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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khecar%C4%AB_mudr%C4%81" title="Khecarī mudrā – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Khecarī mudrā" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kechari_mudra" title="Kechari mudra – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Kechari mudra" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%96%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%9A%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%80_%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%A6%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BE" title="ખેચરી મુદ્રા – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ખેચરી મુદ્રા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" 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data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%96%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0" title="ഖേചരി മുദ്ര – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഖേചരി മുദ്ര" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%85%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8-%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Кхечари-мудра – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кхечари-мудра" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a 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Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Yogic practice involving mudra, mantra and sadhana</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Khechari_Mudra_English_Coloured.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Khechari_Mudra_English_Coloured.jpg/440px-Khechari_Mudra_English_Coloured.jpg" decoding="async" width="440" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Khechari_Mudra_English_Coloured.jpg/660px-Khechari_Mudra_English_Coloured.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Khechari_Mudra_English_Coloured.jpg/880px-Khechari_Mudra_English_Coloured.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2523" data-file-height="893" /></a><figcaption>Four stages of Khecarī mudrā. The tongue (red) is progressively stretched, and the <a href="/wiki/Frenulum_of_the_tongue" title="Frenulum of the tongue">frenulum of the tongue</a> (not shown) sufficiently severed, over a period of months, until it can be turned back so as to reach inside the nasal cavity, and supposedly manipulate the flow of <i><a href="/wiki/Bindu_(symbol)" title="Bindu (symbol)">bindu</a></i>.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1092331828">@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .contains-special-characters{width:22em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right contains-special-characters noprint selfref"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Example.of.complex.text.rendering.svg/40px-Example.of.complex.text.rendering.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Example.of.complex.text.rendering.svg/60px-Example.of.complex.text.rendering.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Example.of.complex.text.rendering.svg/80px-Example.of.complex.text.rendering.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="58" data-file-height="28" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><b>This article contains <a href="/wiki/Brahmic_scripts" title="Brahmic scripts">Indic text</a>.</b> Without proper <a href="/wiki/Help:Multilingual_support_(Indic)" title="Help:Multilingual support (Indic)">rendering support</a>, you may see <a href="/wiki/Mojibake" title="Mojibake">question marks or boxes</a>, misplaced vowels or missing conjuncts instead of Indic text.</div></div> </div> <p> <i><b><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">Khecarī mudrā</i></span></b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>, खेचरी मुद्रा)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlood1996100_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlood1996100-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Hatha_yoga" title="Hatha yoga">hatha yoga</a> practice carried out by curling the tip of the tongue back into the mouth until it reaches above the <a href="/wiki/Soft_palate" title="Soft palate">soft palate</a> and into the <a href="/wiki/Nasal_cavity" title="Nasal cavity">nasal cavity</a>. The tongue is made long enough to do this with many months of daily tongue stretching and, in some versions of the practice, by gradually severing the <a href="/wiki/Frenulum_of_the_tongue" title="Frenulum of the tongue">frenulum of the tongue</a> with a sharp implement over a period of months. </p><p>The goal is to attain liberation in the body, by sealing in the energy of <i><a href="/wiki/Bindu_(symbol)" title="Bindu (symbol)">bindu</a></i> in the head so that it is not lost. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Context">Context</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khecar%C4%AB_mudr%C4%81&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Context"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ha%E1%B9%ADha_yoga" class="mw-redirect" title="Haṭha yoga">Haṭha yoga</a> is a branch of the largely spiritual practice of <a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">yoga</a>, though it makes use of physical techniques; it was developed in medieval times, much later than the meditative and devotional forms of yoga. Its goals however are similar: <i><a href="/wiki/Siddhi" title="Siddhi">siddhis</a></i> or magical powers, and <i><a href="/wiki/Moksha" title="Moksha">mukti</a></i>, liberation. In Haṭha yoga, liberation was often supposed to be attainable in the body, made immortal through the practices of Haṭha yoga. Among its techniques were <i>mudrā</i>s, meant to seal in or control energies such as <a href="/wiki/Kundalini" title="Kundalini">kundalini</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/Bindu_(symbol)" title="Bindu (symbol)">bindu</a></i>. Khecarī mudrā is one such technique.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMallinson2011770_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMallinson2011770-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBirch2011527–558_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBirch2011527–558-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mudrā"><span id="Mudr.C4.81"></span><i>Mudrā</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khecar%C4%AB_mudr%C4%81&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Mudrā"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mode_of_action_of_Mudras.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Mode_of_action_of_Mudras.svg/220px-Mode_of_action_of_Mudras.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Mode_of_action_of_Mudras.svg/330px-Mode_of_action_of_Mudras.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Mode_of_action_of_Mudras.svg/440px-Mode_of_action_of_Mudras.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="702" data-file-height="831" /></a><figcaption>Khecari mudra is one of several mudras in traditional <a href="/wiki/Hatha_yoga" title="Hatha yoga">Hatha yoga</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMallinsonSingleton2017228,_231–232_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMallinsonSingleton2017228,_231–232-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingleton201029_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingleton201029-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>In the beginning stages and for most practitioners, the tip of the tongue touches the soft palate as far back as possible without straining,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJanakananda1992114_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJanakananda1992114-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or is placed in contact with the <a href="/wiki/Uvula" title="Uvula">uvula</a> at the back of the mouth.