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The franchise eventually was moved to [[Nashville]], where it was renamed the [[Tennessee Titans]], a [[National Football League]] (NFL) franchise. A member of the [[Cherokee Nation]] who originally made his fortune in the petroleum business, Adams was chairman and CEO of [[Adams Resources & Energy Inc.]], a wholesale supplier of oil and [[natural gas]]. He was instrumental in the founding and establishment of the former [[American Football League]] (AFL).<ref name=shakynl>{{cite magazine |url=http://si.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1134343/index.htm |magazine=Sports Illustrated |last=Maule |first=Tex |title=The shaky new league |date=January 25, 1960 |page=49 |access-date=January 23, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203092028/http://si.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1134343/index.htm |archive-date=February 3, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Adams became a charter AFL owner with the establishment of the [[Houston Oilers|Oilers]] (now the "Titans"). He was the senior owner (by duration) with his team, now in the National Football League, a few months ahead of [[Buffalo Bills]]' owner [[Ralph Wilson]]. Adams also was one of the owners of the [[Houston Mavericks]] of the [[American Basketball Association]] (ABA) and the owner of the second [[Nashville Kats]] franchise of the [[Arena Football League]] (AFL). He was elected to the American Football League Hall of Fame, an online site, but as of {{currentyear}} is not a member of the [[Pro Football Hall of Fame]], despite several nominations and an ongoing effort to make him such. Adams had many other business interests in the Houston area, including owning several [[Lincoln-Mercury]] automobile franchises. ==Early life== Born in [[Bartlesville, Oklahoma]] on January 3, 1923, Adams was the son of [[Boots Adams|K. S. "Boots" Adams]] and Blanch Keeler Adams. He was an enrolled member of the [[Cherokee Nation]] by virtue of his maternal line. Two of his great-grandmothers were Cherokee women who married European-American men: Nelson Carr and [[George B. Keeler]], who played roles in trade and oil in early Oklahoma. Keeler drilled the first commercial oil well, near the [[Caney River]].<ref name="examiner-enterprise.com">[http://www.examiner-enterprise.com/articles/2004/12/04/lifestyles_and_entertainment/c973.txt "History Museum receives generous gift"], ''Examiner-Enterprise'', November 20, 2004, accessed November 21, 2009</ref> Adams's father succeeded the founder [[Frank Phillips (oil industrialist)|Frank Phillips]] as president of [[Phillips Petroleum Company]] in 1939.<ref>''Phillips: The First 66 Years'', Oklahoma: Phillips Petroleum Company, 1983</ref> Adams's uncle [[W. W. Keeler|William Wayne Keeler]], CEO of Phillips Petroleum Company for years, was appointed [[Principal Chief of the Cherokee Nation]] by U.S. President [[Harry S. Truman]] in 1949 and served through 1971, when the Cherokee were allowed to hold their own elections. Keeler was then democratically elected and served until 1975.<ref name = Demand249>{{cite book | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=O2y0z41aNYYC&q=W.+W.+Keeler&pg=PA249 | title = Demanding the Cherokee Nation: Indian autonomy and American culture, 1830-1900 | page = 249 | first = Andrew | last = Denson | publisher = U of Nebraska Press | year = 2004 | isbn=978-0-8032-1726-3}}</ref> Adams's ancestors include other prominent Cherokee leaders.<ref name="examiner-enterprise.com"/> Adams graduated from [[Culver Military Academy]] in 1940 after [[Varsity letter|lettering]] in three sports. After a brief stint at [[Menlo College]], he transferred to the [[University of Kansas]] (KU), where he played briefly on the varsity football team as he completed an engineering degree. In his lone season on the [[Kansas Jayhawks football|Jayhawk football team]], he was a teammate of politician [[Bob Dole]].<ref>{{cite web|title=KU Football rosters 1940-1949|url=http://kuathletics.com/documents/2016/1/11//1940_49_Rosters.pdf?id=4066|website=KUAthletics.com|access-date=April 5, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180406040506/http://kuathletics.com/documents/2016/1/11//1940_49_Rosters.pdf?id=4066|archive-date=April 6, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Sports career in Houston== ===Early career in the American Football League=== Adams soon became interested in owning an NFL team. ===The Houston Oilers and the Astrodome=== Adams and the other AFL owners received a tremendous boost in credibility and net worth in 1966 with the merger of the AFL with and into the NFL. It was