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.infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251680060">.mw-parser-output .ib-court-case .infobox-image img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-court-case .infobox-above{font-style:italic;font-size:125%}.mw-parser-output .ib-court-case .infobox-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .ib-court-case .ib-court-case-red-header{background-color:red;color:white;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-court-case .ib-court-case-green-header{background-color:green;color:white;font-weight:bold}</style><table class="infobox scotus ib-court-case"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn">Ruiz v. Estelle</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Court</th><td class="infobox-data">United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Full case name</th><td class="infobox-data"><i> David Resendez Ruiz v. W.J. Estelle, Jr., Director, Texas Department of Corrections </i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Decided</th><td class="infobox-data">1980 (original report)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Citations</th><td class="infobox-data">503 F. Supp. 1265 (S.D. Tex. 1980), 550 F.2d 238</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Case history</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Prior action</th><td class="infobox-data">Handwritten petition filed by David Resendez Ruiz in 1972</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Subsequent actions</th><td class="infobox-data">Numerous consent decrees, appeals, and legal actions, culminating in a final judgment in 1992; further litigation related to compliance continued.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Related action</th><td class="infobox-data">Jones v. Bock (2007)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Court membership</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Judge sitting</th><td class="infobox-data">Judge William Justice</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Case opinions</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">118-page decision by Judge William Justice (Ruiz v. Estelle, 503 F.Supp. 1295)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Decision by</th><td class="infobox-data">Judge William Justice</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Keywords</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Prison conditions</li><li>Cruel and unusual punishment</li><li>Overcrowding</li><li>Healthcare</li><li>Abuse</li><li>Prison reform</li><li>Texas Department of Corrections</li><li>Prison Litigation Reform Act</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Ruiz v. Estelle</b></i>, 503 <a href="/wiki/F._Supp." class="mw-redirect" title="F. Supp.">F. Supp.</a> 1265 (S.D. Tex. 1980), filed in <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_Texas" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas">United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas</a>, eventually became the most far-reaching <a href="/wiki/Lawsuit" title="Lawsuit">lawsuit</a> on the conditions of <a href="/wiki/Prison" title="Prison">prison</a> incarceration in American history.<sup id="cite_ref-reynolds1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reynolds1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It began as a <a href="/wiki/Civil_action" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil action">civil action</a>, a handwritten petition filed against the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Department_of_Corrections" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas Department of Corrections">Texas Department of Corrections</a> (TDC) in 1972 by inmate <b>David Resendez Ruíz</b> alleging that the conditions of his incarceration, such as <a href="/wiki/Overcrowding" title="Overcrowding">overcrowding</a>, lack of access to health care, and abusive security practices, were a violation of his <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitutional rights">constitutional rights</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-reynolds1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reynolds1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1974, the petition was joined by seven other inmates and became a <a href="/wiki/Class_action_suit" class="mw-redirect" title="Class action suit">class action suit</a> known as <i>Ruiz v. Estelle</i>, 550 F.2d 238. The trial ended in 1979 with the ruling that the conditions of imprisonment within the TDC prison system constituted <a href="/wiki/Cruel_and_unusual_punishment" title="Cruel and unusual punishment">cruel and unusual punishment</a> in violation of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Constitution">United States Constitution</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the original report issued in 1980, a 118-page decision by <a href="/wiki/William_Wayne_Justice" title="William Wayne Justice">Judge William Justice</a> (<i>Ruiz v. Estelle</i>, 503 F.Supp. 1295).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The decision led to federal oversight of the system, with a prison construction boom and "sweeping reforms ... that fundamentally changed how Texas prisons operated."