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href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y">贡献</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n">讨论</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-概念來源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#概念來源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 概念來源 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-概念來源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-形式與方法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#形式與方法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 形式與方法 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-形式與方法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 歷史 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-歷史-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关歷史子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1950年至1970年" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1950年至1970年"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 1950年至1970年 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1950年至1970年-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1970年至1990年" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1970年至1990年"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 1970年至1990年 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1970年至1990年-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1990年至2000年" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1990年至2000年"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 1990年至2000年 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1990年至2000年-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21世紀" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21世紀"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 21世紀 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21世紀-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2010年-至今" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2010年-至今"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 2010年-至今 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2010年-至今-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-沉浸式體驗" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#沉浸式體驗"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 沉浸式體驗 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-沉浸式體驗-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关沉浸式體驗子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-沉浸式體驗-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-沉浸理論" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#沉浸理論"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 沉浸理論 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-沉浸理論-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-顯示器分辨率" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#顯示器分辨率"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 顯示器分辨率 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-顯示器分辨率-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-影像延遲時間與螢幕刷新率" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#影像延遲時間與螢幕刷新率"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 影像延遲時間與螢幕刷新率 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-影像延遲時間與螢幕刷新率-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-螢幕與人眼視野的對應關係" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#螢幕與人眼視野的對應關係"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 螢幕與人眼視野的對應關係 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-螢幕與人眼視野的對應關係-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-疑慮" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#疑慮"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 疑慮 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-疑慮-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关疑慮子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-疑慮-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-人體健康" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#人體健康"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 人體健康 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-人體健康-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-兒童和青少年的影響" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#兒童和青少年的影響"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 兒童和青少年的影響 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-兒童和青少年的影響-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-隱私權" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#隱私權"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 隱私權 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-隱私權-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-虛擬世界中性侵" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#虛擬世界中性侵"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 虛擬世界中性侵 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-虛擬世界中性侵-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-相關條目" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#相關條目"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 相關條目 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-相關條目-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考來源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考來源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 參考來源 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-參考來源-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关參考來源子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-參考來源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-書籍" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#書籍"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 書籍 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-書籍-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 外部链接 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="目录" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > 开关目录 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">虚拟现实</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。88种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-88" aria-hidden="true" > 88种语言 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skynwerklikheid" title="Skynwerklikheid – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Skynwerklikheid" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realidat_virtual" title="Realidat virtual – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Realidat virtual" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%8A" title="واقع افتراضي – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="واقع افتراضي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realid%C3%A1_virtual" title="Realidá virtual – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Realidá virtual" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_reall%C4%B1q" title="Virtual reallıq – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Virtual reallıq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="مجازی واقعیت – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مجازی واقعیت" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Віртуальная рэальнасць – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Віртуальная рэальнасць" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Віртуальная рэальнасьць – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Віртуальная рэальнасьць" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Виртуална реалност – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Виртуална реалност" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE" title="অপ্রকৃত বাস্তবতা – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অপ্রকৃত বাস্তবতা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%84%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%9F%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%9F%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8D" title="དངོས་དོན་རྟོག་བཟོ། – 藏语" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="དངོས་དོན་རྟོག་བཟོ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="藏语" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtualna_realnost" title="Virtualna realnost – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Virtualna realnost" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realitat_virtual" title="Realitat virtual – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Realitat virtual" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%AE%DB%95%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%B5%DB%8C" title="ڕاستیی خەیاڵی – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕاستیی خەیاڵی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtu%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_realita" title="Virtuální realita – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Virtuální realita" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhithwir" title="Rhithwir – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rhithwir" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_reality" title="Virtual reality – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Virtual reality" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtuelle_Realit%C3%A4t" title="Virtuelle Realität – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Virtuelle Realität" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CF%80%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Εικονική πραγματικότητα – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εικονική πραγματικότητα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_reality" title="Virtual reality – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Virtual reality" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtuala_realeco" title="Virtuala realeco – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Virtuala realeco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realidad_virtual" title="Realidad virtual – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Realidad virtual" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtuaalreaalsus" title="Virtuaalreaalsus – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Virtuaalreaalsus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Errealitate_birtual" title="Errealitate birtual – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Errealitate birtual" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="واقعیت مجازی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="واقعیت مجازی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtuaalitodellisuus" title="Virtuaalitodellisuus – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Virtuaalitodellisuus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9alit%C3%A9_virtuelle" title="Réalité virtuelle – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Réalité virtuelle" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9altacht_fh%C3%ADor%C3%BAil" title="Réaltacht fhíorúil – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Réaltacht fhíorúil" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realidade_virtual" title="Realidade virtual – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Realidade virtual" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_reality" title="Virtual reality – 夏威夷语" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Virtual reality" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="夏威夷语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%94" title="מציאות מדומה – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מציאות מדומה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5" title="आभासी यथार्थ – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आभासी यथार्थ" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtualni_svijet" title="Virtualni svijet – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Virtualni svijet" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtu%C3%A1lis_val%C3%B3s%C3%A1g" title="Virtuális valóság – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Virtuális valóság" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%AC_%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Վիրտուալ իրականություն – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վիրտուալ իրականություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realitas_virtual" title="Realitas virtual – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Realitas virtual" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_realit%C3%A1" title="Virtual realitá – 国际文字（E）" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Virtual realitá" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="国际文字（E）" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtuala_Realeso_(VR)" title="Virtuala Realeso (VR) – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Virtuala Realeso (VR)" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BDndarveruleiki" title="Sýndarveruleiki – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sýndarveruleiki" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realt%C3%A0_virtuale" title="Realtà virtuale – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Realtà virtuale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AA%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3" title="バーチャル・リアリティ – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="バーチャル・リアリティ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasunyatan_amurta" title="Kasunyatan amurta – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kasunyatan amurta" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="ვირტუალური რეალობა – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვირტუალური რეალობა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D2%9B" title="Виртуалды шындық – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Виртуалды шындық" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9A%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BF" title="ವರ್ಚುಯಲ್ ರಿಯಾಲಿಟಿ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವರ್ಚುಯಲ್ ರಿಯಾಲಿಟಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EC%83%81_%ED%98%84%EC%8B%A4" title="가상 현실 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="가상 현실" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%83_%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Виртуалдуу аныктык – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Виртуалдуу аныктык" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realitas_virtualis" title="Realitas virtualis – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Realitas virtualis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtuali_realyb%C4%97" title="Virtuali realybė – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Virtuali realybė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtu%C4%81l%C4%81_realit%C4%81te" title="Virtuālā realitāte – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Virtuālā realitāte" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Виртуелна реалност – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Виртуелна реалност" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF" title="വെർച്വൽ റിയാലിറ്റി – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വെർച്വൽ റിയാലിറ്റി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Виртуал бодит байдал – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Виртуал бодит байдал" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realiti_maya" title="Realiti maya – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Realiti maya" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9E%E1%80%BD%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9A%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%95%E1%80%80%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD" title="အသွင်ယောင် ပကတိ – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အသွင်ယောင် ပကတိ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtuele_warkelikheid" title="Virtuele warkelikheid – 低萨克森语" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Virtuele warkelikheid" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="低萨克森语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtuele_werkelijkheid" title="Virtuele werkelijkheid – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Virtuele werkelijkheid" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtuell_virkelighet" title="Virtuell virkelighet – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Virtuell virkelighet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realitat_virtuala" title="Realitat virtuala – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Realitat virtuala" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A4" title="ਆਭਾਸੀ ਅਸਲੀਅਤ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਆਭਾਸੀ ਅਸਲੀਅਤ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rzeczywisto%C5%9B%C4%87_wirtualna" title="Rzeczywistość wirtualna – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rzeczywistość wirtualna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D8%AD%D9%82%DB%8C%D9%82%D8%AA" title="مجازی حقیقت – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مجازی حقیقت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realidade_virtual" title="Realidade virtual – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Realidade virtual" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirma_sullull_kay" title="Sirma sullull kay – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Sirma sullull kay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realitate_virtual%C4%83" title="Realitate virtuală – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Realitate virtuală" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Виртуальная реальность – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Виртуальная реальность" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Віртуална