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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Maximum_size" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maximum_size"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Maximum size</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maximum_size-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Units_of_information" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Units_of_information"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Units of information</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Units_of_information-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet 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Available in 24 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%AC%D9%85_%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81" title="حجم ملف – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حجم ملف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fayl%C4%B1n_%C3%B6l%C3%A7%C3%BCs%C3%BC" title="Faylın ölçüsü – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Faylın ölçüsü" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mida_d%27un_fitxer" title="Mida d'un fitxer – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mida d'un fitxer" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%AD%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%B8%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Μέγεθος αρχείου – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μέγεθος αρχείου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tama%C3%B1o_de_archivo" title="Tamaño de archivo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tamaño de archivo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%AC%D9%85_%D9%81%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84" title="حجم فایل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حجم فایل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taille_de_fichier" title="Taille de fichier – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Taille de fichier" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC_%ED%81%AC%EA%B8%B0" title="파일 크기 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="파일 크기" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukuran_berkas" title="Ukuran berkas – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ukuran berkas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faila_izm%C4%93rs" title="Faila izmērs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Faila izmērs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A1jlm%C3%A9ret" title="Fájlméret – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fájlméret" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Податотечна големина – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Податотечна големина" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%82" title="ഫയൽ വലുപ്പം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഫയൽ വലുപ്പം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saiz_fail" title="Saiz fail – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Saiz fail" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B5%E3%82%A4%E3%82%BA" title="ファイルサイズ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ファイルサイズ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94_%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B8" title="ගොනු තරම – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ගොනු තරම" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Величина датотеке – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Величина датотеке" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiedostokoko" title="Tiedostokoko – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tiedostokoko" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81" title="கோப்பளவு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கோப்பளவு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A3%E0%B0%82" title="దస్త్ర పరిమాణం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="దస్త్ర పరిమాణం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dosya_boyutu" title="Dosya boyutu – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Dosya boyutu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%ADch_th%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_t%E1%BA%ADp_tin" title="Kích thước tập tin – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kích thước tập tin" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AA%94%E6%A1%88%E5%A4%A7%E7%B4%B0" title="檔案大細 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="檔案大細" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" 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<div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1146367" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Measure of data usage by computer files</div> <p><b>File size</b> is a measure of how much <a href="/wiki/Data_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Data (computing)">data</a> a <a href="/wiki/Computer_file" title="Computer file">computer file</a> contains or, alternately, how much <a href="/wiki/Computer_data_storage" title="Computer data storage">storage</a> it consumes. Typically, file size is expressed in <a href="/wiki/Units_of_measurement" class="mw-redirect" title="Units of measurement">units of measurement</a> based on the <a href="/wiki/Byte" title="Byte">byte</a>. By convention, file size units use either a <a href="/wiki/Metric_prefix" title="Metric prefix">metric prefix</a> (as in <a href="/wiki/Megabyte" title="Megabyte">megabyte</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gigabyte" title="Gigabyte">gigabyte</a>) or a <a href="/wiki/Binary_prefix" title="Binary prefix">binary prefix</a> (as in <a href="/wiki/Mebibyte" class="mw-redirect" title="Mebibyte">mebibyte</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gibibyte" class="mw-redirect" title="Gibibyte">gibibyte</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-J100B01_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-J100B01-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When a file is written to a <a href="/wiki/File_system" title="File system">file system</a>, which is the case in most modern devices, it may consume slightly more <a href="/wiki/Disk_space" class="mw-redirect" title="Disk space">disk space</a> than the file requires. This is because the file system rounds the size up to include any unused space left over in the last <a href="/wiki/Block_(data_storage)" title="Block (data storage)">block</a> used by the file. (A <i><a href="/wiki/Disk_sector" title="Disk sector">sector</a></i> is the smallest amount of space addressable by the file system. The size of a disk sector ranges from several hundred to several thousand bytes. A file system block is one or more sectors in size.) The unused space is called <b>slack space</b> or <b>internal fragmentation</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although smaller sector sizes allow for denser use of disk space, they decrease the operational efficiency of the file system. