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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" 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class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Easter_island_and_south_america.jpg/330px-Easter_island_and_south_america.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Easter_island_and_south_america.jpg 2x" data-file-width="345" data-file-height="345" /></a><figcaption>Location of <a href="/wiki/Easter_Island" title="Easter Island">Easter Island</a> in the <a href="/wiki/South_Pacific_Ocean" class="mw-redirect" title="South Pacific Ocean">South Pacific Ocean</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Geologically one of the youngest inhabited territories on Earth, <a href="/wiki/Easter_Island" title="Easter Island">Easter Island</a> (also called Rapa Nui), located in the mid-<a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a>, was, for most of its history, one of the most isolated. Its inhabitants, the <a href="/wiki/Rapa_Nui_people" title="Rapa Nui people">Rapa Nui</a>, have endured <a href="/wiki/Famines" class="mw-redirect" title="Famines">famines</a>, epidemics of disease, civil war, environmental collapse, <a href="/wiki/Blackbirding" title="Blackbirding">slave raids</a>, various colonial contacts,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDiamond200579–119_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiamond200579–119-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and have seen their population crash on more than one occasion. The ensuing cultural legacy has brought the island notoriety out of proportion to the number of its inhabitants. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="First_settlers">First settlers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Easter_Island&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: First settlers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesian peoples</a></div> <p>Early European visitors to <a href="/wiki/Easter_Island" title="Easter Island">Easter Island</a> recorded the local oral traditions about the original settlers. In these traditions, Easter Islanders claimed that a chief <a href="/wiki/Hotu_Matu%27a" class="mw-redirect" title="Hotu Matu'a">Hotu Matu'a</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> arrived on the island in one or two large canoes with his wife and extended family.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are believed to have been <a href="/wiki/Polynesians" title="Polynesians">Polynesian</a>. There is considerable uncertainty about the accuracy of this legend as well as the date of settlement. Published literature suggests the island was settled around 300–400 <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">CE</a>. Some scientists say that Easter Island was not inhabited until 700–800 CE. This date range is based on <a href="/wiki/Glottochronology" title="Glottochronology">glottochronological</a> calculations and on three <a href="/wiki/Radiocarbon_dating" title="Radiocarbon dating">radiocarbon dates</a> from charcoal that appears to have been produced during forest clearance activities.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDiamond200589_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiamond200589-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moreover, a recent study which included radiocarbon dates from what is thought to be very early material suggests that the island was settled as recently as 1200 CE.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This seems to be supported by a 2006 study of the island's deforestation, which may have started around the same time.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-huntlipo2011_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-huntlipo2011-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A large now <a href="/wiki/Extinction" title="Extinction">extinct</a> <a href="/wiki/Arecaceae" title="Arecaceae">palm</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Paschalococos" title="Paschalococos">Paschalococos disperta</a>,</i> related to the <a href="/wiki/Chilean_wine_palm" class="mw-redirect" title="Chilean wine palm">Chilean wine palm</a> <i>(<a href="/wiki/Jubaea" title="Jubaea">Jubaea</a> chilensis)</i>, was one of the dominant trees as attested by fossil evidence; this species, whose sole occurrence was Easter Island, became extinct.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesian</a> <a href="/wiki/Polynesia" title="Polynesia">Polynesians</a>, who first settled the island, are likely to have arrived from the <a href="/wiki/Marquesas_Islands" title="Marquesas Islands">Marquesas Islands</a> from the west. These settlers brought <a href="/wiki/Banana" title="Banana">bananas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taro" title="Taro">taro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sugarcane" title="Sugarcane">sugarcane</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Paper_mulberry" title="Paper mulberry">paper mulberry</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Chicken" title="Chicken">chickens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Polynesian_rat" title="Polynesian rat">Polynesian rats</a>. The island at one time supported a relatively advanced and complex civilization. </p><p>It is suggested that the reason settlers sought an isolated island was because of high levels of <a href="/wiki/Ciguatera" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciguatera">Ciguatera fish poisoning</a> in their then-current surrounding area.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="South_American_links">South American links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Easter_Island&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: South American links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Rapa_Nui_people#Pre-European_contact_(300–1722_CE)" title="Rapa Nui people">Rapa Nui people § Pre-European contact (300–1722 CE)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_trans-oceanic_contact#Possible_Polynesian_trans-oceanic_contact" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact">Pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact § Possible Polynesian trans-oceanic contact</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ipomoea_batatas_%27rapa_nui%27_20220119_121604.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Ipomoea_batatas_%27rapa_nui%27_20220119_121604.jpg/220px-Ipomoea_batatas_%27rapa_nui%27_20220119_121604.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Ipomoea_batatas_%27rapa_nui%27_20220119_121604.jpg/330px-Ipomoea_batatas_%27rapa_nui%27_20220119_121604.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Ipomoea_batatas_%27rapa_nui%27_20220119_121604.jpg/440px-Ipomoea_batatas_%27rapa_nui%27_20220119_121604.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Traditional Rapa Nui <a href="/wiki/Cultivar" title="Cultivar">cultivar</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sweet_potato" title="Sweet potato">sweet potato</a> (<i>kumara</i>)</figcaption></figure> <p>The Norwegian botanist and explorer <a href="/wiki/Thor_Heyerdahl" title="Thor Heyerdahl">Thor Heyerdahl</a> (and many others) has documented that cultural similarities exist between Easter Island and South American Indian cultures. He has suggested that this most likely came from some settlers arriving from the continent.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to local legends, a group of people called <i><a href="/wiki/Hanau_epe" title="Hanau epe">hanau epe</a></i> (meaning either "long eared" or "stocky" people) came into conflict with another group called the <i>hanau momoko</i> (either "short-eared" or "slim" people).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After mutual suspicions erupted in a violent clash, the <i>hanau epe</i> were overthrown and nearly exterminated, leaving only one survivor.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Various interpretations of this story have been made – that it represents a struggle between natives and incoming migrants; that it recalls inter-clan warfare; or that represents a class conflict.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite these claims, <a href="/wiki/DNA_sequence" class="mw-redirect" title="DNA sequence">DNA sequence analysis</a> of Easter Island's current inhabitants indicates that the 36 people living on Rapa Nui who survived the devastating internecine wars, slave raids and epidemics of the 19th century and had any offspring,<sup id="cite_ref-rongorongo_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rongorongo-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were Polynesian. Furthermore, examination of skeletons offers evidence of only Polynesian origins for Rapa Nui living on the island after 1680.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pre-European_society">Pre-European society</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Easter_Island&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Pre-European society"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Rapa_Nui" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Rapa Nui">Kingdom of Rapa Nui</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AhuTongariki.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/AhuTongariki.JPG/220px-AhuTongariki.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/AhuTongariki.JPG/330px-AhuTongariki.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/AhuTongariki.JPG/440px-AhuTongariki.JPG 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ahu_Tongariki" title="Ahu Tongariki">Ahu Tongariki</a> near <a href="/wiki/Rano_Raraku" title="Rano Raraku">Rano Raraku</a>, a 15-<a href="/wiki/Moai" title="Moai">moai</a> <a href="/wiki/Ahu_(Easter_Island)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahu (Easter Island)">ahu</a> excavated and restored in the 1990s</figcaption></figure> <p>According to legends recorded by the missionaries in the 1860s, the island originally had a very clear <a href="/wiki/Class_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Class system">class system</a>, with an <i><a href="/wiki/Ariki" title="Ariki">ariki</a></i>, king, wielding absolute god-like power ever since Hotu Matua had arrived on the island. The most visible element in the culture was production of massive <a href="/wiki/Moai" title="Moai">moai</a> that were part of the <a href="/wiki/Ancestral_worship" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancestral worship">ancestral worship</a>. With a strictly unified appearance, moai were erected along most of the coastline, indicating a homogeneous culture and centralized governance. In addition to the royal family, the island's habitation consisted of priests, soldiers and commoners. </p><p>The <i>ariki mau</i>, Kai Mako'i 'Iti, along with his grandson Mau Rata, died in the 1860s while serving as an <a href="/wiki/Indentured_servant" class="mw-redirect" title="Indentured servant">indentured servant</a> in Peru.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer200581,_89_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer200581,_89-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rano-Kau-2b-Birdman-Cult.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Rano-Kau-2b-Birdman-Cult.JPG/170px-Rano-Kau-2b-Birdman-Cult.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Rano-Kau-2b-Birdman-Cult.JPG/255px-Rano-Kau-2b-Birdman-Cult.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Rano-Kau-2b-Birdman-Cult.JPG/340px-Rano-Kau-2b-Birdman-Cult.JPG 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Motu_Nui" title="Motu Nui">Motu Nui</a> islet, part of the Birdman Cult ceremony</figcaption></figure> <p>For unknown reasons, a coup by military leaders called <i>matatoa</i> had brought a new cult based around a previously unexceptional god, <a href="/wiki/Makemake_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Makemake (mythology)">Make-make</a>. In the cult of the birdman (Rapa Nui: <i><a href="/wiki/Tangata_manu" title="Tangata manu">tangata manu</a></i>), a competition was established in which every year a representative of each clan, chosen by the leaders, would swim across shark-infested waters to <a href="/wiki/Motu_Nui" title="Motu Nui">Motu Nui</a>, a nearby islet, to search for the season's first egg laid by a <i>manutara</i> (<a href="/wiki/Sooty_Tern" class="mw-redirect" title="Sooty Tern">sooty tern</a>). The first swimmer to return with an egg and successfully climb back up the cliff to <a href="/wiki/Orongo" title="Orongo">Orongo</a> would be named "Birdman of the year" and secure control over distribution of the island's resources for his clan for the year. The tradition was still in existence at the time of first contact by Europeans but was suppressed by Christian missionaries in the 1860s. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_"statue-toppling""><span id="The_.22statue-toppling.22"></span>The "statue-toppling"</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Easter_Island&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The "statue-toppling""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>European accounts in 1722 (<a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Dutch</a>) and 1770 (<a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spanish</a>) reported seeing only standing statues, which were still venerated, but by <a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">James Cook</a>'s visit in 1774 many were reported toppled. The <i>huri mo'ai</i> – the "statue-toppling" – continued into the 1830s. By 1838, the only standing <a href="/wiki/Moai" title="Moai">moai</a> were on the slopes of <a href="/wiki/Rano_Raraku" title="Rano Raraku">Rano Raraku</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hoa_Hakananai%27a" title="Hoa Hakananai'a">Hoa Hakananai'a</a> at <a href="/wiki/Orongo" title="Orongo">Orongo</a>. In about 60 years, islanders had damaged this part of their ancestors' heritage;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer200564_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer200564-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> theories have ranged from intertribal warfare to loss of faith in their ancestors' ability to protect them. In modern times, moai have been restored at <a href="/wiki/Anakena" title="Anakena">Anakena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ahu_Tongariki" title="Ahu Tongariki">Ahu Tongariki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ahu_Akivi" title="Ahu Akivi">Ahu Akivi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hanga_Roa" title="Hanga Roa">Hanga Roa</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="European_contacts">European contacts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Easter_Island&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: European contacts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EasterIsland_1772.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/EasterIsland_1772.JPG/170px-EasterIsland_1772.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/EasterIsland_1772.JPG/255px-EasterIsland_1772.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/EasterIsland_1772.JPG/340px-EasterIsland_1772.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3750" data-file-height="5308" /></a><figcaption>1770 González de Ahedo expedition's maps of Easter Island (<i>Isla de San Carlos</i>). Original north-down manuscript map of Easter Island, Collection of <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>, Washington, DC;<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> original manuscript map of Spanish anchorage at Easter Island, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Daulton" title="Jack Daulton">Jack Daulton</a> Collection, Los Altos Hills, California.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plan_de_l%27Isle_de_Paque_(1797).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Plan_de_l%27Isle_de_Paque_%281797%29.jpg/170px-Plan_de_l%27Isle_de_Paque_%281797%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Plan_de_l%27Isle_de_Paque_%281797%29.jpg/255px-Plan_de_l%27Isle_de_Paque_%281797%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Plan_de_l%27Isle_de_Paque_%281797%29.jpg/340px-Plan_de_l%27Isle_de_Paque_%281797%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4002" data-file-height="5698" /></a><figcaption>1786 <a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Galaup,_comte_de_La_P%C3%A9rouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean-François de Galaup, comte de La Pérouse">La Pérouse</a> map</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Social_and_Political_Systems_of_Central_Polynesia_-_Easter_Island.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/The_Social_and_Political_Systems_of_Central_Polynesia_-_Easter_Island.png/170px-The_Social_and_Political_Systems_of_Central_Polynesia_-_Easter_Island.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/The_Social_and_Political_Systems_of_Central_Polynesia_-_Easter_Island.png/255px-The_Social_and_Political_Systems_of_Central_Polynesia_-_Easter_Island.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/The_Social_and_Political_Systems_of_Central_Polynesia_-_Easter_Island.png/340px-The_Social_and_Political_Systems_of_Central_Polynesia_-_Easter_Island.png 2x" data-file-width="6691" data-file-height="4768" /></a><figcaption>Map of traditional clan districts</figcaption></figure> <p>The first-recorded European contact with the island took place on 5 April (<a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter Sunday</a>) 1722 when <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Dutch</a> navigator <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Roggeveen" title="Jacob Roggeveen">Jacob Roggeveen</a><sup id="cite_ref-Anne_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anne-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> visited for a week and estimated there were 2,000 to 3,000 inhabitants on the island. His party reported "remarkable, tall, stone figures, a good 30 feet in height", the island had rich soil and a good climate and "all the country was under cultivation". Fossil-pollen analysis shows that the main trees on the island had gone 72 years earlier in 1650<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. </p><p>The islanders were fascinated by the Dutch and sailed out to meet them, unarmed. The Dutch officer, Karl Friedrich Barons, wrote of the encounter<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>During the morning [the captain] brought an Easter Islander onboard with his craft. This hapless creature seemed to be very glad to behold us, and he showed the greatest wonder at the build of our ship. He took special notice of the taughtness of our spars, the stoutness of our rigging and running gear, the sails, the guns, which he felt all over with minute attention and with everything else that he saw. When the image of his own features was displayed before him in a mirror, he started suddenly back, and then looked toward the back of the glass, apparently in the expectation of discovering the cause of the apparition. After we had sufficiently beguilded ourselves with him and he with us, we started him off again in his canoe towards the shore</p></blockquote> <p>When the Dutch got to shore, the islanders pressed around them, tried to touch the Dutch, their clothes, and even their guns. During this, a shot rang out from an unknown person, leading to a firefight that killed ten or twelve islanders. To their distress, they learned that among them was the young man who they had shown their ship, to which Barons stated that the crew was "much grieved". The natives soon returned – not for revenge, but seeking to trade food for the bodies of their fallen. The Dutch left shortly thereafter<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. </p><p>The next foreign visitors arrived on 15 November 1770: two Spanish ships, <i>San Lorenzo</i> and <i>Santa Rosalia</i>, sent by the <a href="/wiki/Viceroy" title="Viceroy">Viceroy</a> of <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manuel_de_Amat_y_Junyent" title="Manuel de Amat y Junyent">Manuel de Amat</a>, and commanded by <a href="/wiki/Felipe_Gonz%C3%A1lez_de_Ahedo" title="Felipe González de Ahedo">Felipe González de Ahedo</a>. They spent five days on the island, performing a very thorough survey of its coast, and named it <i>Isla de San Carlos</i>, taking possession on behalf of King <a href="/wiki/Charles_III_of_Spain" title="Charles III of Spain">Charles III of Spain</a>, and ceremoniously erected three wooden crosses on top of three small hills on <a href="/wiki/Poike" title="Poike">Poike</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Four years later, in mid-March 1774, British explorer <a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">James Cook</a> visited Easter Island. Cook himself was too sick to walk far, but a small group explored the island.