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKriyananda2002450–451_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKriyananda2002450–451-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Mudr%C4%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Mudrā">Mudrā</a></i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>, <span title="Sanskrit-language text"><span lang="sa">मुद्रा</span></span>, literally "seal"), when used in yoga, is a position intended to awaken spiritual energies in the body.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKriyananda2002450_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKriyananda2002450-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Buddhist <a href="/wiki/Pali_canon" class="mw-redirect" title="Pali canon">Pali canon</a> contains three passages in which the <a href="/wiki/Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddha">Buddha</a> describes pressing the tongue against the palate for the purposes of controlling hunger or the mind, depending on the passage.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMallinson200717–19_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMallinson200717–19-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A hatha yoga text, the <i><a href="/wiki/Khecar%C4%ABvidy%C4%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Khecarīvidyā">Khecarīvidyā</a></i>, states that <i>khechari mudrā</i> enables one to raise <a href="/wiki/Kundalini_energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Kundalini energy">Kundalini</a> and access various stores of <a href="/wiki/Amrita" title="Amrita">amrita</a> in the head, which subsequently flood the body.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMallinson200729_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMallinson200729-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The god <a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a>, in the same text, gives instructions on <a href="/wiki/Lingual_frenectomy" title="Lingual frenectomy">how to cut</a> the <a href="/wiki/Lingual_frenulum" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingual frenulum">lingual frenulum</a> as a necessary prerequisite for the khechari mudra practice:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMallinson2007119_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMallinson2007119-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>He should take a very sharp, well-oiled and clean blade resembling a leaf of the Snuhī plant and then cut away a hair's breadth [of the lingual frenulum] with it. After cutting, he should rub the cut with a powder of rock salt and <a href="/wiki/Black_myrobalan" class="mw-redirect" title="Black myrobalan">black myrobalan</a>. After seven days he should again cut away a hair's breadth ... After six months the binding tendon at the base of the tongue is destroyed ... Then, in six [more] months, after regular drawing out of the tongue, my dear, it reaches between the eyebrows ... Licking with his tongue the supreme nectar of immortality [amrita] flowing there ... the yogi should drink ... and with a body as incorruptible as diamond, lives for 100,000 years.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMallinsonSingleton2017247–248_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMallinsonSingleton2017247–248-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Tantras_(Hinduism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tantras (Hinduism)">tantric Saiva</a> text, the <i>Mālinīvijayottaratantra</i>, warns: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>[If] his mouth fills with a slightly salty liquid that smells of iron then he should not drink it but spit it out. He should practice thus until [the liquid] becomes sweet-tasting.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMallinson200722_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMallinson200722-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Cutting the lingual frenulum can be dangerous, resulting in the loss of tongue mobility. Many practitioners deem it unnecessary.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMallinson2007201_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMallinson2007201-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bhattacharyya defines <span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">Khecarī Mudrā</i></span> as the "Yogic posture which bestows spiritual attainment and enables one to overcome disease and death." He explains that "<i>Kha</i> denotes <i>brahman</i>, and that power which moves (<i>cara</i>) as the kinetic energy of <i>brahman</i> is known (as) Khecarī."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBhattacharyya1999407_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBhattacharyya1999407-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Singh defines <span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">Khecarī Mudrā</i></span> as "the bliss of the vast expanse of spiritual consciousness, also known as divya mudrā or Śivāvasthā (the state of Śivā)."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh1979242_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh1979242-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He further identifies it in a higher sense—with the end state of consciousness, and not just the physical posture used to achieve that end: "So Khecarī Mudrā in Śaiva āgama means a state of universal consciousness which is the state of Śiva."<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh1979101–102_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh1979101–102-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Abhinavagupta" title="Abhinavagupta">Abhinavagupta</a>, in his <i><a href="/wiki/Tantraloka" class="mw-redirect" title="Tantraloka">Tantraloka</a></i>, states that all other mudras derive from <i>khecarī mudrā</i>, which he describes as "the stance of moving or flying through the void of the supreme consciousness."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuller-Ortega2001350_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuller-Ortega2001350-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The practice is also mentioned in the <i><a href="/wiki/Hatha_Yoga_Pradipika" title="Hatha Yoga Pradipika">Hatha Yoga Pradipika</a></i> (III. 6–7). </p><p>In recent times, <i>khecarī mudrā</i> was taught by <a href="/wiki/Paramahansa_Yogananda" title="Paramahansa Yogananda">Paramahansa Yogananda</a> to augment <a href="/wiki/Kriya_Yoga_school" title="Kriya Yoga school">Kriya Yoga</a> practice.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELal_Ghosh1980279_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELal_Ghosh1980279-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He stated that: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Through the performance of <i>Kechari Mudra</i>, touching the tip of the tongue to the uvula, or "little tongue," (or placing it in the nasal cavity behind the uvula), that divine life-current draws the <i>prana</i> from the senses into the spine and directs it up through the <i>chakras</i> to <i>Vaishvanara</i> (Universal Spirit), uniting the consciousness with spirit.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELal_Ghosh1980279_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELal_Ghosh1980279-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>In Yogananda's <a href="/wiki/God_Talks_with_Arjuna:_The_Bhagavad_Gita" title="God Talks with Arjuna: The Bhagavad Gita">commentary on the Bhagavad Gita</a>, he says that <i>khecarī mudrā</i> should be practiced only as instructed by one's guru.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYogananda1999792_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYogananda1999792-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Kriyananda" title="Kriyananda">Kriyananda</a>, "The assumption of this mudra helps to hasten the advent of deep spiritual states of consciousness."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKriyananda2002451_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKriyananda2002451-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sivananda" class="mw-redirect" title="Sivananda">Sivananda</a> described <span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">Khecarī Mudrā</i></span> as "the best of all Mudras."