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</div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Berry, France</span></h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected mw-list-item"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Berry,_France" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.main">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab mw-list-item"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:Berry,_France" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Berry%2C+France%22">"Berry, France"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Berry%2C+France%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Berry%2C+France%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Berry%2C+France%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Berry%2C+France%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Berry%2C+France%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1048730501">.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv td,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-native{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-flagarms,.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-flagarms td{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-flagarms table{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-flagarms tbody tr:first-child td{width:50%;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-former-subdiv-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}</style><p>The <b>Duchy of Berry</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[beʁi]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/c\/c7\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Exilexi-Berry.wav\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Exilexi-Berry.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"LL-Q150 (fra)-Exilexi-Berry.wav"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c7/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Exilexi-Berry.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Exilexi-Berry.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:LL-Q150_(fra)-Exilexi-Berry.wav" title="File:LL-Q150 (fra)-Exilexi-Berry.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span>; <a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a>: <i lang="oc">Barric</i>; <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Bituria</i>) was a former province located in central France. It was a <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_France" title="Provinces of France">province of France</a> until <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">departments</a> replaced the provinces on 4 March 1790, when Berry became divided between the <i>départements</i> of <a href="/wiki/Cher_(department)" title="Cher (department)">Cher</a> (Upper Berry) and <a href="/wiki/Indre" title="Indre">Indre</a> (Lower Berry). </p><table class="infobox ib-former-subdiv vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org">Duchy of Berry<div class="ib-former-subdiv-native nickname">Duché de Berri</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader category">1101–1791</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Berry.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Berry"><img alt="Flag of Berry" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Berry.svg/125px-Flag_of_Berry.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Berry.svg/188px-Flag_of_Berry.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Berry.svg/250px-Flag_of_Berry.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="450"></a></span></div> <div>Province flag</div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_Charles_de_Berry.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Berry"><img alt="Coat of arms of Berry" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Arms_of_Charles_de_Berry.svg/85px-Arms_of_Charles_de_Berry.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Arms_of_Charles_de_Berry.svg/128px-Arms_of_Charles_de_Berry.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Arms_of_Charles_de_Berry.svg/170px-Arms_of_Charles_de_Berry.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="478"></a></span></div> <div>Coat of arms</div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Berry_in_France_(1789).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Berry_in_France_%281789%29.svg/220px-Berry_in_France_%281789%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Berry_in_France_%281789%29.svg/330px-Berry_in_France_%281789%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Berry_in_France_%281789%29.svg/440px-Berry_in_France_%281789%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1922"></a></span><br>Map of Berry in 1789</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bourges" title="Bourges">Bourges</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Government</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"> • Type</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Historical_Provinces_of_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Historical Provinces of France (page does not exist)">Province</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Franks" class="mw-redirect" title="King of the Franks">King of the Franks</a> / <a href="/wiki/King_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="King of France">King of France</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1101–1108 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Philip_I_of_France" title="Philip I of France">Philip I</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1774–1790 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI" title="Louis XVI">Louis XVI</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Governor of Berry</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1466–1482 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_III_de_Vend%C3%B4me&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean III de Vendôme (page does not exist)">Jean III de Vendôme</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1760–1789 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Fran%C3%A7ois_Joseph,_Prince_of_Conti" title="Louis François Joseph, Prince of Conti">Louis Joseph de Bourbon</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Historical era</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Early_Modern_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Modern France">Early Modern</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Established </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1101</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Provinces dissolved </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1791</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2"></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=County_of_Berry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="County of Berry (page does not exist)">County of Berry</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2"></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=County_of_Bourges&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="County of Bourges (page does not exist)">County of Bourges</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Cher_(department)" title="Cher (department)">Cher</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Blason_d%C3%A9partement_fr_Cher.svg/20px-Blason_d%C3%A9partement_fr_Cher.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Blason_d%C3%A9partement_fr_Cher.svg/30px-Blason_d%C3%A9partement_fr_Cher.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Blason_d%C3%A9partement_fr_Cher.svg/40px-Blason_d%C3%A9partement_fr_Cher.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660"></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Indre" title="Indre">Indre</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Blason_d%C3%A9partement_fr_Indre.svg/20px-Blason_d%C3%A9partement_fr_Indre.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Blason_d%C3%A9partement_fr_Indre.svg/30px-Blason_d%C3%A9partement_fr_Indre.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Blason_d%C3%A9partement_fr_Indre.svg/40px-Blason_d%C3%A9partement_fr_Indre.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660"></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Today part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Governors"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Governors</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Duke_of_Berry"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Duke of Berry</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Etymology"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Etymology</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Brenne"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Brenne</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Citations"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Citations</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#General_and_cited_sources"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">General and cited sources</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Berry,_France&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carte_du_Berry.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Carte_du_Berry.svg/300px-Carte_du_Berry.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="275" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1826" data-file-height="1674"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 300px;height: 275px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Carte_du_Berry.svg/300px-Carte_du_Berry.svg.png" data-width="300" data-height="275" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Carte_du_Berry.svg/450px-Carte_du_Berry.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Carte_du_Berry.svg/600px-Carte_du_Berry.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>The ancient province of Berry with the communes and départements.</figcaption></figure><p>Berry is notable as the birthplace of several kings and other members of the French royal family, and was the birthplace of the knight <a href="/wiki/Baldwin_Chauderon" title="Baldwin Chauderon">Baldwin Chauderon</a>, who fought in the <a href="/wiki/First_Crusade" title="First Crusade">First Crusade</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, Berry became the center of the <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Berry" title="Duke of Berry">Duchy of Berry</a>'s holdings. It is also known for an <a href="/wiki/Illuminated_manuscript" title="Illuminated manuscript">illuminated manuscript</a> produced in the 14th–15th century called <i><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A8s_Riches_Heures_du_Duc_de_Berry" title="Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry">Les Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry</a></i>. </p><p>In later times, the writer <a href="/wiki/George_Sand" title="George Sand">George Sand</a> spent much of her life at her Berry estate in <a href="/wiki/Nohant" class="mw-redirect" title="Nohant">Nohant</a>, and Berry's landscape and specific culture figure in much of Sand's writings. </p><p>The Duchy was governed by the <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Berry" title="Duke of Berry">Duke/Duchess of Berry</a>, who after 1601 was a senior member of the <a href="/wiki/French_royal_family" class="mw-redirect" title="French royal family">French royal family</a>. The title of 'Duke of Berry' was by this period divested of territorial significance, and instead held by princes of the royal house, the last of which was <a href="/wiki/Charles_Ferdinand,_Duke_of_Berry" title="Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry">Charles Ferdinand d'Artois</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In c.750, the Counties