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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Construction_of_infraspecific_names" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Construction_of_infraspecific_names"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Construction of infraspecific names</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Construction_of_infraspecific_names-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Abbreviation_of_infraspecific_names" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abbreviation_of_infraspecific_names"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Abbreviation of infraspecific names</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abbreviation_of_infraspecific_names-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legitimate_infraspecific_names" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legitimate_infraspecific_names"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Legitimate infraspecific names</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legitimate_infraspecific_names-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Specifying_authors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specifying_authors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Specifying authors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Specifying_authors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Difference_from_zoology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Difference_from_zoology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Difference from zoology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Difference_from_zoology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultivated_plants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultivated_plants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Cultivated plants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultivated_plants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span 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mw-first-heading">Infraspecific name: Difference between revisions</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 12 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-12" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">12 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infraspesifieke_naam" title="Infraspesifieke naam – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Infraspesifieke naam" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%B5_(%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8)" title="इन्फ्राप्रजाति नाँव (बनस्पति बिज्ञान) – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="इन्फ्राप्रजाति नाँव (बनस्पति बिज्ञान)" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A0xon_infraespec%C3%ADfic" title="Tàxon infraespecífic – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tàxon infraespecífic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%C4%95%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Тĕсрен аяларах ранг – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тĕсрен аяларах ранг" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax%C3%B3n_infraespec%C3%ADfico" title="Taxón infraespecífico – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Taxón infraespecífico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxon_infrasp%C3%A9cifique" title="Taxon infraspécifique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Taxon infraspécifique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inpraespesipiko_a_nagan_(botanika)" title="Inpraespesipiko a nagan (botanika) – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Inpraespesipiko a nagan (botanika)" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nama_infraspesifik" title="Nama infraspesifik – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Nama infraspesifik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infraspecifieke_naam" title="Infraspecifieke naam – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Infraspecifieke naam" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1xon_infraespec%C3%ADfica" title="Táxon infraespecífica – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Táxon infraespecífica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Инфравидовые ранги – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Инфравидовые ранги" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li 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diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" class="diff-otitle diff-side-deleted"><div id="mw-diff-otitle1"><strong><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infraspecific_name&oldid=700951742" title="Infraspecific name">Revision as of 16:32, 21 January 2016</a> <span class="mw-diff-edit"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infraspecific_name&action=edit&oldid=700951742" title="Infraspecific name">edit</a></span><span class="mw-diff-timestamp" data-timestamp="2016-01-21T16:32:38Z"></span></strong></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle2"><a href="/wiki/User:Peter_coxhead" class="mw-userlink" title="User:Peter coxhead" data-mw-revid="700951742"><bdi>Peter