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESivananda200559_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESivananda200559-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khecar%C4%AB_mudr%C4%81&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Variant spellings include Khechari mudra, Kecharimudra,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVenkataram19764_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVenkataram19764-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Kechari mudra.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELal_Ghosh1980279_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELal_Ghosh1980279-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Khecarī Mudrā is of various sorts. Śaiva āgama does not set any store by mudrā in the sense of disposition of certain parts of the physical body. It interprets mudrā in a higher sense in three ways, viz. (1) mudam (harṣam) rati (dadāti) — that which give muda or joy, (2) muṃ drāvayati — that which dissolves mu or bondage (3) mudrayati iti — that which seals up (the universe into turīya).... That which enables living beings to acquire Self-realization in all the states of the embodied ones is Mudrā.... So Khecarī Mudrā in Śaiva āgama means a state of universal consciousness which is the state of Śiva".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh1979101–102_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh1979101–102-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"While practicing <i>Kriya</i>, when the mind becomes enchanted in listening to <i>nada</i>, the sound of <i>Aum</i>, a divine nectar-like current flows from the <i>sahasrara</i>. Through the performance of <i>Kechari Mudra</i>,...that divine life-current..."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELal_Ghosh1980279_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELal_Ghosh1980279-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khecar%C4%AB_mudr%C4%81&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 26em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For romanization of the Sanskrit term as <i><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">khecarī mudrā</i></span></i>, see: <a href="#CITEREFWhite1996">White 1996</a>, p. 135</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlood1996100-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlood1996100_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFlood1996">Flood 1996</a>, p. 100.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMallinson2011770-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMallinson2011770_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMallinson2011">Mallinson 2011</a>, p. 770.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBirch2011527–558-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBirch2011527–558_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBirch2011">Birch 2011</a>, pp. 527–558.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMallinsonSingleton2017228,_231–232-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMallinsonSingleton2017228,_231–232_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMallinsonSingleton2017">Mallinson & Singleton 2017</a>, pp. 228, 231–232.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESingleton201029-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingleton201029_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSingleton2010">Singleton 2010</a>, p. 29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJanakananda1992114-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJanakananda1992114_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJanakananda1992">Janakananda 1992</a>, p. 114.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKriyananda2002450–451-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKriyananda2002450–451_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKriyananda2002">Kriyananda 2002</a>, pp. 450–451.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVenkataram19764-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVenkataram19764_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVenkataram1976">Venkataram 1976</a>, p. 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELal_Ghosh1980279-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELal_Ghosh1980279_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELal_Ghosh1980279_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELal_Ghosh1980279_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELal_Ghosh1980279_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLal_Ghosh1980">Lal Ghosh 1980</a>, p. 279.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKriyananda2002450-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKriyananda2002450_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKriyananda2002">Kriyananda 2002</a>, p. 450.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMallinson200717–19-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMallinson200717–19_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMallinson2007">Mallinson 2007</a>, pp. 17–19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFThanissaro_Bhikkhu" class="citation web cs1">Thanissaro Bhikkhu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dhammatalks.org/suttas/MN/MN20.html">"The Relaxation of Thoughts Vitakkasaṇṭhāna Sutta (MN 20)"</a>. <i>Dhamma Talks</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dhamma+Talks&rft.atitle=The+Relaxation+of+Thoughts+Vitakkasa%E1%B9%87%E1%B9%ADh%C4%81na+Sutta+%28MN+20%29&rft.au=Thanissaro+Bhikkhu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dhammatalks.org%2Fsuttas%2FMN%2FMN20.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhecar%C4%AB+mudr%C4%81" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMallinson200729-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMallinson200729_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMallinson2007">Mallinson 2007</a>, p. 29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMallinson2007119-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMallinson2007119_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMallinson2007">Mallinson 2007</a>, p. 119.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMallinsonSingleton2017247–248-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMallinsonSingleton2017247–248_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMallinsonSingleton2017">Mallinson & Singleton 2017</a>, pp. 247–248.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMallinson200722-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMallinson200722_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMallinson2007">Mallinson 2007</a>, p. 22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMallinson2007201-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMallinson2007201_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMallinson2007">Mallinson 2007</a>, p. 201.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBhattacharyya1999407-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBhattacharyya1999407_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBhattacharyya1999">Bhattacharyya 1999</a>, p. 407.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh1979242-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh1979242_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSingh1979">Singh 1979</a>, p. 242.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh1979101–102-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh1979101–102_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh1979101–102_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSingh1979">Singh 1979</a>, pp. 101–102.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuller-Ortega2001350-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMuller-Ortega2001350_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMuller-Ortega2001">Muller-Ortega 2001</a>, p. 350.