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</div> </a> <ul id="toc-Safety-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environmental_impacts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmental_impacts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Environmental impacts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environmental_impacts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_motor_vehicle_production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_motor_vehicle_production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>World motor vehicle production</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-World_motor_vehicle_production-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle World motor vehicle production subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-World_motor_vehicle_production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_year" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_year"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>By year</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_year-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_country" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_country"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>By country</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_country-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_manufacturer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_manufacturer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>By manufacturer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_manufacturer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Top_10_(2016–2020)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Top_10_(2016–2020)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.1</span> <span>Top 10 (2016–2020)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Top_10_(2016–2020)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Top_20_(2012–2013)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Top_20_(2012–2013)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.2</span> <span>Top 20 (2012–2013)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Top_20_(2012–2013)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_company_relationships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_company_relationships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notable company relationships</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_company_relationships-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable company relationships subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_company_relationships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Stake_holding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stake_holding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Stake holding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stake_holding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Joint_ventures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Joint_ventures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Joint ventures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Joint_ventures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-China_joint_venture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China_joint_venture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.1</span> <span>China joint venture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China_joint_venture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Outside_China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Outside_China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.2</span> <span>Outside China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Outside_China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Automotive industry</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 61 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-61" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">61 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="صناعة المركبات – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="صناعة المركبات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industria_automotriz" title="Industria automotriz – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Industria automotriz" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avtomobil_s%C9%99nayesi" title="Avtomobil sənayesi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Avtomobil sənayesi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA" title="মোটরগাড়ি শিল্প – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মোটরগাড়ি শিল্প" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C5%AB-t%C5%8Dng-chhia_s%C3%A1n-gia%CC%8Dp" title="Chū-tōng-chhia sán-gia̍p – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chū-tōng-chhia sán-gia̍p" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%9E%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Аўтамабільная прамысловасць – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Аўтамабільная прамысловасць" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Автомобилна промишленост – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Автомобилна промишленост" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ind%C3%BAstria_automotriu" title="Indústria automotriu – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Indústria automotriu" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobilov%C3%BD_pr%C5%AFmysl" title="Automobilový průmysl – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Automobilový průmysl" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diwydiant_ceir" title="Diwydiant ceir – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Diwydiant ceir" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilindustri" title="Bilindustri – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bilindustri" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobilindustrie" title="Automobilindustrie – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Automobilindustrie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autot%C3%B6%C3%B6stus" title="Autotööstus – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Autotööstus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%85%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B7%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Αυτοκινητοβιομηχανία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αυτοκινητοβιομηχανία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industria_automotriz" title="Industria automotriz – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Industria automotriz" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C5%ADtomobila_industrio" title="Aŭtomobila industrio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Aŭtomobila industrio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobilgintza" title="Automobilgintza – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Automobilgintza" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%B9%D8%AA_%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="صنعت خودروسازی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="صنعت خودروسازی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Construction_automobile" title="Construction automobile – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Construction automobile" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EB%8F%99%EC%B0%A8_%EC%82%B0%EC%97%85" title="자동차 산업 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="자동차 산업" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%BE%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%B8%D5%A2%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Ավտոմոբիլաշինություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ավտոմոբիլաշինություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97" title="मोटर वाहन उद्योग – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मोटर वाहन उद्योग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobilska_industrija" title="Automobilska industrija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Automobilska industrija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industri_otomotif" title="Industri otomotif – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Industri otomotif" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industria_automobilistica" title="Industria automobilistica – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Industria automobilistica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%99_%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%99_%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%91" title="יצרני כלי רכב – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יצרני כלי רכב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indhustri_otomotif" title="Indhustri otomotif – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Indhustri otomotif" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D3%A9%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B1%D1%96" title="Автомобиль өнеркәсібі – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Автомобиль өнеркәсібі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D3%A9%D0%BD%D3%A9%D1%80_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B" title="Автомобиль өнөр жайы – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Автомобиль өнөр жайы" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autob%C5%ABve" title="Autobūve – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Autobūve" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobili%C5%B3_gamintojas" title="Automobilių gamintojas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Automobilių gamintojas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aut%C3%B3gy%C3%A1rt%C3%A1s" title="Autógyártás – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Autógyártás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Автомобилска индустрија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Автомобилска индустрија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A9_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="ليستة شركات العربيات – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ليستة شركات العربيات" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industri_automotif" title="Industri automotif – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Industri automotif" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industri_otomotif" title="Industri otomotif – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Industri otomotif" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B0%D0%B6_%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B2%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Автомашины аж үйлдвэрлэл – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Автомашины аж үйлдвэрлэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auto-industrie" title="Auto-industrie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Auto-industrie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E5%8B%95%E8%BB%8A%E7%94%A3%E6%A5%AD" title="自動車産業 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="自動車産業" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avtomobil_sanoati" title="Avtomobil sanoati – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Avtomobil sanoati" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%90%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8F" title="យន្តសាស្រ្តរថយន្ត – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="យន្តសាស្រ្តរថយន្ត" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Przemys%C5%82_motoryzacyjny" title="Przemysł motoryzacyjny – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Przemysł motoryzacyjny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ind%C3%BAstria_automobil%C3%ADstica" title="Indústria automobilística – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Indústria automobilística" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industria_automobilistic%C4%83" title="Industria automobilistică – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Industria automobilistică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Автомобильная промышленность – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Автомобильная промышленность" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_industry" title="Automotive industry – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Automotive industry" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industria_e_automobil%C3%ABve" title="Industria e automobilëve – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Industria e automobilëve" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_industry" title="Automotive industry – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Automotive industry" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobilov%C3%BD_priemysel" title="Automobilový priemysel – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Automobilový priemysel" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avtomobilska_industrija" title="Avtomobilska industrija – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Avtomobilska industrija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Аутомобилска индустрија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Аутомобилска индустрија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajoneuvoteollisuus" title="Ajoneuvoteollisuus – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ajoneuvoteollisuus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fordonsindustri" title="Fordonsindustri – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fordonsindustri" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%88" title="தானுந்துத் தொழிற்றுறை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தானுந்துத் தொழிற்றுறை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" title="อุตสาหกรรมยานยนต์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อุตสาหกรรมยานยนต์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otomotiv_end%C3%BCstrisi" title="Otomotiv endüstrisi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Otomotiv endüstrisi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Автомобільна промисловість – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Автомобільна промисловість" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B4ng_nghi%E1%BB%87p_%C3%B4_t%C3%B4" title="Công nghiệp ô tô – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Công nghiệp ô tô" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%BD%E8%BD%A6%E4%BA%A7%E4%B8%9A" title="汽车产业 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="汽车产业" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%BD%E8%BB%8A%E7%94%A2%E6%A5%AD" title="汽車產業 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="汽車產業" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%BD%E8%BB%8A%E7%94%A2%E6%A5%AD" title="汽車產業 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="汽車產業" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q190117#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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href="/wiki/File:002_Production_line_-_car_assembly_line_in_General_Motors_Manufacturing_Poland_-_Gliwice,_Poland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/002_Production_line_-_car_assembly_line_in_General_Motors_Manufacturing_Poland_-_Gliwice%2C_Poland.jpg/220px-002_Production_line_-_car_assembly_line_in_General_Motors_Manufacturing_Poland_-_Gliwice%2C_Poland.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/002_Production_line_-_car_assembly_line_in_General_Motors_Manufacturing_Poland_-_Gliwice%2C_Poland.jpg/330px-002_Production_line_-_car_assembly_line_in_General_Motors_Manufacturing_Poland_-_Gliwice%2C_Poland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/002_Production_line_-_car_assembly_line_in_General_Motors_Manufacturing_Poland_-_Gliwice%2C_Poland.jpg/440px-002_Production_line_-_car_assembly_line_in_General_Motors_Manufacturing_Poland_-_Gliwice%2C_Poland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3375" data-file-height="2250" /></a><figcaption>An automotive <a href="/wiki/Assembly_line" title="Assembly line">assembly line</a> at <a href="/wiki/Opel_Manufacturing_Poland" title="Opel Manufacturing Poland">Opel Manufacturing Poland</a> in 2015</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/%C5%A0koda_cars_being_transported_by_rail_at_Kutn%C3%A1_Hora_m%C4%9Bsto_train_station%2C_Czech_Republic_-_20140710.ogv/220px--%C5%A0koda_cars_being_transported_by_rail_at_Kutn%C3%A1_Hora_m%C4%9Bsto_train_station%2C_Czech_Republic_-_20140710.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="16" data-mwtitle="Škoda_cars_being_transported_by_rail_at_Kutná_Hora_město_train_station,_Czech_Republic_-_20140710.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:%C5%A0koda_cars_being_transported_by_rail_at_Kutn%C3%A1_Hora_m%C4%9Bsto_train_station,_Czech_Republic_-_20140710.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/%C5%A0koda_cars_being_transported_by_rail_at_Kutn%C3%A1_Hora_m%C4%9Bsto_train_station%2C_Czech_Republic_-_20140710.ogv/%C5%A0koda_cars_being_transported_by_rail_at_Kutn%C3%A1_Hora_m%C4%9Bsto_train_station%2C_Czech_Republic_-_20140710.ogv.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/%C5%A0koda_cars_being_transported_by_rail_at_Kutn%C3%A1_Hora_m%C4%9Bsto_train_station%2C_Czech_Republic_-_20140710.ogv/%C5%A0koda_cars_being_transported_by_rail_at_Kutn%C3%A1_Hora_m%C4%9Bsto_train_station%2C_Czech_Republic_-_20140710.ogv.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/%C5%A0koda_cars_being_transported_by_rail_at_Kutn%C3%A1_Hora_m%C4%9Bsto_train_station%2C_Czech_Republic_-_20140710.ogv/%C5%A0koda_cars_being_transported_by_rail_at_Kutn%C3%A1_Hora_m%C4%9Bsto_train_station%2C_Czech_Republic_-_20140710.ogv.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/%C5%A0koda_cars_being_transported_by_rail_at_Kutn%C3%A1_Hora_m%C4%9Bsto_train_station%2C_Czech_Republic_-_20140710.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/%C5%A0koda_cars_being_transported_by_rail_at_Kutn%C3%A1_Hora_m%C4%9Bsto_train_station%2C_Czech_Republic_-_20140710.ogv/%C5%A0koda_cars_being_transported_by_rail_at_Kutn%C3%A1_Hora_m%C4%9Bsto_train_station%2C_Czech_Republic_-_20140710.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/%C5%A0koda_cars_being_transported_by_rail_at_Kutn%C3%A1_Hora_m%C4%9Bsto_train_station%2C_Czech_Republic_-_20140710.ogv/%C5%A0koda_cars_being_transported_by_rail_at_Kutn%C3%A1_Hora_m%C4%9Bsto_train_station%2C_Czech_Republic_-_20140710.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/%C5%A0koda_cars_being_transported_by_rail_at_Kutn%C3%A1_Hora_m%C4%9Bsto_train_station%2C_Czech_Republic_-_20140710.ogv/%C5%A0koda_cars_being_transported_by_rail_at_Kutn%C3%A1_Hora_m%C4%9Bsto_train_station%2C_Czech_Republic_-_20140710.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption><a href="/wiki/SEAT" title="SEAT">SEAT</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0koda_Auto" title="Škoda Auto">Škoda</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen" title="Volkswagen">Volkswagen</a> cars being transported by train in <a href="/wiki/Kutn%C3%A1_Hora" title="Kutná Hora">Kutná Hora</a>, <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a> in 2014</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>automotive industry</b> comprises a wide range of <a href="/wiki/Company" title="Company">companies</a> and <a href="/wiki/Organization" title="Organization">organizations</a> involved in the <a href="/wiki/Design" title="Design">design</a>, <a href="/wiki/Business_development" title="Business development">development</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manufacturing" title="Manufacturing">manufacturing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marketing" title="Marketing">marketing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Selling" class="mw-redirect" title="Selling">selling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maintenance" title="Maintenance">repairing</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Custom_car" title="Custom car">modification</a> of <a href="/wiki/Motor_vehicle" title="Motor vehicle">motor vehicles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is one of the world's largest <a href="/wiki/Industry_(economics)" title="Industry (economics)">industries</a> by <a href="/wiki/Revenue" title="Revenue">revenue</a> (from 16% such as in France up to 40% in countries such as Slovakia).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="Cited report shows that ICT sector leads automotive in both gross and per-company R&D spending (August 2022)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The word <i>automotive</i> comes from the <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> <i>autos</i> (self), and <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> <i>motivus</i> (of <a href="/wiki/Motion" title="Motion">motion</a>), referring to any form of self-powered vehicle. This term, as proposed by <a href="/wiki/Elmer_Ambrose_Sperry" title="Elmer Ambrose Sperry">Elmer Sperry</a><sup id="cite_ref-STS_of_US_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-STS_of_US-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="Quotation needed from source to verify. (October 2018)">need quotation to verify</span></a></i>]</sup> (1860–1930), first came into use to describe automobiles in 1898.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_automobile" title="History of the automobile">History of the automobile</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thomas_B_Jeffery_Works_Drawing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Thomas_B_Jeffery_Works_Drawing.jpg/220px-Thomas_B_Jeffery_Works_Drawing.