<sup id="cite_ref-Pelta2001_25_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pelta2001_25-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They reported the statues as being neglected with some having fallen down; no sign of the three crosses and his botanist described it as "a poor land". He had a <a href="/wiki/Tahitian_language" title="Tahitian language">Tahitian</a> interpreter who could partially understand the language.<sup id="cite_ref-Pelta2001_25_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pelta2001_25-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other than in counting, though, the language was unintelligible.<sup id="cite_ref-Cook1777_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cook1777-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cook later estimated that there were about 700 people on the island. He saw only three or four canoes, all unseaworthy. Parts of the island were cultivated with <a href="/wiki/Banana" title="Banana">banana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sugarcane" title="Sugarcane">sugarcane</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sweet_potato" title="Sweet potato">sweet potatoes</a>, while other parts looked like they had once been cultivated but had fallen into disuse. <a href="/wiki/Georg_Forster" title="Georg Forster">Georg Forster</a> reported in his account that he saw no trees over ten feet tall on the island.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPelta200127–8_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPelta200127–8-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cook also noted that, unlike before, the islanders carried weapons when approaching foreign visitors – "<i>spears, six or eight feet long, which are pointed at one end with pieces of black flint</i>". </p><p>On 10 April 1786, the French explorer <a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Galaup,_comte_de_Lap%C3%A9rouse" title="Jean-François de Galaup, comte de Lapérouse">Jean François de Galaup La Pérouse</a> visited and made a detailed map of Easter Island.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPelta200128–9_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPelta200128–9-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He described the island as one-tenth cultivated and estimated that the population of the island was around two thousand.<sup id="cite_ref-Skeletal_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skeletal-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As published maps increasingly included the island, by the 19th century it had become a common resupply stop for sealing and whaling ships, with over fifty known visits. Over time, these stops (starting with an 1805 visit from an American sealing ship) increasingly included <a href="/wiki/Impressment" title="Impressment">pressing</a> the islanders into the ships' crews as forced labourers, and – ultimately – outright slave raids. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Destruction_of_society_and_population">Destruction of society and population</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Easter_Island&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Destruction of society and population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A series of devastating events killed almost the entire population of Easter Island. <a href="/wiki/Jared_Diamond" title="Jared Diamond">Jared Diamond</a> suggested that Easter Island's society so destroyed their environment that, by around 1600, their society fell into a downward spiral of warfare, cannibalism, and population decline (see <a href="/wiki/Easter_Island#Ecocide_hypothesis" title="Easter Island">ecocide hypothesis</a>). Critics contend that society was largely peaceful and booming at the time of western contact and that it only went into a catastrophic decline after the introduction of western diseases and slaving raids (see <a href="/wiki/Easter_Island#Criticism_of_the_ecocide_theory" title="Easter Island">criticism of the ecocide theory</a>). </p><p>Disaster arrived in the 1860s when Peruvian slavers came, looking for captives to sell in Peru. Easter Island was not the only island to suffer but it was the hardest hit because it was closest to the South American coast. Eight ships arrived to Easter Island in December 1862. About 80 seamen assembled on the beach while trade goods such as necklaces, mirrors and other items were spread out. At a signal, guns were fired and islanders were caught, tied up, and carried off to the ships. At least ten Rapanui were killed. A second and third landing was attempted in the following days, but defensive measures forced a retreat back to the ships. More than 1400 Rapanui islanders were kidnapped, about half of the island's population. Some were sold in Peru as domestic servants; others for manual labor on the plantations. Food was inadequate and discipline harsh; medical care was virtually non-existent. Islanders sickened and died. As word of the activities of the slavers spread, public opinion in Peru became hostile to this trade in human beings; newspapers wrote angry editorials. International protests erupted, escalated by Bishop <a href="/wiki/Florentin-%C3%89tienne_Jaussen" title="Florentin-Étienne Jaussen">Florentin-Étienne Jaussen</a> of <a href="/wiki/Tahiti" title="Tahiti">Tahiti</a>, and the French Government and missionary societies protested. Convinced that the entire "immigration scheme" was damaging the reputation of Peru in the eyes of the rest of the world, the Peruvian Government announced that they would henceforth "prohibit the introduction of Polynesian settlers".<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The slaves were finally freed in autumn 1863, but by then most of them had already died of <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smallpox" title="Smallpox">smallpox</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dysentery" title="Dysentery">dysentery</a>. Finally, a dozen islanders managed to return from the horrors of Peru, but brought with them smallpox and started an epidemic, which reduced the island's population to the point where some of the dead were not even buried.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer2005[httpsarchiveorgdetailsislandatendofwor00stevpage86_pp._86–91]_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer2005[httpsarchiveorgdetailsislandatendofwor00stevpage86_pp._86–91]-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eug%C3%A8ne_Eyraud.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Eug%C3%A8ne_Eyraud.jpg/220px-Eug%C3%A8ne_Eyraud.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Eug%C3%A8ne_Eyraud.jpg/330px-Eug%C3%A8ne_Eyraud.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Eug%C3%A8ne_Eyraud.jpg/440px-Eug%C3%A8ne_Eyraud.jpg 2x" data-file-width="817" data-file-height="1108" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Eyraud" title="Eugène Eyraud">Eugène Eyraud</a> converted the whole population of the island to <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholicism</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The first Christian missionary, <a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Eyraud" title="Eugène Eyraud">Eugène Eyraud</a>, arrived in January 1864 and spent most of that year on the island and reported for the first time the existence of the so-called <a href="/wiki/Rongo-rongo" class="mw-redirect" title="Rongo-rongo">rongo-rongo</a> tablets; but mass conversion of the <a href="/wiki/Rapa_Nui" class="mw-redirect" title="Rapa Nui">Rapa Nui</a> only came after his return in 1866 with Father <a href="/wiki/Hippolyte_Roussel" title="Hippolyte Roussel">Hippolyte Roussel</a>. Two other missionaries arrived with Captain <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Dutrou-Bornier" title="Jean-Baptiste Dutrou-Bornier">Jean-Baptiste Dutrou-Bornier</a>. Eyraud contracted <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a> during the 1867 island epidemic, which took a quarter of the island's remaining population of 1,200, with only 930 Rapanui remaining. The dead included the last <i>ariki mau</i>, the last East Polynesia royal first-born son, the 13-year-old <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manu_Rangi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manu Rangi (page does not exist)">Manu Rangi</a>. Eyraud died of tuberculosis in August 1868, by which time almost the entire Rapa Nui population had become <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer200592–103_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer200592–103-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i>Huntwell</i> was wrecked in February 1871, leaving twelve men stranded on the island. The <i>Indiaman</i> sank off Easter on March 19, 1872, stranding some 30 persons on the island. It was two months before they were picked up by another ship. In 1892, when the <i>Clorinda</i> foundered off the island, survivors were stranded for three months.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dutrou-Bornier">Dutrou-Bornier</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Easter_Island&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Dutrou-Bornier"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Dutrou-Bornier" title="Jean-Baptiste Dutrou-Bornier">Jean-Baptiste Dutrou-Bornier</a> – who had served as an artillery officer in the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a>, but was later arrested in Peru, accused of arms dealing and sentenced to death, to be released after intervention from the French consul – first came to Easter Island in 1866 when he transported two missionaries there, returned in 1867 to recruit laborers for coconut plantations, and then came again to stay in April 1868, burning the yacht he had arrived in. He was to have a long-lasting impact on the island. </p><p>Dutrou-Bornier set up residence at Mataveri, aiming to cleanse the island of most of the Rapa Nui and turn it into a sheep ranch. He married Koreto, a Rapa Nui, and appointed her Queen, tried to persuade France to make the island a protectorate, and recruited a faction of Rapa Nui whom he allowed to abandon their Christianity and revert to their previous faith. With rifles, a cannon, and hut burning supporters, he ran the island for several years.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer2005_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer2005-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (May 2024)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Dutrou-Bornier bought up all of the island apart from the missionaries' area around <a href="/wiki/Hanga_Roa" title="Hanga Roa">Hanga Roa</a> and moved a couple hundred Rapa Nui to <a href="/wiki/Tahiti" title="Tahiti">Tahiti</a> to work for his backers. In 1871 the missionaries, having fallen out with Dutrou-Bornier, evacuated 275 Rapa Nui to Mangareva and Tahiti, leaving only 230 on the island.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer2005113_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer2005113-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Those who remained were mostly older men. Six years later, there were just 111 people living on Easter Island.<sup id="cite_ref-rongorongo_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rongorongo-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Queen_of_Easter_Island_meets_Pinart_in_1877.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Queen_of_Easter_Island_meets_Pinart_in_1877.jpg/220px-Queen_of_Easter_Island_meets_Pinart_in_1877.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Queen_of_Easter_Island_meets_Pinart_in_1877.jpg/330px-Queen_of_Easter_Island_meets_Pinart_in_1877.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Queen_of_Easter_Island_meets_Pinart_in_1877.jpg/440px-Queen_of_Easter_Island_meets_Pinart_in_1877.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2040" data-file-height="1492" /></a><figcaption>"Queen Mother" Koreto with her daughters "Queen" Caroline and Harriette in 1877</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1876, Dutrou-Bornier was murdered in an argument over a dress, though his kidnapping of pubescent girls may also have motivated his killers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer2005120_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer2005120-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Neither his first wife back in France, who was heir under French law, nor his second wife on the island, who briefly installed their daughter Caroline as Queen, were to keep much from his estate. But to this day much of the island is a ranch controlled from off-island and for more than a century real power on the island was usually exercised by resident non-Rapa Nui living at Mataveri. An unusual number of shipwrecks had left the island better supplied with wood than for many generations, whilst legal wrangles over Dutrou-Bornier's land deals were to complicate the island's history for decades to come.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer2005_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer2005-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (May 2024)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1878–1888"><span id="1878.E2.80.931888"></span>1878–1888</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Easter_Island&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 1878–1888"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Ari%CA%BBipaea_Salmon" title="Alexander Ariʻipaea Salmon">Alexander Salmon Jr.</a>, was the brother of the Queen of Tahiti, the son of an English merchant adventurer, and a member of the mercantile dynasty that had bankrolled Dutrou-Bornier. He arrived on the island in 1878 with some fellow Tahitians and returning Rapa Nui and ran the island for a decade. As well as producing wool he encouraged the manufacture of Rapa Nui artworks, a trade that thrives to this day. It was this era of peace and recovery that saw the linguistic change from old Rapa Nui to the Tahitian-influenced modern <a href="/wiki/Rapa_Nui_language" title="Rapa Nui language">Rapa Nui language</a>, and some changes to the island's myths and culture to accommodate other Polynesian and Christian influences (notably, <i>Ure</i>, the old Rapa Nui word for "penis", was dropped from many people's names).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer2005123–31_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer2005123–31-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This era saw archaeological and ethnographic studies, one in 1882 by the Germans on the <a href="/wiki/Gunboat" title="Gunboat">gunboat</a> <a href="/wiki/SMS_Hy%C3%A4ne_(1878)" title="SMS Hyäne (1878)">SMS <i>Hyäne</i></a>, and again in 1886 by the American <a href="/wiki/Sloop-of-war" title="Sloop-of-war">sloop</a> <a href="/wiki/USS_Mohican_(1883)" title="USS Mohican (1883)">USS <i>Mohican</i></a>, whose crew excavated <a href="/wiki/Ahu_Vinapu" title="Ahu Vinapu">Ahu Vinapu</a> with dynamite.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer2005127,_131_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer2005127,_131-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Father Roussel made a number of pastoral visits in the decade, but the only permanent representatives of the church were Rapa Nui <a href="/wiki/Catechists" class="mw-redirect" title="Catechists">catechists</a> including, from 1884, <a href="/wiki/Angata" title="Angata">Angata</a>, one of the Rapa Nui who had left with the missionaries in 1871. Despite the lack of a resident priest to celebrate mass regularly, the Rapa Nui had returned to Roman Catholicism, but there remained some tension between temporal and spiritual power as Father Roussel disapproved of Salmon because of his Jewish paternity.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer2005124_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer2005124-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Incorporation_to_Chile">Incorporation to Chile</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Easter_Island&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Incorporation to Chile"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1776 the Chilean priest <a href="/wiki/Juan_Ignacio_Molina" title="Juan Ignacio Molina">Juan Ignacio Molina</a> highlights the island for its "monumental statues" in the fifth chapter on "Chilean Islands" of his book "Natural and Civil History of the Kingdom of Chile".<sup id="cite_ref-historia2010_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-historia2010-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 8 March 1837, under the command of Teniente de Marina Leoncio Señoret, the ship of the <a href="/wiki/Chilean_Navy" title="Chilean Navy">Chilean Navy</a> <a href="/wiki/Chilean_schooner_Colo_Colo_(1830)" title="Chilean schooner Colo Colo (1830)"><i>Colo Colo</i></a> sailed off from <a href="/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso">Valparaíso</a> bound for <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, the <i>Colo Colo</i> was the first Chilean ship to visit the Easter Island. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Policarpo_Toro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Policarpo_Toro.jpg/220px-Policarpo_Toro.