of Berry and Bourges were created by the <a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Franks" class="mw-redirect" title="King of the Franks">King of the Franks</a>. In 843, the County of Berry became part of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_domain" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal domain">Royal domain</a> or crown lands controlled by the king. From 878 to 892, the county was part of the <a href="/wiki/County_of_Auvergne" class="mw-redirect" title="County of Auvergne">County of Auvergne</a>, but became independent once more in 893. In 972, the County of Bourges was reduced to a Viscounty as the <i>Viscomte de Bourges</i>, and in 1101 was annexed by France. In 1360, the county was raised to a duchy as the Duchy of Berry. In 1221, the <a href="/wiki/Seigneur" title="Seigneur">Seigneuries</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teauroux" title="Châteauroux">Châteauroux</a> and <a href="/wiki/Issoudun" title="Issoudun">Issoudun</a> were annexed into the duchy.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first governor of the province appears to have been appointed on 14 March 1698, when <a href="/wiki/Adrien_Maurice_de_Noailles" class="mw-redirect" title="Adrien Maurice de Noailles">Adrien Maurice de Noailles</a>, Duke of Noailles became military governor when he was only 19 years old.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1778, <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI" title="Louis XVI">Louis XVI</a> convened the provincial assemblies of Berry, and considered expanding the assembly to other provinces, but abandoned this idea after experiencing the opposition of the privileged classes in Berry.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1790, when the former provinces were dissolved, the Duchy of Berry was split between two departments: <a href="/wiki/Cher_(department)" title="Cher (department)">Cher</a> in Upper (eastern) Berry and <a href="/wiki/Indre" title="Indre">Indre</a> in Lower (western) Berry. Some communes also became part of the <a href="/wiki/Allier" title="Allier">Allier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Creuse" title="Creuse">Creuse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loiret" title="Loiret">Loiret</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Loir-et-Cher" title="Loir-et-Cher">Loir-et-Cher</a> departments as well.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Governors">Governors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Berry,_France&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Governors" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>The governors of French provinces during the Ancien Régime were typically military commanders and provided military oversight in the region. This included recruitment, movement of troops, and – if needed – dealing with civil disobedience. Below is a list of the governors of Berry during its time as a province.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Duke_of_Berry">Duke of Berry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Berry,_France&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Duke of Berry" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Berry" title="Duke of Berry">Duke of Berry</a></div> <p>In October 1360, the title 'Duke of Berry' was created by <a href="/wiki/King_John_II_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="King John II of France">King John II of France</a> for his third-born son, <a href="/wiki/John,_Duke_of_Berry" title="John, Duke of Berry">John of Poitiers</a>. The duke was followed by several members of the senior royal family, establishing a tradition of the duke being a member of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Valois" title="House of Valois">House of Valois</a>. In 1505 however, the last Duchess of Berry <a href="/wiki/Joan_of_France,_Duchess_of_Berry" title="Joan of France, Duchess of Berry">Joan of France</a> died of natural causes and the title was merged into the <a href="/wiki/Royal_domain" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal domain">royal domain</a>. In 1527, the title was re-created for <a href="/wiki/Marguerite_de_Navarre" title="Marguerite de Navarre">Marguerite de Navarre</a> until the title was once again dissolved in 1601 following the death of Duchess <a href="/wiki/Louise_of_Lorraine" title="Louise of Lorraine">Louise of Lorraine</a>. </p><p>In 1686, <a href="/wiki/King_Louis_XIV" class="mw-redirect" title="King Louis XIV">King Louis XIV</a> re-created the title for his third grandson <a href="/wiki/Charles,_Duke_of_Berry_(1686%E2%80%931714)" title="Charles, Duke of Berry (1686–1714)">Charles de Bourbon</a>, however the title was dissolved following the death of the Duke in 1714. In 1754, Louis XV re-created the title for his grandson <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI" title="Louis XVI">Louis-Auguste de Bourbon</a> (later King Louis XVI), who dropped the title in 1765 when he became <a href="/wiki/Dauphin_of_France" title="Dauphin of France">Dauphin</a>. In 1778, Louis XVI once again re-created the title for his nephew <a href="/wiki/Charles_Ferdinand,_Duke_of_Berry" title="Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry">Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry</a>. In 1820, the title was finally dissolved once more when the last duke was assassinated. </p><p>While Berry was a province, the Duke of Berry was de jure leader of the area. The dukes included: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Coat of Arms </th> <th>Portrait </th> <th>Name </th> <th>Other Titles </th> <th>Tenure </th></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_Charles_de_Berry.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Arms_of_Charles_de_Berry.svg/75px-Arms_of_Charles_de_Berry.