Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage - Energy System

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class="g-nav" data-behavior="nav"> <li class="g-nav__item"> <a href="/energy-system" aria-controls="navigation-1" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" data-nav-link>Energy system <span class="g-nav__item-chevron"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-down icon--20"><svg><title>Chevron down</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-down"></use></svg></span></span></a> <div class="g-nav__menu" id="navigation-1" role="menu"> <div class="container"> <div class="g-nav__menu-inner"> <div class="g-nav__menu-header"> <span class="g-nav__menu-title">Explore the energy system by fuel, technology or sector</span> </div> <div class="g-nav__menu-thumbnails g-nav__menu-thumbnails--no-xl-list"> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-items"> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/energy-system/fossil-fuels" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img 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1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/727f5e9d-39d4-4b20-9e8f-fa9c19474abd/shutterstock_2135903469.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C4400%2C2475&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=338 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/727f5e9d-39d4-4b20-9e8f-fa9c19474abd/shutterstock_2135903469.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C4400%2C2475&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=675 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Oil and natural gas supply" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Fossil Fuels</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/energy-system/renewables" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img 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550w,https://iea.imgix.net/298dbf91-1765-4367-96bc-dc65b182f3be/RenewablesMarketUpdate2023_FLIPPED_shutterstock_366229667.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C467%2C4500%2C2533&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=619 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/298dbf91-1765-4367-96bc-dc65b182f3be/RenewablesMarketUpdate2023_FLIPPED_shutterstock_366229667.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C467%2C4500%2C2533&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=338 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/298dbf91-1765-4367-96bc-dc65b182f3be/RenewablesMarketUpdate2023_FLIPPED_shutterstock_366229667.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C467%2C4500%2C2533&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=675 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Photo depicts a solar panels and windmills in the power plant" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Renewables</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/energy-system/electricity" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/c2a6cd9b-85a4-446f-92b2-ff103b55c442/shutterstock_1715825734.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=%2C%2C%2C&w=600&h=338&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/c2a6cd9b-85a4-446f-92b2-ff103b55c442/shutterstock_1715825734.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=%2C%2C%2C&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=56 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/c2a6cd9b-85a4-446f-92b2-ff103b55c442/shutterstock_1715825734.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=%2C%2C%2C&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=113 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/c2a6cd9b-85a4-446f-92b2-ff103b55c442/shutterstock_1715825734.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=%2C%2C%2C&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=309 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/c2a6cd9b-85a4-446f-92b2-ff103b55c442/shutterstock_1715825734.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=%2C%2C%2C&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=619 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/c2a6cd9b-85a4-446f-92b2-ff103b55c442/shutterstock_1715825734.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=%2C%2C%2C&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=338 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/c2a6cd9b-85a4-446f-92b2-ff103b55c442/shutterstock_1715825734.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=%2C%2C%2C&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=675 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="photo from the perspective of looking up to the top of electricity tower pylons with a colorful blue and yellow background in the sky" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Electricity</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/energy-system/low-emission-fuels" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/027dc74f-71b5-4941-b375-b23ed5ead025/shutterstock_2023277612.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=251%2C0%2C5476%2C3084&w=600&h=338&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/027dc74f-71b5-4941-b375-b23ed5ead025/shutterstock_2023277612.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=251%2C0%2C5476%2C3084&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=56 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/027dc74f-71b5-4941-b375-b23ed5ead025/shutterstock_2023277612.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=251%2C0%2C5476%2C3084&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=113 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/027dc74f-71b5-4941-b375-b23ed5ead025/shutterstock_2023277612.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=251%2C0%2C5476%2C3084&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=310 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/027dc74f-71b5-4941-b375-b23ed5ead025/shutterstock_2023277612.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=251%2C0%2C5476%2C3084&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=620 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/027dc74f-71b5-4941-b375-b23ed5ead025/shutterstock_2023277612.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=251%2C0%2C5476%2C3084&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=338 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/027dc74f-71b5-4941-b375-b23ed5ead025/shutterstock_2023277612.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=251%2C0%2C5476%2C3084&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=676 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Low-emission fuels" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Low-Emission Fuels</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/energy-system/transport" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/9db3cb32-197e-41ee-b2df-e3a6483f1fa5/robert-ruggiero-3cI1YSp1E7w-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C90%2C3992%2C2248&w=600&h=338&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/9db3cb32-197e-41ee-b2df-e3a6483f1fa5/robert-ruggiero-3cI1YSp1E7w-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C90%2C3992%2C2248&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=56 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/9db3cb32-197e-41ee-b2df-e3a6483f1fa5/robert-ruggiero-3cI1YSp1E7w-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C90%2C3992%2C2248&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=113 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/9db3cb32-197e-41ee-b2df-e3a6483f1fa5/robert-ruggiero-3cI1YSp1E7w-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C90%2C3992%2C2248&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=310 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/9db3cb32-197e-41ee-b2df-e3a6483f1fa5/robert-ruggiero-3cI1YSp1E7w-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C90%2C3992%2C2248&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=619 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/9db3cb32-197e-41ee-b2df-e3a6483f1fa5/robert-ruggiero-3cI1YSp1E7w-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C90%2C3992%2C2248&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=338 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/9db3cb32-197e-41ee-b2df-e3a6483f1fa5/robert-ruggiero-3cI1YSp1E7w-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C90%2C3992%2C2248&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=676 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Transport" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Transport</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/energy-system/industry" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/2c2efb95-62d6-438f-afda-cfd3b05a02c6/guillaume-techer-XvNPUh6fWVk-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C530%2C3963%2C2233&w=600&h=338&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/2c2efb95-62d6-438f-afda-cfd3b05a02c6/guillaume-techer-XvNPUh6fWVk-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C530%2C3963%2C2233&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=56 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/2c2efb95-62d6-438f-afda-cfd3b05a02c6/guillaume-techer-XvNPUh6fWVk-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C530%2C3963%2C2233&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=113 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/2c2efb95-62d6-438f-afda-cfd3b05a02c6/guillaume-techer-XvNPUh6fWVk-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C530%2C3963%2C2233&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=310 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/2c2efb95-62d6-438f-afda-cfd3b05a02c6/guillaume-techer-XvNPUh6fWVk-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C530%2C3963%2C2233&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=620 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/2c2efb95-62d6-438f-afda-cfd3b05a02c6/guillaume-techer-XvNPUh6fWVk-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C530%2C3963%2C2233&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=338 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/2c2efb95-62d6-438f-afda-cfd3b05a02c6/guillaume-techer-XvNPUh6fWVk-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C530%2C3963%2C2233&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=676 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Tracking industry" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Industry</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/energy-system/buildings" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/baf1e3a9-a015-4917-8206-021234e74453/matthew-hamilton-Ru3Ap8TNcsk-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C456%2C5472%2C3078&w=600&h=338&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/baf1e3a9-a015-4917-8206-021234e74453/matthew-hamilton-Ru3Ap8TNcsk-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C456%2C5472%2C3078&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=56 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/baf1e3a9-a015-4917-8206-021234e74453/matthew-hamilton-Ru3Ap8TNcsk-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C456%2C5472%2C3078&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=113 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/baf1e3a9-a015-4917-8206-021234e74453/matthew-hamilton-Ru3Ap8TNcsk-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C456%2C5472%2C3078&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=309 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/baf1e3a9-a015-4917-8206-021234e74453/matthew-hamilton-Ru3Ap8TNcsk-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C456%2C5472%2C3078&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=619 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/baf1e3a9-a015-4917-8206-021234e74453/matthew-hamilton-Ru3Ap8TNcsk-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C456%2C5472%2C3078&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=338 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/baf1e3a9-a015-4917-8206-021234e74453/matthew-hamilton-Ru3Ap8TNcsk-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C456%2C5472%2C3078&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=675 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Tracking buildings" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Buildings</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/energy-system/energy-efficiency-and-demand" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/72642c3c-5c66-40c9-84aa-71f724655b3a/hector-martinez-rUUpyVdSnek-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3000%2C5141%2C2883&w=600&h=336&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/72642c3c-5c66-40c9-84aa-71f724655b3a/hector-martinez-rUUpyVdSnek-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3000%2C5141%2C2883&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=56 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/72642c3c-5c66-40c9-84aa-71f724655b3a/hector-martinez-rUUpyVdSnek-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3000%2C5141%2C2883&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=112 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/72642c3c-5c66-40c9-84aa-71f724655b3a/hector-martinez-rUUpyVdSnek-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3000%2C5141%2C2883&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=308 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/72642c3c-5c66-40c9-84aa-71f724655b3a/hector-martinez-rUUpyVdSnek-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3000%2C5141%2C2883&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=617 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/72642c3c-5c66-40c9-84aa-71f724655b3a/hector-martinez-rUUpyVdSnek-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3000%2C5141%2C2883&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=336 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/72642c3c-5c66-40c9-84aa-71f724655b3a/hector-martinez-rUUpyVdSnek-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3000%2C5141%2C2883&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=673 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Hector Martinez Ruupyvdsnek Unsplash" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Energy Efficiency and Demand</p> </a> </div> <div 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550w,https://iea.imgix.net/60dc2ee0-6d77-4812-8078-31210ed0b670/ccus_tall.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3224%2C4500%2C2536&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=620 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/60dc2ee0-6d77-4812-8078-31210ed0b670/ccus_tall.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3224%2C4500%2C2536&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=338 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/60dc2ee0-6d77-4812-8078-31210ed0b670/ccus_tall.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3224%2C4500%2C2536&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=676 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Ccus Tall" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/energy-system/decarbonisation-enablers" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/16dc3a6b-62fe-40cc-acdc-02b41ebb5c9a/shutterstock_150262865.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C5050%2C2841&w=600&h=338&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/16dc3a6b-62fe-40cc-acdc-02b41ebb5c9a/shutterstock_150262865.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C5050%2C2841&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=56 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/16dc3a6b-62fe-40cc-acdc-02b41ebb5c9a/shutterstock_150262865.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C5050%2C2841&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=113 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/16dc3a6b-62fe-40cc-acdc-02b41ebb5c9a/shutterstock_150262865.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C5050%2C2841&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=309 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/16dc3a6b-62fe-40cc-acdc-02b41ebb5c9a/shutterstock_150262865.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C5050%2C2841&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=619 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/16dc3a6b-62fe-40cc-acdc-02b41ebb5c9a/shutterstock_150262865.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C5050%2C2841&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=338 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/16dc3a6b-62fe-40cc-acdc-02b41ebb5c9a/shutterstock_150262865.