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYogananda1999792-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYogananda1999792_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFYogananda1999">Yogananda 1999</a>, p. 792.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKriyananda2002451-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKriyananda2002451_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKriyananda2002">Kriyananda 2002</a>, p. 451.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESivananda200559-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESivananda200559_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSivananda2005">Sivananda 2005</a>, p. 59.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khecar%C4%AB_mudr%C4%81&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBhattacharyya1999" class="citation book cs1">Bhattacharyya, N. N. (1999). <i>History of the Tantric Religion</i> (Second Revised ed.). New Delhi: Manohar. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7304-025-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7304-025-2"><bdi>978-81-7304-025-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Tantric+Religion&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.edition=Second+Revised&rft.pub=Manohar&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-81-7304-025-2&rft.aulast=Bhattacharyya&rft.aufirst=N.+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhecar%C4%AB+mudr%C4%81" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBirch2011" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jason_Birch" title="Jason Birch">Birch, Jason</a> (2011). "The Meaning of Haṭha in Early Haṭhayoga". <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_American_Oriental_Society" title="Journal of the American Oriental Society">Journal of the American Oriental Society</a></i>. <b>131</b> (4 (October–December 2011)): 527–558. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41440511">41440511</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oriental+Society&rft.atitle=The+Meaning+of+Ha%E1%B9%ADha+in+Early+Ha%E1%B9%ADhayoga&rft.volume=131&rft.issue=4+%28October%E2%80%93December+2011%29&rft.pages=527-558&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41440511%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Birch&rft.aufirst=Jason&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhecar%C4%AB+mudr%C4%81" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlood1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gavin_Flood" title="Gavin Flood">Flood, Gavin</a> (1996). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/introductiontohi0000floo"><i>An Introduction to Hinduism</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-43878-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-43878-0"><bdi>978-0-521-43878-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+Hinduism&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-521-43878-0&rft.aulast=Flood&rft.aufirst=Gavin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fintroductiontohi0000floo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhecar%C4%AB+mudr%C4%81" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJanakananda1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Janakananda_Saraswati" title="Janakananda Saraswati">Janakananda, Swami</a> (1992). <i>Yoga, Tantra and Meditation in Daily Life</i>. Weiser. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87728-768-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87728-768-1"><bdi>978-0-87728-768-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yoga%2C+Tantra+and+Meditation+in+Daily+Life&rft.pub=Weiser&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-87728-768-1&rft.aulast=Janakananda&rft.aufirst=Swami&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhecar%C4%AB+mudr%C4%81" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKriyananda2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Swami_Kriyananda" class="mw-redirect" title="Swami Kriyananda">Kriyananda, Swami</a> (2002). <i>The Art and Science of Raja Yoga</i>. Crystal Clarity Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56589-166-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56589-166-1"><bdi>978-1-56589-166-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Art+and+Science+of+Raja+Yoga&rft.pub=Crystal+Clarity+Publishers&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-56589-166-1&rft.aulast=Kriyananda&rft.aufirst=Swami&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhecar%C4%AB+mudr%C4%81" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLal_Ghosh1980" class="citation book cs1">Lal Ghosh, Sananda (1980). <i>Mejda: The Family and the Early Life of Paramahansa Yogananda</i>. <a href="/wiki/Self-Realization_Fellowship" title="Self-Realization Fellowship">Self-Realization Fellowship</a> Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87612-265-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87612-265-5"><bdi>978-0-87612-265-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mejda%3A+The+Family+and+the+Early+Life+of+Paramahansa+Yogananda&rft.pub=Self-Realization+Fellowship+Publishers&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-0-87612-265-5&rft.aulast=Lal+Ghosh&rft.aufirst=Sananda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhecar%C4%AB+mudr%C4%81" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMallinson2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Mallinson_(author)" class="mw-redirect" title="James Mallinson (author)">Mallinson, James</a> (2007). <i>The Khecarīvidyā of Adinathā</i>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-39115-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-39115-3"><bdi>978-0-415-39115-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Khecar%C4%ABvidy%C4%81+of+Adinath%C4%81&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-415-39115-3&rft.aulast=Mallinson&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhecar%C4%AB+mudr%C4%81" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMallinson2011" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Mallinson_(author)" class="mw-redirect" title="James Mallinson (author)">Mallinson, James</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/1317005">"Yoga: Haṭha Yoga"</a>. In Basu, Helene; <a href="/wiki/Knut_A._Jacobsen" title="Knut A. Jacobsen">Jacobsen, Knut A.</a>; Malinar, Angelika; <a href="/wiki/Vasudha_Narayanan" title="Vasudha Narayanan">Narayanan, Vasudha</a> (eds.). <i>Brill's Encyclopedia of Hinduism</i>. Vol. 3. <a href="/wiki/Leiden" title="Leiden">Leiden</a>: <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill Publishers</a>. pp. 770–781. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F2212-5019_BEH_COM_000354">10.1163/2212-5019_BEH_COM_000354</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-17641-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-17641-6"><bdi>978-90-04-17641-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2212-5019">2212-5019</a> – via <a href="/wiki/Academia.edu" title="Academia.edu">Academia.edu</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Yoga%3A+Ha%E1%B9%ADha+Yoga&rft.btitle=Brill%27s+Encyclopedia+of+Hinduism&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=770-781&rft.pub=Brill+Publishers&rft.date=2011&rft.issn=2212-5019&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F2212-5019_BEH_COM_000354&rft.isbn=978-90-04-17641-6&rft.aulast=Mallinson&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F1317005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhecar%C4%AB+mudr%C4%81" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMallinsonSingleton2017" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Mallinson_(author)" class="mw-redirect" title="James Mallinson (author)">Mallinson, James</a>; <a href="/wiki/Mark_Singleton_(yoga_scholar)" title="Mark Singleton (yoga scholar)">Singleton, Mark</a> (2017). <i><a href="/wiki/Roots_of_Yoga" title="Roots of Yoga">Roots of Yoga</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-241-25304-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-241-25304-5"><bdi>978-0-241-25304-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/928480104">928480104</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Roots+of+Yoga&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F928480104&rft.isbn=978-0-241-25304-5&rft.aulast=Mallinson&rft.aufirst=James&rft.au=Singleton%2C+Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhecar%C4%AB+mudr%C4%81" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuller-Ortega2001" class="citation book cs1">Muller-Ortega, Paul E. