Treasury" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Treasury">United States Treasury</a> bought 38,675.875 troy ounces of silver for $23,032.80. The designs were to be selected by the <a href="/wiki/Director_of_the_United_States_Mint" title="Director of the United States Mint">Mint Director</a>, with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBowers113–114_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBowers113–114-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELange122,_126_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELange122,_126-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBureau_of_the_Mint88–89_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBureau_of_the_Mint88–89-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Preparation">Preparation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lafayette_dollar&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Preparation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Roberts_medal.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Roberts_medal.png/220px-Roberts_medal.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Roberts_medal.png/330px-Roberts_medal.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Roberts_medal.png/440px-Roberts_medal.png 2x" data-file-width="1919" data-file-height="1931" /></a><figcaption>Mint Director <a href="/wiki/George_E._Roberts" title="George E. Roberts">George E. Roberts</a> on his Mint medal designed by Chief Engraver <a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Barber" title="Charles E. Barber">Charles E. Barber</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Once the bill passed, Bureau of the Mint Chief Engraver <a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Barber" title="Charles E. Barber">Charles E. Barber</a> took personal charge of the project, seeking to avoid the delays and disputes that had marked the two previous commemoratives, the <a href="/wiki/Columbian_half_dollar" title="Columbian half dollar">Columbian half dollar</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Isabella_quarter" title="Isabella quarter">Isabella quarter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaxay14_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaxay14-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On March 24, 1899, Mint Director <a href="/wiki/George_E._Roberts" title="George E. Roberts">George E. Roberts</a> wrote in a letter that the Lafayette Memorial Commission was contemplating having, on one side of the coin, a representation of the new monument. Barber responded the following day to Philadelphia Mint Superintendent Henry Boyer, referencing that letter and asking for a sketch of the monument.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlynn248_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlynn248-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By April 12, 1899, the chief engraver had obtained from commission secretary Thompson a preliminary sketch of the monument—an equestrian statue by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Wayland_Bartlett" title="Paul Wayland Bartlett">Paul Bartlett</a>. Barber sketched other designs, including one with Lafayette's 1784 prayer for the prosperity of the United States. He also created one showing a standing figure of Lafayette, based on a statement by Thompson that they might omit the horse. Barber's concepts showing an equestrian statue for one side, and <a href="/wiki/Jugate" title="Jugate">jugate</a> heads of Lafayette and Washington for the other, would form the basis for the eventual coin. Roberts quickly approved Barber's sketch of the two heads, and without consulting the commission leaked the information to the <i>American Journal of Numismatics</i>, which printed it in its April 1899 issue.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaxay15_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaxay15-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On May 23, 1899, Barber wrote to Roberts that he planned to base the Washington bust (on the <a href="/wiki/Obverse_and_reverse" title="Obverse and reverse">obverse</a>) on the well-known 1785 bust of the first president by <a href="/wiki/Jean-Antoine_Houdon" title="Jean-Antoine Houdon">Jean-Antoine Houdon</a>, and upon an early medallic use of the Houdon bust, the 1786 "Washington Before Boston" medal by <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Simon-Benjamin_Duvivier" title="Pierre-Simon-Benjamin Duvivier">Pierre-Simon-Benjamin Duvivier</a>. The Lafayette bust (also on the obverse) was to be based on an 1824 medal of Lafayette by François-Augustin Caunois.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlynn248_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlynn248-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lafayette_Medal_(Bronze,_58_mm)_(obv).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Lafayette_Medal_%28Bronze%2C_58_mm%29_%28obv%29.jpg/220px-Lafayette_Medal_%28Bronze%2C_58_mm%29_%28obv%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Lafayette_Medal_%28Bronze%2C_58_mm%29_%28obv%29.jpg/330px-Lafayette_Medal_%28Bronze%2C_58_mm%29_%28obv%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Lafayette_Medal_%28Bronze%2C_58_mm%29_%28obv%29.jpg/440px-Lafayette_Medal_%28Bronze%2C_58_mm%29_%28obv%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1236" data-file-height="1236" /></a><figcaption>Caunois's medal of Lafayette</figcaption></figure> <p>Peck and other commission members were not satisfied with the design proposals, and suggested some of their own. Barber denigrated these in a letter to Roberts on June 8. Peck had proposed that only the faces of Washington and Lafayette be shown, with no depiction of the rest of the head. Barber stated, "I am of the opinion that the heads of Washington and Lafayette should be treated from the sculptor's standpoint, and every effort be made to represent them with a grandeur and dignity commensurate with the position they fill in the Nation's history, which certainly could not be done if they are to be shown peeping out of a half moon."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlynn248–249_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlynn248–249-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the instructions of Roberts, Barber went to New York and met with Peck over two days on June 14 and 15. Afterwards, Barber reported to the Mint Director, "I think we will hear no more of the Lafayette prayer" and that Peck now appreciated that the space available for a design, even on a silver dollar (the largest US coin) was limited, "and as it is the desire of the Committee [commission] to have the monument displayed, the prayer will have to find some other place".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaxay17_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaxay17-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although Barber indicated that the decision of the commission to represent the statue without its pedestal represented progress toward the point where he might engrave dies, "I learned in New York that the work of the sculptor must be submitted to a committee in Paris who will have entire charge of the monument, and the sculptor's work has to be changed in any and every detail until it meets the approval of this Committee of Frenchmen ... to me it looks as if it might be sometime in 1900."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaxay17–18_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaxay17–18-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On June 20, 1899, Barber submitted the final designs for the coin. They were approved by Director Roberts on July 1.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaxay18_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaxay18-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This did not put an end to the wrangles over what should be on the coin: the commission wished to have the coins dated 1900, but have them to sell as early as possible in 1899. Secretary of the Treasury <a href="/wiki/Lyman_Gage" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyman Gage">Lyman Gage</a> insisted on the provision of the <a href="/wiki/Coinage_Act_of_1873" title="Coinage Act of 1873">Coinage Act of 1873</a> that required the date of production to appear on the coins. In the end, the matter was compromised: the pieces were struck in December 1899, not distributed until the following month, and the inscription "Paris 1900" appears on the coins.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaxay18_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaxay18-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design">Design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lafayette_dollar&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information on Houdon's bust of Washington: <a href="/wiki/Washington_quarter#Houdon_bust" title="Washington quarter">Washington quarter § Houdon bust</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Surrender_At_Yorktown_Centennial_medal_(1881)_(obv).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Surrender_At_Yorktown_Centennial_medal_%281881%29_%28obv%29.jpg/220px-Surrender_At_Yorktown_Centennial_medal_%281881%29_%28obv%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Surrender_At_Yorktown_Centennial_medal_%281881%29_%28obv%29.jpg/330px-Surrender_At_Yorktown_Centennial_medal_%281881%29_%28obv%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Surrender_At_Yorktown_Centennial_medal_%281881%29_%28obv%29.jpg/440px-Surrender_At_Yorktown_Centennial_medal_%281881%29_%28obv%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2080" data-file-height="2078" /></a><figcaption>Peter Krider's Yorktown Centennial medal (1881)</figcaption></figure> <p>The obverse of the Lafayette dollar features jugate, or conjoined, heads of Washington and Lafayette. Slabaugh noted Barber's account that the busts were based on the sculpture by Houdon and the medal by Caunois, but, "possibly these did have some effect on the design but it has always been my belief that the immediate source or idea for the design was the Yorktown Centennial medal of 1881."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESlabaugh15_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESlabaugh15-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Swiatek and Breen contended that although the ultimate ancestor of Barber's depiction of Washington was the Houdon bust, the source of the Lafayette bust and the format of the obverse "was beyond doubt <a href="/wiki/Peter_L._Krider" title="Peter L. Krider">Peter L. Krider</a>'s Yorktown Centennial Medal (1881)".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESwiatek_&_Breen123_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESwiatek_&_Breen123-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Krider, a Philadelphia engraver not employed by the Mint, issued a number of tokens and medals in the 1870s and 1880s.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESwiatek_&_Breen126_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESwiatek_&_Breen126-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "United States of America" and "Lafayette Dollar" appear at the top and bottom of the obverse of the coin.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESwiatek59_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESwiatek59-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The reverse is based on an early sketch of the statue of Lafayette by Bartlett. It depicts a mounted statue of Lafayette, riding left. Barber's monogram does not appear on the coin, but the name "Bartlett" is inscribed on the base of the statue. Also on the base, and extending below it, is a palm branch. The reverse inscription, "Erected by the youth of the United States in honor of Gen Lafayette/Paris 1900" is a tribute to the school fundraising efforts that took place in 1898. Swiatek and Breen pointed out that even if one grants that the 1900 date was intended to be that of the exposition and the erection of the statue, the coins would still violate the 1873 act, that required the date of mintage to appear on the coins, and thus "the Lafayette dollars are technically undated and therefore illegal!"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESwiatek_&_Breen126_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESwiatek_&_Breen126-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESwiatek59_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESwiatek59-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1776_Washington_Before_Boston_Comitia_Americana_Second_Restrike_(Baker-48G)_(obv).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/1776_Washington_Before_Boston_Comitia_Americana_Second_Restrike_%28Baker-48G%29_%28obv%29.jpg/220px-1776_Washington_Before_Boston_Comitia_Americana_Second_Restrike_%28Baker-48G%29_%28obv%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/1776_Washington_Before_Boston_Comitia_Americana_Second_Restrike_%28Baker-48G%29_%28obv%29.jpg/330px-1776_Washington_Before_Boston_Comitia_Americana_Second_Restrike_%28Baker-48G%29_%28obv%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/1776_Washington_Before_Boston_Comitia_Americana_Second_Restrike_%28Baker-48G%29_%28obv%29.jpg/440px-1776_Washington_Before_Boston_Comitia_Americana_Second_Restrike_%28Baker-48G%29_%28obv%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2251" data-file-height="2204" /></a><figcaption>The obverse of the "Washington Before Boston" medal was the first medallic use of Houdon's bust.</figcaption></figure> <p>On the reverse, Lafayette holds a sword, extended upwards.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESwiatek59_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESwiatek59-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bartlett described the version of the statue that Barber worked from: "Lafayette is represented in the statue as a fact and a symbol, offering his sword and services to the American colonists in the cause of liberty. He appears as the emblem of the aristocratic and enthusiastic sympathy shown by France to our forefathers."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBowers115_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBowers115-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Swiatek and Breen noted, "We may take Lafayette's pose on the statue, as depicted on the coin, to represent him in triumphal procession rather than charging against the enemy—note his sheathed sword, like a Highland pipe major's baton, serving as a standard rather than brandished unsheathed as a weapon."