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School of Economics</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Norwegian School of Economics"> <meta name="keywords" content="Norwegian School of Economics"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Norwegian School of Economics"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 3762</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Norwegian School of Economics</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3762</span> The Coauthorship Network Analysis of the Norwegian School of Economics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ivan%20Belik">Ivan Belik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kurt%20Jornsten"> Kurt Jornsten</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We construct the coauthorship network based on the scientific collaboration between the faculty members at the Norwegian School of Economics (NHH) and based on their international academic publication experience. The network structure is based on the NHH faculties’ publications recognized by the ISI Web of Science for the period 1950 – Spring, 2014. The given network covers the publication activities of the NHH faculty members (over six departments) based on the information retrieved from the ISI Web of Science in Spring, 2014. In this paper we analyse the constructed coauthorship network in different aspects of the theory of social networks analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coauthorship%20networks" title="coauthorship networks">coauthorship networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20networks%20analysis" title=" social networks analysis"> social networks analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norwegian%20School%20of%20Economics" title=" Norwegian School of Economics"> Norwegian School of Economics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ISI" title=" ISI"> ISI</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15216/the-coauthorship-network-analysis-of-the-norwegian-school-of-economics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15216.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">432</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3761</span> Adolescent Social Anxiety, School Satisfaction, and School Absenteeism; Findings from Young-HUNT3 and Norwegian National Education Data</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malik%20D.%20Halidu">Malik D. Halidu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cathrine%20F.%20Moe"> Cathrine F. Moe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tommy%20Haugan"> Tommy Haugan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: The demand for effective school-based interventions in shaping adolescents' unmet mental health needs is growing. Grounding in the functional contextualism approach, this study investigates the role of school satisfaction (SS) in serving as a buffer to school absenteeism (SAB) among adolescents experiencing social anxiety (SA). Methods: A unique and large population-based sample of adolescents (upper secondary school pupils; n= 1864) from the Young-HUNT 3 survey dataset merged with the national educational registry from Norway. Moderation regression analysis was performed using Stata 17. Results: We find a statistically significant moderating role of school satisfaction on the relationship between social anxiety and school absenteeism (β=-0.109,p<0.01) among upper secondary school pupils. Among socially anxious adolescents associated with a higher perceived quality of school life, it functions as a buffer by reducing the positive relationship between SA and SAB. But, there was no statistically significant difference between social anxiety and school absenteeism for adolescents with low school satisfaction. Conclusion: Overall, the study's hypothesis model was statistically supported and contributes to the discourse that school satisfaction as a target of school-based interventions can effectively improve school outcomes (e.g., reduced absenteeism) among socially anxious pupils. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20anxiety" title="social anxiety">social anxiety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=school%20satisfaction" title=" school satisfaction"> school satisfaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=school%20absenteeism" title=" school absenteeism"> school absenteeism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norwegian%20adolescent" title=" Norwegian adolescent"> Norwegian adolescent</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168077/adolescent-social-anxiety-school-satisfaction-and-school-absenteeism-findings-from-young-hunt3-and-norwegian-national-education-data" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168077.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">89</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3760</span> Governmentality and the Norwegian Knowledge Promotion Reform</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christin%20T%C3%B8nseth">Christin Tønseth</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Norwegian ‘knowledge promotion reform’ was implemented in elementary schools and upper secondary schools in 2006. The goal of the reform was that all pupils should develop basic skills and competencies in order to take an active part in the knowledge society. This paper discusses how governmentality as a management principle is demonstrated through the Norwegian ‘knowledge promotion reform’. Evaluation reports and political documents are the basis for the discussion. The ‘knowledge promotion reform’ was including quality assurance for schools, teachers, and students and the authorities retained control by using curricula and national tests. The reform promoted several intentions that were not reached. In light of governmentality, it seemed that thoughts and intentions by the authorities differed from those in the world of practice. The quality assurances did not motivate the practitioners to be self-governing. The relationship between the authorities and the implementation actors was weak, and the reform was, therefore, difficult to implement in practice. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=governance" title="governance">governance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=governmentality" title=" governmentality"> governmentality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20Norwegian%20knowledge%20promotion%20reform" title=" the Norwegian knowledge promotion reform"> the Norwegian knowledge promotion reform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education" title=" education"> education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=politics" title=" politics"> politics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99512/governmentality-and-the-norwegian-knowledge-promotion-reform" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99512.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">165</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3759</span> Access to Apprenticeships and the Impact of Individual and School Level Characteristics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marianne%20D%C3%A6hlen">Marianne Dæhlen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Periods of apprenticeships are characteristic of many vocational educational training (VET) systems. In many countries, becoming a skilled worker implies that the journey starts with an application for apprenticeships at a company or another relevant training establishment. In Norway, where this study is conducted, VET students start their journey with two years of school-based training before applying for two years of apprenticeship. Previous research has shown that access to apprenticeships differs by family background (socio-economic, immigrant, etc.), gender, school grades, and region. The question we raise in this study is whether the status, reputation, or position of the vocational school contributes to VET students’ access to apprenticeships. Data and methods: Register data containing information about schools’ and VET students’ characteristics will be analyzed in multilevel regression analyses. At the school level, the data will contain information on school size, shares of immigrants and/or share of male/female students, and grade requirements for admission. At the VET-student level, the register contains information on e.g., gender, school grades, educational program/trade, obtaining apprenticeship or not. The data set comprises about 3,000 students. Results: The register data is expected to be received in November 2024 and consequently, any results are not present at the point of this call. The planned article is part of a larger research project granted from the Norwegian Research Council and will, accordingly to the plan, start up in December 2024. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=apprenticeships" title="apprenticeships">apprenticeships</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VET-students%E2%80%99%20characteristics" title=" VET-students’ characteristics"> VET-students’ characteristics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vocational%20schools" title=" vocational schools"> vocational schools</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantitative%20methods" title=" quantitative methods"> quantitative methods</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193291/access-to-apprenticeships-and-the-impact-of-individual-and-school-level-characteristics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193291.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">9</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3758</span> Patterns of Gear Substitution in Norwegian Trawl Fishery</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tannaz%20Alizadeh%20Ashrafi">Tannaz Alizadeh Ashrafi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Seasonal variability in biological and ecological factors together with relevant socio-economic determinants affect the choice of fishing gear, frequency of its usage and decision about gear conversion under multi-species situation. In order to deal with the complex dynamics of fisheries, fishers, constantly, have to make decisions about how long to fish, when to go fishing, what species to target, and which gear to deploy. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to examine the dynamics of gear/ species combination in Norwegian fishery. A comprehensive vessel-level set of data for the main economically important species including: cod, haddock, saithe, shrimp and mixed catch have been obtained from the Norwegian Directorate of Fisheries covering the daily data in 2010. The present study further analyzes the level of flexibility and rationality of the fishers operating in the trawl fishery. The results show the disproportion between intention of the trawl fishers to maximize profitability of each fishing trip and their harvesting behavior in reality. Discussion is based on so-called maximizing behavior. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trawl%20fishery" title="trawl fishery">trawl fishery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gear%20substitution" title=" gear substitution"> gear substitution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rationality" title=" rationality"> rationality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=profit%20maximizing%20behavior" title=" profit maximizing behavior"> profit maximizing behavior</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76957/patterns-of-gear-substitution-in-norwegian-trawl-fishery" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76957.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">276</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3757</span> Time Compression in Engineer-to-Order Industry: A Case Study of a Norwegian Shipbuilding Industry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tarek%20Fatouh">Tarek Fatouh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chehab%20Elbelehy"> Chehab Elbelehy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alaa%20Abdelsalam"> Alaa Abdelsalam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eman%20Elakkad"> Eman Elakkad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alaa%20Abdelshafie"> Alaa Abdelshafie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper aims to explore the possibility of time compression in Engineer to Order production networks. A case study research method is used in a Norwegian shipbuilding project by implementing a value stream mapping lean tool with total cycle time as a unit of analysis. The analysis resulted in demonstrating the time deviations for the planned tasks in one of the processes in the shipbuilding project. So, authors developed a future state map by removing time wastes from value stream process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engineer%20to%20order" title="engineer to order">engineer to order</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=total%20cycle%20time" title=" total cycle time"> total cycle time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=value%20stream%20mapping" title=" value stream mapping"> value stream mapping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shipbuilding" title=" shipbuilding"> shipbuilding</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130840/time-compression-in-engineer-to-order-industry-a-case-study-of-a-norwegian-shipbuilding-industry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130840.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">164</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3756</span> Spontaneous Transformation in U. Maritimus: A Case Series</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lur%20N.%20Dreier">Lur N. Dreier</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Spontaneous transformation in Ursus maritimus is generally considered to be seldom, albeit not, to this author's best knowledge, previously unpublished in the medical literature. However, no case series has to date described transformative spontaneous processes to filios hominum species. Norwegian public hospital system, is, however, especially the grounds of the specific climate in the Northern hemisphere, and because of a high suited to observe such transformations, both on income level. Hence, this paper describes, to our knowledge, the first case series of 25 patients undergoing treatment for spontaneous transformation in four Norwegian hospitals. The methodology was to include patients on a consecutive basis, identifying clinically and laboratory the typology in each of the four hospitals. The major findings were that the archetypes were heterogeneous, with coercive laboratory findings, with a high degree of redundancy of the process. This might potentially lead to many advances in the diagnostics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=case%20series" title="case series">case series</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transformation" title=" transformation"> transformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hominum%20species" title=" hominum species"> hominum species</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maritimus%20species" title=" maritimus species"> maritimus species</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83925/spontaneous-transformation-in-u-maritimus-a-case-series" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83925.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">266</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3755</span> Intercultural Competency for Teachers at the Public Multicultural Alternative School for Immigrants and Multicultural Family Student’s School Maladjustment in Korea</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kiseob%20Chung">Kiseob Chung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyeonmin%20Kang"> Hyeonmin Kang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aims to explore what is intercultural competency needed for teacher through their experience at the public multicultural alternative school. The public alternative multicultural school is an accredited school for immigrants or students from multicultural families who have experienced school maladjustment at public school. This school has self-regulation in curriculum and function of bridge to public school by helping their adaptation. In particular, this study answers the following questions: What are the most difficulties for teacher at the multicultural alternative school in comparison to public school? What competencies are required for teacher at the multicultural alternative school? Which competencies in cognitive, emotional and practical area should be more required in order for teacher to communicate with student effectively (successfully) in class and other activities in school? What is the background of that we called these competencies especially as ‘intercultural’? This study focuses to clarify teacher’s competency to help immigrants of students from multicultural background to adjust to school life with the term of intercultural competency. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intercultural%20competency%20for%20teacher" title="intercultural competency for teacher">intercultural competency for teacher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multicultural%20alternative%20school" title=" multicultural alternative school"> multicultural alternative school</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multicultural%20students" title=" multicultural students"> multicultural students</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=school%20maladjustment" title=" school maladjustment"> school maladjustment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34200/intercultural-competency-for-teachers-at-the-public-multicultural-alternative-school-for-immigrants-and-multicultural-family-students-school-maladjustment-in-korea" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34200.