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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Article_aleatori" title="Carrega una pàgina a l’atzar [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Article a l'atzar</span></a></li><li id="n-Articles-de-qualitat" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Articles_de_qualitat"><span>Articles de qualitat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Comunitat" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Comunitat" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Comunitat </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Portal" title="Sobre el projecte, què podeu fer, on trobareu les coses"><span>Portal viquipedista</span></a></li><li id="n-Agenda-d'actes" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Trobades"><span>Agenda d'actes</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Canvis_recents" title="Una llista dels canvis recents al wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Canvis recents</span></a></li><li id="n-La-taverna" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:La_taverna"><span>La taverna</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Contacte"><span>Contacte</span></a></li><li id="n-Xat" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Canals_IRC"><span>Xat</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Ajuda" title="El lloc per a saber més coses"><span>Ajuda</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Portada" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Viquipèdia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ca.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.4375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="l'Enciclopèdia Lliure" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ca.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Cerca" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cerca a la Viquipèdia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Cerca</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Cerca a Viquipèdia" aria-label="Cerca a Viquipèdia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cerca a la Viquipèdia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Especial:Cerca"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cerca</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Eines personals"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aparença" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aparença</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ca.wikipedia.org&uselang=ca" class=""><span>Donatius</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crea_compte&returnto=Lleng%C3%BCes+zenetes" title="Us animem a crear un compte i iniciar una sessió, encara que no és obligatori" class=""><span>Crea un compte</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Registre_i_entrada&returnto=Lleng%C3%BCes+zenetes" title="Us animem a registrar-vos, però no és obligatori [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Inicia la sessió</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Més opcions" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eines personals" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eines personals</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menú d'usuari" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ca.wikipedia.org&uselang=ca"><span>Donatius</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crea_compte&returnto=Lleng%C3%BCes+zenetes" title="Us animem a crear un compte i iniciar una sessió, encara que no és obligatori"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Crea un compte</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Registre_i_entrada&returnto=Lleng%C3%BCes+zenetes" title="Us animem a registrar-vos, però no és obligatori [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Inicia la sessió</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pàgines per a editors no registrats <a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Introducci%C3%B3" aria-label="Vegeu més informació sobre l'edició"><span>més informació</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Contribucions_pr%C3%B2pies" title="Una llista de les modificacions fetes des d'aquesta adreça IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contribucions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Discussi%C3%B3_personal" title="Discussió sobre les edicions per aquesta adreça ip. [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussió per aquest IP</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contingut" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contingut</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inici</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Llengües" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Llengües"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Llengües</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Llengües-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Llengües</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Llengües-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kossmann_(2013)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kossmann_(2013)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Kossmann (2013)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kossmann_(2013)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Blench_&_Dendo_(2006)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Blench_&_Dendo_(2006)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Blench & Dendo (2006)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Blench_&_Dendo_(2006)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Característiques" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Característiques"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Característiques</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Característiques-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referències" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referències"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Referències</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referències-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enllaços_externs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enllaços_externs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Enllaços