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESwiatek_&_Breen123_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESwiatek_&_Breen123-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Barber's design for the Lafayette dollar has often been criticized. Swiatek and Breen complained about the "lifeless head of the President [Washington]".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESwiatek_&_Breen123_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESwiatek_&_Breen123-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Q._David_Bowers" title="Q. David Bowers">Q. David Bowers</a> stated that "the shallow relief of Barber's work is but a travesty of Krider's extremely detailed high-relief artistry".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBowers115_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBowers115-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Don_Taxay" title="Don Taxay">Don Taxay</a>, "When one compares Barber's portraits to those by Du Vivier  [<i><a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a></i>] and Caunois, it is clear why [sculptor and Barber enemy<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurdette11_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurdette11-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>] <a href="/wiki/Augustus_Saint-Gaudens" title="Augustus Saint-Gaudens">Saint-Gaudens</a> used to refer contemptuously to the 'commercial medalists of the Mint'. The difference here is not merely in the relief, but in elementary modeling skill."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaxay18_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaxay18-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Art historian <a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Vermeule" class="mw-redirect" title="Cornelius Vermeule">Cornelius Vermeule</a> stated that, "the Lafayette dollar lacks the quaint, dated appeal of the <a href="/wiki/Isabella_quarter" title="Isabella quarter">Isabella quarter</a> or the amusing originality of the Columbian half-dollar. Despite the necessity for low relief the jugate busts are too linear. The reverse suffers from too much lettering of uniform size. The words 'Paris 1900' might have been enough; at most, the addition of 'From the Youth of the United States' would have conveyed the matter."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVermeule101–102_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVermeule101–102-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production_and_aftermath">Production and aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lafayette_dollar&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Production and aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>All Lafayette dollars were struck at the Philadelphia Mint on December 14, 1899, the centennial of the death of George Washington.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESwiatek_&_Breen126_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESwiatek_&_Breen126-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Philadelphia <i><a href="/wiki/Public_Ledger_(Philadelphia)" title="Public Ledger (Philadelphia)">Public Ledger</a></i> reported, </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"> <p>Present at this small Lafayette dollar ceremony were several Mint officials, members of the Lafayette Memorial Commission and a few members of the press. After Miss Gleary [the coining press operator] removed the first Lafayette dollar struck, she presented it to Mint Superintendent Henry Boyer. Mint Chief Engraver Charles E. Barber then inspected it. It was then shown to Robert J. Thompson, secretary of the Memorial Commission, and then given to Director of the Mint George E. Roberts. It was placed in a coin or medal case and brought back to Washington, D.C., by Mr. Roberts, to be given to President William McKinley. The coin was then to be sent in an elaborate $1,000 presentation case, to be given to the president of the French Republic.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESwiatek60_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESwiatek60-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <p>Once the ceremony at the Philadelphia Mint had concluded, striking of the Lafayette dollar continued on an older coinage press capable of minting eighty pieces per minute, or 4,800 per hour. A total of 50,026 pieces were struck, including 26 coins laid aside for inspection and testing at the 1900 meeting of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Assay_Commission" title="United States Assay Commission">United States Assay Commission</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBowers116,_119_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBowers116,_119-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lafayette_dollar_we_are_here.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Lafayette_dollar_we_are_here.jpg/220px-Lafayette_dollar_we_are_here.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Lafayette_dollar_we_are_here.jpg/330px-Lafayette_dollar_we_are_here.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Lafayette_dollar_we_are_here.jpg/440px-Lafayette_dollar_we_are_here.jpg 2x" data-file-width="580" data-file-height="442" /></a><figcaption>Casket in which the first Lafayette dollar was presented to French President <a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Loubet" title="Émile Loubet">Émile Loubet</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The first <a href="/wiki/Columbian_half_dollar" title="Columbian half dollar">Columbian half dollar</a> had been sold for $10,000. An offer of $5,000 was made but declined for the first Lafayette dollar to be struck, which was designated for presentation to the French president. Thompson, designated a special commissioner of the United States for the purpose, took the casket to France aboard the S.S. <i>La Champagne</i>. The ceremony was originally scheduled for February 22, 1900 (<a href="/wiki/Washington%27s_Birthday" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington's Birthday">Washington's Birthday</a>), but was not held until March 3, when Thompson presented the casket and coin to French President <a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Loubet" title="Émile Loubet">Émile Loubet</a>. The two objects are now in <a href="/wiki/The_Louvre" class="mw-redirect" title="The Louvre">the Louvre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESwiatek60_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESwiatek60-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESwiatek_&_Breen69,_126–127_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESwiatek_&_Breen69,_126–127-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The commission was plagued by a number of financial difficulties. In January 1900, sculptor <a href="/wiki/Charles_Henry_Niehaus" title="Charles Henry Niehaus">Charles Henry Niehaus</a> questioned why $150,000 was the fundraising target of the commission, as no equestrian statue had ever cost more than half that.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The commission was sued by architect <a href="/wiki/Henry_Hornbostel" title="Henry Hornbostel">Henry Hornbostel</a>, demanding fees for designing a pedestal for Bartlett's statue. The out-of-court settlement reimbursed him for his expenses.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESwiatek_&_Breen128_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESwiatek_&_Breen128-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Statue_of_Lafayette,_Paris_6_March_2016_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Statue_of_Lafayette%2C_Paris_6_March_2016_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-Statue_of_Lafayette%2C_Paris_6_March_2016_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Statue_of_Lafayette%2C_Paris_6_March_2016_%28cropped%29.jpg/255px-Statue_of_Lafayette%2C_Paris_6_March_2016_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Statue_of_Lafayette%2C_Paris_6_March_2016_%28cropped%29.jpg/340px-Statue_of_Lafayette%2C_Paris_6_March_2016_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2127" data-file-height="2720" /></a><figcaption>Paul Bartlett's statue of Lafayette in Paris</figcaption></figure> <p>The commission was tardy in giving the final order for the statue to Bartlett, so late that it was impossible to have the final bronze piece ready in time; a one-third model was only completed in May. According to Q. David Bowers, "the French are at home in such problems."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBowers115_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBowers115-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The commission was able to have a full-sized plaster model ready by July 4 by sawing the scale model in pieces and distributing them to various workshops, that made enlargements in plaster. Brought together, the plaster pieces fitted perfectly. This assembly was ceremoniously dedicated in the <a href="/wiki/Place_du_Carrousel" title="Place du Carrousel">Place du Carrousel</a> on July 4, 1900. Afterwards, Bartlett was dissatisfied with certain aspects of the design, and changed them. His bronze statue erected there in 1908 differs considerably from the statue depicted on the coin. Changes made included the elimination of Lafayette's three-cornered hat, and the position of the raised arm and sword.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBowers115_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBowers115-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The statue stood there for almost eighty years, but was displaced in the 1980s during the excavations for <a href="/wiki/I._M._Pei" title="I. M. Pei">I. M. Pei</a>'s glass pyramid at the Louvre. It now stands on <a href="/wiki/Cours-la-Reine" title="Cours-la-Reine">Cours-la-Reine</a> in Paris, along the <a href="/wiki/River_Seine" class="mw-redirect" title="River Seine">River Seine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEField_etc.66–67_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEField_etc.66–67-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Once the coins were minted, the commission began sales at $2 each. After February 1900, when the commission moved its offices from Chicago to Paris, sales were handled by the American Trust & Savings Bank of Chicago. Only small numbers were sold to coin collectors.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESwiatek_&_Breen127–128_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESwiatek_&_Breen127–128-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sales, conducted through the bank, continued for several years. Prices initially dropped on the secondary market—the pieces could be purchased for $1.10 in 1903—and thousands may have been released into circulation, or were spent by purchasers in hard times.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlynn202_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlynn202-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1920, the market price passed the original issue price, and thereafter prices rose steadily, reaching $3.50 by 1930, $5 at the height of the commemorative coin boom in July 1936, $13 by 1950, $55 by 1960, and $650 by 1975.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBowers120_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBowers120-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fourteen thousand pieces were returned to the Treasury, and were held in $1,000 sacks. This followed poor sales of the new coin in Paris—only 1,800 sold there; some 10,000 were returned to the United States. They were held for many years. In 1945, Omaha coin dealer Aubrey Beebe learned about the coins from government records and enquired, only to be told that the coins had been recently melted.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESwiatek65_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESwiatek65-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Lafayette dollar is the first American coin to depict a US citizen.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESlabaugh17_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESlabaugh17-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the Lafayette piece, the Mint did not again strike a commemorative silver dollar until the 1983-S <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_XXIII_Olympiad_dollar" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles XXIII Olympiad dollar">Los Angeles Olympics dollar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBowers489_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBowers489-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collecting">Collecting</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lafayette_dollar&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Collecting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1925, numismatist George H. Clapp discovered a Lafayette dollar that slightly differed from published descriptions. He researched the matter further over the following decade, and discovered two additional <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_numismatics#V" title="Glossary of numismatics">varieties</a>. These exist because multiple dies, for both obverse and reverse, were used in striking the Lafayette piece, and the dies were not identical. Swiatek, writing in 2012, noted a fifth die combination he had discovered, and examined images of hundreds of Lafayette dollars he owned or that were on the <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a>. He reported that two varieties combined for more than 90% of the specimens, with the remaining ones much rarer. Because of this, he speculated that the dollars were struck on at least two machines, not one as usually reported, with the rarer varieties the result of replacement dies being inserted as the original ones wore out. The differences are minor (for example, whether the M in "America" is raised or even with the A that precedes it on the obverse, and details of the palm branch on the reverse) and the coin is rarely collected by die type, meaning that little premium value attaches to the less common varieties.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESwiatek60–65_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESwiatek60–65-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/R.S._Yeoman" class="mw-redirect" title="R.S. Yeoman">R.S. Yeoman</a>'s deluxe edition of <i><a href="/wiki/A_Guide_Book_of_United_States_Coins" title="A Guide Book of United States Coins">A Guide Book of United States Coins</a></i> issued in 2018 lists the Lafayette dollar at $485 in <a href="/wiki/Coin_grading" title="Coin grading">Almost Uncirculated</a> (AU-50) ranging upwards to $15,000 in near-pristine MS-66. One in MS-67 condition sold in 2015 for $73,438.