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Thomas_B_Jeffery_Works_Drawing.jpg/330px-Thomas_B_Jeffery_Works_Drawing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Thomas_B_Jeffery_Works_Drawing.jpg/440px-Thomas_B_Jeffery_Works_Drawing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="690" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Thomas_B._Jeffery_Company" title="Thomas B. Jeffery Company">Thomas B. Jeffery Company</a> automobile factory in <a href="/wiki/Kenosha,_Wisconsin" title="Kenosha, Wisconsin">Kenosha, Wisconsin</a> around 1916</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Workers_in_Fiat_factories,_Turin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Workers_in_Fiat_factories%2C_Turin.jpg/250px-Workers_in_Fiat_factories%2C_Turin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Workers_in_Fiat_factories%2C_Turin.jpg/330px-Workers_in_Fiat_factories%2C_Turin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Workers_in_Fiat_factories%2C_Turin.jpg/500px-Workers_in_Fiat_factories%2C_Turin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="950" data-file-height="908" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fiat_1800_and_2100" title="Fiat 1800 and 2100">Fiat 1800 and 2100</a> sedans being assembled at a <a href="/wiki/Fiat" title="Fiat">Fiat</a> factory in 1961</figcaption></figure> <p>The automotive industry began in the 1860s with hundreds of manufacturers pioneering the <a href="/wiki/Brass_Era_car" title="Brass Era car">horseless carriage</a>. Early car manufacturing involved manual assembly by a human worker. The process evolved from engineers working on a stationary car to a conveyor belt system where the car passed through multiple stations of more specialized engineers. In the 1960s, robotic equipment was introduced, and most cars are now mainly assembled by automated machinery.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For many decades, the <a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Automotive industry in the United States">United States</a> led the world in total automobile production, with the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Big_Three_(automobile_manufacturers)" title="Big Three (automobile manufacturers)">Big Three</a> <a href="/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">General Motors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford Motor Company</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chrysler" title="Chrysler">Chrysler</a> being the world's three largest auto manufacturers for a time, and G.M. and Ford remaining the two largest until the mid-2000s. In 1929, before the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>, the world had 32,028,500 automobiles in use, of which the U.S. automobile enterprises produced more than 90%. At that time, the U.S. had one car per 4.87 persons.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After 1945, the U.S. produced around three-quarters of the world's auto production. In 1980, the U.S. was overtaken by <a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Japan" title="Automotive industry in Japan">Japan</a> and then became a world leader again in 1994. Japan narrowly passed the U.S. in production during 2006 and 2007, and in 2008 also <a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_China" title="Automotive industry in China">China</a>, which in 2009 took the top spot (from Japan) with 13.8 million units, although the U.S. surpassed Japan in 2011, to become the second-largest automobile industry. In 2023, China had more than 30 million produced vehicles a year for the first time in history, after reaching 29 million for the first time in 2017 and 28 million the year before. From 1970 (140 models) to 1998 (260 models) to 2012 (684 models), the number of automobile models in the U.S. has grown exponentially.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Safety">Safety</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Safety"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Automobile_safety" class="mw-redirect" title="Automobile safety">Automobile safety</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/2009%E2%80%932011_Toyota_vehicle_recalls" title="2009–2011 Toyota vehicle recalls">2009–2011 Toyota vehicle recalls</a>, <a href="/wiki/General_Motors_ignition_switch_recalls" title="General Motors ignition switch recalls">General Motors ignition switch recalls</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Firestone_and_Ford_tire_controversy" title="Firestone and Ford tire controversy">Firestone and Ford tire controversy</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IIHS_Hyundai_Tucson_crash_test.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/IIHS_Hyundai_Tucson_crash_test.jpg/220px-IIHS_Hyundai_Tucson_crash_test.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/IIHS_Hyundai_Tucson_crash_test.jpg/330px-IIHS_Hyundai_Tucson_crash_test.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/IIHS_Hyundai_Tucson_crash_test.jpg/440px-IIHS_Hyundai_Tucson_crash_test.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="522" /></a><figcaption>A 2010 <a href="/wiki/Hyundai_Tucson" title="Hyundai Tucson">Hyundai Tucson</a> used for a <a href="/wiki/Crash_test" title="Crash test">crash test</a> by the <a href="/wiki/National_Highway_Traffic_Safety_Administration" title="National Highway Traffic Safety Administration">National Highway Traffic Safety Administration</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Safety is a state that implies being protected from any risk, danger, damage, or cause of injury. In the automotive industry, safety means that users, operators, or <a href="/wiki/Manufacturers" class="mw-redirect" title="Manufacturers">manufacturers</a> do not face any risk or danger coming from the motor vehicle or its spare parts. Safety for the automobiles themselves implies that there is no risk of damage. </p><p>Safety in the automotive industry is particularly important and therefore highly regulated. <a href="/wiki/Automobiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Automobiles">Automobiles</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Motor_vehicles" class="mw-redirect" title="Motor vehicles">motor vehicles</a> have to comply with a certain number of regulations, whether local or international, in order to be accepted on the market. The standard <a href="/wiki/ISO_26262" title="ISO 26262">ISO 26262</a>, is considered one of the best practice frameworks for achieving automotive <a href="/wiki/Functional_safety" title="Functional safety">functional safety</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In case of safety issues, danger, <a href="/wiki/Product_defect" title="Product defect">product defect</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or faulty procedure during the manufacturing of the motor vehicle, the maker can request to return either a batch or the entire production run. This procedure is called <a href="/wiki/Product_recall" title="Product recall">product recall</a>. Product recalls happen in every industry and can be production-related or stem from raw materials. </p><p>Product and operation tests and inspections at different stages of the <a href="/wiki/Value_chain" title="Value chain">value chain</a> are made to avoid these product recalls by ensuring end-user security and safety and compliance with the automotive industry requirements. However, the automotive industry is still particularly concerned about product recalls, which cause considerable financial consequences. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_by_country" title="Automotive industry by country">Automotive industry by country</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vintage_Pontiac_Promotion.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Vintage_Pontiac_Promotion.svg/220px-Vintage_Pontiac_Promotion.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Vintage_Pontiac_Promotion.svg/330px-Vintage_Pontiac_Promotion.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Vintage_Pontiac_Promotion.svg/440px-Vintage_Pontiac_Promotion.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="74" data-file-height="100" /></a><figcaption>An advertisement for the <a href="/wiki/Pontiac_6" title="Pontiac 6">Pontiac 6</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1928</span></figcaption></figure> <p>In 2007, there were about 806 million cars and light trucks on the road, consuming over 980 billion litres (980,000,000 m<sup>3</sup>) of <a href="/wiki/Gasoline" title="Gasoline">gasoline</a> and <a href="/wiki/Diesel_fuel" title="Diesel fuel">diesel fuel</a> yearly.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The automobile is a primary mode of <a href="/wiki/Transport" title="Transport">transportation</a> for many developed economies. The Detroit branch of <a href="/wiki/Boston_Consulting_Group" title="Boston Consulting Group">Boston Consulting Group</a> predicted that, by 2014, one-third of world demand would be in the four <a href="/wiki/BRIC" title="BRIC">BRIC</a> markets (Brazil, Russia, India, and China). Meanwhile, in developed countries, the automotive industry has slowed.<sup id="cite_ref-twnside1_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-twnside1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also expected that this trend will continue, especially as the younger generations of people (in highly urbanized countries) no longer want to own a car, and prefer other modes of transport.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other potentially powerful automotive markets are <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Emerging automobile markets already buy more cars than established markets. </p><p>According to a J.D. Power study, emerging markets accounted for 51 percent of the global <a href="/wiki/Light_commercial_vehicle" title="Light commercial vehicle">light-vehicle</a> sales in 2010. The study, performed in 2010 expected this trend to accelerate.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, more recent reports (2012) confirmed the opposite; namely that the automotive industry was slowing down even in BRIC countries.<sup id="cite_ref-twnside1_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-twnside1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the United States, vehicle sales peaked in 2000, at 17.8 million units.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 2021, the European Commission released its "<a href="/wiki/European_Green_Deal" title="European Green Deal">Fit for 55</a>" legislation package,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which contains important guidelines for the future of the automotive industry; all new cars on the European market must be <a href="/wiki/Zero-emissions_vehicle" title="Zero-emissions vehicle">zero-emission vehicles</a> from 2035.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The governments of 24 developed countries and a group of major car manufacturers including <a href="/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">GM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Volvo" title="Volvo">Volvo</a>, <a href="/wiki/BYD_Auto" title="BYD Auto">BYD Auto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Land_Rover" title="Jaguar Land Rover">Jaguar Land Rover</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz" title="Mercedes-Benz">Mercedes-Benz</a> committed to "work towards all sales of new cars and vans being zero emission globally by 2040, and by no later than 2035 in leading markets".<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Major car manufacturing nations like the United States, Germany, China, Japan and South Korea, as well as <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen" title="Volkswagen">Volkswagen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toyota" title="Toyota">Toyota</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peugeot" title="Peugeot">Peugeot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Honda" title="Honda">Honda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nissan" title="Nissan">Nissan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hyundai_Motor_Company" title="Hyundai Motor Company">Hyundai</a>, did not pledge.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Environmental_impacts">Environmental impacts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Environmental impacts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1975-_US_vehicle_production_share,_by_vehicle_type.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/1975-_US_vehicle_production_share%2C_by_vehicle_type.svg/250px-1975-_US_vehicle_production_share%2C_by_vehicle_type.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/1975-_US_vehicle_production_share%2C_by_vehicle_type.svg/330px-1975-_US_vehicle_production_share%2C_by_vehicle_type.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/1975-_US_vehicle_production_share%2C_by_vehicle_type.svg/500px-1975-_US_vehicle_production_share%2C_by_vehicle_type.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="675" /></a><figcaption>Trucks' share of US vehicles produced, has tripled since 1975. Though vehicle fuel efficiency has increased within each category, the overall trend toward less efficient types of vehicles has offset some of the benefits of greater fuel economy and reduction of carbon dioxide emissions.<sup id="cite_ref-EPA_AutomotiveTrends_202212_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EPA_AutomotiveTrends_202212-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Without the shift towards SUVs, energy use per unit distance could have fallen 30% more than it did from 2010 to 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-GlobalFuelEfficInit_202311_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GlobalFuelEfficInit_202311-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The global automotive industry is a major consumer of water. Some estimates surpass 180,000 L (39,000 imp gal) of water per car manufactured, depending on whether tyre production is included. Production processes that use a significant volume of water include surface treatment, painting, coating, washing, cooling, air-conditioning, and boilers, not counting component manufacturing. Paintshop operations consume especially large amounts of water because equipment running on water-based products must also be cleaned with water.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2022, Tesla's <a href="/wiki/Gigafactory_Berlin-Brandenburg" title="Gigafactory Berlin-Brandenburg">Gigafactory Berlin-Brandenburg</a> ran into legal challenges due to droughts and falling groundwater levels in the region. Brandenburg's Economy Minister Joerg Steinbach said that while water supply was sufficient during the first stage, more would be needed once Tesla expands the site. The factory would nearly double the water consumption in the Gruenheide area, with 1.4 million cubic meters being contracted from local authorities per year — enough for a city of around 40,000 people. Steinbach said that the authorities would like to drill for more water there and outsource any additional supply if necessary.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="World_motor_vehicle_production">World motor vehicle production</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: World motor vehicle production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:708px;max-width:708px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader" style="text-align:center">World motor vehicle production<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:352px;max-width:352px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Motor_Vehicle_Prod_volume_RITA_T1-23.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Motor_Vehicle_Prod_volume_RITA_T1-23.svg/500px-Motor_Vehicle_Prod_volume_RITA_T1-23.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Motor_Vehicle_Prod_volume_RITA_T1-23.svg/525px-Motor_Vehicle_Prod_volume_RITA_T1-23.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Motor_Vehicle_Prod_volume_RITA_T1-23.svg/700px-Motor_Vehicle_Prod_volume_RITA_T1-23.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="719" data-file-height="539" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center">Production volume (1000 vehicles)</div> <p><b>1960s</b>: Post-war increase </p><p><b>1970s</b>: <a href="/wiki/1970s_energy_crisis" title="1970s energy crisis">Oil</a> crisis and tighter safety and emission regulation </p><p><b>1990s</b>: Production started in <a href="/wiki/Newly_industrialized_country" title="Newly industrialized country">NICs</a>. </p><p><b>2000s</b>: Rise of China as a top producer </p> <a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_crisis_of_2008%E2%80%932010" class="mw-redirect" title="Automotive industry crisis of 2008–2010">Automotive industry crisis of 2008–2010</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:352px;max-width:352px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Motor_Vehicle_Prod_share_RITA_T1-23.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Motor_Vehicle_Prod_share_RITA_T1-23.svg/500px-Motor_Vehicle_Prod_share_RITA_T1-23.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Motor_Vehicle_Prod_share_RITA_T1-23.svg/525px-Motor_Vehicle_Prod_share_RITA_T1-23.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Motor_Vehicle_Prod_share_RITA_T1-23.svg/700px-Motor_Vehicle_Prod_share_RITA_T1-23.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="719" data-file-height="539" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><b>To 1950</b>: US had produced more than 80% of motor vehicles.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <p><b>1950s</b>: United Kingdom, Germany, and France restarted production. </p><p><b>1960s</b>: Japan started expanding production and increased volume through the 1980s. United States, Japan, Germany, France, and the United Kingdom produced about 80% of motor vehicles through the 1980s. </p><p><b>1990s</b>: South Korea became a volume producer. In 2004, Korea became No. 5 passing France. </p><p><b>2000s</b>: China increased its production drastically, and became the world's largest-producing country in 2009. </p><p><b>2010s</b>: India overtakes Korea, Canada, Spain to become 5th largest automobile producer. </p><p><b>2013</b>: The share of China (25.4%), India, Korea, Brazil, and Mexico rose to 43%, while the share of United States (12.7%), Japan, Germany, France, and United Kingdom fell to 34%. </p> <b>2018</b>: India overtakes Germany to become 4th largest automobile producer.</div></div></div></div></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:World_motor_production_(1997-2016).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/World_motor_production_%281997-2016%29.png/960px-World_motor_production_%281997-2016%29.png" decoding="async" width="707" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/World_motor_production_%281997-2016%29.png/1061px-World_motor_production_%281997-2016%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/World_motor_production_%281997-2016%29.png/1414px-World_motor_production_%281997-2016%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="1087" /></a><figcaption>World motor production (1997–2016)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_year">By year</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: By year"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_motor_vehicle_production" title="List of countries by motor vehicle production">List of countries by motor vehicle production</a></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th width="48">Year </th> <th width="67">Production </th> <th width="52">Change </th> <th width="70"><abbr title="Reference(s)">Ref.</abbr> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>1997 </td> <td>54,434,000 </td> <td>— </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-OICA9798_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OICA9798-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>1998 </td> <td>52,987,000 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2.7% </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-OICA9798_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OICA9798-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>1999 </td> <td>56,258,892 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 6.2% </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>2000 </td> <td>58,374,162 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3.8% </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>2001 </td> <td>56,304,925 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3.5% </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>2002 </td> <td>58,994,318 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4.8% </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>2003 </td> <td>60,663,225 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2.8% </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>2004 </td> <td>64,496,220 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 6.3% </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>2005 </td> <td>66,482,439 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3.1% </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>2006 </td> <td>69,222,975 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4.1% </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>2007 </td> <td>73,266,061 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 5.8% </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>2008 </td> <td>70,520,493 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3.7% </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>2009 </td> <td>61,791,868 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 12.4% </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>2010 </td> <td>77,857,705 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 26.0% </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>2011 </td> <td>79,989,155 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3.1% </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>2012 </td> <td>84,141,209 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 5.3% </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>2013 </td> <td>87,300,115 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3.7% </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>2014 </td> <td>89,747,430 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2.6% </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>2015 </td> <td>90,086,346 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.4% </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>2016 </td> <td>94,976,569 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4.5% </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>2017 </td> <td>97,302,534 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 2.36% </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>2018 </td> <td>95,634,593 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1.71% </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>2019 </td> <td>91,786,861 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 5.2% </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>2020 </td> <td>77,621,582 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 16% </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>2021 </td> <td>80,145,988 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3.25% </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <td>2022 </td> <td>85,016,728 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/40px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 6.08% </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2014_Cars_Countries_Export_Treemap.