реалность – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Віртуална реалность" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtuelna_stvarnost" title="Virtuelna stvarnost – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Virtuelna stvarnost" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_reality" title="Virtual reality – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Virtual reality" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtu%C3%A1lna_realita" title="Virtuálna realita – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Virtuálna realita" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navidezna_resni%C4%8Dnost" title="Navidezna resničnost – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Navidezna resničnost" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realiteti_virtual" title="Realiteti virtual – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Realiteti virtual" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Виртуелна стварност – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Виртуелна стварност" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtuell_verklighet" title="Virtuell verklighet – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Virtuell verklighet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88" title="தோற்ற மெய்ம்மை – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தோற்ற மெய்ம்மை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9A%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%80" title="వర్చువల్ రియాలిటీ – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="వర్చువల్ రియాలిటీ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="ความเป็นจริงเสมือน – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ความเป็นจริงเสมือน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanal_ger%C3%A7eklik" title="Sanal gerçeklik – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sanal gerçeklik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%95%DB%8B%DA%BE%DB%87%D9%85_%D8%B1%DB%90%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%89%D9%82" title="مەۋھۇم رېئاللىق – 维吾尔语" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="مەۋھۇم رېئاللىق" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="维吾尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Віртуальна реальність – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Віртуальна реальність" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D8%AD%D9%82%DB%8C%D9%82%D8%AA" title="مجازی حقیقت – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مجازی حقیقت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_reallik" title="Virtual reallik – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Virtual reallik" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BB%B1c_t%E1%BA%BF_%E1%BA%A3o" title="Thực tế ảo – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thực tế ảo" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reyalidad_birtuwal" title="Reyalidad birtuwal – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Reyalidad birtuwal" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E7%8E%B0%E5%AE%9E" title="虚拟现实 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="虚拟现实" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hi-g%C3%AD_si%CC%8Dt-k%C3%A9ng" title="Hi-gí si̍t-kéng – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hi-gí si̍t-kéng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%99%9B%E6%93%AC%E5%AF%A6%E5%A2%83" title="虛擬實境 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="虛擬實境" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indwalazo" title="Indwalazo – 祖鲁语" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Indwalazo" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="祖鲁语" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q170519#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu 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class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-noteTA-f3e2a619" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><img alt="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/35px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/53px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/70px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="20" /></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle">（重定向自<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%99%9B%E6%93%AC%E7%8F%BE%E5%AF%A6&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="虛擬現實">虛擬現實</a>）</div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><div id="noteTA-f3e2a619" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-group"><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="IT"></div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a>「VR」重定向至此。关于其他用法，请见「<a href="/wiki/VR_(%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89)" class="mw-disambig" title="VR (消歧义)">VR (消歧义)</a>」。</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Confusion_grey.svg/25px-Confusion_grey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Confusion_grey.svg/38px-Confusion_grey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Confusion_grey.svg/50px-Confusion_grey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="200" /></a>提示：此条目的主题不是<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%A1%E6%93%AC%E5%AF%A6%E5%A2%83" title="模擬實境">模擬實境</a>。</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:VR-Helm.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/VR-Helm.jpg/340px-VR-Helm.jpg" decoding="async" width="340" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/VR-Helm.jpg/510px-VR-Helm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/VR-Helm.jpg/680px-VR-Helm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="1960" /></a><figcaption>虛擬實境跳傘訓練</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; float: right;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:;">「Virtual Reality」的各地常用譯名</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; background-color:; min-width: 30%; max-width: 30%;;">中国大陸</th><td class="infobox-data" style="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 1rem; min-width: 70%; max-width: 70%;;">虚拟现实 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; background-color:; min-width: 30%; max-width: 30%;;">臺灣</th><td class="infobox-data" style="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 1rem; min-width: 70%; max-width: 70%;;">虛擬實境 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; background-color:; min-width: 30%; max-width: 30%;;">香港</th><td class="infobox-data" style="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 1rem; min-width: 70%; max-width: 70%;;">虛擬實境 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; background-color:; min-width: 30%; max-width: 30%;;">澳門</th><td class="infobox-data" style="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 1rem; min-width: 70%; max-width: 70%;;">虛擬實境 虛擬實景 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; background-color:; min-width: 30%; max-width: 30%;;">新加坡</th><td class="infobox-data" style="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 1rem; min-width: 70%; max-width: 70%;;">虚拟实境 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; background-color:; min-width: 30%; max-width: 30%;;">馬來西亞</th><td class="infobox-data" style="white-space: nowrap; font-size: 1rem; min-width: 70%; max-width: 70%;;">虚拟实境 </td></tr></tbody></table> 虛擬實境（英語：Virtual reality，縮寫VR），簡稱虛擬環境，是利用電腦模擬產生一個三維空間的<a href="/wiki/%E8%99%9B%E6%93%AC%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="虛擬世界">虛擬世界</a>，提供使用者關於視覺等感官的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%A1%E6%93%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="模擬">模擬</a>體驗，通過<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A7%BF%E5%8B%A2%E8%BF%BD%E8%B8%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="姿勢追踪（页面不存在）">姿勢追踪</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pose_tracking" class="extiw" title="en:Pose tracking">Pose_tracking</a>）和<a href="/w/index.php?title=3D%E9%A1%AF%E7%A4%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3D顯示（页面不存在）">3D顯示</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_display" class="extiw" title="en:3D display">3D_display</a>）器，使使用者能夠感受沉浸式體驗。這種技術的應用範圍涵蓋娛樂（特別是<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E6%B8%B8%E6%88%8F" title="电子游戏">电子游戏</a>）、教育（例如醫學或軍事培訓）和商業領域（如虛擬會議）。虛擬現實的另外兩種顯著類型是<a href="/wiki/%E6%93%B4%E5%A2%9E%E5%AF%A6%E5%A2%83" title="擴增實境">擴增實境</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%B7%E5%90%88%E7%8E%B0%E5%AE%9E" title="混合现实">混合现实</a>，有時統稱為擴展現實或XR，儘管由於行業尚處初期，對其準確的定義目前仍在發生變化。<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> 目前，標準的虛擬現實系統使用<a href="/wiki/%E8%99%9B%E6%93%AC%E5%AF%A6%E5%A2%83%E7%9C%BC%E9%8F%A1" title="虛擬實境眼鏡">虛擬實境眼鏡</a>或多投影環境生成逼真的圖像、聲音和其他感覺，模擬使用者在虛擬環境中的真實存在。使用虛擬現實設備的人能夠四處觀察、移動，並與其他的虛擬功能或物品進行互動。通常情況下，這種效果是通過<a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%AD%E6%88%B4%E5%BC%8F%E9%A1%AF%E7%A4%BA%E5%99%A8" title="頭戴式顯示器">頭戴式顯示器</a>創建的，該頭盔包含一個戴在使用者眼前的螢幕，但也可以通過擁有多個大螢幕的特殊設計房間實現。虛擬現實通常包括<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%BD%E8%A6%BA%E5%8F%8D%E9%A5%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="聽覺反饋（页面不存在）">聽覺反饋</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auditory_feedback" class="extiw" title="en:Auditory feedback">Auditory_feedback</a>）和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A6%96%E8%A6%BA%E5%8F%8D%E9%A5%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="視覺反饋（页面不存在）">視覺反饋</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_feedback" class="extiw" title="en:Video feedback">Video_feedback</a>），同時也可以通過<a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AF%E5%8A%A8%E5%8F%8D%E9%A6%88" title="振动反馈">振动反馈</a>提供其他感覺和力的反饋。 <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="概念來源">概念來源</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E7%8E%B0%E5%AE%9E&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：概念來源">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Worldskin-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Worldskin-01.jpg/220px-Worldskin-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Worldskin-01.jpg/330px-Worldskin-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Worldskin-01.jpg/440px-Worldskin-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>《世界之表象（World Skin）》（1997）<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E7%BA%B3%E6%B0%B8" title="莫里斯·贝纳永">莫里斯·贝纳永</a>的虛擬實境作品</figcaption></figure> 「虛擬」一詞自15世紀中葉以來一直具有「在實質或效果上是某物，儘管實際上或事實上並非如此」的含義。自1959年以來，「虛擬」這個詞在電腦上的含義是「不存在於<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E5%AF%A6" title="現實">現實</a>，但被<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6" title="软件">软件</a>呈現」的概念。<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> 「虛擬實境」術語的最早起源可以追溯到1938年，法國前衛劇作家<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%89%98%E5%8D%97%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E6%89%98" title="安托南·阿尔托">安托南·阿尔托</a>在一本名為《戏剧及其重影》的散文集中，將戲劇中人物和物體的虛幻性描述為“虛擬實境（la réalité virtuelle）。該書的英文翻譯於1958年出版，名為《劇場及其重影》（The Theater and its Double），是針對「虛擬實境」一詞的最早發表。「<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E9%80%A0%E7%8F%BE%E5%AF%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="人造現實（页面不存在）">人造現實</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_reality" class="extiw" title="en:Artificial reality">Artificial reality</a>）」這一術語則由<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%88%E4%BC%A6%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E9%B2%81%E6%A0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="迈伦·克鲁格（页面不存在）">迈伦·克鲁格</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myron_W._Krueger" class="extiw" title="en:Myron W. Krueger">Myron W. Krueger</a>）創造，並從20世紀70年代使用至今。 1982年，「虛擬現實」的術語在<a href="/w/index.php?title=Damien_Broderick&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Damien Broderick（页面不存在）">Damien Broderick</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%94%E7%B1%B3%E6%81%A9%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E7%BE%85%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B" class="extiw" title="en:達米恩·布羅德里克">達米恩·布羅德里克</a>）的科幻小說《裏斯曼達拉》（The Judas Mandala）中以首次作為科幻背景設定使用，但其中使用的範圍與上述定義有些不同。由<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E6%B4%A5%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="牛津词典">牛津词典</a>列举的最早使用是在1987年的一篇题为“Virtual Reality”的文章，<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a>但說明的並非是如今意義上的虛擬實境技術。 當代用法的「虛擬實境」則是由<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B0%E4%BC%A6%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%BC%E5%B0%94" title="杰伦·拉尼尔">杰伦·拉尼尔</a>和他的公司<a href="/w/index.php?title=VPL_Research&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VPL Research（页面不存在）">VPL Research</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VPL_Research" class="extiw" title="en:VPL Research">VPL Research</a>）創造并推廣。VPL Research持有許多80年代中期的VR技術專利，他們開發了第一個被廣泛使用的頭戴式可视设备（Head Mount Display，HMD）EyePhone和觸覺輸出設備<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E6%89%8B%E5%A5%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="数据手套（页面不存在）">数据手套</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DataGlove" class="extiw" title="en:DataGlove">DataGlove</a>）<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a>虚拟现实的概念是由电影比如《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A0%AD%E8%85%A6%E9%A2%A8%E6%9A%B4_(1983%E5%B9%B4%E7%94%B5%E5%BD%B1)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="頭腦風暴 (1983年电影)（页面不存在）">頭腦風暴</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brainstorm_(1983_film)" class="extiw" title="en:Brainstorm (1983 film)">Brainstorm (1983 film)</a>）（Brainstorm）》、《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%89%B2%E8%8D%89%E8%80%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="割草者（页面不存在）">割草者</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lawnmower_Man_(film)" class="extiw" title="en:The Lawnmower Man (film)">The Lawnmower Man (film)</a>）》才逐漸向大眾普及的。20世纪90年代的VR研究热潮是伴随着<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9C%8D%E5%8D%8E%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%8E%B1%E6%81%A9%E6%A0%BC%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="霍华德·莱恩格尔德（页面不存在）">霍华德·莱恩格尔德</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Rheingold" class="extiw" title="en:Howard Rheingold">Howard Rheingold</a>）的非小说类书籍《虛擬實境》（1991）。<a href="#cite_note-Rh-5">[5]</a>這本書將這個名詞去神秘化，使得更易於初級技術者和愛好者理解。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="形式與方法">形式與方法</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E7%8E%B0%E5%AE%9E&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：形式與方法">编辑</a>]</div> 虛擬實境（VR）的主要實現方法涉及創造一個基於類比的<a href="/wiki/%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C" title="虚拟世界">虚拟世界</a>。以駕駛模擬器為例，這種系統通過預測駕駛員的輸入和模擬車輛的運動，提供相應的視覺、運動和聽覺回饋，使駕駛員感受到實際駕駛的真實感。其中，一般的虛擬實境設備至少包含一個螢幕、一組感測器及一組計算元件，這些東西被組裝在這個設備中．螢幕用來顯示仿真的影像，投射在使用者的視網膜上、感測器則用來感知使用者的旋轉角度、計算元件則收集感測器的資料，決定螢幕顯示的畫面為何，額外的設備可能包括一台高階電腦，用以補充計算元件的不足，也是把手及定位器，用以偵測使用者的位置。 使用基於<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B4%E5%83%8F" title="头像">头像</a>圖像的虛擬實境，人們可以以實時影像和頭像的形式參與虛擬環境。使用者可以使用標準頭像或實時影像，在由<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%BB%B4%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E5%9B%BE%E5%BD%A2" title="三维计算机图形">三维计算机图形</a>創造的虛擬環境中與其他人互動，參與的方式取決於系統的能力。在基於投影的虛擬實境中，針對現實環境的建模對各種虛擬實境應用也相當重要，包括機器人導航、建築建模和飛機類比。基於圖像的虛擬實境系統在<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E5%9B%BE%E5%BD%A2" title="计算机图形">计算机图形</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E8%A7%86%E8%A7%89" title="计算机视觉">计算机视觉</a>領域中越來越受歡迎。在生成逼真模型時，需要準確註冊獲得的3D數據，通常使用攝影機對距離較近的小物體進行建模。 基於桌面的虛擬實境是指在常規<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E6%98%BE%E7%A4%BA%E5%99%A8" title="计算机显示器">计算机显示器</a>上顯示3D虛擬世界，而無需使用任何專業的虛擬實境定位追蹤裝置。這種技術廣泛應用於<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E4%BA%BA%E7%A7%B0%E8%A7%86%E8%A7%92%E6%B8%B8%E6%88%8F" title="第一人称视角游戏">第一人称视角游戏</a>，使用各種觸發器、響應性NPC角色和其他互動裝置，使使用者感受自己置身於虛擬世界中。然而，這種沉浸形式普遍受到批評，因為它缺乏<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%91%A8%E9%82%8A%E8%A6%96%E8%A6%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="周邊視覺（页面不存在）">周邊視覺</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheral_vision" class="extiw" title="en:Peripheral vision">Peripheral_vision</a>）感，限制了使用者對周圍環境的理解能力。 相比之下，<a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%AD%E6%88%B4%E5%BC%8F%E9%A1%AF%E7%A4%BA%E5%99%A8" title="頭戴式顯示器">頭戴式顯示器</a>（HMD）能夠更充分地讓使用者沉浸在虛擬世界中。<a href="/wiki/%E8%99%9B%E6%93%AC%E5%AF%A6%E5%A2%83%E7%9C%BC%E9%8F%A1" title="虛擬實境眼鏡">虛擬實境眼鏡</a>通常包括兩個小型的高解析度<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%A9%9F%E7%99%BC%E5%85%89%E4%BA%8C%E6%A5%B5%E9%AB%94" title="有機發光二極體">OLED</a>或<a href="/wiki/LCD" class="mw-redirect" title="LCD">LCD</a>顯示器，為每隻<a href="/wiki/3D%E7%9C%BC%E9%8F%A1" title="3D眼鏡">3D眼鏡</a>提供單獨的影像以實現立體圖形渲染形成3D虛擬世界。這些HMD還配備聲<a href="/wiki/3D%E9%9F%B3%E6%95%88" title="3D音效">3D音效</a>系統，以及提供六自由度運動的位置和旋轉實時<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E4%BD%9C%E6%8D%95%E6%8D%89" title="动作捕捉">动作捕捉</a>。一些HMD還提供帶有觸覺回饋的運動控制，使使用者能夠以直觀的方式在虛擬世界中進行物理互動，幾乎沒有抽象的概念，甚至還有<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A8%E6%96%B9%E4%BD%8D%E8%B7%91%E6%AD%A5%E6%A9%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="全方位跑步機（页面不存在）">全方位跑步機</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omnidirectional_treadmill" class="extiw" title="en:Omnidirectional treadmill">Omnidirectional_treadmill</a>）提供更多身體運動的自由度，使使用者能夠在任何方向上自由運動。 在其他分類中，<a href="/wiki/%E6%93%B4%E5%A2%9E%E5%AF%A6%E5%A2%83" title="擴增實境">擴增實境</a>（AR）是一種將使用者在真實環境中看到的景象與由計算機軟體生成的數位內容融合的虛擬實境技術。