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYeoman1049_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYeoman1049-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most Lafayette dollars display contact marks from other coins as the pieces were mechanically ejected from the press into a hopper and no attempt was made to preserve their appearance for collectors.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBowers116_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBowers116-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although whether the specimen is well-struck or not rarely affects value, clearly struck specimens will show the engraving line separating Lafayette's boot from the rest of his uniform, and details of the lower part of his clothing will also be distinct. The highest points on the coin, at which wear should be most apparent, are Washington's cheekbone on the obverse and the face of Lafayette on the reverse.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESwiatek66–67_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESwiatek66–67-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The coin has been counterfeited from time to time. Various techniques have also been used to make genuine specimens shinier to deceive collectors, including polishing, a process that damages their surfaces and patina.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESwiatek65–67_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESwiatek65–67-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References_and_bibliography">References and bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lafayette_dollar&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References and bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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.references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESlabaugh17-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESlabaugh17_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESlabaugh17_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSlabaugh">Slabaugh</a>, p. 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESlabaugh17–18-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESlabaugh17–18_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSlabaugh">Slabaugh</a>, pp. 17–18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESlabaugh18-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESlabaugh18_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESlabaugh18_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESlabaugh18_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESlabaugh18_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSlabaugh">Slabaugh</a>, p. 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdams35-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdams35_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAdams">Adams</a>, p. 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESlabaugh18–19-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESlabaugh18–19_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSlabaugh">Slabaugh</a>, pp. 18–19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESlabaugh17,_19-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESlabaugh17,_19_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSlabaugh">Slabaugh</a>, pp. 17, 19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBowman2014" class="citation news cs1">Bowman, Bridget (December 29, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141231065636/http://blogs.rollcall.com/hill-blotter/bernardo-de-galvez-y-madrids-very-good-year/?dcz=">"Bernardo de Gálvez y Madrid's Very Good Year"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Roll_Call" title="Roll Call">Roll Call</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.rollcall.com/hill-blotter/bernardo-de-galvez-y-madrids-very-good-year/?dcz=">the original</a> on December 31, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 10,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Roll+Call&rft.atitle=Bernardo+de+G%C3%A1lvez+y+Madrid%27s+Very+Good+Year&rft.date=2014-12-29&rft.aulast=Bowman&rft.aufirst=Bridget&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.rollcall.com%2Fhill-blotter%2Fbernardo-de-galvez-y-madrids-very-good-year%2F%3Fdcz%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALafayette+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeck169-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeck169_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPeck">Peck</a>, p. 169.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeck169–170-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeck169–170_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPeck">Peck</a>, pp. 169–170.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeck170-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeck170_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPeck">Peck</a>, p. 170.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBowers113–114-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBowers113–114_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBowers">Bowers</a>, pp. 113–114.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELange122,_126-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELange122,_126_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLange">Lange</a>, pp. 122, 126.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBureau_of_the_Mint88–89-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBureau_of_the_Mint88–89_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBureau_of_the_Mint">Bureau of the Mint</a>, pp. 88–89.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaxay14-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaxay14_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaxay">Taxay</a>, p. 14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlynn248-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlynn248_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlynn248_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFlynn">Flynn</a>, p. 248.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaxay15-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaxay15_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaxay">Taxay</a>, p. 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlynn248–249-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlynn248–249_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFlynn">Flynn</a>, pp. 248–249.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaxay17-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaxay17_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaxay">Taxay</a>, p. 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaxay17–18-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaxay17–18_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaxay">Taxay</a>, pp. 17–18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaxay18-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaxay18_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaxay18_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaxay18_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaxay">Taxay</a>, p. 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESlabaugh15-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESlabaugh15_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSlabaugh">Slabaugh</a>, p. 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESwiatek_&_Breen123-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESwiatek_&_Breen123_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESwiatek_&_Breen123_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESwiatek_&_Breen123_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSwiatek_&_Breen">Swiatek & Breen</a>, p. 123.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESwiatek_&_Breen126-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESwiatek_&_Breen126_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESwiatek_&_Breen126_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESwiatek_&_Breen126_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSwiatek_&_Breen">Swiatek & Breen</a>, p. 126.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESwiatek59-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESwiatek59_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESwiatek59_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESwiatek59_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSwiatek">Swiatek</a>, p. 59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBowers115-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBowers115_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBowers115_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBowers115_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBowers115_25-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBowers">Bowers</a>, p. 115.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurdette11-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurdette11_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBurdette">Burdette</a>, p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVermeule101–102-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVermeule101–102_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVermeule">Vermeule</a>, pp. 101–102.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESwiatek60-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESwiatek60_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESwiatek60_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSwiatek">Swiatek</a>, p. 60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBowers116,_119-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBowers116,_119_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBowers">Bowers</a>, pp. 116, 119.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESwiatek_&_Breen69,_126–127-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESwiatek_&_Breen69,_126–127_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSwiatek_&_Breen">Swiatek & Breen</a>, pp. 69, 126–127.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1900/01/23/102579030.pdf">"Lafayette's statue's cost"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. January 23, 1900.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Lafayette%27s+statue%27s+cost&rft.date=1900-01-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1900%2F01%2F23%2F102579030.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALafayette+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESwiatek_&_Breen128-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESwiatek_&_Breen128_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSwiatek_&_Breen">Swiatek & Breen</a>, p. 128.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEField_etc.66–67-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEField_etc.66–67_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFField_etc.">Field etc.</a>, pp. 66–67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESwiatek_&_Breen127–128-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESwiatek_&_Breen127–128_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSwiatek_&_Breen">Swiatek & Breen</a>, pp. 127–128.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlynn202-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlynn202_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFlynn">Flynn</a>, p. 202.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBowers120-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBowers120_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBowers">Bowers</a>, p. 120.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESwiatek65-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESwiatek65_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSwiatek">Swiatek</a>, p. 65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBowers489-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBowers489_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBowers">Bowers</a>, p. 489.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESwiatek60–65-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESwiatek60–65_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSwiatek">Swiatek</a>, pp. 60–65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYeoman1049-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYeoman1049_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFYeoman">Yeoman</a>, p. 1049.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBowers116-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBowers116_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBowers">Bowers</a>, p. 116.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESwiatek66–67-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESwiatek66–67_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSwiatek">Swiatek</a>, pp. 66–67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESwiatek65–67-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESwiatek65–67_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSwiatek">Swiatek</a>, pp. 65–67.</span> </li> </ol></div> <p><b>Books</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdams" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">Adams, John Quincy</a> (1835). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gjE2AAAAMAAJ"><i>Oration on the Life and Character of Gilbert M. de Lafayette</i></a>. Trenton, NJ: D. Fenton. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/191237505">191237505</a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Oration+on+the+Life+and+Character+of+Gilbert+M.+de+Lafayette&rft.place=Trenton%2C+NJ&rft.pub=D.+Fenton&rft.date=1835&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F191237505&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=John+Quincy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgjE2AAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALafayette+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBowers" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Q._David_Bowers" title="Q. David Bowers">Bowers, Q. David</a> (1992). <i>Commemorative Coins of the United States: A Complete Encyclopedia</i>. Wolfeboro, NH: Bowers and Merena Galleries, Inc.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Commemorative+Coins+of+the+United+States%3A+A+Complete+Encyclopedia&rft.place=Wolfeboro%2C+NH&rft.pub=Bowers+and+Merena+Galleries%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Bowers&rft.aufirst=Q.