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/2014_Cars_Countries_Export_Treemap.png/300px-2014_Cars_Countries_Export_Treemap.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/2014_Cars_Countries_Export_Treemap.png/450px-2014_Cars_Countries_Export_Treemap.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/2014_Cars_Countries_Export_Treemap.png/600px-2014_Cars_Countries_Export_Treemap.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="520" /></a><figcaption>Percentage of exported cars by country (2014)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="Cars only or also includes trucks, motorcycles, buses, etc? (October 2023)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Global_imports_and_exports_of_cars.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Global_imports_and_exports_of_cars.png/300px-Global_imports_and_exports_of_cars.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Global_imports_and_exports_of_cars.png/450px-Global_imports_and_exports_of_cars.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Global_imports_and_exports_of_cars.png/600px-Global_imports_and_exports_of_cars.png 2x" data-file-width="1365" data-file-height="644" /></a><figcaption>Global automobile import and export in 2011</figcaption></figure> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_country">By country</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: By country"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_by_country" title="Automotive industry by country">Automotive industry by country</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Organisation_Internationale_des_Constructeurs_d%27Automobiles" title="Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d'Automobiles">OICA</a> counts over 50 countries that assemble, manufacture, or disseminate automobiles. Of those, only 15 countries (<b>boldfaced</b> in the list below) currently possess the capability to design original production automobiles from the ground up, and 17 countries (listed below) have at least one million produced vehicles a year (as of 2023).<sup id="cite_ref-Australia_auto_industry_2015_smh.com.au_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Australia_auto_industry_2015_smh.com.au-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><b>Australia</b> (<a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Australia" title="Automotive industry in Australia"><i>main page</i></a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> (<a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Bangladesh" title="Automotive industry in Bangladesh"><i>main page</i></a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Belarus" title="Automotive industry in Belarus"><i>main page</i></a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li>Brazil (<a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Brazil" title="Automotive industry in Brazil"><i>main page</i></a>)</li> <li>Bulgaria (<a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Bulgaria" title="Automotive industry in Bulgaria"><i>main page</i></a>)</li> <li>Canada (<a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Canada" title="Automotive industry in Canada"><i>main page</i></a>)</li> <li><b>China</b> (<a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_China" title="Automotive industry in China"><i>main page</i></a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Automotive industry in the Czech Republic"><i>main page</i></a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li>Egypt (<a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Egypt" title="Automotive industry in Egypt"><i>main page</i></a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><b>France</b> (<a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_France" title="Automotive industry in France"><i>main page</i></a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a> (<a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_in_Ghana#Automobile_manufacturing" title="Manufacturing in Ghana"><i>main page</i></a>)</li> <li><b>Germany</b> (<a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Germany" title="Automotive industry in Germany"><i>main page</i></a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> (<a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Hungary" title="Automotive industry in Hungary"><i>main page</i></a>)</li> <li><b>India</b> (<a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_India" title="Automotive industry in India"><i>main page</i></a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Indonesia" title="Automotive industry in Indonesia"><i>main page</i></a>)</li> <li><b>Iran</b> (<a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Iran" title="Automotive industry in Iran"><i>main page</i></a>)</li> <li><b>Italy</b> (<a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Italy" title="Automotive industry in Italy"><i>main page</i></a>)</li> <li><b>Japan</b> (<a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Japan" title="Automotive industry in Japan"><i>main page</i></a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a> (<a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Kenya" title="Automotive industry in Kenya"><i>main page</i></a>)</li> <li><b>Republic of Korea (South Korea)</b> (<a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_South_Korea" title="Automotive industry in South Korea"><i>main page</i></a>)</li> <li><b>Malaysia</b> (<a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Malaysia" title="Automotive industry in Malaysia"><i>main page</i></a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> (<a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Mexico" title="Automotive industry in Mexico"><i>main page</i></a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> (<a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Morocco" title="Automotive industry in Morocco"><i>main page</i></a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li>Pakistan (<a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Pakistan" title="Automotive industry in Pakistan"><i>main page</i></a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> (<a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_the_Philippines" title="Automotive industry in the Philippines"><i>main page</i></a>)</li> <li>Poland (<a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Poland" title="Automotive industry in Poland"><i>main page</i></a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> (<a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Romania" title="Automotive industry in Romania"><i>main page</i></a>)</li> <li><b>Russia</b> (<a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Russia" title="Automotive industry in Russia"><i>main page</i></a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Serbia" title="Automotive industry in Serbia"><i>main page</i></a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Slovakia" title="Automotive industry in Slovakia"><i>main page</i></a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li>South Africa (<a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_South_Africa" title="Automotive industry in South Africa"><i>main page</i></a>)</li> <li>Spain (<a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Spain" title="Automotive industry in Spain"><i>main page</i></a>)</li> <li><b>Sweden</b> (<a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Sweden" title="Automotive industry in Sweden"><i>main page</i></a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> (<a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Thailand" title="Automotive industry in Thailand"><i>main page</i></a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> (<a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Turkey" title="Automotive industry in Turkey"><i>main page</i></a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Ukraine" title="Automotive industry in Ukraine"><i>main page</i></a>)</li> <li><b>United Kingdom</b> (<a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Automotive industry in the United Kingdom"><i>main page</i></a>)</li> <li><b>United States</b> (<a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Automotive industry in the United States"><i>main page</i></a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Uzbekistan" title="Automotive industry in Uzbekistan"><i>main page</i></a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> (<a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Vietnam" title="Automotive industry in Vietnam"><i>main page</i></a>)</li></ul></div> <p><br /> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Country</th> <th>Produced vehicles 2023<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>China <br /> <small>(plus <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>)</small></td> <td>30,160,966 <br /> <small>(30,446,928)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td>USA</td> <td>10,611,555 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Japan</td> <td>8,997,440 </td></tr> <tr> <td>India</td> <td>5,851,507 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Republic of Korea</td> <td>4,243,597 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Germany</td> <td>4,109,371 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mexico</td> <td>4,002,047 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Spain</td> <td>2,451,221 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Brazil</td> <td>2,324,838 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Thailand</td> <td>1,841,663 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Canada</td> <td>1,553,026 </td></tr> <tr> <td>France</td> <td>1,505,076 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Turkey</td> <td>1,468,393 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Czechia</td> <td>1,404,501 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Indonesia</td> <td>1,395,717 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Slovakia</td> <td>1,080,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>U.K.</td> <td>1,025,474 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_manufacturer">By manufacturer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: By manufacturer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_manufacturers_by_motor_vehicle_production" class="mw-redirect" title="List of manufacturers by motor vehicle production">List of manufacturers by motor vehicle production</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_car_brands" title="List of car brands">List of car brands</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Top_10_(2016–2020)"><span id="Top_10_.282016.E2.80.932020.29"></span>Top 10 (2016–2020)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Top 10 (2016–2020)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>These were the ten largest manufacturers by production volume as of 2017,<sup id="cite_ref-oi15_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oi15-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of which the eight largest were in the top 8 positions since <a href="/wiki/Fiat_Chrysler_Automobiles" title="Fiat Chrysler Automobiles">Fiat's 2013 acquisition</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Chrysler" title="Chrysler">Chrysler</a> Corporation (although the <a href="/wiki/PSA_Group" title="PSA Group">PSA Group</a> had been in the top 8 1999 to 2012, and 2007 to 2012 one of the eight largest along with the seven largest as of 2017) and the five largest in the top 5 positions since 2007, according to OICA, which, however, stopped publishing statistics of motor vehicle production by manufacturer after 2017. All ten remained as the ten largest automakers by sales until <a href="/wiki/Stellantis" title="Stellantis">the merger between Fiat-Chrysler and the PSA Group in early 2021</a>; only <a href="/wiki/Renault" title="Renault">Renault</a> was degraded to 11th place, in 2022, when being surpassed by both <a href="/wiki/BMW" title="BMW">BMW</a> (which became the 10th largest in 2021) and <a href="/wiki/Changan_Automobile" title="Changan Automobile">Chang'an</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Rank<sup id="cite_ref-Rank2017_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rank2017-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th>Group</th> <th>Country</th> <th data-sort-type="number">Produced <br /> vehicles (2017)<sup id="cite_ref-oi15_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oi15-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th data-sort-type="number">Sold vehicles <br /> (2018)</th> <th data-sort-type="number">Sold vehicles <br /> (2019)<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Toyota" title="Toyota">Toyota</a></td> <td>Japan</td> <td>10,466,051</td> <td>10,521,134</td> <td>10,741,556 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Group" title="Volkswagen Group">Volkswagen Group</a></td> <td>Germany</td> <td>10,382,334</td> <td>10,831,232</td> <td>10,975,352 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td><a href="/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">General Motors</a> <br /> <small>(except <a href="/wiki/SAIC-GM-Wuling" title="SAIC-GM-Wuling">SAIC-GM-Wuling</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-SAIC-GM-Wuling_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SAIC-GM-Wuling-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small></td> <td>United States</td> <td>9,027,658 <br /> <small>(6,856,880)</small></td> <td>8,787,233</td> <td>7,724,163 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hyundai_Motor_Group" title="Hyundai Motor Group">Hyundai</a></td> <td>South Korea</td> <td>7,218,391</td> <td>7,437,209</td> <td>7,189,893 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford</a></td> <td>United States</td> <td>6,386,818</td> <td>5,734,217</td> <td>5,385,972 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nissan" title="Nissan">Nissan</a></td> <td>Japan</td> <td>5,769,277</td> <td>5,653,743</td> <td>5,176,211 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Honda" title="Honda">Honda</a></td> <td>Japan</td> <td>5,235,842</td> <td>5,265,892</td> <td>5,323,319 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fiat_Chrysler_Automobiles" title="Fiat Chrysler Automobiles">Fiat-Chrysler</a> <br /> <small>(now part of <a href="/wiki/Stellantis" title="Stellantis">Stellantis</a>)</small></td> <td>Italy /<br /> United States</td> <td>4,600,847</td> <td>4,841,366</td> <td>4,612,673 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Renault" title="Renault">Renault</a></td> <td>France</td> <td>4,153,589</td> <td>3,883,987</td> <td>3,749,815 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td><a href="/wiki/PSA_Group" title="PSA Group">PSA Group</a> <br /> <small>(now part of <a href="/wiki/Stellantis" title="Stellantis">Stellantis</a>)</small></td> <td>France</td> <td>3,649,742</td> <td>4,126,349</td> <td>3,479,152 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Top_20_(2012–2013)"><span id="Top_20_.282012.E2.80.932013.29"></span>Top 20 (2012–2013)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Top 20 (2012–2013)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>These were the twenty largest manufacturers by production volume in 2012 and 2013, or the 21 largest in 2011 (before <a href="/wiki/Fiat_Chrysler_Automobiles" title="Fiat Chrysler Automobiles">the Fiat-Chrysler merger</a>), of which the fourteen largest as of 2011 were in the top 14 in 2010, 2008 and 2007 (but not 2009, when Changan and Mazda temporarily degraded Chrysler to 16th place). The eighteen largest as of 2013 have remained in the top 20 as of 2017, except Mitsubishi which fell out of top 20 in 2016, while Geely fell out of the top 20 in 2014 and 2015 but re-entered it in 2016. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Rank<sup id="cite_ref-Rank2012_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rank2012-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th>Group</th> <th>Country</th> <th data-sort-type="number">Produced <br /> vehicles (2013)<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th data-sort-type="number">Produced <br /> vehicles (2012)<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th data-sort-type="number">Produced <br /> vehicles (2011)<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Toyota" title="Toyota">Toyota</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;">Japan</td> <td>10,324,995</td> <td>10,104,424</td> <td>8,050,181 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">General Motors</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;">United States</td> <td>9,628,912</td> <td>9,285,425</td> <td>9,031,670 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Group" title="Volkswagen Group">Volkswagen Group</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;">Germany</td> <td>9,379,229</td> <td>9,254,742</td> <td>8,525,573 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Hyundai_Motor_Group" title="Hyundai Motor Group">Hyundai</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;">South Korea</td> <td>7,233,080</td> <td>7,126,413</td> <td>6,616,858 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;">United States</td> <td>6,077,126</td> <td>5,595,483</td> <td>5,516,931 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Nissan" title="Nissan">Nissan</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;">Japan</td> <td>4,950,924</td> <td>4,889,379</td> <td>4,631,673 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Fiat_S.p.A." title="Fiat S.p.A.">Fiat</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fiat_Chrysler_Automobiles" title="Fiat Chrysler Automobiles">FCA</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;">Italy</td> <td>4,681,704</td> <td>4 498 722<sup id="cite_ref-FCA_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FCA-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>2,336,954 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Honda" title="Honda">Honda</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;">Japan</td> <td>4,298,390</td> <td>4,110,857</td> <td>2,909,016 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/PSA_Group" title="PSA Group">PSA Peugeot Citroën</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;">France</td> <td>2,833,781</td> <td>2,911,764</td> <td>3,582,410 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Suzuki" title="Suzuki">Suzuki</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;">Japan</td> <td>2,842,133</td> <td>2,893,602</td> <td>2,725,899 </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Renault" title="Renault">Renault</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;">France</td> <td>2,704,675</td> <td>2,676,226</td> <td>2,825,089 </td></tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Group" title="Mercedes-Benz Group">Daimler</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;">Germany</td> <td>1,781,507</td> <td>2,195,152</td> <td>2,137,067 </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Chrysler" title="Chrysler">Chrysler</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;">United States</td> <td><small>part of <a href="/wiki/Fiat_Chrysler_Automobiles" title="Fiat Chrysler Automobiles">FCA</a></small></td> <td><small>part of FCA</small></td> <td>1,999,017 </td></tr> <tr> <td>13</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/BMW" title="BMW">BMW</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;">Germany</td> <td>2,006,366</td> <td>2,065,477</td> <td>1,738,160 </td></tr> <tr> <td>14</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/SAIC_Motor" title="SAIC Motor">SAIC</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;">China</td> <td>1,992,250</td> <td>1,783,548</td> <td>1,478,502 </td></tr> <tr> <td>15</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tata_Motors" title="Tata Motors">Tata</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;">India</td> <td>1,062,654</td> <td>1,241,239</td> <td>1,197,192 </td></tr> <tr> <td>16</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Mazda" title="Mazda">Mazda</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;">Japan</td> <td>1,264,173</td> <td>1,189,283</td> <td>1,165,591 </td></tr> <tr> <td>17</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Dongfeng_Motor_Corporation" title="Dongfeng Motor Corporation">Dongfeng</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;">China</td> <td>1,238,948</td> <td>1,137,950</td> <td>1,108,949 </td></tr> <tr> <td>18</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Motors" title="Mitsubishi Motors">Mitsubishi</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;">Japan</td> <td>1,229,441</td> <td>1,109,731</td> <td>1,140,282 </td></tr> <tr> <td>19</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Changan_Automobile" title="Changan Automobile">Changan</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;">China</td> <td>1,109,889</td> <td>1,063,721</td> <td>1,167,208 </td></tr> <tr> <td>20</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Geely" title="Geely">Geely</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;">China</td> <td>969,896</td> <td>922,906</td> <td>897,107 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_company_relationships">Notable company relationships</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notable company relationships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width: auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/20px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/30px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text" style="width: auto;"><div class="mbox-text-span">This list is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Lists#Incomplete_lists" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Lists">incomplete</a>; you can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry&action=edit">adding missing items</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2020</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be <b>updated</b>. The reason given is: several of these have changed.