AR系統透過頭戴式顯示器、智慧型眼鏡或行動裝置的攝像機實時影像將虛擬資訊層疊在真實環境中，使使用者能夠檢視增強的三維影像。<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%A1%E6%93%AC%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="模擬理論">模擬現實</a>是一種假設的擴增實境，該理論將能夠使用戶產生現實一樣真正身臨其境，能夠實現先進的逼真體驗，甚至達到虛擬上的「永恆」。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歷史">歷史</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E7%8E%B0%E5%AE%9E&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：歷史">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:View-Master_with_Reel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/View-Master_with_Reel.jpg/220px-View-Master_with_Reel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/View-Master_with_Reel.jpg/330px-View-Master_with_Reel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/View-Master_with_Reel.jpg/440px-View-Master_with_Reel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="806" data-file-height="692" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/View-Master" title="View-Master">View-Master</a>3D觀影器</figcaption></figure> 在<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%97%9D%E5%BE%A9%E8%88%88%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="文藝復興時期">文藝復興時期</a>，對於歐洲藝術中<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%8F%E8%A7%86%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="透视法">透視法</a>的發展和<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%83%A0%E6%96%AF%E9%80%9A" title="查爾斯·惠斯通">查爾斯·惠斯通</a>爵士發明的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9E%E4%BD%93%E9%95%9C" title="实体镜">实体镜</a>被視為虛擬實境的先驅。1935年，美國小說家<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%BC%E5%8B%9E%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E6%BA%AB%E9%AE%91%E5%A7%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="格勞曼·斯坦利·溫鮑姆（页面不存在）">格勞曼·斯坦利·溫鮑姆</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_G._Weinbaum" class="extiw" title="en:Stanley G. Weinbaum">Stanley G. Weinbaum</a>）的科幻小說《皮格马利翁的眼镜》（Pygmalion's Spectacles）<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a>，被认为探讨虚拟现实系統的第一部科幻作品，简短的故事中詳細地描述了包括嗅觉、觸觉和全息护目镜为基础的虚拟现实系统。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1950年至1970年">1950年至1970年</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E7%8E%B0%E5%AE%9E&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：1950年至1970年">编辑</a>]</div> 1950年代，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8E%AB%E9%A0%93%C2%B7%E6%B5%B7%E5%88%A9%E5%B8%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="莫頓·海利希（页面不存在）">莫頓·海利希</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morton_Heilig" class="extiw" title="en:Morton Heilig">Morton_Heilig</a>）提出了一種「體驗劇場」的概念，旨在以全方位的方式包含所有感官，讓觀眾完全融入螢幕上的活動。他於1962年建造了他構想的原型，被稱為「<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sensorama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sensorama（页面不存在）">Sensorama</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensorama" class="extiw" title="en:Sensorama">Sensorama</a>）」的機械裝置，同時製作了五部跨足多種感官，包括視覺、聽覺、嗅覺和觸覺的短片作為展示。此外，海利希還發明了他所稱的「遙視頭盔」（1960年申請專利），該頭盔被描述為「用於個人使用的望遠鏡電視裝置...觀眾可以完全感受到現實感，即彩色的移動三維圖像，擁有100％的周邊視野，雙耳立體聲聲音，氣味和微風。」<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> 1968年，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%87%A1%C2%B7%E8%98%87%E6%BE%A4%E8%98%AD" title="伊凡·蘇澤蘭">伊凡·蘇澤蘭</a>在他的學生<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7F%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E6%99%AE%E7%BE%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羅伯特·F·斯普羅（页面不存在）">羅伯特·F·斯普羅</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Sproull" class="extiw" title="en:Bob Sproull">Bob Sproull</a>）的協助下，創造了被廣泛認為是用於沉浸式模擬應用的第一個頭戴式顯示器系統，名為《<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%94%E6%91%A9%E5%85%8B%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF%E4%B9%8B%E5%8A%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="達摩克利斯之劍">達摩克利斯之劍</a>》。該系統在<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%95%8C%E9%9D%A2" title="用户界面">用户界面</a>和視覺寫實性方面相對原始，而用戶佩戴的頭戴式顯示器非常沉重，必須懸掛在天花板上，技術上來說，這個裝置可被視為一種擴增實境設備，因為它具有光學通過功能。該裝置所呈現的虛擬環境是一個由簡單的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%BF%E6%A1%86%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="线框模型">线框模型</a>構成的房間。<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1970年至1990年">1970年至1990年</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E7%8E%B0%E5%AE%9E&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：1970年至1990年">编辑</a>]</div> 1970年至1990年期間，虛擬實境主要提供用於醫學、飛行模擬、汽車工業設計和軍事培訓等用途的設備。<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Virtual_Reality_Headset_Prototype.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Virtual_Reality_Headset_Prototype.jpg/220px-Virtual_Reality_Headset_Prototype.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Virtual_Reality_Headset_Prototype.jpg/330px-Virtual_Reality_Headset_Prototype.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Virtual_Reality_Headset_Prototype.jpg/440px-Virtual_Reality_Headset_Prototype.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4068" data-file-height="3074" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="艾姆斯研究中心">艾姆斯研究中心</a>於1985年所設計的LEEP虛擬實境眼鏡。</figcaption></figure> 在1977年至1984年間，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E8%A1%9B%C2%B7%E8%89%BE%E5%A7%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大衛·艾姆（页面不存在）">大衛·艾姆</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Em" class="extiw" title="en:David Em">David Em</a>）成為<a href="/wiki/NASA" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA">NASA</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%B7%E6%B0%94%E6%8E%A8%E8%BF%9B%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E5%AE%A4" title="喷气推进实验室">喷气推进实验室</a>首位製作可導航虛擬世界的藝術家。他創建的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E6%96%AF%E5%BD%AD%E9%9B%BB%E5%BD%B1%E5%9C%B0%E5%9C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿斯彭電影地圖（页面不存在）">阿斯彭電影地圖</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspen_Movie_Map" class="extiw" title="en:Aspen Movie Map">Aspen Movie Map</a>）是一個粗糙的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%99%9B%E6%93%AC%E6%97%85%E9%81%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="虛擬旅遊（页面不存在）">虛擬旅遊</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_tour" class="extiw" title="en:Virtual tour">Virtual_tour</a>）系統，允許用戶在三種街頭模式（<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E5%AD%A3" title="夏季">夏季</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%AC%E5%AD%A3" title="冬季">冬季</a>和三維）中徜徉<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E7%BE%85%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%9A%E5%B7%9E" title="科羅拉多州">科羅拉多州</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%96%AF%E5%BD%AD" title="阿斯彭">阿斯彭</a>的街道，他於1978年在<a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%BB%E7%9C%81%E7%90%86%E5%B7%A5%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" title="麻省理工学院">麻省理工学院</a>創建。<a href="#cite_note-Creative_Computing_March_1982-10">[10]</a>1979年，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%89%BE%E7%91%9E%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E8%B1%AA%E5%88%97%E7%89%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="艾瑞克·豪列特（页面不存在）">艾瑞克·豪列特</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Howlett" class="extiw" title="en:Eric Howlett">Eric Howlett</a>）開發了大範圍、額外透視（LEEP）光學系統。這一系統創造一個具有足夠寬視野的立體影像，以實現令人信服的空間感。用戶對系統提供的深度（<a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%96%E9%87%8E" title="視野">視野</a>）感覺以及相應的逼真感印象深刻。原始的LEEP系統於1985年為NASA的<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="艾姆斯研究中心">艾姆斯研究中心</a>重新設計，用於由<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E8%B2%BB%E9%9B%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="斯科特·費雪（页面不存在）">斯科特·費雪</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Fisher_(technologist)" class="extiw" title="en:Scott Fisher (technologist)">Scott_Fisher_(technologist)</a>）開發的首個虛擬現實裝置VIEW（虛擬互動環境工作站）在此後，LEEP系統為大多數現代虛擬實境眼鏡提供了基礎。 到了1980年代末，「虛擬實境」這一術語由該領域的現代先驅之一<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B0%E5%80%AB%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%BC%E7%88%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="杰倫·拉尼爾">杰倫·拉尼爾</a>普及。拉尼爾於1984年創辦了<a href="/w/index.php?title=VPL_Research&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VPL Research（页面不存在）">VPL Research</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VPL_Research" class="extiw" title="en:VPL Research">VPL Research</a>）公司，該公司開發了多種虛擬現實設備，如<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E7%B7%9A%E6%89%8B%E5%A5%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有線手套（页面不存在）">有線手套</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DataGlove" class="extiw" title="en:DataGlove">DataGlove</a>）、EyePhone、Reality Built For Two（RB2）和AudioSphere。VPL將有線手套技術授權給<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B3%B0%E5%85%92" title="美泰兒">美泰兒</a>，用於製造<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%8A%9B%E6%89%8B%E5%A5%97" title="威力手套">威力手套</a>，成為當時最為經濟實惠的虛擬實境設備使用。1982年，<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E8%BE%BE%E5%88%A9%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="雅达利有限公司">雅达利有限公司</a>成立了一個虛擬實境研究實驗室，然而受到<a href="/wiki/1983%E5%B9%B4%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%B8%B8%E6%88%8F%E4%B8%9A%E5%A4%A7%E8%90%A7%E6%9D%A1" title="1983年美国游戏业大萧条">1983年美国游戏业大萧条</a>的影響導致公司在兩年後關閉。旗下員工如拉尼爾、托馬斯·G·齊默爾曼（Thomas G. Zimmerman）<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> 、斯科特·費雪，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%82%81%E5%85%8B%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E5%A5%88%E7%91%AA%E5%85%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="邁克爾·奈瑪克（页面不存在）">邁克爾·奈瑪克</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Naimark" class="extiw" title="en:Michael Naimark">Michael Naimark</a>）和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%83%E8%98%AD%E9%81%94%C2%B7%E5%8B%9E%E9%9B%B7%E7%88%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="布蘭達·勞雷爾（页面不存在）">布蘭達·勞雷爾</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brenda_Laurel" class="extiw" title="en:Brenda Laurel">Brenda Laurel</a>）仍繼續從事與虛擬實境相關技術的研究和開發。 1988年，<a href="/wiki/Autodesk" title="Autodesk">Autodesk</a>的網路空間專案成為首個在低成本個人電腦上實現虛擬實境的項目<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a>。項目負責人埃里克·古利克森（Eric Gullichsen）於1990年離開公司創立Sense8 Corporation，開發了WorldToolKit虛擬實境<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E9%AB%94%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E5%A5%97%E4%BB%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="軟體開發套件">軟體開發套件</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> ，該軟體開發套件在電腦上提供了第一個實時<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%90%E8%B4%A8%E8%B4%B4%E5%9B%BE" title="材质贴图">材质贴图</a>映射，並在整個產業和領域已廣泛應用。<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> 在此期間，=虚拟现实並不廣為人知，然而隨著媒體的報導在80年代末逐漸增加。並針對其概念提出多種討論，如將其視為<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%BD%E5%8D%9A%E6%9C%8B%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="賽博朋克">賽博朋克</a>社會變革的潛在手段，毒品文化則稱讚虛擬現實不僅是一種新的藝術形式，更是一個全新的領域<a href="#cite_note-:0-17">[17]</a>。隨著=虚拟现实開始吸引媒體的報導，人們開始意識到虛擬現實潛力。有些媒體甚至將虛擬現實與<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%8A%E7%89%B9%E5%85%84%E5%BC%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="萊特兄弟">萊特兄弟</a>發明<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9B%E6%A9%9F" title="飛機">飛機</a>相比<a href="#cite_note-:1-18">[18]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1990年至2000年">1990年至2000年</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E7%8E%B0%E5%AE%9E&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：1990年至2000年">编辑</a>]</div> 1990年代是消費者頭戴式設備首次大規模商業發售的時期。1992年，《<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C" title="電腦遊戲世界">電腦遊戲世界</a>》預測到「到1994年，VR 將成為人們買得起的產品」<a href="#cite_note-engler1992-19">[19]</a>。 1991年，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E5%98%89" title="世嘉">世嘉</a>宣布推出用於<a href="/wiki/Mega_Drive" title="Mega Drive">Mega Drive</a>家用遊戲機的<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sega_VR&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sega VR（页面不存在）">Sega VR</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sega_VR" class="extiw" title="en:Sega VR">Sega VR</a>）頭戴式設備。該設備使用頭盔上的LCD屏幕、立體聲耳機和慣性感應器，使系統能夠追蹤並對用戶頭部的動作做出反應<a href="#cite_note-Horowitz-20">[20]</a>。同年，Virtuality Group公司推出了<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E7%8E%B0%E5%AE%9E%E5%A8%9B%E6%A8%82%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="虚拟现实娛樂系統（页面不存在）">虚拟现实娛樂系統</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtuality_(product)" class="extiw" title="en:Virtuality (product)">Virtuality_(product)</a>），成為第一個大規模生產、網絡化、多人參與的虚拟现实娛樂系統。該系統在全球多個地方推出，包括在<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E6%B2%B3%E7%A0%81%E5%A4%B4%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="内河码头中心">内河码头中心</a>設置的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E9%81%8A%E6%A8%82%E5%A0%B4" title="電子遊樂場">電子遊樂場</a>。每個娛樂系統系統的成本高達73,000美元，配備頭戴式設備和手套，提供了最早的「沉浸式」虛擬現實體驗<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CAVE_at_INL%27s_CAES_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/CAVE_at_INL%27s_CAES_001.jpg/220px-CAVE_at_INL%27s_CAES_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/CAVE_at_INL%27s_CAES_001.jpg/330px-CAVE_at_INL%27s_CAES_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/CAVE_at_INL%27s_CAES_001.jpg/440px-CAVE_at_INL%27s_CAES_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4256" data-file-height="2832" /></a><figcaption>2010年，IDL高級能源研究中心的CAVE系統</figcaption></figure> 同年，來自<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E8%A6%96%E8%A6%BA%E5%8C%96%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97%E5%AE%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="電子視覺化實驗室（页面不存在）">電子視覺化實驗室</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_Visualization_Laboratory" class="extiw" title="en:Electronic Visualization Laboratory">Electronic_Visualization_Laboratory</a>）的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E7%BE%85%E8%90%8A%E7%B4%8D%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E9%AD%AF%E8%8C%B2-%E5%85%A7%E6%8B%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卡羅萊納·克魯茲-內拉（页面不存在）">卡羅萊納·克魯茲-內拉</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolina_Cruz-Neira" class="extiw" title="en:Carolina Cruz-Neira">Carolina Cruz-Neira</a>）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%B9%E5%B0%BC%E7%88%BE%C2%B7J%C2%B7%E6%A1%91%E4%B8%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="丹尼爾·J·桑丁（页面不存在）">丹尼爾·J·桑丁</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_J._Sandin" class="extiw" title="en:Daniel J. Sandin">Daniel J. Sandin</a>）和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%98%E9%A6%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7A%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E5%87%A1%E8%92%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="托馬斯·A·德凡蒂（页面不存在）">托馬斯·A·德凡蒂</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_A._DeFanti" class="extiw" title="en:Thomas A. DeFanti">Thomas A. DeFanti</a>）創建了第一個立方體沉浸式房間，即<a href="/w/index.php?title=CAVE%E8%87%AA%E5%8B%95%E8%99%9B%E6%93%AC%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CAVE自動虛擬環境（页面不存在）">CAVE自動虛擬環境</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cave_automatic_virtual_environment" class="extiw" title="en:Cave automatic virtual environment">Cave_automatic_virtual_environment</a>）。該系統則根據克魯茲-內拉的博士論文所開發，皆產生一個多投影環境，允許人們看到他們的身體以及與房間中其他物體的關係<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-Arkansas_Online_Niera-23">[23]</a>。MIT畢業生兼NASA科學家安東尼奧·梅迪納則設計了一個虛擬現實系統，可以實時「操控」地球上的火星探測器，盡管存在相當大的延遲。<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> 1992年，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A6%AE%E5%8F%AF%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E6%A0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="妮可·斯坦格（页面不存在）">妮可·斯坦格</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicole_Stenger" class="extiw" title="en:Nicole Stenger">Nicole Stenger</a>）創建了《天使》(Angels)，這是第一部實時互動的沉浸式電影，互動是通過數據手套和高分辨率眼鏡實現的。同年，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%BE%85%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="路易斯·羅森堡（页面不存在）">路易斯·羅森堡</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Rosenberg" class="extiw" title="en:Louis Rosenberg">Louis Rosenberg</a>）在美國空軍<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%9C%97%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97%E5%AE%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿姆斯特朗實驗室（页面不存在）">阿姆斯特朗實驗室</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armstrong_Laboratory" class="extiw" title="en:Armstrong Laboratory">Armstrong_Laboratory</a>）創建了虛擬夾具系統，使用全身<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E9%AA%A8%E9%AA%BC" title="外骨骼">外骨骼</a>，實現了物理上逼真的3D混合現實。該系統使物理真實的3D虛擬物體與用戶對現實世界的直接視圖相結合，實現了第一次真正的擴增現實體驗，包括視覺、聽覺和觸覺<a href="#cite_note-Rosenberg_1992-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a>。 <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Virtual-Fixtures-USAF-AR.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Virtual-Fixtures-USAF-AR.jpg/220px-Virtual-Fixtures-USAF-AR.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Virtual-Fixtures-USAF-AR.jpg/330px-Virtual-Fixtures-USAF-AR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Virtual-Fixtures-USAF-AR.jpg/440px-Virtual-Fixtures-USAF-AR.jpg 2x" data-file-width="773" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>1992年開發的Virtual Fixtures沉浸式AR系統。