SP 800-218, Secure Software Development Framework (SSDF) Version 1.1: Recommendations for Mitigating the Risk of Software Vulnerabilities

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-us" xml:lang="en-us"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <title>SP 800-218, Secure Software Development Framework (SSDF) Version 1.1: Recommendations for Mitigating the Risk of Software Vulnerabilities | CSRC</title> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <meta http-equiv="content-style-type" content="text/css" /> <meta http-equiv="content-script-type" content="text/javascript" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <meta name="msapplication-config" content="/CSRC/Media/images/favicons/browserconfig.xml" /> <meta name="theme-color" content="#000000" /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="xbrnrVYDgLD-Bd64xHLCt4XsPXzUhQ-4lGMj4TdUUTA" /> <meta description="Few software development life cycle (SDLC) models explicitly address software security in detail, so secure software development practices usually need to be added to each SDLC model to ensure that the software being developed is well-secured. This document recommends the Secure Software Development Framework (SSDF) – a core set of high-level secure software development practices that can be integrated into each SDLC implementation. Following these practices should help software producers reduce the number of vulnerabilities in released software, mitigate the potential impact of the exploitation of undetected or unaddressed vulnerabilities, and address the root causes of vulnerabilities to prevent future recurrences. Because the framework provides a common vocabulary for secure software development, software purchasers and consumers can also use it to foster communications with suppliers in acquisition processes and other management activities." />  <meta name="dcterms.title" content="NIST Special Publication (SP) 800-218, Secure Software Development Framework (SSDF) Version 1.1: Recommendations for Mitigating the Risk of Software Vulnerabilities" /> <meta name="dcterms.description" content="Few software development life cycle (SDLC) models explicitly address software security in detail, so secure software development practices usually need to be added to each SDLC model to ensure that the software being developed is well-secured. This document recommends the Secure Software Development Framework (SSDF) – a core set of high-level secure software development practices that can be integrated into each SDLC implementation. Following these practices should help software producers reduce the number of vulnerabilities in released software, mitigate the potential impact of the exploitation of undetected or unaddressed vulnerabilities, and address the root causes of vulnerabilities to prevent future recurrences. Because the framework provides a common vocabulary for secure software development, software purchasers and consumers can also use it to foster communications with suppliers in acquisition processes and other management activities." />  <meta name="dcterms.creator" content="Author: Murugiah Souppaya (NIST)" /> <meta name="dcterms.creator" content="Author: Karen Scarfone (Scarfone Cybersecurity)" /> <meta name="dcterms.creator" content="Author: Donna Dodson" />  <meta name="dcterms.date.created" schema="ISO8601" content="2022-02-03" /> <meta name="dcterms.identifier" content="https://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/sp/800/218/final" /> <meta name="dcterms.language" scheme="DCTERMS.RFC1766" content="EN-US" />  <meta name="citation_title" content="Secure Software Development Framework (SSDF) Version 1.1: Recommendations for Mitigating the Risk of Software Vulnerabilities" /> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2022/02/03" /> <meta name="citation_doi" content="https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.800-218" /> <meta name="citation_technical_report_number" content="NIST Special Publication (SP) 800-218" /> <meta name="citation_technical_report_institution" content="National Institute of Standards and Technology" /> <meta name="citation_keywords" content="secure software development,Secure Software Development Framework (SSDF),secure software development practices,software acquisition,software development,software development life cycle (SDLC),software security" /> <meta