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hayV4o50eUEC&pg=PA580">"A Poem by Abhinava Gupta"</a>. In White, David Gordon (ed.). <i>Tantra in Practice</i>. <a href="/wiki/Motilal_Banarsidass" title="Motilal Banarsidass">Motilal Banarsidass</a>. p. 580. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-208-1778-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-208-1778-4"><bdi>978-81-208-1778-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+Poem+by+Abhinava+Gupta&rft.btitle=Tantra+in+Practice&rft.pages=580&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-81-208-1778-4&rft.aulast=Muller-Ortega&rft.aufirst=Paul+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhayV4o50eUEC%26pg%3DPA580&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhecar%C4%AB+mudr%C4%81" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh1979" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jaideva_Singh" title="Jaideva Singh">Singh, Jaideva</a> (1979). <i>Śiva Sūtras</i>. Delhi: <a href="/wiki/Motilal_Banarsidass" title="Motilal Banarsidass">Motilal Banarsidass</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-208-0407-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-208-0407-4"><bdi>978-81-208-0407-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%C5%9Aiva+S%C5%ABtras&rft.place=Delhi&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=978-81-208-0407-4&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Jaideva&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhecar%C4%AB+mudr%C4%81" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingleton2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Singleton_(yoga_scholar)" title="Mark Singleton (yoga scholar)">Singleton, Mark</a> (2010). <a href="/wiki/Yoga_Body" title="Yoga Body"><i>Yoga Body : the origins of modern posture practice</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-539534-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-539534-1"><bdi>978-0-19-539534-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/318191988">318191988</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yoga+Body+%3A+the+origins+of+modern+posture+practice&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F318191988&rft.isbn=978-0-19-539534-1&rft.aulast=Singleton&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhecar%C4%AB+mudr%C4%81" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSivananda2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Swami_Sivananda" class="mw-redirect" title="Swami Sivananda">Sivananda, Swami</a> (2005). <i>Kundalini Yoga</i>. <a href="/wiki/Divine_Life_Society" title="Divine Life Society">Divine Life Society</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7052-052-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7052-052-8"><bdi>978-81-7052-052-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kundalini+Yoga&rft.pub=Divine+Life+Society&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-81-7052-052-8&rft.aulast=Sivananda&rft.aufirst=Swami&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhecar%C4%AB+mudr%C4%81" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVenkataram1976" class="citation book cs1">Venkataram, K. R.; M. K. Venkatarama Iyer; <a href="/wiki/K._R._Srinivasa_Iyengar" title="K. R. Srinivasa Iyengar">K. R. Srinivasa Iyengar</a> (1976). <i>The Age of Vidyaranya</i>. Kalpa Printers and Publishers.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Age+of+Vidyaranya&rft.pub=Kalpa+Printers+and+Publishers&rft.date=1976&rft.aulast=Venkataram&rft.aufirst=K.+R.%3B+M.+K.+Venkatarama+Iyer%3B+K.+R.+Srinivasa+Iyengar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhecar%C4%AB+mudr%C4%81" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhite1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Gordon_White" title="David Gordon White">White, David Gordon</a> (1996). <i>The Alchemical Body: Siddha Traditions in Medieval India</i>. Chicago: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago_Press" title="University of Chicago Press">University of Chicago Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-89499-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-89499-7"><bdi>978-0-226-89499-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Alchemical+Body%3A+Siddha+Traditions+in+Medieval+India&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-226-89499-7&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=David+Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhecar%C4%AB+mudr%C4%81" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYogananda1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Paramahansa_Yogananda" title="Paramahansa Yogananda">Yogananda, Paramahansa</a> (1999). <i><a href="/wiki/God_Talks_with_Arjuna:_The_Bhagavad_Gita" title="God Talks with Arjuna: The Bhagavad Gita">God Talks with Arjuna: The Bhagavad Gita</a></i> (2nd ed.). Self-Realization Fellowship. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87612-031-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87612-031-6"><bdi>978-0-87612-031-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=God+Talks+with+Arjuna%3A+The+Bhagavad+Gita&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Self-Realization+Fellowship&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-87612-031-6&rft.aulast=Yogananda&rft.aufirst=Paramahansa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKhecar%C4%AB+mudr%C4%81" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output 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<li><a href="/wiki/Chakra" title="Chakra">Chakra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadi_(yoga)" title="Nadi (yoga)">Nadi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sushumna" class="mw-redirect" title="Sushumna">Sushumna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prana" title="Prana">Prana</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jogapradipika_16_Mayurasana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Mayurasana, in the Jogapradipika, 1830" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Jogapradipika_16_Mayurasana.jpg/80px-Jogapradipika_16_Mayurasana.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Jogapradipika_16_Mayurasana.jpg/120px-Jogapradipika_16_Mayurasana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Jogapradipika_16_Mayurasana.jpg/160px-Jogapradipika_16_Mayurasana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="467" data-file-height="835" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Texts<br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_asanas" title="List of asanas">Asanas</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ancient <a href="/wiki/Meditation" title="Meditation">meditation</a> seats <i><a href="/wiki/Darshana_Upanishad" title="Darshana Upanishad">Darshana Upanishad</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/P%C4%81ta%C3%B1jalayoga%C5%9B%C4%81stravivara%E1%B9%87a" class="mw-redirect" title="Pātañjalayogaśāstravivaraṇa">Pātañjalayogaśāstravivaraṇa</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Gorakhnath" title="Gorakhnath">Goraksha Sataka</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gomukhasana" title="Gomukhasana">Gomukhasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muktasana" class="mw-redirect" title="Muktasana">Muktasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_position" title="Lotus