<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="David_Resendez_Ruíz"><span id="David_Resendez_Ru.C3.ADz"></span>David Resendez Ruíz</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruiz_v._Estelle&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: David Resendez Ruíz"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>David Resendez Ruíz was a <a href="/wiki/Mexican-American" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican-American">Mexican-American</a> from East <a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin, Texas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Perkinson253_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perkinson253-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Perkinson257_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perkinson257-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The son of migrant farmworkers and the youngest of 13 children, he got into trouble with the law from an early age; as a child he was arrested for fighting and shoplifting. After an arrest for a car theft, 12-year-old Ruíz received a sentence to serve time in <a href="/wiki/Gatesville_State_School" title="Gatesville State School">Gatesville State School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gatesville,_Texas" title="Gatesville, Texas">Gatesville</a>; he arrived for his first session in 1954.<sup id="cite_ref-Perkinson253_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perkinson253-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Gatesville he socialized with "hard core" state school students from Austin and <a href="/wiki/San_Antonio,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="San Antonio, Texas">San Antonio</a>. Ruíz had four sessions in Gatesville. After Ruíz left Gatesville for the final time, he turned 17, which made him an adult in the Texas penal system.<sup id="cite_ref-Perkinson254_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perkinson254-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After another car theft, he was sentenced to serve time in the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Department_of_Corrections" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas Department of Corrections">Texas Department of Corrections</a> (TDC). He initially was placed in <a href="/wiki/Huntsville,_Texas" title="Huntsville, Texas">Huntsville</a>; two weeks later he was assigned to the <a href="/wiki/Ramsey_Unit" title="Ramsey Unit">Ramsey Farm</a> in <a href="/wiki/Brazoria_County,_Texas" title="Brazoria County, Texas">Brazoria County, Texas</a>, where he worked in fields. In Ramsey, Ruíz attempted to kill an inmate who he believed was planning to have Ruíz killed;<sup id="cite_ref-Perkinson254_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perkinson254-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the stabbing injured but did not kill the prisoner. The prison authorities beat Ruíz as a punishment. During his confinement in Ramsey, Ruíz had also committed lesser infractions. His first adult sentence lasted seven years. After he left prison, Ruíz married a woman named Rose Marie and the two had a daughter together.<sup id="cite_ref-Perkinson255_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perkinson255-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Thirteen months after his release, in July 1968, Ruíz was again placed in the custody of the TDC; he said that he had "picked up the gun" because he had no education or trade skills to support himself and his family. He was then assigned to the <a href="/wiki/Eastham_Unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastham Unit">Eastham Unit</a> in <a href="/wiki/Houston_County,_Texas" title="Houston County, Texas">Houston County</a>, where he continued to work in fields. While at Eastham, Ruíz participated in a failed escape attempt.<sup id="cite_ref-Perkinson255_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perkinson255-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The warden of Eastham and <a href="/wiki/George_Beto" title="George Beto">George Beto</a>, the TDC director, escorted Ruíz back to prison. </p><p>After a week in the infirmary, Ruíz was placed in solitary confinement for 45 days; there he decided to become a prison activist.<sup id="cite_ref-Perkinson256_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perkinson256-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There, David Ruiz joined a group of "writ writers" and activists known as "Eight Hoe" under the leadership of Fred Cruz and his attorney Frances Jalet. Ruiz joined a wide social movement of prisoners who drew upon civil rights and labor resistance, as well as the sharp critique of the criminal justice by <a href="/wiki/Black_Power" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Power">Black Power</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Chicano_Movement" title="Chicano Movement">Chicano Movement</a>. After Ruíz left solitary confinement, he refused to work in the fields any longer and cut his Achilles tendon with a razor. Because of the self-inflicted injuries, Ruíz was no longer required to work, and he was sent to various correctional and medical facilities.<sup id="cite_ref-Perkinson257_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perkinson257-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ruíz had committed many disciplinary infractions, including the stabbing, the escape attempt, and the refusal to work, so he was sent to the <a href="/wiki/Wynne_Unit" title="Wynne Unit">Wynne Unit</a>, where he met Fred Cruz, a prisoner who filed successful lawsuits against the prison system. At the Wynne Unit, Ruíz, Cruz, and other prisoners worked together to file lawsuits against TDC.<sup id="cite_ref-Perkinson260_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perkinson260-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ruíz died while incarcerated in 2005 at a Texas prison hospital at the age of 63.