externs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enllaços_externs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contingut" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Llengües zenetes</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 14 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">14 llengües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luengas_zanatas" title="Luengas zanatas - aragonès" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Luengas zanatas" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%87%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="لهجات زناتية - àrab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لهجات زناتية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="àrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="لوغات زناتية - Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لوغات زناتية" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yezho%C3%B9_zenatiek" title="Yezhoù zenatiek - bretó" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Yezhoù zenatiek" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenati_languages" title="Zenati languages - anglès" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Zenati languages" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenguas_zenati" title="Lenguas zenati - espanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lenguas zenati" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langues_z%C3%A9n%C3%A8tes" title="Langues zénètes - francès" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Langues zénètes" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenatski_jezici" title="Zenatski jezici - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zenatski jezici" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Zenati" title="Asụsụ Zenati - igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Asụsụ Zenati" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenatitalen" title="Zenatitalen - neerlandès" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zenatitalen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Зенетские языки - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Зенетские языки" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenatski_jezici" title="Zenatski jezici - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Zenatski jezici" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutlayin_Tijanatin" title="Tutlayin Tijanatin - taixelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tutlayin Tijanatin" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="taixelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%BA" title="زناتی زبانیں - urdú" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="زناتی زبانیں" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdú" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2293952#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica enllaços interlingües" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica els enllaços</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espais de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_zenetes" title="Vegeu el contingut de la pàgina [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Pàgina</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussi%C3%B3:Lleng%C3%BCes_zenetes" rel="discussion" title="Discussió sobre el contingut d'aquesta pàgina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussió</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Canvia la variant de llengua" > <label 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href="/w/index.php?title=Lleng%C3%BCes_zenetes&action=edit" title="Modifica el codi font d'aquesta pàgina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lleng%C3%BCes_zenetes&action=history" title="Versions antigues d'aquesta pàgina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Mostra l'historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eines" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eines</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Eines</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Més opcions" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Accions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_zenetes"><span>Mostra</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lleng%C3%BCes_zenetes&action=edit" title="Modifica el codi font d'aquesta pàgina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lleng%C3%BCes_zenetes&action=history"><span>Mostra l'historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Enlla%C3%A7os/Lleng%C3%BCes_zenetes" title="Una llista de totes les pàgines wiki que enllacen amb aquesta [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Què hi enllaça</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Seguiment/Lleng%C3%BCes_zenetes" rel="nofollow" title="Canvis recents a pàgines enllaçades des d'aquesta pàgina [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Canvis relacionats</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A0gines_especials" title="Llista totes les pàgines especials [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pàgines especials</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lleng%C3%BCes_zenetes&oldid=33408702" title="Enllaç permanent a aquesta revisió de la pàgina"><span>Enllaç permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Llibre&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Lleng%C3%BCes+zenetes"><span>Crea un llibre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Lleng%C3%BCes_zenetes&action=show-download-screen"><span>Baixa com a PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lleng%C3%BCes_zenetes&printable=yes" title="Versió per a impressió d'aquesta pàgina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versió per a impressora</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> En altres projectes </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2293952" title="Enllaç a l'element del repositori de dades connectat [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element a Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aparença</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">amaga</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ca" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="font-size:90%;width:25em"><caption style="font-weight:bold;background:Moccasin; font-size:120%;"><span style="float:left; margin-left: 3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Infotaula de família lingüística"><img alt="Infotaula de família lingüística" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Octicons-comment.svg/20px-Octicons-comment.