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Frygisk – Wikipedia

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class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_no.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=nb" class=""><span>Doner</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Opprett_konto&amp;returnto=Frygisk" title="Du oppfordres til å opprette en konto og logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk" class=""><span>Opprett konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&amp;returnto=Frygisk" title="Du oppfordres til å logge inn, men det er ikke 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vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhold</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Til toppen)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Inskripsjoner" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inskripsjoner"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Inskripsjoner</span> </div> </a> <ul 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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Litteratur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litteratur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Litteratur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Litteratur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_lenker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_lenker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Eksterne lenker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_lenker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Frygisk</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 44 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-44" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">44 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frygisk" title="Frygisk – norsk nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Frygisk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norsk nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frygiska" title="Frygiska – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Frygiska" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="لغة فريجية – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لغة فريجية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_frichio" title="Idioma frichio – aragonsk" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Idioma frichio" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frixu" title="Frixu – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Frixu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frigiya_dili" title="Frigiya dili – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Frigiya dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Фрыгійская мова – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Фрыгійская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Фригийски език – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Фригийски език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frigi_(llengua)" title="Frigi (llengua) – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Frigi (llengua)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%BD%C5%BE%C5%A1tina" title="Frýžština – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Frýžština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phrygische_Sprache" title="Phrygische Sprache – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Phrygische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fryg%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Frygšćina – lavsorbisk" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Frygšćina" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="lavsorbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CF%81%CF%85%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Φρυγική γλώσσα – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φρυγική γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phrygian_language" title="Phrygian language – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Phrygian language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_frigio" title="Idioma frigio – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma frigio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friga_lingvo" title="Friga lingvo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Friga lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AC%DB%8C" title="زبان فریجی – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان فریجی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phrygien_(langue)" title="Phrygien (langue) – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Phrygien (langue)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_frixia" title="Lingua frixia – galisisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua frixia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EA%B8%B0%EC%95%84%EC%96%B4" title="프리기아어 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프리기아어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%93%D5%BC%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A3%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Փռյուգերեն – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Փռյուգերեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Frigia" title="Bahasa Frigia – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Frigia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B3_%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Фригиаг æвзаг – ossetisk" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Фригиаг æвзаг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_frigia" title="Lingua frigia – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua frigia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%92%D7%99%D7%AA" title="פריגית – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פריגית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fryg%C5%B3_kalba" title="Frygų kalba – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Frygų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%ADg_nyelv" title="Fríg nyelv – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fríg nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Фригиски јазик – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Фригиски јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%AF%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86" title="فیریگی زوون – mazandarani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="فیریگی زوون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frygisch_(taal)" title="Frygisch (taal) – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Frygisch (taal)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%AA%E3%83%A5%E3%82%AE%E3%82%A2%E8%AA%9E" title="フリュギア語 – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フリュギア語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phrygsche_Spraak" title="Phrygsche Spraak – nedertysk" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Phrygsche Spraak" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="nedertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_frygijski" title="Język frygijski – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język frygijski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_fr%C3%ADgia" title="Língua frígia – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua frígia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="anbefalt artikkel-merke"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Фригийский язык – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фригийский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%BDgi%C4%8Dtina" title="Frýgičtina – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Frýgičtina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frigij%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Frigijščina – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Frigijščina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fryygian_kieli" title="Fryygian kieli – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Fryygian kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="ภาษาฟรีเจีย – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาฟรีเจีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frigce" title="Frigce – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Frigce" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Фригійська мова – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фригійська мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AC%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="فریجی زبان – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فریجی زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Phrygia" title="Tiếng Phrygia – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Phrygia" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%90%89%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="弗里吉亚语 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="弗里吉亚语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q36751#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Rediger lenker til artikkelen på andre språk" class="wbc-editpage">Rediger lenker</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/MidasSehri.TombDetail.jpg/250px-MidasSehri.TombDetail.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/MidasSehri.TombDetail.jpg/375px-MidasSehri.TombDetail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/MidasSehri.TombDetail.jpg/500px-MidasSehri.TombDetail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="752" data-file-height="357" /></a><figcaption>Rundt 70 prosent av en frygisk inskripsjon i «<a href="/wiki/Frygia#Rundt_tiden_av_trojakrigen" title="Frygia">Midas By</a>».</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Frygisk</b> var et <a href="/wiki/Indoeuropeisk" class="mw-redirect" title="Indoeuropeisk">indoeuropeisk</a> språk som i <a href="/wiki/Oldtiden" title="Oldtiden">oldtiden</a> ble talt av <a href="/wiki/Frygerne" class="mw-redirect" title="Frygerne">frygerne</a>, nå <a href="/wiki/Spr%C3%A5kd%C3%B8d" title="Språkdød">utdødd språk</a>. Frygerne innvandret til <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a> fra <a href="/wiki/Balkan" title="Balkan">Balkan</a>-området i løpet av <a href="/wiki/Antikken" title="Antikken">antikken</a>, rundt 700- til 400-tallet f.Kr. Frygisk var trolig beslektet med <a href="/wiki/Gresk" title="Gresk">gresk</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Likheten til en del frygiske ord med greske ble observert av <a href="/wiki/Platon" title="Platon">Platon</a> i hans <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kratylos&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kratylos (ikke skrevet ennå)">Kratylos</a></i> (410a). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Inskripsjoner">Inskripsjoner</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frygisk&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Inskripsjoner" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frygisk&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Inskripsjoner"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Frygisk er dokumentert i to <a href="/wiki/Korpus" class="mw-redirect" title="Korpus">tekstkorpora</a>, en fra rundt 800 f.Kr. og en senere (gammelfrygisk eller paleofrygisk) og deretter etter en periode på flere århundrer fra rundt begynnelsen av vår tid (nyfrygisk). Gammelfrygisk korpus er ytterligere delt (geografisk) i inskripsjoner fra Midas (byen) (M, W), <a href="/wiki/Gordion" title="Gordion">Gordion</a>, Central (C), <a href="/wiki/Bitynia" title="Bitynia">Bitynia</a> (B), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pteria_(Kappadokia)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pteria (Kappadokia) (ikke skrevet ennå)">Pteria</a> (P), Tyana (T), Daskyleion (Dask), Bayindir (Bay), og «ulike» (Dd, <i>documents divers</i>, «gamle dokumenter»). De <a href="/wiki/Mysia" title="Mysia">mysiske</a> inskripsjoner synes å være i en særegen <a href="/wiki/Dialekt" title="Dialekt">dialekt</a> (i et alfabet med bokstav ekstra, «mysisk-s»). </p><p>Den siste omtale av språket er datert til rundt <a href="/wiki/400-tallet" class="mw-redirect" title="400-tallet">400-tallet</a> e.Kr. og det var sannsynligvis <a href="/wiki/Spr%C3%A5kd%C3%B8d" title="Språkdød">utdødd</a> ved <a href="/wiki/600-tallet" class="mw-redirect" title="600-tallet">600-tallet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gammelfrygisk benyttet en fønikisk-avledet skriftsystem (dets tilknytning med gresk er omdiskutert), mens nyfrygisk benyttet det greske alfabet. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grammatikk">Grammatikk</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frygisk&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Grammatikk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frygisk&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Grammatikk"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Det struktur, av hva som kan bli gjenopprettet fra det, var typisk indoeuropeisk, med substantiver <a href="/w/index.php?title=Deklinasjon_(lingvistikk)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Deklinasjon (lingvistikk) (ikke skrevet ennå)">deklinert</a> for kasus (i det miste fire), kjønn (tre), og antall (entall og flertall), mens verbene var <a href="/wiki/Konjugasjon_(grammatikk)" title="Konjugasjon (grammatikk)">konjugert</a> for tid, stemme, stemning, person og antall. Intet ord er dokumentert i alle dets bøyninger. </p><p>Frygisk synes å framvise en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Augment_(lingvistikk)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Augment (lingvistikk) (ikke skrevet ennå)">augument</a>, som gresk og <a href="/wiki/Armensk" title="Armensk">armensk</a>, jamfør <i>eberet</i>, antagelig sammenlignbart med <a href="/wiki/Urindoeuropeisk" title="Urindoeuropeisk">urindoeuropeiske</a> <i>*e-bher-e-t</i> (gresk <i>ephere</i> med tap av den avsluttende <i>t</i>), skjønt kompensert til eksempler som <i>ios ... addaket</i> 'den som ... til', noe som ikke er fortid (kanskje konjunktiv), viser at <i>-et</i> kan være fra urindoeuropeisk opprinnelig endelse <i>*-eti</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ordforråd"><span id="Ordforr.C3.A5d"></span>Ordforråd</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frygisk&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Ordforråd" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frygisk&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Ordforråd"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Frygisk er dokumentert fragmentarisk, kjent kun fra et forholdsvis lite <a href="/wiki/Korpus" class="mw-redirect" title="Korpus">korpus</a> av inskripsjoner. Noen få hundre frygiske ord er imidlertid dokumentert, men meningen og <a href="/wiki/Etymologi" title="Etymologi">etymologien</a> til mange av disse er dog forblitt ukjente. </p><p>Et berømt frygisk ord er <i>bekos</i>, betydning «brød». I henhold til <a href="/wiki/Herodot" title="Herodot">Herodot</a> (<i>Historier</i>&#160;2.2) ønsket farao <a href="/w/index.php?title=Psammetikus_I&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Psammetikus I (ikke skrevet ennå)">Psammetikus I</a> å avgjøre hvilken nasjon som var den eldste og som hadde det første, opprinnelige språket («urmenneskelige språk») i verden. For denne hensikt beordret han to barn til å bli oppdratt av en gjeter og forbød ham til å yte et eneste ord til dem, og beordret ham om å rapportere om barnas første ytringer. Etter to år rapporterte gjeteren at da han kom til deres kammer hadde barna kommet til ham, strukket ut sine hender og sagt <i>bekos</i>. Ved å undersøke dette ordet oppdaget farao at det var det frygiske ordet for «hvetebrød», og deretter konkluderte egypterne at frygisk var et eldre språk enn deres eget. Ordet <i>bekos</i> er også dokumentert i flere tider på gammelfrygiske inskripsjoner på gravsteler. Det kan være beslektet med engelske eller norske <i>bake</i> (urindoeuropeisk *<i>bheHg-</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hettittisk" title="Hettittisk">Hettittisk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luvisk" title="Luvisk">luvisk</a> (begge hadde også en påvirkning på frygisk morfologi), <a href="/wiki/Galatisk" title="Galatisk">galatisk</a> og gresk (som også viser et høyt antall av <a href="/wiki/Isogloss" title="Isogloss">isoglosser</a> med frygisk) hadde alle en påvirkning på frygisk ordforråd.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>I henhold til <a href="/wiki/Klemens_av_Alexandria" title="Klemens av Alexandria">Klemens av Alexandria</a> opptrådte det frygiske ordet <i>bedu</i> (βέδυ) i betydningen «vann» (urindoeuropeisk <i>*wed</i>) i <a href="/wiki/Orfisme" title="Orfisme">orfiske ritualer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Det greske egennavnet <a href="/wiki/Zevs" title="Zevs">Zevs</a> opptrer i frygisk sammen med forstavelsen Ti- (genitiv <i>Tios</i> = gresk <i>Dios</i>, fra tidligere <i>*Diwos</i>; navnformen er udokumentert); kanskje med den generelle meningen «gud, guddom». Muligens er <i>tiveya</i> «gudinne». Skiftet av <i>*d</i> til <i>t</i> i frygisk og tapet av <i>*w</i> før <i>o</i> synes å ha blitt regelmessig. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephanos_fra_Bysants&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Stephanos fra Bysants (ikke skrevet ennå)">Stephanos fra Bysants</a> nedtegnet at ifølge <a href="/wiki/Demosthenes_(taler)" class="mw-redirect" title="Demosthenes (taler)">Demosthenes</a> var Zevs kjent som Tios i Bitynia.