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stake_holding">Stake holding</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Stake holding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is common for automobile manufacturers to hold stakes in other automobile manufacturers. These ownerships can be explored under the detail for the individual companies. </p><p>Notable current relationships include:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daihatsu" title="Daihatsu">Daihatsu</a> holds a 25% stake in <a href="/wiki/Perodua" title="Perodua">Perodua</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Mercedes-Benz Group holds a 30.01% stake in <a href="/wiki/Daimler_Truck" title="Daimler Truck">Daimler Truck</a> and <a href="/wiki/BAIC_Group" title="BAIC Group">BAIC Group</a> holds a 6.49% stake.</li> <li>Daimler Truck holds an 89.29% stake in <a href="/wiki/Fuso_(company)" title="Fuso (company)">Fuso</a>.</li> <li>Mercedes-Benz Group holds a 3.1% stake in the <a href="/wiki/Renault-Nissan-Mitsubishi_Alliance" class="mw-redirect" title="Renault-Nissan-Mitsubishi Alliance">Renault-Nissan-Mitsubishi Alliance</a>, while Renault-Nissan-Mitsubishi Alliance holds a 3.1% stake in Mercedes-Benz Group.</li> <li>Mercedes-Benz Group holds a 12% stake in <a href="/wiki/BAIC_Group" title="BAIC Group">BAIC Group</a>, while BAIC Group holds 5% stake in Mercedes-Benz Group.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongfeng_Motor" class="mw-redirect" title="Dongfeng Motor">Dongfeng Motor</a> holds a 12.23% stake and a 19.94% exercisable voting rights in <a href="/wiki/PSA_Group" title="PSA Group">PSA Group</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/FAW_Group" title="FAW Group">FAW Group</a> holds a 49% stake of <a href="/wiki/Haima_Automobile" title="Haima Automobile">Haima Automobile</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiat_Chrysler_Automobiles" title="Fiat Chrysler Automobiles">FCA</a> holds a 10% stake in <a href="/wiki/Ferrari" title="Ferrari">Ferrari</a>.</li> <li>FCA holds a 67% stake in <a href="/wiki/Fiat_Automobili_Srbija" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiat Automobili Srbija">Fiat Automobili Srbija</a>.</li> <li>FCA holds a 37.8% stake in <a href="/wiki/Tofa%C5%9F" title="Tofaş">Tofaş</a> with another 37.8% stake hold by <a href="/wiki/Ko%C3%A7_Holding" title="Koç Holding">Koç Holding</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiat_Automobili_Srbija" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiat Automobili Srbija">Fiat Automobili Srbija</a> holds a 54% stake in <a href="/wiki/Zastava_Trucks" title="Zastava Trucks">Zastava Trucks</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiat_Industrial" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiat Industrial">Fiat Industrial</a> holds a 46% stake in <a href="/wiki/Zastava_Trucks" title="Zastava Trucks">Zastava Trucks</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujian_Motors_Group" title="Fujian Motors Group">Fujian Motors Group</a> holds a 15% stake in <a href="/wiki/King_Long" title="King Long">King Long</a>. FMG, Beijing Automotive Group, <a href="/wiki/China_Motor_Corporation" title="China Motor Corporation">China Motor</a>, and Mercedes-Benz Group has a joint venture called <a href="/wiki/Fujian_Benz" title="Fujian Benz">Fujian Benz</a>. FMG, China Motor, and Mitsubishi Motors has a joint venture called <a href="/wiki/Soueast" title="Soueast">Soueast</a>, FMG holds a 50% stake, and both China Motor and Mitsubishi Motors holds an equal 25% stake.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geely_Automobile" class="mw-redirect" title="Geely Automobile">Geely Automobile</a> holds a 23% stake in <a href="/wiki/London_EV_Company" title="London EV Company">London EV Company</a>.</li> <li>Geely Automobile holds a 49.9% stake in <a href="/wiki/Proton_Holdings" title="Proton Holdings">Proton Holdings</a> and a 51% stake in <a href="/wiki/Lotus_Cars" title="Lotus Cars">Lotus Cars</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geely_Holding_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Geely Holding Group">Geely Holding Group</a> holds a 9.69% stake in <a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Group" title="Mercedes-Benz Group">Mercedes-Benz Group</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Geely Holding Group holds an 8.3% stake and a 15.9% exercisable voting rights in <a href="/wiki/Volvo" title="Volvo">Volvo</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">General Motors</a> holds a 93% stake in <a href="/wiki/General_Motors_India" title="General Motors India">GM India</a> and <a href="/wiki/SAIC_Motor" title="SAIC Motor">SAIC Motor</a> holds a 7% stake.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">General Motors</a> holds a 48.19% stake in <a href="/wiki/GM_Korea" title="GM Korea">GM Korea</a>.</li> <li>General Motors holds a 20% stake in <a href="/wiki/Industries_M%C3%A9caniques_Maghr%C3%A9bines" title="Industries Mécaniques Maghrébines">Industries Mécaniques Maghrébines</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isuzu" title="Isuzu">Isuzu</a> holds a 10% stake in <a href="/wiki/Industries_M%C3%A9caniques_Maghr%C3%A9bines" title="Industries Mécaniques Maghrébines">Industries Mécaniques Maghrébines</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcopolo_SA" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcopolo SA">Marcopolo</a> holds a 19% stake in <a href="/wiki/New_Flyer_Industries" class="mw-redirect" title="New Flyer Industries">New Flyer Industries</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Corporation" title="Mitsubishi Corporation">Mitsubishi Corporation</a> holds a 20% stake in <a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Motors" title="Mitsubishi Motors">Mitsubishi Motors</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nissan" title="Nissan">Nissan</a> holds a 34% stake in <a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Motors" title="Mitsubishi Motors">Mitsubishi Motors</a> since October 2016,<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> thus having the right to nominate the chairman of Mitsubishi Motors' board and a third of its directors.</li> <li>Nissan holds a 43% stake in <a href="/wiki/Nissan_Shatai" title="Nissan Shatai">Nissan Shatai</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porsche" title="Porsche">Porsche</a> holds a 50.74% voting stake in <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Group" title="Volkswagen Group">Volkswagen Group</a>. The Porsche automotive business is fully owned by the Volkswagen Group.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renault" title="Renault">Renault</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nissan" title="Nissan">Nissan</a> have an alliance (<a href="/wiki/Renault-Nissan-Mitsubishi_Alliance" class="mw-redirect" title="Renault-Nissan-Mitsubishi Alliance">Renault-Nissan-Mitsubishi Alliance</a>) involving two global companies linked by cross-shareholding, with Renault holding a 43.4% stake in Nissan shares, and Nissan holding a 15% stake of (non-voting) Renault shares.</li> <li>Renault holds a 25% stake in <a href="/wiki/AvtoVAZ" title="AvtoVAZ">AvtoVAZ</a>.</li> <li>Renault holds an 52.8% stake in <a href="/wiki/Renault_Korea" title="Renault Korea">Renault Korea</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAIPA" title="SAIPA">SAIPA</a> holds a 51% stake in <a href="/wiki/Pars_Khodro" title="Pars Khodro">Pars Khodro</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Motors" title="Tata Motors">Tata Motors</a> holds a 100% stake in <a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Land_Rover" title="Jaguar Land Rover">Jaguar Land Rover</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyota" title="Toyota">Toyota</a> holds a 100% stake in <a href="/wiki/Daihatsu" title="Daihatsu">Daihatsu</a>.</li> <li>Toyota holds a 100% stake in <a href="/wiki/Hino_Motors" title="Hino Motors">Hino</a>.</li> <li>Toyota holds a 4.6% stake in <a href="/wiki/Isuzu" title="Isuzu">Isuzu</a>.</li> <li>Toyota holds a 5.05% stake in <a href="/wiki/Mazda" title="Mazda">Mazda</a>, while Mazda holds a 0.25% stake in Toyota.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Toyota holds a 16.7% stake in <a href="/wiki/Subaru_Corporation" title="Subaru Corporation">Subaru Corporation</a>, parent company of <a href="/wiki/Subaru" title="Subaru">Subaru</a>.</li> <li>Toyota holds a 4.94% stake in <a href="/wiki/Suzuki" title="Suzuki">Suzuki</a>, while Suzuki holds a 0.2% stake in Toyota.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Group" title="Volkswagen Group">Volkswagen Group</a> holds a 99.55% stake in the <a href="/wiki/Audi" title="Audi">Audi Group</a>.</li> <li>Volkswagen Group holds a 37.73% stake in <a href="/wiki/Scania_AB" title="Scania AB">Scania</a> (68.6% voting rights), a 53.7% stake in <a href="/wiki/MAN_SE" title="MAN SE">MAN SE</a> (55.9% voting rights). Volkswagen is integrating Scania, MAN, and its own truck division into one division.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paccar" title="Paccar">Paccar</a> holds a 19% stake in <a href="/wiki/Tatra_(company)" title="Tatra (company)">Tatra</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZAP_(motor_company)" title="ZAP (motor company)">ZAP</a> holds a 51% stake in <a href="/wiki/Jonway" class="mw-redirect" title="Jonway">Zhejiang Jonway</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Joint_ventures">Joint ventures</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Joint ventures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="China_joint_venture">China joint venture</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: China joint venture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing_Automotive_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Beijing Automotive Group">Beijing Automotive Group</a> has a joint venture with <a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Group" title="Mercedes-Benz Group">Mercedes-Benz Group</a> called <a href="/wiki/Beijing_Benz" title="Beijing Benz">Beijing Benz</a>, both companies hold a 50-50% stake. both companies also have a joint venture called <a href="/wiki/Beijing_Automotive_Group#Truck-making_venture" class="mw-redirect" title="Beijing Automotive Group">Beijing Foton Daimler Automobile</a>.</li> <li>Beijing Automotive Group also has a joint venture with <a href="/wiki/Hyundai_Motor_Company" title="Hyundai Motor Company">Hyundai</a> called <a href="/wiki/Beijing_Hyundai" title="Beijing Hyundai">Beijing Hyundai</a>, both companies hold a 50-50% stake.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMW" title="BMW">BMW</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brilliance_Auto" class="mw-redirect" title="Brilliance Auto">Brilliance</a> have a joint venture called <a href="/wiki/BMW_Brilliance" title="BMW Brilliance">BMW Brilliance</a>. BMW owns a 50% stake, Brilliance owns a 40.5% stake, and the Shenyang municipal government owns a 9.5% stake.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changan_Automobile" title="Changan Automobile">Changan Automobile</a> has a joint venture with <a href="/wiki/PSA_Group" title="PSA Group">PSA Group</a> (<a href="/wiki/Changan_PSA" title="Changan PSA">Changan PSA</a>), and both hold a 50-50% stake.</li> <li>Changan Automobile has a joint venture with <a href="/wiki/Suzuki" title="Suzuki">Suzuki</a> (<a href="/wiki/Changan_Suzuki" title="Changan Suzuki">Changan Suzuki</a>), and both hold a 50-50% stake.</li> <li>Changan Automobile has a 50-50% joint venture with <a href="/wiki/Mazda" title="Mazda">Mazda</a> (<a href="/wiki/Changan_Mazda" title="Changan Mazda">Changan Mazda</a>).</li> <li>Changan Automobile and <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford</a> have a 50-50% joint venture called <a href="/wiki/Changan_Ford" title="Changan Ford">Changan Ford</a>.</li> <li>Changan Automobile and <a href="/wiki/JMCG" class="mw-redirect" title="JMCG">JMCG</a> have a joint venture called <a href="/wiki/Jiangling_Motor_Holding" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiangling Motor Holding">Jiangling Motor Holding</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chery" title="Chery">Chery</a> has a joint venture with <a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Land_Rover" title="Jaguar Land Rover">Jaguar Land Rover</a> called <a href="/wiki/Chery_Jaguar_Land_Rover" title="Chery Jaguar Land Rover">Chery Jaguar Land Rover</a>, both companies hold a 50-50% stake.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Chery and <a href="/wiki/Israel_Corporation" title="Israel Corporation">Israel Corporation</a> have a joint venture called <a href="/wiki/Qoros" title="Qoros">Qoros</a>, and both companies hold a 50-50% stake.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongfeng_Motor_Corporation" title="Dongfeng Motor Corporation">Dongfeng Motor Corporation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nissan" title="Nissan">Nissan</a> have a 50-50% joint venture called <a href="/wiki/Dongfeng_Motor_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Dongfeng Motor Company">Dongfeng Motor Company</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Group" title="Mercedes-Benz Group">Mercedes-Benz Group</a> and <a href="/wiki/BYD_Auto" title="BYD Auto">BYD Auto</a> have a joint venture called <a href="/wiki/Denza" title="Denza">Denza</a>, both companies hold a 50-50% stake.</li> <li>Mercedes-Benz Group and <a href="/wiki/Geely_Holding_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Geely Holding Group">Geely Holding Group</a> have a joint venture called <a href="/wiki/Smart_(marque)" title="Smart (marque)">smart Automobile</a>, both companies hold a 50-50% stake.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Dongfeng Motor and <a href="/wiki/PSA_Group" title="PSA Group">PSA Group</a> have a 50-50% joint venture called <a href="/wiki/Dongfeng_Peugeot-Citro%C3%ABn" title="Dongfeng Peugeot-Citroën">Dongfeng Peugeot-Citroën</a>.</li> <li>Dongfeng Motor has a 50-50% joint venture with <a href="/wiki/Honda" title="Honda">Honda</a> called <a href="/wiki/Dongfeng_Honda" title="Dongfeng Honda">Dongfeng Honda</a>.</li> <li>Dongfeng Motor has a joint venture with <a href="/wiki/AB_Volvo" class="mw-redirect" title="AB Volvo">AB Volvo</a> called <a href="/wiki/Dongfeng_Nissan-Diesel_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Dongfeng Nissan-Diesel Company">Dongfeng Nissan-Diesel</a>.</li> <li>Dongfeng Motor has a 50-50% joint venture with <a href="/wiki/Renault" title="Renault">Renault</a> named <a href="/wiki/Dongfeng_Renault" title="Dongfeng Renault">Dongfeng Renault</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a>, which was founded in the end of 2013</li> <li><a href="/wiki/FAW_Group" title="FAW Group">FAW Group</a> and <a href="/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">General Motors</a> has a 50-50 joint venture called <a href="/wiki/FAW-GM" title="FAW-GM">FAW-GM</a>.</li> <li>FAW Group has a 50-50 joint venture with <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Group" title="Volkswagen Group">Volkswagen Group</a> called <a href="/wiki/FAW-Volkswagen" title="FAW-Volkswagen">FAW-Volkswagen</a>.</li> <li>FAW Group has a 50-50 joint venture with <a href="/wiki/Toyota" title="Toyota">Toyota</a> called <a href="/wiki/Sichuan_FAW_Toyota_Motor" class="mw-redirect" title="Sichuan FAW Toyota Motor">Sichuan FAW Toyota Motor</a> and both companies also have another joint venture called <a href="/wiki/Ranz" title="Ranz">Ranz</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">General Motors</a> and <a href="/wiki/SAIC_Motor" title="SAIC Motor">SAIC Motor</a>, both have two joint ventures in <a href="/wiki/SAIC-GM" title="SAIC-GM">SAIC-GM</a> and <a href="/wiki/SAIC-GM-Wuling" title="SAIC-GM-Wuling">SAIC-GM-Wuling</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navistar_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Navistar International">Navistar International</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anhui_Jianghuai_Automobile" class="mw-redirect" title="Anhui Jianghuai Automobile">JAC</a> has a joint venture called <a href="/wiki/International_Motors#Anhui_Jianghuai_Navistar" title="International Motors">Anhui Jianghuai Navistar</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Outside_China">Outside China</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Outside China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford</a> and <a href="/wiki/International_Motors" title="International Motors">International Motors</a> have a 50-50 joint venture called <a href="/wiki/International_Motors#Blue_Diamond_Truck" title="International Motors">Blue Diamond Truck</a>.</li> <li>Ford and <a href="/wiki/Sollers_JSC" title="Sollers JSC">Sollers JSC</a> have a 50-50 joint venture called <a href="/wiki/Ford_Sollers" title="Ford Sollers">Ford Sollers</a>.</li> <li>Ford and <a href="/wiki/Ko%C3%A7_Holding" title="Koç Holding">Koç Holding</a> have a 50-50 joint venture called <a href="/wiki/Ford_Otosan" title="Ford Otosan">Ford Otosan</a>.</li> <li>Ford and Lio Ho Group have a joint venture called <a href="/wiki/Ford_Lio_Ho" class="mw-redirect" title="Ford Lio Ho">Ford Lio Ho</a>, Ford owns 70% and Lio Ho Group owns 30%.</li> <li>General Motors and UzAvtosanoat have a joint venture called <a href="/wiki/GM_Uzbekistan" class="mw-redirect" title="GM Uzbekistan">GM Uzbekistan</a>, UzAvtosanoat owns 75% and General Motors owns 25%.</li> <li>General Motors, <a href="/wiki/AvtoVAZ" title="AvtoVAZ">AvtoVAZ</a>, and <a href="/wiki/European_Bank_for_Reconstruction_and_Development" title="European Bank for Reconstruction and Development">EBRD</a> have a joint venture called <a href="/wiki/GM-AvtoVAZ" title="GM-AvtoVAZ">GM-AvtoVAZ</a>, Both GM and AvtoVAZ owns 41.61% and EBRD owns 16.76%.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyundai_Motor_Company" title="Hyundai Motor Company">Hyundai Motor Company</a> and Kibar Holding has a joint venture called <a href="/wiki/Hyundai_Assan_Otomotiv" title="Hyundai Assan Otomotiv">Hyundai Assan Otomotiv</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hyundai_Motor_Group" title="Hyundai Motor Group">Hyundai</a> owns 70% and Kibar Holding owns 30%.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isuzu" title="Isuzu">Isuzu</a> and Anadolu Group have a 50-50% joint venture called <a href="/wiki/Isuzu_(Anadolu)" title="Isuzu (Anadolu)">Anadolu Isuzu</a>.</li> <li>Isuzu and <a href="/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">General Motors</a> has a 50-50% joint venture called <a href="/wiki/Isuzu_Truck_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Isuzu Truck South Africa">Isuzu Truck South Africa</a>.</li> <li>Isuzu, <a href="/wiki/Sollers_JSC" title="Sollers JSC">Sollers JSC</a>, and Imperial Sojitz have a joint venture called <a href="/wiki/Sollers-Isuzu" title="Sollers-Isuzu">Sollers-Isuzu</a>, Sollers JSC owns 66%, Isuzu owns 29%, and Imperial Sojitz owns 5%.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahindra_%26_Mahindra" title="Mahindra & Mahindra">Mahindra & Mahindra</a> and <a href="/wiki/International_Motors" title="International Motors">International Motors</a> have a joint venture called <a href="/wiki/Mahindra_Navistar" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahindra Navistar">Mahindra Trucks and Buses Limited</a>. Mahindra & Mahindra owns 51% and International Motors owns 49%.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAN_SE" title="MAN SE">MAN SE</a> and UzAvtosanoat have a joint venture called <a href="/wiki/MAN_Auto-Uzbekistan" title="MAN Auto-Uzbekistan">MAN Auto-Uzbekistan</a>, UzAvtosanoat owns 51% and MAN SE owns 49%.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PSA_Group" title="PSA Group">PSA</a> and <a href="/wiki/Toyota" title="Toyota">Toyota</a> have a 50-50% joint venture called <a href="/wiki/Toyota_Peugeot_Citro%C3%ABn_Automobile_Czech" class="mw-redirect" title="Toyota Peugeot Citroën Automobile Czech">Toyota Peugeot Citroën Automobile Czech</a>.</li> <li>PSA and <a href="/wiki/CK_Birla_Group" title="CK Birla Group">CK Birla Group</a> (AVTEC) have a 50-50% joint venture called PSA AVTEC Powertrain Pvt. Ltd.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sollers_JSC" title="Sollers JSC">Sollers JSC</a> is involved in joint ventures with <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ford_Sollers" title="Ford Sollers">Ford Sollers</a> ) and <a href="/wiki/Mazda" title="Mazda">Mazda</a> to produce cars.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Motors" title="Tata Motors">Tata Motors</a> also formed a joint venture in India with <a href="/wiki/Fiat" title="Fiat">Fiat</a> and gained access to Fiat's diesel engine technology.</li> <li>Tata Motors and <a href="/wiki/Marcopolo_S.A." title="Marcopolo S.A.">Marcopolo</a> have a joint venture called <a href="/wiki/Tata_Marcopolo" title="Tata Marcopolo">Tata Marcopolo</a>, where Tata owns 51% and Marcopolo owns 49%.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volvo" title="Volvo">Volvo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eicher_Motors" title="Eicher Motors">Eicher Motors</a> have a 50-50% joint venture called VE Commercial Vehicles.