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Maximum_size">Maximum size</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=File_size&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Maximum size"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_file_systems" title="Comparison of file systems">Comparison of file systems</a></div> <p>The maximum file size a file system supports depends not only on the capacity of the file system, but also on the number of <a href="/wiki/Bit" title="Bit">bits</a> reserved for the storage of file size information. The maximum file size in the <a href="/wiki/FAT32" class="mw-redirect" title="FAT32">FAT32</a> file system, for example, is 4,294,967,295 bytes, which is one byte less than four gigabytes.<sup id="cite_ref-efi_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-efi-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The table below details the maximum file size for a number of common or historical file systems. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Unless otherwise indicated, all size units <a href="/wiki/Byte#Multiple-byte_units" title="Byte">are based on powers of 1024</a>.</div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/File_system" title="File system">File system</a> </th> <th>Maximum size<sup id="cite_ref-note-1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-note-1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/APFS" class="mw-redirect" title="APFS">APFS</a> </td> <td>8 <a href="/wiki/Exabyte" class="mw-redirect" title="Exabyte">EB</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ExFAT" title="ExFAT">exFAT</a> </td> <td>16 EB - 1 byte </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/FAT12" class="mw-redirect" title="FAT12">FAT12</a> </td> <td>16 <a href="/wiki/Megabyte" title="Megabyte">MB</a> (4 <a href="/wiki/Kilobyte" title="Kilobyte">KB</a> clusters) or 32 MB (8 KB clusters) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/FAT16B" class="mw-redirect" title="FAT16B">FAT16B</a> </td> <td>2 <a href="/wiki/Gigabyte" title="Gigabyte">GB</a> (without <a href="/wiki/Large-file_support" title="Large-file support">LFS</a>) or 4 GB - 1 byte (with LFS) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/FAT32" class="mw-redirect" title="FAT32">FAT32</a> </td> <td>4 GB - 1 byte </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hierarchical_File_System_(Apple)" title="Hierarchical File System (Apple)">HFS</a> </td> <td>2 GB </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/HFS%2B" class="mw-redirect" title="HFS+">HFS+</a> </td> <td>8 EB </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/High_Performance_File_System" title="High Performance File System">HPFS</a> </td> <td>2 GB </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/NTFS" title="NTFS">NTFS</a> </td> <td>16 EB - 1 KB </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Btrfs" title="Btrfs">Btrfs</a> </td> <td>16 EB </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Units_of_information">Units of information</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=File_size&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Units of information"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Units_of_information" title="Units of information">Units of information</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Bytes" class="mw-redirect" title="Bytes">Bytes</a> are the typical base unit of information. Larger files will typically have their sizes expressed using kilobyte, megabyte or gigabyte depending upon how large the file is. While these larger units are not as accurate as the byte size, most operating systems will expose the true byte size of a file by inspecting the file properties directly. Command line tools can also expose the exact byte size as well. </p><p>A file system may display all sizes with the metric system with only 'kB' on small files indicating it, while some file systems/operating systems would display sizes in, the traditionally used on computers, binary system for all sizes, e.g. 'KB', while hard disk manufacturers use the metric system (for e.g. GB = 1,000,000,000 bytes and TB = 1000 GB). </p><p>Kilobyte (KB) (JEDEC), is sometimes referred to unambiguously as <a href="/wiki/Kibibyte" class="mw-redirect" title="Kibibyte">kibibyte</a> (KiB)(IEC). Sometimes kB, with lower cased SI-prefix 'k-' for kilo (1000), is used, then always equaling 1000 bytes. </p><p>File transfers (e.g. "downloads") may use rates of units of bytes (e.g. MB/s) in binary rather than metric system, while networking hardware, such as <a href="/wiki/WiFi" class="mw-redirect" title="WiFi">WiFi</a>, always uses the metric system (Mbit/s, Gbit/s etc.). of units <b>of <a href="/wiki/Bit" title="Bit">bits</a></b> (and it needs to send more than the files themselves, so some overhead needs to be factored in), making superficially similar terms very incompatible.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=File_size&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Units_of_information" title="Units of information">Units of information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metric_prefix" title="Metric prefix">Metric prefix</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=File_size&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-note-1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-note-1_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Based on the format standard, individual implementations may have different limits. See respective file system article for details.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=File_size&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-J100B01-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-J100B01_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJEDEC_Solid_State_Technology_Association2019" class="citation web cs1">JEDEC Solid State Technology Association (November 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jedec.org/standards-documents/docs/jesd-100b01">"Terms, Definitions, and Letter Symbols for Microprocessors, and Memory Integrated Circuits"</a>. <i>JESD 100B.01</i>. p. 8<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-04-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=JESD+100B.01&rft.atitle=Terms%2C+Definitions%2C+and+Letter+Symbols+for+Microprocessors%2C+and+Memory+Integrated+Circuits&rft.pages=8&rft.date=2019-11&rft.au=JEDEC+Solid+State+Technology+Association&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jedec.org%2Fstandards-documents%2Fdocs%2Fjesd-100b01&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFile+size" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itprotoday.com/microsoft-sql-server/what-slack-space">"What is Slack Space?"</a>. <i>IT Pro</i>. 2010-01-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-02-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IT+Pro&rft.atitle=What+is+Slack+Space%3F&rft.date=2010-01-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.itprotoday.com%2Fmicrosoft-sql-server%2Fwhat-slack-space&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFile+size" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-efi-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-efi_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://download.microsoft.com/download/1/6/1/161ba512-40e2-4cc9-843a-923143f3456c/fatgen103.doc">"Microsoft Extensible Firmware Initiative FAT32 File System Specification, FAT: General Overview of On-Disk Format"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>. 