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C5050%2C2841&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=675 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="LED screen macro" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Decarbonisation Enablers</p> </a> </div> </div> <div class="g-nav__menu-thumbnails-list"> <ul> <li class="g-nav__thumbnails-list-item"> <a class="g-nav__thumbnails-list-link" href="/energy-system/buildings" tabindex="-1"> <span>Buildings</span> <span class="g-nav__thumbnails-list-icon" aria-hidden="true"><span aria-hidden="true" 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href="/energy-system/decarbonisation-enablers" tabindex="-1"> <span>Decarbonisation Enablers</span> <span class="g-nav__thumbnails-list-icon" aria-hidden="true"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--sm-right icon--20"><svg><use xlink:href="#icon--sm-right"></use></svg></span></span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="g-nav__menu-link"> <a class="a-button-rounded a-button-rounded--soft-accent" href="/energy-system" data-focus-tabbed > <span class="a-button-rounded__label">Explore all</span> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--circle-arrow icon--20"><svg><use xlink:href="#icon--circle-arrow"></use></svg></span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="g-nav__item"> <a href="/topics" aria-controls="navigation-2" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" data-nav-link>Topics <span class="g-nav__item-chevron"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-down icon--20"><svg><title>Chevron down</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-down"></use></svg></span></span></a> <div class="g-nav__menu" id="navigation-2" role="menu"> <div class="container"> <div class="g-nav__menu-inner"> <div class="g-nav__menu-header"> <span class="g-nav__menu-title">Understand the biggest energy challenges</span> </div> <div class="g-nav__menu-thumbnails "> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-items"> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/topics/cop28-tracking-the-energy-outcomes" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/3762cb4e-2cde-4687-94c9-3a649c1afcb8/shutterstock_1661959885.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C340%2C7318%2C1610&w=600&h=132&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/3762cb4e-2cde-4687-94c9-3a649c1afcb8/shutterstock_1661959885.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C340%2C7318%2C1610&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=22 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/3762cb4e-2cde-4687-94c9-3a649c1afcb8/shutterstock_1661959885.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C340%2C7318%2C1610&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=44 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/3762cb4e-2cde-4687-94c9-3a649c1afcb8/shutterstock_1661959885.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C340%2C7318%2C1610&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=121 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/3762cb4e-2cde-4687-94c9-3a649c1afcb8/shutterstock_1661959885.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C340%2C7318%2C1610&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=242 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/3762cb4e-2cde-4687-94c9-3a649c1afcb8/shutterstock_1661959885.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C340%2C7318%2C1610&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=132 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/3762cb4e-2cde-4687-94c9-3a649c1afcb8/shutterstock_1661959885.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C340%2C7318%2C1610&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=264 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Photo of planet earth taken from space" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">COP28: Tracking the Energy Outcomes</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/topics/energy-security" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/1575f899-522e-411a-838c-05f31d87484d/shutterstock_753516193.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C633%2C6000%2C2571&w=600&h=257&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/1575f899-522e-411a-838c-05f31d87484d/shutterstock_753516193.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C633%2C6000%2C2571&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=43 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/1575f899-522e-411a-838c-05f31d87484d/shutterstock_753516193.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C633%2C6000%2C2571&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=86 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/1575f899-522e-411a-838c-05f31d87484d/shutterstock_753516193.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C633%2C6000%2C2571&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=236 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/1575f899-522e-411a-838c-05f31d87484d/shutterstock_753516193.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C633%2C6000%2C2571&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=471 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/1575f899-522e-411a-838c-05f31d87484d/shutterstock_753516193.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C633%2C6000%2C2571&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=257 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/1575f899-522e-411a-838c-05f31d87484d/shutterstock_753516193.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C633%2C6000%2C2571&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=514 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Electricity security report cover" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Energy Security</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/topics/climate-change" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/a3eea9a7-2f8d-4981-ac9d-6b422f21e029/o3L6pCKwgJY-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C926%2C4938%2C2122&w=600&h=258&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/a3eea9a7-2f8d-4981-ac9d-6b422f21e029/o3L6pCKwgJY-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C926%2C4938%2C2122&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=43 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/a3eea9a7-2f8d-4981-ac9d-6b422f21e029/o3L6pCKwgJY-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C926%2C4938%2C2122&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=86 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/a3eea9a7-2f8d-4981-ac9d-6b422f21e029/o3L6pCKwgJY-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C926%2C4938%2C2122&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=236 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/a3eea9a7-2f8d-4981-ac9d-6b422f21e029/o3L6pCKwgJY-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C926%2C4938%2C2122&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=473 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/a3eea9a7-2f8d-4981-ac9d-6b422f21e029/o3L6pCKwgJY-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C926%2C4938%2C2122&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=258 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/a3eea9a7-2f8d-4981-ac9d-6b422f21e029/o3L6pCKwgJY-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C926%2C4938%2C2122&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=516 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Climate Change</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/topics/access-and-affordability" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/9ff0915d-3c95-4065-ba47-1c3b6626282d/shutterstock_89400688.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C121%2C997%2C427&w=600&h=257&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/9ff0915d-3c95-4065-ba47-1c3b6626282d/shutterstock_89400688.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C121%2C997%2C427&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=43 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/9ff0915d-3c95-4065-ba47-1c3b6626282d/shutterstock_89400688.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C121%2C997%2C427&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=86 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/9ff0915d-3c95-4065-ba47-1c3b6626282d/shutterstock_89400688.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C121%2C997%2C427&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=236 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/9ff0915d-3c95-4065-ba47-1c3b6626282d/shutterstock_89400688.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C121%2C997%2C427&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=471 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/9ff0915d-3c95-4065-ba47-1c3b6626282d/shutterstock_89400688.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C121%2C997%2C427&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=257 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/9ff0915d-3c95-4065-ba47-1c3b6626282d/shutterstock_89400688.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C121%2C997%2C427&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=514 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Access and Affordability</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/topics/artificial-intelligence" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/52eaef5a-3a9e-4a14-9851-825050f2de2f/Photodepictsabstractcurlytendrilsagainstbluebackground_GettyImages-1041976390.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1750%2C6000%2C1328&w=600&h=133&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/52eaef5a-3a9e-4a14-9851-825050f2de2f/Photodepictsabstractcurlytendrilsagainstbluebackground_GettyImages-1041976390.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1750%2C6000%2C1328&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=22 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/52eaef5a-3a9e-4a14-9851-825050f2de2f/Photodepictsabstractcurlytendrilsagainstbluebackground_GettyImages-1041976390.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1750%2C6000%2C1328&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=44 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/52eaef5a-3a9e-4a14-9851-825050f2de2f/Photodepictsabstractcurlytendrilsagainstbluebackground_GettyImages-1041976390.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1750%2C6000%2C1328&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=122 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/52eaef5a-3a9e-4a14-9851-825050f2de2f/Photodepictsabstractcurlytendrilsagainstbluebackground_GettyImages-1041976390.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1750%2C6000%2C1328&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=243 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/52eaef5a-3a9e-4a14-9851-825050f2de2f/Photodepictsabstractcurlytendrilsagainstbluebackground_GettyImages-1041976390.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1750%2C6000%2C1328&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=133 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/52eaef5a-3a9e-4a14-9851-825050f2de2f/Photodepictsabstractcurlytendrilsagainstbluebackground_GettyImages-1041976390.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1750%2C6000%2C1328&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=266 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Photo Depicts Abstract Curly Tendrils Against Blue Background Gettyimages 1041976390" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Artificial Intelligence</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/topics/net-zero-emissions" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/7ffdf09a-886f-498d-a356-499941ac03db/Aerialviewofwindturbines.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C166%2C3423%2C1467&w=600&h=257&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/7ffdf09a-886f-498d-a356-499941ac03db/Aerialviewofwindturbines.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C166%2C3423%2C1467&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=43 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/7ffdf09a-886f-498d-a356-499941ac03db/Aerialviewofwindturbines.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C166%2C3423%2C1467&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=86 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/7ffdf09a-886f-498d-a356-499941ac03db/Aerialviewofwindturbines.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C166%2C3423%2C1467&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=236 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/7ffdf09a-886f-498d-a356-499941ac03db/Aerialviewofwindturbines.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C166%2C3423%2C1467&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=471 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/7ffdf09a-886f-498d-a356-499941ac03db/Aerialviewofwindturbines.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C166%2C3423%2C1467&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=257 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/7ffdf09a-886f-498d-a356-499941ac03db/Aerialviewofwindturbines.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C166%2C3423%2C1467&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=514 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Aerial View Of Wind Turbines" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Net Zero Emissions</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/topics/russias-war-on-ukraine" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/4aadbe0a-78b5-46fc-a567-af32cd8674f2/RussiasWaronUkrainetopicpagecover_AnemptytrainstationinLviv%2CUrkaine.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C760%2C4000%2C1716&w=600&h=257&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/4aadbe0a-78b5-46fc-a567-af32cd8674f2/RussiasWaronUkrainetopicpagecover_AnemptytrainstationinLviv%2CUrkaine.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C760%2C4000%2C1716&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=43 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/4aadbe0a-78b5-46fc-a567-af32cd8674f2/RussiasWaronUkrainetopicpagecover_AnemptytrainstationinLviv%2CUrkaine.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C760%2C4000%2C1716&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=86 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sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Russias War On Ukraine Topic Page Cover An Empty Train Station In Lviv Urkaine" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Russia's War on Ukraine</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/topics/the-ieas-50th-anniversary" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/968c5935-fd6d-4510-9e30-b9fbb16d7c8c/50-bg-2.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=778%2C0%2C4145%2C1777&w=600&h=257&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/968c5935-fd6d-4510-9e30-b9fbb16d7c8c/50-bg-2.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=778%2C0%2C4145%2C1777&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=43 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/968c5935-fd6d-4510-9e30-b9fbb16d7c8c/50-bg-2.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=778%2C0%2C4145%2C1777&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=86 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/968c5935-fd6d-4510-9e30-b9fbb16d7c8c/50-bg-2.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=778%2C0%2C4145%2C1777&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=236 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/968c5935-fd6d-4510-9e30-b9fbb16d7c8c/50-bg-2.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=778%2C0%2C4145%2C1777&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=472 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/968c5935-fd6d-4510-9e30-b9fbb16d7c8c/50-bg-2.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=778%2C0%2C4145%2C1777&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=257 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/968c5935-fd6d-4510-9e30-b9fbb16d7c8c/50-bg-2.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=778%2C0%2C4145%2C1777&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=514 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="50 Bg 2" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">The IEA's 50th Anniversary</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/topics/energy-and-gender" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/827d6197-2b82-4e62-85de-2c49070eba8a/thisisengineering-X7cls0azgKg-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1221%2C7952%2C1752&w=600&h=132&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/827d6197-2b82-4e62-85de-2c49070eba8a/thisisengineering-X7cls0azgKg-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1221%2C7952%2C1752&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=22 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/827d6197-2b82-4e62-85de-2c49070eba8a/thisisengineering-X7cls0azgKg-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1221%2C7952%2C1752&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=44 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/827d6197-2b82-4e62-85de-2c49070eba8a/thisisengineering-X7cls0azgKg-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1221%2C7952%2C1752&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=121 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/827d6197-2b82-4e62-85de-2c49070eba8a/thisisengineering-X7cls0azgKg-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1221%2C7952%2C1752&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=242 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/827d6197-2b82-4e62-85de-2c49070eba8a/thisisengineering-X7cls0azgKg-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1221%2C7952%2C1752&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=132 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/827d6197-2b82-4e62-85de-2c49070eba8a/thisisengineering-X7cls0azgKg-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1221%2C7952%2C1752&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=264 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Thisisengineering X7cls0azgkg Unsplash" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Energy and Gender</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/topics/investment" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/51f8bd4e-0179-4d08-a9ef-09a3017204f2/Investmenttopicpagecoverimage_Windwillsinthebackgroundwithsolarpanelsattheforeground.