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115" /><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2008%E2%80%932010_automotive_industry_crisis" title="2008–2010 automotive industry crisis">2008–2010 automotive industry crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Automobile_Manufacturers" title="Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers">Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_by_country" title="Automotive industry by country">Automotive industry by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Automotive industry in the United States">Automotive industry in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Three_(automobile_manufacturers)" title="Big Three (automobile manufacturers)">Big Three (automobile manufacturers)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_the_2008%E2%80%9310_automotive_industry_crisis_on_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Effects of the 2008–10 automotive industry crisis on the United States">Effects of the 2008–10 automotive industry crisis on the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_motor_vehicle_production" title="List of countries by motor vehicle production">List of countries by motor vehicle production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_acronyms_and_abbreviations" title="Automotive acronyms and abbreviations">Automotive acronyms and abbreviations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motocycle" title="Motocycle">Motocycle</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Rank2017-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rank2017_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As of 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SAIC-GM-Wuling-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SAIC-GM-Wuling_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">OICA lists SAIC-GM-Wuling combined with G.M. until 2014 but separately from 2015. Including SAIC-GM-Wuling, G.M. would still be larger than Hyundai until 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rank2012-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rank2012_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As of 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FCA-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FCA_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fiat acquired Chrysler in 2012. However, Fiat and Chrysler was still listed separately by OICA in 2012, and combined first from 2013. Separately, the production by Fiat was 2,127,295 and by Chrysler 2,371,427.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/45050">Automotive industry</a> at the <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNieuwenhuisWells2015" class="citation book cs1">Nieuwenhuis, Paul; Wells, Peter (2015). <i>The Global Automotive Industry</i> (1st ed.). Chicester: <a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wiley & Sons">John Wiley & Sons</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781118802397" title="Special:BookSources/9781118802397"><bdi>9781118802397</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Global+Automotive+Industry&rft.place=Chicester&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9781118802397&rft.aulast=Nieuwenhuis&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.au=Wells%2C+Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iri.jrc.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/contentype/scoreboard/2021-12/EU%20RD%20Scoreboard%202021%20FINAL%20online.pdf">"The 2021 EU Industrial R&D Investment Scoreboard"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>European Commission</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=oica.net&rft.atitle=2006+Production+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foica.net%2Fcategory%2Fproduction-statistics%2F2006-statistics%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/2007-statistics/">"2007 Production Statistics"</a>. <i>oica.net</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=oica.net&rft.atitle=2007+Production+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foica.net%2Fcategory%2Fproduction-statistics%2F2007-statistics%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/2008-statistics/">"2008 Production Statistics"</a>. <i>oica.net</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=oica.net&rft.atitle=2008+Production+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foica.net%2Fcategory%2Fproduction-statistics%2F2008-statistics%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/2009-statistics">"2009 Production Statistics"</a>. <i>oica.net</i>.</cite><span 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=oica.net&rft.atitle=2011+Production+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foica.net%2Fcategory%2Fproduction-statistics%2F2011-statistics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/2012-statistics">"2012 Production Statistics"</a>. <i>oica.net</i>.</cite><span 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=oica.net&rft.atitle=2013+Production+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foica.net%2Fcategory%2Fproduction-statistics%2F2013-statistics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/2014-statistics">"2014 Production Statistics"</a>. <i>oica.net</i>.</cite><span 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mercedes-Benz+and+Geely+Holding+have+formally+established+its+global+joint+venture+%22smart+Automobile+Co.%2C+Ltd.%22+for+the+smart+brand&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.daimler.com%2FmarsMediaSite%2Fen%2Finstance%2Fko%2FMercedes-Benz-and-Geely-Holding-have-formally-established-its-global-joint-venture-smart-Automobile-Co-Ltd-for-the-smart-brand.xhtml%3Foid%3D45340879&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Ajitha, P. V., and Ankita Nagra. "An Overview of Artificial Intelligence in Automobile Industry–A Case Study on Tesla Cars." <i>Solid State Technology</i> 64.2 (2021): 503–512. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ankita-Nagra/publication/349298066_An_Overview_of_Artificial_Intelligence_in_Automobile_Industry_-A_Case_Study_on_Tesla_Cars/links/60290f534585158939a2b5e6/An-Overview-of-Artificial-Intelligence-in-Automobile-Industry-A-Case-Study-on-Tesla-Cars.pdf">online</a></li> <li>Banerjee, Preeta M., and Micaela Preskill. "The role of government in shifting firm innovation focus in the automobile industry" in <i>Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Sustainability</i> (Routledge, 2017) pp. 108–129.</li> <li>Bohnsack, René, et al. "Driving the electric bandwagon: The dynamics of incumbents' sustainable innovation." <i>Business Strategy and the Environment</i> 29.2 (2020): 727–743 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/bse.2430">online</a>.</li> <li>Bungsche, Holger. "Regional economic integration and the automobile industry: automobile policies, division of labour, production network formation and market development in the EU and ASEAN." <i>International Journal of Automotive Technology and Management</i> 18.4 (2018): 345–370.</li> <li>Chen, Yuan, C-Y. Cynthia Lin Lawell, and Yunshi Wang. "The Chinese automobile industry and government policy." <i>Research in Transportation Economics</i> 84 (2020): 100849. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.des.ucdavis.edu/faculty/lin/China_auto_mkt_JTRF_paper.pdf">online</a></li> <li>Clark, Kim B., et al. "Product development in the world auto industry." <i>Brookings Papers on economic activity</i> 1987.3 (1987): 729–781. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kim-Clark-2/publication/4909817_Product_Development_in_the_World_Auto_Industry/links/53fdfc560cf22f21c2f90e91/Product-Development-in-the-World-Auto-Industry.pdf">online</a></li> <li>Guzik, Robert, Bolesław Domański, and Krzysztof Gwosdz. "Automotive industry dynamics in Central Europe." in <i>New Frontiers of the Automobile Industry</i> (Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, 2020) pp. 377–397.</li> <li>Imran, Muhammad, and Jawad Abbas. "The role of strategic orientation in export performance of China automobile industry." in <i>Handbook of Research on Managerial Practices and Disruptive Innovation in Asia</i> (2020): 249–263.</li> <li>Jetin, Bruno. "Who will control the electric vehicle market?" <i>International Journal of Automotive Technology and Management</i> 20.2 (2020): 156–177. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-03193666/document">online</a></li> <li>Kawahara, Akira. <i>The origin of competitive strength: fifty years of the auto industry in Japan and the US</i> (Springer Science & Business Media, 2012).</li> <li>Kuboniwa, Masaaki. "Present and future problems of developments of the Russian auto-industry." <i>RRC Working Paper</i> Series 15 (2009): 1–12. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/rrc/Japanese/pdf/RRC_WP_No15.pdf">online</a></li> <li>Lee, Euna, and Jai S. Mah. "Industrial policy and the development of the electric vehicles industry: The case of Korea." <i>Journal of technology management & innovation</i> 15.4 (2020): 71–80. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scielo.conicyt.cl/scielo.php?pid=S0718-27242020000400071&script=sci_arttext&tlng=p">online</a></li> <li>Link, Stefan J. <i>Forging Global Fordism: Nazi Germany, Soviet Russia, and the Contest over the Industrial Order</i> (2020) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Forging-Global-Fordism-Germany-Industrial/dp/0691177546/">excerpt</a>; influential overview</li> <li>Liu, Shiyong. "Competition and Valuation: A Case Study of Tesla Motors." <i>IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science</i> . Vol. 692. No. 2. (IOP Publishing, 2021) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/692/2/022103/pdf">online</a></li> <li>Miglani, Smita. "The growth of the Indian automobile industry: Analysis of the roles of government policy and other enabling factors." in <i>Innovation, economic development, and intellectual property in India and China</i> (Springer, Singapore, 2019) pp. 439–463.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPavlinek2025" class="citation book cs1">Pavlinek, Petr (2025). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/europes-auto-industry/8FB76CC4D668010A88C4871431C6320D"><i>Europe's Auto Industry: Global Production Networks and Spatial Change</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781009453196" title="Special:BookSources/9781009453196"><bdi>9781009453196</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Europe%27s+Auto+Industry%3A+Global+Production+Networks+and+Spatial+Change&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2025&rft.isbn=9781009453196&rft.aulast=Pavlinek&rft.aufirst=Petr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fbooks%2Feuropes-auto-industry%2F8FB76CC4D668010A88C4871431C6320D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAutomotive+industry" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Qin, Yujie, Yuqing Xiao, and Jiawei Yuan. "The Comprehensive Competitiveness of Tesla Based on Financial Analysis: A Case Study." in <i>2021 International Conference on Financial Management and Economic Transition</i> (FMET 2021). (Atlantis Press, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.atlantis-press.com/article/125961100.pdf">online</a></li> <li>Rawlinson, Michael, and Peter Wells. <i>The new European automobile industry</i> (Springer, 2016).</li> <li>Rubenstein, James M. <i>The changing US auto industry: a geographical analysis</i> (Routledge, 2002).</li> <li>Seo, Dae-Sung. "EV Energy Convergence Plan for Reshaping the European Automobile Industry According to the Green Deal Policy." <i>Journal of Convergence for Information Technology</i> 11.6 (2021): 40–48. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.koreascience.or.kr/article/JAKO202118742188026.pdf">online</a></li> <li>Shigeta, Naoya, and Seyed Ehsan Hosseini. "Sustainable Development of the Automobile Industry in the United States, Europe, and Japan with Special Focus on the Vehicles' Power Sources." <i>Energies</i> 14.1 (2021): 78+ <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/1/78/pdf">online</a></li> <li>Ueno, Hiroya, and Hiromichi Muto. "The automobile industry of Japan." on <i>Industry and Business in Japan</i> (Routledge, 2017) pp. 139–190.</li> <li>Verma, Shrey, Gaurav Dwivedi, and Puneet Verma. "Life cycle assessment of electric vehicles in comparison to combustion engine vehicles: A review." <i>Materials Today: Proceedings</i> (2021) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Shrey-Verma-5/publication/349693055_Life_cycle_assessment_of_electric_vehicles_in_comparison_to_combustion_engine_vehicles_A_review/links/610e40290c2bfa282a2b2fd6/Life-cycle-assessment-of-electric-vehicles-in-comparison-to-combustion-engine-vehicles-A-review.pdf">online</a>.</li> <li>Vošta, M. I. L. A. N., and A. L. E. Š. Kocourek. "Competitiveness of the European automobile industry in the global context." <i>Politics in Central Europe</i> 13.1 (2017): 69–89. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politicsincentraleurope.eu/documents/file/PCE_2017_1_13.pdf#page=71">online</a></li> <li>Zhu, Xiaoxi, et al. "Promoting new energy vehicles consumption: The effect of implementing carbon regulation on automobile industry in China." <i>Computers & Industrial Engineering</i> 135 (2019): 211–226. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Wu-Guangdong/publication/333622343_Promoting_new_energy_vehicles_consumption_The_effect_of_implementing_carbon_regulation_on_automobile_industry_in_China/links/5f81232d92851c14bcbc0a39/Promoting-new-energy-vehicles-consumption-The-effect-of-implementing-carbon-regulation-on-automobile-industry-in-China.pdf">online</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> The dictionary definition of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/automotive_industry" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/automotive industry"><i>automotive industry</i></a> at Wiktionary</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Egypt" title="Automotive industry in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Kenya" title="Automotive industry in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Morocco" title="Automotive industry in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Nigeria" title="Automotive industry in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_South_Africa" title="Automotive industry in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_Africa" title="List of automobile manufacturers of Africa">List of manufacturers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Bangladesh" title="Automotive industry in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_China" title="Automotive industry in China">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_China" title="List of automobile manufacturers of China">manufacturers list</a>, <a href="/wiki/Automobile_manufacturers_and_brands_of_China" title="Automobile manufacturers and brands of China">manufacturers detailed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_India" title="Automotive industry in India">India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_India" title="List of automobile manufacturers of India">manufacturers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Indonesia" title="Automotive industry in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Iran" title="Automotive industry in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Japan" title="Automotive industry in Japan">Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_Japan" title="List of automobile manufacturers of Japan">manufacturers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Malaysia" title="Automotive industry in Malaysia">Malaysia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_Malaysia" title="List of automobile manufacturers of Malaysia">manufacturers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_North_Korea" title="Automotive industry in North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Pakistan" title="Automotive industry in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_the_Philippines" title="Automotive industry in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Russia" title="Automotive industry in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_South_Korea" title="Automotive industry in South Korea">South Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_South_Korea" title="List of automobile manufacturers of South Korea">manufacturers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Taiwan" title="Automotive industry in Taiwan">Taiwan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Taiwanese_automakers" title="List of Taiwanese automakers">manufacturers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Thailand" title="Automotive industry in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Turkey" title="Automotive industry in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Uzbekistan" title="Automotive industry in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Vietnam" title="Automotive industry in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_Asia" title="List of automobile manufacturers of Asia">List of manufacturers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Belarus" title="Automotive industry in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Bulgaria" title="Automotive industry in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Croatia" title="Automotive industry in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Automotive industry in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="List of automobile manufacturers of the Czech Republic">manufacturers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_France" title="Automotive industry in France">France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_France" title="List of automobile manufacturers of France">manufacturers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Germany" title="Automotive industry in Germany">Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_Germany" title="List of automobile manufacturers of Germany">manufacturers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Hungary" title="Automotive industry in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Ireland" title="Automotive industry in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Italy" title="Automotive industry in Italy">Italy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_Italy" title="List of automobile manufacturers of Italy">manufacturers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Automotive industry in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Poland" title="Automotive industry in Poland">Poland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_Poland" title="List of automobile manufacturers of Poland">manufacturers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Romania" title="Automotive industry in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Russia" title="Automotive industry in Russia">Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_Russia" title="List of automobile manufacturers of Russia">manufacturers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Serbia" title="Automotive industry in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Slovakia" title="Automotive industry in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Spain" title="Automotive industry in Spain">Spain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish_automobiles" title="List of Spanish automobiles">manufacturers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Sweden" title="Automotive industry in Sweden">Sweden</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_Sweden" title="List of automobile manufacturers of Sweden">manufacturers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Ukraine" title="Automotive industry in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Automotive industry in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_car_manufacturers_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of car manufacturers of the United Kingdom">manufacturers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_Europe" title="List of automobile manufacturers of Europe">List of manufacturers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Canada" title="Automotive industry in Canada">Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_Canada" title="List of automobile manufacturers of Canada">manufacturers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Mexico" title="Automotive industry in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Automotive industry in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_the_United_States" title="List of automobile manufacturers of the United States">manufacturers</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Argentina" title="Automotive industry in Argentina">Argentina</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobiles_manufactured_in_Argentina" title="List of automobiles manufactured in Argentina">manufacturers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Brazil" title="Automotive industry in Brazil">Brazil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobiles_manufactured_in_Brazil" title="List of automobiles manufactured in Brazil">manufacturers</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Australia" title="Automotive industry in Australia">Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_of_Australia" title="List of automobile manufacturers of Australia">manufacturers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_New_Zealand" title="Automotive industry in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Data</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_sales_by_model" title="List of automobile sales by model">Automobile sales by model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_automobiles" title="List of best-selling automobiles">Best-selling automobiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_motor_vehicle_production" title="List