position">Padmasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddhasana" title="Siddhasana">Siddhasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simhasana" title="Simhasana">Simhasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopasrayasana" class="mw-redirect" title="Sopasrayasana">Sopasrayasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhasana" class="mw-redirect" title="Sukhasana">Sukhasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svastikasana" class="mw-redirect" title="Svastikasana">Svastikasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virasana" title="Virasana">Virasana</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Ancient non-meditation <i><a href="/wiki/Ahirbudhnya_Sa%E1%B9%83hit%C4%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahirbudhnya Saṃhitā">Ahirbudhnya Saṃhitā</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/P%C4%81ta%C3%B1jalayoga%C5%9B%C4%81stravivara%E1%B9%87a" class="mw-redirect" title="Pātañjalayogaśāstravivaraṇa">Pātañjalayogaśāstravivaraṇa</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dandasana" class="mw-redirect" title="Dandasana">Dandasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurmasana" title="Kurmasana">Kurmasana</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>c. 7th C. <i><a href="/wiki/Ahirbudhnya_Samhita" title="Ahirbudhnya Samhita">Ahirbudhnya Samhita</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kukkutasana" title="Kukkutasana">Kukkutasana</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>c. 10th C. <i><a href="/wiki/Vimanarcanakalpa" title="Vimanarcanakalpa">Vimanarcanakalpa</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mayurasana" title="Mayurasana">Mayurasana</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>c. 11th C. <i><a href="/wiki/Amritasiddhi" title="Amritasiddhi">Amritasiddhi</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Hemacandra" class="mw-redirect" title="Hemacandra">Hemachandra's <i>Yogashastra</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muktasana" class="mw-redirect" title="Muktasana">Muktasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirshasana" title="Shirshasana">Shirshasana</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>12th C. <i><a href="/wiki/Amaraugha" title="Amaraugha">Amaraugha</a></i></li></ul> <ul><li>13th C. <i><a href="/wiki/Dattatreya_Yoga_Shastra" class="mw-redirect" title="Dattatreya Yoga Shastra">Dattatreya Yoga Shastra</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Goraksha_Shataka" title="Goraksha Shataka">Goraksha Shataka</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Vasishtha_Samhita" title="Vasishtha Samhita">Vasishtha Samhita</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Vivekam%C4%81rta%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8Da" title="Vivekamārtaṇḍa">Vivekamārtaṇḍa</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Viparita_Karani" title="Viparita Karani">Viparita Karani</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>14th C. <i><a href="/wiki/Khecar%C4%ABvidy%C4%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Khecarīvidyā">Khecarīvidyā</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Shiva_Samhita" title="Shiva Samhita">Shiva Samhita</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Sharngadhara-paddhati" title="Sharngadhara-paddhati">Sharngadhara-paddhati</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Yogab%C4%ABja" title="Yogabīja">Yogabīja</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Yogat%C4%81r%C4%81val%C4%AB" title="Yogatārāvalī">Yogatārāvalī</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gorakshasana" title="Gorakshasana">Gorakshasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paschimottanasana" title="Paschimottanasana">Paschimottanasana</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>15th C. <i><a href="/wiki/Hatha_Yoga_Pradipika" title="Hatha Yoga Pradipika">Hatha Yoga Pradipika</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baddha_Konasana" title="Baddha Konasana">Baddha Konasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhanurasana" title="Dhanurasana">Dhanurasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matsyendrasana" title="Matsyendrasana">Matsyendrasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utkatasana" title="Utkatasana">Utkatasana</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>17th C. <i><a href="/wiki/Gheranda_Samhita" title="Gheranda Samhita">Gheranda Samhita</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Ha%E1%B9%ADha_Ratn%C4%81val%C4%AB" title="Haṭha Ratnāvalī">Hatha Ratnavali</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Yogacintamani" title="Yogacintamani">Yogacintamani</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Bahr_al-Hay%C4%81t" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahr al-Hayāt">Bahr al-Hayāt</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bakasana" title="Bakasana">Bakasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhujangasana" title="Bhujangasana">Bhujangasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakasana" class="mw-redirect" title="Kakasana">Kakasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kraunchasana" title="Kraunchasana">Kraunchasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makarasana" title="Makarasana">Makarasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandukasana" title="Mandukasana">Mandukasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matsyasana" title="Matsyasana">Matsyasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vajrasana_(yoga)" title="Vajrasana (yoga)">Vajrasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vrikshasana" class="mw-redirect" title="Vrikshasana">Vrikshasana</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>18th C. <i><a href="/wiki/Ha%E1%B9%ADh%C4%81bhy%C4%81sapaddhati" title="Haṭhābhyāsapaddhati">Hathabhyasa-paddhati</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Joga_Prad%C4%ABpik%C4%81" title="Joga Pradīpikā">Joga Pradipika</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Handstand" title="Handstand">Adho Mukha Vrikshasana</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>19th C. <i><a href="/wiki/Sritattvanidhi" title="Sritattvanidhi">Sritattvanidhi</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akarna_Dhanurasana" title="Akarna Dhanurasana">Akarna Dhanurasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhairavasana" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhairavasana">Bhairavasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durvasasana" title="Durvasasana">Durvasasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garudasana" title="Garudasana">Garudasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halasana" title="Halasana">Halasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navasana" title="Navasana">Navasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashasana" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashasana">Pashasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setu_Bandha_Sarvangasana" title="Setu Bandha Sarvangasana">Setu Bandha Sarvangasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tittibhasana" title="Tittibhasana">Tittibhasana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urdhva_Dhanurasana" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdhva Dhanurasana">Urdhva Dhanurasana</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Late <ul><li>1905 <i><a href="/wiki/Yogasopana_Purvacatuska" title="Yogasopana Purvacatuska">Yogasopana Purvacatuska</a></i></li> <li>1943 <i><a href="/wiki/Hatha_Yoga:_The_Report_of_A_Personal_Experience" class="mw-redirect" title="Hatha Yoga: The Report of A Personal Experience">Hatha Yoga: The Report of A Personal Experience</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mudra#Yogic_mudrās" title="Mudra">Mudras</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahamudra_(Hatha_Yoga)" title="Mahamudra (Hatha Yoga)">Mahamudra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maha_Bandha" class="mw-redirect" title="Maha Bandha">Maha Bandha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jalandhara_Bandha" class="mw-redirect" title="Jalandhara Bandha">Jalandhara Bandha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mula_Bandha" class="mw-redirect" title="Mula Bandha">Mula