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C321%2C1000%2C429&w=600&h=257&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/51f8bd4e-0179-4d08-a9ef-09a3017204f2/Investmenttopicpagecoverimage_Windwillsinthebackgroundwithsolarpanelsattheforeground.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C321%2C1000%2C429&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=43 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/51f8bd4e-0179-4d08-a9ef-09a3017204f2/Investmenttopicpagecoverimage_Windwillsinthebackgroundwithsolarpanelsattheforeground.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C321%2C1000%2C429&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=86 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/51f8bd4e-0179-4d08-a9ef-09a3017204f2/Investmenttopicpagecoverimage_Windwillsinthebackgroundwithsolarpanelsattheforeground.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C321%2C1000%2C429&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=236 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/51f8bd4e-0179-4d08-a9ef-09a3017204f2/Investmenttopicpagecoverimage_Windwillsinthebackgroundwithsolarpanelsattheforeground.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C321%2C1000%2C429&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=472 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/51f8bd4e-0179-4d08-a9ef-09a3017204f2/Investmenttopicpagecoverimage_Windwillsinthebackgroundwithsolarpanelsattheforeground.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C321%2C1000%2C429&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=257 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/51f8bd4e-0179-4d08-a9ef-09a3017204f2/Investmenttopicpagecoverimage_Windwillsinthebackgroundwithsolarpanelsattheforeground.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C321%2C1000%2C429&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=515 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Investment Topic Page Cover Image Windwills In The Background With Solar Panels At The Foreground" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Investment</p> </a> </div> </div> <div class="g-nav__menu-thumbnails-list"> <ul> <li class="g-nav__thumbnails-list-item"> <a 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With selective focus and bokeh." class="" /> </div> <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">Energy Technology Perspectives 2024</h2> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <p class="m-card__type"> Flagship report — October 2024 </p> </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="m-card-listing-item m-card-listing-item--report m-card-listing-item--flagship-report"> <a class="m-card m-card--report-flagship m-card--report-flagship m-card--report-default" href="/reports/world-energy-outlook-2024" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__background"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/90a88c3f-e071-4ab0-82e8-f08769f40de4/Imageshowingawaveliquidshapecolorbackground.ArtdesignVectorillustration_GettyImages-1148599351_CMYK.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=599%2C23%2C878%2C1189&w=348&h=471&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/90a88c3f-e071-4ab0-82e8-f08769f40de4/Imageshowingawaveliquidshapecolorbackground.ArtdesignVectorillustration_GettyImages-1148599351_CMYK.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=599%2C23%2C878%2C1189&w=288&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=390 288w,https://iea.imgix.net/90a88c3f-e071-4ab0-82e8-f08769f40de4/Imageshowingawaveliquidshapecolorbackground.ArtdesignVectorillustration_GettyImages-1148599351_CMYK.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=599%2C23%2C878%2C1189&w=576&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=780 576w,https://iea.imgix.net/90a88c3f-e071-4ab0-82e8-f08769f40de4/Imageshowingawaveliquidshapecolorbackground.ArtdesignVectorillustration_GettyImages-1148599351_CMYK.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=599%2C23%2C878%2C1189&w=324&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=439 324w,https://iea.imgix.net/90a88c3f-e071-4ab0-82e8-f08769f40de4/Imageshowingawaveliquidshapecolorbackground.ArtdesignVectorillustration_GettyImages-1148599351_CMYK.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=599%2C23%2C878%2C1189&w=648&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=878 648w,https://iea.imgix.net/90a88c3f-e071-4ab0-82e8-f08769f40de4/Imageshowingawaveliquidshapecolorbackground.ArtdesignVectorillustration_GettyImages-1148599351_CMYK.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=599%2C23%2C878%2C1189&w=348&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=471 348w,https://iea.imgix.net/90a88c3f-e071-4ab0-82e8-f08769f40de4/Imageshowingawaveliquidshapecolorbackground.ArtdesignVectorillustration_GettyImages-1148599351_CMYK.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=599%2C23%2C878%2C1189&w=696&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=943 696w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 288px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 324px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 348px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 348px,(min-width: 1480px) 348px" alt="Image Showing A Wave Liquid Shape Color Background Art Design Vector Illustration Gettyimages 1148599351 Cmyk" class="" /> </div> <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">World Energy Outlook 2024</h2> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <p class="m-card__type"> Flagship report — October 2024 </p> </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="m-card-listing-item m-card-listing-item--report m-card-listing-item--fuel-report"> <a class="m-card m-card--report-default m-card--report-fuel m-card--report-default" href="/reports/oil-market-report-november-2024" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">Oil Market Report - 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</a> <a href="#tracking" class="m-nav-page__tab " data-tabs-btn > Tracking </a> <a href="#programmes" class="m-nav-page__tab " data-tabs-btn > Programmes </a> <span class="m-nav-page__active-tab" data-tabs-status></span> </nav> </div> </div> <div data-buy-generic></div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="m-tab-wrapper" data-stickyNav-tracker> <section class="page__section" id="overview" data-tab-anchor="Overview"> <div class="page__section page__section--padded-b"> <section class="m-energy-questions container"> <div class="m-animation-reveal" data-behavior="animationReveal" > <div class="m-energy-questions__cards"> <div class="m-energy-questions__card"> <div class="m-card-energy-question"> <h3 class="m-card-energy-question__title">What is carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS)?</h3> <p class="m-card-energy-question__desc"> CCUS involves the capture of CO2, generally from large point sources like power generation or industrial facilities that use either fossil fuels or biomass as fuel. If not being used on-site, the captured CO2 is compressed and transported by pipeline, ship, rail or truck to be used in a range of applications, or injected into deep geological formations such as depleted oil and gas reservoirs or saline aquifers.</p> </div> </div> <div class="m-energy-questions__card"> <div class="m-card-energy-question"> <h3 class="m-card-energy-question__title">What is the role of CCUS in clean energy transitions?</h3> <p class="m-card-energy-question__desc"> CCUS can be retrofitted to existing power and industrial plants, allowing for their continued operation. It can tackle emissions in hard-to-abate sectors, particularly heavy industries like cement, steel or chemicals. CCUS is an enabler of least-cost low-carbon hydrogen production, which can support the decarbonisation of other parts of the energy system, such as industry, trucks and ships. Finally, CCUS can remove CO2 from the air to balance emissions that are unavoidable or technically difficult to abate.</p> </div> </div> <div class="m-energy-questions__card"> <div class="m-card-energy-question"> <h3 class="m-card-energy-question__title">Where do we need to go?</h3> <p class="m-card-energy-question__desc"> CCUS deployment has been behind expectations in the past but momentum has grown substantially in recent years, with over 700 projects in various stages of development across the CCUS value chain. Nevertheless, even at such level, CCUS deployment would remain well below what is required in the Net Zero Scenario.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="m-energy-questions__accordions" data-behavior="accordion" data-accordion-forceFirstOpen="1" data-accordion-closeBehavior="custom"> <div class="m-accordion-unity " > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <h2 class="m-accordion-unity__trigger"> <button data-focus-tabbed aria-expanded="1" data-accordion-trigger aria-controls="what-is-carbon-capture-utilisation-and-storage-ccus-8a113b12-b7fa-11ef-80e7-6045bd192725-content" id="what-is-carbon-capture-utilisation-and-storage-ccus-8a113b12-b7fa-11ef-80e7-6045bd192725"> What is carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS)? <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon-wrapper"> <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-down icon--20"><svg><title>Chevron down</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-down"></use></svg></span> </div> </div> </button> </h2> </div> <div id="what-is-carbon-capture-utilisation-and-storage-ccus-8a113b12-b7fa-11ef-80e7-6045bd192725-content" class="m-accordion-unity__item" role="region" aria-labelledby="what-is-carbon-capture-utilisation-and-storage-ccus-8a113b12-b7fa-11ef-80e7-6045bd192725" data-accordion-item data-accordion-init="" > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <div data-accordion-content class="m-accordion-unity__content"> <div class="m-accordion-unity__content-body f-rte"> CCUS involves the capture of CO2, generally from large point sources like power generation or industrial facilities that use either fossil fuels or biomass as fuel. If not being used on-site, the captured CO2 is compressed and transported by pipeline, ship, rail or truck to be used in a range of applications, or injected into deep geological formations such as depleted oil and gas reservoirs or saline aquifers. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="m-accordion-unity " > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <h2 class="m-accordion-unity__trigger"> <button data-focus-tabbed aria-expanded="" data-accordion-trigger aria-controls="what-is-the-role-of-ccus-in-clean-energy-transitions-8a114030-b7fa-11ef-a6ef-6045bd192725-content" id="what-is-the-role-of-ccus-in-clean-energy-transitions-8a114030-b7fa-11ef-a6ef-6045bd192725"> What is the role of CCUS in clean energy transitions? <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon-wrapper"> <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-down icon--20"><svg><title>Chevron down</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-down"></use></svg></span> </div> </div> </button> </h2> </div> <div id="what-is-the-role-of-ccus-in-clean-energy-transitions-8a114030-b7fa-11ef-a6ef-6045bd192725-content" class="m-accordion-unity__item" role="region" aria-labelledby="what-is-the-role-of-ccus-in-clean-energy-transitions-8a114030-b7fa-11ef-a6ef-6045bd192725" data-accordion-item > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <div data-accordion-content class="m-accordion-unity__content"> <div class="m-accordion-unity__content-body f-rte"> CCUS can be retrofitted to existing power and industrial plants, allowing for their continued operation. It can tackle emissions in hard-to-abate sectors, particularly heavy industries like cement, steel or chemicals. CCUS is an enabler of least-cost low-carbon hydrogen production, which can support the decarbonisation of other parts of the energy system, such as industry, trucks and ships. Finally, CCUS can remove CO2 from the air to balance emissions that are unavoidable or technically difficult to abate. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="m-accordion-unity " > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <h2 class="m-accordion-unity__trigger"> <button data-focus-tabbed aria-expanded="" data-accordion-trigger aria-controls="where-do-we-need-to-go-8a1142ce-b7fa-11ef-92db-6045bd192725-content" id="where-do-we-need-to-go-8a1142ce-b7fa-11ef-92db-6045bd192725"> Where do we need to go? <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon-wrapper"> <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-down icon--20"><svg><title>Chevron down</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-down"></use></svg></span> </div> </div> </button> </h2> </div> <div id="where-do-we-need-to-go-8a1142ce-b7fa-11ef-92db-6045bd192725-content" class="m-accordion-unity__item" role="region" aria-labelledby="where-do-we-need-to-go-8a1142ce-b7fa-11ef-92db-6045bd192725" data-accordion-item > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <div data-accordion-content class="m-accordion-unity__content"> <div class="m-accordion-unity__content-body f-rte"> CCUS deployment has been behind expectations in the past but momentum has grown substantially in recent years, with over 700 projects in various stages of development across the CCUS value chain. Nevertheless, even at such level, CCUS deployment would remain well below what is required in the Net Zero Scenario. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="m-recirculation-links container"> <header class="m-recirculation-links__header"> <h2 class="m-recirculation-links__title f-title-7">In this sector</h2> </header> <ul class="m-recirculation-links__items"> <li class="m-recirculation-links__item"> <a class="m-recirculation-links__link f-ui-1-bold" href="/energy-system/carbon-capture-utilisation-and-storage/bioenergy-with-carbon-capture-and-storage"> <span class="m-recirculation-links__link-title"> Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage </span> <span class="m-recirculation-links__link-icon"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-right icon--20"><svg><title>Previous page</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-right"></use></svg></span></span> </a> </li> <li class="m-recirculation-links__item"> <a class="m-recirculation-links__link f-ui-1-bold" href="/energy-system/carbon-capture-utilisation-and-storage/direct-air-capture"> <span class="m-recirculation-links__link-title"> Direct Air Capture </span> <span class="m-recirculation-links__link-icon"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-right icon--20"><svg><title>Previous page</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-right"></use></svg></span></span> </a> </li> <li class="m-recirculation-links__item"> <a class="m-recirculation-links__link f-ui-1-bold" href="/energy-system/carbon-capture-utilisation-and-storage/co2-capture-and-utilisation"> <span class="m-recirculation-links__link-title"> CO2 Capture and Utilisation </span> <span class="m-recirculation-links__link-icon"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-right icon--20"><svg><title>Previous page</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-right"></use></svg></span></span> </a> </li> <li class="m-recirculation-links__item"> <a class="m-recirculation-links__link f-ui-1-bold" href="/energy-system/carbon-capture-utilisation-and-storage/co2-transport-and-storage"> <span class="m-recirculation-links__link-title"> CO2 Transport and Storage </span> <span class="m-recirculation-links__link-icon"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-right icon--20"><svg><title>Previous page</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-right"></use></svg></span></span> </a> </li> </ul> </section> </div> </section> <div class="page__section"> <section id="how-does-ccus-work" data-tab-anchor='how-does-ccus-work' class="m-energy-tracking-section m-energy-tracking-section--space container"> <header class="m-energy-tracking-section__header m-energy-tracking-section__header--title-only"> <div class="m-energy-tracking-section__col"> <h2 class="f-title-6 m-energy-tracking-section__title">How does CCUS work?