+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALafayette+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurdette" class="citation book cs1">Burdette, Roger W. (2006). <i>Renaissance of American Coinage, 1905–1908</i>. Great Falls, Va.: Seneca Mill Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9768986-1-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9768986-1-0"><bdi>978-0-9768986-1-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Renaissance+of+American+Coinage%2C+1905%E2%80%931908&rft.place=Great+Falls%2C+Va.&rft.pub=Seneca+Mill+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-9768986-1-0&rft.aulast=Burdette&rft.aufirst=Roger+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALafayette+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBureau_of_the_Mint" class="citation book cs1">Bureau of the Mint (1904). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rmtAAAAAYAAJ"><i>Laws of the United States Relating to the Coinage</i></a>. Washington, DC: United States Government Printing Office. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/8109299">8109299</a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Laws+of+the+United+States+Relating+to+the+Coinage&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pub=United+States+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1904&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F8109299&rft.au=Bureau+of+the+Mint&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrmtAAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALafayette+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFField_etc." class="citation book cs1">Field, Cynthia R.; Gournay, Isabelle; Somma, Thomas P. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KncXnyUdRhoC"><i>Paris on the Potomac: The French Influence on the Architecture and Art of Washington</i></a>. Vol. 3. Athens, OH: Ohio University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8214-4239-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8214-4239-5"><bdi>978-0-8214-4239-5</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Paris+on+the+Potomac%3A+The+French+Influence+on+the+Architecture+and+Art+of+Washington&rft.place=Athens%2C+OH&rft.pub=Ohio+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-8214-4239-5&rft.aulast=Field&rft.aufirst=Cynthia+R.&rft.au=Gournay%2C+Isabelle&rft.au=Somma%2C+Thomas+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKncXnyUdRhoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALafayette+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlynn" class="citation book cs1">Flynn, Kevin (2008). <i>The Authoritative Reference on Commemorative Coins 1892–1954</i>. Roswell, GA: Kyle Vick. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/711779330">711779330</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Authoritative+Reference+on+Commemorative+Coins+1892%E2%80%931954&rft.place=Roswell%2C+GA&rft.pub=Kyle+Vick&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F711779330&rft.aulast=Flynn&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALafayette+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLange" class="citation book cs1">Lange, David W. (2006). <i>History of the United States Mint and its Coinage</i>. Atlanta, GA: Whitman Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7948-1972-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7948-1972-9"><bdi>978-0-7948-1972-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+United+States+Mint+and+its+Coinage&rft.place=Atlanta%2C+GA&rft.pub=Whitman+Publishing&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-7948-1972-9&rft.aulast=Lange&rft.aufirst=David+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALafayette+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeck" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Peck" title="Ferdinand Peck">Peck, Ferdinand W.</a> (1901). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cCkpAAAAYAAJ"><i>Report of the Commissioner-General for the United States to the International Universal Exposition, Paris, France, 1900</i></a>. Vol. 1. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Report+of+the+Commissioner-General+for+the+United+States+to+the+International+Universal+Exposition%2C+Paris%2C+France%2C+1900&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=United+States+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1901&rft.aulast=Peck&rft.aufirst=Ferdinand+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcCkpAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALafayette+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSlabaugh" class="citation book cs1">Slabaugh, Arlie R. (1975). <i>United States Commemorative Coinage</i> (2nd ed.). Racine, WI: Whitman Publishing (then a division of Western Publishing Company, Inc.). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-307-09377-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-307-09377-6"><bdi>978-0-307-09377-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=United+States+Commemorative+Coinage&rft.place=Racine%2C+WI&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Whitman+Publishing+%28then+a+division+of+Western+Publishing+Company%2C+Inc.%29&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-0-307-09377-6&rft.aulast=Slabaugh&rft.aufirst=Arlie+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALafayette+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwiatek" class="citation book cs1">Swiatek, Anthony (2012). <i>Encyclopedia of the Commemorative Coins of the United States</i>. Chicago: KWS Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9817736-7-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9817736-7-4"><bdi>978-0-9817736-7-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Commemorative+Coins+of+the+United+States&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=KWS+Publishers&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-9817736-7-4&rft.aulast=Swiatek&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALafayette+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwiatek_&_Breen" class="citation book cs1">Swiatek, Anthony & <a href="/wiki/Walter_Breen" title="Walter Breen">Breen, Walter</a> (1981). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofun00swia"><i>The Encyclopedia of United States Silver & Gold Commemorative Coins, 1892 to 1954</i></a></span>. New York: Arco Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-668-04765-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-668-04765-4"><bdi>978-0-668-04765-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+United+States+Silver+%26+Gold+Commemorative+Coins%2C+1892+to+1954&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Arco+Publishing&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=978-0-668-04765-4&rft.aulast=Swiatek&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft.au=Breen%2C+Walter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaofun00swia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALafayette+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaxay" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Don_Taxay" title="Don Taxay">Taxay, Don</a> (1967). <i>An Illustrated History of U.S. Commemorative Coinage</i>. New York: Arco Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-668-01536-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-668-01536-3"><bdi>978-0-668-01536-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Illustrated+History+of+U.S.+Commemorative+Coinage&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Arco+Publishing&rft.date=1967&rft.isbn=978-0-668-01536-3&rft.aulast=Taxay&rft.aufirst=Don&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALafayette+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVermeule" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Clarkson_Vermeule_III" title="Cornelius Clarkson Vermeule III">Vermeule, Cornelius</a> (1971). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/numismaticartina0000verm"><i>Numismatic Art in America</i></a></span>. Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-62840-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-62840-3"><bdi>978-0-674-62840-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Numismatic+Art+in+America&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pub=The+Belknap+Press+of+Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=978-0-674-62840-3&rft.aulast=Vermeule&rft.aufirst=Cornelius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnumismaticartina0000verm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALafayette+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYeoman" class="citation book cs1">Yeoman, R.S. (2018). <i>A Guide Book of United States Coins 2014</i> (4th ed.). Atlanta, GA: Whitman Publishing, LLC. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7948-4580-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7948-4580-3"><bdi>978-0-7948-4580-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Guide+Book+of+United+States+Coins+2014&rft.place=Atlanta%2C+GA&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Whitman+Publishing%2C+LLC&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-0-7948-4580-3&rft.aulast=Yeoman&rft.aufirst=R.S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALafayette+dollar" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Coinage_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Coins_of_the_United_States_dollar" title="Coins of the United States dollar">Coinage of the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coins_of_the_United_States_dollar#Current_coinage" title="Coins of the United States dollar">Circulating</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penny_(United_States_coin)" title="Penny (United States coin)">1¢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickel_(United_States_coin)" title="Nickel (United States coin)">5¢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dime_(United_States_coin)" title="Dime (United States coin)">10¢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarter_(United_States_coin)" title="Quarter (United States coin)">25¢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half_dollar_(United_States_coin)" title="Half dollar (United States coin)">50¢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dollar_coin_(United_States)" title="Dollar coin (United States)">$1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Obsolete_denominations_of_United_States_currency" title="Obsolete denominations of United States currency">Obsolete</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Half_cent_(United_States_coin)" title="Half cent (United States coin)"><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>¢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fugio_cent" title="Fugio cent">1¢ (Fugio)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Large_cent" title="Large cent">1¢ (large size)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-cent_piece_(United_States)" title="Two-cent piece (United States)">2¢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-cent_silver" title="Three-cent silver">3¢ (silver)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-cent_nickel" title="Three-cent nickel">3¢ (nickel)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half_dime" title="Half dime">5¢ (silver)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-cent_piece_(United_States_coin)" title="Twenty-cent piece (United States coin)">20¢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_dollar" title="Gold dollar">$1 (gold)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarter_eagle" title="Quarter eagle">$2.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-dollar_piece" title="Three-dollar piece">$3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half_eagle" title="Half eagle">$5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_(United_States_coin)" title="Eagle (United States coin)">$10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_eagle" title="Double eagle">$20</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Canceled_denominations_of_United_States_currency" title="Canceled denominations of United States currency">Canceled</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Two-cent_billon" title="Two-cent billon">2¢ (billon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_and_a_half_cent_coin_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Two and a half cent coin (United States)"><span class="frac">2<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>¢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-cent_bronze" title="Three-cent bronze">3¢ (bronze)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_dollar_coin_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Two dollar coin (United States)">$2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stella_(United_States_coin)" title="Stella (United States coin)">$4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half_union" title="Half union">$50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_(United_States_coin)" title="Union (United States coin)">$100</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_commemorative_coins" title="United States commemorative coins">Commemorative</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(1800s)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (1800s)">1800s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(1900s)" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (1900s)">1900s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(1910s)" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (1910s)">1910s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(1920s)" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (1920s)">1920s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(1930s)" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (1930s)">1930s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(1940s)" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (1940s)">1940s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(1950s)" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (1950s)">1950s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(1970s)" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (1970s)">1970s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(1980s)" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (1980s)">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(1990s)" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (1990s)">1990s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(2000s)" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (2000s)">2000s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(2010s)" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (2010s)">2010s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_(2020s)" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals (2020s)">2020s</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coins_of_the_United_States_dollar#Bullion_coins" title="Coins of the United States