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Thein</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Mu Mu Thein"> <meta name="keywords" content="Mu Mu Thein"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Mu Mu Thein"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 9</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Mu Mu Thein</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> The Response to Various Planting Conditions of Thein Corn Inbred Lines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Boonlertnirun">K. Boonlertnirun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Rawdsiri"> C. Rawdsiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Suvannasara"> R. Suvannasara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Boonlertnirun"> S. Boonlertnirun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Thein corn variety well adapted to several planting conditions is usually accepted by most farmers. The objectives of this work were to evaluate yield potential of Thein corn inbred line grown in various nitrogen rates and plant conditions for selecting good inbred lines to be germ plasm for further breeding program. Split plot design with three replications was utilized as experimental design, three planting conditions: normal (control), low nitrogen, and high plant density condition, and sixteen inbred lines of Thein corn were used as main and subplot respectively. The results showed that no interaction between inbred line and planting condition in terms of yield. Correlation between planting conditions based on yield of inbred line was positive at medium level. Thein corn inbreds, namely L7, L5, L16, and L14 lines were tolerant to low nitrogen condition because they could produce high yield under all planting conditions and they were selected to be germ plasm for further breeding program. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inbred%20line" title="inbred line">inbred line</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=planting%20condition" title=" planting condition"> planting condition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thein%20corn" title=" Thein corn"> Thein corn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=planting%20conditions" title=" planting conditions"> planting conditions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2298/the-response-to-various-planting-conditions-of-thein-corn-inbred-lines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2298.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">372</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Lip Localization Technique for Myanmar Consonants Recognition Based on Lip Movements</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thein%20Thein">Thein Thein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kalyar%20Myo%20San"> Kalyar Myo San</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lip reading system is one of the different supportive technologies for hearing impaired, or elderly people or non-native speakers. For normal hearing persons in noisy environments or in conditions where the audio signal is not available, lip reading techniques can be used to increase their understanding of spoken language. Hearing impaired persons have used lip reading techniques as important tools to find out what was said by other people without hearing voice. Thus, visual speech information is important and become active research area. Using visual information from lip movements can improve the accuracy and robustness of a speech recognition system and the need for lip reading system is ever increasing for every language. However, the recognition of lip movement is a difficult task because of the region of interest (ROI) is nonlinear and noisy. Therefore, this paper proposes method to detect the accurate lips shape and to localize lip movement towards automatic lip tracking by using the combination of Otsu global thresholding technique and Moore Neighborhood Tracing Algorithm. Proposed method shows how accurate lip localization and tracking which is useful for speech recognition. In this work of study and experiments will be carried out the automatic lip localizing the lip shape for Myanmar consonants using the only visual information from lip movements which is useful for visual speech of Myanmar languages. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lip%20reading" title="lip reading">lip reading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lip%20localization" title=" lip localization"> lip localization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lip%20tracking" title=" lip tracking"> lip tracking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moore%20neighborhood%20tracing%20algorithm" title=" Moore neighborhood tracing algorithm"> Moore neighborhood tracing algorithm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77130/lip-localization-technique-for-myanmar-consonants-recognition-based-on-lip-movements" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77130.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">352</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Feature-Based Summarizing and Ranking from Customer Reviews</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dim%20En%20Nyaung">Dim En Nyaung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thin%20Lai%20Lai%20Thein"> Thin Lai Lai Thein</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to the rapid increase of Internet, web opinion sources dynamically emerge which is useful for both potential customers and product manufacturers for prediction and decision purposes. These are the user generated contents written in natural languages and are unstructured-free-texts scheme. Therefore, opinion mining techniques become popular to automatically process customer reviews for extracting product features and user opinions expressed over them. Since customer reviews may contain both opinionated and factual sentences, a supervised machine learning technique applies for subjectivity classification to improve the mining performance. In this paper, we dedicate our work is the task of opinion summarization. Therefore, product feature and opinion extraction is critical to opinion summarization, because its effectiveness significantly affects the identification of semantic relationships. The polarity and numeric score of all the features are determined by Senti-WordNet Lexicon. The problem of opinion summarization refers how to relate the opinion words with respect to a certain feature. Probabilistic based model of supervised learning will improve the result that is more flexible and effective. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=opinion%20mining" title="opinion mining">opinion mining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=opinion%20summarization" title=" opinion summarization"> opinion summarization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sentiment%20analysis" title=" sentiment analysis"> sentiment analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=text%20mining" title=" text mining"> text mining</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25595/feature-based-summarizing-and-ranking-from-customer-reviews" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25595.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">332</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Current Situation of Maritime Transport and Logistics in Myanmar</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20N.%20S.%20Thein">S. N. S. Thein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20L.%20Yang"> H. L. Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20B.%20Liu"> Z. B. Liu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There are many modes of transport. Among them, maritime transport is a major transportation mode of international trade. In the Republic of the Union of Myanmar (Burma), water transportation served as one of the most important modes of transport for country's exports and imports. Getting the accurate information and data-gathering activity are the most important aspects for any study field. Therefore, in this research, a historical review of the development of ports in Myanmar and how they have changed had been carried out. All the relevant literature and documents have also been reviewed, studied, and organized. The sources of collected data are from reports, journals, internet, as well as from the publications of authorized organizations and international associations. To get better understanding about real situation of maritime transport and logistics in Myanmar; current condition of existing ports, expansion and on-going projects, and future port development plans are described successively. Hence, the main purpose of this study is to build up a comprehensive picture of maritime transport and logistics, in addition to border trade within ASEAN and Myanmar. It will help for academic researchers, decision makers, and stakeholders for national planning as well as for the local and foreign investors to recognize current situation of maritime transport and logistics in Myanmar. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ASEAN" title="ASEAN">ASEAN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=border%20trade" title=" border trade"> border trade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=logistics" title=" logistics"> logistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maritime%20transport" title=" maritime transport"> maritime transport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ports%20of%20Myanmar" title=" ports of Myanmar"> ports of Myanmar</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100306/current-situation-of-maritime-transport-and-logistics-in-myanmar" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100306.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">219</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Improving Diagnostic Accuracy in Rural Medicine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kelechi%20Emmanuel">Kelechi Emmanuel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyaw%20Thein%20Aung"> Kyaw Thein Aung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=William%20Burch"> William Burch</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Although rewarding in more ways than one, rural medicine can be challenging. The factors that lead to the challenges experienced in rural medicine include but are not limited to scarcity of resources, poor patient education inadequately trained professionals. This is the first single center study done on the challenges of and ways to improve diagnosis in rural medicine. Materials and Methods: Questionnaires were given to providers in a single hospital in rural Tennessee USA. In which providers were asked the question ‘In the past six months, what measures have you taken to improve your diagnostic accuracy given limited resources. Results: The questionnaire was passed to ten physicians working in a two hundred and twentyfive hospital bed. Physicians who participated included physicians in hospital medicine, emergency medicine, surgery, cardiology and gastroenterology. The study found that improved physical examination skills, access to specialist especially via telemedicine and affiliation to centers with more experienced professionals improved diagnosis and overall patient outcome in rural medicine. Conclusion: From this single center study, there is evidence to show that in addition to honing physical examination skills and having access to immediate results of testing done; hospital collaborations and access to highly trained specialist via telemedicine does improve diagnosis in rural medicine. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural%20medicine" title="rural medicine">rural medicine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diagnostic%20accuracy" title=" diagnostic accuracy"> diagnostic accuracy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diagnosis" title=" diagnosis"> diagnosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=telemedicine" title=" telemedicine"> telemedicine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164871/improving-diagnostic-accuracy-in-rural-medicine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164871.