</figcaption></figure> 到1994年7月，世嘉已經在歡樂城室內主題公園推出了<a href="/w/index.php?title=VR-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VR-1（页面不存在）">VR-1</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VR-1" class="extiw" title="en:VR-1">VR-1</a>）動態模擬器遊樂設施<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a>，以及電腦戦記<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%97%E6%9C%BA%E6%B8%B8%E6%88%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="街机游戏">街机游戏</a>。兩者均使用了一種先進的頭戴式顯示器，被稱為與Virtuality合作開發的「Mega Visor Display」；;<a href="#cite_note-VR_Focus-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a>它能夠在360度立體3D環境中追蹤頭部運動，由Sega Model 1街機系統板供電。<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> <a href="/wiki/%E8%98%8B%E6%9E%9C%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="蘋果公司">蘋果</a>則推出了<a href="/wiki/QuickTime_VR" title="QuickTime VR">QuickTime VR</a>，雖然使用了「VR」一詞，但無法表示虛擬實境，而是顯示360度互動全景。用戶可以觀看、製作可拖拽的全景照片，並通過在不同角度拍攝的圖像來觀察物體。 1995年，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%BB%E5%A4%A9%E5%A0%82" title="任天堂">任天堂</a>的<a href="/wiki/Virtual_Boy" title="Virtual Boy">Virtual Boy</a>遊戲機發布<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> 。西雅圖的一個小組創建了名為「虛擬環境劇場」的「CAVE-like」270度沉浸式投影室的公共演示，由企業家切特·達吉特（Chet Dagit）和鮑伯‧雅各森製作<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> 。Forté於同年推出了<a href="/w/index.php?title=VFX1_Headgear&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VFX1 Headgear（页面不存在）">VFX1 Headgear</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VFX1_Headgear" class="extiw" title="en:VFX1 Headgear">VFX1 Headgear</a>），這是一款由電腦供電的虛擬實境頭戴式顯示器。 1999年，企業家<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8F%B2%E5%88%A9%E6%99%AE%C2%B7%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E4%BB%A3%E7%88%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="菲利普·羅斯代爾（页面不存在）">菲利普·羅斯代爾</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Rosedale" class="extiw" title="en:Philip Rosedale">Philip Rosedale</a>）成立了<a href="/w/index.php?title=Linden%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97%E5%AE%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Linden實驗室（页面不存在）">Linden實驗室</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linden_Lab" class="extiw" title="en:Linden Lab">Linden Lab</a>），最初專注於VR硬件的開發。在早期形式中，該公司努力生產“The Rig”的商業版本，該版本以原型形式呈現為一個笨重的鋼製裝置，上面安裝有多台電腦顯示器，用戶可以放在肩膀上。該概念後來被改編為基於個人計算機的3D虛擬世界程序《<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E4%BA%BA%E7%94%9F_(%E4%BA%92%E8%81%AF%E7%B6%B2)" title="第二人生 (互聯網)">第二人生</a>》。<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21世紀">21世紀</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E7%8E%B0%E5%AE%9E&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：21世紀">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Google-Cardboard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Google-Cardboard.jpg/220px-Google-Cardboard.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Google-Cardboard.jpg/330px-Google-Cardboard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Google-Cardboard.jpg/440px-Google-Cardboard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2730" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Google_Cardboard" title="Google Cardboard">Google Cardboard</a></figcaption></figure> 2000年代是相對於商業化的虛擬現實技術而言，公眾和投資都比較冷漠的時期。2001年，SAS3或SAS Cube成為第一個桌上型電腦立體空間，由Z-A生產，2001年4月在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法國">法國</a>拉瓦爾完成。2007年，<a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%B7%E6%AD%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="谷歌">谷歌</a>推出<a href="/wiki/Google%E8%A1%97%E6%99%AF%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1" title="Google街景服务">Google街景服务</a>，顯示越來越多的世界各地全景視圖，如道路、室內建築和農村地區。一個立體3D模式在2010年推出。<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2010年-至今">2010年-至今</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E7%8E%B0%E5%AE%9E&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：2010年-至今">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oculus_Rift_Crescent_Bay_Prototype_(16383004719).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Oculus_Rift_Crescent_Bay_Prototype_%2816383004719%29.jpg/220px-Oculus_Rift_Crescent_Bay_Prototype_%2816383004719%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Oculus_Rift_Crescent_Bay_Prototype_%2816383004719%29.jpg/330px-Oculus_Rift_Crescent_Bay_Prototype_%2816383004719%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Oculus_Rift_Crescent_Bay_Prototype_%2816383004719%29.jpg/440px-Oculus_Rift_Crescent_Bay_Prototype_%2816383004719%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="2912" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Oculus_Rift" title="Oculus Rift">Oculus Rift</a>原型耳機的內部視圖。</figcaption></figure> 2010年，<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E7%88%BE%E9%BB%98%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%A5%87" title="帕爾默·拉奇">帕爾默·拉奇</a>創辦<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E9%85%B7%E6%8B%89" class="mw-redirect" title="歐酷拉">歐酷拉</a>，設計虛擬實境頭戴式顯示器<a href="/wiki/Oculus_Rift" title="Oculus Rift">Oculus Rift</a>。2013年，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%BB%E5%A4%A9%E5%A0%82" title="任天堂">任天堂</a>申請專利，提出使用虛擬現實技術概念使2D<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96" class="mw-redirect" title="電視">電視</a>擁有更逼真的3D效果。2015年7月，<a href="/wiki/OnePlus" class="mw-redirect" title="OnePlus">OnePlus</a>成為第一家利用虛擬現實推出產品的公司。他們用虛擬現實的平台推出OnePlus 2，在谷歌應用程序Play商店，<a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>上發布。2016年4月27日，<a href="/wiki/Mojang" class="mw-redirect" title="Mojang">Mojang</a>宣布<a href="/wiki/Minecraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Minecraft">Minecraft</a>可以在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9FGear_VR" title="三星Gear VR">三星Gear VR</a>上使用。 <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mobile_World_Congress_2018_(29129096677).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Mobile_World_Congress_2018_%2829129096677%29.jpg/220px-Mobile_World_Congress_2018_%2829129096677%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Mobile_World_Congress_2018_%2829129096677%29.jpg/330px-Mobile_World_Congress_2018_%2829129096677%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Mobile_World_Congress_2018_%2829129096677%29.jpg/440px-Mobile_World_Congress_2018_%2829129096677%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>2018年世界行動通訊大會上配戴的HTC Vive耳機。</figcaption></figure> 2013年，<a href="/wiki/Valve" title="Valve">Valve</a>發現了低餘暉技術的突破，使得VR內容的無延遲和無拖曳顯示成為可能<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a>。這一突破被Oculus採用並使用於他們未來的所有耳機中。2014 年初，Valve展示SteamSight原型，該耳機具有獨立的1K顯示器、低餘暉技術、大面積位置追蹤以及<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E6%B6%85%E8%80%B3%E9%80%8F%E9%8F%A1" title="菲涅耳透鏡">菲涅耳透鏡</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a>。2016年，<a href="/wiki/HTC" class="mw-redirect" title="HTC">HTC</a>和Valve推出了個人電腦VR眼鏡產品<a href="/wiki/HTC_Vive" title="HTC Vive">HTC Vive</a>和控制器，包括Lighthouse追蹤技術，使用壁掛式「基地台」進行位置追蹤。<a href="#cite_note-verge-gdcsteamvr-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-verge-valvevr-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sony_Morpheus_Virtual_Reality_Gamescom_2015_Cologne_(19705605174).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Sony_Morpheus_Virtual_Reality_Gamescom_2015_Cologne_%2819705605174%29.jpg/170px-Sony_Morpheus_Virtual_Reality_Gamescom_2015_Cologne_%2819705605174%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Sony_Morpheus_Virtual_Reality_Gamescom_2015_Cologne_%2819705605174%29.jpg/255px-Sony_Morpheus_Virtual_Reality_Gamescom_2015_Cologne_%2819705605174%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Sony_Morpheus_Virtual_Reality_Gamescom_2015_Cologne_%2819705605174%29.jpg/340px-Sony_Morpheus_Virtual_Reality_Gamescom_2015_Cologne_%2819705605174%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>2015年科隆遊戲展上配戴的<a href="/wiki/PlayStation_VR" title="PlayStation VR">PlayStation VR</a>。</figcaption></figure> 2014年，<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E5%B0%BC" title="索尼">索尼</a>宣布推出Project Morpheus（後來命名為<a href="/wiki/PlayStation_VR" title="PlayStation VR">PlayStation VR</a>），是一款適用於<a href="/wiki/PlayStation_4" title="PlayStation 4">PlayStation 4</a>的虛擬實境頭戴裝置[50]。同年，Google發布了Cardboard，一種DIY立體檢視器，用戶將智能手機放在紙板支架中戴在頭上。<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%A5%E5%8F%AF%C2%B7%E5%A5%88%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="麥可·奈馬克（页面不存在）">麥可·奈馬克</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Naimark" class="extiw" title="en:Michael Naimark">Michael Naimark</a>）成為 Google新VR部門的首位「駐店藝術家」。2015年，一款提供運動追蹤和觸覺回饋功能的手套Gloveone成功籌集了超過15萬美元的<a href="/wiki/Kickstarter" title="Kickstarter">Kickstarter</a>資金。同年，雷蛇公司推出了<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%96%8B%E6%BA%90%E8%99%9B%E6%93%AC%E5%AF%A6%E5%A2%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="開源虛擬實境（页面不存在）">開源虛擬實境</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Source_Virtual_Reality" class="extiw" title="en:Open Source Virtual Reality">Open_Source_Virtual_Reality</a>）專案。 截止至2016年，至少有230家公司在開發VR相關產品，包括<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E9%A9%AC%E9%80%8A%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="亚马逊公司">亞馬遜</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%8B%E6%9E%9C%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="蘋果公司">蘋果</a>、<a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a>、<a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E8%BB%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="微軟">微軟</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E5%B0%BC" title="索尼">索尼</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2" title="三星集团">三星</a>都有專門的AR和VR團隊。動態雙耳音訊在當年發布的大多數耳機中都很常見，但觸覺介面尚未得到很好的發展，大多數硬體包都包含按鈕操作的手機以實現基於觸控的互動。從視覺上看，顯示器的解析度和幀速率仍然足夠低，影像仍然可以被識別為虛擬的<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a>。2016年7月，指挥家VRconductorVR发布全球首个大空间多人交互VR行业应用<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a>。 2016年，HTC發售了第一批HTC Vive SteamVR耳機，標誌著基於感測器追蹤的第一個主要商業版本，允許使用者在定義的空間內自由移動<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a>。根據索尼在2017年提交的一項專利顯示，他們正在開發一種與PlayStation VR的Vive類似的位置追蹤技術，具有無線耳機的潛力。<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> 2018年1月，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="上海">上海</a>一個團隊首先突破技術難點，於CES大會上推出了商用化的個人8K解析度電腦VR眼鏡，兩眼各4K，有效消除了近距觀看顯示器時人眼的紗窗效應。<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a>2019年，Oculus發布了<a href="/wiki/Oculus_Rift_S" title="Oculus Rift S">Oculus Rift S</a>和獨立耳機<a href="/wiki/Oculus_Quest" title="Oculus Quest">Oculus Quest</a>，這些耳機與前幾代耳機中的外部由外向內跟踪不同，而是使用由內向外跟踪。<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a>同年，Valve發布了<a href="/wiki/Valve_Index" title="Valve Index">Valve Index</a>，該耳機擁有130°視野、離耳式耳機、可單獨追蹤手指的控制器等功能。<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:R22_VRM_Helicopter_Training_Solution.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/R22_VRM_Helicopter_Training_Solution.jpg/220px-R22_VRM_Helicopter_Training_Solution.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/R22_VRM_Helicopter_Training_Solution.jpg/330px-R22_VRM_Helicopter_Training_Solution.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/R22_VRM_Helicopter_Training_Solution.jpg/440px-R22_VRM_Helicopter_Training_Solution.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4019" data-file-height="3342" /></a><figcaption>瑞士VRM公司開發的Robinson R22虛擬實境訓練裝置<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a>。</figcaption></figure> 2020年，Oculus發布了<a href="/wiki/Oculus_Quest_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Oculus Quest 2">Oculus Quest 2</a>，該耳機具有更清晰的螢幕、更低的價格和更高的性能。Facebook（後來更名為Meta）最初要求用戶使用Facebook帳號登入才能使用新耳機<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a>。2021年，Oculus Quest 2佔所有VR耳機銷量的80%。<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a>2021年，<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E7%9B%9F%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%B1%80" title="欧盟航空安全局">欧盟航空安全局</a>批准了第一個基於虛擬實境的飛行模擬訓練設備，提高了旋翼機飛行員訓練的安全性<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a>。 2023年，索尼發布了<a href="/wiki/PlayStation_VR2" title="PlayStation VR2">PlayStation VR2</a>，該耳機配備由內而外的追蹤、更高解析度的顯示器、具有自適應觸發器和觸覺回饋的控制器以及更寬的視野。<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a>同年6月，蘋果發表了<a href="/wiki/Apple_Vision_Pro" title="Apple Vision Pro">Apple Vision Pro</a>，這是他們首次涉足VR耳機市場的產品，混合使用AR和VR來產生視覺效果，並且是少數純粹使用手部追蹤而不使用其他控制器的主流耳機之一，支持即時翻譯等技術。<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="沉浸式體驗">沉浸式體驗</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E7%8E%B0%E5%AE%9E&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：沉浸式體驗">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%89%E6%B5%B8%E5%BC%8F%E9%AB%94%E9%A9%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="沉浸式體驗（页面不存在）">沉浸式體驗</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="沉浸理論">沉浸理論</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E7%8E%B0%E5%AE%9E&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：沉浸理論">编辑</a>]</div> 沉浸理論（Flow theory）在1975年由<a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E5%A5%91%E5%85%8B%E6%A3%AE%E7%B1%B3%E5%93%88%E4%BC%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="米哈里·契克森米哈伊">米哈里·契克森米哈伊</a>在其著作《超越無聊和焦慮》（Beyond Boredom and Anxiety）<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a>中所提出，其書中解釋為何當人們在進行某些日常活動時會完全投入情境中，並過濾掉所有不相關的感知與其它可能與外界產生的交互行為，此時參與者的感覺系統以一種與在真實環境中相同的方式來處理來自虛擬世界的視覺、聽覺、觸覺、嗅覺及味覺等感知行為。 有研究指出<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a>人們常會運用五感來做為非語言的訊息交流方式處理外界資訊，而五感中的視覺約占83%、聽覺約占11%、其他觸覺、嗅覺及味覺則會小於6%，因此也造就許多虛擬<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E7%AB%9E%E6%8A%80" title="电子竞技">遊戲系統</a>的硬體設備皆以視覺刺激，來觸發參與者的沉浸感為主。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="顯示器分辨率">顯示器分辨率</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E7%8E%B0%E5%AE%9E&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：顯示器分辨率">编辑</a>]</div> 最小分辨率角(Minimal Angle of Resolution)，表示螢幕上兩個像素之間的最小距離，在該距離以下觀察者可清楚檢視這兩個獨立的像素點，同時此兩像素點的最小可分辨距離也同時會與觀察者的觀賞距離有關，通常 MAR 以弧秒為單位測量。對於一般民眾而言，分辨率約為 30-65 秒的弧度，加上距離，就是常講的空間解析度。如果用實際數字做粗略計算，觀察者分別在距離1m和距離2m的地方觀賞為範例，在1m的觀賞距離，當兩點間距小於0.29mm，一般人眼即無法清楚分辨出兩個像素，而在2m的地方，點間距則要分開至0.58mm以下才會達到一樣的效果。<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="影像延遲時間與螢幕刷新率">影像延遲時間與螢幕刷新率</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E7%8E%B0%E5%AE%9E&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：影像延遲時間與螢幕刷新率">编辑</a>]</div> 大多數小尺寸的 LCD 螢幕所使用的60Hz 刷新率大約會引入約15 ms的額外延遲。如將刷新率提升至 120Hz 甚至 240Hz以上，顯示器的延遲時間將降至 7ms 以下，因此能大副提升參與者的沉浸感，但在提高刷新率的同時，圖形處理器（graphics processing unit, GPU）也要有能力可以處理高幀數 (frames per second, fps)的畫面。<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="螢幕與人眼視野的對應關係">螢幕與人眼視野的對應關係</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E7%8E%B0%E5%AE%9E&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：螢幕與人眼視野的對應關係">编辑</a>]</div> 除了夠細緻的畫面外，另一個需要考慮的要素是人眼的「視野」，人類單眼可以接收的視野在水平視角部分約是120度，上下垂直則約為135度。如果同時考量到左眼和右眼的視野交集的部分，會有120度左右的範圍是立體視覺（Stereopsis）<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a>，因此整體來說，在雙眼同時運作的情況下，人眼看出去的視野約有200度 x 135 度的範圍，但由於大部分是周邊視野<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a>（Peripheral vision），而周邊視野的落差會因人而異，採用平均值160度的水平視野會是比較保守的估算。因此在人眼不移動同時不轉動的情況下，一般參與者的視野範圍至少會有160度x 135 度的立體空間，而此視野剛好為360度全方位視野的1/6。 因此如果將螢幕的可視面積與1/6的全方位視野之間的比值來將抽象的沉浸感具體數值化，如底下視覺沉浸係數公式(Immersive Index)。 <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Immersive_Index_In_Theory_larger.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Immersive_Index_In_Theory_larger.jpg/220px-Immersive_Index_In_Theory_larger.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Immersive_Index_In_Theory_larger.jpg/330px-Immersive_Index_In_Theory_larger.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Immersive_Index_In_Theory_larger.jpg/440px-Immersive_Index_In_Theory_larger.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1256" data-file-height="1256" /></a><figcaption>理論上，觀看人的視野(黃色範圍)</figcaption></figure>理論上， <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {\mbox{顯 示 器 面 積}}{{\frac {1}{6}}\times 4\pi {\mathsf {R}}^{2}}}={\mbox{視 覺 沉 浸 係 數 }}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>顯 示 器 面 積</mtext> </mstyle> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>6</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>×</mo> <mn>4</mn> <mi>π</mi> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">R</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>視 覺 沉 浸 係 數 </mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {\mbox{顯示器面積}}{{\frac {1}{6}}\times 4\pi {\mathsf {R}}^{2}}}={\mbox{視覺沉浸係數 }}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/dc5eb81346782bd5b03bfba848aa32c806ca0490" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.505ex; width:25.467ex; height:8.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {\mbox{顯示器面積}}{{\frac {1}{6}}\times 4\pi {\mathsf {R}}^{2}}}={\mbox{視覺沉浸係數 }}}"> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {R}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">R</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathsf {R}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d4721d2fe15d5584fa7b1a384b079f38ac0d80a1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.502ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {R}}}"> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle =}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo>=</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle =}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/505a4ceef454c69dffd23792c84b90f488543743" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: 0.307ex; margin-bottom: -0.478ex; width:1.808ex; height:1.