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">464</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3754</span> School Counseling in Sri Lanka: Analysis of the past Recommending a Way Forward</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Buddhiprabha%20D.%20D.%20Pathirana">Buddhiprabha D. D. Pathirana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Despite a rapid increase in the number of school counselors in the recent past; procuring the service of school counselors is a luxury that many Sri Lankan schools cannot afford. In addition, school counseling in Sri Lanka also faces new challenges in implementation due to the fact that a generally agreed consensus on training, ethical standards, role identity, counseling model, and structures for school counselors has not been reached. Therefore, this paper has several objectives. First, it reviews a brief history of school counseling in Sri Lanka and describes its current status. Second, it describes current trends/ problems specific to Sri Lankan school counseling milieu which have limited the progress of school counseling as a practice. Third, it discusses societal and cultural issues that are important to consider when implementing school counseling as a practices in Sri Lanka and provides recommendations to improve it. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=school%20counseling" title="school counseling">school counseling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sri%20Lanka" title=" Sri Lanka"> Sri Lanka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=current%20situation" title=" current situation"> current situation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recommendations" title=" recommendations"> recommendations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40075/school-counseling-in-sri-lanka-analysis-of-the-past-recommending-a-way-forward" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40075.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">537</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3753</span> Predictors of School Safety Awareness among Malaysian Primary School Teachers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ssekamanya">Ssekamanya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mastura%20Badzis"> Mastura Badzis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khamsiah%20Ismail"> Khamsiah Ismail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dayang%20Shuzaidah%20Bt%20Abduludin"> Dayang Shuzaidah Bt Abduludin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With rising incidents of school violence worldwide, educators and researchers are trying to understand and find ways to enhance the safety of children at school. The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which the demographic variables of gender, age, length of service, position, academic qualification, and school location predicted teachers’ awareness about school safety practices in Malaysian primary schools. A stratified random sample of 380 teachers was selected in the central Malaysian states of Kuala Lumpur and Selangor. Multiple regression analysis revealed that none of the factors was a good predictor of awareness about school safety training, delivery methods of school safety information, and available school safety programs. Awareness about school safety activities was significantly predicted by school location (whether the school was located in a rural or urban area). While these results may reflect a general lack of awareness about school safety among primary school teachers in the selected locations, a national study needs to be conducted for the whole country. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=school%20safety%20awareness" title="school safety awareness">school safety awareness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=predictors%20of%20school%20safety" title=" predictors of school safety"> predictors of school safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiple%20regression%20analysis" title=" multiple regression analysis"> multiple regression analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=malaysian%20primary%20schools" title=" malaysian primary schools"> malaysian primary schools</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45296/predictors-of-school-safety-awareness-among-malaysian-primary-school-teachers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45296.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">468</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3752</span> An Analysis of Curricular and Other Curricular Activities of Ramakrishna Mission School</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shri%20Krishna%20Mishra">Shri Krishna Mishra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Badri%20Yadav"> Badri Yadav</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> India is a democratic country requires creative dynamic citizen for its development. And it will be possible only when school produce creative prosperous students. In this aspect, researcher find out that curricular and other curricular activities of Ramkrishna Mission School is unique up to some extent because it gives emphasis on value education and holistic development of students. It giving the emphasis on self-realization, standing on their own feet and community work. Most of the teacher of this school are competent to organize classrooms and manage the behavior of their students so, outcome of this school is very effective and impressive to other school. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramakrishna%20Mission%20School" title="Ramakrishna Mission School">Ramakrishna Mission School</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analysis%20of%20curricular" title=" analysis of curricular"> analysis of curricular</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=other%20curricular%20activities%20of%20R.%20M.%20School" title=" other curricular activities of R. M. School"> other curricular activities of R. M. School</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teachers" title=" teachers"> teachers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16929/an-analysis-of-curricular-and-other-curricular-activities-of-ramakrishna-mission-school" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16929.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">342</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3751</span> The Relationship between School Belonging, Self-Efficacy and Academic Achievement in Tabriz High School Students</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Pari">F. Pari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Fathiazar"> E. Fathiazar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Hashemi"> T. Hashemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Pari"> M. Pari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study aimed to examine the role of self-efficacy and school belonging in the academic achievement of Tabriz high school students in grade 11. Therefore, using a random cluster method, 377 subjects were selected from the whole students of Tabriz high schools. They filled in the School Belonging Questionnaire (SBQ) and General Self-Efficacy Scale. Data were analyzed using correlational as well as multiple regression methods. Findings demonstrate self-efficacy and school belonging have significant roles in the prediction of academic achievement. On the other hand, the results suggest that considering the gender variable there is no significant difference between self-efficacy and school belonging. On the whole, cognitive approaches could be effective in the explanation of academic achievement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=school%20belonging" title="school belonging">school belonging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-efficacy" title=" self-efficacy"> self-efficacy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=academic%20achievement" title=" academic achievement"> academic achievement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20school" title=" high school"> high school</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3828/the-relationship-between-school-belonging-self-efficacy-and-academic-achievement-in-tabriz-high-school-students" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3828.