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">74</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Estimation of Seismic Ground Motion and Shaking Parameters Based on Microtremor Measurements at Palu City, Central Sulawesi Province, Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20S.%20Thein">P. S. Thein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Pramumijoyo"> S. Pramumijoyo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20S.%20Brotopuspito"> K. S. Brotopuspito</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Kiyono"> J. Kiyono</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Wilopo"> W. Wilopo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Furukawa"> A. Furukawa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Setianto"> A. Setianto </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, we estimated the seismic ground motion parameters based on microtremor measurements at Palu City. Several earthquakes have struck along the Palu-Koro Fault during recent years. The USGS epicenter, magnitude Mw 6.3 event that occurred on January 23, 2005 caused several casualties. We conducted a microtremor survey to estimate the strong ground motion distribution during the earthquake. From this survey we produced a map of the peak ground acceleration, velocity, seismic vulnerability index and ground shear strain maps in Palu City. We performed single observations of microtremor at 151 sites in Palu City. We also conducted 8-site microtremors array investigation to gain a representative determination of the soil condition of subsurface structures in Palu City. From the array observations, Palu City corresponds to relatively soil condition with Vs ≤ 300 m/s, the predominant periods due to horizontal vertical ratios (HVSRs) are in the range of 0.4 to 1.8 s and the frequency are in the range of 0.7 to 3.3 Hz. Strong ground motions of the Palu area were predicted based on the empirical stochastic green’s function method. Peak ground acceleration and velocity becomes more than 400 gal and 30 kine in some areas, which causes severe damage for buildings in high probability. Microtremor survey results showed that in hilly areas had low seismic vulnerability index and ground shear strain, whereas in coastal alluvium was composed of material having a high seismic vulnerability and ground shear strain indication. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Palu-Koro%20fault" title="Palu-Koro fault">Palu-Koro fault</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microtremor" title=" microtremor"> microtremor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peak%20ground%20acceleration" title=" peak ground acceleration"> peak ground acceleration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peak%20ground%20velocity" title=" peak ground velocity"> peak ground velocity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20vulnerability%20index" title=" seismic vulnerability index "> seismic vulnerability index </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9721/estimation-of-seismic-ground-motion-and-shaking-parameters-based-on-microtremor-measurements-at-palu-city-central-sulawesi-province-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9721.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">405</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Additional Pathological Findings Using MRI on Patients with First Time Traumatic Lateral Patella Dislocation: A Study of 150 Patients</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ophir%20Segal">Ophir Segal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20%20Weltsch"> Daniel Weltsch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shay%20Tenenbaum"> Shay Tenenbaum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ran%20Thein"> Ran Thein</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: Patients with lateral patellar dislocation (LPD) are not always referred to perform an MRI. This might be the case in first time LPD patients without surgical indications or in patients with recurrent LPD who had MRI in previous episodes. Unfortunately, in some cases, there are additional knee pathological findings, which include tearing of the collateral or cruciate ligaments and injury to the tendons or menisci. These findings might be overlooked during the physical examination or masked by nonspecific clinical findings like knee pain, effusion, or hemarthrosis. The prevalence of these findings, which can be revealed by MRI, is misreported in literature and is considered rare. In our practice, all patients with LPD are sent for MRI after LPD. Therefore, we have designed a retrospective comparative study to evaluate the prevalence of additional pathological findings in patients with acute traumatic LPD that had performed MRI, comparing different groups of patients according to age, sex, and Tibial Tuberosity-Trochlear Groove(TT-TG) distance. Methods: MRI of the knee in patients after traumatic LPD were evaluated for the presence of additional pathological findings such as injuries to ligaments: Anterior/Posterior cruciate ligament(ACL, PCL), Medial/Lateral collateral ligament(MCL, LCL), injuries to tendons(QUADICEPS, PATELLAR), menisci(Medial/Lateral meniscus(MM, LM)) and tibial plateau, by a fellowship-trained, senior musculoskeletal radiologist. A comparison between different groups of patients was performed according to age (age group < 25 years, age group > 25 years), sex (Male/Female group), and TT-TG distance (TT-TG<15 groups, TT-TG>15 groups). A descriptive and comparative statistical analysis was performed. Results: 150 patients were included in this study. All suffered from LPD between the years 2012-2017 (mean age 21.3( ± SD 8.9), 86 males). ACL, PCL, MCL, and LCL complete or partial tears were found in 17(11.3%), 3(2%), 22(14.6%), and 4(2.7%) of the patients, respectively. MM and LM tears were found in 10(6.7%) and 3(2%) of