dollar">Bullion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Silver_Eagle" title="American Silver Eagle">Silver Eagle</a> (1986–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Gold_Eagle" title="American Gold Eagle">Gold Eagle</a> (1986–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Platinum_Eagle" title="American Platinum Eagle">Platinum Eagle</a> (1997–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Buffalo_(coin)" title="American Buffalo (coin)">Gold Buffalo</a> (2006–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_dollar_coins#First_Spouse_program" title="Presidential dollar coins">First Spouse (gold)</a> (2007–2016; 2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Palladium_Eagle" title="American Palladium Eagle">Palladium Eagle</a> (2017–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/America_the_Beautiful_silver_bullion_coins" title="America the Beautiful silver bullion coins">America the Beautiful silver bullion coins</a> (2010–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Liberty_high_relief_gold_coin" title="American Liberty high relief gold coin">American Liberty high relief gold coin</a> (2015–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Special sets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Proof_Set" title="United States Proof Set">Proof Set</a> (1936–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Mint_Set" title="United States Mint Set">Mint Set</a> (1947–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Mint_Set#Special_Mint_Sets_(1964–1967)" title="United States Mint Set">Special Mint Set</a> (1964–1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Mint_Set#Souvenir_Sets" title="United States Mint Set">Souvenir Set</a> (1972–1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Proof_Set#Silver_proof_sets_(1976;_1992–present)" title="United States Proof Set">Silver Proof Set</a> (1976, 1992–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Proof_Set#Prestige_proof_sets_(1983–1997)" title="United States Proof Set">Prestige Set</a> (1983–1997)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_commemorative_coinage_(1800s)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US commemorative coinage (1800s)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="*_United_States_commemorative_coins_(pre-1900)_*_1900s_→" class="hlist" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_commemorative_coins_and_medals_before_1900" title="List of United States commemorative coins and medals before 1900">United States commemorative coins (pre-1900)</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_commemorative_coinage_(1900s)" title="Template:US commemorative coinage (1900s)">1900s <span style="font-weight:normal;">→</span></a></span></li></ul> </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1848</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quarter_eagle#Liberty_Head" title="Quarter eagle">"CAL" Liberty Head quarter eagle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1892</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columbian_half_dollar" title="Columbian half dollar">Columbian half dollar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1893</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_quarter" title="Isabella quarter">Isabella quarter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbian_half_dollar" title="Columbian half dollar">Columbian half dollar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1899</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lafayette dollar</a> (dated 1900)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Gilbert_du_Motier,_Marquis_de_Lafayette" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Gilbert_du_Motier,_Marquis_de_Lafayette" title="Template:Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gilbert_du_Motier,_Marquis_de_Lafayette" title="Template talk:Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gilbert_du_Motier,_Marquis_de_Lafayette" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Gilbert_du_Motier,_Marquis_de_Lafayette" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_du_Motier,_Marquis_de_Lafayette" title="Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette">Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Principal author</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen" title="Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen">Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen</a> (1789)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpg/100px-Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpg/150px-Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpg/200px-Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3657" data-file-height="4636" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">American Revolution</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_frigate_Hermione_(1779)" title="French frigate Hermione (1779)">French frigate <i>Hermione</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brandywine" title="Battle of Brandywine">Battle of Brandywine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gloucester_(1777)" title="Battle of Gloucester (1777)">Battle of Gloucester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_Forge" title="Valley Forge">Valley Forge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Barren_Hill" title="Battle of Barren Hill">Battle of Barren Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rhode_Island" title="Battle of Rhode Island">Battle of Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Monmouth" title="Battle of Monmouth">Battle of Monmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Green_Spring" title="Battle of Green Spring">Battle of Green Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Yorktown" title="Siege of Yorktown">Siege of Yorktown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-American_alliance" title="Franco-American alliance">Franco-American alliance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">French Revolution</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Notables" title="Assembly of Notables">Assembly of Notables</a> (1787)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estates_General_of_1789" title="Estates General of 1789">Estates General of 1789</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Guard_(France)" title="National Guard (France)">National Guard (France)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen" title="Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen">Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_March_on_Versailles" title="Women's March on Versailles">Women's March on Versailles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotic_Society_of_1789" title="Patriotic Society of 1789">Society of 1789</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/F%C3%AAte_de_la_F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration" title="Fête de la Fédération">Fête de la Fédération</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day_of_Daggers" title="Day of Daggers">Day of Daggers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champ_de_Mars_massacre" title="Champ de Mars massacre">Champ de Mars massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_First_Coalition" title="War of the First Coalition">War of the First Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_Revolution" title="July Revolution">July Revolution</a> (1830)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visit_of_the_Marquis_de_Lafayette_to_the_United_States" title="Visit of the Marquis de Lafayette to the United States">1824–25 Grand Tour of the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette_Welcoming_Parade_of_1824_(New_York_City)" title="Lafayette Welcoming Parade of 1824 (New York City)">New York City parade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette_Welcoming_Parade_of_1824_(Philadelphia)" title="Lafayette Welcoming Parade of 1824 (Philadelphia)">Philadelphia parade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Brandywine" title="USS Brandywine">USS <i>Brandywine</i></a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Chavaniac" title="Château de Chavaniac">Château de Chavaniac</a> (birthplace and home)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_la_Grange-Bl%C3%A9neau" title="Château de la Grange-Bléneau">Château de la Grange-Bléneau</a> (home and museum)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette_Land_Grant" title="Lafayette Land Grant">Lafayette Land Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picpus_Cemetery" title="Picpus Cemetery">Picpus Cemetery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Honors_and_memorials_to_the_Marquis_de_Lafayette" title="Honors and memorials to the Marquis de Lafayette">Honors and<br />memorials</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_named_for_the_Marquis_de_Lafayette" title="List of places named for the Marquis de Lafayette">List of places named for the Marquis de Lafayette</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fayetteville,_North_Carolina" title="Fayetteville, North Carolina">Fayetteville, North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette,_Louisiana" title="Lafayette, Louisiana">Lafayette, Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Lafayette" title="Fort Lafayette">Fort Lafayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette_Hill,_Pennsylvania" title="Lafayette Hill, Pennsylvania">Lafayette Hill, Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette_College" title="Lafayette College">Lafayette College</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_the_Marquis_de_Lafayette_(New_York_City)" title="Statue of the Marquis de Lafayette (New York City)">New York City statue</a> (1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaFayette_Fountain" title="LaFayette Fountain">LaFayette Fountain</a> (1887)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette_Square,_Washington,_D.C." title="Lafayette Square, Washington, D.C.">Lafayette Square, Washington, D.C.</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_the_Marquis_de_Lafayette_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Statue of the Marquis de Lafayette (Washington, D.C.)">1891 statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette_Square_Historic_District,_Washington,_D.C." title="Lafayette Square Historic District, Washington, D.C.">Lafayette Square Historic District</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lafayette dollar</a> (1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Lafayette" title="Mount Lafayette">Mount Lafayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette_Memorial" title="Lafayette Memorial">Lafayette Memorial</a> (1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_the_Marquis_de_Lafayette_(Lafayette_College)" title="Statue of the Marquis de Lafayette (Lafayette College)">Lafayette College statue</a> (1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_the_Marquis_de_Lafayette_(Los_Angeles)" title="Statue of the Marquis de Lafayette (Los Angeles)">Los Angeles statue</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette_Escadrille" title="Lafayette Escadrille">Lafayette Escadrille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Lafayette" title="USS Lafayette">USS <i>Lafayette</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marquis_de_Lafayette_(Morse)" title="Marquis de Lafayette (Morse)">1825 Samuel Morse painting</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Lafayette_(We_Hear_You_Calling)" title="Lafayette (We Hear You Calling)">Lafayette (We Hear You Calling)</a>" (1918 song)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Fayette_(film)" title="La Fayette (film)">La Fayette</a></i> (1961 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Valley_Forge_(film)" title="Valley Forge (film)">Valley Forge</a></i> (1975 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_R%C3%A9volution_fran%C3%A7aise_(film)" title="La Révolution française (film)">La Révolution française</a></i> (1989 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_in_Paris" title="Jefferson in Paris">Jefferson in Paris</a></i> (1995 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Liberty!" title="Liberty!">Liberty!</a></i> (1997 documentary miniseries)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Liberty%27s_Kids" title="Liberty's Kids">Liberty's Kids</a></i> (2002 television series)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_(musical)" title="Hamilton (musical)">Hamilton</a></i> (2015 musical, <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_(2020_film)" title="Hamilton (2020 film)">2020 film</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lafayette_in_the_Somewhat_United_States" title="Lafayette in the Somewhat United States">Lafayette in the Somewhat United States</a></i> (2015 book)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hero_of_Two_Worlds:_The_Marquis_de_Lafayette_in_the_Age_of_Revolution" title="Hero of Two Worlds: The Marquis de Lafayette in the Age of Revolution">Hero of Two Worlds: The Marquis de Lafayette in the Age of Revolution</a></i> (2021 book)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Franklin_(miniseries)" title="Franklin (miniseries)">Franklin</a></i> (2024 miniseries)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lafayette_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Lafayette family">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adrienne_de_La_Fayette" title="Adrienne de La Fayette">Adrienne de La Fayette</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Washington_de_La_Fayette" title="Georges Washington de La Fayette">Georges Washington de La Fayette</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_du_Motier,_Marquis_de_La_Fayette" title="Michel du Motier, Marquis de La Fayette">Michel du Motier, Marquis de La Fayette</a> (father)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Lafayette" title="Order of Lafayette">Order of Lafayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honorary_citizenship_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Honorary citizenship of the United States">Honorary U.S. citizenship</a> (2002)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="George_Washington" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:George_Washington" title="Template:George Washington"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:George_Washington" title="Template talk:George Washington"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:George_Washington" title="Special:EditPage/Template:George Washington"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="George_Washington" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">1st</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (1789–1797)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commanding_General_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Commanding