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">298</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3750</span> Indigenous Conceptualization of School Readiness: Mother's Perspective in Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayesha%20Inam">Ayesha Inam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Moazzam"> R. Moazzam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Akhtar"> Z. Akhtar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> School readiness plays a significant role in helping a child deal with various school demands and expectations as well as in determining academic success outcomes. There is a scarcity of data concerning the condition of school readiness in Pakistan. This qualitative research seeks to examine the perspective of mothers about school readiness along with its four domains (self-care, socio-emotional, physical and cognitive) as well as about the appropriate age of entry into formal preschool. Fifteen interviews were conducted with mothers of pre-school children in Islamabad and Rawalpindi. It was found that mothers shared the common perception that children should be socially, emotionally, physically and cognitively prepared to be ready for pre-school. The results concluded that the mothers unanimously agreed in their perceptions that three to four years was the appropriate age range for children to begin pre-school and that early or late entry into pre-school had negative implications for children’s ability to learn and understand, and hence, their school readiness. Mental age was perceived as a more important criterion for deciding when to send children to pre-school. Mothers were found to send their children to school earlier, and children were found to be increasingly exposed to technology, both of which were found to influence children’s readiness for school. Both schools and mothers were found to play an instrumental role in preparing children for school and in school adjustment by nurturing their skills and abilities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perception%20of%20mothers" title="perception of mothers">perception of mothers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pakistan" title=" Pakistan"> Pakistan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=school%20readiness" title=" school readiness"> school readiness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entry%20to%20preschool" title=" entry to preschool"> entry to preschool</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108714/indigenous-conceptualization-of-school-readiness-mothers-perspective-in-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108714.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">157</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3749</span> Music Aptitude and School Readiness in Indonesian Children</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diella%20Gracia%20Martauli">Diella Gracia Martauli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigated the relationship between music aptitude and school readiness in Indonesian children. Music aptitude is described as children’s music potential, whereas school readiness is defined as a condition in which a child is deemed ready to enter the formal education system. This study presents a hypothesis that music aptitude is correlated with school readiness. This is a correlational research study of 17 children aged 5-6 years old (<em>M </em>= 6.10, <em>SD </em>= 0.33) who were enrolled in a kindergarten school in Jakarta, Indonesia. Music aptitude scores were obtained from Primary Measures of Music Audiation, whereas School readiness scores were obtained from Bracken School Readiness Assessment Third Edition. The analysis of the data was performed using Pearson Correlation. The result found no correlation between music aptitude and school readiness (<em>r </em>= 0.196, <em>p </em>= 0.452). Discussions regarding the results, perspective from the measures and cultures are presented. Further study is recommended to establish links between music aptitude and school readiness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BSRA" title="BSRA">BSRA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=music%20aptitude" title=" music aptitude"> music aptitude</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PMMA" title=" PMMA"> PMMA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=school%20readiness" title=" school readiness"> school readiness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108912/music-aptitude-and-school-readiness-in-indonesian-children" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108912.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">144</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3748</span> Security Issues and Primary School Participation in Kenya</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rose%20Mwanza">Rose Mwanza</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper investigates security factors influencing primary school pupils’ school participation in Kenya. Schools, communities and the Government all have roles to play in enhancing primary school pupil’s school participation. The effective security system of a country provides the necessary avenues to facilitate improved health services protection of children and allows free movement of the country’s citizens which leads to a conducive atmosphere for school participation. Kenya is a signatory to international commitments and conventions related to security such as the National Policy on Peace Building and Conflict Management, United Nations Development Assistance Framework and Key Security Unity, which enable primary school pupils to participate in education. The paper also looks at the strategies the Government of Kenya has put in place to ensure effective pupil school participation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethnicity" title="ethnicity">ethnicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20media" title=" social media"> social media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=participation%20in%20school" title=" participation in school"> participation in school</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poverty" title=" poverty"> poverty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=terrorism" title=" terrorism"> terrorism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175481/security-issues-and-primary-school-participation-in-kenya" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175481.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">61</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3747</span> Collaborative Managerial Practices of Heads of Educational Institutions: Principals and Students Perspective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasir%20Ahmed">Nasir Ahmed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study was designed to explore the managerial practices of secondary school principals in collaboration with different school stakeholder’s i.e. Teachers, students and school councils. The population of the study comprised 41 principals of government secondary schools, 249 Secondary school teachers (SSTs), 3360 students of 10th class and 300 members of the school councils of government secondary schools (both boys and girls) in Wazirabad, Pakistan. 50 percentage principals, 40 percentage SSTs, 3 percentage students and 15% members of the school councils were taken as a sample of the study. Data was collected through different four-questionnaire design on a ﬁve point rating scale. The questionnaires for teachers, students, and school councils were developed to see their involvement in school management. The questionnaire for the secondary school principals was designed to ﬁnd out to see their perceptions about the involvement of these stakeholders in school’s management. The results of the students indicated that, the remaining stakeholders were not cooperating with the school management. It was recommended that all the stakeholders be provided equal opportunities to take an active part in the school management. This may be based on a formal mechanism for the collaborative efforts of all the stakeholders. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collaboration" title="collaboration">collaboration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=management" title=" management"> management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=school%20stakeholders" title=" school stakeholders"> school stakeholders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=school%20councils" title=" school councils"> school councils</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=managerial%20practices" title=" managerial practices"> managerial practices</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38092/collaborative-managerial-practices-of-heads-of-educational-institutions-principals-and-students-perspective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38092.