coxhead</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Peter_coxhead" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:Peter coxhead">talk</a> | <a 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It allows adding a reason in the summary.">undo</a></span></strong></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle2"><a href="/wiki/User:BG19bot" class="mw-userlink" title="User:BG19bot" data-mw-revid="701059525"><bdi>BG19bot</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:BG19bot" class="mw-redirect mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:BG19bot">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/BG19bot" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/BG19bot">contribs</a>)</span><div class="mw-diff-usermetadata"><div class="mw-diff-userroles"></div><div class="mw-diff-usereditcount"><span>1,005,055</span> edits</div></div></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle3"><abbr class="minoredit" title="This is a minor edit">m</abbr> <span class="comment comment--without-parentheses"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:CHECKWIKI" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:CHECKWIKI">WP:CHECKWIKI</a> error fix for #64. Do <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:GENFIXES" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:GENFIXES">general fixes</a> if a problem exists. - using <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AWB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:AWB">AWB</a> (11800)</span></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle5"></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle4"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Infraspecific_name&diff=next&oldid=701059525" title="Infraspecific name" id="differences-nextlink">Next edit →</a></div></td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>{{About|the scientific names of plants and fungi|the equivalent naming of animals|Trinomen|the names of cultivated plants|International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>{{About|the scientific names of plants and fungi|the equivalent naming of animals|Trinomen|the names of cultivated plants|International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>In [[botany]], an '''infraspecific name''' is the [[scientific name]] for any [[taxon]] below the [[rank (taxonomy)|rank]] of [[species (biology)|species]], i.e. an '''infraspecific taxon'''. (A "taxon", plural "taxa", is a group of organisms to be given a particular name.) The scientific names of botanical taxa are regulated by the [[International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">|</del>''<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants'']]</del> (ICN).<ref name=icb>{{Harvnb|McNeill|2006}}</ref> This specifies a 'three part name' for infraspecific taxa, plus a 'connecting term' to indicate the rank of the name.<ref name=icb24>{{Harvnb|McNeill|2006}}, Art. 24</ref> An example of such a name is ''Astrophytum myriostigma'' subvar. ''glabrum'', the name of a subvariety of the species ''[[Astrophytum myriostigma]]'' (bishop's hat cactus).</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>In [[botany]], an '''infraspecific name''' is the [[scientific name]] for any [[taxon]] below the [[rank (taxonomy)|rank]] of [[species (biology)|species]], i.e. an '''infraspecific taxon'''. (A "taxon", plural "taxa", is a group of organisms to be given a particular name.) The scientific names of botanical taxa are regulated by the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''</ins>[[International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]]</ins>'' (ICN).<ref name=icb>{{Harvnb|McNeill|2006}}</ref> This specifies a 'three part name' for infraspecific taxa, plus a 'connecting term' to indicate the rank of the name.<ref name=icb24>{{Harvnb|McNeill|2006}}, Art. 24</ref> An example of such a name is ''Astrophytum myriostigma'' subvar. ''glabrum'', the name of a subvariety of the species ''[[Astrophytum myriostigma]]'' (bishop's hat cactus).</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>Names below the rank of species of cultivated varieties of plants and of animals are regulated by different codes of nomenclature and are formed somewhat differently.</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>Names below the rank of species of cultivated varieties of plants and of animals are regulated by different codes of nomenclature and are formed somewhat differently.</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 72:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 72:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>* {{Citation |year=2006 |editor-last=McNeill |editor-first=J. |displayeditors=etal |title=International code of botanical nomenclature (Vienna Code) adopted by the seventeenth International Botanical Congress, Vienna, Austria, July 2005 |edition=electronic |publication-place=Vienna |publisher=International Association for Plant Taxonomy |url=http://ibot.sav.sk/icbn/main.htm |accessdate=2011-02-20 |lastauthoramp=yes |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20121006231936/http://ibot.sav.sk/icbn/main.htm|archivedate=6 October 2012}} ({{As of|2012|October}}, this is the latest edition of the ''ICN'' available online.)