</h2> </div> </header> <div class="m-energy-tracking-section__items container"> <div class="m-accordion-unity m-accordion-unity--with-desc" data-behavior="accordion" data-accordion-firstOpen="0" data-accordion-closeBehavior="custom" > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <h3 class="m-accordion-unity__trigger"> <button data-focus-tabbed aria-expanded="" data-accordion-trigger aria-controls="the-ccus-chain-8a118270-b7fa-11ef-9aee-6045bd192725-content" id="the-ccus-chain-8a118270-b7fa-11ef-9aee-6045bd192725"> The CCUS chain <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon-wrapper"> <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-down icon--20"><svg><title>Chevron down</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-down"></use></svg></span> </div> </div> </button> </h3> <p data-accordion-desc class="m-accordion-unity__description f-body">A visual overview of each step in the CCUS process. </p> </div> <div id="the-ccus-chain-8a118270-b7fa-11ef-9aee-6045bd192725-content" class="m-accordion-unity__item" role="region" aria-labelledby="the-ccus-chain-8a118270-b7fa-11ef-9aee-6045bd192725" data-accordion-item > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <div data-accordion-content class="m-accordion-unity__content"> <p data-accordion-descmobile class="m-accordion-unity__description f-body" inert hidden>A visual overview of each step in the CCUS process. </p> <div class="m-accordion-unity__content-body f-rte"> <div class="m-block-wrapper m-block-wrapper--half " data-behavior="blocksReveal" > <div class="container" data-component="blocks:imageChart"> <div class="m-block m-block--charts m-block--charts-full" data-behavior="openImage"> <div class="m-chart__img"> <div class="m-chart-block"> <header> <h3 class="f-ui-2-bold"></h3> <span> <a class="a-link-icon a-link-icon--secondary a-link-icon--oneliner" href="" target="_self" data-focus-tabbed data-behavior=' track' data-openimage-opener='' data-track-event='ImageChartsOpen' data-track-eventcategory='Image' data-track-eventaction='click open image' data-track-eventlabel='' > <span>Open</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--expand 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</div> </section> </div> <div class="page__section page__section--padded page__section--dark page__section--no-border" data-tab-anchor="tracking"> <section id="tracking" class="m-energy-tracking-section container"> <header class="m-energy-tracking-section__header "> <div class="m-energy-tracking-section__col"> <h2 class="f-title-6 m-energy-tracking-section__title">Tracking Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage</h2> <div class="m-energy-tracking-section__status-container"> <div class="m-energy-tracking-section__status"> <div class="a-status a-status--not-on-track a-status--strong"> <span class="a-status__dot"></span> <div class="a-status__slot"> <span class="a-status__content">Not on track</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="m-energy-tracking-section__status-tooltip"> <span class="a-help" data-behavior="tooltip"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--help icon--20"><svg><use xlink:href="#icon--help"></use></svg></span> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--help-inverse icon--20"><svg><use xlink:href="#icon--help-inverse"></use></svg></span> <script type="x-template" data-tooltip-template> <div> <div class="a-status a-status--on-track a-status--strong"> <span class="a-status__dot"></span> <div class="a-status__slot"> <span class="a-status__content">On track</span> </div> </div> <div class="a-status a-status--more-efforts-needed a-status--strong"> <span class="a-status__dot"></span> <div class="a-status__slot"> <span class="a-status__content">More efforts needed</span> </div> </div> <div class="a-status a-status--not-on-track a-status--strong"> <span class="a-status__dot"></span> <div class="a-status__slot"> <span class="a-status__content">Not on track</span> </div> </div> </div> </script> </span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="m-energy-tracking-section__col"> <div class="m-energy-tracking-section__desc f-rte f-subtitle-1"><p>Around 45 commercial facilities are already in operation applying carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS) to industrial processes, fuel transformation and power generation. CCUS deployment has trailed behind expectations in the past, but momentum has grown substantially in recent years, with over 700 projects in various stages of development across the CCUS value chain. In 2023, announced capture capacity for 2030 increased by 35%, while announced storage capacity rose by 70%. This brings the total amount of CO2 that could be captured in 2030 to around 435 million tonnes (Mt) per year and announced storage capacity to around 615 Mt of CO2 per year. While this momentum from announcements is positive, it still just around 40% (and 60%, respectively) of the circa 1 Gt CO2 per year which is captured and stored in the Net Zero Emissions by 2050 (NZE) Scenario.<br class="softbreak"></p></div> <div class="m-energy-tracking-section__cta"> <a class="a-link-icon a-link-icon--secondary" href="/reports/tracking-clean-energy-progress-2023" target="_self" data-focus-tabbed > <span>Tracking Clean Energy Progress 2023</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--circle-arrow icon--20"><svg><title>circle-arrow</title><use xlink:href="#icon--circle-arrow"></use></svg></span> </a> </div> </div> </header> <div class="m-energy-tracking-section__items container"> <div class="m-accordion-unity m-accordion-unity--with-desc" data-behavior="accordion" data-accordion-firstOpen="0" data-accordion-closeBehavior="custom" > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <h3 class="m-accordion-unity__trigger"> <button data-focus-tabbed aria-expanded="" data-accordion-trigger aria-controls="country-and-regional-highlights-8a1482b8-b7fa-11ef-92aa-6045bd192725-content" id="country-and-regional-highlights-8a1482b8-b7fa-11ef-92aa-6045bd192725"> Country and regional highlights <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon-wrapper"> <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-down icon--20"><svg><title>Chevron down</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-down"></use></svg></span> </div> </div> </button> </h3> <p data-accordion-desc class="m-accordion-unity__description f-body">The United States and Europe issue billions in funding for projects, while Germany and Japan make significant progress on CCUS legislation </p> </div> <div id="country-and-regional-highlights-8a1482b8-b7fa-11ef-92aa-6045bd192725-content" class="m-accordion-unity__item" role="region" aria-labelledby="country-and-regional-highlights-8a1482b8-b7fa-11ef-92aa-6045bd192725" data-accordion-item > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <div data-accordion-content class="m-accordion-unity__content"> <p data-accordion-descmobile class="m-accordion-unity__description f-body" inert hidden>The United States and Europe issue billions in funding for projects, while Germany and Japan make significant progress on CCUS legislation </p> <div class="m-accordion-unity__content-body f-rte"> <div class="m-block-wrapper m-block-wrapper--half " data-behavior="blocksReveal" > <div class="container " data-component="blocks:text"> <div class="m-block m-block--text"> <div class="m-block__content f-rte f-rte--block"> <p>Countries and regions making notable progress in CCUS include:</p><ul><li>The <strong>United States </strong>announced important opportunities in 2023 that are expected to boost CCUS project development, including USD 1.7 billion for carbon capture demonstration projects and USD 1.2 billion for direct air capture (DAC) hubs under the 2021 <a href="https://www.iea.org/policies/14982-infrastructure-and-jobs-act-carbon-capture-utilization-and-storage-investment" rel="noopener noreferrer">Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act</a>.</li><li>The <strong>European Union</strong> issued around USD 1.5 billion to CCUS projects under the latest <a href="https://climate.ec.europa.eu/eu-action/eu-funding-climate-action/innovation-fund/calls-proposals/large-scale-calls_en" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Innovation Fund</a> round, and over USD 500 million to CO<sub>2</sub> transport and storage projects under its <a href="https://cinea.ec.europa.eu/programmes/connecting-europe-facility/energy-infrastructure-connecting-europe-facility-0_en" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Connecting Europe Facility</a> programme. Other notable funding for CCUS projects occurred in the <strong>Netherlands</strong> (USD 7.3 billion) and <strong>Demark</strong> (USD 1.2 billion). This is boosting project development, including first Dutch transport and storage project Porthos <a href="https://www.porthosco2.nl/en/first-co2-storage-project-in-the-netherlands-is-launched/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">reaching a final investment decision</a> (FID) to start injecting 2.5 Mt CO<sub>2</sub> per year in offshore gas fields in 2027, while injection for the first phase (25 kt CO<sub>2</sub> per year) of the <a href="https://www.eni.com/ravenna-ccs/en-IT/project/ravenna-hub.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Ravenna CCS hub</a> in Italy is set to start in 2024. Additionally, FIDs were reached for five capture facilities across application including in <a href="https://www.yara.com/corporate-releases/yara-invests-in-ccs-in-sluiskil-and-signs-binding-co2-transport-and-storage-agreement-with-northern-lights--the-worlds-first-cross-border-ccs-agreement-in-operation2/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">ammonia</a> and for two <a href="https://www.airproducts.com/company/news-center/2023/11/1106-air-products-blue-hydrogen-plant-europe-and-exxonmobil-long-term-agreement" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">hydrogen</a> facilities in the <a href="https://www.airliquide.com/sites/airliquide.com/files/2023-12/air-liquide-to-build-a-world-scale-co2-capture-unit-to-contribute-to-rotterdams-industrial-basin-decarbonization.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Netherlands</a>, and in <a href="https://orsted.com/en/media/news/2023/12/oersted-begins-construction-of-denmarks-first-carb-13757543" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">bioenergy with CCUS</a> in Denmark.</li><li><strong>Germany</strong> made its re-entry into CCUS with the release of its carbon management strategy that identifies CCUS as a crucial to meeting the country’s carbon neutrality ambitions by 2045. In addition to the strategy, the government plans to amend legislation to allow for the regulation of CCUS activities, including offshore CO<sub>2</sub> storage.</li><li><strong>Japan</strong> is quickly advancing its CCUS efforts with the <a href="https://www.meti.go.jp/english/press/2023/0613_001.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">selection of seven large-scale projects</a> to capture and store around 13 Mt CO<sub>2</sub> per year in 2030. It is also progressing on its draft CCS Business Act, which will establish a legal framework for CCUS across the value chain, and proposal to amend the London Protocol to allow for the transboundary storage of CO<sub>2</sub>. <br class="softbreak"></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="m-accordion-unity m-accordion-unity--with-desc" data-behavior="accordion" data-accordion-firstOpen="0" data-accordion-closeBehavior="custom" > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <h3 class="m-accordion-unity__trigger"> <button data-focus-tabbed aria-expanded="" data-accordion-trigger aria-controls="co2-capture-8a1a8eec-b7fa-11ef-953b-6045bd192725-content" id="co2-capture-8a1a8eec-b7fa-11ef-953b-6045bd192725"> CO2 capture <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon-wrapper"> <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-down icon--20"><svg><title>Chevron down</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-down"></use></svg></span> </div> </div> </button> </h3> <p data-accordion-desc class="m-accordion-unity__description f-body">CCUS facilities currently capture more than 50 Mt CO2 annually </p> </div> <div id="co2-capture-8a1a8eec-b7fa-11ef-953b-6045bd192725-content" class="m-accordion-unity__item" role="region" aria-labelledby="co2-capture-8a1a8eec-b7fa-11ef-953b-6045bd192725" data-accordion-item > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <div data-accordion-content class="m-accordion-unity__content"> <p data-accordion-descmobile class="m-accordion-unity__description f-body" inert hidden>CCUS facilities currently capture more than 50 Mt CO2 annually </p> <div class="m-accordion-unity__content-body f-rte"> <div class="m-block-wrapper m-block-wrapper--half " data-behavior="blocksReveal" > <div class="container " data-component="blocks:text"> <div class="m-block m-block--text"> <div class="m-block__content f-rte f-rte--block"> <p>There are now around 45 commercial capture facilities in operation globally, with a total annual capture capacity of more than 50 Mt CO<sub>2</sub>. Close to ten large-scale (capture capacity over 100 000 tCO<sub>2</sub>/year, and over 1 000 tCO<sub>2</sub>/yr for DAC applications) capture facilities entered operation in 2023, including the <a href="https://ethanolproducer.com/articles/harvestone-co2-injection-commences-at-blue-flint-ethanol-ccs-project" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Blue Flint ethanol project</a>, <a href="https://www.linde.com/news-and-media/2024/linde-starts-up-supply-of-clean-hydrogen-and-captured-carbon-dioxide-to-celanese" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Linde Clear Lake capture facility</a>, and <a href="https://www.heirloomcarbon.com/news/heirloom-unveils-americas-first-commercial-direct-air-capture-facility" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Heirloom</a> and <a href="https://www.globalthermostat.com/news-and-updates/global-thermostat-colorado-headquarters" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Global thermostat</a>’s first 1,000 tCO<sub>2/</sub>yr facilities in the United States, and four projects in China (the <a href="http://www.tanjiaoyi.com/article-44241-1.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Jiling Petrochemical CCUS facility</a>, the <a href="https://www.cnoocltd.com/art/2023/6/1/art_55170_15339040.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">CNOOC Enping oil field</a>, the first phase of the <a href="https://news.bjx.com.cn/html/20230828/1328476.shtml" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Guanghui Energy CCUS integration project</a> and the <a href="https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/china-energy-starts-operations-asias-largest-coal-carbon-capture-facility-2023-06-02/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">China Energy Taizhou power plant</a>). It also includes the <a href="https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/carbon-capture-project-back-texas-coal-plant-after-3-year-shutdown-2023-09-14/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">capture facility at the Petra Nova plant</a> in the United States, which restarted operations after a 3-year suspension. While planned capacity for 2030 increased by around 2030 since last year, the pipeline of current projects is only just around 40% of the Net Zero Scenario requirement in 2030.<br class="softbreak"></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container " data-component="blocks:charts:full:1"> <div class="m-block m-block--charts m-block--charts-full"> <div class="m-chart-block" data-behavior="chart" data-chart-identifier ="capacity-of-current-and-planned-large-scale-co2-capture-projects-vs-the-net-zero-scenario-2020-2030" data-chart-download="1" data-chart-downloadcsv="1" data-chart-listing="0" data-chart-permalink="0" data-chart-datasource="0" data-chart-csv=",Operating,Under construction,Advanced development,Concept and feasibility,Gap to NZE 2020,46,0,0,0,0 2022,48,0,0,0,0 2024,50,7,7,1,0 2026,50,33,48,37,0 2028,50,38,117,90,0 2030,50,38,142,205,589" data-chart-csvfile="" data-chart-year="" data-chart-startyear="" data-chart-endyear="" data-chart-products="" data-chart-countries="" data-chart-flows="" data-chart-series="" data-chart-decimals="0" data-chart-tooltip="1" data-chart-queryparams="" data-chart-xaxisdimension="" data-chart-yaxisdimension="" data-chart-lasthistoricalyear="" data-chart-futurescenariolabel="" data-chart-issingleyear="0" data-chart-charttype="column" data-chart-chartoptions="{ \"xAxis\": { \"type\": \"category\", \"categories\": [ \"2020\",\"2022\",\"2024\",\"2026\",\"2028\",\"2030\" ] } }" data-chart-colorpalette="default" data-chart-credit="IEA. Licence: CC BY 4.0" data-chart-crediturl="https://www.iea.org/terms/creative-commons-cc-licenses" data-chart-units="Mt CO2/year" data-chart-highlights="" data-chart-stacking="normal" data-chart-legendtype="legend" > <header> <h3 class="f-ui-2-bold">Capacity of current and planned large-scale CO2 capture projects vs. the Net Zero Scenario, 2020-2030</h3> <span> <a class="a-link-icon a-link-icon--secondary a-link-icon--oneliner" href="/data-and-statistics/charts/capacity-of-current-and-planned-large-scale-co2-capture-projects-vs-the-net-zero-scenario-2020-2030" target="_self" data-focus-tabbed data-panel-open='' data-behavior='track' data-track-event='ChartsOpen' data-track-eventcategory='Charts' data-track-eventaction='click open chart' data-track-eventlabel='Capacity of current and planned large-scale CO2 capture projects vs. the Net Zero Scenario, 2020-2030' > <span>Open</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--expand icon--20"><svg><title>expand</title><use xlink:href="#icon--expand"></use></svg></span> </a> </span> </header> <div class="m-chart-block__container" data-chart-container> <div class="m-chart-block__placeholder"> <span class="a-loader"> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="m-accordion-unity m-accordion-unity--with-desc" data-behavior="accordion" data-accordion-firstOpen="0" data-accordion-closeBehavior="custom" > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <h3 class="m-accordion-unity__trigger"> <button data-focus-tabbed aria-expanded="" data-accordion-trigger aria-controls="activity-8a28d664-b7fa-11ef-8d6f-6045bd192725-content" id="activity-8a28d664-b7fa-11ef-8d6f-6045bd192725"> Activity <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon-wrapper"> <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-down icon--20"><svg><title>Chevron down</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-down"></use></svg></span> </div> </div> </button> </h3> <p data-accordion-desc class="m-accordion-unity__description f-body">Momentum is growing in applications that are key for reaching net zero but actual final investment decisions are lagging behind </p> </div> <div id="activity-8a28d664-b7fa-11ef-8d6f-6045bd192725-content" class="m-accordion-unity__item" role="region" aria-labelledby="activity-8a28d664-b7fa-11ef-8d6f-6045bd192725" data-accordion-item > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <div data-accordion-content class="m-accordion-unity__content"> <p data-accordion-descmobile class="m-accordion-unity__description f-body" inert hidden>Momentum is growing in applications that are key for reaching net zero but actual final investment decisions are lagging behind </p> <div class="m-accordion-unity__content-body f-rte"> <div class="m-block-wrapper m-block-wrapper--half " data-behavior="blocksReveal" > <div class="container " data-component="blocks:text"> <div class="m-block m-block--text"> <div class="m-block__content f-rte f-rte--block"> <p>Momentum behind CCUS has been growing since around the start of 2018. Since February 2023 project developers have announced ambitions for 115 Mt CO<sub>2 </sub>per year of additional capture capacity 2030.