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Subsequent_litigation">Subsequent litigation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruiz_v._Estelle&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Subsequent litigation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There followed a long period of further litigation in the form of <a href="/wiki/Consent_decree" title="Consent decree">consent decrees</a>, <a href="/wiki/Appeal" title="Appeal">appeals</a> and other legal actions, until a final judgment was rendered in 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-reynolds1_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reynolds1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But problems in enforcement continued, and in 1996 <a href="/wiki/U.S._Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Congress">U.S. Congress</a> enacted the <a href="/wiki/Prison_Litigation_Reform_Act" title="Prison Litigation Reform Act">Prison Litigation Reform Act</a> (PLRA) to address these issues as well as abuse of the prison litigation process.<sup id="cite_ref-reynolds2_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reynolds2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, in October 1997, the district court, still not satisfied with the compliance of the TDC, gave permission for continuing site visits by attorneys and experts for the inmate class, and this continued into 1999. In response to this, the TDC issued more than 450,000 pages of evidence and accepted 50 additional site visits.<sup id="cite_ref-reynolds2_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reynolds2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-reynolds4_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reynolds4-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2001, the court found that the TDC was in compliance on the issue of <a href="/wiki/Use_of_force" title="Use of force">use of force</a> against inmates and had adequate policies and procedures in place. However, the court continued to have issues with the "current and ongoing constitutional violations regarding administrative segregation [in] the conditions of confinement and the practice of using administrative segregation to house <a href="/wiki/Mentally_ill" class="mw-redirect" title="Mentally ill">mentally ill</a> inmates" that it found.<sup id="cite_ref-reynolds2_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reynolds2-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2007, in the consolidated case of <i><a href="/wiki/Jones_v._Bock" title="Jones v. Bock">Jones v. Bock</a></i> the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Supreme Court">U.S. Supreme Court</a>, in a unanimous decision, set forth limitations on the extent of prison litigation.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruiz_v._Estelle&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/32px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/48px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Flag_of_Texas.svg/64px-Flag_of_Texas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Texas" title="Portal:Texas">Texas portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Balance,_by_David.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/30px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/46px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/61px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="558" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Law" title="Portal:Law">Law portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trusty_system_(prison)" title="Trusty system (prison)">Trusty system</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gates_v._Collier" title="Gates v. 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Estelle, page 1"</a>. www.allbusiness.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 4,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+final+chapters+of+Ruiz+v.+Estelle%2C+page+1&rft.pub=www.allbusiness.com&rft.aulast=Reynolds&rft.aufirst=Carl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allbusiness.com%2Flegal%2F1078389-1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARuiz+v.+Estelle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLucko" class="citation web cs1">Lucko, Paul. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fpo65">"Handbook of Texas Online - Pope, Lawrence Chalmous"</a>. www.tshaonline.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 4,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Texas+Online+-+Pope%2C+Lawrence+Chalmous&rft.pub=www.tshaonline.org&rft.aulast=Lucko&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tshaonline.org%2Fhandbook%2Fonline%2Farticles%2Ffpo65&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARuiz+v.+Estelle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070227163912/http://www.ac.wwu.edu/~jimi/450/ruiz.pdf">"<i>Ruiz v. Estelle</i>, 503 F.Supp. 1295 (1980)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>PDF</i>. 1980. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ac.wwu.edu/~jimi/450/ruiz.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on February 27, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 4,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PDF&rft.atitle=Ruiz+v.+Estelle%2C+503+F.Supp.+1295+%281980%29&rft.date=1980&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ac.wwu.edu%2F~jimi%2F450%2Fruiz.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARuiz+v.+Estelle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://freerepublic.com/focus/news/696776/posts?page=2">"30-year Texas prison battle ends"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dallas_Morning_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Dallas Morning News">Dallas Morning News</a></i>. June 8, 2002.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dallas+Morning+News&rft.atitle=30-year+Texas+prison+battle+ends&rft.date=2002-06-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffreerepublic.com%2Ffocus%2Fnews%2F696776%2Fposts%3Fpage%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARuiz+v.