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="87" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="478"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 75px;height: 87px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Arms_of_Charles_de_Berry.svg/75px-Arms_of_Charles_de_Berry.svg.png" data-width="75" data-height="87" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Arms_of_Charles_de_Berry.svg/112px-Arms_of_Charles_de_Berry.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Arms_of_Charles_de_Berry.svg/149px-Arms_of_Charles_de_Berry.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vivien_-_Charles_of_France,_Duke_of_Berry_-_Louvre.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Vivien_-_Charles_of_France%2C_Duke_of_Berry_-_Louvre.png/100px-Vivien_-_Charles_of_France%2C_Duke_of_Berry_-_Louvre.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="127" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="494" data-file-height="625"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 127px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Vivien_-_Charles_of_France%2C_Duke_of_Berry_-_Louvre.png/100px-Vivien_-_Charles_of_France%2C_Duke_of_Berry_-_Louvre.png" data-width="100" data-height="127" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Vivien_-_Charles_of_France%2C_Duke_of_Berry_-_Louvre.png/151px-Vivien_-_Charles_of_France%2C_Duke_of_Berry_-_Louvre.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Vivien_-_Charles_of_France%2C_Duke_of_Berry_-_Louvre.png/201px-Vivien_-_Charles_of_France%2C_Duke_of_Berry_-_Louvre.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Charles,_Duke_of_Berry_(1686%E2%80%931714)" title="Charles, Duke of Berry (1686–1714)">Charles de Bourbon</a> </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Angoul%C3%AAme" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke of Angoulême">Duke of Angoulême</a> (1710–death)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Alen%C3%A7on" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke of Alençon">Duke of Alençon</a> (1710–death)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Count_of_Ponthieu" title="Count of Ponthieu">Count of Ponthieu</a> (1710–death)</li></ul> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">31 July 1686<br>–<br>5 May 1714</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_Charles_de_Berry.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Arms_of_Charles_de_Berry.svg/75px-Arms_of_Charles_de_Berry.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="87" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="478"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 75px;height: 87px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Arms_of_Charles_de_Berry.svg/75px-Arms_of_Charles_de_Berry.svg.png" data-width="75" data-height="87" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Arms_of_Charles_de_Berry.svg/112px-Arms_of_Charles_de_Berry.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Arms_of_Charles_de_Berry.svg/149px-Arms_of_Charles_de_Berry.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Van_Loo,_Louis-Michel_-_The_Dauphin_Louis_Auguste,_later_Louis_XVI.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Van Loo, Louis-Michel - The Dauphin Louis Auguste, later Louis XVI"><noscript><img alt="Van Loo, Louis-Michel - The Dauphin Louis Auguste, later Louis XVI" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Van_Loo%2C_Louis-Michel_-_The_Dauphin_Louis_Auguste%2C_later_Louis_XVI.jpg/100px-Van_Loo%2C_Louis-Michel_-_The_Dauphin_Louis_Auguste%2C_later_Louis_XVI.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="126" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="998" data-file-height="1261"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 126px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Van_Loo%2C_Louis-Michel_-_The_Dauphin_Louis_Auguste%2C_later_Louis_XVI.jpg/100px-Van_Loo%2C_Louis-Michel_-_The_Dauphin_Louis_Auguste%2C_later_Louis_XVI.jpg" data-alt="Van Loo, Louis-Michel - The Dauphin Louis Auguste, later Louis XVI" data-width="100" data-height="126" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Van_Loo%2C_Louis-Michel_-_The_Dauphin_Louis_Auguste%2C_later_Louis_XVI.jpg/149px-Van_Loo%2C_Louis-Michel_-_The_Dauphin_Louis_Auguste%2C_later_Louis_XVI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Van_Loo%2C_Louis-Michel_-_The_Dauphin_Louis_Auguste%2C_later_Louis_XVI.jpg/199px-Van_Loo%2C_Louis-Michel_-_The_Dauphin_Louis_Auguste%2C_later_Louis_XVI.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Van Loo, Louis-Michel - The Dauphin Louis Auguste, later Louis XVI</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI" title="Louis XVI">Louis-Auguste de Bourbon</a> </td> <th> </th> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">23 August 1765<br>–<br>20 December 1765</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_Charles_dArtois.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Arms of Charles dArtois"><noscript><img alt="Arms of Charles dArtois" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Arms_of_Charles_dArtois.svg/75px-Arms_of_Charles_dArtois.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="87" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="478"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 75px;height: 87px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Arms_of_Charles_dArtois.svg/75px-Arms_of_Charles_dArtois.svg.png" data-alt="Arms of Charles dArtois" data-width="75" data-height="87" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Arms_of_Charles_dArtois.svg/112px-Arms_of_Charles_dArtois.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Arms_of_Charles_dArtois.svg/149px-Arms_of_Charles_dArtois.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Arms of Charles dArtois</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Danloux_-_Charles_Ferdinand_d%27Artois_(1778-1820),_duc_de_Berry.