General of the United States Army">Senior Officer of the Army</a> (1798–1799)</li> <li>Commander-in-Chief of the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Continental Army</a> (1775–1783)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_delegates_to_the_Continental_Congress" title="List of delegates to the Continental Congress">Delegate</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Second_Continental_Congress" title="Second Continental Congress">Second Continental Congress</a> (1775)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_delegates_to_the_Continental_Congress" title="List of delegates to the Continental Congress">Delegate</a> to the <a href="/wiki/First_Continental_Congress" title="First Continental Congress">First Continental Congress</a> (1774)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Military_career_of_George_Washington" title="Military career of George Washington">Military career</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Revolutionary War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_career_of_George_Washington" title="Military career of George Washington">Military career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_in_the_French_and_Indian_War" title="George Washington in the French and Indian War">French and Indian War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jumonville_Glen" title="Battle of Jumonville Glen">Jumonville Glen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Necessity" title="Battle of Fort Necessity">Battle of Fort Necessity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Monongahela" title="Battle of the Monongahela">Battle of the Monongahela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forbes_Expedition" title="Forbes Expedition">Forbes Expedition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_in_the_American_Revolution" title="George Washington in the American Revolution">Washington in the American Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Commander-in-chief, Continental Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington%27s_aides-de-camp" title="Washington's aides-de-camp">Aides-de-camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Washington%27s_Headquarters_during_the_Revolutionary_War" title="List of Washington's Headquarters during the Revolutionary War">Washington's headquarters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_tent" title="George Washington's tent">office and sleeping tent</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_campaign" title="Boston campaign">Boston campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Boston" title="Siege of Boston">Siege of Boston</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_and_New_Jersey_campaign" title="New York and New Jersey campaign">New York and New Jersey campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_crossing_of_the_Delaware_River" title="George Washington's crossing of the Delaware River">Delaware River crossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trenton" title="Battle of Trenton">Battle of Trenton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Assunpink_Creek" title="Battle of the Assunpink Creek">Battle of the Assunpink Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Princeton" title="Battle of Princeton">Battle of Princeton</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_campaign" title="Philadelphia campaign">Philadelphia campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brandywine" title="Battle of Brandywine">Battle of Brandywine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Germantown" title="Battle of Germantown">Battle of Germantown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_White_Marsh" title="Battle of White Marsh">Battle of White Marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_Forge" title="Valley Forge">Valley Forge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Monmouth" title="Battle of Monmouth">Battle of Monmouth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Saratoga" title="Battles of Saratoga">Battles of Saratoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sullivan_Expedition" title="Sullivan Expedition">Sullivan Expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorktown_campaign" title="Yorktown campaign">Yorktown campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Yorktown" title="Siege of Yorktown">Siege of Yorktown</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culper_Ring" title="Culper Ring">Culper Spy Ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newburgh_Conspiracy" title="Newburgh Conspiracy">Newburgh Conspiracy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Newburgh_letter" title="Newburgh letter">Newburgh letter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asgill_Affair" title="Asgill Affair">Asgill Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evacuation_Day_(New_York)" title="Evacuation Day (New York)">Evacuation Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_resignation_as_commander-in-chief" title="George Washington's resignation as commander-in-chief">Resignation as commander-in-chief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badge_of_Military_Merit" title="Badge of Military Merit">Badge of Military Merit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Purple_Heart" title="Purple Heart">Purple Heart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Before_Boston_Medal" title="Washington Before Boston Medal">Washington Before Boston Medal</a></li> <li>Horses <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_(horse)" title="Nelson (horse)">Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blueskin_(horse)" title="Blueskin (horse)">Blueskin</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Other U.S.<br />founding events</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Association" title="Virginia Association">Initiated, co-wrote, 1769 Virginia Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairfax_Resolves" title="Fairfax Resolves">Initiated, 1774 Fairfax Resolves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Association" title="Continental Association">Continental Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Appeals_in_Cases_of_Capture" title="Court of Appeals in Cases of Capture">Court of Appeals in Cases of Capture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon_Conference" title="Mount Vernon Conference">1785 Mount Vernon Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Convention_(United_States)" title="Constitutional Convention (United States)">Chairman, 1787 Constitutional Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_political_evolution" title="George Washington's political evolution">George Washington's political evolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_Washington" title="Presidency of George Washington">Presidency</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_Washington_presidency" title="Timeline of the George Washington presidency">timeline)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election" title="1788–89 United States presidential election">1788–89 United States presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_George_Washington" title="First inauguration of George Washington">First inauguration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Inaugural_Bible" title="George Washington Inaugural Bible">inaugural bible</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1792_United_States_presidential_election" title="1792 United States presidential election">1792 presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_George_Washington" title="Second inauguration of George Washington">Second inauguration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_reception_at_Trenton" title="George Washington's reception at Trenton">Reception at Trenton</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mr._President_(title)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mr. President (title)">Title of "Mr. President"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">Cabinet of the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">Attorney General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">Secretary of the Treasury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_War" title="United States Secretary of War">Secretary of War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_Act_of_1789" title="Judiciary Act of 1789">Judiciary Act of 1789</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_act_to_regulate_the_time_and_manner_of_administering_certain_oaths" class="mw-redirect" title="An act to regulate the time and manner of administering certain oaths">Oath Administration Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonintercourse_Act" title="Nonintercourse Act">Nonintercourse Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whiskey_Rebellion" title="Whiskey Rebellion">Whiskey Rebellion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Militia_Acts_of_1792" title="Militia Acts of 1792">Militia Acts of 1792</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coinage_Act_of_1792" title="Coinage Act of 1792">Coinage Act of 1792</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Mint" title="United States Mint">United States Mint</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Succession_Act" title="Presidential Succession Act">Presidential Succession Act of 1792</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_cornerstone_laying" title="United States Capitol cornerstone laying">United States Capitol cornerstone laying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_Neutrality" title="Proclamation of Neutrality">Proclamation of Neutrality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neutrality_Act_of_1794" title="Neutrality Act of 1794">Neutrality Act of 1794</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Treaty" title="Jay Treaty">Jay Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinckney%27s_Treaty" title="Pinckney's Treaty">Pinckney's Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_Trade_Act_of_1794" title="Slave Trade Act of 1794">Slave Trade Act of 1794</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Residence_Act" title="Residence Act">Residence Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Thanksgiving_Proclamation" title="National Thanksgiving Proclamation">Thanksgiving Proclamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_Farewell_Address" title="George Washington's Farewell Address">Farewell Address</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1790_State_of_the_Union_Address" class="mw-redirect" title="1790 State of the Union Address">State of the Union Address 1790</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1791_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1791 State of the Union Address">1791</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1792_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1792 State of the Union Address">1792</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1793_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1793 State of the Union Address">1793</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1796_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1796 State of the Union Address">1796</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_Washington#Administration,_Cabinet_and_Supreme_Court_appointments" title="Presidency of George Washington">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_George_Washington" title="List of federal judges appointed by George Washington">Federal judicial appointments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Rutledge_Supreme_Court_nominations" title="John Rutledge Supreme Court nominations">John Rutledge Supreme Court nominations</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Views and<br />public image</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fred_W._Smith_National_Library_for_the_Study_of_George_Washington" title="Fred W. Smith National Library for the Study of George Washington">Presidential library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Papers" title="The Washington Papers">The Washington Papers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_views_of_George_Washington" title="Religious views of George Washington">Religious views</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Town_Destroyer" title="Town Destroyer">Town Destroyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legacy_of_George_Washington" title="Legacy of George Washington">Legacy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life and homes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington#Early_life_(1732–1753)" title="George Washington">Early life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Birthplace_National_Monument" title="George Washington Birthplace National Monument">Birthplace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferry_Farm" title="Ferry Farm">Ferry Farm boyhood home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon" title="Mount Vernon">Mount Vernon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_Fishery" title="George Washington's Fishery">Fishery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_Gristmill" title="George Washington's Gristmill">Gristmill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_Rye_Whiskey" title="George Washington's Rye Whiskey">Whiskey distillery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodlawn_(Alexandria,_Virginia)" title="Woodlawn (Alexandria, Virginia)">Woodlawn Plantation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longfellow_House%E2%80%93Washington%27s_Headquarters_National_Historic_Site" title="Longfellow House–Washington's Headquarters National Historic Site">Longfellow House–Washington's Headquarters National Historic Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Mansion" title="Ford Mansion">Ford Mansion, Washington's headquarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington%27s_Headquarters_State_Historic_Site" title="Washington's Headquarters State Historic Site">Hasbrouck House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Osgood_House" title="Samuel Osgood House">First Presidential Mansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Macomb_House" title="Alexander Macomb House">Second Presidential Mansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_House_(Philadelphia)" title="President's House (Philadelphia)">President's House, Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germantown_White_House" title="Germantown White House">Germantown