<sup>1</sup></p><p><br class="softbreak"><em>1. Specific CO</em><sub><em>2</em></sub><em> transport and storage related activities and progress are reported in CO</em><sub><em>2</em></sub><em> Transport and Storage.</em></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container " data-component="blocks:charts:full:1"> <div class="m-block m-block--charts m-block--charts-full"> <div class="m-chart-block" data-behavior="chart" data-chart-identifier ="evolution-of-the-co2-capture-project-pipeline-2012-q1-2024" data-chart-download="1" data-chart-downloadcsv="1" data-chart-listing="0" data-chart-permalink="0" data-chart-datasource="0" data-chart-csv=";Operating;Under construction;Advanced development;Concept and feasibility 2012;13;8;21;38 2013;18;8;16;29 2014;19;9;14;19 2015;21;7;11;12 2016;23;7;6;11 2017;25;5;5;12 2018;26;6;4;17 2019;28;5;10;19 2020;28;5;21;39 2021;28;7;71;115 2022;35;12;103;144 2023;40;18;124;218 2024 Q1;46;36;138;294" data-chart-csvfile="" data-chart-year="" data-chart-startyear="" data-chart-endyear="" data-chart-products="" data-chart-countries="" data-chart-flows="" data-chart-series="" data-chart-decimals="0" data-chart-tooltip="1" data-chart-queryparams="" data-chart-xaxisdimension="" data-chart-yaxisdimension="" data-chart-lasthistoricalyear="" data-chart-futurescenariolabel="" data-chart-issingleyear="0" data-chart-charttype="column" data-chart-chartoptions="" data-chart-colorpalette="default" data-chart-credit="IEA. Licence: CC BY 4.0" data-chart-crediturl="https://www.iea.org/terms/creative-commons-cc-licenses" data-chart-units="Number of capture facilities" data-chart-highlights="" data-chart-stacking="normal" data-chart-legendtype="legend" > <header> <h3 class="f-ui-2-bold">Evolution of the CO2 capture project pipeline, 2012-Q1 2024</h3> <span> <a class="a-link-icon a-link-icon--secondary a-link-icon--oneliner" href="/data-and-statistics/charts/evolution-of-the-co2-capture-project-pipeline-2012-q1-2024" target="_self" data-focus-tabbed data-panel-open='' data-behavior='track' data-track-event='ChartsOpen' data-track-eventcategory='Charts' data-track-eventaction='click open chart' data-track-eventlabel='Evolution of the CO2 capture project pipeline, 2012-Q1 2024' > <span>Open</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--expand icon--20"><svg><title>expand</title><use xlink:href="#icon--expand"></use></svg></span> </a> </span> </header> <div class="m-chart-block__container" data-chart-container> <div class="m-chart-block__placeholder"> <span class="a-loader"> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container " data-component="blocks:text"> <div class="m-block m-block--text"> <div class="m-block__content f-rte f-rte--block"> <p>Currently, around 65% of operating CO<sub>2</sub> capture capacity is at natural gas processing plants, one of the lowest-cost CO<sub>2</sub> capture applications, but the widespread adoption of economy-wide decarbonisation targets for 2050 is stimulating the diversification of CO<sub>2</sub> capture applications towards sectors that are key to reaching net zero. These include hard-to-abate industries, the power sector, the production of low-emissions hydrogen and ammonia, and atmospheric carbon dioxide removal. Based on the current project pipeline, by 2030 annual capture capacity from both new construction and retrofits could amount to around 95 Mt CO<sub>2</sub> from hydrogen production, around 90 Mt CO<sub>2</sub> from power generation, around 50 Mt CO<sub>2</sub> from industrial facilities (e.g. cement and steel production), and around 65 Mt CO<sub>2</sub> from DAC plants.</p><p>Announcements are however just the first step: whether all projects materialise continues to be an open question. As of February 2024, capture capacity that is either already in operation or has reached FID still accounts for just 20% of announced capture capacity for 2030. Two-thirds of FIDs taken in 2023 involved these use cases, versus only 40% in 2022. But greater ambition is needed in some sectors – particularly industry, which currently makes up less than 10% of announced capacity. It would need to reach a quarter of all of CO<sub>2</sub> captured by 2030 in the Net Zero Scenario.<br class="softbreak"></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container " data-component="blocks:text"> <div class="m-block m-block--text"> <div class="m-block__content"> <h4 class="m-block__title f-title-5">Plans for CO2 capture facilities are expanding globally</h4> </div> <div class="m-block__content f-rte f-rte--block"> <p>The geographic distribution of CO<sub>2</sub> capture projects in development is diversifying, with projects now being developed in more than 50 countries. Beyond North America and Europe, good progress has also been made in:</p><ul><li><strong>Asia Pacific</strong> (including China), four new capture facility started operations in China in 2023, and planned capture and storage capacity could reach 50 Mt CO<sub>2</sub> and 85 Mt CO<sub>2</sub> per year by 2030, respectively.</li><li>The <strong>Middle East</strong>, where around 15 projects are in development across the region in addition to the three already in operation. In 2023, two CO<sub>2</sub> transport and storage hubs were announced in <a href="https://www.mol.co.jp/en/pr/2023/23147.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Bahrain</a> and in the <a href="https://www.adnoc.ae/en/news-and-media/press-releases/2023/adnoc-announces-world-first-fully-sequestered-co2-injection-project" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">United Arab Emirates</a>, and ADNOC <a href="https://adnocgas.ae/en/news-and-media/press-releases/2023/adnoc-gas-awards-contract-for-one-of-menas-largest-integrated-cc-projects" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">reached a FID</a> on the construction of a 1.5 Mt CO<sub>2</sub> per year capture facility at Habshan-Bab gas plant. <br class="softbreak"></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container " data-component="blocks:charts:full:2"> <div class="m-block m-block--charts m-block--charts--multiple m-block--charts-full"> <div class="m-chart-block" data-behavior="chart" data-chart-identifier ="operating-and-planned-co2-capture-capacity-by-region-q1-2024-vs-2030" data-chart-download="1" data-chart-downloadcsv="1" data-chart-listing="0" data-chart-permalink="0" data-chart-datasource="0" data-chart-csv=";North America;Europe;Asia Pacific;Australia and New Zealand;Central and South America;Middle East;Africa;Eurasia;Unknown Operating (2024 Q1);51.4;5.4;6.9;7.9;21.0;7.4;0.0;0.0;0.0 2030;45.7;27.4;7.7;3.8;2.5;3.8;0.5;0.0;8.7" data-chart-csvfile="" data-chart-year="" data-chart-startyear="" data-chart-endyear="" data-chart-products="" data-chart-countries="" data-chart-flows="" data-chart-series="" data-chart-decimals="0" data-chart-tooltip="1" data-chart-queryparams="" data-chart-xaxisdimension="" data-chart-yaxisdimension="" data-chart-lasthistoricalyear="" data-chart-futurescenariolabel="" data-chart-issingleyear="0" data-chart-charttype="bar" data-chart-chartoptions="{ \"yAxis\": { \"opposite\": true, \"labels\": { \"format\": \"{value}%\" }, \"max\": 100 }, \"plotOptions\": { \"series\": { \"tooltip\": { \"valueSuffix\": \"%\" } } }, \"series\": [{},{},{},{},{},{},{},{},{\"colorIndex\": 99 }] }" data-chart-colorpalette="default" data-chart-credit="IEA. Licence: CC BY 4.0" data-chart-crediturl="https://www.iea.org/terms/creative-commons-cc-licenses" data-chart-units="Share of capacity" data-chart-highlights="" data-chart-stacking="normal" data-chart-legendtype="legend" > <header> <h3 class="f-ui-2-bold">Operating and planned CO2 capture capacity by region, Q1 2024 vs. 2030</h3> <span> <a class="a-link-icon a-link-icon--secondary a-link-icon--oneliner" href="/data-and-statistics/charts/operating-and-planned-co2-capture-capacity-by-region-q1-2024-vs-2030" target="_self" data-focus-tabbed data-panel-open='' data-behavior='track' data-track-event='ChartsOpen' data-track-eventcategory='Charts' data-track-eventaction='click open chart' data-track-eventlabel='Operating and planned CO2 capture capacity by region, Q1 2024 vs. 2030' > <span>Open</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--expand icon--20"><svg><title>expand</title><use xlink:href="#icon--expand"></use></svg></span> </a> </span> </header> <div class="m-chart-block__container" data-chart-container> <div class="m-chart-block__placeholder"> <span class="a-loader"> </span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="m-chart-block" data-behavior="chart" data-chart-identifier ="operating-and-planned-co2-capture-capacity-by-application-q1-2024-vs-2030" data-chart-download="1" data-chart-downloadcsv="1" data-chart-listing="0" data-chart-permalink="0" data-chart-datasource="0" data-chart-csv=";Natural gas processing;Merchant hydrogen/ammonia;Biofuels;Other fuel transformation;Power and heat;Cement;Iron and steel;Other industry;Direct air capture Operating (2024 Q1);65.3;14.9;2.8;1.4;6.3;0.0;1.8;7.5;0.0 2030;17.4;21.7;6.9;7.1;21.0;5.3;1.1;5.1;14.5" data-chart-csvfile="" data-chart-year="" data-chart-startyear="" data-chart-endyear="" data-chart-products="" data-chart-countries="" data-chart-flows="" data-chart-series="" data-chart-decimals="0" data-chart-tooltip="1" data-chart-queryparams="" data-chart-xaxisdimension="" data-chart-yaxisdimension="" data-chart-lasthistoricalyear="" data-chart-futurescenariolabel="" data-chart-issingleyear="0" data-chart-charttype="bar" data-chart-chartoptions="{ \"yAxis\": { \"opposite\": true, \"labels\": { \"format\": \"{value}%\" }, \"max\": 100 }, \"plotOptions\": { \"series\": { \"tooltip\": { \"valueSuffix\": \"%\" } } }, \"xAxis\": {\"type\": \"category\"} }" data-chart-colorpalette="default" data-chart-credit="IEA. Licence: CC BY 4.0" data-chart-crediturl="https://www.iea.org/terms/creative-commons-cc-licenses" data-chart-units="Share of capacity" data-chart-highlights="" data-chart-stacking="normal" data-chart-legendtype="legend" > <header> <h3 class="f-ui-2-bold">Operating and planned CO2 capture capacity by application, Q1 2024 vs. 2030</h3> <span> <a class="a-link-icon a-link-icon--secondary a-link-icon--oneliner" href="/data-and-statistics/charts/operating-and-planned-co2-capture-capacity-by-application-q1-2024-vs-2030" target="_self" data-focus-tabbed data-panel-open='' data-behavior='track' data-track-event='ChartsOpen' data-track-eventcategory='Charts' data-track-eventaction='click open chart' data-track-eventlabel='Operating and planned CO2 capture capacity by application, Q1 2024 vs. 2030' > <span>Open</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--expand icon--20"><svg><title>expand</title><use xlink:href="#icon--expand"></use></svg></span> </a> </span> </header> <div class="m-chart-block__container" data-chart-container> <div class="m-chart-block__placeholder"> <span class="a-loader"> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="m-accordion-unity m-accordion-unity--with-desc" data-behavior="accordion" data-accordion-firstOpen="0" data-accordion-closeBehavior="custom" > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <h3 class="m-accordion-unity__trigger"> <button data-focus-tabbed aria-expanded="" data-accordion-trigger aria-controls="innovation-8a28ec58-b7fa-11ef-a936-6045bd192725-content" id="innovation-8a28ec58-b7fa-11ef-a936-6045bd192725"> Innovation <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon-wrapper"> <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-down icon--20"><svg><title>Chevron down</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-down"></use></svg></span> </div> </div> </button> </h3> <p data-accordion-desc class="m-accordion-unity__description f-body">Promising technological innovations are being demonstrated around the world </p> </div> <div id="innovation-8a28ec58-b7fa-11ef-a936-6045bd192725-content" class="m-accordion-unity__item" role="region" aria-labelledby="innovation-8a28ec58-b7fa-11ef-a936-6045bd192725" data-accordion-item > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <div data-accordion-content class="m-accordion-unity__content"> <p data-accordion-descmobile class="m-accordion-unity__description f-body" inert hidden>Promising technological innovations are being demonstrated around the world </p> <div class="m-accordion-unity__content-body f-rte"> <div class="m-block-wrapper m-block-wrapper--half " data-behavior="blocksReveal" > <div class="container " data-component="blocks:text"> <div class="m-block m-block--text"> <div class="m-block__content f-rte f-rte--block"> <p>Several technological innovations that have been proposed to reduce CCUS costs for power generation are now being tested:</p><ul><li>NET Power’s 50 MW clean energy plant (commissioned in 2018) is a first-of-its-kind natural gas-fired power plant employing <a href="https://netpower.com/technology/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Allam cycle technology</a>, which uses CO<sub>2</sub> as a working fluid in an oxyfuel supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> power cycle, which could significantly reduce capture costs.</li><li><a href="https://www.netzeroteesside.co.uk/project/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Net Zero Teesside Power</a> in the United Kingdom is expected to come online in 2027 and could become one of the first commercial-scale gas-fired power stations with CCUS. The project was named as an investment priority in a UK government announcement in March 2023.</li><li>A large-scale demonstration capture unit was also retrofitted at the Taizhou coal power plant in China, with the capacity to capture 0.5 Mt CO<sub>2</sub> per year.</li></ul><p>While the most advanced and widely adopted <a href="https://www.iea.org/reports/ccus-in-clean-energy-transitions" rel="noopener noreferrer">capture technologies</a> are chemical absorption and physical separation, other separation technologies under development include membranes and looping cycles (such as chemical looping and calcium looping).</p><p>In addition to technology improvements, different trends could further improve the techno-economic performance of CO<sub>2</sub> capture. Examples include <a href="https://akercarboncapture.com/offerings/just-catch/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">modularisation</a> of capture systems within self-contained, plug-in systems (with the potential to reduce land footprint, costs and lead times of capture retrofits across applications) and <a href="https://climate.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2022-12/if_pf_2022_anrav_en.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">hybridisation</a> of different capture technologies within capture systems (to increase capture rates while reducing costs and/or energy penalty).<br class="softbreak"></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container " data-component="blocks:text"> <div class="m-block m-block--text"> <div class="m-block__content"> <h4 class="m-block__title f-title-5">Higher CO2 capture rates are possible and will be needed for net zero systems</h4> </div> <div class="m-block__content f-rte f-rte--block"> <p>Higher CO<sub>2</sub> capture rates will be essential for CCUS to play its role in the transition to a net zero energy system. CCUS-equipped power and industrial plants operating today are designed to capture around 90% of the CO<sub>2</sub> from flue gas. While there are no technical barriers to increasing capture rates beyond 90% for the most mature capture technologies, capture rates of 98% or higher require larger equipment, more process steps and higher energy consumption per tonne of CO<sub>2</sub> captured, which increases unit costs. However, <a href="https://ieaghg.org/publications/technical-reports/reports-list/9-technical-reports/951-2019-02-towards-zero-emissions" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">initial results</a> based on chemical absorption systems applied to power generation plants are promising, showing that CO<sub>2</sub> capture rates as high as 99% can be achieved at comparably low additional marginal cost relative to the cost of deploying 90% capture.