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Danloux - Charles Ferdinand d'Artois (1778-1820), duc de Berry"><noscript><img alt="Danloux - Charles Ferdinand d'Artois (1778-1820), duc de Berry" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Danloux_-_Charles_Ferdinand_d%27Artois_%281778-1820%29%2C_duc_de_Berry.jpg/100px-Danloux_-_Charles_Ferdinand_d%27Artois_%281778-1820%29%2C_duc_de_Berry.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2165" data-file-height="2708"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 125px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Danloux_-_Charles_Ferdinand_d%27Artois_%281778-1820%29%2C_duc_de_Berry.jpg/100px-Danloux_-_Charles_Ferdinand_d%27Artois_%281778-1820%29%2C_duc_de_Berry.jpg" data-alt="Danloux - Charles Ferdinand d'Artois (1778-1820), duc de Berry" data-width="100" data-height="125" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Danloux_-_Charles_Ferdinand_d%27Artois_%281778-1820%29%2C_duc_de_Berry.jpg/150px-Danloux_-_Charles_Ferdinand_d%27Artois_%281778-1820%29%2C_duc_de_Berry.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Danloux_-_Charles_Ferdinand_d%27Artois_%281778-1820%29%2C_duc_de_Berry.jpg/200px-Danloux_-_Charles_Ferdinand_d%27Artois_%281778-1820%29%2C_duc_de_Berry.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Danloux - Charles Ferdinand d'Artois (1778-1820), duc de Berry</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Charles_Ferdinand,_Duke_of_Berry" title="Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry">Charles Ferdinand d'Artois</a> </td> <th> </th> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">24 January 1778<br>–<br>14 February 1820</div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Berry,_France&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Etymology" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <p>The name of <i>Berry</i>, like that of its capital, Bourges, originated with the Gaulish tribe of the <a href="/wiki/Bituriges_Cubi" title="Bituriges Cubi">Bituriges</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who settled in the area before the Roman armies of <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a> conquered Gaul. The name of the tribe gave name to the region, often mentioned in <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Latin" title="Medieval Latin">Medieval Latin</a> sources as: <i>Bituria</i>. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Brenne">Brenne</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Berry,_France&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Brenne" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <p>La Brenne, located west of <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teauroux" title="Châteauroux">Châteauroux</a> and east of <a href="/wiki/Tournon-Saint-Martin" title="Tournon-Saint-Martin">Tournon-Saint-Martin</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Indre" title="Indre">Indre</a> department, is a region which of old straddled on the former provinces of Berry and <a href="/wiki/Touraine" title="Touraine">Touraine</a>, and is now a protected natural area (<a href="/wiki/Parc_naturel_r%C3%A9gional_de_la_Brenne" title="Parc naturel régional de la Brenne">Parc naturel régional de la Brenne</a>) as well called <i>Pays des mille étangs</i>, because of its many ponds created since the 8th c. by the monks of the local abbeys for <a href="/wiki/Fish_farming" title="Fish farming">pisciculture</a>. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Berry,_France&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berrichon_dialect" title="Berrichon dialect">Berrichon dialect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Beno%C3%AEt-du-Sault" title="Saint-Benoît-du-Sault">Saint-Benoît-du-Sault</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Berry,_France&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Citations" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Berry"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Berry">"Berry" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 809.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Berry&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=809&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerry%2C+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldstatesmen.org/France_prov.html#Berry">"Provinces of France to 1791"</a>. <i>www.worldstatesmen.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.worldstatesmen.org&rft.atitle=Provinces+of+France+to+1791&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldstatesmen.org%2FFrance_prov.html%23Berry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerry%2C+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_Kropotkin1909" class="citation book cs1">Peter Kropotkin (1909). "Chapter 5". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.revoltlib.com/?id=217"><i>The Great French Revolution, 1789-1793</i></a>. Translated by N. F. Dryhurst. New York: Vanguard Printings. <q>The weapon used by Louis XVI, in preference to all others was deceit. Only fear made him yield, and, using always the same weapons, deceit and hypocrisy, he resisted not only up to 1789, but even up to the last moment, to the very foot of tile scaffold. At any rate, in 1778, at a time when it was already evident to all minds of more or less perspicacity, as it was to Turgot and Necker, that the absolute power of the King had had its day, and that the hour had come for replacing it by some kind of national representation, Louis XVI could never be brought to make any but the feeblest concessions. He convened the provincial assemblies of the provinces of Berri and Haute-Guienne (1778 and 1779). But in face of the opposition shown by the privileged classes, the plan of extending these assemblies to the other provinces was abandoned, and Necker was dismissed in 1781.