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Policarpo_Toro.jpg/330px-Policarpo_Toro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Policarpo_Toro.jpg/440px-Policarpo_Toro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="785" /></a><figcaption>Chilean Navy Captain <a href="/wiki/Policarpo_Toro" title="Policarpo Toro">Policarpo Toro</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A professional sailor, in 1870 <a href="/wiki/Policarpo_Toro" title="Policarpo Toro">Policarpo Toro Hurtado</a> arrived with the corvette "O'Higgins" to Easter Island or Rapa Nui, being amazed by the culture and history of its long-suffering people whose culture had been on the verge of disappearing at the mercy of corsairs, slave hunters and internal conflicts, which had reduced its population at some point to only a little more than 100 people. </p><p>Immediately, Toro Hurtado began to worry about the fate of this abandoned island in the Pacific, stricken by piracy, slave smuggling and misery. He then had the idea that it could be definitively within the Chilean territorial limits, which some considered delirious, especially because France had included it among its Polynesian possessions since 1822, although it was owned by private hands. In the same year of 1870, Chile had sent a commission to investigate the island, under the command of Captain Luis Ignacio Gana, although without the objective of studying a possible annexation to the country. </p><p>In 1887 Chile took concrete actions to incorporate the island into the national territory, at the request of the Chilean Navy Captain <a href="/wiki/Policarpo_Toro" title="Policarpo Toro">Policarpo Toro</a>, who was concerned about the unprotected situation of the Rapa Nui for decades and began to influence the situation on his own initiative. Policarpo, through negotiations, bought land on the island at the request of the Bishop of Valparaiso, Salvador Donoso Rodriguez, owner of 600 hectares, together with the Salmon brothers, Dutrou-Bornier and John Brander, from Tahiti. The Chilean captain put money from his own pocket for this purpose, together with 6000 pounds sterling sent by the Chilean government.<sup id="cite_ref-historia2010_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-historia2010-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Rapa Nui tradition, the lands could not be sold, however, third parties believed they owned them and they were bought from them so that they would not interfere in the affairs of the island from that moment on. </p><p>At that time, the Rapa Nui population reached alarming numbers. In a census carried out by the Chilean corvette Abtao in 1892, there were only 101 Rapa Nui alive, of which only 12 were adult men. The Rapa Nui ethnic group, along with their culture, was at its closest point to extinction.<sup id="cite_ref-historia2010_39-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-historia2010-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Then, on September 9, 1888, thanks to the efforts of the Bishop of Tahiti, Monsignor José María Verdier, the Agreement of Wills (<i>Acuerdo de Voluntades</i>) was signed, in which the local representative <a href="/wiki/Atamu_Tekena" title="Atamu Tekena">Atamu Tekena</a>, head of the Council of Rapanui Chiefs ceded the sovereignty of the island to the State of Chile, represented by Policarpo Toro. The Rapa Nui elders ceded sovereignty, without renouncing their titles as chiefs, the ownership of their lands, the validity of their culture and traditions and on equal terms. The Rapa Nui sold nothing, they were integrated in equal conditions to Chile. </p><p>The annexation to Chile, together with the abolition of slavery in Peru, brought the advantage that foreign slavers did not take any more inhabitants from the island. However, in 1895, the <i>Compañía Explotadora de Isla de Pascua</i> from Enrique Merlet obtained the concession of the entire island after the failure of the State's colonization plan following the <a href="/wiki/Chilean_Civil_War_of_1891" title="Chilean Civil War of 1891">Civil War of 1891</a> and the change of government in the country. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bandera_de_la_isla_de_Pascua_1902.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Bandera_de_la_isla_de_Pascua_1902.jpg/220px-Bandera_de_la_isla_de_Pascua_1902.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Bandera_de_la_isla_de_Pascua_1902.jpg/330px-Bandera_de_la_isla_de_Pascua_1902.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Bandera_de_la_isla_de_Pascua_1902.jpg/440px-Bandera_de_la_isla_de_Pascua_1902.jpg 2x" data-file-width="513" data-file-height="448" /></a><figcaption>Flag flown by Easter Islanders before 1902, taking the design of the national flag and incorporating elements representative of the locals, including Catholic symbols. It was found by the school ship Baquedano which took it to the museum of Valparaíso.</figcaption></figure> <p>The company imposed prohibitions to live and work outside <a href="/wiki/Hanga_Roa" title="Hanga Roa">Hanga Roa</a> and even forced labor of the islanders in the company, something that was avoided thanks to the "safe-conducts" given by the Navy that allowed the islanders to cross the entire island once the Navy took control of the island during the 20th Century.<sup id="cite_ref-Moncada2002_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moncada2002-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1903 the island was bought by the English <a href="/wiki/Williamson-Balfour_Company" title="Williamson-Balfour Company">sheep-farming company Williamson Balfor</a> from the Merlet company, and – no longer being able to farm for food – the natives were forced to work on the ranches in order to buy food.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="20th_century">20th century</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Easter_Island&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Mana_Expedition_to_Easter_Island" title="Mana Expedition to Easter Island">Mana Expedition to Easter Island</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Schiff_Routledge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Schiff_Routledge.jpg/220px-Schiff_Routledge.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Schiff_Routledge.jpg/330px-Schiff_Routledge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Schiff_Routledge.jpg/440px-Schiff_Routledge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="563" /></a><figcaption>The <i>Mana</i> at Easter Island, 1914.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Mana Expedition led by <a href="/wiki/Katherine_Routledge" title="Katherine Routledge">Katherine</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Scoresby_Routledge" title="William Scoresby Routledge">William Scoresby Routledge</a> landed on the island in March 1914, conducting a 17-month archaeological and ethnographic survey.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October of the same year, the German <a href="/wiki/East_Asia_Squadron" title="East Asia Squadron">East Asia Squadron</a> including the <a href="/wiki/SMS_Scharnhorst" title="SMS Scharnhorst"><i>Scharnhorst</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SMS_Dresden_(1907)" title="SMS Dresden (1907)"><i>Dresden</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/SMS_Leipzig_(1905)" title="SMS Leipzig (1905)"><i>Leipzig</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/SMS_Gneisenau" title="SMS Gneisenau"><i>Gneisenau</i></a> assembled off the island at <a href="/wiki/Hanga_Roa" title="Hanga Roa">Hanga Roa</a> before sailing on to <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Coronel" title="Battle of Coronel">Coronel</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Falklands" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of the Falklands">Falklands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another German warship, the commerce raider <i><a href="/wiki/SS_Prinz_Eitel_Friedrich_(1904)" title="SS Prinz Eitel Friedrich (1904)">Prinz Eitel Friedrich</a></i>, visited in December and released 48 British and French merchant seamen onto the island, supplying much needed labour for the archaeologists expedition.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1914 there was an uprising of the natives inspired by the elderly <a href="/wiki/Catechesis" title="Catechesis">catechist</a> <a href="/wiki/Angata" title="Angata">María Angata Veri Veri</a> and led by Daniel Maria Teave with the aim of getting the State to take charge of the situation generated by the company. The Navy held the company responsible for the "brutal and savage acts" committed by Merlet and the company's administrators and an investigation was requested. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monse%C3%B1or_Rafael_Edwards.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Monse%C3%B1or_Rafael_Edwards.jpg/220px-Monse%C3%B1or_Rafael_Edwards.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="352" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Monse%C3%B1or_Rafael_Edwards.jpg/330px-Monse%C3%B1or_Rafael_Edwards.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Monse%C3%B1or_Rafael_Edwards.jpg/440px-Monse%C3%B1or_Rafael_Edwards.jpg 2x" data-file-width="693" data-file-height="1110" /></a><figcaption>Monsignor <a href="/wiki/Rafael_Edwards_Salas" title="Rafael Edwards Salas">Rafael Edwards Salas</a> sought to protect the Rapa Nui from private abuse with the help of the <a href="/wiki/Chilean_Navy" title="Chilean Navy">Chilean Navy</a> and the powers he had as Vicar of the Military.<sup id="cite_ref-Moncada2002_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moncada2002-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FoersterAlvear2015_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FoersterAlvear2015-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1916, the island was declared a subdelegation of the Department of Valparaíso. In the same year, Archbishop <a href="/wiki/Rafael_Edwards_Salas" title="Rafael Edwards Salas">Rafael Edwards Salas</a> visited the island and became the main spokesman for the natives' complaints and demands. However, the Chilean State decided to renew the lease to the Company, under the figure of the so-called "Provisional Temperament", distributing additional lands to the natives (5 ha per marriage as of 1926), allocating lands for the Chilean administration and establishing the permanent presence of the Navy, which in 1936 established a regulation according to which, with prior permission, the natives could leave Hanga Roa to fish or provide themselves with fuel.<sup id="cite_ref-Moncada2002_41-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moncada2002-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FoersterAlvear2015_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FoersterAlvear2015-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Monsignor Rafael Edwards sought to have the island declared a "naval jurisdiction" in order to intervene in it as military vicar and in this way support the Rapa Nui community, creating better living conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-Moncada2002_41-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moncada2002-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1933, the Chilean State Defense Council required the registration of the island in the name of the State in order to protect it from private individuals who wanted to register it in their own name.<sup id="cite_ref-Moncada2002_41-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moncada2002-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Until the 1960s the Rapanui were confined to Hanga Roa. The rest of the island was rented to the <a href="/wiki/Williamson-Balfour_Company" title="Williamson-Balfour Company">Williamson-Balfour Company</a> as a sheep farm until 1953 when President <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Ib%C3%A1%C3%B1ez_del_Campo" title="Carlos Ibáñez del Campo">Carlos Ibáñez del Campo</a> cancelled the company's contract for non-compliance and then assigned the entire administration of the island to the Chilean Navy.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The island was then managed by the <a href="/wiki/Chilean_Navy" title="Chilean Navy">Chilean Navy</a> until 1966, at which point the island was reopened in its entirety. The Rapanui were given Chilean citizenship that year with the Pascua Law enacted during the government of <a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Frei_Montalva" title="Eduardo Frei Montalva">Eduardo Frei Montalva</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDiamond2005112_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiamond2005112-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only Spanish was taught in the schools until that year. The Law also created the <a href="/wiki/Isla_de_Pascua_(commune)" title="Isla de Pascua (commune)">Isla de Pascua commune</a> depending from the <a href="/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso_Province" title="Valparaíso Province">Valparaíso Province</a> and implemented the Civil Registry, created the positions of governor, mayor and councilman, as well as the 6th Police Station of <a href="/wiki/Carabineros_de_Chile" title="Carabineros de Chile">Carabineros de Chile</a>, the first fire company of Easter Island, schools and a hospital. The first mayor was sworn in 1966 and was <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfonso_Rapu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfonso Rapu (page does not exist)">Alfonso Rapu</a> who sent a letter to President Frei two years prior influencing him to create the Pascua Law. </p><p>Islanders were only able to travel off the island easily after the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Mataveri_International_Airport" title="Mataveri International Airport">Mataveri International Airport</a> in 1965, which was built by the Longhi construction company, carrying hundreds of workers, heavy machinery, tents and a field hospital on ships. However, its use did not go beyond airline operations with small groups of tourists. At the same time, a <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> tracking station operated on the island, which ceased operations in 1975. </p><p>Between 1965 and 1970, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a> (USAF) settled on Easter Island, radically changing the way of life of the Rapa Nui, as they became acquainted with the customs of the consumer societies of the developed world.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 1967 LAN Chile flights began to land and the island began to be oriented towards cultural tourism. Since then, the main concerns for the natives were to strengthen production and marketing cooperatives, which received state support, and to recover their communal lands. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:General_Pinochet_junto_a_una_pascuense.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/General_Pinochet_junto_a_una_pascuense.jpg/250px-General_Pinochet_junto_a_una_pascuense.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/General_Pinochet_junto_a_una_pascuense.jpg/375px-General_Pinochet_junto_a_una_pascuense.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/General_Pinochet_junto_a_una_pascuense.jpg/500px-General_Pinochet_junto_a_una_pascuense.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1976" data-file-height="1384" /></a><figcaption>General Pinochet posing with a native <a href="/wiki/Rapa_Nui_people" title="Rapa Nui people">Rapa Nui</a> woman</figcaption></figure> <p>Following the <a href="/wiki/1973_Chilean_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1973 Chilean coup d'état">1973 Chilean coup d'état</a> that brought <a href="/wiki/Augusto_Pinochet" title="Augusto Pinochet">Augusto Pinochet</a> to power, Easter Island was placed under <a href="/wiki/Martial_law" title="Martial law">martial law</a>. Tourism slowed down and private property was restored. During his time in power, Pinochet visited Easter Island on three occasions. The military built a number of new military facilities and a new city hall.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On January 24, 1975, television arrived on the island, with the inauguration of a station of <a href="/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_Nacional_de_Chile" title="Televisión Nacional de Chile">Televisión Nacional de Chile</a>, which broadcast programming on a delayed basis until 1996, when live satellite transmissions to the island began. </p><p>In 1976 the <a href="/wiki/Isla_de_Pascua_Province" title="Isla de Pascua Province">Isla de Pascua Province</a> was created with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arnt_Arentsen_Pettersen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arnt Arentsen Pettersen (page does not exist)">Arnt Arentsen Pettersen</a> appointed as the first governor between 1976 and 1979. Between 1984 and 1990 the administration of Governor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sergio_Rapu_Haoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sergio Rapu Haoa (page does not exist)">Sergio Rapu Haoa</a> stands out and since then all the governors have been Rapanui. </p><p>In 1979, Decree Law No. 2885 was enacted to grant individual land titles to regular holders. </p><p>On April 1, 1986, Law No. 18,502 is enacted, which establishes the special fuel subsidy in Easter Island, stating that it "may not exceed in each product 3.5 monthly tax units per cubic meter, whose value may be paid directly or through the imputation of the respective amount to the payment of certain taxes". </p><p>As a result of an agreement in 1985 between Chile and the United States, the runway at <a href="/wiki/Mataveri_International_Airport" title="Mataveri International Airport">Mataveri International Airport</a> was extended by 423 metres (1,388 ft), reaching 3,353 metres (11,001 ft), and was re-opened in 1987. Pinochet is reported to have refused to attend the opening ceremony in protest against pressures from the United States to address human rights cases.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="21st_century">21st century</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Easter_Island&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 21st century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 30 July 2007, a constitutional reform gave Easter Island and the <a href="/wiki/Juan_Fern%C3%A1ndez_Islands" title="Juan Fernández Islands">Juan Fernández Islands</a> (also known as <a href="/wiki/Robinson_Crusoe_Island" title="Robinson Crusoe Island">Robinson Crusoe Island</a>) the status of "special territories" of Chile. Pending the enactment of a special charter, the island continued to be governed as a province of the V Region of <a href="/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso">Valparaíso</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Chilean_Law_20,193_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chilean_Law_20,193-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Solar_eclipse_of_July_11,_2010" title="Solar eclipse of July 11, 2010">total solar eclipse</a> visible from Easter Island occurred for the first time in over 1300 years on 11 July 2010, at 18:15:15.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Species of fish were collected in Easter Island for one month in different habitats including shallow lava pools, depths of 43 meters, and deep waters. Within these habitats, two holotypes and paratypes, <i><a href="/wiki/Antennarius_randalli" class="mw-redirect" title="Antennarius randalli">Antennarius randalli</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Antennarius_moai" title="Antennarius moai">Antennarius moai</a></i>, were discovered. These are considered frog-fish because of their characteristics: "12 dorsal rays, last two or three branched; bony part of first dorsal spine slightly shorter than second dorsal spine; body without bold zebra-like markings; caudal peduncle short, but distinct; last pelvic ray divided; pectoral rays 11 or 12".