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle =}"> 觀賞者到顯示器(display)的距離 實際上， <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {\mbox{顯 示 器 面 積}}{{\frac {1}{6}}\times {\bigl (}2\pi {\mathsf {R}}{\bigr )}^{2}}}={\mbox{視 覺 沉 浸 係 數 }}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>顯 示 器 面 積</mtext> </mstyle> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>6</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>×</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-OPEN"> <mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em">(</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>π</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">R</mi> </mrow> </mrow> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-CLOSE"> <mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>視 覺 沉 浸 係 數 </mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {\mbox{顯示器面積}}{{\frac {1}{6}}\times {\bigl (}2\pi {\mathsf {R}}{\bigr )}^{2}}}={\mbox{視覺沉浸係數 }}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/867283e02c038f016d6d4a610496e1fe162cb433" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.671ex; width:27.597ex; height:8.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {\mbox{顯示器面積}}{{\frac {1}{6}}\times {\bigl (}2\pi {\mathsf {R}}{\bigr )}^{2}}}={\mbox{視覺沉浸係數 }}}"> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {R}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">R</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathsf {R}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d4721d2fe15d5584fa7b1a384b079f38ac0d80a1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.502ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathsf {R}}}"> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle =}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo>=</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle =}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/505a4ceef454c69dffd23792c84b90f488543743" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: 0.307ex; margin-bottom: -0.478ex; width:1.808ex; height:1.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle =}"> 觀賞者到顯示器(display)的距離 <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Immersive_Index_FOV_TC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Immersive_Index_FOV_TC.jpg/220px-Immersive_Index_FOV_TC.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Immersive_Index_FOV_TC.jpg/330px-Immersive_Index_FOV_TC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Immersive_Index_FOV_TC.jpg/440px-Immersive_Index_FOV_TC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="522" data-file-height="522" /></a><figcaption>實際上，考量曲面顯示器無法製做為球型，改以圓柱體顯示，觀看人的視野範圍</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="疑慮">疑慮</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E7%8E%B0%E5%AE%9E&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：疑慮">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="人體健康">人體健康</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E7%8E%B0%E5%AE%9E&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：人體健康">编辑</a>]</div> 虛擬實境被認為帶來了一系列與人體健康和安全考慮相關因素。包括長時間使用可能引發多種不良症狀<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a>，這些症狀可能會減緩該技術的擴散。大多數虛擬實境系統都會附帶消費者警告，其中包括<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%B2%E7%99%87" class="mw-redirect" title="癲癇">癲癇</a>發作、兒童發育問題、絆倒和跌倒、碰撞警告、不適感、重複性壓力損傷，以及對醫療設備的干擾<a href="#cite_note-Oculus_Rift_Warnings-64">[64]</a>。某些使用者甚至在使用VR耳機時經歷抽搐、癲癇發作或昏厥，即使他們以前沒有相關症狀。此類症狀的發生率大約為每4,000人中的1人，即0.025%。短期內可能出現的不適感包括暈動病、眼睛疲勞、頭痛和不適。兒童由於VR耳機的重量可能更容易感到不適，因此通常則建議兒童避免使用VR耳機。此外，使用者在配戴套裝後再環境的物理互動中可能會出現其他問題。包括就會失去對現實世界環境的意識，並可能因絆倒或與現實世界的物體碰撞而受傷。<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a>。 與所有螢幕技術一樣，長時間使用VR耳機可能導致眼睛疲勞，因為在觀看螢幕時，人們通常會減少眨眼的頻率，使眼睛更容易感到乾燥<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a>。儘管一直有擔心虛擬實境耳機可能導致<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E8%A6%96" title="近視">近視</a>，但實際上，如果所顯示的影像焦距足夠遠，它們不一定會導致近視。<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> 虛擬實境病（又稱<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%95%E5%8A%A8%E7%97%85" title="晕动病">晕动病</a>）是一種特殊的症狀，當一個人在虛擬環境中感受到與暈動病相似的症狀時，就會被歸類為這種狀態<a href="#cite_note-Kiryu2007-68">[68]</a> 。女性相對於男性更容易受到VR耳機引起的影響，約為77%和33%<a href="#cite_note-Munafo_et_al_2016-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-Park_et_al_2016-70">[70]</a>。最常見的症狀包括全身不適、頭痛、胃部不適、噁心、嘔吐、臉色蒼白、出汗、疲勞、嗜睡、迷失方向和冷漠<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a>。其中，Virtual Boy因其帶來的不良的身體影響而受到批評，包括「頭暈、噁心和頭痛」<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a>。這些症狀源於觀看到的內容與身體其他部分感知到的內容之間的不一致，造成<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A6%96%E8%A6%BA%E8%BC%BB%E8%BC%B3%E8%AA%BF%E7%AF%80%E8%A1%9D%E7%AA%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="視覺輻輳調節衝突（页面不存在）">視覺輻輳調節衝突</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vergence-accommodation_conflict" class="extiw" title="en:Vergence-accommodation conflict">Vergence-accommodation_conflict</a>）（VAC）<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a>。大約25-40%的人在使用虚拟现实時會出現某種程度的不適感，因此多數公司至今積極尋找減少不適感的方法。<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> 近期的報導指出，虛擬實境使用可能與身體傷害有關，包括腿部、手部、手臂和肩部受傷<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a>。此外，VR使用也與頸部受傷和甚至死亡事件有關<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> 。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="兒童和青少年的影響">兒童和青少年的影響</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E7%8E%B0%E5%AE%9E&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：兒童和青少年的影響">编辑</a>]</div> 對虚拟现实產生認識的兒童比例在歷年逐漸提升，在美國的兒童調查中對VR一無所知的比例從2016年秋季（40％）降至2017年春季（19％），這一數字減少了一半<a href="#cite_note-auto-79">[79]</a>。 根據Piper Sandler 2022年的研究報告，僅有26％的美國青少年擁有VR設備，其中5％每天使用，而48％的青少年擁有者「很少」使用。未擁有虛擬實境設備的青少年中，9％計劃購買一個，而50％的受訪青少年對<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99" title="元宇宙">元宇宙</a>表示不確定或沒有興趣，並且沒有計劃購買VR設備<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a>。 研究表明，與成年人相比，年幼的兒童對虛擬實境可能有不同的認知和行為反應。虛擬實境將使用者直接帶入媒體內容中，對於兒童而言，這可能使他們的體驗更生動和真實。例如，6-18歲的兒童報告了與19-65歲的成年人相比對虛擬環境的存在感和「真實感」更高的水平<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a>。考慮到VR中存在的色情和暴力內容，對VR消費者行為以及其對兒童的影響進行深入研究是十分必要的。早期關於電子遊戲中暴力的研究表明，暴露於媒體暴力可能會影響態度、行為，甚至是自我概念，尤其是在青少年中<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> 。早期對觀察和參與虛擬現實遊戲的研究顯示，與觀察者相比，參與者在虛擬現實遊戲中可能會有更高的生理激動和攻擊性思想，但並沒有增加敵意情感<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> 兒童體驗VR可能還涉及同時將虛擬世界的概念牢記在心中，同時又體驗現實世界。過度使用具有極具感官特徵的沉浸式技術可能損害兒童保持現實世界規則的能力，尤其是當佩戴封閉位置的VR頭戴式顯示器時，該設備會遮擋現實世界中物體的位置。對10名初次體驗VR的兒童的觀察表明，8-12歲的兒童在熟悉的情境中更有信心探索VR內容，例如兒童喜歡在《<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E6%A8%A1%E6%8B%9F%E5%99%A8" title="工作模拟器">工作模拟器</a>》的廚房情境中玩耍，並樂於挑戰現實中不允許做的事情，比如放火<a href="#cite_note-auto-79">[79]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="隱私權">隱私權</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E7%8E%B0%E5%AE%9E&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：隱私權">编辑</a>]</div> 所有VR系統所需的持續追踪使得這項技術特別適用於大規模<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A3%E8%A6%96" title="監視">監視</a>，同時也更容易受到威脅。VR的擴展將增加個人行為、動態和反應信息的搜集潛力，並降低相應的成本。<a href="#cite_note-Rogers_2019-84">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-Stein_2020-85">[85]</a> <a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%BC%E5%8A%A8%E8%BF%BD%E8%B8%AA" title="眼动追踪">眼动追踪</a>器的數據，預計將成為虛擬現實頭戴顯示器的標配功能，可能間接揭示用戶的種族、個性特徵、恐懼、情感、興趣、技能，以及身體和心理健康狀況。<a href="#cite_note-KrögerLutz2020-86">[86]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="虛擬世界中性侵">虛擬世界中性侵</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E7%8E%B0%E5%AE%9E&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：虛擬世界中性侵">编辑</a>]</div> 在虛擬世界中<a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E4%BE%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="性侵">性侵</a>，是否屬性侵犯，這個問題引起社會中關注及爭議。在英國，有一位少女向報方報案，稱她在玩虛擬實境遊戲時，遊戲中的身份，遭多名陌生男玩家性侵。正式對這起事件進行調查，成為首宗虛擬性侵案件。警方認為，雖然元宇宙中性侵沒有涉及實體的性侵，甚至沒有身體接觸，但玩家受到的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%89%B5%E5%82%B7" title="心理創傷">心理創傷</a>，與真實世界被性侵受害者相同。同時負責調查的警員也認為，一個能在虛擬實境中性侵的人，在現實生活中一樣會做出類似可怕的事。不過，由於目前當地的法律要涉及身體接觸才能構成強姦罪，因此該少女無法就現行法律下提出訴訟。但事件引起社會討論，有警務人員和專家認為有需要為此進行立法，保護市民免受<a href="/wiki/%E8%99%9B%E6%93%AC%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="虛擬世界">虛擬世界</a>中被強姦或性侵。<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="相關條目">相關條目</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E7%8E%B0%E5%AE%9E&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节：相關條目">编辑</a>]</div> <div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright" style="margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px"> <ul style="display:table;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0.1em;max-width:175px;background:var(--background-color-base,#f9f9f9);font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-weight:bold"> <li style="display:table-row"><img alt="" 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href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E7%8E%B0%E5%AE%9E&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节：參考來源">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Goode, Lauren. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/story/what-is-xr/">Get Ready to Hear a Lot More About 'XR'</a>. 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%AD%8C%E5%8A%87" title="太空歌劇">太空歌劇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="宇宙戰爭">宇宙戰爭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%95%B0%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%95%85%E4%BA%8B%E9%A1%9E%E5%9E%8B)" class="mw-redirect" title="異世界 (日本故事類型)">異世界</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%B1%E8%90%BD%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C" title="失落的世界">失落的世界</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="海洋">海洋</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E9%9B%84" title="英雄">英雄</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E6%98%9F%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E5%85%A5%E4%BE%B5" title="外星生命入侵">外星生命入侵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E6%98%9F%E4%BA%BA" title="外星人">外星人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E4%B9%8C%E6%89%98%E9%82%A6" title="反乌托邦">反乌托邦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E6%8E%A5%E8%A7%A6_(%E7%A7%91%E5%B9%BB)" title="第一次接触 (科幻)">第一次接觸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="進化">進化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%9B%E5%8D%9A%E6%9C%8B%E5%85%8B" title="赛博朋克">赛博朋克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%B8%E6%B1%BD%E6%9C%8B%E5%85%8B" title="蒸汽朋克">蒸汽朋克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%9C%AB%E6%97%A5" class="mw-disambig" title="世界末日">世界末日</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E6%94%BB%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="反攻人類（页面不存在）">反攻人類</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%AB%E6%97%A5%E5%BE%8C%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="末日後的世界（页面不存在）">末日後的世界</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B5%B1%E5%90%88%E5%8D%B1%E6%A9%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="統合危機（页面不存在）">統合危機</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9A%AB%E5%81%9C%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD" title="暫停生命">暫停生命</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%82%E5%85%89%E6%97%85%E8%A1%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="時光旅行">時光旅行</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%82%E9%96%93%E5%8F%AF%E9%80%86%E7%9A%84%E7%9F%9B%E7%9B%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="時間可逆的矛盾（页面不存在）">時間可逆的矛盾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E8%A1%8C%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="平行世界">平行世界</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%84%E6%94%B9%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="竄改歷史">竄改歷史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%89%E7%94%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="轉生">轉生</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8D%E5%8F%A4%E6%9C%AA%E6%9D%A5%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="复古未来主义">復古未來主義</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">宇宙</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E7%A9%BA%E9%96%93" class="mw-redirect" title="宇宙空間">宇宙空間</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E9%AB%94" title="天體">星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="太陽系">太陽系</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="太陽">太陽</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%99%9A%E6%9E%84%E4%BD%9C%E5%93%81%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="虚构作品中的地球（页面不存在）">地球</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_in_science_fiction" class="extiw" title="en:Earth in science fiction">Earth in science fiction</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80%E6%B2%B3%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="銀河系">銀河系</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%B4%9E" title="黑洞">黑洞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E9%9A%9B%E7%89%A9%E8%B3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="星際物質">星際物質</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%8E%A2%E7%B4%A2" title="太空探索">太空探索</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD" title="火箭">火箭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E9%A3%9B%E8%A1%8C%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="太空飛行器">太空飛行器</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BC%89%E4%BA%BA%E5%A4%A9%E7%A9%BA%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="載人天空計劃（页面不存在）">載人天空計劃</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E7%AB%99" title="空间站">太空站</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E8%88%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="太空船">太空船</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B6%85%E5%85%89%E9%80%9F%E8%88%AA%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="超光速航法（页面不存在）">超光速航法</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9B%B2%E9%80%9F%E9%A3%9B%E8%A1%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="曲速飛行（页面不存在）">曲速飛行</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E7%A7%BB%E6%B0%91" class="mw-redirect" title="宇宙移民">宇宙移民</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%AA%E9%87%8F%E6%8A%95%E5%B0%84%E5%99%A8" title="質量投射器">質量投射器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E9%9B%BB%E6%A2%AF" title="太空電梯">太空電梯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B4%E6%A3%AE%E7%90%83" title="戴森球">戴森球</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E6%98%9F%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD" title="外星生命">外星生命</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E6%98%8E%E9%A3%9B%E8%A1%8C%E7%89%A9%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="不明飛行物體">不明飛行物體</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E5%89%8D%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="史前時代">史前时代</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%B2%E5%89%8D%E5%B0%8F%E8%AF%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="史前小说（页面不存在）">小说</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prehistoric_fiction" class="extiw" title="en:Prehistoric fiction">Prehistoric fiction</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="维度">维度</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%99%9A%E6%9E%84%E4%BD%9C%E5%93%81%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E7%9A%84%E5%9B%9B%E7%BB%B4%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="虚构作品中的的四维空间（页面不存在）">四维空间</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_dimension_in_literature" class="extiw" title="en:Fourth dimension in literature">Fourth dimension in