Bandha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uddiyana_Bandha" class="mw-redirect" title="Uddiyana Bandha">Uddiyana Bandha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viparita_Karani" title="Viparita Karani">Viparita Karani</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Khechari mudra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vajroli_mudra" title="Vajroli mudra">Vajroli mudra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shatkarma" title="Shatkarma">Shatkarmas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhauti" title="Dhauti">Dhauti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basti_(hatha_yoga)" title="Basti (hatha yoga)">Basti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapalabhati" title="Kapalabhati">Kapalabhati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauli" title="Nauli">Nauli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neti_(Hatha_Yoga)" title="Neti (Hatha Yoga)">Neti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C4%81%E1%B9%ADaka" title="Trāṭaka">Trataka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pranayama" title="Pranayama">Pranayama</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anuloma_pranayama" title="Anuloma pranayama">Anuloma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhastrika" title="Bhastrika">Bhastrika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhramari#Pranayama" title="Bhramari">Bhramari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumbhaka" title="Kumbhaka">Kumbhaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ujjayi" title="Ujjayi">Ujjayi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modern_yoga" title="Modern yoga">Modern yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nath" class="mw-redirect" title="Nath">Nath</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roots_of_Yoga" title="Roots of Yoga">Roots of Yoga</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_as_exercise" title="Yoga as exercise">Yoga as exercise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_using_props" title="Yoga using props">Yoga using props</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Medieval_Hatha_Yoga_asanas" title="Category:Medieval Hatha Yoga asanas">Category:Medieval Hatha Yoga asanas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Yoga" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Yoga" title="Template:Yoga"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Yoga" title="Template talk:Yoga"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Yoga" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Yoga"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Yoga" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Subtle_body" title="Subtle body">Subtle body</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Three_Bodies_Doctrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Three Bodies Doctrine">Three bodies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosha" title="Kosha">Five sheaths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakra" title="Chakra">Chakra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadi_(yoga)" title="Nadi (yoga)">Nadi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nadi_(yoga)#Ida" title="Nadi (yoga)">Ida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadi_(yoga)#Sushumna" title="Nadi (yoga)">Sushumna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadi_(yoga)#Pingala" title="Nadi (yoga)">Pingala</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prana" title="Prana">Prana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Three_Yogas" title="Three Yogas">Three Yogas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karma_yoga" title="Karma yoga">Karma yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhakti_yoga" title="Bhakti yoga">Bhakti yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jnana_yoga" title="Jnana yoga">Jnana yoga</a></li> <li><i>and sometimes</i> <a href="/wiki/R%C4%81ja_yoga" title="Rāja yoga">Rāja yoga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yoga_(philosophy)" title="Yoga (philosophy)">Philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Sutras_of_Patanjali" title="Yoga Sutras of Patanjali">Yoga Sutras of Patanjali</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Vasistha" title="Yoga Vasistha">Yoga Vasistha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Yajnavalkya" title="Yoga Yajnavalkya">Yoga Yajnavalkya</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashtanga_(eight_limbs_of_yoga)" title="Ashtanga (eight limbs of yoga)">Eight limbs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yamas" title="Yamas">Yama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niyama" title="Niyama">Niyama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asana" title="Asana">Asana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_position" title="Lotus position">Lotus position</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pranayama" title="Pranayama">Pranayama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratyahara" title="Pratyahara">Pratyahara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dh%C4%81ra%E1%B9%87%C4%81" title="Dhāraṇā">Dhāraṇā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhyana_in_Hinduism" title="Dhyana in Hinduism">Dhyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samadhi" title="Samadhi">Samadhi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kriy%C4%81" title="Kriyā">Kriyā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantra" title="Mantra">Mantra</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pranava_yoga" title="Pranava yoga">Pranava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C4%81da_yoga" title="Nāda yoga">Nada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surat_Shabd_Yoga" title="Surat Shabd Yoga">Surat Shabd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aghor_Yoga" title="Aghor Yoga">Aghor Yoga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudra#Yoga" title="Mudra">Mudras</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandha_(yoga)" title="Bandha (yoga)">Bandha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahamudra_(Hatha_Yoga)" title="Mahamudra (Hatha Yoga)">Mahamudra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viparita_Karani" title="Viparita Karani">Viparita Karani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mudras_(yoga)" title="List of mudras (yoga)">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyasa_(ritual)" title="Nyasa (ritual)">Nyasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumbhaka" title="Kumbhaka">Kumbhaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sama_vritti" title="Sama vritti">Sama vritti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shatkarma" title="Shatkarma">Shatkarmas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neti_(Hatha_Yoga)" title="Neti (Hatha Yoga)">Neti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhauti" title="Dhauti">Dhauti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauli" title="Nauli">Nauli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basti_(hatha_yoga)" title="Basti (hatha yoga)">Basti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapalabhati" title="Kapalabhati">Kapalabhati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhastrika" title="Bhastrika">Bhastrika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C4%81%E1%B9%ADaka" title="Trāṭaka">Trataka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapas_(Indian_religions)#Yoga_and_brahmacharya" title="Tapas (Indian religions)">Tapas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C4%81dhan%C4%81" title="Sādhanā">Sādhanā</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tantra" title="Tantra">Tantra</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yogi" title="Yogi">Yogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogini" title="Yogini">Yogini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddhi" title="Siddhi">Siddhi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahasiddha" title="Mahasiddha">Mahasiddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaiva_Siddhanta" title="Shaiva