name="citation_language" content="en" /> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.800-218" /> <meta name="citation_abstract_html_url" content="https://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/sp/800/218/final" />  <meta name="citation_author" content="Souppaya, Murugiah" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Scarfone, Karen" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Dodson, Donna" />  <meta name="og:site_name" content="CSRC | NIST" /> <meta name="og:type" content="article" /> <meta name="og:url" content="https://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/sp/800/218/final" /> <meta name="og:title" content="NIST Special Publication (SP) 800-218, Secure Software Development Framework (SSDF) Version 1.1: Recommendations for Mitigating the Risk of Software Vulnerabilities" /> <meta name="og:description" content="Few software development life cycle (SDLC) models explicitly address software security in detail, so secure software development practices usually need to be added to each SDLC model to ensure that the software being developed is well-secured. This document recommends the Secure Software Development Framework (SSDF) – a core set of high-level secure software development practices that can be integrated into each SDLC implementation. Following these practices should help software producers reduce the number of vulnerabilities in released software, mitigate the potential impact of the exploitation of undetected or unaddressed vulnerabilities, and address the root causes of vulnerabilities to prevent future recurrences. Because the framework provides a common vocabulary for secure software development, software purchasers and consumers can also use it to foster communications with suppliers in acquisition processes and other management activities." /> <meta name="article:author" content="Souppaya, Murugiah" /> <meta name="article:author" content="Scarfone, Karen" /> <meta name="article:author" content="Dodson, Donna" /> <meta name="article:tag" content="secure software development,Secure Software Development Framework (SSDF),secure software development practices,software acquisition,software development,software development life cycle (SDLC),software security" /> <meta name="article:published_time" content="2022-02-03" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/images/icons/apple-touch-icon.png" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/images/icons/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/images/icons/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16" /> <link rel="manifest" href="/images/icons/manifest.json" /> <link rel="mask-icon" href="/images/icons/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#000000" /> <link href="/CSRC/Media/images/favicons/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon" /> <link href="/CSRC/Media/images/favicons/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="icon" /> <link href="/dist/app.css" rel="stylesheet" />  <link href="/dist/highlight-js/github.css" rel="stylesheet" />  <link href="/dist/uswds/css/uswds.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="/dist/uswds/js/uswds-init.min.js"></script>  <style> .grecaptcha-badge { visibility: hidden; } </style> <script async type="text/javascript" id="_fed_an_ua_tag" src="https://dap.digitalgov.gov/Universal-Federated-Analytics-Min.js?agency=nist&subagency=csrc&pua=UA-66610693-15&yt=true&exts=xsd,xml,wav,mpg,mpeg,avi,rtf,webm,ogg,ogv,oga,map,otf,eot,svg,ttf,woff"></script> <style id="antiClickjackCss"> body > * { display: none !important; } #antiClickjack { display: block !important; } </style> <noscript> <style id="antiClickjackNoScript"> body > * { display: block !important; } #antiClickjack { display: none !important; } </style> </noscript> <script type="text/javascript" id="antiClickjackScript"> if (self === top) { // no clickjacking var antiClickjack = document.getElementById("antiClickjackCss"); antiClickjack.parentNode.removeChild(antiClickjack); } else { setTimeout(tryForward(), 5000); } function tryForward() { top.location = self.location; } </script>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-TSQ0PLGJZP"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-TSQ0PLGJZP'); </script>  <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MZQC4NCJ');</script>  </head> <body>  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-MZQC4NCJ" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>  <div id="antiClickjack" style="display: none;"> <strong style="font-size: 1.6rem;">You are viewing this page in an unauthorized frame window.