+Estelle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCrouter2010" class="citation news cs1">Crouter, Mary (November 22, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.utexas.edu/2010/11/22/transforming-the-texas-prison-system">"Transforming the Texas prison system"</a>. <i>UTNews</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 22,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=UTNews&rft.atitle=Transforming+the+Texas+prison+system&rft.date=2010-11-22&rft.aulast=Crouter&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.utexas.edu%2F2010%2F11%2F22%2Ftransforming-the-texas-prison-system&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARuiz+v.+Estelle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Perkinson253-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Perkinson253_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Perkinson253_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Perkinson, Robert. <i><a href="/wiki/Texas_Tough:_The_Rise_of_America%27s_Prison_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas Tough: The Rise of America's Prison Empire">Texas Tough: The Rise of America's Prison Empire</a></i>. First Edition. <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan Books">Metropolitan Books</a>, 2010. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HOxmcfIopugC&pg=PA253">253</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8050-8069-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8050-8069-8">978-0-8050-8069-8</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Perkinson257-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Perkinson257_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Perkinson257_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Perkinson, Robert. <i><a href="/wiki/Texas_Tough:_The_Rise_of_America%27s_Prison_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas Tough: The Rise of America's Prison Empire">Texas Tough: The Rise of America's Prison Empire</a></i>. First Edition. <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan Books">Metropolitan Books</a>, 2010. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HOxmcfIopugC&pg=PA257">257</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8050-8069-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8050-8069-8">978-0-8050-8069-8</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Perkinson254-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Perkinson254_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Perkinson254_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Perkinson, Robert. <i><a href="/wiki/Texas_Tough:_The_Rise_of_America%27s_Prison_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas Tough: The Rise of America's Prison Empire">Texas Tough: The Rise of America's Prison Empire</a></i>. First Edition. <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan Books">Metropolitan Books</a>, 2010. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HOxmcfIopugC&pg=PA254">254</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8050-8069-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8050-8069-8">978-0-8050-8069-8</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Perkinson255-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Perkinson255_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Perkinson255_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Perkinson, Robert. <i><a href="/wiki/Texas_Tough:_The_Rise_of_America%27s_Prison_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas Tough: The Rise of America's Prison Empire">Texas Tough: The Rise of America's Prison Empire</a></i>. First Edition. <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan Books">Metropolitan Books</a>, 2010. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HOxmcfIopugC&pg=PA255">255</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8050-8069-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8050-8069-8">978-0-8050-8069-8</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Perkinson256-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Perkinson256_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Perkinson, Robert. <i><a href="/wiki/Texas_Tough:_The_Rise_of_America%27s_Prison_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas Tough: The Rise of America's Prison Empire">Texas Tough: The Rise of America's Prison Empire</a></i>. First Edition. <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan Books">Metropolitan Books</a>, 2010. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HOxmcfIopugC&pg=PA256">256</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8050-8069-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8050-8069-8">978-0-8050-8069-8</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Perkinson260-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Perkinson260_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Perkinson, Robert. <i><a href="/wiki/Texas_Tough:_The_Rise_of_America%27s_Prison_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Texas Tough: The Rise of America's Prison Empire">Texas Tough: The Rise of America's Prison Empire</a></i>. First Edition. <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan Books">Metropolitan Books</a>, 2010. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HOxmcfIopugC&pg=PA260">260</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8050-8069-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8050-8069-8">978-0-8050-8069-8</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/statesman/name/david-ruiz-obituary?pid=15674966">"David Ruiz Obituary (2005) Austin American-Statesman"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Legacy.com" title="Legacy.com">Legacy.com</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Legacy.com&rft.atitle=David+Ruiz+Obituary+%282005%29+Austin+American-Statesman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.legacy.com%2Fus%2Fobituaries%2Fstatesman%2Fname%2Fdavid-ruiz-obituary%3Fpid%3D15674966&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARuiz+v.