<br class="softbreak"></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="m-accordion-unity m-accordion-unity--with-desc" data-behavior="accordion" data-accordion-firstOpen="0" data-accordion-closeBehavior="custom" > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <h3 class="m-accordion-unity__trigger"> <button data-focus-tabbed aria-expanded="" data-accordion-trigger aria-controls="policy-8a37914a-b7fa-11ef-8928-6045bd192725-content" id="policy-8a37914a-b7fa-11ef-8928-6045bd192725"> Policy <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon-wrapper"> <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-down icon--20"><svg><title>Chevron down</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-down"></use></svg></span> </div> </div> </button> </h3> <p data-accordion-desc class="m-accordion-unity__description f-body">Governments focus on public funding, strategic signalling and cross-border collaboration on CCUS </p> </div> <div id="policy-8a37914a-b7fa-11ef-8928-6045bd192725-content" class="m-accordion-unity__item" role="region" aria-labelledby="policy-8a37914a-b7fa-11ef-8928-6045bd192725" data-accordion-item > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <div data-accordion-content class="m-accordion-unity__content"> <p data-accordion-descmobile class="m-accordion-unity__description f-body" inert hidden>Governments focus on public funding, strategic signalling and cross-border collaboration on CCUS </p> <div class="m-accordion-unity__content-body f-rte"> <div class="m-block-wrapper m-block-wrapper--half " data-behavior="blocksReveal" > <div class="container " data-component="blocks:text"> <div class="m-block m-block--text"> <div class="m-block__content f-rte f-rte--block"> <ul><li><strong>Public funding</strong>: Government funding for CCUS continued in 2023 as ongoing subsidy programmes in the United States and Europe made over USD 20 billion available to CCUS projects. This includes the USD 1.7 billion that was made available to carbon capture demonstration projects and the USD 1.2 billion for DAC hubs promised under the 2021 <a href="https://www.iea.org/policies/14982-infrastructure-and-jobs-act-carbon-capture-utilization-and-storage-investment" rel="noopener noreferrer">Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act</a> in the United States. In the Netherlands, the <a href="https://www.iea.org/policies/8643-sustainable-energy-transition-scheme-sde" rel="noopener noreferrer">SDE++ scheme</a> allocated over USD 7.3 billion to CCS projects that will connect to the massive Aramis CO<sub>2</sub> transport and storage network. In Demark, Ørsted received USD 1.2 billion from the <a href="https://www.iea.org/policies/14803-danish-ccus-fund" rel="noopener noreferrer">CCUS Fund</a> for its capture retrofit project on the Asnæs Power Station. On top of individual country-level funding, the European Commission also issued around USD 1.5 billion to CCUS projects in the industry sector under the latest <a href="https://climate.ec.europa.eu/eu-action/eu-funding-climate-action/innovation-fund/calls-proposals/large-scale-calls_en" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Innovation Fund</a> round, and over USD 500 million to CO<sub>2</sub> transport and storage projects under its <a href="https://cinea.ec.europa.eu/programmes/connecting-europe-facility/energy-infrastructure-connecting-europe-facility-0_en" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Connecting Europe Facility</a> programme.</li><li><strong>Strategic signalling</strong>: With renewed recognition of the need to collectively do more on CCUS, 2023 saw the creation of significant new initiatives. Launched at the Major Economies Forum in April 2023, the <a href="https://www.carbonmanagementchallenge.org/cmc/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Carbon Management Challenge</a> features a joint call to action for governments to accelerate the deployment of CCUS technologies. In early 2024, Bahrain became the newest signatory to the Challenge, which includes 20 countries and the European Commission. Several countries have also advanced strategic plans to support CCUS. For example, Canada finalised its <a href="https://natural-resources.canada.ca/climate-change/canadas-green-future/capturing-the-opportunity-carbon-management-strategy-for-canada/canadas-carbon-management-strategy/25337" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Carbon Management Strategy</a> at the end of 2023, while the European Commission released its <a href="https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/qanda_24_586" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Industrial Carbon Management Strategy</a> in early 2024, which sets out a comprehensive policy approach to help the European Union develop at least 50 Mt of capacity by 2030 and 280 Mt by 2040. Other European countries, including <a href="https://www.conseil-national-industrie.gouv.fr/actualites/consultation-sur-la-strategie-nationale-ccus" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">France</a> and <a href="https://www.bmwk.de/Redaktion/DE/Pressemitteilungen/2024/02/20240226-habeck-will-den-einsatz-von-ccs-ermoeglichen.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Germany</a>, are simultaneously developing their own strategies.</li><li><strong>Cross-border collaboration</strong>: In some regions, countries are looking to one another to collaborate on cross-border CCUS projects. Such is the case in the North Sea, where Denmark, Belgium, the Netherlands and Sweden each <a href="https://www.government.nl/latest/news/2024/04/15/five-northern-european-countries-conclude-international-arrange-ments-on-transport-and-storage-of-carbon-across-borders" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">established an arrangement</a> on cross-border transport of CO<sub>2</sub> with Norway in April 2024, making it possible to transport and store CO<sub>2</sub> between the countries. Sweden and Denmark concluded a similar arrangement. In March 2024, Denmark and France <a href="https://en.kefm.dk/news/news-archive/2024/mar/co2-storage-across-borders-denmark-and-france-land-new-international-arrangement-" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">signed a similar arrangement</a>. Such deals are required under the <a href="https://www.club-co2.fr/files/2021/04/IEAGHG-2021-TR02-Exporting-CO2-for-Offshore-Storage-The-London-Protocol-s-Export-Amendment-and-Associated-Guidelines-and-Guidance.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">London Protocol</a>, an international agreement that regulates the cross-border transport of CO<sub>2</sub> for offshore storage. Japan, which is actively progressing on amending the London Protocol, is also pursuing opportunities to export its captured CO<sub>2</sub>, with two of its seven <a href="https://www.meti.go.jp/english/press/2023/0613_001.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">government-supported CCS projects</a> geared to ship CO<sub>2</sub> from Japan to Southeast Asia. To this end, in September 2023 Japan signed a <a href="https://www.meti.go.jp/english/press/2023/1006_002.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">memorandum of co-operation</a> with Malaysia’s national oil company, PETRONAS, on the transboundary transport and storage of CO<sub>2</sub>.<br class="softbreak"></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container " data-component="blocks:relatedLink"> <div class="m-block m-block--links"> <div class="m-block__content"> <div class="m-block__links-highlight"> <p class="m-block__links-description f-body">View all carbon capture, storage and utilisation policies</p> <ul class="m-block__links"> <li><a class="a-link-icon a-link-icon--secondary" href="https://www.iea.org/policies?topic%5B0%5D=Carbon%20Capture%20Utilisation%20and%20Storage" target="_self" data-focus-tabbed > <span>Policies and Measures database (PAMS)</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--circle-arrow icon--20"><svg><title>circle-arrow</title><use xlink:href="#icon--circle-arrow"></use></svg></span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="m-accordion-unity m-accordion-unity--with-desc" data-behavior="accordion" data-accordion-firstOpen="0" data-accordion-closeBehavior="custom" > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <h3 class="m-accordion-unity__trigger"> <button data-focus-tabbed aria-expanded="" data-accordion-trigger aria-controls="acknowledgements-8a37a2c0-b7fa-11ef-8be6-6045bd192725-content" id="acknowledgements-8a37a2c0-b7fa-11ef-8be6-6045bd192725"> Acknowledgements <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon-wrapper"> <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-down icon--20"><svg><title>Chevron down</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-down"></use></svg></span> </div> </div> </button> </h3> <p data-accordion-desc class="m-accordion-unity__description f-body">We would like to thank the following external reviewers: </p> </div> <div id="acknowledgements-8a37a2c0-b7fa-11ef-8be6-6045bd192725-content" class="m-accordion-unity__item" role="region" aria-labelledby="acknowledgements-8a37a2c0-b7fa-11ef-8be6-6045bd192725" data-accordion-item > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <div data-accordion-content class="m-accordion-unity__content"> <p data-accordion-descmobile class="m-accordion-unity__description f-body" inert hidden>We would like to thank the following external reviewers: </p> <div class="m-accordion-unity__content-body f-rte"> <div class="m-block-wrapper m-block-wrapper--half " data-behavior="blocksReveal" > <div class="container " data-component="blocks:text"> <div class="m-block m-block--text"> <div class="m-block__content f-rte f-rte--block"> <ul><li>Abdul'Aziz A. Aliyu, Technology Collaboration Programme on Greenhouse Gas R&D/IEAGHG  </li><li>Keith Burnard, Technology Collaboration Programme on Greenhouse Gas R&D/IEAGHG  </li><li>Tim Dixon, Technology Collaboration Programme on Greenhouse Gas R&D/IEAGHG  </li><li>Nirvasen Moonsamy, Oil and Gas Climate Initiative </li><li>Rachael Moore, CO2 Management Solutions. <br class="softbreak"></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="m-energy-recommendations container"> <header class="m-section-title m-section-title--blue m-section-title--no-spacing m-section-title--y-center" > <h2 class="m-section-title__title f-title-6 " > Recommendations </h2> </header> <ol class="m-energy-recommendations__list"> <li class="m-energy-recommendations__list-item"> <div class="m-accordion m-accordion--energy-recommendation " data-behavior="accordion" data-accordion-firstopen="false" > <h4 class="m-accordion__trigger"> <button type="button" data-focus-tabbed aria-expanded="false" data-accordion-trigger class="f-title-8" id="accordion-232"> <span class="m-accordion__trigger-index" aria-hidden="true">1</span> Co-ordinate and promote the development of CCUS hubs and shared networks <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-down icon--20"><svg><title>Chevron down</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-down"></use></svg></span> </button> </h4> <div class="m-accordion__item" role="region" aria-labelledby="accordion-232" data-accordion-item hidden> <div class="m-accordion__item-content"> <div class="f-rte"> <p>CCUS hubs can spread infrastructure costs between emitters and generate economies of scale to reach emitters that are smaller-scale or further away from identified CO<sub>2</sub> storage sites. Governments can have a key role in the development of hubs by: </p><ul><li>Co-ordinating hub development through <strong>competitive solicitations</strong> that encourage collaboration across multiple sectors (e.g. industrial emitters, power plants). Efforts are already underway in  <a href="https://www.alberta.ca/carbon-capture-utilization-and-storage-hub-development-process.aspx" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Canada</a>, the <a href="https://www.energy.gov/oced/regional-direct-air-capture-hubs" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">United States</a>, and the <a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/the-ten-point-plan-for-a-green-industrial-revolution" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">United Kingdom</a>. </li><li>Ensuring <strong>legal and regulatory frameworks</strong> are designed to account for shared infrastructure networks that allow for non-discriminatory open access and outline cost-sharing requirements.  <br class="softbreak"></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="m-energy-recommendations__list-item"> <div class="m-accordion m-accordion--energy-recommendation " data-behavior="accordion" data-accordion-firstopen="false" > <h4 class="m-accordion__trigger"> <button type="button" data-focus-tabbed aria-expanded="false" data-accordion-trigger class="f-title-8" id="accordion-290"> <span class="m-accordion__trigger-index" aria-hidden="true">2</span> Accelerate lead times for CCUS projects <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-down icon--20"><svg><title>Chevron down</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-down"></use></svg></span> </button> </h4> <div class="m-accordion__item" role="region" aria-labelledby="accordion-290" data-accordion-item hidden> <div class="m-accordion__item-content"> <div class="f-rte"> <p>CCUS projects are large infrastructure endeavours that can take up to ten years to be developed, involving multiple stakeholders and often several regulatory regimes that lengthen the amount of time it takes to start operation. If left unaddressed, long lead times for CCUS can put short-term climate targets at risk, making it more challenging and costly to achieve long-term goals. Governments can accelerate administrative and permitting procedures by: </p><ul><li>Establishing a <strong>clear permit approval timeline</strong> and requirement framework for CCUS projects. </li><li>Designating one regulatory agency as a <strong>one-stop-shop</strong> for all permitting activities that can co-ordinate all the necessary requirements. </li><li>Building <strong>regulatory support capacity</strong> by ensuring regulatory bodies are adequately resourced. It is vital that they are equipped with sufficient funding, staff and expertise to oversee the implementation of CCUS regulations.  <br class="softbreak"></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="m-energy-recommendations__list-item"> <div class="m-accordion m-accordion--energy-recommendation " data-behavior="accordion" data-accordion-firstopen="false" > <h4 class="m-accordion__trigger"> <button type="button" data-focus-tabbed aria-expanded="false" data-accordion-trigger class="f-title-8" id="accordion-31"> <span class="m-accordion__trigger-index" aria-hidden="true">3</span> Implement a portfolio of policies to stimulate investment <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-down icon--20"><svg><title>Chevron down</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-down"></use></svg></span> </button> </h4> <div class="m-accordion__item" role="region" aria-labelledby="accordion-31" data-accordion-item hidden> <div class="m-accordion__item-content"> <div class="f-rte"> <p>Well-targeted policies and a portfolio of measures can help ensure government efforts to support CCUS deployment are effective and successful in the long term. </p><p>Governments can signal their strategic interest in CCUS through the inclusion of CCUS in national energy and climate strategies – for example, the EU Net Zero Industry Act identifies CCUS as a key strategic net zero technology – or in their Nationally Determined Contributions under the Paris Agreement. The creation of <strong>national or regional CCUS targets</strong> can help signal strategic interest. </p><p>Governments can also create an enabling environment for CCUS projects, such as through the establishment of a <strong>carbon pricing system</strong>; <strong>capital</strong> <strong>grants</strong> to reduce up-front costs; <strong>loans</strong> and <strong>loan guarantees</strong> to provide access to debt capital; and <strong>tax credits</strong> to address capital and operating costs. </p><p>Importantly for higher-cost CCUS applications, such as in the power, cement and steel sectors, governments have a range of different policies to spur initial deployment: <strong>R&D funding</strong> to reduce costs; <strong>carbon contracts-for-difference</strong> to provide a predictable revenue stream to operators, and <strong>public procurement programmes for</strong> <strong>low-emission products/fuels </strong>to spark demand. <br class="softbreak"></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="m-energy-recommendations__list-item"> <div class="m-accordion m-accordion--energy-recommendation " data-behavior="accordion" data-accordion-firstopen="false" > <h4 class="m-accordion__trigger"> <button type="button" data-focus-tabbed aria-expanded="false" data-accordion-trigger class="f-title-8" id="accordion-634"> <span class="m-accordion__trigger-index" aria-hidden="true">4</span> Develop business models to support CO2 management and form coalitions to facilitate cross-industry co-ordination <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-down icon--20"><svg><title>Chevron down</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-down"></use></svg></span> </button> </h4> <div class="m-accordion__item" role="region" aria-labelledby="accordion-634" data-accordion-item hidden> <div class="m-accordion__item-content"> <div class="f-rte"> <p>New business models and deployment approaches for CO<sub>2</sub> management <a href="https://www.iea.org/commentaries/how-new-business-models-are-boosting-momentum-on-ccus" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">are emerging and can facilitate rapid CCUS scale-up</a>. These include: building multi-user CO<sub>2</sub> management infrastructure; developing “as-a-service” business models for CO<sub>2</sub> capture, transport and storage wherein each part of the chain is offered as third-party operated services; and exploiting <a href="http://www.iea.org/energy-system/carbon-capture-utilisation-and-storage/co2-capture-and-utilisation#tracking" rel="noopener noreferrer">new and existing options for CO<sub>2</sub> use</a> to provide a revenue stream to CCUS facilities.  </p><p>Moving from full-chain to part-chain projects will require much higher levels of cross-industry co-ordination, especially as interest in CCUS hubs grows. In addition to working closely with governments, the private sector can establish <strong>industry consortia or coalitions</strong> to facilitate co-ordination on ensuring the efficient build-out of hubs. <br class="softbreak"></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ol> <div class="m-energy-recommendations__footer"> <p class="f-ui-1 ">Last update on 25 April 2024</p> <a class="a-link a-link--tertiary " href="#" data-focus-tabbed data-behavior='modal' data-modal='recommendations-authors' role='button' > <span class="a-link__label">Authors and contributors</span></a> </div> </section> </div> <div id="programmes" data-tab-anchor="programmes"> <div class="container"> <header class="m-section-title m-section-title--blue" > <h2 class="m-section-title__title f-title-6 " > Programmes and partnerships </h2> </header> <div class="m-slider m-slider--mobile-nav m-slider--program" data-behavior="slider" data-inViewport-item> <div class="container"> <div class="m-slider__container"> <div class="m-slider__list" data-slider-list role="list"> <div role="listitem" class="m-slider__item"> <a href="https://ieaghg.org/" class="m-card-program"> <h3 class="m-card-program__title f-title-9">Greenhouse Gas R&D (GHG TCP)</h3> <p class="m-card-program__desc f-ui-1">Founded in 1991, the remit of the GHG TCP is to evaluate options and assess the progress of carbon capture and storage, and other technologies that can reduce greenhouse gas emissions derived from the use of fossil fuels, biomass and waste. The aim of the TCP is to help accelerate energy technology innovation by ensuring that stakeholders from both the public and private sectors share knowledge, work collaboratively and, where appropriate, pool resources to deliver integrated and cost-effective solutions.</p> <span class="m-card-program__tag f-ui-3">Technology Collaboration Programme (TCP)</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="page__section"> <div class="m-animation-reveal" data-behavior="animationReveal" > <div class="m-must-read-data container "> <div class="m-must-read-data__content"> <div class="m-must-read-data__col"> <h3 class="m-must-read-data__title">A worldwide database of CCUS projects</h3> <p class="m-must-read-data__desc"> Explore the IEA's database of carbon capture, utilisation and storage projects. The database covers all CCUS projects commissioned since the 1970s with an announced capacity of more than 100 000 t per year (or 1 000 t per year for direct air capture facilities) and a clear scope for reducing emissions.</p> <div class="m-must-read-data__links"> <div class="m-must-read-data__link"> <a class="a-button-rounded a-button-rounded--accent" href="/data-and-statistics/data-tools/ccus-projects-explorer" data-focus-tabbed > <span class="a-button-rounded__label">Use data explorer</span> </a> </div> <div class="m-must-read-data__link"> <a class="a-button-rounded a-button-rounded--strong" href="/data-and-statistics/data-product/ccus-projects-database" data-focus-tabbed > <span class="a-button-rounded__label">Get data</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="m-must-read-data__col-icon"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--data-explorer icon--99"><svg><title>card data set</title><use xlink:href="#icon--data-explorer"></use></svg></span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <footer class="g-footer"> <div class="g-footer-section"> <div class="container"> <section class="m-related-content container" data-behavior="slider" data-slider-related-content> <header class="m-section-title m-section-title--" > <h2 class="m-section-title__title f-title-6 " > Related content </h2> <div class="m-section-title__link"> <div class="m-related-content__hero"> <ul class="m-slider__filter" data-slider-filterbar> <button class="a-button a-button--anchor-strong s-active" type="button" data-focus-tabbed data-slider-filter='' > <span class="a-button__label">All</span></button> <button class="a-button a-button--anchor-strong" type="button" data-focus-tabbed data-slider-filter='datatool' > <span class="a-button__label">Data</span></button> <button class="a-button a-button--anchor-strong" type="button" data-focus-tabbed data-slider-filter='report' > <span class="a-button__label">Reports</span></button> <button class="a-button a-button--anchor-strong" type="button" 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data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="m-card__title">ETP Clean Energy Technology Guide</h2> <p class="m-card__desc">Interactive database of nearly 600 individual technology designs and components across the whole energy system that contribute to achieving the goal of net-zero emissions</p> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <p class="m-card__type m-card__type--data">Data explorer</p> </div> <div class="m-card__icon"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--data-explorer icon--99"><svg><title>card data set</title><use xlink:href="#icon--data-explorer"></use></svg></span> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="m-slider__item m-related-content__item" data-slider-filter-cell="" data-slider-type="datatool" > <a class="m-card m-card--data-explorer" href="/data-and-statistics/data-tools/clean-energy-demonstration-projects-database" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="m-card__title">Clean Energy Demonstration Projects Database</h2> <p class="m-card__desc">The most comprehensive database of clean energy technology demonstrators</p> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <p class="m-card__type m-card__type--data">Data explorer</p> </div> <div class="m-card__icon"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--data-explorer icon--99"><svg><title>card data set</title><use xlink:href="#icon--data-explorer"></use></svg></span> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="m-slider__item m-related-content__item" data-slider-filter-cell="" data-slider-type="news" > <a class="m-card m-card-- m-card--report-" href="/commentaries/it-is-time-for-ccus-to-deliver" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">It is time for CCUS to deliver</h2> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <div class="m-card__authors"> <span class="m-author-avatars__imgs"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/90a64c6b-9538-47a3-9074-bae4caf957b7/FAJARDY_Mathilde_2.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=532%2C46%2C1401%2C1400&w=60&h=60&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" width="40" height="40" alt="Mathilde Fajardy" /> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/dc4ecf5d-02bb-4809-8906-ef2ab3dff8bb/Greenfieldheadshot.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C2420%2C2418&w=60&h=60&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" width="40" height="40" alt="Carl Greenfield" /> </span> </div> <p class="m-card__type"> Commentary — 15 March 2024 </p> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="m-slider__item m-related-content__item" data-slider-filter-cell="" data-slider-type="datatool" > <a class="m-card m-card--data-explorer" href="/data-and-statistics/data-tools/ccus-projects-explorer" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="m-card__title">CCUS Projects Explorer</h2> <p class="m-card__desc">Covers all large-scale CO2 capture, transport, storage, and utilisation projects commissioned or in planning worldwide.</p> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <p class="m-card__type m-card__type--data">Data explorer</p> </div> <div class="m-card__icon"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--data-explorer icon--99"><svg><title>card data set</title><use xlink:href="#icon--data-explorer"></use></svg></span> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="m-slider__item m-related-content__item" data-slider-filter-cell="" data-slider-type="news" > <a class="m-card m-card-- m-card--report-" href="/news/new-policy-and-business-approaches-are-needed-to-support-scaling-up-of-ccus-to-help-reach-net-zero-goals" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">New policy and business approaches are needed to support scaling up of CCUS to help reach net zero goals</h2> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <p class="m-card__type"> News — 27 November 2023 </p> </div> </div> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/c1231332-3420-4d48-b6f2-e96a38bf5f35/CCUSPoliciesandBusinessModels-shutterstock_697121830.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C3983%2C2242&w=348&h=196&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/c1231332-3420-4d48-b6f2-e96a38bf5f35/CCUSPoliciesandBusinessModels-shutterstock_697121830.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C3983%2C2242&w=288&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=162 288w,https://iea.imgix.net/c1231332-3420-4d48-b6f2-e96a38bf5f35/CCUSPoliciesandBusinessModels-shutterstock_697121830.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C3983%2C2242&w=576&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=324 576w,https://iea.imgix.net/c1231332-3420-4d48-b6f2-e96a38bf5f35/CCUSPoliciesandBusinessModels-shutterstock_697121830.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C3983%2C2242&w=324&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=182 324w,https://iea.imgix.net/c1231332-3420-4d48-b6f2-e96a38bf5f35/CCUSPoliciesandBusinessModels-shutterstock_697121830.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C3983%2C2242&w=648&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=365 648w,https://iea.imgix.net/c1231332-3420-4d48-b6f2-e96a38bf5f35/CCUSPoliciesandBusinessModels-shutterstock_697121830.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C3983%2C2242&w=348&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=196 348w,https://iea.imgix.net/c1231332-3420-4d48-b6f2-e96a38bf5f35/CCUSPoliciesandBusinessModels-shutterstock_697121830.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C3983%2C2242&w=696&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=392 696w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 288px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 324px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 348px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 348px,(min-width: 1480px) 348px" alt="Photo depicts an aerial view oil tanker ship at the port, Import export business logistic and transportation by tanker ship." class="m-card__image" /> </a> </div> <div class="m-slider__item m-related-content__item" data-slider-filter-cell="" data-slider-type="report" > <a class="m-card m-card--report-flagship m-card--report-flagship m-card--report-default" href="/reports/tracking-clean-energy-progress-2023" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__background"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/ef102ead-56b8-4d4e-9074-fdc430f01d31/mitchell-griest-MbG0QHEfqqQ-unsplash1.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C2081%2C2832&w=348&h=474&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/ef102ead-56b8-4d4e-9074-fdc430f01d31/mitchell-griest-MbG0QHEfqqQ-unsplash1.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C2081%2C2832&w=288&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=392 288w,https://iea.imgix.net/ef102ead-56b8-4d4e-9074-fdc430f01d31/mitchell-griest-MbG0QHEfqqQ-unsplash1.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C2081%2C2832&w=576&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=784 576w,https://iea.imgix.net/ef102ead-56b8-4d4e-9074-fdc430f01d31/mitchell-griest-MbG0QHEfqqQ-unsplash1.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C2081%2C2832&w=324&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=441 324w,https://iea.imgix.net/ef102ead-56b8-4d4e-9074-fdc430f01d31/mitchell-griest-MbG0QHEfqqQ-unsplash1.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C2081%2C2832&w=648&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=882 648w,https://iea.imgix.net/ef102ead-56b8-4d4e-9074-fdc430f01d31/mitchell-griest-MbG0QHEfqqQ-unsplash1.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C2081%2C2832&w=348&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=474 348w,https://iea.imgix.net/ef102ead-56b8-4d4e-9074-fdc430f01d31/mitchell-griest-MbG0QHEfqqQ-unsplash1.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C2081%2C2832&w=696&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=947 696w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 288px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 324px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 348px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 348px,(min-width: 1480px) 348px" alt="TCEP" class="" /> </div> <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">Tracking Clean Energy Progress 2023</h2> <p class="f-ui-1 m-card__desc">Assessing critical energy technologies for global clean energy transitions</p> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <p class="m-card__type"> Flagship report — July 2023 </p> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="m-slider__item m-related-content__item" data-slider-filter-cell="" data-slider-type="news" > <a class="m-card m-card-- m-card--report-" href="/commentaries/unlocking-the-potential-of-direct-air-capture-is-scaling-up-through-carbon-markets-possible" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">Unlocking the potential of direct air capture: Is scaling up through carbon markets possible?</h2> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <div class="m-card__authors"> <span class="m-author-avatars__imgs"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/93f418de-9132-4233-b297-a108ec72b0b4/BUDINIS_profilepic_Feb2020.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C53%2C1090%2C1091&w=60&h=60&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" width="40" height="40" alt="Sara Budinis" /> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/16b8f3f4-f845-4034-9af0-3bfacebf98cc/LucaLoRe.jpeg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=91%2C47%2C291%2C291&w=60&h=60&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" width="40" height="40" alt="Luca Lo Re" /> </span> </div> <p class="m-card__type"> Commentary — 11 May 2023 </p> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="m-slider__item m-related-content__item" data-slider-filter-cell="" data-slider-type="news" > <a class="m-card m-card-- m-card--report-" href="/commentaries/how-new-business-models-are-boosting-momentum-on-ccus" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">How new business models are boosting momentum on CCUS</h2> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <div class="m-card__authors"> <span class="m-author-avatars__imgs"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/90a64c6b-9538-47a3-9074-bae4caf957b7/FAJARDY_Mathilde_2.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=532%2C46%2C1401%2C1400&w=60&h=60&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" width="40" height="40" alt="Mathilde Fajardy" /> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/dc4ecf5d-02bb-4809-8906-ef2ab3dff8bb/Greenfieldheadshot.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C2420%2C2418&w=60&h=60&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" width="40" height="40" alt="Carl Greenfield" /> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/677eb837-0ae8-4dcf-bdd8-a88cf942eea2/Headshot_Moore_Rachael.