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Octicons-comment.svg/30px-Octicons-comment.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Octicons-comment.svg/40px-Octicons-comment.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="896" data-file-height="1024" /></span></span></span>Llengües zenetes</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">Tipus</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fam%C3%ADlia_ling%C3%BC%C3%ADstica" title="Família lingüística">família lingüística</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2293952?uselang=ca#P31" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">Distribució geogràfica</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Marroc"><img alt="Marroc" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/46px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Marroc" title="Marroc">Marroc</a>, <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Algèria"><img alt="Algèria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Alg%C3%A8ria" title="Algèria">Algèria</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">Nadius</th><td class="infobox-data">7.247.800 <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2293952?uselang=ca#P1098" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">Parlat a</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Marroc" title="Marroc">Marroc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alg%C3%A8ria" title="Algèria">Algèria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tun%C3%ADsia" title="Tunísia">Tunísia</a> i <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADbia" title="Líbia">Líbia</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2293952?uselang=ca#P17" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background:Moccasin">Classificació lingüística</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q20162172" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q20162172">llengua humana</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_afroasi%C3%A0tiques" title="Llengües afroasiàtiques">llengües afroasiàtiques</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Amazic" title="Amazic">amazic</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_amazigues_septentrionals" title="Llengües amazigues septentrionals">llengües amazigues septentrionals</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2293952?uselang=ca#P279" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background:Moccasin">Subdivisions</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><div></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Rifeny" title="Rifeny">Rifeny</a></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Amazic_de_l%27Atles_Mitj%C3%A0_Oriental" title="Amazic de l'Atles Mitjà Oriental">Amazic de l'Atles Mitjà Oriental</a></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Zenete_d%27Alg%C3%A8ria_occidental" title="Zenete d'Algèria occidental">Zenete d'Algèria occidental</a></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_Mzab-Wargla" title="Llengües Mzab-Wargla">Llengües Mzab-Wargla</a></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Shawiya" title="Shawiya">Shawiya</a></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_zenetes_orientals" title="Llengües zenetes orientals">Llengües zenetes orientals</a></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background:Moccasin">Distribució geogràfica</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Berber-map-2e.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Berber-map-2e.png/300px-Berber-map-2e.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Berber-map-2e.png/450px-Berber-map-2e.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Berber-map-2e.png/600px-Berber-map-2e.png 2x" data-file-width="770" data-file-height="378" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:90%;"> </span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background:Moccasin">Codis</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;background:#eeeeee">Codi Glottolog</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/zena1250">zena1250</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2293952?uselang=ca#P1394" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Les <b>llengües zenetes</b> són una branca de les <a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_amazigues_septentrionals" title="Llengües amazigues septentrionals">llengües amazigues septentrionals</a> parlades a <a href="/wiki/%C3%80frica_del_Nord" title="Àfrica del Nord">Àfrica del Nord</a>. El nom deriva de la confederació tribal medieval amaziga dels <a href="/wiki/Zenetes" title="Zenetes">zenetes</a>. Aquest nom fou proposar per primer cop en els treballs del lingüista francès <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmond_Destaing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edmond Destaing (encara no existeix)">Edmond Destaing</a> (1915)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (1920–23).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Els dialectes zenetes es distribueixen al llarg del <a href="/wiki/Magrib" title="Magrib">Magrib</a> central, des del nord-est del <a href="/wiki/Marroc" title="Marroc">Marroc</a> fins a l'oest d'<a href="/wiki/Alger" title="Alger">Alger</a>, i al nord del <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A0hara" title="Sàhara">Sàhara</a>, des del sud-oest d'<a href="/wiki/Alg%C3%A8ria" title="Algèria">Algèria</a> al voltant de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bechar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bechar (encara no existeix)">Bechar</a> fins <a href="/wiki/Zuwara" title="Zuwara">Zuwara</a> a <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADbia" title="Líbia">Líbia</a>. En gran part d'aquest rang, es limiten a bosses discontínues en zones de predominància lingüística <a href="/wiki/%C3%80rab" title="Àrab">àrab</a>. Les llengües zenetes més parlades són el <a href="/wiki/Rifeny" title="Rifeny">rifeny</a> al nord-est del Marroc i el <a href="/wiki/Shawiya" title="Shawiya">shawiya</a> a l'est d'Algèria, cadascun d'ells amb més d'un milió de parlants. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Llengües"><span id="Lleng.C3.BCes"></span>Llengües</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lleng%C3%BCes_zenetes&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la secció: Llengües"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Riffian-speaking_areas.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Riffian-speaking_areas.png/220px-Riffian-speaking_areas.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Riffian-speaking_areas.png/330px-Riffian-speaking_areas.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Riffian-speaking_areas.png/440px-Riffian-speaking_areas.png 2x" data-file-width="686" data-file-height="504" /></a><figcaption>Àrea de les parles rifenyes</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Eastern_Middle_Atlas_Berber.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Eastern_Middle_Atlas_Berber.PNG/220px-Eastern_Middle_Atlas_Berber.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Eastern_Middle_Atlas_Berber.PNG/330px-Eastern_Middle_Atlas_Berber.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Eastern_Middle_Atlas_Berber.PNG/440px-Eastern_Middle_Atlas_Berber.PNG 2x" data-file-width="686" data-file-height="662" /></a><figcaption>Àrees de l'amazic de l'Atles Mitjà Oriental</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Berb%C3%A8res_en_Alg%C3%A9rie_occidentale.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Berb%C3%A8res_en_Alg%C3%A9rie_occidentale.svg/220px-Berb%C3%A8res_en_Alg%C3%A9rie_occidentale.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Berb%C3%A8res_en_Alg%C3%A9rie_occidentale.svg/330px-Berb%C3%A8res_en_Alg%C3%A9rie_occidentale.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Berb%C3%A8res_en_Alg%C3%A9rie_occidentale.svg/440px-Berb%C3%A8res_en_Alg%C3%A9rie_occidentale.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="780" data-file-height="425" /></a><figcaption>Parlars del nord-oest d'Algèria</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Shawiya_dialects.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Shawiya_dialects.PNG/220px-Shawiya_dialects.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Shawiya_dialects.PNG/330px-Shawiya_dialects.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Shawiya_dialects.PNG/440px-Shawiya_dialects.PNG 2x" data-file-width="872" data-file-height="758" /></a><figcaption>Parlars shawiya</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Map_of_Northern_Saharan_Berber_dialects.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Map_of_Northern_Saharan_Berber_dialects.PNG/220px-Map_of_Northern_Saharan_Berber_dialects.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Map_of_Northern_Saharan_Berber_dialects.PNG/330px-Map_of_Northern_Saharan_Berber_dialects.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Map_of_Northern_Saharan_Berber_dialects.PNG/440px-Map_of_Northern_Saharan_Berber_dialects.PNG 2x" data-file-width="607" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Parlars nord-saharians</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Tunisia-Zuwara_Berber_Map.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Tunisia-Zuwara_Berber_Map.PNG/220px-Tunisia-Zuwara_Berber_Map.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Tunisia-Zuwara_Berber_Map.PNG/330px-Tunisia-Zuwara_Berber_Map.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Tunisia-Zuwara_Berber_Map.PNG/440px-Tunisia-Zuwara_Berber_Map.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1314" data-file-height="996" /></a><figcaption>Parlars zenetes orientals</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kossmann_(2013)"><span id="Kossmann_.282013.29"></span>Kossmann (2013)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lleng%C3%BCes_zenetes&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la secció: Kossmann (2013)"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Segons Kossmann (2013: 21–24),<sup id="cite_ref-Kossmann2013_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kossmann2013-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> el zenete és una agrupació bastant arbitrària, en el qual inclou les següents varietats: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rifeny" title="Rifeny">Rifeny</a> (nom local: <i>Tmaziɣt</i>, nord-est del <a href="/wiki/Marroc" title="Marroc">Marroc</a>); gran diversitat dialectal amb poca dificultat d'intel·ligibilitat mútua entre els dialectes occidentals. Inclou el dialecte d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Amazic_d%27Arzew&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amazic d'Arzew (encara no existeix)">arzew</a> a <a href="/wiki/Arzew" title="Arzew">Arzew</a> a l'oest d'Algèria (? Extint)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iznasen" title="Iznasen">Beni Iznasen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazic_de_l%27Atles_Mitj%C3%A0_Oriental" title="Amazic de l'Atles Mitjà Oriental">Atles Mitjà Oriental</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ait_Seghroucheni" title="Ait Seghroucheni">Ait Seghroucheni</a> i un grup dialectes inclòs l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ait_Waraini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ait Waraini (encara no existeix)">Ait Warain (Ayt Warayn)</a> (Marroc centre-nord)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenete_d%27Alg%C3%A8ria_occidental" title="Zenete d'Algèria occidental">Zenete d'Algèria occidental</a>, a l'oest d'<a href="/wiki/Alger" title="Alger">Alger</a> (un grup difús): <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beni_Snous" title="Beni Snous">Beni Snous</a> (Tlemcen), a Algèria occidental vora la frontera.