literature</a>）</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">生命</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E8%AE%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="突變">突變</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%85%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="腦">腦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E8%AD%98" class="mw-redirect" title="意識">意識</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BF%83%E9%9D%88%E6%BD%9B%E6%B0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="心靈潛水（页面不存在）">心靈潛水</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E9%87%8D%E4%BA%BA%E6%A0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="多重人格">多重人格</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E8%83%BD%E5%8A%9B" title="超能力">超能力</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%9B%A0" title="基因">基因</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E7%94%9F%E4%B8%8D%E8%80%81" title="长生不老">长生不老</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E4%BD%93" class="mw-redirect" title="人工生命体">人工生命體</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%8D%E7%8F%BE%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="重現生命（页面不存在）">重現生命</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%A9%E6%B4%BB" title="復活">復活</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%9A%86" title="克隆">克隆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%8C%96%E5%8D%B1%E6%A9%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="生化危機">生化危機</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%B1%B3%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80" class="mw-redirect" title="納米科技">納米科技</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AA%E7%A2%BA%E8%AA%8D%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="未確認生物體">未確定生物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%AA%E7%89%A9" title="怪物">怪物</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E5%BB%B6%E7%BA%8C" title="生命延續">生命延續</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92" title="病毒">病毒</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%AA%E4%BE%86%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="未來生物（页面不存在）">未來生物</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%83%85%E5%A0%B1%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E9%AB%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="情報生命體（页面不存在）">情報生命體</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AA%E5%B1%8D" title="喪屍">丧尸</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">科技</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E5%99%A8%E4%BA%BA" title="机器人">机器人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%BF%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="仿生人">仿生人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%BD%E5%8D%9A%E6%A0%BC" title="賽博格">改造人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="生物化學">生化人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E5%8A%9B%E6%9C%8D" title="動力服">動力服</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="電腦">電腦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD" title="人工智能">人工智能</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%AF%E7%B6%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="互聯網">互聯網</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A7%AD%E5%AE%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="駭客">駭客</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">虛擬實境</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%89%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="光學武器（页面不存在）">光學武器</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="衛星武器（页面不存在）">衛星武器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E8%BB%8C%E7%A0%B2" title="磁軌砲">磁炮</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%A6%E5%85%8B" title="坦克">坦克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B0%E9%AC%A5%E6%A9%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="戰鬥機">戰鬥機</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%B9%E8%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="船舰">船艦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%B1%E5%BD%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="隱形">隱形</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="重力控制（页面不存在）">重力控制</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%B2%E7%A6%A6%E5%8A%9B%E5%A0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="防禦力場（页面不存在）">防禦力場</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%B1%E8%90%BD%E7%9A%84%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="失落的技術（页面不存在）">失落的技術</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AA%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="伪科学">擬似科學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E8%AF%86%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="意识上传">意识上传</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%AB%94%E5%86%B7%E5%87%8D%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93" title="人體冷凍技術">人體冷凍技術</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%AD%A6" title="生物工程学">生物工程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A7%84%E6%A8%A1%E6%9D%80%E4%BC%A4%E6%80%A7%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8" title="大规模杀伤性武器">大规模杀伤性武器</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8" title="核武器">核武器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%8C%96%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8" class="mw-disambig" title="生化武器">生化武器</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%84%91%E6%9C%BA%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3" title="脑机接口">脑机接口</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">流行文化</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%B9%BB%E5%B0%8F%E8%AF%B4" title="科幻小说">小说</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%B9%BB%E6%BC%AB%E7%94%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="科幻漫画">漫画</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%B9%BB%E7%94%B5%E5%BD%B1" title="科幻电影">电影</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%B9%BB%E9%9B%BB%E8%A6%96%E4%BD%9C%E5%93%81" title="科幻電視作品">电视剧</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%A7%91%E5%B9%BB%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E6%B8%B8%E6%88%8F" title="Category:科幻电子游戏">电子游戏</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%A7%91%E5%B9%BB%E9%A1%9E%E5%9E%8B" title="Category:科幻類型">分类</a></li> <li><img alt="主题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%8E%A8%E6%83%B3%E5%B0%8F%E8%AA%AA" title="Portal:推想小說">主题</a></li> <li><img alt="模板" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Symbol_template_class.svg/16px-Symbol_template_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Symbol_template_class.svg/23px-Symbol_template_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Symbol_template_class.svg/31px-Symbol_template_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%B9%BB%E6%83%B3" title="Template:科学幻想">相关模板</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="-&#123;zh-cn:混合现实;zh-tw:混合實境&#125;-与虚拟现实" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mixed_reality" title="Template:Mixed reality"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mixed_reality" title="Template talk:Mixed reality"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Mixed_reality" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Mixed reality"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="-&#123;zh-cn:混合现实;zh-tw:混合實境&#125;-与虚拟现实" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%B7%E5%90%88%E7%8E%B0%E5%AE%9E" title="混合现实">混合现实</a>与<a class="mw-selflink selflink">虚拟现实</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">概念</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">虚拟现实</a>（VR）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%B7%E5%90%88%E7%8E%B0%E5%AE%9E" title="混合现实">混合實境</a>（MR）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%B6%E5%B1%95%E5%AF%A6%E5%A2%83" title="延展實境">延展實境</a>（XR）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%93%B4%E5%A2%9E%E5%AF%A6%E5%A2%83" title="擴增實境">增强现实</a>（AR）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%A1%E6%93%AC%E5%AF%A6%E5%A2%83" title="模擬實境">模拟现实</a>（SR）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%BE%E5%AF%A6-%E8%99%9B%E6%93%AC%E9%80%A3%E7%BA%8C%E7%B5%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="現實-虛擬連續統（页面不存在）">現實-虛擬連續統</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E5%AF%A6%E5%A2%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="人工實境（页面不存在）">人工现实</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_reality" class="extiw" title="en:Artificial reality">Artificial reality</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%80%82%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97" title="普适计算">普适计算</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C" title="虚拟世界">虚拟世界</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99" title="元宇宙">元宇宙</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%89%E6%B5%B8_(%E8%99%9B%E6%93%AC%E7%8F%BE%E5%AF%A6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="沉浸 (虛擬現實)（页面不存在）">沉浸</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immersion_(virtual_reality)" class="extiw" title="en:Immersion (virtual reality)">Immersion (virtual reality)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%A1%E6%93%AC%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="模擬理論">模擬理論</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%89%E6%B5%B8%E5%BC%8F%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="沉浸式技术（页面不存在）">技术</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immersive_technology" class="extiw" title="en:Immersive technology">Immersive technology</a>）</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Compositing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Compositing（页面不存在）">Compositing</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camera_resectioning&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Camera resectioning（页面不存在）">Camera resectioning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%A6%E8%A7%89%E5%8F%8D%E9%A6%88%E5%A5%97%E8%A3%85" title="触觉反馈套装">触觉反馈套装</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%AD%E6%88%B4%E5%BC%8F%E9%A1%AF%E7%A4%BA%E5%99%A8" title="頭戴式顯示器">头戴式显示器</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6%E5%A4%B4%E6%88%B4%E5%BC%8F%E6%98%BE%E7%A4%BA%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="光学头戴式显示器（页面不存在）">光学</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_head-mounted_display" class="extiw" title="en:Optical head-mounted display">Optical head-mounted display</a>）)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E8%A7%86%E6%98%BE%E7%A4%BA%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="平视显示器">平视显示器</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Image-based_modeling_and_rendering&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Image-based modeling and rendering（页面不存在）">Image-based modeling and rendering</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Real-time_computer_graphics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Real-time computer graphics（页面不存在）">Real-time computer graphics</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virtual_retinal_display&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Virtual retinal display（页面不存在）">Virtual retinal display</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E7%A9%BF%E6%88%B4%E5%BC%8F%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E7%94%A2%E5%93%81" title="可穿戴式智能產品">可穿戴式电脑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E9%94%AE" title="色键">色键</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Visual_hull&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Visual hull（页面不存在）">Visual hull</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_viewpoint_television&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Free viewpoint television（页面不存在）">Free viewpoint television</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Omnidirectional_treadmill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Omnidirectional treadmill（页面不存在）">Omnidirectional treadmill</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hidden_surface_determination&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hidden surface determination（页面不存在）">Hidden surface determination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%9B%E6%93%AC%E5%AF%A6%E5%A2%83%E6%94%9D%E5%BD%B1" title="虛擬實境攝影">VR摄影</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="3D眼镜" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/3D%E7%9C%BC%E9%8F%A1" title="3D眼鏡">3D眼镜</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E7%AB%8B%E9%AB%94%E8%A6%96%E8%A6%BA%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="電腦立體視覺系統（页面不存在）">電腦立體視覺系統</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_stereo_vision" class="extiw" title="en:Computer stereo vision">Computer stereo vision</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E8%A7%86%E8%A7%89" title="计算机视觉">计算机视觉</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">跟踪</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E4%BD%9C%E6%8D%95%E6%8D%89" title="动作捕捉">动作捕捉</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B7%9F%E8%B8%AA%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="跟踪系统（页面不存在）">跟踪系统</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tracking_system" class="extiw" title="en:Tracking system">Tracking system</a>）</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">类型</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%86%E9%A2%91%E8%B7%9F%E8%B8%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="视频跟踪（页面不存在）">光学</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_tracking" class="extiw" title="en:Video tracking">Video tracking</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%83%AF%E6%80%A7%E5%AF%BC%E8%88%AA%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="惯性导航系统">惯性</a></li> <li>磁性</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">器件</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E7%9C%BC%E9%8F%A1" title="智能眼鏡">智能眼鏡</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99%E6%89%8B%E5%A5%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="資料手套（页面不存在）">資料手套</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gametrak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gametrak（页面不存在）">Gametrak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_HoloLens" title="Microsoft HoloLens">HoloLens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Move" title="PlayStation Move">PlayStation Move</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leap_Motion" title="Leap Motion">Leap Motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinect" title="Kinect">Kinect</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Razer_Hydra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Razer Hydra（页面不存在）">Sixense TrueMotion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">沉浸式器件</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">个人</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Vision_Pro" title="Apple Vision Pro">Apple Vision Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Cardboard" title="Google Cardboard">Google Cardboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTC_Vive" title="HTC Vive">HTC Vive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oculus" title="Oculus">Oculus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oculus_Rift" title="Oculus Rift">Rift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oculus_Go" title="Oculus Go">Go</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oculus_Quest" title="Oculus Quest">Quest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta_Quest_2" title="Meta Quest 2">Quest 2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meta_Quest_Pro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meta Quest Pro（页面不存在）">Quest Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta_Quest_3" title="Meta Quest 3">Quest 3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9FGear_VR" title="三星Gear VR">三星Gear VR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_VR" title="PlayStation VR">PlayStation VR</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_VR2" title="PlayStation VR2">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OSVR&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OSVR（页面不存在）">Razer OSVR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valve_Index" title="Valve Index">Valve Index</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">房间</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AlloSphere&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AlloSphere（页面不存在）">AlloSphere</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cave_automatic_virtual_environment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cave automatic virtual environment（页面不存在）">Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TreadPort_Active_Wind_Tunnel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TreadPort Active Wind Tunnel（页面不存在）">TreadPort</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">历史</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Daydream" title="Google Daydream">Daydream</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sensorama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sensorama（页面不存在）">Sensorama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_Boy" title="Virtual Boy">Virtual Boy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FC_3D%E7%9C%BC%E9%8F%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FC 3D眼鏡（页面不存在）">FC 3D眼鏡</a>（日语：<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%9F%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B33D%E3%82%B7%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%83%A0" class="extiw" title="ja:ファミコン3Dシステム">ファミコン3Dシステム</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%94%E6%91%A9%E5%85%8B%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF%E4%B9%8B%E5%8A%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="達摩克利斯之劍">達摩克利斯之劍</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SEGA_VR&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SEGA VR（页面不存在）">SEGA VR</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virtuality_(gaming)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Virtuality (gaming)（页面不存在）">Virtuality</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">应用</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pervasive_game&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pervasive game（页面不存在）">Pervasive game</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ARToolKit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ARToolKit（页面不存在）">ARToolKit</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%92%E5%8B%95%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="互動藝術（页面不存在）">互動藝術</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interactive_art" class="extiw" title="en:Interactive art">Interactive art</a>） <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%99%9B%E6%93%AC%E5%A1%97%E9%B4%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="虛擬塗鴉（页面不存在）">虛擬塗鴉</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_graffiti" class="extiw" title="en:Virtual graffiti">Virtual