</strong> <p>This is a potential security issue, you are being redirected to <a href="https://csrc.nist.gov">https://csrc.nist.gov</a>.</p> </div> <section class="usa-banner" aria-label="Official website of the United States government"> <div class="usa-accordion"> <header class="usa-banner__header"> <noscript> <p style="font-size: 0.85rem; font-weight: bold;">You have JavaScript disabled. 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class="social-facebook"><i class="fa fa-facebook fa-fw" aria-hidden="true"></i><span class="sr-only">Share to Facebook</span></a> <a href="https://x.com/share?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcsrc.nist.gov%2Fpubs%2Fsp%2F800%2F218%2Ffinal" class="social-twitter"><i class="fa-brands fa-x-twitter"></i><span class="sr-only">Share to X</span></a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcsrc.nist.gov%2Fpubs%2Fsp%2F800%2F218%2Ffinal&source=csrc.nist.gov" class="social-linked-in"><i class="fa fa-linkedin fa-fw" aria-hidden="true"></i><span class="sr-only">Share to LinkedIn</span></a> <a href="mailto:?subject=csrc.nist.gov&body=Check out this site https://csrc.nist.gov/pubs/sp/800/218/final" class="social-email"><i class="fa fa-envelope fa-fw" aria-hidden="true"></i><span class="sr-only">Share ia Email</span></a> </div> <p class="hidden-lg hidden-md">     <a href="#pubs-documentation" class="btn btn-lg btn-info" id="pub-topics-anchor-sm">Documentation</a>     <a href="#pubs-topics" class="btn btn-lg btn-info" id="pub-topics-anchor-sm">Topics</a> </p> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8 col-sm-12 publication-panel"> <p> <strong>Date Published:</strong> <span id="pub-release-date" data-date-type="citation">February 2022</span><br /> </p> <p> <strong>Supersedes:</strong> <span id="pub-supersedes-container" data-total="1"> <a href="/pubs/cswp/13/mitigating-risk-of-software-vulnerabilities-ssdf/final" id="pub-supersedes-0">CSWP 13 (04/23/2020)</a> </span><br /> </p> <h4>Author(s)</h4> <p id="pub-authors-container" data-total="3"> <span id="pub-author-0">Murugiah Souppaya (NIST)</span>, <span id="pub-author-1">Karen Scarfone (Scarfone Cybersecurity)</span>, <span id="pub-author-2">Donna Dodson</span> </p> <div class="bs-callout bs-callout-success pub-abstract-callout"> <h4 id="pubs-abstract-header">Abstract</h4> <div class="hidden-sm hidden-xs hidden-xxs" id="pub-detail-abstract-info">Few software development life cycle (SDLC) models explicitly address software security in detail, so secure software development practices usually need to be added to each SDLC model to ensure that the software being developed is well-secured. This document recommends the Secure Software Development Framework (SSDF) – a core set of high-level secure software development practices that can be integrated into each SDLC implementation. Following these practices should help software producers reduce the number of vulnerabilities in released software, mitigate the potential impact of the exploitation of undetected or unaddressed vulnerabilities, and address the root causes of vulnerabilities to prevent future recurrences. Because the framework provides a common vocabulary for secure software development, software purchasers and consumers can also use it to foster communications with suppliers in acquisition processes and other management activities.</div> <div class="hidden-lg hidden-md"> <div id="pub-detail-abstract-min"> Few software development life cycle (SDLC) models explicitly address software security in detail, so secure software development practices usually need to be added to each SDLC model to ensure that the software being developed is well-secured. This document recommends the Secure Software Development... <a href="#pubs-abstract-header" id="pub-detail-abs-show">See full abstract</a> </div> <div id="pub-detail-abstract-all" style="display: none;"> Few software development life cycle (SDLC) models explicitly address software security in detail, so secure software development practices usually need to be added to each SDLC model to ensure that the software being developed is well-secured. This document recommends the Secure Software Development Framework (SSDF) – a core set of high-level secure software development practices that can be integrated into each SDLC implementation. Following these practices should help software producers reduce the number of vulnerabilities in released software, mitigate the potential impact of the exploitation of undetected or unaddressed vulnerabilities, and address the root causes of vulnerabilities to prevent future recurrences. Because the framework provides a common vocabulary for secure software development, software purchasers and consumers can also use it to foster communications with suppliers in acquisition processes and other management activities.