</li> <li>Jebel Bissa (intel·ligible amb shenwa)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenwa" title="Shenwa">Shenwa</a> (Chenoua), entre <a href="/wiki/Tipasa" title="Tipasa">Tipasa</a> i <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9n%C3%A8s" title="Ténès">Ténès</a> al centre-nord d'Algèria a l'oest d'<a href="/wiki/Alger" title="Alger">Alger</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beni_Messaoud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beni Messaoud (encara no existeix)">Beni Messaoud</a> (Shenwa?)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beni_Menacer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beni Menacer (encara no existeix)">Beni Menacer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metmata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metmata (encara no existeix)">Metmata</a> (d'Algèria; distint del <a href="/wiki/Matmata" title="Matmata">Matmata</a> de Tunísia)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawiya" title="Shawiya">Shawiya</a> (Chaouia), al voltant de <a href="/wiki/Batna_(ciutat_d%27Alg%C3%A8ria)" title="Batna (ciutat d'Algèria)">Batna</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Khenchela&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khenchela (encara no existeix)">Khenchela</a>, al sud de <a href="/wiki/Constantina_(Alg%C3%A8ria)" title="Constantina (Algèria)">Constantina</a> al nord-est d'Algèria</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_Mzab-Wargla" title="Llengües Mzab-Wargla">Mzab–Wargla</a> (oasis del Sàhara septentrional): <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chelj_del_sud_oran%C3%A8s_i_de_Figuig" class="mw-redirect" title="Chelj del sud oranès i de Figuig">Sud oranès i Figuig</a>, als <i><a href="/wiki/Ksar_(poble)" title="Ksar (poble)">ksours</a></i> al llarg de la <a href="/wiki/Frontera_entre_Alg%C3%A8ria_i_el_Marroc" title="Frontera entre Algèria i el Marroc">frontera entre Algèria i el Marroc</a> i a <a href="/wiki/Figuig" title="Figuig">Figuig</a> al sud-est del Marroc</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurara" title="Gurara">Gurara</a> (Taznatit) (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Gourara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gourara (encara no existeix)">Gourara</a>, al sud-oest d'Algèria, al voltant de <a href="/wiki/Timimoun" title="Timimoun">Timimoun</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tidikelt" title="Tidikelt">Tidikelt</a> i <a href="/wiki/Twat" class="mw-redirect" title="Twat">Twat</a> (<a href="/wiki/Touat" title="Touat">Touat</a>, Algèria)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozabit" title="Mozabit">Mozabit</a> o <i>Mzab, Tumzabt</i> (nord del Sàhara Algerià, vora <a href="/wiki/Ghardaia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghardaia">Ghardaia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wargli" title="Wargli">Wargli</a> (Ouargli o <i>Tagergrent, Teggargarent</i>), nord del Sàhara Algerià, vora <a href="/wiki/Ouargla" title="Ouargla">Ouargla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tugurt" title="Tugurt">Oued Righ</a> (incl. Touggourt; <a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a> "Temacine Tamazight") a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oued_Righ&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oued Righ (encara no existeix)">Oued Righ</a>, al voltant de <a href="/wiki/Touggourt" class="mw-redirect" title="Touggourt">Touggourt</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Temacine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Temacine (encara no existeix)">Temacine</a>, Algèria</li></ul></li> <li>Tunísia i Líbia sud-oriental: <a href="/wiki/Gerbi" title="Gerbi">Gerbi</a> (illa de <a href="/wiki/Gerba" title="Gerba">gerba</a>), <a href="/wiki/Matmata_(llengua)" title="Matmata (llengua)">matmata</a> (<a href="/wiki/Matmata" title="Matmata">Matmata</a>), <a href="/wiki/Sened_(llengua)" title="Sened (llengua)">sened</a> i <a href="/wiki/Zuwara" title="Zuwara">zuwara</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zuwarah" title="Zuwarah">Zuwarah</a> al nord-oest de <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADbia" title="Líbia">Líbia</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Blench_&_Dendo_(2006)"><span id="Blench_.26_Dendo_.282006.29"></span>Blench & Dendo (2006)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lleng%C3%BCes_zenetes&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la secció: Blench & Dendo (2006)"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_Blench&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roger Blench (encara no existeix)">Blench</a> & Dendo (ms, 2006) consideren que el semete consisteix només en tres llengües diferenciades, de les que els altres (en parèntesi) són dialectes:<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_rifenyes" title="Llengües rifenyes">Grup del Rif</a> (Shawiya, Tidikelt, Tuat, Tariifit/Riff, Ghmara, Tlemcen, Sheliff Basin)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_Mzab-Wargla" title="Llengües Mzab-Wargla">Mzab–Wargla</a> (Gurara, Mzab, Wargla, Ghardaia, Tugurt, Seghrušen, Figuig, Senhaja, Iznacen)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_zenetes_orientals" title="Llengües zenetes orientals">Zenete oriental</a> (Tmagurt, Sened, Jerba, Tamezret, Taujjut, Nefusi, Zrawa)</li></ul> <p>Shenwa i zuwara no hi apareixen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Característiques"><span id="Caracter.C3.ADstiques"></span>Característiques</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lleng%C3%BCes_zenetes&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la secció: Característiques"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Segons Kossmann (1999:31-32, 86, 172),<sup id="cite_ref-Kossmann_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kossmann-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> les innovacions comunes que defineixen les llengües zenetes són: </p> <ul><li>La vocal <i>a-</i> en prefixos nominals es cau en nombroses paraules quan precedeix CV, quan C és una sola consonant i V és una vocal completa (no <a href="/wiki/Schwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Schwa">schwa</a>). Per exemple, <i>afus</i> "mà" és substituïda per <i>fus</i>. (Un desenvolupament similar es troba en alguns <a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_amazigues_orientals" title="Llengües amazigues orientals">llengües amazigues orientals</a>, però no en <a href="/wiki/Nafusi" title="Nafusi">nafusi</a>).