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C260%2C2048%2C2045&w=60&h=60&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" width="40" height="40" alt="Rachael Moore" /> </span> </div> <p class="m-card__type"> Commentary — 24 March 2023 </p> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="m-slider__item m-related-content__item" data-slider-filter-cell="" data-slider-type="report" > <a class="m-card m-card-- m-card--report-technology m-card--report-default" href="/reports/opportunities-for-hydrogen-production-with-ccus-in-china" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">Opportunities for Hydrogen Production with CCUS in China</h2> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <p class="m-card__type"> Technology report — November 2022 </p> </div> </div> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/eca3469b-3626-4fc1-a044-e0d93735b894/shutterstock_2164013003.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=2807%2C0%2C6034%2C4023&w=348&h=196&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/eca3469b-3626-4fc1-a044-e0d93735b894/shutterstock_2164013003.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=2807%2C0%2C6034%2C4023&w=288&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=162 288w,https://iea.imgix.net/eca3469b-3626-4fc1-a044-e0d93735b894/shutterstock_2164013003.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=2807%2C0%2C6034%2C4023&w=576&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=324 576w,https://iea.imgix.net/eca3469b-3626-4fc1-a044-e0d93735b894/shutterstock_2164013003.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=2807%2C0%2C6034%2C4023&w=324&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=182 324w,https://iea.imgix.net/eca3469b-3626-4fc1-a044-e0d93735b894/shutterstock_2164013003.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=2807%2C0%2C6034%2C4023&w=648&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=365 648w,https://iea.imgix.net/eca3469b-3626-4fc1-a044-e0d93735b894/shutterstock_2164013003.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=2807%2C0%2C6034%2C4023&w=348&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=196 348w,https://iea.imgix.net/eca3469b-3626-4fc1-a044-e0d93735b894/shutterstock_2164013003.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=2807%2C0%2C6034%2C4023&w=696&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=392 696w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 288px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 324px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 348px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 348px,(min-width: 1480px) 348px" alt="Opportunities for Hydrogen Production with CCUS in China cover image_A picture of Haikou Port Container Terminal Aerial View, The Main Transportation Hub for Hainan Free Trade Zone of China" class="m-card__image" /> </a> </div> <div class="m-slider__item m-related-content__item" data-slider-filter-cell="" data-slider-type="report" > <a class="m-card m-card-- m-card--report-technology m-card--report-default" href="/reports/legal-and-regulatory-frameworks-for-ccus" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">Legal and Regulatory Frameworks for CCUS</h2> <p class="f-ui-1 m-card__desc">An IEA CCUS Handbook</p> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <p class="m-card__type"> Technology report — July 2022 </p> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="m-slider__item m-related-content__item" data-slider-filter-cell="" data-slider-type="datatool" > <a class="m-card m-card--data-explorer" href="/data-and-statistics/data-tools/ccus-legal-and-regulatory-database" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="m-card__title">CCUS Legal and Regulatory Database</h2> <p class="m-card__desc">Database of laws and regulations that support a framework for CCUS development</p> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <p class="m-card__type m-card__type--data">Data explorer</p> </div> <div class="m-card__icon"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--data-explorer icon--99"><svg><title>card data set</title><use xlink:href="#icon--data-explorer"></use></svg></span> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="m-slider__item m-related-content__item" data-slider-filter-cell="" data-slider-type="news" > <a class="m-card m-card-- m-card--report-" href="/commentaries/carbon-capture-in-2021-off-and-running-or-another-false-start" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">Carbon capture in 2021: Off and running or another false start?</h2> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <div class="m-card__authors"> <span class="m-author-avatars__imgs"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/7b4cccd2-453b-41fc-90e2-c7403748bea8/MCCULLOCHSamantha.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C360%2C360&w=60&h=60&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" width="40" height="40" alt="Samantha McCulloch" /> </span> </div> <p class="m-card__type"> Commentary — 24 November 2021 </p> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="m-slider__item m-related-content__item" data-slider-filter-cell="" data-slider-type="report" > <a class="m-card m-card-- m-card--report-technology m-card--report-default" href="/reports/ccus-around-the-world-in-2021" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">CCUS around the world in 2021</h2> <p class="f-ui-1 m-card__desc">Featured pilot, demonstration, and early stage projects</p> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <p class="m-card__type"> Technology report — April 2021 </p> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="m-slider__item m-related-content__item" data-slider-filter-cell="" data-slider-type="report" > <a class="m-card m-card-- m-card--report-technology m-card--report-default" href="/reports/about-ccus" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">About CCUS</h2> <p class="f-ui-1 m-card__desc">Playing an important and diverse role in meeting global energy and climate goals</p> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <p class="m-card__type"> Technology report — April 2021 </p> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="m-slider__item m-related-content__item" data-slider-filter-cell="" data-slider-type="news" > <a class="m-card m-card-- m-card--report-" href="/commentaries/is-carbon-capture-too-expensive" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">Is carbon capture too expensive?</h2> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <div class="m-card__authors"> <span class="m-author-avatars__imgs"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/47393ed0-697e-479d-95ef-f77d2c98fbac/AdamBaylin-Stern.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C400%2C400&w=60&h=60&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" width="40" height="40" alt="Adam Baylin-Stern" /> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/8987d4ea-78ed-4f49-8071-ab495d3fb89c/NielsBerghout.JPG?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C93%2C2855%2C2861&w=60&h=60&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" width="40" height="40" alt="Niels Berghout" /> </span> </div> <p class="m-card__type"> Commentary — 17 February 2021 </p> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="m-slider__item m-related-content__item" data-slider-filter-cell="" data-slider-type="report" > <a class="m-card m-card--report-flagship m-card--report-flagship m-card--report-default" href="/reports/ccus-in-clean-energy-transitions" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__background"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/fb8881ee-2fe4-4298-bb87-ef0e02564be9/GettyImages-646788346-extended--dark-magenta.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=3440%2C207%2C2996%2C4072&w=348&h=473&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/fb8881ee-2fe4-4298-bb87-ef0e02564be9/GettyImages-646788346-extended--dark-magenta.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=3440%2C207%2C2996%2C4072&w=288&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=391 288w,https://iea.imgix.net/fb8881ee-2fe4-4298-bb87-ef0e02564be9/GettyImages-646788346-extended--dark-magenta.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=3440%2C207%2C2996%2C4072&w=576&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=783 576w,https://iea.imgix.net/fb8881ee-2fe4-4298-bb87-ef0e02564be9/GettyImages-646788346-extended--dark-magenta.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=3440%2C207%2C2996%2C4072&w=324&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=440 324w,https://iea.imgix.net/fb8881ee-2fe4-4298-bb87-ef0e02564be9/GettyImages-646788346-extended--dark-magenta.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=3440%2C207%2C2996%2C4072&w=648&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=881 648w,https://iea.imgix.net/fb8881ee-2fe4-4298-bb87-ef0e02564be9/GettyImages-646788346-extended--dark-magenta.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=3440%2C207%2C2996%2C4072&w=348&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=473 348w,https://iea.imgix.net/fb8881ee-2fe4-4298-bb87-ef0e02564be9/GettyImages-646788346-extended--dark-magenta.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=3440%2C207%2C2996%2C4072&w=696&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=946 696w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 288px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 324px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 348px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 348px,(min-width: 1480px) 348px" alt="ETP" class="" /> </div> <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">CCUS in Clean Energy Transitions</h2> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <p class="m-card__type"> Flagship report — September 2020 </p> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="m-slider__item m-related-content__item" data-slider-filter-cell="" data-slider-type="news" > <a class="m-card m-card-- m-card--report-" href="/news/the-world-needs-to-build-on-the-growing-momentum-behind-carbon-capture" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">The world needs to build on the growing momentum behind carbon capture</h2> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <p class="m-card__type"> Press release — 24 September 2020 </p> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="m-slider__item m-related-content__item" data-slider-filter-cell="" data-slider-type="report" > <a class="m-card m-card-- m-card--report-technology m-card--report-default" href="/reports/the-role-of-ccus-in-low-carbon-power-systems" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">The role of CCUS in low-carbon power systems</h2> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <p class="m-card__type"> Technology report — July 2020 </p> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="m-slider__item m-related-content__item" data-slider-filter-cell="" data-slider-type="news" > <a class="m-card m-card-- m-card--report-" href="/news/iea-workshop-highlights-crucial-role-of-carbon-capture-technologies-for-clean-energy-transitions" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">IEA workshop highlights crucial role of carbon capture technologies for clean energy transitions</h2> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <p class="m-card__type"> News — 05 February 2020 </p> </div> </div> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/099c9632-51c5-445f-b4e0-942aabd583e5/DrFatihBirol%2CtheIEAsExecutiveDirector%2Chighlightedthecriticalimportanceofcarboncaptureasheopenedtheworkshop.JPG?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C223%2C4240%2C2385&w=348&h=196&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/099c9632-51c5-445f-b4e0-942aabd583e5/DrFatihBirol%2CtheIEAsExecutiveDirector%2Chighlightedthecriticalimportanceofcarboncaptureasheopenedtheworkshop.JPG?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C223%2C4240%2C2385&w=288&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=162 288w,https://iea.imgix.net/099c9632-51c5-445f-b4e0-942aabd583e5/DrFatihBirol%2CtheIEAsExecutiveDirector%2Chighlightedthecriticalimportanceofcarboncaptureasheopenedtheworkshop.JPG?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C223%2C4240%2C2385&w=576&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=324 576w,https://iea.imgix.net/099c9632-51c5-445f-b4e0-942aabd583e5/DrFatihBirol%2CtheIEAsExecutiveDirector%2Chighlightedthecriticalimportanceofcarboncaptureasheopenedtheworkshop.JPG?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C223%2C4240%2C2385&w=324&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=182 324w,https://iea.imgix.net/099c9632-51c5-445f-b4e0-942aabd583e5/DrFatihBirol%2CtheIEAsExecutiveDirector%2Chighlightedthecriticalimportanceofcarboncaptureasheopenedtheworkshop.JPG?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C223%2C4240%2C2385&w=648&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=365 648w,https://iea.imgix.net/099c9632-51c5-445f-b4e0-942aabd583e5/DrFatihBirol%2CtheIEAsExecutiveDirector%2Chighlightedthecriticalimportanceofcarboncaptureasheopenedtheworkshop.JPG?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C223%2C4240%2C2385&w=348&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=196 348w,https://iea.imgix.net/099c9632-51c5-445f-b4e0-942aabd583e5/DrFatihBirol%2CtheIEAsExecutiveDirector%2Chighlightedthecriticalimportanceofcarboncaptureasheopenedtheworkshop.JPG?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C223%2C4240%2C2385&w=696&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=392 696w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 288px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 324px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 348px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 348px,(min-width: 1480px) 348px" alt="Dr Fatih Birol, the IEA’s Executive Director, highlighted the critical importance of carbon capture as he opened the workshop." class="m-card__image" /> </a> </div> <div class="m-slider__item m-related-content__item" data-slider-filter-cell="" data-slider-type="news" > <a class="m-card m-card-- m-card--report-" href="/news/carbon-capture-technologies-ready-to-make-major-contribution-to-climate-goals" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">Carbon capture technologies ready to make major contribution to climate goals</h2> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <p class="m-card__type"> News — 05 December 2019 </p> </div> </div> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/f3acac25-69be-43fa-b308-7d27812357b7/image1-3.jpeg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C162%2C1548%2C868&w=348&h=196&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/f3acac25-69be-43fa-b308-7d27812357b7/image1-3.jpeg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C162%2C1548%2C868&w=288&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=162 288w,https://iea.imgix.net/f3acac25-69be-43fa-b308-7d27812357b7/image1-3.jpeg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C162%2C1548%2C868&w=576&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=324 576w,https://iea.imgix.net/f3acac25-69be-43fa-b308-7d27812357b7/image1-3.jpeg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C162%2C1548%2C868&w=324&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=182 324w,https://iea.imgix.net/f3acac25-69be-43fa-b308-7d27812357b7/image1-3.jpeg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C162%2C1548%2C868&w=648&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=365 648w,https://iea.imgix.net/f3acac25-69be-43fa-b308-7d27812357b7/image1-3.jpeg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C162%2C1548%2C868&w=348&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=196 348w,https://iea.imgix.net/f3acac25-69be-43fa-b308-7d27812357b7/image1-3.jpeg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C162%2C1548%2C868&w=696&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=392 696w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 288px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 324px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 348px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 348px,(min-width: 1480px) 348px" alt="Event participants at the table" class="m-card__image" /> </a> </div> <div class="m-slider__item m-related-content__item" data-slider-filter-cell="" data-slider-type="report" > <a class="m-card m-card-- m-card--report-technology 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324w,https://iea.imgix.net/f6986041-a2a4-4e33-a6a2-68deeeb3d912/IEAandUKkick-startanewglobaleraforCCUS18128.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C1000%2C563&w=648&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=365 648w,https://iea.imgix.net/f6986041-a2a4-4e33-a6a2-68deeeb3d912/IEAandUKkick-startanewglobaleraforCCUS18128.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C1000%2C563&w=348&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=196 348w,https://iea.imgix.net/f6986041-a2a4-4e33-a6a2-68deeeb3d912/IEAandUKkick-startanewglobaleraforCCUS18128.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C1000%2C563&w=696&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=392 696w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 288px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 324px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 348px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 348px,(min-width: 1480px) 348px" alt="IEA And UK group photo" class="m-card__image" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="a-slider-nav a-slider-nav--slider 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