</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>* {{Citation |year=2006 |editor-last=McNeill |editor-first=J. |displayeditors=etal |title=International code of botanical nomenclature (Vienna Code) adopted by the seventeenth International Botanical Congress, Vienna, Austria, July 2005 |edition=electronic |publication-place=Vienna |publisher=International Association for Plant Taxonomy |url=http://ibot.sav.sk/icbn/main.htm |accessdate=2011-02-20 |lastauthoramp=yes |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20121006231936/http://ibot.sav.sk/icbn/main.htm|archivedate=6 October 2012}} ({{As of|2012|October}}, this is the latest edition of the ''ICN'' available online.)</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>{{<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">-</del>}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>{{<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Clear</ins>}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>{{Taxonomic ranks}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>{{Taxonomic ranks}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> </table><hr class='diff-hr' id='mw-oldid' /> <h2 class='diff-currentversion-title'>Revision as of 06:56, 22 January 2016</h2> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the scientific names of plants and fungi. For the equivalent naming of animals, see <a href="/wiki/Trinomen" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinomen">Trinomen</a>. For the names of cultivated plants, see <a href="/wiki/International_Code_of_Nomenclature_for_Cultivated_Plants" title="International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants">International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants</a>.</div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Botany" title="Botany">botany</a>, an <b>infraspecific name</b> is the <a href="/wiki/Scientific_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific name">scientific name</a> for any <a href="/wiki/Taxon" title="Taxon">taxon</a> below the <a href="/wiki/Rank_(taxonomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rank (taxonomy)">rank</a> of <a href="/wiki/Species_(biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Species (biology)">species</a>, i.e. an <b>infraspecific taxon</b>. (A "taxon", plural "taxa", is a group of organisms to be given a particular name.) The scientific names of botanical taxa are regulated by the <i><a href="/wiki/International_Code_of_Nomenclature_for_algae,_fungi,_and_plants" title="International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants">International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants</a></i> (ICN).<sup id="cite_ref-icb_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-icb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This specifies a 'three part name' for infraspecific taxa, plus a 'connecting term' to indicate the rank of the name.<sup id="cite_ref-icb24_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-icb24-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An example of such a name is <i>Astrophytum myriostigma</i> subvar. <i>glabrum</i>, the name of a subvariety of the species <i><a href="/wiki/Astrophytum_myriostigma" title="Astrophytum myriostigma">Astrophytum myriostigma</a></i> (bishop's hat cactus). </p><p>Names below the rank of species of cultivated varieties of plants and of animals are regulated by different codes of nomenclature and are formed somewhat differently. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Construction_of_infraspecific_names">Construction of infraspecific names</h2></div> <p>Article 24 of the ICN describes how infraspecific names are constructed.<sup id="cite_ref-icb24_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-icb24-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The order of the three parts of an infraspecific name is: </p> <dl><dd>genus name, specific epithet, connecting term indicating the rank (not part of the name, but required), infraspecific epithet.</dd></dl> <p>It is customary to italicize all three parts of such a name, but not the connecting term.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example: </p> <ul><li><i>Acanthocalycium klimpelianum</i> var. <i>macranthum</i></li></ul> <dl><dd>genus name = <i>Acanthocalycium</i>, specific epithet = <i>klimpelianum</i>, connecting term = var. (short for "varietas" or variety), infraspecific epithet = <i>macranthum</i></dd></dl> <ul><li><i>Astrophytum myriostigma</i> subvar. <i>glabrum</i></li></ul> <dl><dd>genus name = <i>Astrophytum</i>, specific epithet = <i>myriostigma</i>, connecting term = subvar. (short for "subvarietas" or subvariety), infraspecific epithet = <i>glabrum</i></dd></dl> <p>The ranks below species explicitly allowed in the <i>ICN</i> are:<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subspecies" title="Subspecies">subspecies</a> - recommended abbreviation: subsp. (but "ssp." is also in use although not recognised by Art 26)</li> <li>varietas (<a href="/wiki/Variety_(botany)" title="Variety (botany)">variety</a>) - recommended abbreviation: var.</li> <li>subvarietas (<a href="/wiki/Subvariety" class="mw-disambig" title="Subvariety">subvariety</a>) - recommended abbreviation: subvar.