effective with the 1970 season. In 1968 Adams moved his team into the [[Astrodome]], which since 1965 had been the home of the [[Houston Astros]] of baseball's [[National League (baseball)|National League]] (incidentally, Adams was one of the original part-owners of the team for the 1962 season). <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.tshof.org/store/p5/____K.S._%22Bud%22_Adams_Jr..html | title=K.S. "Bud" Adams Jr }}</ref> ====Houston vs. Adams==== By the mid-1990s, several NFL teams had new stadiums built largely or entirely with public funding, and several more deals had been agreed to. These new venues featured amenities such as "club seating" and other potential revenue streams that were not part of the NFL's default revenue-sharing arrangements. Due to this, Adams began to lobby [[List of mayors of Houston|Mayor]] [[Bob Lanier (politician)|Bob Lanier]] for a new stadium. However, Lanier turned down the request almost out of hand. Lanier knew that Houstonians were not willing to spend money for a brand-new stadium less than a decade after helping pay for heavily renovating the Astrodome.<ref>[http://www.chron.com/CDA/archives/archive.mpl/1995_1292383/animosity-toward-adams-poll-indicates-oilers-boss.html Animosity toward Adams/Poll indicates Oilers' boss is own worst enemy]. "The Houston Chronicle". Retrieved May 17, 2012.</ref> Following this, Adams began negotiations with the city of [[Nashville, Tennessee]], and after the city approved plans to build what eventually became [[Nissan Stadium]], he announced the Oilers would move to Nashville by 1998. The backlash was swift and immediate in Houston, as fan interest quickly dried up, to the point radio broadcasts would fall from being broadcast statewide to only flagship station [[KTRH]] and some stations in Tennessee (and even then, KTRH would drop games midway through in favor of pregame shows for [[Houston Rockets]] ''preseason'' games), and attendance would completely implode to the point on-field discussions between coaches and players could be heard from the stands, with the nadir coming in the final home game on December 15, 1996, a 21–13 loss to the [[Cincinnati Bengals]] that saw a disastrous attendance of just 15,131, a total that wouldn't even sell out a Rockets game at [[Lakewood Church Central Campus|The Summit]]. Following this ordeal, the city, unwilling to endure this quagmire for another year, agreed to let Adams out of his lease a season early, and the team was officially gone from Houston. ==Sports career in Tennessee== ===Tennessee Oilers=== The move up of the relocation would prove a blessing and a curse for the vagabond Oilers, as the team now needed a temporary home until the Nashville stadium was completed in 1999. With little options in Tennessee proper to temporarily hold the team (an idea to use [[Neyland Stadium]] was quickly mooted as the colossal 104,000 seats would make sellouts near-impossible, and Adams refused to use [[Vanderbilt Stadium]] because it lacked both skyboxes and alcohol licenses and seated just over 41,000, not enough to meet NFL stadium standards), Adams thus decided to use [[Liberty Bowl Memorial Stadium]] in [[Memphis, Tennessee|Memphis]] for the following 2 seasons. Despite his intentions, the Memphis stay was an utter disaster for the team, as Memphis fans, spurned by previous failed efforts to gain a football team, refused a temporary option, especially for a team that would then leave to their biggest rival city, and Nashville fans balked at having to travel over 200 miles to see "their" team. As such, the team never came close to selling out any home games, barely able to crack 30,000 in the best of times. Despite the problems, Adams initially intended to stick it out. However, only one game, the finale against the Pittsburgh Steelers, attracted a larger crowd than could have been accommodated at Vanderbilt. Although 50,677 people showed up, the crowd appeared to be composed of at least half, and as many as three-fourths, Steeler fans, leading Adams to begrudingly move the franchise to Vanderbilt Stadium for 1998.<ref>Bouchette, Dan. [http://www.post-gazette.com/Steelers/20011029steele1029p3.asp Steelers-Oilers/Titans rivalry plays its final act in Pittsburgh under the Monday night spotlight]. [[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]], November 29, 2001.