Siddhanta">Shaiva Siddhanta</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laya_Yoga" class="mw-redirect" title="Laya Yoga">Laya Yoga</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kundalini" title="Kundalini">Kundalini</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tantric_sex" title="Tantric sex">Sexual Yoga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hatha_yoga" title="Hatha yoga">Hatha yoga</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Amaraugha_Prabodha" class="mw-redirect" title="Amaraugha Prabodha">Amaraugha Prabodha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Amritasiddhi" title="Amritasiddhi">Amritasiddhi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bahr_al-Hayat" title="Bahr al-Hayat">Bahr al-Hayat</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ha%E1%B9%ADh%C4%81bhy%C4%81sapaddhati" title="Haṭhābhyāsapaddhati">Hathabhyasapaddhati</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ha%E1%B9%ADha_Ratn%C4%81val%C4%AB" title="Haṭha Ratnāvalī">Hatha Ratnavali</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hatha_Yoga_Pradipika" title="Hatha Yoga Pradipika">Hatha Yoga Pradipika</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hatha_Yoga:_The_Report_of_a_Personal_Experience" title="Hatha Yoga: The Report of a Personal Experience">Hatha Yoga: The Report of a Personal Experience</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gheranda_Samhita" title="Gheranda Samhita">Gheranda Samhita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Joga_Prad%C4%ABpik%C4%81" title="Joga Pradīpikā">Joga Pradipika</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shiva_Samhita" title="Shiva Samhita">Shiva Samhita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sritattvanidhi" title="Sritattvanidhi">Sritattvanidhi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vasishtha_Samhita" title="Vasishtha Samhita">Vasishtha Samhita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vimanarcanakalpa" title="Vimanarcanakalpa">Vimanarcanakalpa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yogasopana_Purvacatuska" title="Yogasopana Purvacatuska">Yogasopana Purvacatuska</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Theravada" title="Theravada">Theravada</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samatha" class="mw-redirect" title="Samatha">Samatha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samadhi_(Buddhism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Samadhi (Buddhism)">Samadhi (Buddhism)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vipassan%C4%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Vipassanā">Vipassana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anapanasati" title="Anapanasati">Anapanasati</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Visuddhimagga" title="Visuddhimagga">Visuddhimagga</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana">Mahayana</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>India <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yogachara" title="Yogachara">Yogachara</a></li></ul></li> <li>Japan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tendai" title="Tendai">Tendai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zazen" title="Zazen">Zazen</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vajrayana" title="Vajrayana">Vajrayana</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>India <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classes_of_Tantra_in_Tibetan_Buddhism#Kriyayoga" title="Classes of Tantra in Tibetan Buddhism">Kriyayoga (Buddhist)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classes_of_Tantra_in_Tibetan_Buddhism#Caryayoga" title="Classes of Tantra in Tibetan Buddhism">Caryayoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classes_of_Tantra_in_Tibetan_Buddhism#Anuttarayoga" title="Classes of Tantra in Tibetan Buddhism">Anuttarayoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahajayana" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahajayana">Sahajayana</a></li></ul></li> <li>Tibet <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_tantric_practice" title="Tibetan tantric practice">Devata yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trul_khor" title="Trul khor">Yantra yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six_Dharmas_of_Naropa" title="Six Dharmas of Naropa">Six Yogas of Naropa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tummo" title="Tummo">Tummo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luminous_mind" title="Luminous mind">Ösel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karmamudra" class="mw-redirect" title="Karmamudra">Karmamudra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dream_yoga" title="Dream yoga">Milam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bardo" title="Bardo">Bardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phowa" title="Phowa">Phowa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahayoga" title="Mahayoga">Mahayoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anuyoga" title="Anuyoga">Anuyoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atiyoga" class="mw-redirect" title="Atiyoga">Atiyoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahamudra" title="Mahamudra">Mahamudra</a></li></ul></li> <li>China <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Esoteric_Buddhism" title="Chinese Esoteric Buddhism">Tangmi</a></li></ul></li> <li>Japan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shingon" class="mw-redirect" title="Shingon">Shingon</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modern_yoga" title="Modern yoga">Modern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yoga_as_exercise" title="Yoga as exercise">As exercise</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asana" title="Asana">Asana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Downward_Dog_Pose" title="Downward Dog Pose">Downward dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_asanas" title="Standing asanas">Standing asanas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_asanas" title="List of asanas">List of asanas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drishti_(yoga)" title="Drishti (yoga)">Drishti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Salutation" title="Sun Salutation">Sun Salutation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viny%C4%81sa" title="Vinyāsa">Vinyāsa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hasta_Vinyasas" title="Hasta Vinyasas">Hasta Vinyasas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_as_therapy" title="Yoga as therapy">Yoga as therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_for_women" title="Yoga for women">Yoga for women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_using_props" title="Yoga using props">Props</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Light_on_Yoga" title="Light on Yoga">Light on Yoga</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_yoga_hybrids" title="List of yoga hybrids">Yoga hybrids</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mindful_Yoga" title="Mindful Yoga">Mindful Yoga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Day_of_Yoga" title="International Day of Yoga">International Day of Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_yoga_schools" title="List of yoga schools">List of yoga schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_yoga_gurus" title="Modern yoga gurus">Modern yoga gurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Nidra" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoga Nidra">Yoga Nidra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Yoga_scholars" title="Template:Yoga scholars">Yoga scholars (template)</a></li> <li>Journals <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Asana_Journal" title="Asana Journal">Asana Journal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Journal" title="Yoga Journal">Yoga Journal</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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