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">281</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3746</span> Is School Misbehavior a Decision: Implications for School Guidance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachel%20C.%20F.%20Sun">Rachel C. F. Sun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study examined the predictive effects of moral competence, prosocial norms and positive behavior recognition on school misbehavior among Chinese junior secondary school students. Results of multiple regression analysis showed that students were more likely to misbehave in school when they had lower levels of moral competence and prosocial norms, and when they perceived their positive behavior being less likely recognized. Practical implications were discussed on how to guide students to make the right choices to behave appropriately in school. Implications for future research were also discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moral%20competence" title="moral competence">moral competence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=positive%20behavior%20recognition" title=" positive behavior recognition"> positive behavior recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prosocial%20norms" title=" prosocial norms"> prosocial norms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=school%20misbehavior" title=" school misbehavior"> school misbehavior</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8919/is-school-misbehavior-a-decision-implications-for-school-guidance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8919.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">384</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3745</span> Re-Storying School Culture Through Appreciative Inquiry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Allison%20Tucker">Allison Tucker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carolyn%20Clarke"> Carolyn Clarke</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study arose from the understanding that school cultures are shaped by the stories of school as known by teachers, students, and families. These sometimes-conflicting stories, based on a myriad of influences, present challenges to school culture. Layered on stories of school are the policies, developed often from central jurisdictional agencies, that direct schools on their daily operations from things such as curriculum to schedules and school calendars. This study investigates the stories of one Canadian school with the teachers, students, and families of the community. Using appreciative inquiry to consider the influence stories of school have on the ways policies are interpreted and lived in their school community, participants interrogate the stories that currently overarch the school community, and explore ways they might actively foster a school community whose lived experience aligns with what they dream for their schools. Paradigmatic analysis was used to reveal commonalities in participant responses. The findings of the study indicate that schools face challenges in creating a cohesive school community due to related to conflicting interpretations of school stories and the attempts to integrate jurisdictional policies in ways that reflect and make sense in their communities. Differing beliefs about the structure of school, misalignment in what was felt was the purpose of school, diverse understandings of curriculum, and even disparities regarding what the role of each group was in the school community, all create barriers to the creation of a well-connected school community that shares a common purpose. Results from the study, assist the school community to more effectively respond to the impacts that stories from the community and factors external to the school have on the community, and by extension the daily lived experiences of teachers and students in the school. It also offers other school communities a framework through which they could respond sensitively to the lived experience and stories of the teachers, students, and families of their schools. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=school%20community" title="school community">school community</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=appreciative%20inquiry" title=" appreciative inquiry"> appreciative inquiry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=school%20policy" title=" school policy"> school policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=school%20culture" title=" school culture"> school culture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191178/re-storying-school-culture-through-appreciative-inquiry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191178.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">16</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3744</span> Deciphering Chinese Calligraphy as the Architectural Essence of Tao Fong Shan Christian Center in Hong Kong</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chak%20Kwong%20Lau">Chak Kwong Lau</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Many buildings in Hong Kong are graced with enchanting works of Chinese calligraphy. An excellent example is Tao Fong Shan Christian Center founded by a Norwegian missionary, Karl Ludvig Reichelt (1877-1952) in 1930. Adorned with many inspiring works of Chinese calligraphy, the center functions as a place for the study of Christianity where people of different religions can meet to have religious discussions and intellectual exchanges. This paper examines the pivotal role played by Chinese calligraphy in creating a significant context for the center to fulfill her visions and missions. The methodology of this research involves stylistic and textual analyses of works of calligraphy, in particular through an examination and interpretation of their extended meanings in terms of architectural symbology and social and cultural contexts. Findings showed that Chinese calligraphy was effectively used as a powerful vehicle for a purposeful development of contextual Christian spirituality in Hong Kong. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chinese%20calligraphy" title="Chinese calligraphy">Chinese calligraphy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hong%20Kong%20architecture" title=" Hong Kong architecture"> Hong Kong architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hong%20Kong%20calligraphy" title=" Hong Kong calligraphy"> Hong Kong calligraphy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Johannes%20Prip-M%C3%B8ller" title=" Johannes Prip-Møller"> Johannes Prip-Møller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karl%20Ludvig%20Reichelt" title=" Karl Ludvig Reichelt"> Karl Ludvig Reichelt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norwegian%20missionary" title=" Norwegian missionary"> Norwegian missionary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tao%20Fong%20Shan%20Christian%20Center" title=" Tao Fong Shan Christian Center"> Tao Fong Shan Christian Center</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traditional%20Chinese%20architecture" title=" traditional Chinese architecture"> traditional Chinese architecture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103051/deciphering-chinese-calligraphy-as-the-architectural-essence-of-tao-fong-shan-christian-center-in-hong-kong" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103051.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">280</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3743</span> The School Threshold's Identity as a Place for Interaction: Research Project with the Participation of Elementary-School Children</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Natalia%20Bazaiou">Natalia Bazaiou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The school entrance is one of the most important places in the everyday lives of children. As an intersection between school and public realm of the city, it is characterized by gradations of porous and rigid boundaries. Depending on its function, it can serve as a threshold or as a boundary. Additionally, it is a spatial condition that facilitates a dialogue between the school and the city and draws content from both. School thresholds are important in supporting the role of the school as an important node in the city and a bridge between children's various everyday life dynamics by demonstrating prominent usage and meaning as a place that is open to the community as well as to possibilities and physical interaction. In this research, we examine the role of the "realm of the in-between" between school and city through the architecture workshops for children at Hill Memorial School in Athens, in which we explore children's perceptions, wishes, and ideas related to their familiar everyday places of transition from school to city and vice versa. Also discussed in the presentation are the writings of Herman Hertzberger, Aldo Van Eyck, Jaap Bakema and others. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=threshold" title="threshold">threshold</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=city" title=" city"> city</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=play" title=" play"> play</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=identity" title=" identity"> identity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cinematic%20tools" title=" cinematic tools"> cinematic tools</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children" title=" children"> children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=school%20architecture" title=" school architecture"> school architecture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174138/the-school-thresholds-identity-as-a-place-for-interaction-research-project-with-the-participation-of-elementary-school-children" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174138.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">80</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3742</span> A Study of a Diachronic Relationship between Two Weak Inflection Classes in Norwegian, with Emphasis on Unexpected Productivity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emilija%20Tribocka">Emilija Tribocka</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This contribution presents parts of an ongoing study of a diachronic relationship between two weak verb classes in Norwegian, the a-class (cf. the paradigm of ‘throw’: kasta – kastar – kasta – kasta) and the e-class (cf. the paradigm of ‘buy’: kjøpa – kjøper – kjøpte – kjøpt). The study investigates inflection class shifts between the two classes with Old Norse, the ancestor of Modern Norwegian, as a starting point. Examination of inflection in 38 verbs in four chosen dialect areas (106 places of attestations) demonstrates that the shifts from the a-class to the e-class are widespread to varying degrees in three out of four investigated areas and are more common than the shifts in the opposite direction. The diachronic productivity of the e-class is unexpected for several reasons. There is general agreement that type frequency is an important factor influencing productivity. The a-class (53% of all weak verbs) was more type frequent in Old Norse than the e-class (42% of all weak verbs). Thus, given the type frequency, the expansion of the e-class is unexpected. Furthermore, in the ‘core’ areas of expanded e-class inflection, the shifts disregard phonological principles creating forms with uncomfortable consonant clusters, e.g., fiskte instead of fiska, the preterit of fiska ‘fish’. Later on, these forms may be contracted, i.e., fiskte > fiste. In this contribution, two factors influencing the shifts are presented: phonological form and token frequency. Verbs with the stem ending in a consonant cluster, particularly when the cluster ends in -t, hardly ever shift to the e-class. As a matter of fact, verbs with this structure belonging to the e-class in Old Norse shift to the a-class in Modern Norwegian, e.g., ON e-class verb skipta ‘change’ shifts to the a-class. This shift occurs as a result of the lack of morpho-phonological transparency between the stem and the preterit suffix of the e-class, -te. As there is a phonological fusion between the stem ending in -t and the suffix beginning in -t, the transparent a-class inflection is chosen. Token frequency plays an important role in the shifts, too, in some dialects. In one of the investigated areas, the most token frequent verbs of the ON e-class remain in the e-class (e.g., høyra ‘hear’, leva ‘live’, kjøpa ‘buy’), while less frequent verbs may shift to the a-class. Furthermore, the results indicate that the shift from the a-class to the e-class occurs in some of the most token frequent verbs of the ON a-class in this area, e.g., lika ‘like’, lova ‘promise’, svara ‘answer’. The latter is unexpected as frequent items tend to remain stable. This study presents a case of unexpected productivity, demonstrating that minor patterns can grow and outdo major patterns. Thus, type frequency is not the only factor that determines productivity. The study addresses the role of phonological form and token frequency in the spread of inflection patterns. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inflection%20class" title="inflection class">inflection class</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=productivity" title=" productivity"> productivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=token%20frequency" title=" token frequency"> token frequency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phonological%20form" title=" phonological form"> phonological form</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176709/a-study-of-a-diachronic-relationship-between-two-weak-inflection-classes-in-norwegian-with-emphasis-on-unexpected-productivity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176709.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">62</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3741</span> The Dao of Political Economy - A Holistic Perspective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tao%20Peng">Tao Peng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a holistic model of political economy based on Daoism – the foundational philosophy of classical Chinese epistemology. Daoism is both comprehensive and subtle in its manifestations and applications in all aspects of nature and society. Based on Daoist creation theory of the universe, life theory and five element functioning theory, a holistic model in economics with minimal assumptions and independent of ideology are constructed. Under this framework, different schools of economics, such as neo-liberal, Marxism, and Austrian school, are explored and shed new light on. Economic and financial predictions can be realized in applications to Qi Men Dun Jia. This framework can provide guidelines and inspirations to economic modelling, economic policies formulation and strategy development and guide society towards a more sustainable future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=daoism" title="daoism">daoism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economics" title=" economics"> economics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=holistic" title=" holistic"> holistic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=philosophy" title=" philosophy"> philosophy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171001/the-dao-of-political-economy-a-holistic-perspective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171001.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">86</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3740</span> What Constitutes Pre-School Mathematics and How It Look Like in the Classroom?</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chako%20G.%20Chako">Chako G. Chako</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study reports on an ongoing research that explores pre-school mathematics. Participants in the study includes three pre-school teachers and their pre-school learners from one school in Gaborone. The school was purposefully selected based on its performance in Botswana’s 2019 national examinations. Specifically, the study is interested on teachers’ explanations of mathematics concepts embedded in pre-school mathematics tasks. The interest on explanations was informed by the view that suggests that, the mathematics learners get to learn, resides in teachers’ explanations. Recently, Botswana’s basic education has integrated pre-school education into the mainstream public primary school education. This move is part of the government’s drive to elevate Botswana to a knowledge-based-economy. It is believed that provision of pre-school education to all Batswana children will contribute immensely towards a knowledge-based-economy. Since pre-school is now a new phenomenon in our education, there is limited research at this level of education in Botswana. In particular, there is limited knowledge about what and how the teaching is conducted in Pre-Schools in Botswana. Hence, the study seeks to gain insight into what constitutes mathematics in tasks that learners are given, and how concepts are made accessible to Pre-school learners. The research question of interest for this study is stated as: What is the nature Pre-school teachers’ explanations of mathematics concepts embedded in tasks given to learners. Casting some light into what and how pre-school mathematics tasks are enacted is critical for policy and Pre-school teacher professional development. The sociocultural perspective framed the research. Adler and Rhonda’s (2014) notion of exemplification and explanatory communication are used to analyze tasks given to learners and teachers’ explanations respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classroom" title="classroom">classroom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=explanation" title=" explanation"> explanation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematics" title=" mathematics"> mathematics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pre-school" title=" pre-school"> pre-school</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tasks" title=" tasks"> tasks</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124362/what-constitutes-pre-school-mathematics-and-how-it-look-like-in-the-classroom" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124362.