</li> <li>forma (<a href="/wiki/Form_(botany)" title="Form (botany)">form</a>) - recommended abbreviation: f.</li> <li>subforma (subform) - recommended abbreviation: subf.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Abbreviation_of_infraspecific_names">Abbreviation of infraspecific names</h2></div> <p>Like specific epithets, infraspecific epithets cannot be used in isolation as names.<sup id="cite_ref-icbn241_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-icbn241-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus the name of a particular species of <i>Acanthocalycium</i> is <i>Acanthocalycium klimpelianum</i>, which can be abbreviated to <i>A. klimpelianum</i> where the context makes the genus clear. The species cannot be referred to as just <i>klimpelianum</i>. In the same way, the name of a particular variety of <i>Acanthocalycium klimpelianum</i> is <i>Acanthocalycium klimpelianum</i> var. <i>macranthum</i>, which can be abbreviated to <i>A. k.</i> var. <i>macranthum</i> where the context makes the species clear. The variety cannot be referred to as just <i>macranthum</i>. </p><p>Sometimes more than three parts will be given; strictly speaking, this is not a name, but a <a href="/wiki/Scientific_classification" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific classification">classification</a>. The ICN gives the example of <i>Saxifraga aizoon</i> var. <i>aizoon</i> subvar. <i>brevifolia</i> f. <i>multicaulis</i> subf. <i>surculosa</i>; the name of the subform would be <i>Saxifraga aizoon</i> subf. <i>surculosa</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legitimate_infraspecific_names">Legitimate infraspecific names</h2></div> <p>For a proposed infraspecific name to be legitimate it must be in accordance with all the rules of the ICN.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only some of the main points are described here. </p><p>A key concept in botanical names is that of a <a href="/wiki/Type_(biology)" title="Type (biology)">type</a>. In many cases the type will be a particular preserved specimen stored in a <a href="/wiki/Herbarium" title="Herbarium">herbarium</a>, although there are other kinds of type. Like other names, an infraspecific name is attached to a type. Whether a plant should be given a particular infraspecific name can then be decided by comparing it to the type.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is no requirement for a species to be divided into infraspecific taxa, of whatever rank; in other words, a species does not have to have subspecies, varieties, forms, etc. However, if infraspecific ranks are created, then the name of the type of the species must repeat the specific epithet as its infraspecific epithet. The type acquires this name automatically as soon as any infraspecific rank is created.<sup id="cite_ref-icbn26_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-icbn26-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As an example, consider <i><a href="/wiki/Poa_secunda" title="Poa secunda">Poa secunda</a></i> <small>J.Presl</small>, whose type specimen is in the Wisconsin State Herbarium.<sup id="cite_ref-wsh_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsh-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>As soon as a subspecies of <i>Poa secunda</i> was created, then the type specimen of <i>P. secunda</i> immediately became the type specimen of <i>Poa secunda</i> subsp. <i>secunda</i>. The name "<i>Poa secunda</i> subsp. <i>secunda</i>" was automatically created (it is an "autonym"). Soreng created the subspecies <i>Poa secunda</i> subsp. <i>juncifolia</i> (whose type specimen is also in the Wisconsin State Herbarium),<sup id="cite_ref-wsh_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsh-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> thereby making the type specimen of <i>P. secunda</i> also the type specimen of <i>Poa secunda</i> subsp. <i>secunda</i>.</li> <li>If in addition to the subspecies any variety of <i>Poa secunda</i> were to be created, then the type specimen of <i>P. secunda</i> would automatically become the type specimen of <i>Poa secunda</i> var. <i>secunda</i>. The type specimen would then have the classification <i>Poa secunda</i> subsp. <i>secunda</i> var. <i>secunda</i>.</li></ul> <p>The same epithet can be used again within a species, at whatever level, only if the names with the re-used epithet are attached to the same type.<sup id="cite_ref-icbn26_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-icbn26-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus there can be a form called <i>Poa secunda</i> f. <i>juncifolia</i> as well as the subspecies <i>Poa secunda</i> subsp. <i>juncifolia</i> if, and only if, the type specimen of <i>Poa secunda</i> f. <i>juncifolia</i> is the same as the type specimen of <i>Poa secunda</i> subsp. <i>juncifolia</i> (in other words, if there is a single type specimen whose classification is <i>Poa secunda</i> subsp. <i>juncifolia</i> f. <i>juncifolia</i>). </p><p>If two infraspecific taxa which have different types are accidentally given the same epithet, then a <a href="/wiki/Homonym_(biology)" title="Homonym (biology)">homonym</a> has been created. The earliest published name is the legitimate one and the other must be changed.