</li> <li>Verbs la forma original d'aorist dels quals acaba en <i>-u</i> mentre que llur formes en perfet acaben en <i>-a</i> acaben en <i>-a</i> també en aorist, deixant aquests verbs sense marcar la diferència entre aorist i perfet. Per exemple, * <i>ktu</i> "oblidar", Siwi <i>ttu</i>, esdevé Ouargli <i>tta</i>. (Això també afecta el <a href="/wiki/Nafusi" title="Nafusi">nafusi</a>.)</li> <li>El verbs consisteixen (en aorist) en dues consonants sense cap vocal diferent de schwa dividida en dues classes en amazic:<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> una on apareix una vocal variable final en forma perfet i una que continua sense tenir una vocal final al perfet. En zenete, aquesta última classe ha estat completament fusionat amb l'antiga al perfecte, amb l'única excepció del perfet negatiu de * <i>əɣ s</i> "voler". Per exemple, <a href="/wiki/Cabil" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabil">cabil</a> (no zenete) <i>gər</i> "llençar", pf. <i>-gər</i> (int. <i>-ggar</i>), correspon al Ouargli (Zenete) <i>gər</i>, pf. <i>-gru</i>. (Aquest canvi també afecta el <a href="/wiki/Nafusi" title="Nafusi">nafusi</a>; Basset (1929:9) dona exemples on sembla no passar en chenoua.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protoberber" title="Protoberber">Protoberber</a> * <i>-əβ</i> esdevé <i>-i</i> en zenete.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Per exemple, * <i>arəβ</i> "escriure" esdevé <i>ari</i>. (Aquest canvi també passa en varietats incloses en el dialecte <a href="/w/index.php?title=Izayan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Izayan (encara no existeix)">izayan</a> del <a href="/wiki/Tamazight_del_Marroc_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamazight del Marroc Central">Tamazight del Marroc Central</a>, bafusi, i <a href="/wiki/Siwi" title="Siwi">siwi</a>.)</li> <li>En protoberber les <i>k´</i> i <i>g´</i> palatalitzades, corresponents a <i>k</i> i <i>g</i> en varietats no zenetes, desdevé <i>š</i> i <i>ž</i> en zenete (encara que s'hi haa trobat un bon nombre de correspondències.) Per exemple, <i>k´ăm</i> "tu (f. sg.)" esdevé <i>šəm</i>. (Aquest canvi també afecta a nafusi i siwi.)</li></ul> <p>A més de la correspondència de <i>k</i> i <i>g</i> a <i>š</i> i <i>ž</i>, Chaker (1972),<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> alhora que expressa la incertesa sobre la coherència lingüística del zenete, nota com a trets compartits zenete: </p> <ul><li>Un sufix demostratiu proximal "aquest" <i>-u</i>, en lloc de <i>-a </i></li> <li>Una <i>-o</i> final al perfet dels verbs de dos consonants, en lloc d' <i>-a</i> (per exemple, <i>yə-nsu </i> "dormia" en lloc de <i>yə-nsa</i> en altres varietats)</li></ul> <p>Aquestes característiques identifiquen un subconjunt més restringit d'amazic que les anteriorment esmentats varietats del Sàhara, principalment del nord; que exclouen, per exemple, shawiya<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i tots llevat els dialectes més orientals del <a href="/wiki/Rifeny" title="Rifeny">rifeny</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referències"><span id="Refer.C3.A8ncies"></span>Referències</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lleng%C3%BCes_zenetes&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la secció: Referències"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist {{#if: | references-column-count references-column-count-{{{col}}}" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmond_Destaing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edmond Destaing (encara no existeix)">Edmond Destaing</a>, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aravr.org/telechargements/ESSAI_DE_CLASSIFICATION_des_dialectes_berbere_au_Maroc.pdf">Essai de classification des dialectes berbères du Maroc</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110904063033/http://www.aravr.org/telechargements/ESSAI_DE_CLASSIFICATION_des_dialectes_berbere_au_Maroc.pdf">Arxivat</a> 4-9-2011 a <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.", <i>Etudes et Documents Berbères</i> 19-20, 2001-2002 (1915)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Edmond Destaing, "Note sur la conjugaison des verbes de forme C1eC2", <i>Mémoires de la Société Linguistique de Paris</i>, 22 (1920/3), pp. 139-148</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kossmann2013-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Kossmann2013_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Maarten Kossmann (2013) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=Se-BAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA23#v=snippet&q=%22eastern%20Riffian%22&f=false">The Arabic Influence on Northern Berber</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rogerblench.info/Language/Afroasiatic/General/AALIST.pdf">AA list</a>, Blench & Dendo, ms, 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kossmann-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Kossmann_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Maarten Kossmann, <i>Essai sur la phonologie du proto-berbère</i>, Rüdiger Köppe:Köln</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Maarten Kossmann, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/1887/4157/1/1267577_042.pdf">Note sur la conjugaison des verbes CC à voyelle alternante en berbère</a>", Etudes et Documents Berbères 12, 1994, pp. 17-33</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">André Basset, <i>La langue berbère. Morphologie. Le verbe.