of countries by motor vehicle production">Countries by motor vehicle production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_vehicles_per_capita" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by vehicles per capita">Countries by vehicles per capita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_manufacturers_by_motor_vehicle_production" class="mw-redirect" title="List of manufacturers by motor vehicle production">Top manufacturers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_crisis_of_2008%E2%80%932010" class="mw-redirect" title="Automotive industry crisis of 2008–2010">Automotive industry crisis of 2008–2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_automobile" title="History of the automobile">History of the automobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_internal_combustion_engine" title="History of the internal combustion engine">History of the internal combustion engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_motorcycle" title="History of the motorcycle">History of the motorcycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_motor_vehicle_brands" title="Timeline of motor vehicle brands">Timeline of motor vehicle brands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manufacturers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers" title="List of automobile manufacturers">Automobile manufacturers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_car_brands" title="List of car brands">marques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_automobile_manufacturers_by_parent_company" title="List of automobile manufacturers by parent company">by parent company</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bus_manufacturers" title="Category:Bus manufacturers">Bus manufacturers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_motorcycle_manufacturers" title="List of motorcycle manufacturers">Motorcycle manufacturers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_truck_manufacturers" title="List of truck manufacturers">Truck manufacturers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minor_automotive_manufacturing_groups" title="Minor automotive manufacturing groups">Minor automotive manufacturing groups</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_for_Standardisation_of_Automation_and_Measuring_Systems" title="Association for Standardisation of Automation and Measuring Systems">Association for Standardisation of Automation and Measuring Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Automobile_Manufacturers_Association" title="European Automobile Manufacturers Association">European Automobile Manufacturers Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_Internationale_des_Constructeurs_d%27Automobiles" title="Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d'Automobiles">Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d'Automobiles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_auto_shows_and_motor_shows_by_continent" title="List of auto shows and motor shows by continent">Auto and motor shows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_design" title="Automotive design">Automotive design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_engineering" title="Automotive engineering">Automotive engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drive_time" title="Drive time">Drive time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facelift_(automotive)" title="Facelift (automotive)">Facelift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebadging" title="Rebadging">Rebadging</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_badge-engineered_vehicles" title="List of badge-engineered vehicles">list of vehicles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debadging" title="Debadging">Debadging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_automotive_terms" title="Glossary of automotive terms">Glossary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="hlist"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Automotive_industry" title="Category:Automotive industry">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lists_of_automobile-related_articles" title="Lists of automobile-related articles">List</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/20px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/40px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Cars" title="Portal:Cars">Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Major_industries631" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Industries" title="Template:Industries"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Industries" title="Template talk:Industries"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Industries" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Industries"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Major_industries631" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Major <a href="/wiki/Industry_(economics)" title="Industry (economics)">industries</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Natural_sector631" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Primary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Primary sector of the economy">Natural sector</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Biotic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">Agriculture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arable_farming" class="mw-redirect" title="Arable farming">Arable farming</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cereal#Production" title="Cereal">Cereals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legume#Uses" title="Legume">Legumes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetable_farming" title="Vegetable farming">Vegetables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiber_crop" title="Fiber crop">Fiber crops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetable_oil" title="Vegetable oil">Oilseeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_industry" title="Sugar industry">Sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobacco_industry" title="Tobacco industry">Tobacco</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_crop" title="Permanent crop">Permanent crops</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pome" title="Pome">Apples et al.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berry#Commercial_production" title="Berry">Berries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_production" title="Citrus production">Citrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drupe" title="Drupe">Stone fruits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_culinary_fruits#Tropical_and_tropical-like_fruit" title="List of culinary fruits">Tropical fruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viticulture" title="Viticulture">Viticulture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocoa_bean#Cultivation" title="Cocoa bean">Cocoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Coffee industry">Coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea#Production" title="Tea">Tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nut_(fruit)#Production" title="Nut (fruit)">Nuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olive" title="Olive">Olives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medicinal_plants" title="Medicinal plants">Medicinal plants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spice" title="Spice">Spices</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horticulture_industry" title="Horticulture industry">Horticulture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Floral_industry" title="Floral industry">Flowers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seed_company" title="Seed company">Seeds</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_husbandry" title="Animal husbandry">Animal husbandry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beef_cattle" title="Beef cattle">Beef cattle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dairy_farming#Market" title="Dairy farming">Dairy farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fur_farming" title="Fur farming">Fur farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_industry" title="Horse industry">Horses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livestock" title="Livestock">Other livestock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pig_farming" title="Pig farming">Pig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wool#Production" title="Wool">Wool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poultry_farming" title="Poultry farming">Poultry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beekeeping" title="Beekeeping">Beekeeping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cochineal#Farming" title="Cochineal">Cochineal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shellac" title="Shellac">Shellac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silk#Production_process" title="Silk">Silk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting" title="Hunting">Hunting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trapping" title="Trapping">Fur trapping</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Forestry" title="Forestry">Forestry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silviculture" title="Silviculture">Silviculture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bamboo_cultivation" title="Bamboo cultivation">Bamboo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logging" title="Logging">Logging</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Firewood" title="Firewood">Firewood</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rattan#Economic_and_environmental_issues" title="Rattan">Rattan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sap" title="Sap">Tree tapping</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frankincense#Production" title="Frankincense">Frankincense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gum_arabic#Production" title="Gum arabic">Gum arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gutta-percha#Uses" title="Gutta-percha">Gutta-percha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maple_syrup#Production" title="Maple syrup">Maple syrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mastic_(plant_resin)#Cultivation" title="Mastic (plant resin)">Mastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_rubber#Production" title="Natural rubber">Natural rubber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_sugar" title="Palm sugar">Palm sugar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palm_syrup" title="Palm syrup">syrup</a>, & <a href="/wiki/Palm_wine" title="Palm wine">wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_stores_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval stores industry">Pine resin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mushroom_hunting" title="Mushroom hunting">Wild mushrooms</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fungiculture" title="Fungiculture">Fungiculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truffle" title="Truffle">Truffles</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aquatic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry" title="Fishing industry">Fishing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anchovy#Fisheries" title="Anchovy">Anchovies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herring#Fisheries" title="Herring">Herring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardine#Fisheries" title="Sardine">Sardines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cod_fisheries" title="Cod fisheries">Cod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haddock#Fisheries" title="Haddock">Haddock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_pollock#Fisheries" title="Alaska pollock">Pollock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mackerel#Fisheries" title="Mackerel">Mackerel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shark#Fishery" title="Shark">Shark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swordfish#Fisheries" title="Swordfish">Swordfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuna#Fishing_industry" title="Tuna">Tuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crab_fisheries" title="Crab fisheries">Crabs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobster_fishing" title="Lobster fishing">Lobsters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_urchin#As_food" title="Sea urchin">Sea urchins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squid#Commercial_fishing" title="Squid">Squid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whaling" title="Whaling">Whaling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture" title="Aquaculture">Aquaculture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carp#Aquaculture" title="Carp">Carp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_of_catfish" title="Aquaculture of catfish">Catfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_of_tilapia" title="Aquaculture of tilapia">Tilapia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abalone#Farming" title="Abalone">Abalone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mussel#Aquaculture" title="Mussel">Mussels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyster_farming" title="Oyster farming">Oysters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultured_pearl" title="Cultured pearl">Pearls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_microalgae_in_hatcheries" title="Culture of microalgae in hatcheries">Microalgae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seaweed_farming" title="Seaweed farming">Seaweed</a></li></ul></li> <li>Both <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clam_digging" title="Clam digging">Clams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_cucumbers_as_food" title="Sea cucumbers as food">Sea cucumbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scallop#Seafood_industry" title="Scallop">Scallops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmon" title="Salmon">Salmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrimp#Human_uses" title="Shrimp">Shrimp</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geological</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuel_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Fossil fuel industry">Fossil fuels</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coal_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Coal industry">Coal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peat" title="Peat">Peat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">Natural gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_shale_industry" title="Oil shale industry">Oil shale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry" title="Petroleum industry">Petroleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_sands" title="Oil sands">Tar sands</a></li></ul></li> <li>Mining of ores <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aluminium#Production_and_refinement" title="Aluminium">Aluminum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copper#Production" title="Copper">Copper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_ore#Production_and_consumption" title="Iron ore">Iron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_mining" title="Gold mining">Gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_mining" title="Silver mining">Silver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium">Palladium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platinum#Production" title="Platinum">Platinum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithium#Production" title="Lithium">Lithium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rare-earth_element#Global_rare-earth_production" title="Rare-earth element">Rare-earth metals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranium_mining" title="Uranium mining">Uranium</a></li></ul></li> <li>Other minerals <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gemstone" title="Gemstone">Gemstones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus#Production" title="Phosphorus">Phosphorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potash#Production" title="Potash">Potash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt#Production" title="Salt">Salt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfur#Production" title="Sulfur">Sulfur</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarry" title="Quarry">Quarrying</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gravel_pit" title="Gravel pit">Gravel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sand_mining" title="Sand mining">Sand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalk_mining" title="Chalk mining">Chalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clay_pit" title="Clay pit">Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gypsum#Mining" title="Gypsum">Gypsum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limestone#Uses" title="Limestone">Limestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimension_stone#Production" title="Dimension stone">Dimension stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granite#Industry" title="Granite">Granite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marble#Production" title="Marble">Marble</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Industrial_sector631" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Secondary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Secondary sector of the economy">Industrial sector</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manufacturing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Light_industry" title="Light industry">Light industry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Food_industry" title="Food industry">Food</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feed_manufacturing" title="Feed manufacturing">Animal feed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baking#Commercial_baking" title="Baking">Baking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canning" title="Canning">Canning</a></li> <li>Dairy products</li> <li>Flour</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_industry" title="Meat industry">Meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convenience_food" title="Convenience food">Prepared</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_preservation" title="Food preservation">Preserved</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candy_making" title="Candy making">Sweets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetable_oil#Production" title="Vegetable oil">Vegetable oils</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drink_industry" title="Drink industry">Beverages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brewing_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Brewing industry">Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottled_water" title="Bottled water">Bottled water</a></li> <li>Liquor</li> <li>Soft drinks</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winemaking" title="Winemaking">Wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_industry" title="Textile industry">Textiles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carding" title="Carding">Carding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyeing" title="Dyeing">Dyeing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_printing" title="Textile printing">Prints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinning_(textiles)" title="Spinning (textiles)">Spinning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weaving" title="Weaving">Weaving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpet" title="Carpet">Carpets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lace" title="Lace">Lace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linens" title="Linens">Linens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rope" title="Rope">Rope</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_industry" title="Clothing industry">Clothing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_accessory" title="Fashion accessory">Accessories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dressmaker" title="Dressmaker">Dressmaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fur_clothing" title="Fur clothing">Furs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatmaking" title="Hatmaking">Hatmaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewing" title="Sewing">Sewing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoemaking" title="Shoemaking">Shoemaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tailor" title="Tailor">Tailoring</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printing" title="Printing">Printing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bookbinding" title="Bookbinding">Bookbinding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_embossing" title="Paper embossing">Embossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engraving" title="Engraving">Engraving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_printing" title="Security printing">Secure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Typesetting" title="Typesetting">Typesetting</a></li></ul></li> <li>Media reproduction <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cassette_tape" class="mw-redirect" title="Cassette tape">Cassette tapes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Production_of_phonograph_records" title="Production of phonograph records">Phonographs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_Disc_manufacturing" class="mw-redirect" title="Compact Disc manufacturing">Optical discs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metal_fabrication" title="Metal fabrication">Metal fabrication</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boilermaking" class="mw-redirect" title="Boilermaking">Boilermaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Builders_hardware" title="Builders