<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indigenous_rights_movement">Indigenous rights movement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Easter_Island&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Indigenous rights movement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Starting in August 2010, members of the indigenous Hitorangi clan occupied the <a href="/wiki/Hotel_Hanga_Roa" title="Hotel Hanga Roa">Hangaroa Eco Village and Spa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc.co.uk_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc.co.uk-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The occupiers allege that the hotel was bought from the Pinochet government, in violation of a Chilean agreement with the indigenous Rapa Nui, in the 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The occupiers say their ancestors had been cheated into giving up the land.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to a <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> report, on 3 December 2010, at least 25 people were injured when Chilean police using pellet guns attempted to evict from these buildings a group of Rapa Nui who had claimed that the land the buildings stood on had been illegally taken from their ancestors.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2011, the UN's Special Rapporteur on Indigenous People, James Anaya, expressed concern about the treatment of the indigenous Rapa Nui by the Chilean government, urging Chile to "make every effort to conduct a dialogue in good faith with representatives of the <a href="/wiki/Rapa_Nui_people" title="Rapa Nui people">Rapa Nui people</a> to solve, as soon as possible the real underlying problems that explain the current situation".<sup id="cite_ref-bbc.co.uk_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc.co.uk-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The incident ended in February 2011, when up to 50 armed police broke into the hotel to remove the final five occupiers. They were arrested by the government and no injuries were reported.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc.co.uk_56-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc.co.uk-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since being given Chilean citizenship in 1966, the Rapa Nui have re-embraced their ancient culture, or what could be reconstructed of it.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDiamond2005112_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiamond2005112-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Mataveri_International_Airport" title="Mataveri International Airport">Mataveri International Airport</a> is the island's only airport. In the 1980s, its runway was lengthened by the U.S. space program to 3,318 m (10,885 ft) so that it could serve as an <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_abort_modes" title="Space Shuttle abort modes">emergency landing site</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a>. This enabled regular wide body jet services and a consequent increase of tourism on the island, coupled with migration of people from mainland Chile which threatens to alter the <a href="/wiki/Polynesian_culture" title="Polynesian culture">Polynesian</a> identity of the island. Land disputes have created political tensions since the 1980s, with part of the native Rapa Nui opposed to private property and in favor of traditional communal property. </p><p>On 26 March 2015, local minority group Rapa Nui Parliament took control over large parts of the island, throwing out the <a href="/wiki/National_Forest_Corporation" title="National Forest Corporation">CONAF</a> park rangers in a non-violent revolution.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their main goal is to obtain independence from Chile. The situation has not yet been resolved. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_of_Science_of_Easter_Island">History of Science of Easter Island</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Easter_Island&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: History of Science of Easter Island"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Easter Island's long isolation was ended on Easter Sunday, 1722, when a Dutch explorer, Jacob Roggeveen, discovered the island. He named it for the Holy day. The Dutch were amazed by the great statues, which they thought were made from clay.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A Spanish Captain, Don Felipe Gonzales, was the next to land at Easter Island, in 1770. He claimed the island for the King of Spain. The famed English explorer, Captain James Cook, stopped briefly in 1774, and a French admiral and explorer, La Perouse, spent 11 hours on the island in 1786. These early visitors spent little actual time on the island. They were searching for water, wood, and food but the island had few of these items and it also lacked a safe anchorage. They soon sailed onward. None of the early visitors saw the famous quarry where the statues were carved. Some noted that the land seemed well-cultivated, with fields neatly laid out. Comments were made of the unusual boat-shaped houses, and nearly all mentioned the lack of serviceable canoes.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An ethnologist, Alfred Metraux, came to Easter Island as part of the Franco-Belgian Expedition (1934–35). Accompanied by Henri Lavachery, an archaeologist, Metraux gathered legends, traditions, and myths along with information on the material culture; his work has become a standard reference for the island's past. Metraux's books resulted in focusing the world's attention on the island (See <i>Ethnology of Easter Island,</i> 1971).<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History_of_archaeology">History of archaeology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Easter_Island&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: History of archaeology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Major archaeological expeditions and studies on Easter Island: excavations, restorations, inventories and extended survey. In 1884, Geiseler conducted an archaeological inventory on Easter Island. In 1889, W. J. Thomson carried out an archaeological survey of the island's remains. </p><p>During 1914-1915, Mrs. Katherine Routledge undertook subsurface archaeological investigations, focusing on the statue bases at Rano Raraku. Her work also included excavations and explorations on Motu Nui, where she discovered the stone statue "Te titaahanga o te henua." During 1934-1935, Henri Lavachery and Alfred Métraux recorded petroglyphs, made surface observations of monuments, explored caves on Motu Nui, documented rock art, and studied human burials. Their comprehensive archaeological ethnology of Metraux contributed significantly to the island's understanding. </p><p>In 1935, the Ministry of Lands and Colonization declared Easter Island a National Park and a Historic Monument. In 1936, Cornejo and Atan conducted an archaeological inventory on Easter Island, further enriching the knowledge of the island's cultural history. In 1948, Father Sebastian Englert conducted archaeological studies on Easter Island. His research provided additional information on caves on Motu Nui and associated an anthropomorphic face with a warrior named Ure a Rei. His work encompassed various aspects, including archaeology, ethnology, history, and linguistics. </p><p>In 1955-1956, Thor Heyerdahl led a Norwegian expedition to Easter Island with six archaeologists. The expedition aimed to investigate various monuments on the island, shedding light on its prehistoric past and cultural significance. In 1958, Thomas Bartel conducted linguistic studies and translated Rongo Rongo tablets, alongside investigations of archaeological sites. His research contributed to our understanding of the island's unique script and its historical context. In 1960, Gonzalo Figueroa and William Mulloy led investigations and restoration efforts at Ahu Akivi, including the re-erection of statues. </p><p>In 1965, William Mulloy conducted measurements of azimuths of approximately 300 ahu facades for stellar orientation, contributing to our understanding of the island's ancient astronomical practices. In 1966, Mulloy and Figueroa published "The Archaeological Heritage of Easter Island," offering an extensive overview of the island's archaeological treasures. In 1968, an extensive archaeological inventory led by Mulloy, McCoy, Ayres, and Chilean Government and International Fund for Monuments surveyed Rano Kau and its environs (Quadrangles 1, 2, 4, 5, 6). The expedition involved survey and excavation, restoration of ahu and statues, and the documentation of caves and shelters. This comprehensive research led to the discovery of obsidian flakes and red earthen pigment. </p><p>During 1969-1976, Mulloy and Ayres focused on reconstruction techniques of carving, transporting, and erecting statues. Their work encompassed various ahu excavation and restoration projects, contributing to the island's preservation. In 1973, P. C. McCoy conducted the excavation of a rectangular house on the east rim of Rano Kau volcano, providing insights into the island's ancient architecture. In 1975, William Mulloy led investigations and restoration efforts in the southern half of the ceremonial center, focusing on masonry conservation and preservation of stone structures. This research also included historical context and recommendations for future work and visitor access. Additionally, the excavation and restoration of the solstice-oriented Ahu Vai Puku took place during this period. </p><p>During 1976-1993, Claudio Cristino F., Patricia Vargas C., and other researchers conducted an island-wide archaeological survey, adding to the understanding of Easter Island's rich history. In 1978, Patrick C. McCoy explored the significance of near-shore islets in Easter Island's prehistory. The research also examined the various roles of motu, including their use as retreats and fishing grounds. Excavations on Motu Nui and Motu Iti contributed to the island's historical knowledge. In 1979, W. S. Ayres led the excavation and restoration of the Ahu A Kivi-Vai Teka complex. The research included the description of construction stages and the site's destruction. In 1984, a team led by Christopher M. Stevenson, Leslie C. Shaw, and Claudio Cristino conducted a study of the Orito obsidian quarry. Their research focused on lithic reduction techniques, temporal aspects of obsidian use, and patterns of obsidian consumption at habitation sites. Extensive fieldwork and excavation activities were carried out in 1981. </p><p>In 1985, Joiko Henriquez conducted a study on the primitive paintings of Easter Island. The research encompassed bibliographic sources, critical history, conservation problems, and restoration proposals based on on-site observations conducted in October 1983. In 1985, Douglas W. Owsley and Ann-Marie Miles conducted a study on dental caries in the permanent teeth of prehistoric Easter Islanders. This research provided insights into dietary habits, oral health, and land tenure matters. The analysis of dental data was carried out with various support. </p><p>During 1986-1988, Sergio Rapu H., Sonia Haoa, Gill and Owlsley, and other researchers conducted osteological excavations at Ahu Naunau. During 1986-1988, the Kon-Tiki Museum team conducted test excavations. In December 1990, an archaeological survey was conducted in quadrangles 30 and 31, specifically in the La Perouse area. University of Chile and CONADIP: Prospection archaeological studies on Easter Island have been ongoing since 1977. These studies aim to explore the island's archaeological treasures and uncover its hidden history.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2011, prehistoric pits—filled with red pigment that dated to between 1200 and 1650 <span title="Common Era">CE</span>, after the deforestation—were discovered by archaeologists. The pits contained red ochre consisting of the iron oxides hematite and maghemite and were covered with a lid.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>”This indicates, that even though the palm vegetation had disappeared, the prehistoric population of Easter Island continued the pigment production, and on a substantial scale" said archaeobotanist Welmoed Out from <a href="/wiki/Moesgaard_Museum" title="Moesgaard Museum">Moesgaard Museum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Easter_Island&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies by Jared Diamond</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiamond200579–119-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDiamond200579–119_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDiamond2005">Diamond (2005)</a>, pp. 79–119.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Resemblance of the name to an early <a href="/wiki/Mangareva" title="Mangareva">Mangarevan</a> founder god <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atu_Motua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atu Motua (page does not exist)">Atu Motua</a></i> ("Father Lord") has made some historians suspect that Hotu Matua was added to Easter Island mythology only in the 1860s, along with adopting the Mangarevan language. The "real" founder would have been <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tu%27u_ko_Iho&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tu'u ko Iho (page does not exist)">Tu'u ko Iho</a></i>, who became just a supporting character in Hotu Matu'a centric legends. See Steven Fischer (1994). <i>Rapanui's Tu'u ko Iho Versus Mangareva's 'Atu Motua. Evidence for Multiple Reanalysis and Replacement in Rapanui Settlement Traditions, Easter Island.</i> The Journal of Pacific History, 29(1), 3–18. See also <i>Rapa Nui / Geography, History and Religion</i>. Peter H. Buck, Vikings of the Pacific, University of Chicago Press, 1938. pp. 228–36. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pvs.kcc.hawaii.edu/rapanui/rapa1.html">Online version</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pvs.kcc.hawaii.edu/rapanui/hotu.html">Summary of Thomas S. Barthel's version of Hotu Matu'a's arrival to Easter Island</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiamond200589-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDiamond200589_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDiamond2005">Diamond (2005)</a>, p. 89.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hunt, T. L., Lipo, C. P., 2006. <i>Science</i>, 1121879. See also <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/1121879v1">"Late Colonization of Easter Island"</a> in <i>Science Magazine</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.anthropology.hawaii.edu/projects/rapanui/hunt_lipo2006.pdf">Entire article</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080829124029/http://www.anthropology.hawaii.edu/projects/rapanui/hunt_lipo2006.pdf">Archived</a> 2008-08-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> is also hosted by the Department of Anthropology of the University of Hawaii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHunt2006" class="citation journal cs1">Hunt, Terry L. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006110649/http://www.americanscientist.org/issues/id.1002,y.2006,no.5,content.true,css.print/issue.aspx">"Rethinking the Fall of Easter Island"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/American_Scientist" title="American Scientist">American Scientist</a></i>. <b>94</b> (5 - September/October): 412–9. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27858833">27858833</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanscientist.org/issues/id.1002,y.2006,no.5,content.true,css.print/issue.aspx">the original</a> on 6 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Scientist&rft.atitle=Rethinking+the+Fall+of+Easter+Island&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=5+-+September%2FOctober&rft.pages=412-9&rft.date=2006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F27858833%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Hunt&rft.aufirst=Terry+L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanscientist.org%2Fissues%2Fid.1002%2Cy.2006%2Cno.5%2Ccontent.true%2Ccss.print%2Fissue.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Easter+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-huntlipo2011-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-huntlipo2011_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuntLipo2011" class="citation book cs1">Hunt, Terry; Lipo, Carl (2011). <i>The Statues that Walked: Unraveling the Mystery of Easter Island</i>. Free Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4391-5031-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4391-5031-3"><bdi>978-1-4391-5031-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Statues+that+Walked%3A+Unraveling+the+Mystery+of+Easter+Island&rft.pub=Free+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-4391-5031-3&rft.aulast=Hunt&rft.aufirst=Terry&rft.au=Lipo%2C+Carl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Easter+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">C. Michael Hogan (2008) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://globaltwitcher.auderis.se/artspec_information.asp?thingid=82831"><i>Chilean Wine Palm: Jubaea chilensis</i>, GlobalTwitcher.com, ed. N. Stromberg</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121017013207/http://globaltwitcher.auderis.se/artspec_information.asp?thingid=82831">Archived</a> 2012-10-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.mongabay.com/2009/0707-morgan_ciguatera.html">"Did fish poisoning drive Polynesian colonization of the Pacific?"</a>. 2009-07-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Did+fish+poisoning+drive+Polynesian+colonization+of+the+Pacific%3F&rft.date=2009-07-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.mongabay.com%2F2009%2F0707-morgan_ciguatera.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Easter+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Heyderdahl, Thor. <i>Easter Island – The Mystery Solved</i>. Random House New York 1989.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Sebastian_Englert" title="Sebastian Englert">Sebastian Englert</a>'s <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rongorongo.org/vanaga/index.html">Rapa Nui dictionary</a> with original Spanish translated to English.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rongorongo.org/leyendas/031.htm">The "Hanau Eepe", their Immigration and Extermination</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Flenley, Paul G. Bahn, The Enigmas of Easter Island: Island on the Edge, Oxford University Press, 2003, pp. 76, 154.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rongorongo-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rongorongo_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rongorongo_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rongorongo.org/cooke/712.html">"Rapa Nui – Untergang einer einmaligen Kultur"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rapa+Nui+%E2%80%93+Untergang+einer+einmaligen+Kultur&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rongorongo.org%2Fcooke%2F712.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Easter+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Van Tilburg, Jo Anne. 1994. <i>Easter Island: Archaeology, Ecology and Culture</i>. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 104464 skeletons – definitely Polynesian</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer200581,_89-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer200581,_89_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFischer2005">Fischer (2005)</a>, pp. 81, 89.