2000-12-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-07-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Microsoft+Extensible+Firmware+Initiative+FAT32+File+System+Specification%2C+FAT%3A+General+Overview+of+On-Disk+Format&rft.pub=Microsoft&rft.date=2000-12-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdownload.microsoft.com%2Fdownload%2F1%2F6%2F1%2F161ba512-40e2-4cc9-843a-923143f3456c%2Ffatgen103.doc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFile+size" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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style="width:1%">Platform-dependent units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nibble" title="Nibble">nibble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byte" title="Byte">byte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syllable_(computing)" title="Syllable (computing)">syllable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Word_(computer_architecture)" title="Word (computer architecture)">word</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Metric bit units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kilobit" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilobit">kilobit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megabit" class="mw-redirect" title="Megabit">megabit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Metric byte units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kilobyte" title="Kilobyte">kilobyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megabyte" title="Megabyte">megabyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gigabyte" title="Gigabyte">gigabyte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Computer_files" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Computer_files" title="Template:Computer files"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Computer_files" title="Template talk:Computer files"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Computer_files" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Computer files"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Computer_files" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Computer_file" title="Computer file">Computer files</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Binary_file" title="Binary file">Binary file</a> / <a href="/wiki/Text_file" title="Text file">text file</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_file" title="Data file">Data file</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_format" title="File format">File format</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_file_formats" title="List of file formats">List of file formats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_file_signatures" title="List of file signatures">File signatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_number_(programming)" title="Magic number (programming)">Magic number</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_file_format" title="Open file format">Open file formats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_file_format" title="Proprietary file format">Proprietary file formats</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metafile" class="mw-redirect" title="Metafile">Metafile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidecar_file" title="Sidecar file">Sidecar file</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sparse_file" title="Sparse file">Sparse file</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swap_file" class="mw-redirect" title="Swap file">Swap file</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_file" title="System file">System file</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temporary_file" title="Temporary file">Temporary file</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero-byte_file" title="Zero-byte file">Zero-byte file</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Properties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Filename" title="Filename">Filename</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/8.3_filename" title="8.3 filename">8.3 filename</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_filename" title="Long filename">Long filename</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filename_mangling" title="Filename mangling">Filename mangling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filename_extension" title="Filename extension">Filename extension</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_filename_extensions" title="List of filename extensions">List of filename extensions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_attribute" title="File attribute">File attribute</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extended_file_attributes" title="Extended file attributes">Extended file attributes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">File size</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidden_file_and_hidden_directory" title="Hidden file and hidden directory">Hidden file / Hidden directory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Directory_(computing)" title="Directory (computing)">Directory/folder</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NTFS_links" title="NTFS links">NTFS links</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temporary_folder" title="Temporary folder">Temporary folder</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directory_structure" title="Directory structure">Directory structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_system" title="File system">File system</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Filesystem_Hierarchy_Standard" title="Filesystem Hierarchy Standard">Filesystem Hierarchy Standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grid_file_system" title="Grid file system">Grid file system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantic_file_system" title="Semantic file system">Semantic file system</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Path_(computing)" title="Path (computing)">Path</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/File_operation" class="mw-redirect" title="File operation">Operations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Open_(system_call)" title="Open (system call)">Open</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Close_(system_call)" title="Close (system call)">Close</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Read_(system_call)" title="Read (system call)">Read</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Write_(system_call)" title="Write (system call)">Write</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Linking</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File_descriptor" title="File descriptor">File descriptor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_link" title="Hard link">Hard link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shortcut_(computing)" title="Shortcut (computing)">Shortcut</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alias_(Mac_OS)" title="Alias (Mac OS)">Alias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_(OS/2)" title="Shadow (OS/2)">Shadow</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbolic_link" title="Symbolic link">Symbolic link</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Management</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a 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