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Et annet mulig egennavn for en gud er <i>bago-</i>, dokumentert som akkusativ entall <i>bag̣un</i> i G-136.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Forskeren Lejeune identifiserte begrepet som <i>*bhagom</i>, i betydningen "en gave, dedikasjon" (urindoeuropeisk *bhag- "å fordele, gi en andel"). Men <a href="/wiki/Hesykhios_fra_Alexandria" title="Hesykhios fra Alexandria">Hesykhios fra Alexandria</a> nevner en Bagaios, frygiske Zevs (Βαγαῖος Ζεὺς Φρύγιος) og tolker navnet som δοτῆρ ἑάων, «giver av gode ting». </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referanser">Referanser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frygisk&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Rediger avsnitt: Referanser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frygisk&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Referanser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Brixhe, Cl.: «Le Phrygien» i: Fr. Bader (red.) i: <i>Langues indo-européennes</i>, s. 165-178, Paris: CNRS Editions.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Woodard, Roger D. (2008): <i>The Ancient Languages of Asia Minor</i>. Cambridge University Press, <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/052168496X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-521-68496-X</a>, s. 72. «Unquestionably, however, Phrygian is most closely linked with Greek.» («I midlertidig er frygisk uten tvil mest nært knyttet til gresk»)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Swain, Simon; Adams, J. Maxwell; Janse, Mark (2002): <i>Bilingualism in Ancient Society: Language Contact and the Written Word</i>. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Oxford University Press. s. 246–266. <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0199245061" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-19-924506-1</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Eetymologien er forsvart i Panagl, O. &amp; Kowal, B.: «Zur etymologischen Darstellung von Restsprachen» i: A. Bammesberger (red.), <i>Das etymologische Wörterbuch</i>, Regensburg 1983, s. 186-187. Det er bestridt i Fortson, Benjamin W.: <i>Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction</i>. Blackwell, 2004. <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/1405103167" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-4051-0316-7</a>, p. 409.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Brixhe, Cl.: "Le Phrygien" i: Bader, Fr. (red.): <i>Langues indo-européennes</i>, s. 165-178, Paris: CNRS Editions.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Woodard, Roger D. (2008): <i>The Ancient Languages of Asia Minor</i>. Cambridge University Press, <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/052168496X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-521-68496-X</a>, s. 69-81.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Klemens: <i>Stromata</i>, 5.8.46-47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Om frygiske <i>ti-</i>, se Heubeck 1987, Lubotsky 1989a, Lubotsky 1998c, Brixhe 1997: 42ff. Om avsnittet til Stephanos fra Bysants, se Haas 1966: 67,Lubotsky 1989a:85 (Δημοσθένης δ’ἐν Βιθυνιακοῖς φησι κτιστὴν τῆς πόλεως γενέσθαι Πάταρον ἑλόντα Παφλαγονίαν, καὶ ἐκ τοῦ τιμᾶν τὸν Δία Τίον προσαγορεῦσαι.) Witczak 1992-3: 265ff. antar en <a href="/wiki/Bitynia" title="Bitynia">bitynisk</a> opprinnelse for den frygiske guden.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Det er imidlertid også lest som <i>bapun</i>; "Un très court retour vertical prolonge le trait horizontal du Γ. S'il n'était accidentel nous aurions [...] un p assez semblable à celui de G-135." Brixhe - Lejeune 1987:125.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Litteratur">Litteratur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frygisk&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Rediger avsnitt: Litteratur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frygisk&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Litteratur"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Woodhouse, Robert (2009): «An overview of research on Phrygian from the nineteenth century to the present day» i: <i>Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis</i>, Volume 126, 167-188, DOI 10.2478/v10148-010-0013-x.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_lenker">Eksterne lenker</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frygisk&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Rediger avsnitt: Eksterne lenker" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frygisk&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Eksterne lenker"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/phrygian/phryg.htm">Korpus av frygiske inskripsjoner</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110814123554/http://www.indo-european.nl/cgi-bin/response.cgi?root=leiden&amp;morpho=0&amp;basename=%5Cdata%5Cie%5Cphrygian&amp;first=1">Lubotskys frygisk etymologiske database (ufullstendig)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maravot.com/Phrygian.html">Oversettelser av frygiske skrifter</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.linguisticbibliography.com/blonlinesearch1xy.php?S1=Object+language&amp;S2=Phrygian&amp;S40=on&amp;S41=on&amp;S42=on&amp;S50=All+years&amp;S60=&amp;S61=&amp;S62=">Linguistic Bibliography Online</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palaeolexicon.com/">Dictionary, History and Translations of the Phrygian Language</a>, <i>Palaeolexicon</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scribd.com/doc/44668910/Midas-and-the-Phrygians"><i>Midas and the Mushki</i></a>, av Miltiades E. 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