White House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Parke_Custis#Estate" title="Daniel Parke Custis">Custis estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_relations_with_the_Iroquois_Confederacy" title="George Washington's relations with the Iroquois Confederacy">Washington's relations with the Iroquois Confederacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potomac_Company" title="Potomac Company">Potomac Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_River_and_Kanawha_Canal" title="James River and Kanawha Canal">James River and Kanawha Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Road_Lottery" title="Mountain Road Lottery">Mountain Road Lottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Gold_Medal" title="Congressional Gold Medal">Congressional Gold Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanks_of_Congress" title="Thanks of Congress">Thanks of Congress</a></li> <li>President General of the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_Cincinnati" title="Society of the Cincinnati">Society of the Cincinnati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_College" title="Washington College">Washington College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_and_Lee_University" title="Washington and Lee University">Washington and Lee University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_George_Washington" title="Electoral history of George Washington">Electoral history of George Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-presidency_of_George_Washington" title="Post-presidency of George Washington">Post-presidency of George Washington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_memorials_to_George_Washington" title="List of memorials to George Washington">Memorials</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_George_Washington" title="Cultural depictions of George Washington">depictions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Monument" title="Washington Monument">Washington Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Rushmore" title="Mount Rushmore">Mount Rushmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidents%27_Day" title="Presidents' Day">Washington's Birthday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purple_Heart" title="Purple Heart">Purple Heart</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Apotheosis_of_Washington" title="The Apotheosis of Washington">The Apotheosis of Washington</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Monument_State_Park" title="Washington Monument State Park">Washington Monument (Boonsboro, Maryland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Monument_(Baltimore)" title="Washington Monument (Baltimore)">Washington Monument (Baltimore)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Washington_(Houdon)" title="Statue of George Washington (Houdon)"><i>George Washington</i> (Houdon)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(copy_of_bust_by_Houdon)" title="George Washington (copy of bust by Houdon)">plaster copy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(Ceracchi)" title="George Washington (Ceracchi)"><i>George Washington</i> (Ceracchi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(Canova)" title="George Washington (Canova)"><i>George Washington</i> (Canova)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(Greenough)" title="George Washington (Greenough)"><i>George Washington</i> (Greenough)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(Trumbull)" title="George Washington (Trumbull)"><i>George Washington</i> (Trumbull)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_and_the_Revolutionary_War_Door" title="George Washington and the Revolutionary War Door">George Washington and the Revolutionary War Door</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_War_Door" title="Revolutionary War Door">Revolutionary War Door</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_(1851_paintings)" title="Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 paintings)">Washington Crossing the Delaware</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Passage_of_the_Delaware" title="The Passage of the Delaware">The Passage of the Delaware</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/General_George_Washington_at_Trenton" title="General George Washington at Trenton">General George Washington at Trenton</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Washington_at_Verplanck%27s_Point" title="Washington at Verplanck's Point">Washington at Verplanck's Point</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/General_George_Washington_Resigning_His_Commission" title="General George Washington Resigning His Commission">General George Washington Resigning His Commission</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Lord_Cornwallis" title="Surrender of Lord Cornwallis">Surrender of Lord Cornwallis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athenaeum_Portrait" title="Athenaeum Portrait">Unfinished portrait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lansdowne_portrait" title="Lansdowne portrait">Lansdowne portrait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Family" title="The Washington Family">The Washington Family portrait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_at_Princeton" title="Washington at Princeton"><i>Washington at Princeton</i> paintings</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_George_Washington_Taking_the_Salute_at_Trenton" title="Portrait of George Washington Taking the Salute at Trenton">George Washington Taking the Salute at Trenton</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reception_to_Washington_on_April_21,_1789,_at_Trenton_on_his_way_to_New_York_to_Assume_the_Duties_of_the_Presidency_of_the_United_States" title="Reception to Washington on April 21, 1789, at Trenton on his way to New York to Assume the Duties of the Presidency of the United States">Reception at Trenton painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_statues_of_George_Washington" title="List of statues of George Washington">Statues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trenton_Battle_Monument" title="Trenton Battle Monument">Trenton Battle Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princeton_Battle_Monument" title="Princeton Battle Monument">Princeton Battle Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_of_View_(West)" title="Point of View (West)"><i>Point of View</i> sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_on_Horseback" title="George Washington on Horseback">George Washington on Horseback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Washington_(Austin,_Texas)" title="Statue of George Washington (Austin, Texas)">Austin statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(Bartholomew)" title="George Washington (Bartholomew)">Baltimore statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_George_Washington_(Boston)" title="Equestrian statue of George Washington (Boston)">Boston statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Washington_(Mexico_City)" class="mw-redirect" title="Statue of George Washington (Mexico City)">Mexico City statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_George_Washington_(Morristown,_New_Jersey)" title="Equestrian statue of George Washington (Morristown, New Jersey)">Morristown statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_George_Washington_(Newark)" title="Equestrian statue of George Washington (Newark)">Newark statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_George_Washington_(New_York_City)" title="Equestrian statue of George Washington (New York City)">New York City statue</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Washington_(Wall_Street)" title="Statue of George Washington (Wall Street)">Wall Street statue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_George_Washington_(Paris)" title="Equestrian statue of George Washington (Paris)">Paris statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Washington_(Perth_Amboy,_New_Jersey)" title="Statue of George Washington (Perth Amboy, New Jersey)">Perth Amboy statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(Bailly)" class="mw-redirect" title="George Washington (Bailly)">Philadelphia statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Washington_(Portland,_Oregon)" title="Statue of George Washington (Portland, Oregon)">Portland statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_George_Washington_(Washington_Circle)" title="Equestrian statue of George Washington (Washington Circle)">Washington, D.C. statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Monument_(West_Point)" title="Washington Monument (West Point)">West Point monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_University" title="George Washington University">George Washington University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis" title="Washington University in St. Louis">Washington University in St. Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Masonic_National_Memorial" title="George Washington Masonic National Memorial">Washington Masonic National Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Memorial_Parkway" title="George Washington Memorial Parkway">George Washington Memorial Parkway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Bridge" title="George Washington Bridge">George Washington Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_and_Jefferson_National_Forests" title="George Washington and Jefferson National Forests">Washington and Jefferson National Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Square_Park" title="Washington Square Park">Washington Square Park</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Square_Arch" title="Washington Square Arch">Arch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidents_of_the_United_States_on_U.S._postage_stamps" title="Presidents of the United States on U.S. postage stamps">U.S. Postage stamps</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington%E2%80%93Franklin_Issues" title="Washington–Franklin Issues">Washington–Franklin Issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Bicentennial_stamps_of_1932" title="Washington Bicentennial stamps of 1932">1932 bicentennial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States_on_currency#George_Washington" title="List of presidents of the United States on currency">Currency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington_quarter" title="Washington quarter">Washington quarter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/50_State_Quarters" class="mw-redirect" title="50 State Quarters">50 State Quarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_and_United_States_Territories_quarters" title="District of Columbia and United States Territories quarters">D.C. and territories quarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/America_the_Beautiful_quarters" title="America the Beautiful quarters">America the Beautiful quarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Women_quarters" title="American Women quarters">American Women quarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_Instructing_Youth" title="History Instructing Youth">History Instructing Youth dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_one-dollar_bill" title="United States one-dollar bill">Washington dollar</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lafayette dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/America_the_Beautiful_silver_bullion_coins" title="America the Beautiful silver bullion coins">Silver bullion coins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_nickel" title="Washington nickel">Washington nickel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_half_eagle" title="George Washington half eagle">Washington half eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_250th_Anniversary_half_dollar" title="George Washington 250th Anniversary half dollar">250th Anniversary half dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Rushmore_Anniversary_coins" title="Mount Rushmore Anniversary coins">Mount Rushmore Anniversary coins</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Washington" title="Mount Washington">Mount Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_George_Washington" title="Cultural depictions of George Washington">Cultural depictions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(miniseries)" title="George Washington (miniseries)"><i>George Washington</i> (1984 miniseries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_II:_The_Forging_of_a_Nation" title="George Washington II: The Forging of a Nation">1986 sequel)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_More_Perfect_Union_(film)" title="A More Perfect Union (film)"><i>A More Perfect Union</i> (1989 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Crossing_(2000_film)" title="The Crossing (2000 film)"><i>The Crossing</i> (2000 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_Fight_to_Be_Free" title="We Fight to Be Free"><i>We Fight to Be Free</i> (2006 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turn:_Washington%27s_Spies" title="Turn: Washington's Spies"><i>Turn: Washington's Spies</i> (2014–2017 series)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_War_that_Made_America" title="The War that Made America"><i>The War that Made America</i> (2006 miniseries)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_(miniseries)" title="Washington (miniseries)"><i>Washington</i> (2020 miniseries)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_(musical)" title="Hamilton (musical)"><i>Hamilton</i></a> (<a href="/wiki/Hamilton_(2020_film)" title="Hamilton (2020 film)">film</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_George_Washington" title="Bibliography of George Washington">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_George_Washington_articles" title="List of George Washington articles">List of articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Founders_Online" title="Founders Online">Founders Online</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Founding Fathers of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_the_United_States" title="Republicanism in the United States">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party" title="Federalist Party">Federalist Party</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Era" title="Federalist Era">Federalist Era</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_dynasty" title="Virginia dynasty">Virginia dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Washington_family" title="Coat of arms of the Washington family">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mason_Locke_Weems#The_cherry-tree_anecdote" title="Mason