hardware">Builders'</a> & <a href="/wiki/Household_hardware" class="mw-redirect" title="Household hardware">household hardware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cutlery" title="Cutlery">Cutlery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunsmith" title="Gunsmith">Gunsmithing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locksmithing" title="Locksmithing">Locksmithing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machine_shop" title="Machine shop">Machining</a></li> <li>Other <a href="/wiki/Metalsmith" title="Metalsmith">smithing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powder_metallurgy" title="Powder metallurgy">Powder metallurgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefabrication" title="Prefabrication">Prefabrication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface_finishing" title="Surface finishing">Surface finishing</a></li></ul></li> <li>Other fabrication <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3D_printing" title="3D printing">3D printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blow_molding" title="Blow molding">Blow molding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drawing_(manufacturing)" title="Drawing (manufacturing)">Drawing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extrusion" title="Extrusion">Extrusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glassblowing" title="Glassblowing">Glassblowing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Injection_moulding" title="Injection moulding">Injection moulding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pottery" title="Pottery">Pottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sintering" title="Sintering">Sintering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonemasonry" title="Stonemasonry">Stonemasonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodworking" title="Woodworking">Woodworking</a></li></ul></li> <li>Furniture</li> <li>Other goods <ul><li>Baggage</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_industry" title="Bicycle industry">Bicycles</a></li> <li>Jewellery</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_device" title="Medical device">Medical supplies</a></li> <li>Musical instruments</li> <li>Office supplies</li> <li>Outdoors & sports equipment</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_protective_equipment" title="Personal protective equipment">Personal protective equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toy#Economics" title="Toy">Toys</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Electrical <br /> & optical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electronics_industry" title="Electronics industry">Electronics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_component" title="Electronic component">Components</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printed_circuit_board#Manufacturing" title="Printed circuit board">Circuit boards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semiconductor_industry" title="Semiconductor industry">Semiconductors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer industry">Computers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_computer_system_manufacturers" title="List of computer system manufacturers">Computer systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_computer_hardware_manufacturers" title="List of computer hardware manufacturers">Parts & peripherals</a></li> <li>Blank <a href="/wiki/Computer_data_storage#Storage_media" title="Computer data storage">storage media</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_equipment" title="Telecommunications equipment">Communications equipment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone#Sales" title="Mobile phone">Mobile phones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_equipment_provider" title="Network equipment provider">Network infrastructure</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_electronics#Products" title="Consumer electronics">Consumer electronics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Television_set#Major_manufacturers" title="Television set">Televisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_console#Market" title="Video game console">Video game consoles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instrumentation" title="Instrumentation">Instrumentation</a> <ul><li>Clocks and watches</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_navigation_device#Consumer_applications" title="Satellite navigation device">GPS devices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_instrument#List_of_scientific_instruments_manufacturers" title="Scientific instrument">Scientific instruments</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_imaging#Industry" title="Medical imaging">Medical imaging systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_instrument" title="Optical instrument">Optical instruments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camera" title="Camera">Cameras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telescopic_sight" title="Telescopic sight">Gun</a> & <a href="/wiki/Spotting_scope" title="Spotting scope">spotting scopes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laser_construction" title="Laser construction">Laser construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_manufacturing_and_testing" title="Optical manufacturing and testing">Lens grinding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microscope" title="Microscope">Microscopes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telescope" title="Telescope">Telescopes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrical_device" title="Electrical device">Electrical equipment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electric_battery" title="Electric battery">Batteries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrical_cable" title="Electrical cable">Electrical</a> & <a href="/wiki/Optical_fiber" title="Optical fiber">fiber optic</a> cables</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_light" title="Electric light">Electric lighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_motor" title="Electric motor">Electric motors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_appliance" title="Home appliance">Home appliances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transformer" title="Transformer">Transformers</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_industry" title="Chemical industry">Chemicals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Coal & <a href="/wiki/Oil_refinery" title="Oil refinery">oil refining</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bitumen" title="Bitumen">Bitumen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coke_(fuel)" title="Coke (fuel)">Coke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diesel_fuel" title="Diesel fuel">Diesel fuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuel_oil" title="Fuel oil">Fuel oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gasoline" title="Gasoline">Gasoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jet_fuel" title="Jet fuel">Jet fuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerosene" title="Kerosene">Kerosene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mineral_oil" title="Mineral oil">Mineral oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraffin_wax" title="Paraffin wax">Paraffin wax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrochemical" title="Petrochemical">Petrochemicals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_jelly" title="Petroleum jelly">Petroleum jelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propane" title="Propane">Propane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_oil" title="Synthetic oil">Synthetic oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tar" title="Tar">Tar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodity_chemicals" title="Commodity chemicals">Commodity chemicals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fertilizer#Production" title="Fertilizer">Fertilizers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_gas" title="Industrial gas">Industrial gases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pigment" title="Pigment">Pigments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_element#Allotropes" title="Chemical element">Pure elements</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speciality_chemicals" title="Speciality chemicals">Speciality chemicals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adhesive" title="Adhesive">Adhesives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrochemical" title="Agrochemical">Agrochemicals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aroma_compound" title="Aroma compound">Aroma compounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleaning_agent" title="Cleaning agent">Cleaning products</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmetics" title="Cosmetics">Cosmetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explosive" title="Explosive">Explosives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fireworks" title="Fireworks">Fireworks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paint" title="Paint">Paints</a> & <a href="/wiki/Ink" title="Ink">inks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perfume" title="Perfume">Perfumes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soap" title="Soap">Soap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toiletries" class="mw-redirect" title="Toiletries">Toiletries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fine_chemical" title="Fine chemical">Fine chemicals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industry" title="Pharmaceutical industry">Pharmaceuticals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Production_of_antibiotics" title="Production of antibiotics">Antibiotics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_product" title="Blood product">Blood products</a></li> <li>Chemical & hormonal <a href="/wiki/Birth_control" title="Birth control">contraceptives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generic_drug" title="Generic drug">Generic drugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade" title="Illegal drug trade">Illegal drugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dietary_supplement" title="Dietary supplement">Supplements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaccine" title="Vaccine">Vaccines</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Materials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leather" title="Leather">Leather</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liming_(leather_processing)" title="Liming (leather processing)">Liming</a> & <a href="/wiki/Deliming" title="Deliming">deliming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanning_(leather)" title="Tanning (leather)">Tanning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Currier" title="Currier">Currying</a> & <a href="/wiki/Oiling_(leather_processing)" title="Oiling (leather processing)">oiling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_industry" title="Wood industry">Wood</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wood_drying" title="Wood drying">Drying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawmill" title="Sawmill">Sawmilling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engineered_wood" title="Engineered wood">Engineered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumber" title="Lumber">Lumber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood-plastic_composite" class="mw-redirect" title="Wood-plastic composite">Composite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_and_paper_industry" title="Pulp and paper industry">Paper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sizing#Papermaking" title="Sizing">Sizing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardboard" title="Cardboard">Cardboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_(paper)" title="Pulp (paper)">Pulp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tissue_paper" title="Tissue paper">Tissue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_rubber" title="Synthetic rubber">Rubber</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tire_manufacturing" title="Tire manufacturing">Tires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulcanization" title="Vulcanization">Vulcanized rubber</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastics_industry" title="Plastics industry">Plastics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commodity_plastics" title="Commodity plastics">Commodity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engineering_plastic" title="Engineering plastic">Engineered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-performance_plastics" title="High-performance plastics">Specialty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelletizing" title="Pelletizing">Pellets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_fiber" title="Synthetic fiber">Synthetic fibers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermoplastic" title="Thermoplastic">Thermoplastics</a> & <a href="/wiki/Thermosetting_polymer" title="Thermosetting polymer">thermosets</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_production" title="Glass production">Glass</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borosilicate_glass" title="Borosilicate glass">Borosilicate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fused_quartz" title="Fused quartz">Fused quartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soda%E2%80%93lime_glass" title="Soda–lime glass">Soda-lime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Float_glass" title="Float glass">Float glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_fiber" title="Glass fiber">Glass fiber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_wool" title="Glass wool">Glass wool</a> & <a href="/wiki/Fiberglass" title="Fiberglass">fiberglass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety_glass" title="Safety glass">Safety glass</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceramic" title="Ceramic">Ceramics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brickworks" title="Brickworks">Brick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earthenware" title="Earthenware">Earthenware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porcelain#Other_uses" title="Porcelain">Porcelain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refractory" title="Refractory">Refractory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tile" title="Tile">Tile</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cement#Cement_industry_in_the_world" title="Cement">Cement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mortar_(masonry)" title="Mortar (masonry)">Mortar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaster" title="Plaster">Plaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ready-mix_concrete" title="Ready-mix concrete">Ready-mix concrete</a></li></ul></li> <li>Other mineral <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abrasive" title="Abrasive">Abrasives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_fibers" title="Carbon fibers">Carbon fibers</a> & <a href="/wiki/Allotropes_of_carbon" title="Allotropes of carbon">advanced materials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mineral_wool" title="Mineral wool">Mineral wool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_gem" class="mw-redirect" title="Synthetic gem">Synthetic gems</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extractive_metallurgy" title="Extractive metallurgy">Metal refining</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ironworks" title="Ironworks">Iron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aluminium_smelting" title="Aluminium smelting">Aluminum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copper_extraction" title="Copper extraction">Copper</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alloy" title="Alloy">Alloys</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steel_mill" title="Steel mill">Steel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forming_(metalworking)" title="Forming (metalworking)">Formed metal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rolling_(metalworking)" title="Rolling (metalworking)">Rolled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forging" title="Forging">Forged</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundry" title="Foundry">Cast metal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Heavy_industry" title="Heavy industry">Heavy industry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Machine_industry" title="Machine industry">Machinery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conveyor_system" title="Conveyor system">Conveyors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_equipment" title="Heavy equipment">Heavy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_machinery" title="Hydraulic machinery">Hydraulic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machine_tool_builder" title="Machine tool builder">Machine tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turbo_generator" title="Turbo generator">Power</a> & <a href="/wiki/Wind_turbine" title="Wind turbine">wind turbines</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Automobiles</a></li> <li>Other heavy <a href="/wiki/Vehicle" title="Vehicle">vehicles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aerospace_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Aerospace industry">Aerospace</a> & <a href="/wiki/Space_industry" title="Space industry">space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolling_stock" title="Rolling stock">Rail vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipbuilding" title="Shipbuilding">Ships</a> & <a href="/wiki/Oil_platform" title="Oil platform">offshore platforms</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arms_industry" title="Arms industry">Weapons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Public_utility" title="Public utility">Utilities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Power <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electric_power_industry" title="Electric power industry">Electric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_gas#Domestic_use" title="Natural gas">Gas distribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_commercialization" title="Renewable energy commercialization">Renewable</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_industry" title="Water industry">Water</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sewage_treatment" title="Sewage treatment">Sewage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_industry" title="Waste management industry">Waste management</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Waste_collection" title="Waste collection">Collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landfill" title="Landfill">Dumping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazardous_waste" title="Hazardous waste">Hazardous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recycling" title="Recycling">Recycling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_remediation" title="Environmental remediation">Remediation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_industry" title="Telecommunications industry">Telecom networks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cable_television" title="Cable television">Cable TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_service_provider" title="Internet service provider">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_operator" title="Mobile phone operator">Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_satellite" title="Communications satellite">Satellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Telephone company">Telephone</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Construction" title="Construction">Construction</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Building" title="Building">Buildings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_property" title="Commercial property">Commercial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_architecture" title="Industrial architecture">Industrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_construction" title="Home construction">Residential</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_engineering" title="Civil engineering">Civil engineering</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_building" class="mw-redirect" title="Bridge building">Bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railway_track" title="Railway track">Railways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roadbuilding" class="mw-redirect" title="Roadbuilding">Roads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunnel#Construction" title="Tunnel">Tunnels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal#Construction" title="Canal">Canals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dam" title="Dam">Dams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dredging#Major_dredging_companies" title="Dredging">Dredging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbor" title="Harbor">Harbors</a></li></ul></li> <li>Specialty trades <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinetry" title="Cabinetry">Cabinetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demolition" title="Demolition">Demolition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrical_wiring" title="Electrical wiring">Electrical wiring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elevator_mechanic" title="Elevator mechanic">Elevators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heating,_ventilation,_and_air_conditioning#HVAC_industry_and_standards" title="Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning">HVAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator" title="House painter and decorator">Painting and