+Estelle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-reynolds2-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-reynolds2_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-reynolds2_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-reynolds2_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFReynolds" class="citation web cs1">Reynolds, Carl. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allbusiness.com/legal/1078389-1.html">"The final chapters of Ruiz v. Estelle, page 2"</a>. www.allbusiness.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 4,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+final+chapters+of+Ruiz+v.+Estelle%2C+page+2&rft.pub=www.allbusiness.com&rft.aulast=Reynolds&rft.aufirst=Carl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allbusiness.com%2Flegal%2F1078389-1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARuiz+v.+Estelle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aclu.org/images/asset_upload_file79_25805.pdf">"Prison Litigation Reform Act"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>PDF</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 4,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PDF&rft.atitle=Prison+Litigation+Reform+Act&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aclu.org%2Fimages%2Fasset_upload_file79_25805.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARuiz+v.+Estelle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-reynolds4-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-reynolds4_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFReynolds" class="citation web cs1">Reynolds, Carl. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allbusiness.com/legal/1078389-1.html">"The final chapters of Ruiz v. Estelle, page 4"</a>. www.allbusiness.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 5,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+final+chapters+of+Ruiz+v.+Estelle%2C+page+4&rft.pub=www.allbusiness.com&rft.aulast=Reynolds&rft.aufirst=Carl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allbusiness.com%2Flegal%2F1078389-1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARuiz+v.+Estelle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/05-7058.ZS.html">"Jones v. Bock"</a>. www.law.cornell.edu<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 7,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jones+v.+Bock&rft.pub=www.law.cornell.edu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.law.cornell.edu%2Fsupct%2Fhtml%2F05-7058.ZS.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARuiz+v.+Estelle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWallace_Jr.2007" class="citation web cs1">Wallace Jr., Paul Starett (March 7, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.policyarchive.org/bitstream/handle/10207/4462/RS22617_20070306.pdf?sequence=1">"Supreme Court Decision in <i>Jones v. Bock</i>:Exhaustion Requirements under the Prison Litigation Reform Act"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>PDF</i>. CRS Report for Congress<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 7,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PDF&rft.atitle=Supreme+Court+Decision+in+Jones+v.+Bock%3AExhaustion+Requirements+under+the+Prison+Litigation+Reform+Act&rft.date=2007-03-07&rft.aulast=Wallace+Jr.&rft.aufirst=Paul+Starett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.policyarchive.org%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F10207%2F4462%2FRS22617_20070306.pdf%3Fsequence%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARuiz+v.+Estelle" class="Z3988"></span> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged April 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruiz_v._Estelle&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAlpertCrouchHuff1984" class="citation journal cs1">Alpert, Geoffrey P.; Crouch, Ben; Huff, C. Ronald (Winter 1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20877751">"Prison Reform by Judicial Decree: The Unintended Consequences of Ruiz V. Estelle"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Justice_System_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="The Justice System Journal">The Justice System Journal</a></i>. <b>9</b> (3). <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis,_Ltd." class="mw-redirect" title="Taylor & Francis, Ltd.">Taylor & Francis, Ltd.</a>: <span class="nowrap">291–</span>305. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20877751">20877751</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Justice+System+Journal&rft.atitle=Prison+Reform+by+Judicial+Decree%3A+The+Unintended+Consequences+of+Ruiz+V.+Estelle&rft.ssn=winter&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E291-%3C%2Fspan%3E305&rft.date=1984&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20877751%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Alpert&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey+P.&rft.au=Crouch%2C+Ben&rft.au=Huff%2C+C.+Ronald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20877751&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARuiz+v.+Estelle" class="Z3988"></span> - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/PRISON-REFORM-BY-JUDICIAL-DECREE%3A-THE-UNINTENDED-OF-Alpert-Crouch/885e14678240ccf0bd292fdeb4af2a30a281e7b4">Available at</a> <a href="/wiki/Semantic_Scholar" title="Semantic Scholar">Semantic Scholar</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/jusj9&div=28&id=&page=">and at</a> <a href="/wiki/HeinOnline" title="HeinOnline">HeinOnline</a></li> <li>Chase, Robert T. We Are Not Slaves: State Violence, Coerced Labor, and Prisoners' Rights in Postwar America (UNC, 2020).