<sup id="cite_ref-icbn26_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-icbn26-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Specifying_authors">Specifying authors</h2></div> <p>When indicating authors for infraspecific names, it is possible to show either just the author(s) of the final, infraspecific epithet, or the authors of both the specific and the infraspecific epithets.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Examples: </p> <ul><li><i>Adenia aculeata</i> subsp. <i>inermis</i> de Wilde</li></ul> <dl><dd>This identifies de Wilde as the author who published this name for the subspecies (i.e. who created the epithet <i>inermis</i>). Note that here it was decided not to indicate authority for the species.</dd></dl> <ul><li><i>Pinus nigra</i> J.F.Arnold subsp. <i>salzmannii</i> (Dunal) Franco</li></ul> <dl><dd>Here, J.F.Arnold is the author who gave the species, <a href="/wiki/European_black_pine" class="mw-redirect" title="European black pine">European black pine</a>, its botanical name <i>Pinus nigra</i>; Dunal is the author who was the first to publish the epithet <i>salzmanii</i> for this taxon (as the species <i>Pinus salzmanii</i>); Franco is the author who reduced the taxon to a subspecies of <i>Pinus nigra</i>.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Difference_from_zoology">Difference from zoology</h2></div> <p>In zoology, names of taxa below species rank are formed somewhat differently, using a <a href="/wiki/Trinomen" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinomen">trinomen</a> or 'trinomial name'. No connecting term is required as there is only one rank below species, the <a href="/wiki/Subspecies" title="Subspecies">subspecies</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultivated_plants">Cultivated plants</h2></div> <p>The <i>ICN</i> does not regulate the names of cultivated plants, of <a href="/wiki/Cultivar" title="Cultivar">cultivars</a>, i.e. plants specifically created for use in agriculture or horticulture. Such names are regulated by the <i><a href="/wiki/International_Code_of_Nomenclature_for_Cultivated_Plants" title="International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants">International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants</a></i> (ICNCP). </p><p>Although logically below the rank of species (and hence "infraspecific"), a <a href="/wiki/Cultivar" title="Cultivar">cultivar</a> name may be attached to any scientific name at the genus level or below. The minimum requirement is to specify a genus name.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, <i>Achillea</i> 'Cerise Queen' is a cultivar; <i>Pinus nigra</i> 'Arnold Sentinel' is a cultivar of the species <i>P. nigra</i> (which is propagated vegetatively, by <a href="/wiki/Cloning" title="Cloning">cloning</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature" title="International Code of Zoological Nomenclature">International Code of Zoological Nomenclature</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/International_Code_of_Nomenclature_for_Cultivated_Plants" title="International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants">International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultivar" title="Cultivar">Cultivar</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Forma_specialis" title="Forma specialis">Forma specialis</a></i>, an informal naming system for parasites that is included in the botanical code of nomenclature</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathovar" title="Pathovar">Pathovar</a>, a system for naming parasitic bacteria</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-icb-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-icb_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcNeill2006">McNeill 2006</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-icb24-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-icb24_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-icb24_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcNeill2006">McNeill 2006</a>, Art. 24</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See the examples in <a href="#CITEREFMcNeill2006">McNeill 2006</a>, Art. 24</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcNeill2006">McNeill 2006</a>, Art. 4; abbreviations from Recommendation 5A</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-icbn241-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-icbn241_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcNeill2006">McNeill 2006</a>, Art. 24.1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcNeill2006">McNeill 2006</a>, Art. 24.1, Ex. 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcNeill2006">McNeill 2006</a>, Appendix VII Glossary of terms used and defined in this Code, entry for "legitimate"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcNeill2006">McNeill 2006</a>, Art. 7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-icbn26-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-icbn26_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-icbn26_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-icbn26_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcNeill2006">McNeill 2006</a>, Art. 26 <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr">Cite error: The named reference "icbn26" was defined multiple times with different content (see the <a href="/wiki/Help:Cite_errors/Cite_error_references_duplicate_key" title="Help:Cite errors/Cite error references duplicate key">help page</a>).