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+5&rft.btitle=The+Great+French+Revolution%2C+1789-1793&rft.pub=New+York%3A+Vanguard+Printings&rft.date=1909&rft.au=Peter+Kropotkin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.revoltlib.com%2F%3Fid%3D217&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerry%2C+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Compare: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiroglioMiroglio1978" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Miroglio, Abel; Miroglio, Yvonne-Delphée, eds. (1978). "Berrichons". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=58v3CAAAQBAJ"><i>L'Europe et ses Populations</i></a> [<i>Europe and its peoples</i>] (in French). The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff (published 2012). p. 157. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789400997318" title="Special:BookSources/9789400997318"><bdi>9789400997318</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2017</span>. <q>[...] en fait, <i>Berry</i> vient de Bituriges; ainsi se nommaient les ancêtres gaulois des Berrichons. Le premier nom de Bourges fut Bituricum.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Berrichons&rft.btitle=L%27Europe+et+ses+Populations&rft.place=The+Hague&rft.pages=157&rft.pub=Martinus+Nijhoff&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=9789400997318&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D58v3CAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerry%2C+France" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="General_and_cited_sources">General and cited sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Berry,_France&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: General and cited sources" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbbott1981" class="citation book cs1">Abbott, Paul D. (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=s80iAQAAIAAJ"><i>Provinces, pays, and seigneuries of France</i></a>. Myrtleford, Australia. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780959377309" title="Special:BookSources/9780959377309"><bdi>9780959377309</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Provinces%2C+pays%2C+and+seigneuries+of+France&rft.place=Myrtleford%2C+Australia&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=9780959377309&rft.aulast=Abbott&rft.aufirst=Paul+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ds80iAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerry%2C+France" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDevailly1973" class="citation book cs1">Devailly, Guy (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2YpdDwAAQBAJ"><i>Le Berry du Xe siècle au milieu du XIIIe: Étude politique, religieuse, sociale, et économique</i></a>. Paris-La Haye: Mouton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783111631066" title="Special:BookSources/9783111631066"><bdi>9783111631066</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+Berry+du+Xe+si%C3%A8cle+au+milieu+du+XIIIe%3A+%C3%89tude+politique%2C+religieuse%2C+sociale%2C+et+%C3%A9conomique&rft.place=Paris-La+Haye&rft.pub=Mouton&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=9783111631066&rft.aulast=Devailly&rft.aufirst=Guy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2YpdDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerry%2C+France" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLegeard2024" class="citation book cs1">Legeard, Emmanuel (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PH7R0AEACAAJ"><i>Histoire du Berry</i></a>. Paris: Gisserot. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782755811193" title="Special:BookSources/9782755811193"><bdi>9782755811193</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+du+Berry&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Gisserot&rft.date=2024&rft.isbn=9782755811193&rft.aulast=Legeard&rft.aufirst=Emmanuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPH7R0AEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABerry%2C+France" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Berry,_France&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 30px;height: 40px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="30" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Berry_(region)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Berry (region)">Berry (region)</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.steveunsworth.co.uk/Albums/St_Benoit_Aug%20_2003_BW01/index.htm">Pictures</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090504142106/http://www.steveunsworth.co.uk/Albums/St_Benoit_Aug%20_2003_BW01/index.htm">Archived</a> 4 May 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080310235418/http://www.holiday-gite-france.co.uk/">Accommodation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080621055109/http://fotw.vexillum.com/flags/fr-berry.html">Flag of Berry (FOTW)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.factmonster.com/ce6/world/A0807264.html">Columbia Encyclopedia article on Berry</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berry,_France&oldid=1255824000">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berry,_France&oldid=1255824000</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Berry,_France&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Citation bot" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1730927444"> <span>Last edited on 6 November 2024, at 21:10</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A_(%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7)" title="بري (فرنسا) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بري (فرنسا)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A8rri" title="Bèrri – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Bèrri" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F)" title="Беры (правінцыя) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Беры (правінцыя)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berry_(provi%C3%B1s)" title="Berry (proviñs) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Berry (proviñs)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berric" title="Berric – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Berric" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berry" title="Berry – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Berry" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berry" title="Berry – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Berry" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berry_(Provinz)" title="Berry (Provinz) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Berry (Provinz)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berry_(Francia)" title="Berry (Francia) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Berry (Francia)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berio" title="Berio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Berio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berry_(eskualde_historikoa)" title="Berry (eskualde historikoa) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Berry (eskualde historikoa)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C_(%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="بری (استان) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بری (استان)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berry" title="Berry – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Berry" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%A0%EB%A6%AC_(%ED%94%84%EB%A1%9C%EB%B1%85%EC%8A%A4)" title="베리 (프로뱅스) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="베리 (프로뱅스)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berry_(regione)" title="Berry (regione) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Berry (regione)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98)" title="ბერი (საფრანგეთი) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბერი (საფრანგეთი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berry" title="Berry – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Berry" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beri" title="Beri – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Beri" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berry_(provincie)" title="Berry (provincie) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Berry (provincie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%99%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC_(%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9)" title="ベリー (フランス) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ベリー (フランス)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berry_(Prowins)" title="Berry (Prowins) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Berry (Prowins)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berry" title="Berry – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Berry" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berry" title="Berry – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Berry" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berr%C3%AD" title="Berrí – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Berrí" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9ri_(prouvinche)" title="Béri (prouvinche) – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Béri (prouvinche)" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berry_(Francja)" title="Berry (Francja) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Berry (Francja)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berry_(prov%C3%ADncia)" title="Berry (província) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Berry (província)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berry_(provincie)" title="Berry (provincie) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Berry (provincie)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Берри (провинция) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Берри (провинция)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berry" title="Berry – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Berry" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berry" title="Berry – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Berry" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berry" title="Berry – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Berry" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D1%96_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Беррі (провінція) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Беррі (провінція)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ver%C3%AC" title="Verì – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Verì" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B2%9D%E9%87%8C_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B)" title="貝里 (法國) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="貝里 (法國)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 6 November 2024, at 21:10<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" 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<script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-7f7789979b-kdk7t","wgBackendResponseTime":188,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.682","walltime":"0.891","ppvisitednodes":{"value":4352,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":78569,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":4698,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":11,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":52592,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 803.442 1 -total"," 17.02% 136.768 1 Template:Infobox_former_subdivision"," 15.69% 126.073 1 Template:Historic_Provinces_of_France"," 15.09% 121.270 1 Template:IPA"," 14.88% 119.577 1 Template:Reflist"," 14.63% 117.531 1 Template:Navbox"," 10.82% 86.969 1 Template:Cite_EB1911"," 8.08% 64.944 1 Template:Short_description"," 7.56% 60.769 1 Template:More_citations_needed"," 6.99% 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