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">156</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3739</span> Analysis of School Burnout and Academic Motivation through Structural Equation Modeling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ismail%20Se%C3%A7er">Ismail Seçer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between school burnout and academic motivation in high school students. The working group of the study consists of 455 students from the high schools in Erzurum city center, selected with appropriate sampling method. School Burnout Scale and Academic Motivation Scale were used in the study to collect data. Correlation analysis and structural equation modeling were used in the analysis of the data collected through the study. As a result of the study, it was determined that there are significant and negative relations between school burnout and academic motivation, and the school burnout has direct and indirect significant effects on the getting over himself, using knowledge and exploration dimension through the latent variable of academic motivation. Lastly, it was determined that school burnout is a significant predictor of academic motivation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=school%20burnout" title="school burnout">school burnout</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motivation" title=" motivation"> motivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20equation%20modeling" title=" structural equation modeling"> structural equation modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=university" title=" university"> university</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53720/analysis-of-school-burnout-and-academic-motivation-through-structural-equation-modeling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53720.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">324</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3738</span> School-Related Variables and Adolescents Substance Use</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nicolas%20Meylan">Nicolas Meylan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eric%20Tardif"> Eric Tardif</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Many studies have highlighted the links between substance use and school difficulties. However, most of these studies address only the consumption in terms of frequency without considering the different types of behavior (use, abuse, dependence). Moreover, little is known about the associations between substance use and variables such as school engagement and school burnout recently described as a positive state of mind and an exhaustion syndrome related to school, respectively. Through this study, we wish to describe and compare school-related variables in adolescents with different type of substance use. Our study focuses on 402 Swiss adolescents, aged between 14 and 19 years old. They responded collectively and anonymously to a set of scales assessing substance use and several school variables (social support, stress, burnout, engagement and school climate). First, results on frequency and severity of substance use are relatively close to those observed in other studies. Second, it also appears that certain dimensions of stress, burnout, engagement and school climate are associated with the frequency of alcohol and cannabis consumption. Finally, adolescents’ substance abusers show particularly high scores of burnout, cynicism and stress related to workload, which can be understand as self-medication behavior. Additional analyzes are underway to clarify these associations. Results are discussed in terms of implications for research and clinical practice in academic burnout. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=school%20burnout" title="school burnout">school burnout</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=school%20engagement" title=" school engagement"> school engagement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adolescence" title=" adolescence"> adolescence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=substance%20use" title=" substance use"> substance use</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-medication" title=" self-medication"> self-medication</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42560/school-related-variables-and-adolescents-substance-use" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42560.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">307</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3737</span> Exploring the Use of Adverbs in Two Young Learners Written Corpora</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chrysanthi%20S.%20Tiliakou">Chrysanthi S. Tiliakou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Katerina%20T.%20Frantzi"> Katerina T. Frantzi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Writing has always been considered a most demanding skill for English as a Foreign Language learners as well as for native speakers. Novice foreign language writers are asked to handle a limited range of vocabulary to produce writing tasks at lower levels. Adverbs are the parts of speech that are not used extensively in the early stages of English as a Foreign Language writing. An additional problem with learning new adverbs is that, next to learning their meanings, learners are expected to acquire the proper placement of adverbs in a sentence. The use of adverbs is important as they enhance “expressive richness to one’s message”. By exploring the patterns of use of adverbs, researchers and educators can identify types of adverbs, which appear more taxing for young learners or that puzzle novice English as a Foreign Language writers with their placement, and focus on their teaching. To this end, the study examines the use of adverbs on two written Corpora of young learners of English of A1 – A2 levels and determines the types of adverbs used, their frequencies, problems in their use, and whether there is any differentiation between levels. The Antconc concordancing tool was used for the Greek Learner Corpus, and the Corpuscle concordancing tool for the Norwegian Corpus. The research found a similarity in the normalized frequencies of the adverbs used in the A1-A2 level Greek Learner Corpus with the frequencies of the same adverbs in the Norwegian Learner Corpus. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learner%20corpora" title="learner corpora">learner corpora</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=young%20learners" title=" young learners"> young learners</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=writing" title=" writing"> writing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=use%20of%20adverbs" title=" use of adverbs"> use of adverbs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156823/exploring-the-use-of-adverbs-in-two-young-learners-written-corpora" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156823.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">92</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3736</span> School Autonomy in the United Kingdom: A Correlational Study Applied to English Principals</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pablo%20Javier%20Ortega-Rodriguez">Pablo Javier Ortega-Rodriguez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francisco%20Jose%20Pozuelos-Estrada"> Francisco Jose Pozuelos-Estrada</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently, there has been a renewed interest in school autonomy in the United Kingdom and its impact on students' outcomes. English principals have a pivotal role in decision-making. The aim of this paper is to explore the correlation between the type of school (public or private) and the considerable responsibilities of English principals which participated in PISA 2015. The final sample consisted of 419 principals. Descriptive data (percentages and means) were generated for the variables related to professional autonomy. Pearson's chi-square test was used to determine if there is an association between the type of school and principals' responsibilities for relevant tasks. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software, version 22. Findings suggest a significant correlation between the type of school and principals' responsibility for firing teachers and formulating the school budget. This study confirms that the type of school is not associated with principals' responsibility for choosing which textbooks are used at school. The present study establishes a quantitative framework for defining four models of professional autonomy and some proposals to improve school autonomy in the United Kingdom. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision%20making" title="decision making">decision making</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=principals" title=" principals"> principals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=professional%20autonomy" title=" professional autonomy"> professional autonomy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=school%20autonomy" title=" school autonomy"> school autonomy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99907/school-autonomy-in-the-united-kingdom-a-correlational-study-applied-to-english-principals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99907.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">792</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3735</span> The Importance of Compulsory Pre-School Education from the Parents’ Perspective in the Czech Republic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Beata%20Horn%C3%ADckova">Beata Horníckova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sona%20Lorencova"> Sona Lorencova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study deals with the presentation of the results of quantitatively oriented research. The research was conducted as part of a questionnaire survey with the aim to find out what are the attitudes of parents to compulsory preschool education in the Czech Republic. This research presents results from the area of importance of compulsory pre-school education from the parents’ perspective. The research method was a questionnaire, which was distributed to respondents through an online platform. The research involved 107 parents, who answered a total of 36 questions that found out their attitudes to last year’s compulsory preschool attendance. The results show that compulsory pre-school attendance has increased the importance of pre-school education. However, the results also show that the compulsory last year of pre-school education is not more important according to parents than in previous years. Most participants consider compulsory pre-school attendance to be important and are happy that their child attends it. The results reveal the fact that the introduction of compulsory pre-school attendance has contributed to the importance of parents’ perceptions of pre-primary education. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compulsory%20pre-school%20education" title="compulsory pre-school education">compulsory pre-school education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education%20of%20pre-school%20children" title=" education of pre-school children"> education of pre-school children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kindergarten" title=" kindergarten"> kindergarten</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parents" title=" parents"> parents</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130970/the-importance-of-compulsory-pre-school-education-from-the-parents-perspective-in-the-czech-republic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130970.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">164</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3734</span> Prefectorial Participation in Inclusive School Governance: A Shrewd Strategy for Building an Inclusive Society</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thomas%20Jerome%20Yeboah">Thomas Jerome Yeboah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Inclusive school leadership is not a standalone project. It is spread across a broad array of individual leaders in the school. Successful inclusive education thrives on collaborative, shared, and participatory leadership. School prefects are generally not included in leadership discourses in respect of the implementation of inclusive education and the benefits inherent in it, yet they live at the closest proximity to the learners and wield much influence over them. The purpose of this study was to investigate how the participation of school prefects in inclusive school governance could be used as a strategy to prepare them to champion the course of individuals who live with disability and special needs in order to build a more inclusive society. The exploratory study employed a purposive sampling technique to select ten (10) school prefects from five (5) inclusive schools in Ghana. Semi-structured interview was used to glean information from the selected participants to answer the research questions raised in the study. Results from the study were thematically analysed. The study concluded that the school prefects could be agents of societal transformation who would be capable of creating an environment where those with disability and special needs would be accepted by society as ‘normal.’ <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inclusive%20society" title="inclusive society">inclusive society</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=participation" title=" participation"> participation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inclusive%20school%20leadership" title=" inclusive school leadership"> inclusive school leadership</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=societal%20transformation" title=" societal transformation"> societal transformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=school%20prefects" title=" school prefects"> school prefects</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142233/prefectorial-participation-in-inclusive-school-governance-a-shrewd-strategy-for-building-an-inclusive-society" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142233.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">196</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3733</span> Differential Item Functioning in the Vocabulary Test of Grade 7 Students in Public and Private Schools</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dave%20Kenneth%20Tayao%20Cayado">Dave Kenneth Tayao Cayado</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carlo%20P.%20Magno"> Carlo P. Magno</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The most common source of bias detected are those of gender and socioeconomic status. The present study investigated the Differential Item Functioning (DIF) or item bias between public and private school students in a vocabulary test. Studies on DIF were expanded by using the type of school as a source of bias. There were 200 participants in this study. 100 came from a public secondary school and 100 came from a private secondary school. The vocabulary skills of students were measured using a standardized vocabulary test for grade 7 students. Using DIF, specifically the Rasch-Welch approach, it was found that out of 24 items, 12 were biased for a specific group. The vocabulary skills on the use of slang, idiomatic expression, personification, collocations, and partitive relations were biased for private schools while the use of slang and homonymous words were biased for public school students. The analysis debunked the trend that private school students are outperforming public school students in terms of academic achievement. It was revealed that there are some competencies that private school students are having difficulty and vice versa. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=differential%20item%20functioning" title="differential item functioning">differential item functioning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=item%20bias" title=" item bias"> item bias</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20school%20students" title=" public school students"> public school students</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=private%20school%20students" title=" private school students"> private school students</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vocabulary" title=" vocabulary"> vocabulary</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98866/differential-item-functioning-in-the-vocabulary-test-of-grade-7-students-in-public-and-private-schools" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98866.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">191</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norwegian%20School%20of%20Economics&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norwegian%20School%20of%20Economics&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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