decorating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plumbing" title="Plumbing">Plumbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earthworks_(engineering)" title="Earthworks (engineering)">Site preparation</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Service_sector631" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tertiary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Tertiary sector of the economy">Service sector</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sales" title="Sales">Sales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Retail" title="Retail">Retail</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Car_dealership" title="Car dealership">Car dealership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast-moving_consumer_goods" title="Fast-moving consumer goods">Consumer goods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_store" title="General store">General store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grocery_store" title="Grocery store">Grocery store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_store" title="Department store">Department store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mail_order" title="Mail order">Mail order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_shopping" title="Online shopping">Online shopping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Specialty_store" title="Specialty store">Specialty store</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wholesaling" title="Wholesaling">Wholesale</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auction" title="Auction">Auction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broker" title="Broker">Brokerage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distribution_(marketing)" title="Distribution (marketing)">Distribution</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transport" title="Transport">Transport</a> <br /> & Storage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cargo" title="Cargo">Cargo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_cargo" title="Air cargo">Air cargo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermodal_freight_transport" title="Intermodal freight transport">Intermodal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mail" title="Mail">Mail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moving_company" title="Moving company">Moving company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_freight_transport" title="Rail freight transport">Rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trucking" class="mw-redirect" title="Trucking">Trucking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passenger_transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Passenger transport">Passenger transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airline" title="Airline">Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Car_rental" title="Car rental">Car rentals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passenger_rail" class="mw-redirect" title="Passenger rail">Passenger rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridesharing_company" title="Ridesharing company">Ridesharing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxi" title="Taxi">Taxis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warehouse" title="Warehouse">Warehousing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Self_storage" title="Self storage">Self storage</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hospitality_industry" title="Hospitality industry">Hospitality</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foodservice" title="Foodservice">Foodservice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drinking_establishment" title="Drinking establishment">Drink service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffeehouse" title="Coffeehouse">Cafés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catering" title="Catering">Catering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fast_food" title="Fast food">Fast food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_delivery" title="Food delivery">Food delivery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restaurant" title="Restaurant">Restaurants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teahouse" title="Teahouse">Teahouses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotel" title="Hotel">Hotels</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asset_management" title="Asset management">Asset management</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Financial_services" title="Financial services">Financial services</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bank" title="Bank">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Credit" title="Credit">Credit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_adviser" title="Financial adviser">Financial advice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holding_company" title="Holding company">Holding company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_funds_transfer" title="Electronic funds transfer">Money transfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Payment_card_industry" title="Payment card industry">Payment cards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risk_management" title="Risk management">Risk management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_(finance)" title="Security (finance)">Securities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurance" title="Insurance">Insurance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Health_insurance" title="Health insurance">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_insurance" title="Life insurance">Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pension_fund" title="Pension fund">Pension funding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property_insurance" title="Property insurance">Property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinsurance" title="Reinsurance">Reinsurance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_estate_economics" title="Real estate economics">Real estate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Real_estate_agent" title="Real estate agent">Brokerage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Property_management" title="Property management">Property management</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Professional_services" title="Professional services">Professional</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accounting_network" title="Accounting network">Accounting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assurance_services" title="Assurance services">Assurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audit" title="Audit">Audit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bookkeeping" title="Bookkeeping">Bookkeeping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_advisor" title="Tax advisor">Tax advice</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architectural_firm" title="Architectural firm">Architecture</a> & <a href="/wiki/Engineering" title="Engineering">engineering</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inspection" title="Inspection">Inspection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveying" title="Surveying">Surveying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_test" title="Physical test">Physical</a>, <a href="/wiki/Product_testing" title="Product testing">product</a>, & <a href="/wiki/System_testing" title="System testing">system testing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design" title="Design">Design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_design" title="Fashion design">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interior_design" title="Interior design">Interior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_design" title="Industrial design">Product</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Practice_of_law" title="Practice of law">Legal services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Management" title="Management">Management</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consulting_firm" title="Consulting firm">Consulting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_relations" title="Public relations">Public relations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marketing" title="Marketing">Marketing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advertising_industry" title="Advertising industry">Advertising</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creative_industries" title="Creative industries">Creative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_industry" title="Language industry">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Research_and_development" title="Research and development">Research and development</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basic_research" title="Basic research">Basic research</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_industry" title="Healthcare industry">Healthcare</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Medicine <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dentist_office" class="mw-redirect" title="Dentist office">Dentist offices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospital" title="Hospital">Hospitals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nursing" title="Nursing">Nursing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Residential_care" title="Residential care">Residential care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veterinary_medicine" title="Veterinary medicine">Veterinary medicine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Entertainment#Industry" title="Entertainment">Entertainment</a><br /> & <a href="/wiki/Leisure_industry" title="Leisure industry">leisure</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Audio-visual <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Film_industry" title="Film industry">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_industry" title="Music industry">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_industry" title="Video game industry">Video games</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcasting" title="Broadcasting">Broadcasting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/News_agency" title="News agency">News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_industry" title="Radio industry">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television#Content" title="Television">Television</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_industry" title="Sport industry">Sport</a></li> <li>Travel <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Business_travel" title="Business travel">Business travel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruise_line" title="Cruise line">Cruise lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism" title="Tourism">Tourism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casino" title="Casino">Gambling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Online_gambling" title="Online gambling">Online</a></li></ul></li> <li>Venues <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amusement_arcade" title="Amusement arcade">Arcades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amusement_park" title="Amusement park">Amusement parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fair" title="Fair">Fairgrounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nightclub" title="Nightclub">Nightclubs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabletop_game_industry" title="Tabletop game industry">Tabletop games</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Publishing" title="Publishing">Publishing</a> <br /> & <a href="/wiki/Mass_media" title="Mass media">Mass media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Written <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book" title="Book">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periodical_literature" title="Periodical literature">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_industry" title="Software industry">Software</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Web_hosting_service" title="Web hosting service">Hosting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_networking_service" title="Social networking service">Social networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streaming_media" title="Streaming media">Streaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Website" title="Website">Websites</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Education" title="Education">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Primary_education" title="Primary education">Primary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_education" title="Secondary education">Secondary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tertiary_education" title="Tertiary education">Tertiary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vocational_school" title="Vocational school">Vocational school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University" title="University">University</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standardized_test" title="Standardized test">Testing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutoring" title="Tutoring">Tutoring</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Administrative <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Customer_service" title="Customer service">Customer service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lease" title="Lease">Leasing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renting" title="Renting">Renting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Employment_agency" title="Employment agency">Staffing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_investigator" title="Private investigator">Private investigation</a> & <a href="/wiki/Security_company" title="Security company">security</a></li></ul></li> <li>Maintenance <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Janitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Janitor">Janitors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landscape_maintenance" title="Landscape maintenance">Landscaping</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maintenance_(technical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maintenance (technical)">Repairs</a></li> <li>Personal services <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beauty_salon" title="Beauty salon">Beauty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_cleaning" title="Dry cleaning">Dry cleaning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funeral_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Funeral industry">Funeral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maid_service" title="Maid service">Maid service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pet_industry" title="Pet industry">Pet care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_industry" title="Sex industry">Sex</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_industry" title="Poverty industry">Poverty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Related631" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Related</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Industry_classification" title="Industry classification">Classification <br /> standards</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Production-based <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_and_New_Zealand_Standard_Industrial_Classification" title="Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification">ANZSIC</a></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Industrial_Classification" title="International Standard Industrial Classification">ISIC</a></b></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistical_Classification_of_Economic_Activities_in_the_European_Community" title="Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community">NACE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Industry_Classification_System" title="North American Industry Classification System">NAICS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Industrial_Classification" title="Standard Industrial Classification">SIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Standard_Industrial_Classification_of_Economic_Activities" title="United Kingdom Standard Industrial Classification of Economic Activities">UKSIC</a></li></ul></li> <li>Market-based <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Global_Industry_Classification_Standard" title="Global Industry Classification Standard">GICS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industry_Classification_Benchmark" title="Industry Classification Benchmark">ICB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Refinitiv_Business_Classification" title="The Refinitiv Business Classification">TRBC</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Factors_of_production" title="Factors of production">Inputs</a> <br /> & <a href="/wiki/Output_(economics)" title="Output (economics)">outputs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Externality" title="Externality">Externalities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Community" title="Community">Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime" title="Crime">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture" title="Culture">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollution" title="Pollution">Pollution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Well-being" title="Well-being">Well-being</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funding" title="Funding">Funding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goods" title="Goods">Goods</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commodity" title="Commodity">Commodities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Final_good" title="Final good">Final</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermediate_good" title="Intermediate good">Intermediate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raw_material" title="Raw material">Raw material</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innovation" title="Innovation">Innovation</a></li> <li>Primary inputs <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Work_(human_activity)" title="Work (human activity)">Labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_resource" title="Natural resource">Natural resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_capital" title="Physical capital">Physical capital</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_(economics)" title="Service (economics)">Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technology" title="Technology">Technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Organization" title="Organization">Organization</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centralization" class="mw-redirect" title="Centralization">Centralization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cartel" title="Cartel">Cartel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conglomerate_(company)" title="Conglomerate (company)">Conglomerate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horizontal_integration" title="Horizontal integration">Horizontal integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mergers_and_acquisitions" title="Mergers and acquisitions">Mergers and acquisitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monopoly" title="Monopoly">Monopoly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monopsony" title="Monopsony">Monopsony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertical_integration" title="Vertical integration">Vertical integration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decentralization" title="Decentralization">Decentralization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Competition_law" title="Competition law">Enforced breakup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freelancer" title="Freelancer">Freelancing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homesteading" title="Homesteading">Homesteading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outsourcing" title="Outsourcing">Outsourcing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putting-out_system" title="Putting-out system">Putting-out system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_spin-off" title="Corporate spin-off">Spinning-off</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temporary_work" title="Temporary work">Temporary work</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ownership" title="Ownership">Ownership</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cooperative" title="Cooperative">Cooperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint-stock_company" title="Joint-stock company">Joint-stock company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalization" title="Nationalization">Nationalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonprofit_organization" title="Nonprofit organization">Nonprofit organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partnership" title="Partnership">Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privatization" title="Privatization">Privatization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sole_proprietorship" title="Sole proprietorship">Sole proprietorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State-owned_enterprise" title="State-owned enterprise">State-owned enterprise</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Industry_(economics)" title="Category:Industry (economics)"><b>Category</b></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Industries" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Industries"><b>Commons</b></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/20px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/40px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_industry" title="Outline of industry"><b>Outline</b></a></li></ul> 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