</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wsh-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wsh_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wsh_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.botany.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/searchspecimen.cgi?typeSpecimen=1"><i>Wisconsin Botanical Information System: Type Specimens</i></a>, Wisconsin State Herbarium, University of Wisconsin<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-06-01</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wisconsin+Botanical+Information+System%3A+Type+Specimens&rft.pub=Wisconsin+State+Herbarium%2C+University+of+Wisconsin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.botany.wisc.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fsearchspecimen.cgi%3FtypeSpecimen%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInfraspecific+name" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrickell,_C.D.;_Alexander,_C.;_David,_J.C.;_Hetterscheid,_W.L.A.;_Leslie,_A.C.;_Malecot,_V.;_Jin,_X.;_Editorial_committee;_Cubey,_J.J.2009" class="citation book cs1">Brickell, C.D.; Alexander, C.; David, J.C.; Hetterscheid, W.L.A.; Leslie, A.C.; Malecot, V.; Jin, X.; Editorial committee; Cubey, J.J. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.actahort.org/chronica/pdf/sh_10.pdf"><i>International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP or Cultivated Plant Code) incorporating the Rules and Recommendations for naming plants in cultivation, Eighth Edition, Adopted by the International Union of Biological Sciences International Commission for the Nomenclature of Cultivated Plants</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. International Association for Plant Taxonomy and International Society for Horticultural Science.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Code+of+Nomenclature+for+Cultivated+Plants+%28ICNCP+or+Cultivated+Plant+Code%29+incorporating+the+Rules+and+Recommendations+for+naming+plants+in+cultivation%2C+Eighth+Edition%2C+Adopted+by+the+International+Union+of+Biological+Sciences+International+Commission+for+the+Nomenclature+of+Cultivated+Plants&rft.pub=International+Association+for+Plant+Taxonomy+and+International+Society+for+Horticultural+Science&rft.date=2009&rft.au=Brickell%2C+C.D.%3B+Alexander%2C+C.%3B+David%2C+J.C.%3B+Hetterscheid%2C+W.L.A.%3B+Leslie%2C+A.C.%3B+Malecot%2C+V.%3B+Jin%2C+X.%3B+Editorial+committee%3B+Cubey%2C+J.J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.actahort.org%2Fchronica%2Fpdf%2Fsh_10.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInfraspecific+name" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcNeill2006" class="citation cs2">McNeill, J., ed. (2006), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20121006231936/http://ibot.sav.sk/icbn/main.htm"><i>International code of botanical nomenclature (Vienna Code) adopted by the seventeenth International Botanical Congress, Vienna, Austria, July 2005</i></a> (electronic ed.), Vienna: International Association for Plant Taxonomy, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ibot.sav.sk/icbn/main.htm">the original</a> on 6 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-02-20</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+code+of+botanical+nomenclature+%28Vienna+Code%29+adopted+by+the+seventeenth+International+Botanical+Congress%2C+Vienna%2C+Austria%2C+July+2005&rft.place=Vienna&rft.edition=electronic&rft.pub=International+Association+for+Plant+Taxonomy&rft.date=2006&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fibot.sav.sk%2Ficbn%2Fmain.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInfraspecific+name" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|displayeditors=</code> ignored (<code class="cs1-code">|display-editors=</code> suggested) (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored_suggest" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|lastauthoramp=</code> ignored (<code class="cs1-code">|name-list-style=</code> suggested) (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored_suggest" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span> (As of October 2012<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Infraspecific_name&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, this is the latest edition of the <i>ICN</i> available online.)</li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li 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<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Realm_(virology)" title="Realm (virology)">Realm (<abbr title="virology">vir.</abbr>)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Realm_(virology)" title="Realm (virology)">Subrealm (<abbr title="virology">vir.