graffiti</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PlayStation%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E7%8E%B0%E5%AE%9E%E6%B8%B8%E6%88%8F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PlayStation虚拟现实游戏列表（页面不存在）">PlayStation虚拟现实游戏列表</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_PlayStation_VR_games" class="extiw" title="en:List of PlayStation VR games">List of PlayStation VR games</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8F%E8%AF%B4%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E7%8E%B0%E5%AE%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="小说中的虚拟现实（页面不存在）">小说中的虚拟现实</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simulated_reality_in_fiction" class="extiw" title="en:Simulated reality in fiction">Simulated reality in fiction</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="科学、技术、-&#123;A&#124;zh-cn:信息;_zh-tw:資訊;&#125;-的-&#123;A&#124;zh-cn:可视化;_zh-tw:視覺化;&#125;-" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%8F%AF%E8%A7%86%E5%8C%96" title="Template:可视化"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%8F%AF%E8%A7%86%E5%8C%96" title="Template talk:可视化"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%8F%AF%E8%A7%86%E5%8C%96" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:可视化"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="科学、技术、-&#123;A&#124;zh-cn:信息;_zh-tw:資訊;&#125;-的-&#123;A&#124;zh-cn:可视化;_zh-tw:視覺化;&#125;-" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="科学">科学</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="技术">技术</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF" title="信息">信息</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E8%A7%86%E5%8C%96" title="可视化">可视化</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">领域划分</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%8F%AF%E8%A7%86%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生物学数据可视化（页面不存在）">生物学数据可视化</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_data_visualization" class="extiw" title="en:Biological data visualization">Biological data visualization</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E6%88%90%E5%83%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="化学成像（页面不存在）">化学成像</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_imaging" class="extiw" title="en:Chemical imaging">Chemical imaging</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%AA%E8%A1%8C%E7%BB%98%E5%9B%BE" title="罪行绘图">罪行绘图</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%8F%AF%E8%A7%86%E5%8C%96" title="数据可视化">数据可视化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E8%A7%86%E5%8C%96#教育可视化" title="可视化">教育可视化</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%81%E5%8A%A8%E5%8F%AF%E8%A7%86%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="流动可视化（页面不存在）">流动可视化</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow_visualization" class="extiw" title="en:Flow visualization">Flow visualization</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E8%A6%96%E8%A6%BA%E5%8C%96" title="地理視覺化">地理視覺化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E5%8F%AF%E8%A7%86%E5%8C%96" title="信息可视化">信息可视化</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%AF%E8%A7%86%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="数学可视化（页面不存在）">数学可视化</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_diagram" class="extiw" title="en:Mathematical diagram">Mathematical diagram</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8%E5%BD%B1%E5%83%8F" title="醫學影像">醫學影像</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E5%9B%BE%E5%BD%A2%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="分子图形学（页面不存在）">分子图形学</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_graphics" class="extiw" title="en:Molecular graphics">Molecular graphics</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E8%A7%86%E5%8C%96#产品可视化" title="可视化">产品可视化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%AF%E8%A7%86%E5%8C%96" title="科学可视化">科学可视化</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E5%8F%AF%E8%A7%86%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="软件可视化（页面不存在）">软件可视化</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_visualization" class="extiw" title="en:Software visualization">Software visualization</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%88%B6%E5%9B%BE" class="mw-disambig" title="工程制图">工程製图</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%95%8C%E9%9D%A2%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1" title="用户界面设计">用户界面设计</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A7%86%E8%A7%89%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="视觉文化（页面不存在）">视觉文化</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_culture" class="extiw" title="en:Visual culture">Visual culture</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E4%BD%93%E6%B8%B2%E6%9F%93" title="立体渲染">立体渲染</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">图像类型</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%88%E5%9C%96%E8%A1%A8" title="統計圖表">统计图表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E8%A7%A3" title="图解">图解</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%9C%96" title="工程圖">工程图</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E5%9B%BE%E5%BD%A2" title="函数图形">函数图形</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%A2%E6%84%8F%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="形意文字">形意文字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%9B%BE" title="地图">地图</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E7%89%87" class="mw-redirect" title="相片">相片</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%A1%E5%BD%A2%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="象形文字">象形文字</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plot_(%E5%9B%BE%E5%BD%A2)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plot (图形)（页面不存在）">Plot</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plot_(graphics)" class="extiw" title="en:Plot (graphics)">Plot (graphics)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BA%E6%84%8F%E5%9B%BE" title="示意图">示意图</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%9B%BE%E5%BD%A2" title="统计图形">统计图形</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC" title="表格">表格</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E5%88%B6%E5%9B%BE" title="技术制图">工程製图</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%BD%E5%B7%A5%E5%9C%96" title="施工圖">施工圖</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E6%8F%92%E5%9B%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="技术插图（页面不存在）">技术插图</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technical_illustration" class="extiw" title="en:Technical illustration">Technical illustration</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%95%8C%E9%9D%A2" title="用户界面">用户界面</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BE_(%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6)" title="图 (数学)">图</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相关人士</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%85%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E6%B1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="雅克·贝尔汀（页面不存在）">雅克·贝尔汀</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Bertin" class="extiw" title="en:Jacques Bertin">Jacques Bertin</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%9B%E8%A5%BF%E5%A8%85%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E9%B2%81%E5%B0%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="辛西娅·布鲁尔（页面不存在）">辛西娅·布鲁尔</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynthia_Brewer" class="extiw" title="en:Cynthia Brewer">Cynthia Brewer</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AF%E5%9B%BE%E5%8A%A0%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E5%BE%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="斯图加特·卡德（页面不存在）">斯图加特·卡德</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart_Card" class="extiw" title="en:Stuart Card">Stuart Card</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E5%87%A1%E6%8F%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="托马斯·德凡提（页面不存在）">托马斯·德凡提</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_A._DeFanti" class="extiw" title="en:Thomas A. DeFanti">Thomas A. DeFanti</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%9A%E5%B0%94%E7%99%BB%C2%B7%E4%B8%B9%E7%89%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="博尔登·丹特（页面不存在）">博尔登·丹特</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borden_Dent" class="extiw" title="en:Borden Dent">Borden Dent</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%88%E5%85%8B%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E5%85%B0%E5%BE%B7%E5%88%A9" title="迈克尔·路易斯·弗兰德利">迈克尔·路易斯·弗兰德利</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E7%BA%B3%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="乔治·弗纳斯（页面不存在）">乔治·弗纳斯</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Furnas" class="extiw" title="en:George Furnas">George Furnas</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E6%B1%89%E6%8B%89%E6%81%A9" title="帕特里克·汉拉恩">帕特里克·汉拉恩</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%88%E6%9D%B0%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E7%A6%8F%E5%B0%94%E6%91%A9%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奈杰尔·福尔摩斯（页面不存在）">奈杰尔·福尔摩斯</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigel_Holmes" class="extiw" title="en:Nigel Holmes">Nigel Holmes</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E6%89%98%E5%BC%97%C2%B7%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%E9%80%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="克里斯托弗·约翰逊（页面不存在）">克里斯托弗·约翰逊</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_R._Johnson" class="extiw" title="en:Christopher R. Johnson">Christopher R. Johnson</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%88%88%E7%99%BB%C2%B7%E9%87%91%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%94%E6%9B%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="戈登·金德尔曼（页面不存在）">戈登·金德尔曼</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon_Kindlmann" class="extiw" title="en:Gordon Kindlmann">Gordon Kindlmann</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%87%AF%E5%BA%93%E5%8B%92" title="奥古斯特·凯库勒">奥古斯特·凯库勒</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9B%BC%E5%8A%AA%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%88%A9%E9%A9%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="曼努埃尔·利马（页面不存在）">曼努埃尔·利马</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Lima" class="extiw" title="en:Manuel Lima">Manuel Lima</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E4%BC%A6%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E8%A5%BF%E9%98%BF%E5%85%8B%E4%BC%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿伦·马西阿克伦（页面不存在）">阿伦·马西阿克伦</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_MacEachren" class="extiw" title="en:Alan MacEachren">Alan MacEachren</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%94%E5%85%8B%C2%B7D%C2%B7%E9%BA%A6%E9%87%91%E8%8E%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="乔克·D·麦金莱（页面不存在）">乔克·D·麦金莱</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jock_D._Mackinlay" class="extiw" title="en:Jock D. Mackinlay">Jock D. Mackinlay</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%88%E5%85%8B%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E8%8C%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="迈克尔·马尔茨（页面不存在）">迈克尔·马尔茨</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Maltz" class="extiw" title="en:Michael Maltz">Michael Maltz</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%83%E9%B2%81%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%BA%A6%E8%80%83%E5%AF%86%E5%85%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="布鲁斯·麦考密克（页面不存在）">布鲁斯·麦考密克</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_H._McCormick" class="extiw" title="en:Bruce H. McCormick">Bruce H. McCormick</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B1%B3%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%C2%B7%E8%BF%88%E8%80%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="米里亚·迈耶（页面不存在）">米里亚·迈耶</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miriah_Meyer" class="extiw" title="en:Miriah Meyer">Miriah Meyer</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%B4%84%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E7%B4%8D%E5%BE%B7" title="查爾斯·約瑟夫·米納德">查爾斯·約瑟夫·米納德</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%B2%81%E9%81%93%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E8%8E%AB%E5%BE%B7%E5%88%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鲁道夫·莫德利（页面不存在）">鲁道夫·莫德利</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Modley" class="extiw" title="en:Rudolf Modley">Rudolf Modley</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%96%AF%E5%B8%95%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E8%92%99%E6%97%A5" title="加斯帕尔·蒙日">加斯帕尔·蒙日</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A1%94%E7%8E%9B%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E8%92%99%E5%85%B9%E7%BA%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="塔玛拉·蒙兹纳（页面不存在）">塔玛拉·蒙兹纳</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamara_Munzner" class="extiw" title="en:Tamara Munzner">Tamara Munzner</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%9C%96%C2%B7%E7%B4%90%E6%8B%89%E7%89%B9" title="奧圖·紐拉特">奧圖·紐拉特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E7%BE%85%E5%80%AB%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%8D%97%E4%B8%81%E6%A0%BC%E7%88%BE" title="弗羅倫斯·南丁格爾">弗羅倫斯·南丁格爾</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%89%E6%96%AF%E7%8F%80%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E8%8F%B2%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="汉斯珀特·菲斯特（页面不存在）">汉斯珀特·菲斯特</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanspeter_Pfister" class="extiw" title="en:Hanspeter Pfister">Hanspeter Pfister</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%AF%E5%88%A9%E5%BC%97%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E7%9A%AE%E5%AF%87%E5%BC%97" title="柯利弗德·皮寇弗">柯利弗德·皮寇弗</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E6%99%AE%E8%8E%B1%E8%B4%B9%E5%B0%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="威廉·普莱费尔（页面不存在）">威廉·普莱费尔</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Playfair" class="extiw" title="en:William Playfair">William Playfair</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E6%B3%A2%E5%B0%94%E5%85%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卡尔·威廉·波尔克（页面不存在）">卡尔·威廉·波尔克</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Wilhelm_Pohlke" class="extiw" title="en:Karl Wilhelm Pohlke">Karl Wilhelm Pohlke</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%97%E4%BC%AF%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E9%81%93%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E9%9B%85%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%87%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%8B%92" class="mw-redirect" title="朗伯·阿道夫·雅克·凯特勒">朗伯·阿道夫·雅克·凯特勒</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E9%80%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="乔治·罗伯逊（页面不存在）">乔治·罗伯逊</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_G._Robertson" class="extiw" title="en:George G. Robertson">George G. Robertson</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9A%E7%91%9F%C2%B7H%C2%B7%E9%B2%81%E6%BB%A8%E9%80%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亚瑟·H·鲁滨逊（页面不存在）">亚瑟·H·鲁滨逊</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_H._Robinson" class="extiw" title="en:Arthur H. Robinson">Arthur H. Robinson</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%B3%E4%BC%A6%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E6%A3%AE%E5%B8%83%E9%B2%81%E5%A7%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="劳伦斯·罗森布鲁姆（页面不存在）">劳伦斯·罗森布鲁姆</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_J._Rosenblum" class="extiw" title="en:Lawrence J. Rosenblum">Lawrence J. Rosenblum</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E6%96%BD%E8%80%90%E5%BE%B7%E6%9B%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="本·施耐德曼（页面不存在）">本·施耐德曼</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Shneiderman" class="extiw" title="en:Ben Shneiderman">Ben Shneiderman</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E6%BE%A4%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E6%89%98%E9%81%94%E7%89%B9" title="弗雷澤·斯托達特">弗雷澤·斯托達特</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%88%B1%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%8E%C2%B7%E5%A1%94%E5%A4%AB%E7%89%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="爱德华·塔夫特（页面不存在）">爱德华·塔夫特</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Tufte" class="extiw" title="en:Edward Tufte">Edward Tufte</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%B9%E5%B0%94%E5%8D%97%E8%BE%BE%C2%B7%E7%BB%B4%E5%8A%A0%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="费尔南达·维加斯（页面不存在）">费尔南达·维加斯</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernanda_Vi%C3%A9gas" class="extiw" title="en:Fernanda Viégas">Fernanda Viégas</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E5%8D%A2%E8%B4%B9%E7%A7%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿德·奥卢费科（页面不存在）">阿德·奥卢费科</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ade_Olufeko" class="extiw" title="en:Ade Olufeko">Ade Olufeko</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9C%8D%E5%8D%8E%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%9F%A6%E7%BA%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="霍华德·韦纳（页面不存在）">霍华德·韦纳</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Wainer" class="extiw" title="en:Howard Wainer">Howard