<br /> <a href="#pubs-abstract-header" id="pub-detail-abs-hide">Hide full abstract</a> </div> </div> <h4>Keywords</h4> <span id='pub-keywords-container' data-total='7'> <span id="pub-keyword-0">secure software development</span>; <span id="pub-keyword-1">Secure Software Development Framework (SSDF)</span>; <span id="pub-keyword-2">secure software development practices</span>; <span id="pub-keyword-3">software acquisition</span>; <span id="pub-keyword-4">software development</span>; <span id="pub-keyword-5">software development life cycle (SDLC)</span>; <span id="pub-keyword-6">software security</span> </span> </div> <h5>Control Families</h5> <p> <span id="pub-control-fam-container" data-total="0">None selected</span> </p> </div> <div class="col-md-4 col-sm-12"> <div class="bs-callout bs-callout-success" id="pubs-documentation"> <h4>Documentation</h4> <p> <strong>Publication:</strong><br /> <a href="https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.800-218" id="pub-doi-link"> <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i> https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.800-218 </a><br /> <a href="https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/SpecialPublications/NIST.SP.800-218.pdf" id="pub-local-download-link"> <i class="fa fa-download"></i> Download URL </a><br /> </p> <p> <strong>Supplemental Material:</strong><br /> <span id="pub-supp-container" data-total="6"> <a href="/files/pubs/sp/800/218/final/docs/sp800-218-potential-updates.xlsx" id="pub-supp-link-0"><i class="fa fa-file-excel-o"></i> Potential updates (xlsx)</a><br /> <a href="/files/pubs/sp/800/218/final/docs/nist.sp.800-218.ssdf-table.xlsx" id="pub-supp-link-1"><i class="fa fa-file-excel-o"></i> SP 800-218 Table in Excel (xlsx)</a><br /> <a href="/files/pubs/sp/800/218/final/docs/800-218-deltas-from-wp-to-final.docx" id="pub-supp-link-2"><i class="fa fa-file-word-o"></i> Delta from April 2020 paper (docx)</a><br /> <a href="/files/pubs/sp/800/218/final/docs/800-218-deltas-from-draft-to-final.docx" id="pub-supp-link-3"><i class="fa fa-file-word-o"></i> Delta from September 2021 public draft (docx)</a><br /> <a href="https://csrc.nist.gov/projects/ssdf" id="pub-supp-link-4"><i class="fa fa-file"></i> SSDF Project homepage </a><br /> <a href="https://www.nist.gov/itl/executive-order-improving-nations-cybersecurity" id="pub-supp-link-5"><i class="fa fa-file"></i> Executive Order 14028, Improving the Nation's Cybersecurity </a><br /> </span> </p> <p> <strong>Related NIST Publications:</strong><br /> <span id="pub-related-container" data-total="1"> <a href="/pubs/other/2022/02/04/software-supply-chain-security-guidance-eo-14028-s/final" id="pub-related-link-0">Other </a><br /> </span> </p> <p> <strong>Document History:</strong><br /> <span id="pub-history-container" data-total="2"> 09/30/21: <a href="/pubs/sp/800/218/ipd" id="pub-history-link-0" data-current-document='false'>SP 800-218 (Draft)</a><br /> 02/03/22: <span id="pub-history-link-1" data-current-document='true'>SP 800-218 (Final)</span><br /> </span> </p> </div> <div class="bs-callout bs-callout-danger" id="topicsCallout-lg"> <h4>Topics</h4> <strong id="pub-cat-0">Security and Privacy</strong> <p> <a id="pub-cat-top-0-0" href="/topics/security-and-privacy/cyber-supply-chain-risk-management">cybersecurity supply chain risk management</a>, <a id="pub-cat-top-0-1" href="/topics/security-and-privacy/risk-management/vulnerability-management">vulnerability management</a> </p> <strong id="pub-cat-1">Technologies</strong> <p> <a id="pub-cat-top-1-0" href="/topics/technologies/software-firmware">software & firmware</a> </p> <strong id="pub-cat-2">Laws and Regulations</strong> <p> <a id="pub-cat-top-2-0" 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SP 800-218, Secure Software Development Framework (SSDF) Version 1.1: Recommendations for Mitigating the Risk of Software Vulnerabilities | CSRC