Locke Weems">Cherry-tree anecdote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Farm#Washington_at_River_Farm" title="River Farm">River Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington%27s_Crossing" title="Washington's Crossing">Washington's Crossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington%E2%80%93Rochambeau_Revolutionary_Route" title="Washington–Rochambeau Revolutionary Route">Washington–Rochambeau Revolutionary Route</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_House_(Barbados)" title="George Washington House (Barbados)">1751 Barbados trip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:George_Washington" title="Category:George Washington">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syng_inkstand" title="Syng inkstand">Syng inkstand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_of_the_Armies" title="General of the Armies">General of the Armies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conway_Cabal" title="Conway Cabal">Conway Cabal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Foxhound" title="American Foxhound">American Foxhound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_(American_Revolution)" title="Patriot (American Revolution)">patriots</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betsy_Ross_flag" title="Betsy Ross flag">Betsy Ross flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon_Ladies%27_Association" title="Mount Vernon Ladies' Association">Mount Vernon Ladies' Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon_Mansion_replicas" title="Mount Vernon Mansion replicas">Mount Vernon replicas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Memorial_Building" title="George Washington Memorial Building">George Washington Memorial Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attempted_theft_of_George_Washington%27s_skull" title="Attempted theft of George Washington's skull">Attempted theft of Washington's skull</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Washington_family" title="Washington family">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Washington" title="Martha Washington">Martha Washington</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Parke_Custis" title="John Parke Custis">John Parke Custis</a> (stepson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Parke_Custis" title="George Washington Parke Custis">George Washington Parke Custis</a> (step-grandson, adopted son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Parke_Custis_Lewis" title="Eleanor Parke Custis Lewis">Eleanor Parke Custis</a> (step-granddaughter, adopted daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_Washington" title="Augustine Washington">Augustine Washington</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Ball_Washington" title="Mary Ball Washington">Mary Ball Washington</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Washington_(1718%E2%80%931752)" title="Lawrence Washington (1718–1752)">Lawrence Washington</a> (half-brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_Washington_Jr." title="Augustine Washington Jr.">Augustine Washington Jr.</a> (half-brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Washington_Lewis" title="Elizabeth Washington Lewis">Elizabeth Washington Lewis</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Washington" title="Samuel Washington">Samuel Washington</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Augustine_Washington" title="John Augustine Washington">John A. Washington</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Washington" title="Charles Washington">Charles Washington</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Washington_(1659%E2%80%931698)" title="Lawrence Washington (1659–1698)">Lawrence Washington</a> (grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Gale" title="Mildred Gale">Mildred Gale</a> (grandmother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Washington" title="John Washington">John Washington</a> (great-grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Reade_(colonial_governor)" title="George Reade (colonial governor)">George Reade</a> (2nd great-grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushrod_Washington" title="Bushrod Washington">Bushrod Washington</a> (nephew)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Slavery</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_and_slavery" title="George Washington and slavery">Washington and slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_enslaved_people_of_Mount_Vernon" title="List of enslaved people of Mount Vernon">List of enslaved people of Mount Vernon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_(slave)" title="Betty (slave)">Betty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Branham" title="Caroline Branham">Caroline Branham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Costin" title="William Costin">William Costin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Ford" title="West Ford">West Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Johnson_(Mount_Vernon)" title="Sarah Johnson (Mount Vernon)">Sarah Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oney_Judge" class="mw-redirect" title="Oney Judge">Oney Judge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Lee_(valet)" title="Philip Lee (valet)">Philip Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lee_(valet)" title="William Lee (valet)">William Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hercules_Posey" title="Hercules Posey">Hercules Posey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Sheels" title="Christopher Sheels">Christopher Sheels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deborah_Squash" title="Deborah Squash">Deborah Squash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Washington" title="Harry Washington">Harry Washington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams →</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:George_Washington" title="Category:George Washington">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_George_Washington" title="Outline of George Washington">Outline</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="1900_Paris_Exposition" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1900_Paris_Exposition" title="Template:1900 Paris Exposition"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1900_Paris_Exposition" title="Template talk:1900 Paris Exposition"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1900_Paris_Exposition" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1900 Paris Exposition"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="1900_Paris_Exposition" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Exposition_Universelle_(1900)" title="Exposition Universelle (1900)">1900 Paris Exposition</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>Site</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Champ_de_Mars" title="Champ de Mars">Champ de Mars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trocad%C3%A9ro,_Paris" title="Trocadéro, Paris">Trocadéro</a>, esplanade des <a href="/wiki/Les_Invalides" title="Les Invalides">Invalides</a>, banks of the <a href="/wiki/Seine" title="Seine">Seine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bois_de_Vincennes" title="Bois de Vincennes">Bois de Vincennes</a>. <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pavilions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Palais" title="Grand Palais">Grand Palais</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Denmark section">DK</span>:</span> <i><a href="/wiki/A_Meeting_in_the_Royal_Danish_Academy_of_Sciences_and_Letters" title="A Meeting in the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters">A Meeting in the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters</a></i></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Spain section">ES</span>:</span> <i><a href="/wiki/Sad_Inheritance!" title="Sad Inheritance!">Sad Inheritance!</a></i></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Great Britain section">GB</span>:</span> <i><a href="/wiki/Spring_(painting)" title="Spring (painting)">Spring</a></i></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Serbia section">RS</span>:</span> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Proclamation_of_Du%C5%A1an%27s_Law_Codex" title="The Proclamation of Dušan's Law Codex">The Proclamation of Dušan's Law Codex</a></i> first version - <i><a href="/wiki/The_Takovo_Uprising" title="The Takovo Uprising">The Takovo Uprising</a></i></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Russia section">RU</span>:</span> <i><a href="/wiki/Out_into_the_World" title="Out into the World">Out into the World</a></i></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="United States section">US</span>:</span> <i><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Thomas_Cass" title="Statue of Thomas Cass">Colonel Thomas Cass</a></i> - <i><a href="/wiki/The_Great_God_Pan_(sculpture)" title="The Great God Pan (sculpture)">The Great God Pan</a></i> - <i><a href="/wiki/Symphony_in_White,_No._2:_The_Little_White_Girl" title="Symphony in White, No. 2: The Little White Girl">The Little White Girl</a></i> - <i><a href="/wiki/The_Medicine_Man_(Dallin)" title="The Medicine Man (Dallin)">The Medicine Man</a></i> - <i><a href="/wiki/Struggle_of_the_Two_Natures_in_Man" title="Struggle of the Two Natures in Man">Struggle of the Two Natures in Man</a></i></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="International section">INT</span>:</span> <i><a href="/wiki/Giovent%C3%B9" title="Gioventù">Melancolie</a></i></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Centennial Exhibition of French Art from 1800 to 1889">C.FR</span>:</span> <i><a href="/wiki/A_Cotton_Office_in_New_Orleans" title="A Cotton Office in New Orleans">A Cotton Office in New Orleans</a></i> - <i><a href="/wiki/Le_D%C3%A9jeuner_sur_l%27herbe" title="Le Déjeuner sur l'herbe">Le Déjeuner sur l'herbe</a></i> - <i><a href="/wiki/Greece_on_the_Ruins_of_Missolonghi" title="Greece on the Ruins of Missolonghi">Greece on the Ruins of Missolonghi</a></i> - <i><a href="/wiki/Haymaking_in_the_Auvergne" title="Haymaking in the Auvergne">Haymaking in the Auvergne</a></i> - <i><a href="/wiki/La_Loge" title="La Loge">La Loge</a></i> - <i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Alphonse_Leroy" title="Portrait of Alphonse Leroy">Portrait of Alphonse Leroy</a></i> - <i><a href="/wiki/The_Seine_at_Port-Marly,_Piles_of_Sand" title="The Seine at Port-Marly, Piles of Sand">The Seine at Port-Marly, Piles of Sand</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galerie_des_machines" title="Galerie des machines">Palace of Agriculture and Food</a></li> <li>Palace of Diverse Industries <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="United States section">US</span>:</span> The <a href="/wiki/Star_of_India_(gem)" title="Star of India (gem)">Star of India</a></li></ul></li> <li>Palace of Optics <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Great_Paris_Exhibition_Telescope_of_1900" title="Great Paris Exhibition Telescope of 1900">Great Telescope</a></li></ul></li> <li>Palace of Social Economy <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="United States section">US</span>:</span> <a href="/wiki/The_Exhibit_of_American_Negroes" title="The Exhibit of American Negroes">The Exhibit of American Negroes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petit_Palais" title="Petit Palais">Petit Palais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trocad%C3%A9ro_Palace" title="Trocadéro Palace">Trocadéro Palace</a></li> <li>Pavilion of Finland <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Defense_of_the_Sampo" title="The Defense of the Sampo">The Defense of the Sampo</a></i> fresco</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavilion_of_Spain_(1900)" title="Pavilion of Spain (1900)">Royal Pavilion of Spain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1900_Summer_Olympics" title="1900 Summer Olympics">1900 Summer Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_1900_chess_tournament" title="Paris 1900 chess tournament">Paris 1900 chess tournament</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Attractions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9orama" title="Cinéorama">Cinéorama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eiffel_Tower" title="Eiffel Tower">Eiffel Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globe_C%C3%A9leste" title="Globe Céleste">Globe Céleste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grande_Roue_de_Paris" title="Grande Roue de Paris">Grande Roue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mareorama" title="Mareorama">Mareorama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passerelle_Debilly" title="Passerelle Debilly">Passerelle Debilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont_Alexandre_III" title="Pont Alexandre III">Pont Alexandre III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_de_l%27Avenir" title="Rue de l'Avenir">Rue de l'Avenir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Urban development</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chemin_de_fer_de_Petite_Ceinture" title="Chemin de fer de Petite Ceinture">Chemin de fer de Petite Ceinture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gare_de_Lyon" title="Gare de Lyon">Gare de Lyon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Le_Train_Bleu_(restaurant)" title="Le Train Bleu (restaurant)">Le Train Bleu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gare_d%27Orsay" title="Gare d'Orsay">Gare d'Orsay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champ_de_Mars%E2%80%93Tour_Eiffel_station" title="Champ de Mars–Tour Eiffel station">Gare du Champ de Mars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javel_station" title="Javel station">Gare de Javel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_R%C3%A9gina" title="Hôtel Régina">Hôtel Régina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_M%C3%A9tro_Line_1" title="Paris Métro Line 1">Métro Line 1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paris_M%C3%A9tro_entrances_by_Hector_Guimard" title="Paris Métro entrances by Hector Guimard">entrances</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lafayette dollar</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paris_Exposition,_1900_(film_series)" title="Paris Exposition, 1900 (film series)">Paris Exposition, 1900</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Verset_la%C3%AFque_et_somptueux" title="Verset laïque et somptueux">Verset laïque et somptueux</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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