</abbr>)</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domain_(biology)" title="Domain (biology)"><strong>Domain</strong>/Superkingdom</a></li> <li><strong><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_(biology)" title="Kingdom (biology)">Kingdom</a></strong></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_(biology)" title="Kingdom (biology)">Subkingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_(biology)" title="Kingdom (biology)">Infrakingdom/Branch</a></li></ul> </td> <td style="padding-top: 1.75em; width: 11%;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phylum" title="Phylum">Superphylum</a>/<i><a href="/wiki/Division_(taxonomy)" title="Division (taxonomy)">Superdivision (<abbr title="botany">bot.</abbr>)</a></i></li> <li><strong><a href="/wiki/Phylum" title="Phylum">Phylum</a></strong>/<strong><i><a href="/wiki/Division_(taxonomy)" title="Division (taxonomy)">Division (<abbr title="botany">bot.</abbr>)</a></i></strong></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subphylum" title="Subphylum">Subphylum</a>/<a href="/wiki/Division_(taxonomy)" title="Division (taxonomy)">Subdivision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subphylum" title="Subphylum">Infraphylum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subphylum" title="Subphylum">Microphylum</a></li></ul> </td> <td style="padding-top: 1.75em; width: 11%;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Class_(biology)" title="Class (biology)">Superclass</a></li> <li><strong><a href="/wiki/Class_(biology)" title="Class (biology)">Class</a></strong></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_(biology)" title="Class (biology)">Subclass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_(biology)" title="Class (biology)">Infraclass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_(biology)" title="Class (biology)">Subterclass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_(biology)" title="Class (biology)">Parvclass</a></li></ul> </td> <td style="padding-top: 3.5em; width: 11%;"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Division_(taxonomy)" title="Division (taxonomy)">Division (<abbr title="zoology">zoo.</abbr>)</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legion_(taxonomy)" title="Legion (taxonomy)">Legion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cohort_(taxonomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cohort (taxonomy)">Cohort</a></li></ul> </td> <td style="width: 11%;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Order_(biology)" title="Order (biology)">Magnorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_(biology)" title="Order (biology)">Superorder</a></li> <li><strong><a href="/wiki/Order_(biology)" title="Order (biology)">Order</a></strong></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_(biology)" title="Order (biology)">Suborder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_(biology)" title="Order (biology)">Infraorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_(biology)" title="Order (biology)">Parvorder</a></li></ul> </td> <td style="width: 11%;"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Section_(biology)" title="Section (biology)">Section (<abbr title="zoology">zoo.</abbr>)</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superfamily_(taxonomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Superfamily (taxonomy)">Superfamily</a></li> <li><strong><a href="/wiki/Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology)">Family</a></strong></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subfamily" title="Subfamily">Subfamily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology)">Infrafamily</a></li></ul> </td> <td style="padding-top: 1.75em; width: 11%;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tribe_(biology)" title="Tribe (biology)">Supertribe</a></li> <li><strong><a href="/wiki/Tribe_(biology)" title="Tribe (biology)">Tribe</a></strong></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subtribe" title="Subtribe">Subtribe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribe_(biology)" title="Tribe (biology)">Infratribe</a></li></ul> </td> <td style="padding-top: 3.5em; width: 11%;"> <ul><li><strong><a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">Genus</a></strong></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subgenus" title="Subgenus">Subgenus</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Section_(botany)" title="Section (botany)">Section (<abbr title="botany">bot.</abbr>)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Series_(botany)" title="Series (botany)">Series (<abbr title="botany">bot.</abbr>)</a></i></li></ul> </td> <td style="padding-top: 1.75em; width: 11%;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Species_complex" title="Species complex">Species complex</a></li> <li><strong><a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">Species</a></strong></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subspecies" title="Subspecies">Subspecies</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Variety_(botany)" title="Variety (botany)">Variety (<abbr title="botany">bot.</abbr>)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Form_(botany)" title="Form (botany)">Form (<abbr title="botany">bot.</abbr>)</a></i></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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