-Étude de thèmes</i>. Paris 1929, pp. 9, 58</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Vegeu també Maarten Kossmann, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/1887/4153/1/1267577_036.pdf">Les verbes à i finale en zénète</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110718173608/https://www.openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/1887/4153/1/1267577_036.pdf">Arxivat</a> 18 July 2011<span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"><sup>[Date mismatch]</sup></span> a <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.", Etudes et Documents Berbères 13, 1995, pp. 99-104.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Salem_Chaker" title="Salem Chaker">Salem Chaker</a>, 1972, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/remmm_0035-1474_1972_num_11_1_1152">La langue berbère au Sahara</a>", <i>Revue de l'Occident musulman et de la Méditerranée</i> 11:11, pp. 163-167</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"># Penchoen, Th.G., 1973, <i>Etude syntaxique d'un parler berbère (Ait Frah de l'Aurès)</i>, Napoli, Istituto Universitario Orientale (= Studi magrebini V). p. 14</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lafkioui, Mena. 2007. <i>Atlas linguistique des variétés berbères du Rif</i>. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe. pp. 207, 178.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enllaços_externs"><span id="Enlla.C3.A7os_externs"></span>Enllaços externs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lleng%C3%BCes_zenetes&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la secció: Enllaços externs"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33711417">.mw-parser-output .languageicon{font-size:0.95em;color:#555;background-color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .languageicon{background-color:inherit;color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .languageicon{background-color:inherit;color:white}}</style><span class="languageicon" title="En francès">(francès)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/remmm_0035-1474_1972_num_11_1_1152">Les parlers Zénètes</a>, de S. Chaker</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r33711417"><span class="languageicon" title="En anglès">(anglès)</span> <span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webcitation.org/67gobaQ5f">Ethnologue: Languages of the World</a>». Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/show_map.asp?name=TN&seq=10">original</a> el 2012-05-16.</span></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Llengües_amazigues" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plantilla:Amazic" title="Plantilla:Amazic"><img alt="Vegeu aquesta plantilla" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/18px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/27px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/36px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></li></ul></div><div id="Llengües_amazigues" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Amazic" title="Amazic">Llengües amazigues</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Amazic" title="Amazic">Llengües</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;width:6.25em; font-weight:normal;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_hist%C3%B2riques" title="Llengües històriques">Històriques</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protoberber" title="Protoberber">Protoberber</a><sup>†,R</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numidi" title="Numidi">Libi antic</a><sup>†</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;width:6.25em; font-weight:normal;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Guanxe</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guanxe" title="Guanxe">Guanxe</a><sup>†</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;width:6.25em; font-weight:normal;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_amazigues_orientals" title="Llengües amazigues orientals">Oriental</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awjila" title="Awjila">Awjila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sokna" title="Sokna">Sokna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghadam%C3%A8s" title="Ghadamès">Ghadamès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaghbub" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaghbub">Jaghbub</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zurg" title="Zurg">Zurg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nafusi" title="Nafusi">Nafusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siwi" title="Siwi">Siwi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;width:6.25em; font-weight:normal;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_amazigues_septentrionals" title="Llengües amazigues septentrionals">Septentrional</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;width:6.25em; font-weight:normal;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Zenetes</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazic_de_l%27Atles_Mitj%C3%A0_Oriental" title="Amazic de l'Atles Mitjà Oriental">Atles Mitjà Oriental</a><sup>TA</sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ait_Seghroucheni" title="Ait Seghroucheni">Ait Seghroucheni</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ait_Waraini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ait Waraini (encara no existeix)">Ait Waraini</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_Mzab-Wargla" title="Llengües Mzab-Wargla">Sàhara Septentrional</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gurara" title="Gurara">Gurara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozabit" title="Mozabit">Mozabit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chelja_del_sud_oran%C3%A8s_i_de_Figuig" title="Chelja del sud oranès i de Figuig">Sud oranès i Figuig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tidikelt" title="Tidikelt">Tidikelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuwat" title="Tuwat">Tuwat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tugurt" title="Tugurt">Wad Righ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wargli" title="Wargli">Wargla</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifeny" title="Rifeny">Rifeny</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rifeny_central&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rifeny central (encara no existeix)">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenete_de_l%27Oriental_marroqu%C3%AD" title="Zenete