the patients, respectively. A higher prevalence of PCL injury, MM tear, and LM tear were found in the older age group compared to the younger group of patients (10.5% vs. 1.8%, 18.4% vs. 2.7%, and 7.9% vs. 0%, respectively, p<0.05). A higher prevalence of non-displaced MM tear and LCL injury was found in the male group compared to the female group (8.1% vs. 0% and 8.1% vs. 0% respectively, p<0.05). A higher prevalence of ACL injury was found in the normal TT-TG group compared to the pathologic TT-TG group (17.5% vs. 2.3%, p= 0.0184). Conclusions: Overall, 43 out of 150 (28.7%) of the patient's MRI’s were positive for additional pathological radiological findings. Interestingly, a higher prevalence of additional pathologies was found in the groups of patients with a lower risk for recurrent LPD, including males, patients older than 25, and patients with TT-TG lower than 15mm, and therefore might not be referred for an MRI scan. Thus, we recommend a strict physical examination, awareness to the high prevalence of additional pathological findings, and to consider performing an MRI in all patients after LPD. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=additional%20findings" title="additional findings">additional findings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lateral%20patellar%20dislocation%20%28LPD%29" title=" lateral patellar dislocation (LPD)"> lateral patellar dislocation (LPD)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MRI%20scan" title=" MRI scan"> MRI scan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traumatic%20patellar%20dislocation" title=" traumatic patellar dislocation"> traumatic patellar dislocation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cruciate%20ligaments%20injuries" title=" cruciate ligaments injuries"> cruciate ligaments injuries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=menisci%20injuries" title=" menisci injuries"> menisci injuries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collateral%20ligaments%20injuries" title=" collateral ligaments injuries"> collateral ligaments injuries</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122262/additional-pathological-findings-using-mri-on-patients-with-first-time-traumatic-lateral-patella-dislocation-a-study-of-150-patients" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122262.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Myanmar Consonants Recognition System Based on Lip Movements Using Active Contour Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Thein">T. Thein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Kalyar%20Myo"> S. Kalyar Myo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Human uses visual information for understanding the speech contents in noisy conditions or in situations where the audio signal is not available. The primary advantage of visual information is that it is not affected by the acoustic noise and cross talk among speakers. Using visual information from the lip movements can improve the accuracy and robustness of automatic speech recognition. However, a major challenge with most automatic lip reading system is to find a robust and efficient method for extracting the linguistically relevant speech information from a lip image sequence. This is a difficult task due to variation caused by different speakers, illumination, camera setting and the inherent low luminance and chrominance contrast between lip and non-lip region. Several researchers have been developing methods to overcome these problems; the one is lip reading. Moreover, it is well known that visual information about speech through lip reading is very useful for human speech recognition system. Lip reading is the technique of a comprehensive understanding of underlying speech by processing on the movement of lips. Therefore, lip reading system is one of the different supportive technologies for hearing impaired or elderly people, and it is an active research area. The need for lip reading system is ever increasing for every language. This research aims to develop a visual teaching method system for the hearing impaired persons in Myanmar, how to pronounce words precisely by identifying the features of lip movement. The proposed research will work a lip reading system for Myanmar Consonants, one syllable consonants (င (Nga)၊ ည (Nya)၊ မ (Ma)၊ လ (La)၊ ၀ (Wa)၊ သ (Tha)၊ ဟ (Ha)၊ အ (Ah) ) and two syllable consonants ( က(Ka Gyi)၊ ခ (Kha Gway)၊ ဂ (Ga Nge)၊ ဃ (Ga Gyi)၊ စ (Sa Lone)၊ ဆ (Sa Lain)၊ ဇ (Za Gwe) ၊ ဒ (Da Dway)၊ ဏ (Na Gyi)၊ န (Na Nge)၊ ပ (Pa Saug)၊ ဘ (Ba Gone)၊ ရ (Ya Gaug)၊ ဠ (La Gyi) ). In the proposed system, there are three subsystems, the first one is the lip localization system, which localizes the lips in the digital inputs. The next one is the feature extraction system, which extracts features of lip movement suitable for visual speech recognition. And the final one is the classification system. In the proposed research, Two Dimensional Discrete Cosine Transform (2D-DCT) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) with Active Contour Model (ACM) will be used for lip movement features extraction. Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier is used for finding class parameter and class number in training set and testing set. Then, experiments will be carried out for the recognition accuracy of Myanmar consonants using the only visual information on lip movements which are useful for visual speech of Myanmar languages. The result will show the effectiveness of the lip movement recognition for Myanmar Consonants. This system will help the hearing impaired persons to use as the language learning application. This system can also be useful for normal hearing persons in noisy environments or conditions where they can find out what was said by other people without hearing voice. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feature%20extraction" title="feature extraction">feature extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lip%20reading" title=" lip reading"> lip reading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lip%20localization" title=" lip localization"> lip localization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Active%20Contour%20Model%20%28ACM%29" title=" Active Contour Model (ACM)"> Active Contour Model (ACM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Linear%20Discriminant%20Analysis%20%28LDA%29" title=" Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA)"> Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Support%20Vector%20Machine%20%28SVM%29" title=" Support Vector Machine (SVM)"> Support Vector Machine (SVM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Two%20Dimensional%20Discrete%20Cosine%20Transform%20%282D-DCT%29" title=" Two Dimensional Discrete Cosine Transform (2D-DCT)"> Two Dimensional Discrete Cosine Transform (2D-DCT)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74906/myanmar-consonants-recognition-system-based-on-lip-movements-using-active-contour-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74906.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">286</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Survey for Mango Seed Weevils and Pulp Weevil Sternochetus Species (Coleoptera:Curculionidae) on Mango, Mangifera indica in Shan State-South, Myanmar </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khin%20Nyunt%20Yee">Khin Nyunt Yee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mu%20Mu%20Thein"> Mu Mu Thein </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Detection survey of mango seed and Pulp weevils was undertaken at major mango production areas, Yat Sauk, Taunggyi, Nyaung Shwe and Hopong Townships, in Shan State (South) of Myanmar on two mango cultivars of Sein Ta Lone and Yinkwe from May to August 2016 to coincide with fruiting season to conduct a survey of mango seed and pulp weevils population. The total numbers of 6300 fruits of both mango cultivars were sampled. Among them, 2900 fruits from 5674 fruit bearing plants were collected for Sein Ta Lone cultivar of five well managed, one unmanaged orchards and Urban in Yatsauk Twonship, 400 fruits from only one well managed orchard in Taunggyi Township, 400 fruits from two managed orchards in Nyaung Shwe Township and 400 fruits from one managed orchard in Hopong Township from May to June. 2200 fruits were collected from 4043 fruit bearing plants for Yinkwe Cultivar of four well managed orchards, one unmanaged orchards and one wild tree only in Yat Sauk Township from July to August, 2016. Fruit sample size was 200 fruits /orchard, / wild or /volunteer trees as minimum number. The pulps of all randomly sampling fruits were longitudinal cut open into three slices on each side of fruit and seed were cut longitudinally to inspect the presence of mango weevils. The collected weevils were identified up to species level at Plant Quarantine Laboratory, Plant Protection Division, Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation, Yangon, Myanmar. Mango Pulp and Seed weevils were found on Sein Ta Lone Mango Cultivar in three out of four surveyed Townships except Hopong with the level of infestation ranged from 0.0% to 3.5% of fruits per Township with 0.0% to 39.0% of fruits per orchard. The highest infestation rate per township was 3.5% of fruits (n=400 fruits) in Nyaung Shwe, then, at Yat Suak, the rate was 2.47% (n=2900 fruits). A well-managed orchard at Taung Gyi had 0.75% (n=400 fruits) whereas Hopong was free 0.0% (n=400). The weevils were also recorded on Yinkwe Mango Cultivar in Yatsauk Township where the infestation level was 12.63% of fruits (n=2200) with 0.0% to 67.0% of fruits per orchard. This high level of infestation was obtained by including an absolutely non Integrated Pest Management (non IPM) orchards in both survey with the infestation rates 63.0% of fruits (n=200) and 67.0% of fruits (n=200) respectively on Yinkwe cultivar. Two different species; mango pulp weevil, Sternochetus frigitus, and mango seed weevil Sternochetus olivieri (Faust) of family Curculionidae under the order Coleoptera were recorded. Sternochetus mangiferae was not found during these surveys. Three different developmental stages of mango seed and pulp weevils: larva, pupa and adult were first detected since the first survey in 3rd week of May and mostly were recorded as adult stages in the following surveys in June, July and August The number of Mango pulp weevil was statistically higher than that of mango seed weevils at P < 0.001%. More precise surveys should be carried out national wide to detect the mango weevils. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mango%20pulp%20weevil" title="mango pulp weevil">mango pulp weevil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sternochetus%20frigitus" title=" Sternochetus frigitus"> Sternochetus frigitus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mango%20seed%20weevil%20Sternochetus%20olivieri" title=" mango seed weevil Sternochetus olivieri"> mango seed weevil Sternochetus olivieri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=faust" title=" faust"> faust</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sternochetus%20mangiferae" title=" Sternochetus mangiferae"> Sternochetus mangiferae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fabricius" title=" fabricius"> fabricius</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sein%20Ta%20Lone" title=" Sein Ta Lone"> Sein Ta Lone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yinkwe%20mango%20cultivars" title=" Yinkwe mango cultivars"> Yinkwe mango cultivars</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shan%20State%20%28South%29%20Myanmar" title=" Shan State (South) Myanmar"> Shan State (South) Myanmar</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65063/survey-for-mango-seed-weevils-and-pulp-weevil-sternochetus-species-coleopteracurculionidae-on-mango-mangifera-indica-in-shan-state-south-myanmar" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65063.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">307</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> 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