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer200564-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer200564_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFischer2005">Fischer (2005)</a>, p. 64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/90682744/">"Plano de la Ya. De Sn. Carlos descubierta por Dn. Phelipe Gonzalez de Haedo, Capitan de Fragta. Y Comte. Del Navio. De S.M. Nombrado Sn. Lorenzo y Frgta. Sta. Rosalia, acuya expedición salio del Puerto del Callao de Lima el dia 10 de octubre del año de 1770 ... : Esta situada esta ya. En 27 GRS. 6 ms. De lattd. S. Y en los 264 gs. 36 ms. De longd. Segun el meridno. De Thenerife"</a> [Map of the Isle of San Carlos discovered by <a href="/wiki/Felipe_Gonz%C3%A1lez_de_Ahedo" title="Felipe González de Ahedo">Don Felipe Gonzalez de Haedo</a>... on 10 October 1770...]. <i><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a></i> (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Library+of+Congress&rft.atitle=Plano+de+la+Ya.+De+Sn.+Carlos+descubierta+por+Dn.+Phelipe+Gonzalez+de+Haedo%2C+Capitan+de+Fragta.+Y+Comte.+Del+Navio.+De+S.M.+Nombrado+Sn.+Lorenzo+y+Frgta.+Sta.+Rosalia%2C+acuya+expedici%C3%B3n+salio+del+Puerto+del+Callao+de+Lima+el+dia+10+de+octubre+del+a%C3%B1o+de+1770+...+%3A+Esta+situada+esta+ya.+En+27+GRS.+6+ms.+De+lattd.+S.+Y+en+los+264+gs.+36+ms.+De+longd.+Segun+el+meridno.+De+Thenerife&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fitem%2F90682744%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Easter+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thedaultoncollection.com/explorationarchive.html">"The Daulton Collection"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Daulton+Collection&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedaultoncollection.com%2Fexplorationarchive.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Easter+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anne-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Anne_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalmond2010" class="citation book cs1">Salmond, Anne (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/aphroditesisland00salm/page/238"><i>Aphrodite's Island</i></a>. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/aphroditesisland00salm/page/238">238</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0520261143" title="Special:BookSources/978-0520261143"><bdi>978-0520261143</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aphrodite%27s+Island&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pages=238&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0520261143&rft.aulast=Salmond&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Faphroditesisland00salm%2Fpage%2F238&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Easter+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jo Anne Van Tilburg. <i>Easter Island, Archaeology, Ecology and Culture</i>. British Museum Press, London, 1994. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7141-2504-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7141-2504-0">0-7141-2504-0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pelta2001_25-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pelta2001_25_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pelta2001_25_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPelta2001">Pelta (2001)</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rediscoveringeas00pelt/page/25">pp. 25-6</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cook1777-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cook1777_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCook1777" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">Cook, James</a> (1777). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/15777/pg15777.html"><i>A Voyage Towards the South Pole and Round the World</i></a>. Vol. 1. Book 2, Chapters 7–8<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 8,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Voyage+Towards+the+South+Pole+and+Round+the+World&rft.pages=Book+2%2C+Chapters+7-8&rft.date=1777&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Fcache%2Fepub%2F15777%2Fpg15777.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Easter+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPelta200127–8-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPelta200127–8_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPelta2001">Pelta (2001)</a>, pp. 27–8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPelta200128–9-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPelta200128–9_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPelta2001">Pelta (2001)</a>, pp. 28–9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Skeletal-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Skeletal_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFurgesonGill2016" class="citation book cs1">Furgeson, Thomas; Gill, George W (2016). Stefan, Vincent H; Gill, George W (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jaUTCwAAQBAJ&q=la+perouse+easter+island+estimate&pg=PA122"><i>Skeletal Biology of the Ancient Rapanui (Easter Islanders)</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 122. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-02366-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-02366-6"><bdi>978-1-107-02366-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Skeletal+Biology+of+the+Ancient+Rapanui+%28Easter+Islanders%29&rft.pages=122&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-107-02366-6&rft.aulast=Furgeson&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.au=Gill%2C+George+W&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjaUTCwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dla%2Bperouse%2Beaster%2Bisland%2Bestimate%26pg%3DPA122&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Easter+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmory1963" class="citation journal cs1">Emory, Kenneth P. (April 1963). "Archaeology of Easter Island: Reports of the Norwegian Archaeological Expedition to Easter Island and the East Pacific". <i>American Antiquity</i> (Review). <b>28</b> (4): 565–567. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F278580">10.2307/278580</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0002-7316">0002-7316</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/278580">278580</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Antiquity&rft.atitle=Archaeology+of+Easter+Island%3A+Reports+of+the+Norwegian+Archaeological+Expedition+to+Easter+Island+and+the+East+Pacific&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=565-567&rft.date=1963-04&rft.issn=0002-7316&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F278580%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F278580&rft.aulast=Emory&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Easter+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer2005[httpsarchiveorgdetailsislandatendofwor00stevpage86_pp._86–91]-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer2005[httpsarchiveorgdetailsislandatendofwor00stevpage86_pp._86–91]_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFischer2005">Fischer (2005)</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/islandatendofwor00stev/page/86">pp. 86–91</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer200592–103-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer200592–103_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFischer2005">Fischer (2005)</a>, pp. 92–103.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCall1994" class="citation book cs1">McCall, Grant (1994). <i>Rapanui: tradition and survival on Easter Island</i>. University of Hawaii Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8248-1641-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8248-1641-2"><bdi>0-8248-1641-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/924758424">924758424</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rapanui%3A+tradition+and+survival+on+Easter+Island&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F924758424&rft.isbn=0-8248-1641-2&rft.aulast=McCall&rft.aufirst=Grant&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Easter+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer2005-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer2005_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer2005_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFischer2005">Fischer (2005)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer2005113-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer2005113_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFischer2005">Fischer (2005)</a>, p. 113.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Routledge (1919) p. 208 put the number remaining on the island at 171.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer2005120-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer2005120_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFischer2005">Fischer (2005)</a>, p. 120.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer2005123–31-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer2005123–31_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFischer2005">Fischer (2005)</a>, pp. 123–31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer2005127,_131-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer2005127,_131_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFischer2005">Fischer (2005)</a>, pp. 127, 131.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFischer2005124-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFischer2005124_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFischer2005">Fischer (2005)</a>, p. 124.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-historia2010-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-historia2010_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-historia2010_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-historia2010_39-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCorporación_Defensa_de_la_Soberanía2010" class="citation web cs1">Corporación Defensa de la Soberanía (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://issuu.com/soberania/docs/rch-enc-012">"Historia de la Isla de Pascua: Su incorporación y su conflicto con la Williamson & Balfour. Daños patrimoniales, pretensiones internacionales e independentismos"</a>. <i>issuu</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=issuu&rft.atitle=Historia+de+la+Isla+de+Pascua%3A+Su+incorporaci%C3%B3n+y+su+conflicto+con+la+Williamson+%26+Balfour.+Da%C3%B1os+patrimoniales%2C+pretensiones+internacionales+e+independentismos&rft.date=2010&rft.au=Corporaci%C3%B3n+Defensa+de+la+Soberan%C3%ADa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fissuu.com%2Fsoberania%2Fdocs%2Frch-enc-012&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Easter+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Marcos Moncada Astudillo in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.revistamarina.cl/revistas/2008/1/moncada.pdf">La tradición naval respecto del primer buque chileno en Isla de Pascua</a>, retrieved on 5 January 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Moncada2002-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Moncada2002_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Moncada2002_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Moncada2002_41-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Moncada2002_41-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Moncada2002_41-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarcos_Moncada_Astudillo2002" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Marcos Moncada Astudillo (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://revistamarina.cl/revistas/2002/6/moncada.pdf">"Monseñor Rafael Edwards Salas. Isla de Pascua y la Armada Nacional"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Spanish). Revista Marina<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Monse%C3%B1or+Rafael+Edwards+Salas.+Isla+de+Pascua+y+la+Armada+Nacional.&rft.pub=Revista+Marina&rft.date=2002&rft.au=Marcos+Moncada+Astudillo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frevistamarina.cl%2Frevistas%2F2002%2F6%2Fmoncada.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Easter+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarisol_Hitorangi2023" class="citation web cs1">Marisol Hitorangi (18 June 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.culturalsurvival.org/news/fighting-survival-easter-island">"Fighting for Survival on Easter Island"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fighting+for+Survival+on+Easter+Island&rft.date=2023-06-18&rft.au=Marisol+Hitorangi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.culturalsurvival.org%2Fnews%2Ffighting-survival-easter-island&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Easter+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTilburg1994" class="citation book cs1">Tilburg, JoAnne Van (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rLEWAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA16"><i>Easter Island: Archaeology, Ecology and Culture</i></a>. Smithsonion Institution Press. p. 16. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56098-510-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56098-510-5"><bdi>978-1-56098-510-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Easter+Island%3A+Archaeology%2C+Ecology+and+Culture&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=Smithsonion+Institution+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-1-56098-510-5&rft.aulast=Tilburg&rft.aufirst=JoAnne+Van&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrLEWAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Easter+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoutledge1919" class="citation book cs1">Routledge, Katherine (1919). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=36yi7JgoBY8C&pg=PA151"><i>The Mystery of Easter Island</i></a>. Cosimo. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59605-588-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59605-588-9"><bdi>978-1-59605-588-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mystery+of+Easter+Island&rft.pub=Cosimo&rft.date=1919&rft.isbn=978-1-59605-588-9&rft.aulast=Routledge&rft.aufirst=Katherine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D36yi7JgoBY8C%26pg%3DPA151&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Easter+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoutledge1919" class="citation book cs1">Routledge, Katherine (1919). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tkHNmeZKkXQC&pg=PA159"><i>The Mystery of Easter Island</i></a>. Cosimo. p. 159. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60206-698-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60206-698-4"><bdi>978-1-60206-698-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mystery+of+Easter+Island&rft.pages=159&rft.pub=Cosimo&rft.date=1919&rft.isbn=978-1-60206-698-4&rft.aulast=Routledge&rft.aufirst=Katherine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtkHNmeZKkXQC%26pg%3DPA159&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Easter+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FoersterAlvear2015-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FoersterAlvear2015_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FoersterAlvear2015_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoersterAlvear2015" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Foerster, Rolf; Alvear, Alejandra (2015). <i>El Obispo Edwards en Rapa Nui. 1910-1938</i> (in Spanish). Rapa Nui Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9569337079" title="Special:BookSources/978-9569337079"><bdi>978-9569337079</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=El+Obispo+Edwards+en+Rapa+Nui.+1910-1938&rft.pub=Rapa+Nui+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-9569337079&rft.aulast=Foerster&rft.aufirst=Rolf&rft.au=Alvear%2C+Alejandra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Easter+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120204063228/http://www.netaxs.com/~trance/annex.html">"Annexation by Chile"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.netaxs.com/~trance/annex.html">the original</a> on 2012-02-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Annexation+by+Chile&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.netaxs.com%2F~trance%2Fannex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Easter+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDiamond2005112-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDiamond2005112_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDiamond2005112_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDiamond2005">Diamond (2005)</a>, p. 112.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatricia_Stambuk" class="citation book cs1">Patricia Stambuk. <i>Iorana & Goodbye</i>. Pehuén.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Iorana+%26+Goodbye&rft.pub=Pehu%C3%A9n&rft.au=Patricia+Stambuk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Easter+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.24horas.cl/nacional/la-desconocida-historia-de-la-base-gringa-albergada-en-isla-de-pascua-2132317">La desconocida historia de la base "gringa" albergada en Isla de Pascua</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lewis, Raymond J. (1994) "Review of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ojs.lib.byu.edu/spc/index.php/CCR/article/viewFile/12655/12527"><i>Rapanui; Tradition and Survival on Easter Island</i></a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Délano, Manuel (17 August 1987) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elpais.com/diario/1987/08/17/internacional/556149618_850215.html">Pinochet no asiste a la inauguración de la pista de la isla de Pascua</a>. <i>El Pais</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chilean_Law_20,193-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chilean_Law_20,193_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bcn.cl/leyes/pdf/original/263040.pdf">Chilean Law 20,193</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110221210139/http://www.leychile.cl/Navegar?idNorma=263040&tipoVersion=0">Archived</a> 2011-02-21 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_Chile" title="National Congress of Chile">National Congress of Chile</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna38166769">"Eclipse fever focuses on remote Easter Island"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-01-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HeritageDaily+%E2%80%93+Archaeology+News&rft.atitle=New+Findings+About+Prehistoric+Easter+Island&rft.date=2020-12-30&rft.au=HeritageDaily&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritagedaily.com%2F2020%2F12%2Fnew-findings-about-prehistoric-easter-island%2F136619&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Easter+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Easter_Island&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiamond2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jared_Diamond" title="Jared Diamond">Diamond, Jared</a> (2005). "Twilight at Easter". <i><a href="/wiki/Collapse:_How_Societies_Choose_to_Fail_or_Succeed" title="Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed">Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed</a></i>. Penguin Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-303655-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-303655-6"><bdi>0-14-303655-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Twilight+at+Easter&rft.btitle=Collapse%3A+How+Societies+Choose+to+Fail+or+Succeed&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-14-303655-6&rft.aulast=Diamond&rft.aufirst=Jared&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Easter+Island" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFischer2005" class="citation book cs1">Fischer, Steven (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/islandatendofwor00stev/page/86"><i>Island at the End of the World</i></a>. London: Reaktion Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1861892829" title="Special:BookSources/978-1861892829"><bdi>978-1861892829</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Island+at+the+End+of+the+World&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Reaktion+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1861892829&rft.aulast=Fischer&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fislandatendofwor00stev%2Fpage%2F86&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Easter+Island" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPelta2001" class="citation book cs1">Pelta, Kathy (2001). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rediscoveringeas00pelt"><i>Rediscovering Easter Island</i></a></span>. Minneapolis: Lerner Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8225-4890-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8225-4890-4"><bdi>978-0-8225-4890-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2016</span>. <q>james cook easter island.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rediscovering+Easter+Island&rft.place=Minneapolis&rft.pub=Lerner+Publications&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-8225-4890-4&rft.aulast=Pelta&rft.aufirst=Kathy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frediscoveringeas00pelt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Easter+Island" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Easter_Island&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:History_of_Easter_Island" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:History of Easter Island">History of Easter Island</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/16px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/24px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/32px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Easter_Island#Q2386192" class="extiw" title="voy:Easter Island">Easter Island</a> travel guide from Wikivoyage</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bradshawfoundation.com/easter/index.php">Easter Island – The Statues and Rock Art of Rapa Nui</a> – Bradshaw Foundation / Dr Georgia Lee</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chileculture.org/easter-island/">Chile Cultural Society – Easter Island</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140630182423/http://archive.cyark.org/rapa-nui-intro">Rapa Nui Digital Media Archive</a> – <a href="/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons">Creative Commons</a> – licensed photos, laser scans, panoramas, focused in the area around Rano Raraku and Ahu Te Pito Kura with data from an Autodesk/<a href="/wiki/CyArk" title="CyArk">CyArk</a> research partnership</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://video.pbs.org/video/2299677471">Mystery of Easter Island</a> – PBS Nova program</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rapanui.org.uk/">Description of island and discussion of dating controversies</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170610223823/http://www.rapanui.org.uk/">Archived</a> 2017-06-10 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation episode cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130615050106/http://travelscope.net/episodes/view/easter_island/">"Easter Island – Mysteries & Myths"</a>. <i>Joseph Rosendo’s Travelscope</i>. 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://travelscope.net/episodes/view/easter_island/">the original</a> on 15 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Joseph+Rosendo%E2%80%99s+Travelscope&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftravelscope.net%2Fepisodes%2Fview%2Feaster_island%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Easter+Island" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43735687">"From Genocide to Ecocide: the Rape of <i>Rapa Nui</i> "</a> — Benny Peiser. <i>Energy & Environment</i> 16, no. 3/4 (2005): 513–39. Accessed March 8, 2021.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output 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language">Language</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Easter_Island" title="Music of Easter Island">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapa_Nui_mythology" title="Rapa Nui mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rongorongo" title="Rongorongo">Rongorongo glyphs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangata_manu" title="Tangata manu">Tangata manu</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em">Stone work</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moai" title="Moai">Moai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pukao" title="Pukao">Pukao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em">Archaeological sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahu_Akivi" title="Ahu Akivi">Ahu Akivi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahu_Tongariki" title="Ahu Tongariki">Ahu Tongariki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahu_Vinapu" title="Ahu Vinapu">Ahu Vinapu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anakena" title="Anakena">Anakena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orongo" title="Orongo">Orongo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puna_Pau" title="Puna Pau">Puna Pau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rano_Raraku" title="Rano Raraku">Rano Raraku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapa_Nui_National_Park" title="Rapa Nui National Park">Rapa Nui National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahai" title="Tahai">Tahai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Rapa_Nui,_Chile.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Rapa_Nui%2C_Chile.svg/120px-Flag_of_Rapa_Nui%2C_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Rapa_Nui%2C_Chile.svg/180px-Flag_of_Rapa_Nui%2C_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Flag_of_Rapa_Nui%2C_Chile.svg/240px-Flag_of_Rapa_Nui%2C_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geography and <a href="/wiki/Easter_Island#Geology" title="Easter Island">geology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anakena" title="Anakena">Anakena </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Fracture_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Easter Fracture Zone">Easter Fracture Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_hotspot" title="Easter hotspot">Easter hotspot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Microplate" class="mw-redirect" title="Easter Microplate">Easter Microplate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moai_(seamount)" title="Moai (seamount)">Moai Seamount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pukao_(seamount)" title="Pukao (seamount)">Pukao Seamount</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Administration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isla_de_Pascua_(commune)" title="Isla de Pascua (commune)">Commune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isla_de_Pascua_Province" title="Isla de Pascua Province">Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isla_de_Pascua_Department" title="Isla de Pascua Department">Department</a> <i>(historical)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Easter_Island" title="Category:Easter Island">Category</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Polynesia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Polynesia" title="Template:Polynesia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Polynesia" title="Template talk:Polynesia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Polynesia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Polynesia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Polynesia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Polynesia" title="Polynesia">Polynesia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_Triangle" title="Polynesian Triangle">Polynesian triangle</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Island" title="Easter Island">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austral_Islands" title="Austral Islands">Austral Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambier_Islands" title="Gambier Islands">Gambier Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquesas_Islands" title="Marquesas Islands">Marquesas Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_Islands" title="Society Islands">Society Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuamotus" title="Tuamotus">Tuamotus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_Islands" title="Hawaiian Islands">Hawaiian Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Island" title="Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotuma" title="Rotuma">Rotuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isla_Salas_y_G%C3%B3mez" title="Isla Salas y Gómez">Salas y Gómez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_Islands" title="Samoan Islands">Samoan Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokelau" title="Tokelau">Tokelau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallis_and_Futuna" title="Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_outlier" title="Polynesian outlier">Polynesian outliers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aniwa_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Aniwa Island">Aniwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anuta" title="Anuta">Anuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellona_Island" title="Bellona Island">Bellona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duff_Islands" title="Duff Islands">Duff Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emae" title="Emae">Emae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futuna_Island,_Vanuatu" title="Futuna Island, Vanuatu">Futuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapingamarangi" title="Kapingamarangi">Kapingamarangi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mele_(island)" title="Mele (island)">Mele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuguria" title="Nuguria">Nuguria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nukumanu_Islands" title="Nukumanu Islands">Nukumanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nukuoro" title="Nukuoro">Nukuoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontong_Java_Atoll" title="Ontong Java Atoll">Ontong Java</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouv%C3%A9a" title="Ouvéa">Ouvéa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pileni" title="Pileni">Pileni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rennell_Island" title="Rennell Island">Rennell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikaiana" title="Sikaiana">Sikaiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takuu_Atoll" title="Takuu Atoll">Takuu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tikopia" title="Tikopia">Tikopia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Polynesian-influenced</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lau_Islands" title="Lau Islands">Lau Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Culture_of_indigenous_Oceania" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Culture_of_Oceania" title="Template:Culture of Oceania"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Culture_of_Oceania" title="Template talk:Culture of Oceania"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Culture_of_Oceania" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Culture of Oceania"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Culture_of_indigenous_Oceania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indigenous_peoples#Oceania" title="List of Indigenous peoples">Culture of indigenous Oceania</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>List of resources about traditional arts and culture of Oceania</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oceanian_art" title="Oceanian art">Art</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Island#Ahu" title="Easter Island">Ahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australian_art" title="Indigenous Australian art">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples#Arts" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapa" title="Kapa">kapa (Hawaiʻi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lei_(garland)" title="Lei (garland)">Lei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magimagi" title="Magimagi">magimagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moai" title="Moai">moai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_art" title="New Zealand art">New Zealand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:M%C4%81ori_art" title="Category:Māori art">Māori</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nguzu_nguzu" title="Nguzu nguzu">nguzu nguzu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanian_art" title="Oceanian art">Oceania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinean_art" title="Papua New Guinean art">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reimiro" title="Reimiro">reimiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C4%81_moko" title="Tā moko">tā moko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabua" title="Tabua">tabua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%CA%BBovala" title="Taʻovala">taʻovala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapa_cloth" title="Tapa cloth">tapa ["masi" (Fiji), "ngatu" (Tonga), "siapo" (Sāmoa), " ʻuha" (Rotuma)]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tattoo" title="Tattoo">tattoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C4%93fui" title="Tēfui">tēfui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tivaevae" title="Tivaevae">tivaevae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Broad culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Areca_nut" title="Areca nut">areca nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kava" title="Kava">"yaqona" (Fiji), or "sakau" (Pohnpei)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kava_culture" title="Kava culture">Kava culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapita_culture" title="Lapita culture">Lapita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_culture" title="Māori culture">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_culture" title="Polynesian culture">Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoa_%27ava_ceremony" class="mw-redirect" title="Samoa 'ava ceremony">Sāmoa 'ava ceremony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_wood_carving#Aboriginal" title="History of wood carving">Wood carving</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geo-specific,<br />general</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australians#Culture" title="Indigenous Australians">Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_astronomy" title="Australian Aboriginal astronomy">Australian Aboriginal astronomy</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples#Culture" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Islands#People_and_culture" title="Caroline Islands">Caroline Islands</a>, <i>-<a href="/wiki/Pwo" title="Pwo">Pwo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moriori#Revival_of_culture" title="Moriori">Chatham Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands#Culture" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Island#Culture" title="Easter Island">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Fiji" title="Culture of Fiji">Fiji</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Lau_Islands#Culture_and_economy" title="Lau Islands">Lau Islands</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fijian_traditions_and_ceremonies" title="Fijian traditions and ceremonies">traditions and ceremonies</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guam#Culture" title="Guam">Guam</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Lomilomi_massage" title="Lomilomi massage">Lomilomi massage</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Kiribati" title="Culture of Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Marquesas_Islands" title="Culture of the Marquesas Islands">French Polynesia's Marquesas Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia#Culture" title="Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Nauru" title="Culture of Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia#Culture" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_New_Zealand" title="Culture of New Zealand">New Zealand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_culture" title="Māori culture">Māori</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niue#Culture" title="Niue">Niue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Island#Culture" title="Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palau#Culture" title="Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Culture of Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands#Culture_and_religion" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Samoan culture">Sāmoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Solomon_Islands" title="Culture of the Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Tonga" title="Culture of Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torres_Strait_Islanders#Culture" title="Torres Strait Islanders">Torres Strait Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvalu#Culture" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Vanuatu" title="Culture of Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallis_and_Futuna#Culture" title="Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_navigation" title="Polynesian navigation">Polynesian Navigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronesian_navigation" title="Micronesian navigation">Micronesian Navigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshallese_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Marshallese culture">Marshall Islands</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands_stick_chart" title="Marshall Islands stick chart">Stick charts of</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yap#Culture" title="Yap">Yap</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Yap#Navigation_(sailing)" title="Yap">navigation</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Weriyeng" title="Weriyeng">Weriyeng navigation school</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Canoes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_dugout_canoe" title="Aboriginal dugout canoe">Aboriginal dugout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alingano_Maisu" title="Alingano Maisu">Alingano Maisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balangay" title="Balangay">Bangka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drua" title="Drua">Drua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dugout_(boat)#Pacific_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Dugout (boat)">Dugout (boat)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dk%C5%ABle%CA%BBa" title="Hōkūleʻa">Hōkūleʻa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaep" title="Kaep">Kaep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karakoa" title="Karakoa">Karakoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_migration_canoes" title="Māori migration canoes">Māori migration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outrigger_canoe" class="mw-redirect" title="Outrigger canoe">Outrigger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paopao_(canoe)" title="Paopao (canoe)"> Paopao (Tuvalu)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraw" title="Paraw">Paraw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canoe_sailing#Polynesian_sailing_canoes" title="Canoe sailing">Polynesian sailing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proa" title="Proa">Proa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinta" title="Vinta">Vinta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waka_(canoe)" title="Waka (canoe)">Waka</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_M%C4%81ori_waka" title="List of Māori waka">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walap" title="Walap">Walap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BBAparima" title="ʻAparima">ʻAparima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cibi" title="Cibi">cibi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fara_(Rotuman_festivity)" title="Fara (Rotuman festivity)">fara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_performance" title="Fire performance">fire dancing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firewalking" title="Firewalking">firewalking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haka" title="Haka">haka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hivinau" title="Hivinau">hivinau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hula" title="Hula">hula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kailao" title="Kailao">kailao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapa_haka" title="Kapa haka">kapa haka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Kiribati" title="Dance in Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meke" title="Meke">meke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27ote%27a" title="'ote'a">'ote'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pa%27o%27a" class="mw-redirect" title="Pa'o'a">pa'o'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poi_(performance_art)" title="Poi (performance art)">poi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Rotuma" title="Dance in Rotuma">Rotuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_culture#Dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Samoan culture">siva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dances_of_Tahiti" title="Category:Dances of Tahiti">Tahiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamure" title="Tamure">tāmūrē</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tautoga" title="Tautoga">tautoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dances_of_Tonga" title="Category:Dances of Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tuvalu" title="Music of Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27upa%27upa" title="'upa'upa">'upa'upa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Festivals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Australia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garma_Festival_of_Traditional_Cultures" title="Garma Festival of Traditional Cultures">Garma Festival</a></li></ul></li> <li>Hawaiʻi <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aloha_Festivals" title="Aloha Festivals">Aloha Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merrie_Monarch_Festival" title="Merrie Monarch Festival">Merrie Monarch Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Invitational_Hula_Festival" title="World Invitational Hula Festival">World Invitational Hula Festival</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_festivals_in_Fiji" title="List of festivals in Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li>New Zealand <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pasifika_Festival" title="Pasifika Festival">Pasifika Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Te_Matatini" title="Te Matatini">Te Matatini</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Community" title="Pacific Community">Pacific Community</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Festival_of_Pacific_Arts" title="Festival of Pacific Arts">Festival of Pacific Arts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Festivals_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Category:Festivals in Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oceanic_languages" title="Oceanic languages">Languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">by area</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Template:Oceania topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Oceania_topic" title="Template talk:Oceania topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_Oceania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Oceania" title="Languages of Oceania">Languages of Oceania </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Australia" title="Languages of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of the Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Fiji" title="Languages of Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Kiribati" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Marshall_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of the Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Nauru" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_New_Zealand" title="Languages of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Palau" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Languages of Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Samoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Solomon_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Tonga" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Tuvalu" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Vanuatu" title="Languages of Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associated states<br />of New Zealand</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Cook_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Niue" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Niue">Niue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies<br />and other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_American_Samoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Christmas_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Easter_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Easter Island">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_French_Polynesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Guam" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_New_Caledonia" title="Languages of New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Norfolk_Island" title="Languages of Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of the Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of the Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Tokelau" title="Languages of Tokelau">Tokelau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Wallis_and_Futuna" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">by category</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Category:Languages_of_Oceania" title="Category:Languages of Oceania">Languages of Oceania</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oceanian_literature" title="Oceanian literature">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Template:Oceania topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Oceania_topic" title="Template talk:Oceania topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Literature_of_Oceania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Oceania" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Oceania">Literature of Oceania </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of the Federated States of Micronesia (page does not exist)">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Fiji" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Kiribati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Kiribati (page does not exist)">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_the_Marshall_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of the Marshall Islands (page does not exist)">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Nauru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Nauru (page does not exist)">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Palau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Palau (page does not exist)">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Papua_New_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Samoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Solomon_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Solomon Islands (page does not exist)">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Tonga" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Tuvalu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Tuvalu (page does not exist)">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Vanuatu" title="Literature of Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associated states<br />of New Zealand</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_the_Cook_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Niue" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Niue">Niue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies<br />and other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_American_Samoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of American Samoa (page does not exist)">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Christmas_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Christmas Island (page does not exist)">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (page does not exist)">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Easter_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Easter Island (page does not exist)">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_French_Polynesia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of French Polynesia (page does not exist)">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Guam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Guam (page does not exist)">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_New_Caledonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Norfolk_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Norfolk Island (page does not exist)">Norfolk Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of the Northern Mariana Islands (page does not exist)">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of the Pitcairn Islands (page does not exist)">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Tokelau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Tokelau (page does not exist)">Tokelau</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Literature_of_Wallis_and_Futuna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Literature of Wallis and Futuna (page does not exist)">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Austral_Islands" title="Music of the Austral Islands">Austral Islands (French Polynesia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_music_of_Australia" title="Indigenous music of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples#Music" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Cook_Islands" title="Music of the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Easter_Island" title="Music of Easter Island">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Fiji" title="Music of Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Guam" title="Music of Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Kiribati" title="Music of Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lali_(drum)" title="Lali (drum)">Lali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Melanesia" title="Music of Melanesia">Melanesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Micronesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of Micronesia">Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Music of the Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Nauru" title="Music of Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_New_Caledonia" title="Music of New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_New_Zealand" title="Music of New Zealand">New Zealand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_music" title="Māori music">Māori</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Niue" title="Music of Niue">Niue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Music of the Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Palau" title="Music of Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Music of Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Polynesia" title="Music of Polynesia">Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Samoa" title="Music of Samoa">Sāmoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slit_drum" title="Slit drum">Slit drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Solomon_Islands" title="Music of Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tahiti" title="Music of Tahiti">Tahiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tokelau" title="Music of Tokelau">Tokelau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tonga" title="Music of Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Tuvalu" title="Music of Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Vanuatu" title="Music of Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Polynesia" title="Music of Polynesia">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mythology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Aboriginal mythology">Australian Aboriginal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fijian_mythology" title="Category:Fijian mythology">Fijian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangarevan_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Mangarevan mythology">Mangarevan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahiti_and_Society_Islands_mythology" title="Tahiti and Society Islands mythology">Maohi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_mythology" title="Māori mythology">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanesian_mythology" title="Melanesian mythology">Melanesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menehune" title="Menehune">Menehune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronesian_mythology" title="Micronesian mythology">Micronesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Oceanian_legendary_creatures" title="Category:Oceanian legendary creatures">Oceanian legendary creatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_mythology" title="Polynesian mythology">Polynesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapa_Nui_mythology" title="Rapa Nui mythology">Rapa Nui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_mythology" title="Samoan mythology">Samoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvaluan_mythology" title="Tuvaluan mythology">Tuvaluan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Vanuatu_mythology" title="Category:Vanuatu mythology">Vanuatuan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Research</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_American_and_Pacific_Islander_Policy_Research_Consortium" title="Asian American and Pacific Islander Policy Research Consortium">Asian American and Pacific Islander Policy Research Consortium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Institute_of_Aboriginal_and_Torres_Strait_Islander_Studies" title="Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies">Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australians" title="Indigenous Australians">Indigenous Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sama-Bajau" title="Sama-Bajau">Sama-Bajau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamorro_people" title="Chamorro people">Chamorro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moriori" title="Moriori">Chatham Islander (Moriori <em>or</em> Rekohu)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fijians" title="Fijians">Fijian (iTaukei)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_Hawaiians" title="Native Hawaiians">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilocano_people" title="Ilocano people">Ilocano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igorot" class="mw-redirect" title="Igorot">Igorot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivatan_people" title="Ivatan people">Ivatans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumad" title="Lumad">Lumad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Marshall_Islands" title="Demographics of the Marshall Islands">Marshallese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanesians" title="Melanesians">Melanesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronesians" title="Micronesians">Micronesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negrito" title="Negrito">Negrito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Islanders" title="Norfolk Islanders">Norfolk Islander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_people_of_New_Guinea" title="Indigenous people of New Guinea">Papuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesians" title="Polynesians">Polynesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maohi" title="Maohi">Indigenous Polynesian (Mā’ohi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapa_Nui_people" title="Rapa Nui people">Rapa Nui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotumans" title="Rotumans">Rotuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoans" title="Samoans">Samoan (Tagata Māo‘i)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagalog_people" title="Tagalog people">Tagalog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahitians" title="Tahitians">Tahitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_aborigines" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwanese aborigines">Taiwanese aborigines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokelauans" title="Tokelauans">Tokelauan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongans" title="Tongans">Tongan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torres_Strait_Islanders" title="Torres Strait Islanders">Torres Strait Islander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visayans" title="Visayans">Visayans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yami_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Yami people">Yami</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Template:Oceania topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Oceania_topic" title="Template talk:Oceania topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Oceania topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Religion_in_Oceania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Oceania" title="Religion in Oceania">Religion in Oceania </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Australia" title="Religion in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Religion in the Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Fiji" title="Religion in Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kiribati" title="Religion in Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Marshall_Islands" title="Religion in the Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Nauru" title="Religion in Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_New_Zealand" title="Religion in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Palau" title="Religion in Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Religion in Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Samoa" title="Religion in Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Solomon_Islands" title="Religion in Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tonga" title="Religion in Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tuvalu" title="Religion in Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Vanuatu" title="Religion in Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associated states<br />of New Zealand</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Cook_Islands" title="Religion in the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Niue" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Niue">Niue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies<br />and other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_American_Samoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Christmas_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Religion in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (page does not exist)">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Easter_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Religion in Easter Island (page does not exist)">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_French_Polynesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Guam" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_New_Caledonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Norfolk_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in the Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Pitcairn_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in the Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tokelau" title="Religion in Tokelau">Tokelau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Wallis_and_Futuna" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>For other topics including Oceanian <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Oceania" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of Oceania">cinema</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shell_money_in_Oceania" class="mw-redirect" title="Shell money in Oceania">indigenous currency</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Oceanian_clothing" title="Category:History of Oceanian clothing">dress</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Oceanian_folklore" title="Category:Oceanian folklore">folklore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Category:Oceanian_cuisine" title="Category:Oceanian cuisine">cuisine</a>, see <a href="/wiki/Category:Culture_of_Oceania" title="Category:Culture of Oceania">Category:Culture of Oceania</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Provinces_of_Chile" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Provinces_of_Chile" title="Template:Provinces of Chile"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Provinces_of_Chile" title="Template talk:Provinces of Chile"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Provinces_of_Chile" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Provinces of Chile"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Provinces_of_Chile" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Chile" title="Provinces of Chile">Provinces of Chile</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ays%C3%A9n_Province" title="Aysén Province">Aysén</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%A1rtica_Chilena" class="mw-redirect" title="Antártica Chilena">Antártica Chilena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antofagasta_Province" title="Antofagasta Province">Antofagasta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arauco_Province" title="Arauco Province">Arauco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arica_Province" title="Arica Province">Arica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%ADo_B%C3%ADo_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Bío Bío Province">Bío Bío</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cachapoal_Province" title="Cachapoal Province">Cachapoal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capit%C3%A1n_Prat_Province" title="Capitán Prat Province">Capitán Prat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardenal_Caro_Province" title="Cardenal Caro Province">Cardenal Caro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cauquenes_Province" title="Cauquenes Province">Cauquenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caut%C3%ADn_Province" title="Cautín Province">Cautín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chacabuco_Province" title="Chacabuco Province">Chacabuco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cha%C3%B1aral_Province" title="Chañaral Province">Chañaral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilo%C3%A9_Province" title="Chiloé Province">Chiloé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choapa_Province" title="Choapa Province">Choapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coyhaique_Province" title="Coyhaique Province">Coyhaique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colchagua_Province" title="Colchagua Province">Colchagua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concepci%C3%B3n_Province,_Chile" title="Concepción Province, Chile">Concepción</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copiap%C3%B3_Province" title="Copiapó Province">Copiapó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cordillera_Province,_Chile" title="Cordillera Province, Chile">Cordillera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curic%C3%B3_Province" title="Curicó Province">Curicó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diguill%C3%ADn" title="Diguillín">Diguillín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Loa" title="El Loa">El Loa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Ranco" title="El Ranco">El Ranco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elqui_Province" title="Elqui Province">Elqui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Carrera_Province" title="General Carrera Province">General Carrera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huasco_Province" title="Huasco Province">Huasco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iquique_Province" title="Iquique Province">Iquique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itata_Province" title="Itata Province">Itata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isla_de_Pascua_Province" title="Isla de Pascua Province">Isla de Pascua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limar%C3%AD_Province" title="Limarí Province">Limarí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linares_Province" title="Linares Province">Linares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanquihue_Province" title="Llanquihue Province">Llanquihue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Andes_Province,_Chile" title="Los Andes Province, Chile">Los Andes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magallanes_Province" title="Magallanes Province">Magallanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maipo_Province" title="Maipo Province">Maipo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malleco_Province" title="Malleco Province">Malleco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marga_Marga_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Marga Marga Province">Marga Marga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melipilla_Province" title="Melipilla Province">Melipilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osorno_Province" title="Osorno Province">Osorno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palena_Province" title="Palena Province">Palena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parinacota_Province" title="Parinacota Province">Parinacota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petorca_Province" title="Petorca Province">Petorca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punilla" title="Punilla">Punilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quillota_Province" title="Quillota Province">Quillota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Antonio_Province" title="San Antonio Province">San Antonio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Felipe_de_Aconcagua" title="San Felipe de Aconcagua">San Felipe de Aconcagua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santiago_Province,_Chile" title="Santiago Province, Chile">Santiago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talagante_Province" title="Talagante Province">Talagante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talca_Province" title="Talca Province">Talca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamarugal_Province" title="Tamarugal Province">Tamarugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tierra_del_Fuego_Province,_Chile" title="Tierra del Fuego Province, Chile">Tierra del Fuego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tocopilla_Province" title="Tocopilla Province">Tocopilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Altima_Esperanza_Province" title="Última Esperanza Province">Última Esperanza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valdivia_Province" title="Valdivia Province">Valdivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso_Province" title="Valparaíso Province">Valparaíso</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Communes_in_Valpara%C3%ADso_Region" title="Template:Communes in Valparaíso Region"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Communes_in_Valpara%C3%ADso_Region" title="Template talk:Communes in Valparaíso Region"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Communes_in_Valpara%C3%ADso_Region" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Communes in Valparaíso Region"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Coquimbo_Region" title="Coquimbo Region"><</a> Communes and municipalities in <a href="/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso_Region" title="Valparaíso Region">Valparaíso Region</a> <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Metropolitan_Region" title="Santiago Metropolitan Region">></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Petorca_Province" title="Petorca Province">Petorca</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabildo,_Chile" title="Cabildo, Chile">Cabildo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Ligua" title="La Ligua">La Ligua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papudo" title="Papudo">Papudo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petorca" title="Petorca">Petorca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapallar" title="Zapallar">Zapallar</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mapa_loc_Valpara%C3%ADso.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Mapa_loc_Valpara%C3%ADso.svg/90px-Mapa_loc_Valpara%C3%ADso.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Mapa_loc_Valpara%C3%ADso.svg/135px-Mapa_loc_Valpara%C3%ADso.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Mapa_loc_Valpara%C3%ADso.svg/180px-Mapa_loc_Valpara%C3%ADso.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Los_Andes_Province,_Chile" title="Los Andes Province, Chile">Los Andes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calle_Larga" title="Calle Larga">Calle Larga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Andes,_Chile" title="Los Andes, Chile">Los Andes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rinconada" title="Rinconada">Rinconada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Esteban,_Chile" title="San Esteban, Chile">San Esteban</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/San_Felipe_de_Aconcagua_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="San Felipe de Aconcagua Province">San Felipe de Aconcagua</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catemu" title="Catemu">Catemu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llay-Llay" title="Llay-Llay">Llay-Llay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panquehue" title="Panquehue">Panquehue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putaendo" title="Putaendo">Putaendo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Felipe,_Chile" title="San Felipe, Chile">San Felipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Mar%C3%ADa,_Chile" title="Santa María, Chile">Santa María</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Quillota_Province" title="Quillota Province">Quillota</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hijuelas" title="Hijuelas">Hijuelas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Calera,_Chile" title="La Calera, Chile">La Calera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Cruz,_Chile" title="La Cruz, Chile">La Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nogales,_Chile" title="Nogales, Chile">Nogales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quillota" title="Quillota">Quillota</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso_Province" title="Valparaíso Province">Valparaíso</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casablanca,_Chile" title="Casablanca, Chile">Casablanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conc%C3%B3n" title="Concón">Concón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Fern%C3%A1ndez_Islands" title="Juan Fernández Islands">Juan Fernández</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puchuncav%C3%AD" title="Puchuncaví">Puchuncaví</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quintero" title="Quintero">Quintero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valpara%C3%ADso" title="Valparaíso">Valparaíso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vi%C3%B1a_del_Mar" title="Viña del Mar">Viña del Mar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/San_Antonio_Province" title="San Antonio Province">San Antonio</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algarrobo,_Chile" title="Algarrobo, Chile">Algarrobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartagena,_Chile" title="Cartagena, Chile">Cartagena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Quisco" title="El Quisco">El Quisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Tabo" title="El Tabo">El Tabo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Antonio,_Chile" title="San Antonio, Chile">San Antonio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santo_Domingo,_Chile" title="Santo Domingo, Chile">Santo Domingo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Isla_de_Pascua_Province" title="Isla de Pascua Province">Isla de Pascua</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isla_de_Pascua_(commune)" title="Isla de Pascua (commune)">Isla de Pascua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Marga_Marga_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Marga Marga Province">Marga Marga</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Limache" title="Limache">Limache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olmu%C3%A9" title="Olmué">Olmué</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quilpu%C3%A9" title="Quilpué">Quilpué</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Alemana" title="Villa Alemana">Villa Alemana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_and_territories_of_Oceania" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Countries_and_territories_of_Oceania" title="Template:Countries and territories of Oceania"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Countries_and_territories_of_Oceania" title="Template talk:Countries and territories of Oceania"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li 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href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Entire</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Federated States of Micronesia">Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">In part</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Island" title="Easter Island">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Fern%C3%A1ndez_Islands" title="Juan Fernández Islands">Juan Fernández Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gal%C3%A1pagos_Islands" title="Galápagos Islands">Galápagos Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Papua" title="Central Papua">Central Papua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_Papua" title="Highland Papua">Highland Papua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_(province)" title="Papua (province)">Papua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Papua" title="South Papua">South Papua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Papua" title="Southwest Papua">Southwest Papua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Papua_(province)" title="West Papua (province)">West Papua</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_Atoll" title="Palmyra Atoll">Palmyra Atoll</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Associated_state" title="Associated state">Associated states</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other <a href="/wiki/Territory#Overseas_territory" title="Territory">territories</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashmore_and_Cartier_Islands" title="Ashmore and Cartier Islands">Ashmore and Cartier Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Island" title="Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral_Sea_Islands" title="Coral Sea Islands">Coral Sea Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Island" title="Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clipperton_Island" title="Clipperton Island">Clipperton Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallis_and_Futuna" title="Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tokelau" title="Tokelau">Tokelau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baker_Island" title="Baker Island">Baker Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howland_Island" title="Howland Island">Howland Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarvis_Island" title="Jarvis Island">Jarvis Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnston_Atoll" title="Johnston Atoll">Johnston Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingman_Reef" title="Kingman Reef">Kingman Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midway_Atoll" title="Midway Atoll">Midway Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wake_Island" title="Wake Island">Wake Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_France" title="Overseas France">Overseas France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_collectivity" title="Overseas collectivity">Overseas collectivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_country_of_France" title="Overseas country of France">Overseas country of France</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Realm_of_New_Zealand" title="Realm of New Zealand">Realm of New Zealand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_the_Cook_Islands_and_Niue" title="Political status of the Cook Islands and Niue">Political status of the Cook 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