Wainer</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E7%93%A6%E6%BB%95%E4%BC%AF%E6%A0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马丁·瓦滕伯格（页面不存在）">马丁·瓦滕伯格</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_M._Wattenberg" class="extiw" title="en:Martin M. Wattenberg">Martin M. Wattenberg</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%84%E9%82%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="黄邦（页面不存在）">黄邦</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bang_Wong" class="extiw" title="en:Bang Wong">Bang Wong</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相关软件</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">可视化软件</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prot%C3%A9g%C3%A9" title="Protégé">Protégé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirius%E5%8F%AF%E8%A7%86%E5%8C%96%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6" title="Sirius可视化软件">Sirius可视化软件</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VisIt" title="VisIt">VisIt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th 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href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E5%83%8F%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86" title="图像处理">图像处理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E5%9B%BE%E5%BD%A2" title="计算机图形">计算机图形</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E5%8A%A8%E7%94%BB" title="计算机动画">计算机动画</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E6%A8%A1%E6%8B%9F" title="计算机模拟">计算机模拟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="科學模型">科學模型</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E5%BB%BA%E6%A8%A1" title="Template:计算机建模">计算机建模导航模板</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%9C%BA%E4%BA%A4%E4%BA%92" title="人机交互">人机交互</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%95%8C%E9%9D%A2" title="用户界面">用户界面</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E5%BD%A2%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%95%8C%E9%9D%A2" title="图形用户界面">图形用户界面</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%80%E8%A7%81%E5%8D%B3%E6%89%80%E5%BE%97" title="所见即所得">所见即所得</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%96%E7%A4%BA" title="圖示">图示</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">虚拟现实</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%96%E5%83%8F%E5%BC%8F%E6%80%9D%E8%80%83%E8%BC%94%E5%8A%A9%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7" title="圖像式思考輔助工具">图像式思考辅助工具</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%85%E4%BA%8B%E6%9D%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="故事板">故事板</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E5%B7%9D%E5%9B%BE" title="石川图">魚骨圖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8E%E5%BC%95%E5%9C%96" title="導引圖">導引圖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%98%E6%86%B6%E6%A8%B9" title="記憶樹">記憶樹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E6%99%BA%E5%9B%BE" title="心智图">心智圖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E7%A8%8B%E5%9B%BE" title="流程图">流程圖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%8B%89%E5%9B%BE" title="欧拉图">欧拉图</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%9B%BE%E5%AD%A6" title="地图学">地图学（又稱“製图学”）</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A0%E6%95%88%E7%9A%84%E5%9B%BE%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="无效的图表（页面不存在）">无效的图表</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chartjunk" class="extiw" title="en:Chartjunk">Chartjunk</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BE%E5%BD%A2%E7%BB%98%E5%88%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="图形绘制（页面不存在）">图形绘制</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graph_drawing" class="extiw" title="en:Graph drawing">Graph drawing</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E9%9D%A2%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1" title="平面设计">平面设计（又稱“图形设计”）</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%88%90%E5%83%8F%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="成像科学（页面不存在）">成像科学</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imaging_science" class="extiw" title="en:Imaging science">Imaging science</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="信息科学">信息科学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E5%9B%BE%E5%BD%A2" title="信息图形">信息图形</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E5%83%8F" title="心像">心像</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%AF%E5%AF%BC%E6%80%A7%E5%BD%B1%E5%83%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="误导性影像（页面不存在）">误导性影像</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misleading_graph" class="extiw" title="en:Misleading graph">Misleading graph</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E6%88%90%E5%83%8F" title="神经成像">神经成像</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%93%E5%88%A9%E5%9B%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="专利图（页面不存在）">专利图</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patent_drawing" class="extiw" title="en:Patent drawing">Patent drawing</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="空间分析">空间分析</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E8%A7%86%E5%8C%96%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90%E8%AE%BA" title="可视化分析论">可视化分析论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%86%E7%9F%A5%E8%A7%89" class="mw-redirect" title="视知觉">视知觉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%AD%A6" title="统计学">统计学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%96%E5%83%8F%E5%AD%B8" title="圖像學">圖像學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%96%E5%83%8F%E8%A8%98%E8%AD%9C" title="圖像記譜">圖像記譜</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <li>參見：<img alt="主题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="Portal:科學">科學</a></li> <li><img alt="主题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80" title="Portal:資訊科技">資訊科技</a></li> <li><img alt="主题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88" title="Portal:設計">設計</a></li> <li><img alt="主题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%91%84%E5%BD%B1" title="Portal:摄影">攝影</a></li> <li><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%9B%BE%E8%A1%A8" title="Category:图表">圖表</a></li> <li><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%9B%BE%E8%AE%BA" title="Category:图论">圖論</a></li> <li><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E5%9B%BE%E5%BD%A2%E5%AD%A6" title="Category:计算机图形学">计算机图形学</a></li> <li><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%A6%96%E8%A6%BA%E5%8C%96%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="Category:視覺化程式設計語言">視覺化程式設計語言</a></li> <li><img alt="模板" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Symbol_template_class.svg/16px-Symbol_template_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Symbol_template_class.svg/23px-Symbol_template_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Symbol_template_class.svg/31px-Symbol_template_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="Template:電腦科學">計算機科學主要領域</a></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="计算机科学的主要领域" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="Template:電腦科學"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="Template talk:電腦科學"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:電腦科學"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="计算机科学的主要领域" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="计算机科学">计算机科学</a>的主要领域</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>注：该模板大致遵循<a href="/wiki/ACM_%E7%94%B5%E8%84%91%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="ACM 电脑分类系统">ACM 电脑分类系统</a>。</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E7%A1%AC%E4%BB%B6" title="计算机硬件">计算机硬件</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7%E7%94%B5%E8%B7%AF%E6%9D%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="印刷电路板">印刷电路板</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E9%83%A8%E8%AE%BE%E5%A4%87" title="外部设备">外部设备</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%86%E6%88%90%E7%94%B5%E8%B7%AF" title="集成电路">集成电路</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E5%A4%A7%E8%A7%84%E6%A8%A1%E9%9B%86%E6%88%90%E7%94%B5%E8%B7%AF" title="超大规模集成电路">超大规模集成电路</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%BF%E8%89%B2%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97" title="绿色计算">绿色计算</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88%E8%87%AA%E5%8B%95%E5%8C%96" title="電子設計自動化">電子設計自動化</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E6%9E%B6%E6%9E%84" title="系统架构">系统架构</a>组织</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84" title="计算机系统结构">電腦系統架構</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="嵌入式系统">嵌入式系统</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9E%E6%97%B6%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97" title="实时计算">实时计算</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C" title="计算机网络">网络</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="网络传输协议">网络传输协议</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1" title="路由">路由</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E6%8B%93%E6%89%91" title="网络拓扑">网络拓扑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="网络服务">网络服务</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">软件组织</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E8%AD%AF%E5%99%A8" title="直譯器">直譯器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E4%BB%B6" title="中间件">中间件</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%9B%E6%93%AC%E6%A9%9F%E5%99%A8" title="虛擬機器">虛擬機器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="操作系统">操作系统</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F" title="软件质量">软件质量</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="程式語言理論">软件符号</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7" title="软件开发工具">工具</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B%E8%8C%83%E5%9E%8B" title="编程范型">编程范型</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="编程语言">编程语言</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%A8%E8%AD%AF%E5%99%A8" title="編譯器">編譯器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%86%E5%9F%9F%E7%89%B9%E5%AE%9A%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="领域特定语言">领域特定语言</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E9%AB%94%E6%A1%86%E6%9E%B6" title="軟體框架">軟體框架</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%86%E6%88%90%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83" title="集成开发环境">集成开发环境</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86" title="软件配置管理">软件配置管理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BD%E5%BC%8F%E5%BA%AB" title="函式庫">函式庫</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91" title="软件开发">软件开发</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E8%BF%87%E7%A8%8B" title="软件开发过程">软件开发过程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%80%E6%B1%82%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="需求分析">需求分析</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1" title="软件设计">软件设计</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2" title="软件部署">软件部署</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E9%AB%94%E7%B6%AD%E8%AD%B7" title="軟體維護">軟體維護</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6" title="开源软件">开源模式</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="计算理论">计算理论</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E6%9C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="自动机">自动机</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%80%A7" title="可计算性">可计算性理论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E8%A4%87%E9%9B%9C%E6%80%A7%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="計算複雜性理論">計算複雜性理論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA" title="量子计算机">量子计算</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%80%BC%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="数值分析">数值计算方法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E9%80%BB%E8%BE%91" title="计算机逻辑">计算机逻辑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%A2%E5%BC%8F%E8%AF%AD%E4%B9%89%E5%AD%A6" title="形式语义学">形式语义学</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95" title="算法">算法</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="算法分析">算法分析</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1" title="算法设计">算法设计</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95%E6%95%88%E7%8E%87" title="算法效率">算法效率</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E5%8C%96%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95" title="随机化算法">随机化算法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E5%87%A0%E4%BD%95" title="计算几何">计算几何</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">计算数学</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%BB%E6%95%A3%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6" title="离散数学">离散数学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E4%B8%8E%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="信息与计算科学">信息与计算科学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%AD%A6" title="统计学">统计学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6" title="数学软件">数学软件</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E7%90%86%E9%80%BB%E8%BE%91" title="数理逻辑">数理逻辑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%86%E5%90%88%E8%AE%BA" title="集合论">集合论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E8%AE%BA" title="数论">数论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E8%AE%BA" title="图论">图论</a></li> <li><a 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href="/wiki/%E8%BF%9B%E5%8C%96%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97" title="进化计算">进化计算</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%93%E5%AE%B6%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="专家系统">专家系统</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86" title="自然语言处理">自然语言处理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E5%99%A8%E4%BA%BA%E5%AD%A6" title="机器人学">机器人学</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E5%99%A8%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0" title="机器学习">机器学习</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%91%E7%9D%A3%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0" title="监督学习">監督式學習</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E7%9B%A3%E7%9D%A3%E5%AD%B8%E7%BF%92" title="無監督學習">無監督學習</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%BA%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0" title="强化学习">强化学习</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E5%8F%89%E9%A9%97%E8%AD%89" title="交叉驗證">交叉驗證</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E5%9B%BE%E5%BD%A2%E5%AD%A6" title="计算机图形学">计算机图形学</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E5%8A%A8%E7%94%BB" title="计算机动画">计算机动画</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E8%A7%86%E5%8C%96" title="可视化">可视化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%B2%E6%9F%93" title="渲染">渲染</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E9%A3%BE%E7%85%A7%E7%89%87" title="修飾照片">修飾照片</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%96%E5%BD%A2%E8%99%95%E7%90%86%E5%99%A8" title="圖形處理器">圖形處理器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%B7%E5%90%88%E7%8E%B0%E5%AE%9E" title="混合现实">混合现实</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">虚拟现实</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E5%83%8F%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86" title="图像处理">图像处理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E5%83%8F%E5%8E%8B%E7%BC%A9" title="图像压缩">图像压缩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9E%E4%BD%93%E9%80%A0%E5%9E%8B" title="实体造型">实体造型</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">应用计算</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E5%95%86%E5%8A%A1" title="电子商务">电子商务</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%81%E4%B8%9A%E7%BA%A7%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6" title="企业级软件">企业级软件</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="计算数学">计算数学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="计算物理学">计算物理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="计算化学">计算化学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="计算生物学">计算生物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="計算社會科學">計算社會科學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E5%AD%A6" title="医学信息学">医学信息学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF" title="数字艺术">数字艺术</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88" title="電子出版">電子出版</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%B2%E7%B5%A1%E6%88%B0" title="網絡戰">網絡戰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E6%B8%B8%E6%88%8F" title="电子游戏">电子游戏</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86%E5%99%A8" title="文字处理器">文字处理器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8B%E7%B1%8C%E5%AD%B8" title="運籌學">運籌學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="教育技术学">教育技术学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E5%AD%A6" title="生物信息学">生物信息学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A4%E7%9F%A5%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="认知科学">认知科学</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="文件管理系统（页面不存在）">文件管理系统</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Document_management_system" class="extiw" title="en:Document management system">Document management system</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="Category:计算机科学">分类</a></li> <li><img alt="主题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" 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