</ref> The Oilers had had a proud history in Houston, winning the first two AFL Championships, which were the city's first major league titles, and featuring [[American Football League Hall of Fame]] enshrinees and all-stars such as [[George Blanda]], [[Charlie Hennigan]], and [[Billy Cannon]]. Whatever the reasons, his wrenching of the storied franchise from Houston cost him the disdain not only of Houston supporters, but of AFL fans across the U. S. Adams fell further from their favor by taking legal action that prevents any Major League Professional Football team from ever using the nickname "Oilers". The NFL was an accessory to that action, which it interestingly supported, while it allowed the city of Cleveland to keep the nickname of the Cleveland Browns after that franchise was moved to Baltimore. Although Adams was already a member of the [[American Football League Hall of Fame]], his moving of the Oilers and invalidating their nickname caused AFL historian [[Angelo F. Coniglio]] to also place him in the "AFL Hall of Infamy". ===Tennessee Titans=== [[File:Budbird.jpg|thumb|Adams was fined $250,000 by the NFL for this act of displaying an obscene gesture at the Titans/[[Buffalo Bills|Bills]] game on November 15, 2009.]] On November 15, 2009, Adams was caught on video displaying an [[The Finger|obscene gesture]] towards the Buffalo bench after the Titans routed the Bills 41–14. Commissioner [[Roger Goodell]], who happened to be attending the game, fined him $250,000. Afterwards, Adams remarked "Oh, I knew I was going to get in trouble for that. I was just so happy we won."<ref>[https://www.espn.com/nfl/news/story?id=4661458 "Adams draws $250K fine from NFL"], ESPN News service, November 16, 2009, accessed November 21, 2009 </ref> ==Personal life== Adams was an enrolled member of the [[Cherokee Nation]]. He had served on the executive committee of the [[Cherokee National Historical Society]].<ref name="examiner-enterprise.com"/> He attended River Oaks Baptist Church in Houston. He and his wife Nancy Neville Adams were married for 62 years, until her death in February 2009 at the age of 84.<ref>{{Cite web | title = Nancy Adams dies at 84| work= Houston Chronicle | date= February 2, 2009 | access-date = February 2, 2009 | url = http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/sports/6242496.html }}</ref> They had two daughters, Susan and [[Amy Adams Strunk|Amy]], and a son, Kenneth S. Adams III, each of whom (and their children) are registered Cherokee. Kenneth III, who was married and had two children, died in June 1987 at the age of 29 from apparent suicide.<ref>[http://www.chron.com/CDA/archives/archive.mpl?id=1987_472311 "Son of Oilers' owner Bud Adams Jr. dead from gunshot wound in apparent suicide"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071222153611/http://www.chron.com/CDA/archives/archive.mpl?id=1987_472311 |date=December 22, 2007 }}, ''Houston Chronicle'', June 27, 1987, accessed February 3, 2009</ref> ===Death=== Adams died of natural causes at his home in [[Houston]] at age 90 in 2013. His body was found in his River Oaks home after police were called for a welfare check.<ref name="death">Associated Press (October 21, 2013) "[http://www.khou.com/sports/Titans-owner-Bud-Adams-passes-away-in-Houston-228637641.html Titans owner Bud Adams remembered as pioneer, innovator] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021205025/http://www.khou.com/sports/Titans-owner-Bud-Adams-passes-away-in-Houston-228637641.html |date=October 21, 2013 }}". khou.com. Retrieved May 1, 2014.</ref> At the time of his death, Adams's 409 wins were the most of any current [[NFL]] owner. He gained his 400th career victory in the [[2011 Tennessee Titans season|2011]] season finale when his Titans defeated the team which replaced his Oilers in Houston, the [[Houston Texans|Texans]]. His franchise made 21 playoff appearances in 53 seasons, eighth among NFL teams since 1960. In championship game appearances, his team reached the AFL Championship four times (1960–1962, 1967) and the AFC Championship Game four times (1978, 1979, 1999, 2002) with just one Super Bowl appearance (1999). ==See also== {{Portal|Biography}} * [[List of American Football League players]] ==References== {{reflist}} ==External links== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100821083834/http://www.titansonline.com/team/staff/ks-adams-jr/573ba27a-f17a-4a58-8c19-bdfbe456cc0b Tennessee Titans bio] {{Tennessee Titans}} {{Tennessee Titans owner navbox}} {{Tennessee Titans Ring of Honor}} {{Foolish Club}} {{Salute to Service Award winners}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Adams, Bud}} [[Category:1923 births]] [[Category:2013 deaths]] [[Category:Houston Mavericks coaches]] [[Category:Houston Oilers owners]] [[Category:Tennessee Titans owners]] [[Category:American Basketball Association executives]] [[Category:American Football League owners]] [[Category:Arena Football League executives]] 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