</li></ul> <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://uncpress.org/book/9781469653570/we-are-not-slaves/">https://uncpress.org/book/9781469653570/we-are-not-slaves/</a> </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMarquartCrouch1985" class="citation journal cs1">Marquart, James W.; Crouch, Ben (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3053421">"Judicial Reform and Prisoner Control: The Impact of Ruiz v. Estelle on a Texas Penitentiary"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Law_%26_Society_Review" title="Law & Society Review">Law & Society Review</a></i>. <b>19</b> (4). <a href="/wiki/Wiley_(publisher)" title="Wiley (publisher)">Wiley</a>: <span class="nowrap">557–</span>586. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3053421">10.2307/3053421</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3053421">3053421</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Law+%26+Society+Review&rft.atitle=Judicial+Reform+and+Prisoner+Control%3A+The+Impact+of+Ruiz+v.+Estelle+on+a+Texas+Penitentiary&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E557-%3C%2Fspan%3E586&rft.date=1985&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3053421&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3053421%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Marquart&rft.aufirst=James+W.&rft.au=Crouch%2C+Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3053421&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARuiz+v.+Estelle" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruiz_v._Estelle&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110728092559/http://www.texasafterviolence.org/transcript.mr.douglas.m.becker">"Interview with Douglas Becker, Attorney for the State in Ruiz v. Estelle"</a>. Texas After Violence Project. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.texasafterviolence.org/transcript.mr.douglas.m.becker">the original</a> on July 28, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview+with+Douglas+Becker%2C+Attorney+for+the+State+in+Ruiz+v.+Estelle.&rft.pub=Texas+After+Violence+Project&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.texasafterviolence.org%2Ftranscript.mr.douglas.m.becker&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARuiz+v.+Estelle" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLucko" class="citation web cs1">Lucko, Paul M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/jjp03">"Handbook of Texas Online - Prison System"</a>. www.tshaonline.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 5,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Texas+Online+-+Prison+System&rft.pub=www.tshaonline.org&rft.aulast=Lucko&rft.aufirst=Paul+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tshaonline.org%2Fhandbook%2Fonline%2Farticles%2Fjjp03&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARuiz+v.+Estelle" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWalker" class="citation web cs1">Walker, Donald R. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/jnc01">"Handbook of Texas Online - Convict Lease System"</a>. www.tshaonline.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 5,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Texas+Online+-+Convict+Lease+System&rft.pub=www.tshaonline.org&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Donald+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tshaonline.org%2Fhandbook%2Fonline%2Farticles%2Fjnc01&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARuiz+v.+Estelle" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCreson" class="citation web cs1">Creson, Dan L. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/smmun">"Handbook of Texas Online - Mental Health"</a>. www.tshaonline.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 5,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Texas+Online+-+Mental+Health&rft.pub=www.tshaonline.org&rft.aulast=Creson&rft.aufirst=Dan+L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tshaonline.org%2Fhandbook%2Fonline%2Farticles%2Fsmmun&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARuiz+v.+Estelle" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.laits.utexas.edu/txp_media/html/just/features/0505_01/ruiz.html">"Texas Politics - Cruel and Unusual Punishment -- Ruiz v. Estelle (1980)"</a>. www.laits.utexas.edu<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 7,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Texas+Politics+-+Cruel+and+Unusual+Punishment+--+Ruiz+v.+Estelle+%281980%29&rft.pub=www.laits.utexas.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.laits.utexas.edu%2Ftxp_media%2Fhtml%2Fjust%2Ffeatures%2F0505_01%2Fruiz.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARuiz+v.+Estelle" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lib.utexas.edu/taro/tslac/20132/tsl-20132.html">"Texas Department of Criminal Justice: An Inventory of Ruiz Litigation Administrative Files and Court Records at the Texas State Archives, 1966, 1978-1987, undated (bulk 1981-1983)"</a>. www.lib.utexas.edu<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 7,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Texas+Department+of+Criminal+Justice%3A+An+Inventory+of+Ruiz+Litigation+Administrative+Files+and+Court+Records+at+the+Texas+State+Archives%2C+1966%2C+1978-1987%2C+undated+%28bulk+1981-1983%29&rft.pub=www.lib.utexas.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lib.utexas.edu%2Ftaro%2Ftslac%2F20132%2Ftsl-20132.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARuiz+v.+Estelle" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tsl.state.tx.us/governors/modern/white-prisons.html">O.L. 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