de l'Oriental marroquí">Oriental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iznasen" title="Iznasen">Iznasen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beni_Snous" title="Beni Snous">Snouss</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rifeny_occidental&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rifeny occidental (encara no existeix)">Occidental</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawiya" title="Shawiya">Shawiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_zenetes_orientals" title="Llengües zenetes orientals">Tunisià-Zuwara</a><sup>TE</sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gerbi" title="Gerbi">Gerbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matmata_(llengua)" title="Matmata (llengua)">Matmata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sened_(llengua)" title="Sened (llengua)">Sened</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tataouine_(llengua)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tataouine (llengua) (encara no existeix)">Tataouine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuwara" title="Zuwara">Zuwara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenete_d%27Alg%C3%A8ria_occidental" title="Zenete d'Algèria occidental">Algèria occidental</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gouraya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gouraya (encara no existeix)">Gouraya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelif" title="Shelif">Shelif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenwa" title="Shenwa">Shenwa</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;width:6.25em; font-weight:normal;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">No Zenetes</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_amazigues_de_l%27Atles" title="Llengües amazigues de l'Atles">Atles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tamazic" title="Tamazic">Tamazic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisan_al-Gharbi" title="Lisan al-Gharbi">Gharb</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghomara" title="Ghomara">Ghomara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeoamazic" title="Judeoamazic">Judeoamazic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanhaji_de_Srayr" title="Sanhaji de Srayr">Sanhaji de Srayr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taixelhit" title="Taixelhit">Taixelhit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabilenc" title="Cabilenc">Cabilenc</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;width:6.25em; font-weight:normal;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Llengua_est%C3%A0ndard" title="Llengua estàndard">Estàndard</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazic_est%C3%A0ndard_marroqu%C3%AD" title="Amazic estàndard marroquí">Amazic marroquí</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;width:6.25em; font-weight:normal;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_tuareg" title="Llengües tuareg">Tuareg</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tamahaq" title="Tamahaq">Tamahaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamashek" title="Tamashek">Tamashek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawellemmet" title="Tawellemmet">Tawellemmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Tamajeq" title="Air Tamajeq">Tayart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;width:6.25em; font-weight:normal;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Lleng%C3%BCes_amazigues_occidentals" title="Llengües amazigues occidentals">Sud-occidental</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tetserret" title="Tetserret">Tetserret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenaga" title="Zenaga">Zenaga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ortografia_amaziga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ortografia amaziga (encara no existeix)">Ortografia</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tifinagh" class="mw-redirect" title="Tifinagh">Tifinagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfabet_amazic_ar%C3%A0bic" title="Alfabet amazic aràbic">Alfabet amazic aràbic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeoamazic" title="Judeoamazic">Alfabet judeoamazic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfabet_amazic_llat%C3%AD" title="Alfabet amazic llatí">Alfabet amazic llatí</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institucions</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;width:6.25em; font-weight:normal;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Governmental</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Institut_Reial_de_la_Cultura_Amaziga" title="Institut Reial de la Cultura Amaziga">IRCAM (Marroc)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direcci%C3%B3_Nacional_de_l%E2%80%99Alfabetitzaci%C3%B3_Funcional_i_de_la_Ling%C3%BC%C3%ADstica_Aplicada" title="Direcció Nacional de l’Alfabetització Funcional i de la Lingüística Aplicada">DNAFLA (Mali)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alt_Comissariat_de_l%E2%80%99Amaziguitat" class="mw-redirect" title="Alt Comissariat de l’Amaziguitat">HCA (Algèria)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_de_Recerca_Berber" title="Centre de Recerca Berber">CRB (França)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;width:6.25em; font-weight:normal;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">NGOs</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A8mia_Berber" title="Acadèmia Berber">Acadèmia Berber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congr%C3%A9s_Mundial_Amazic" title="Congrés Mundial Amazic">Congrés Mundial Amazic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>TE</sup> Transicional a Oriental <b>·</b> <sup>TA</sup> Transicional a Atles <b>·</b> <sup>†</sup> <a href="/wiki/Llengua_morta" title="Llengua morta">morta</a> <b>·</b> <sup>R</sup> <a href="/wiki/Reconstrucci%C3%B3_ling%C3%BC%C3%ADstica" title="Reconstrucció lingüística">Reconstruïda</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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