{"title":"Studies on Seasonal Variations of Physico- Chemical Parameters of Fish Farm at Govt. Nursery Unit, Muzaffargarh, Punjab, Pakistan","authors":"Muhammad Naeem, Abdus Salam, Muhammad Ashraf, Muhammad Imran, Mehtab Ahmad, Muhammad Jamshed Khan, Muhammad Mazhar Ayaz, Muzaffar Ali, Arshad Ali, Memoona Qayyum Abir Ishtiaq","volume":60,"journal":"International Journal of Nutrition and Food Engineering","pagesStart":941,"pagesEnd":946,"ISSN":"1307-6892","URL":"https:\/\/publications.waset.org\/pdf\/3159","abstract":"<p>The present study was designed to demonstrate the seasonal variations in physico-chemical parameters of fish farm at Govt. Nursery Unit, Muzaffargarh, Department of Fisheries Govt. of Punjab, Pakistan for a period of eight months from January to August 2008. Water samples were collected on fifteen days basis and have been analyzed for estimation of Air temperature, Water temperature, Light penetration, pH, Total dissolved oxygen, Clouds, Carbonates, Bicarbonates, Total carbonates, Total dissolved solids, Chlorides, Calcium and Hardness. Seasonal fluctuations were observed in all the physico-chemical parameters of fish farm. The overall physicochemical parameters of fish pond water remained within the tolerable range throughout the study period.<\/p>\r\n","references":"[1] A.E. Unanam and A.W. Akpan, \"Analysis of physicochemical\r\ncharacteristics of some freshwater bodies in Essien Udim Local Government area of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria\", In: Proceeding of the\r\n21st Annual Conference of the Fisheries Society of Nigeria (FI50N)\r\nCalabar, 13th -17th November, 2006.\r\n[2] E.O. Lawson, \"Physico-Chemical Parameters and Heavy Metal Contents\r\nof Water from the Mangrove Swamps of Lagos Lagoon, Lagos, Nigeria,\" Adv. Biol. Res., vol. 5, 2011, pp. 08-21.\r\n[3] O. E. Sala, F. S. Chapin III, J. J. Armesto, E., Berlow, J. Bloomfield, R.\r\nDirzo, E. Huber-Sanwald, L. F. Huenneke, R. B. Jackson, A. Kinzig, R.\r\nLeemans, D. M. Lodge, H. A. Mooney, M. Oesterheld, N. LeRoy Poff,\r\nM. T. Sykes, B. H. Walker, M. Walker and D. H. Wall, 2000, \"Global\r\nbiodiversity scenarios for the year 2100\", Science, vol. 287, pp. 1170-1174.\r\n[4] D. Dudgeon, A. H. Arthington, M. O. Gessner, Z. Kawabata, D.\r\nKnowler, C. L\u00e9v\u00eaque, R. J. Naiman, A-H. Prieur-Richard, D. Soto, M.\r\nL. J. Stiassny and C. A. Sullivan, \"Freshwater biodiversity: importance,\r\nthreats, status and conservation challenges\", Biological Reviews vol. 81,\r\n2006, pp. 163 - 338.\r\n[5] R. R. Stickney, \"Principals of aquaculture\", John Willey and Sons,\r\nNewYork, 1994.\r\n[6] E. I. Adeyeye and F. O. Abulude, \"Analytical assessments of some\r\nsurface and ground water resources in Ile-Ife, Nigeria\", J. Chem. Soc.\r\nNig., vol. 29, 2004, pp. 98 -103.\r\n[7] D. H. Evans, \"The physiology of fishes\", CRC. Press, Boca Raton, FL,\r\n1993.\r\n[8] G., Barnabe, \"Aquaculture Biology and Ecology of Cultured Species,\"\r\nEllis Harwood, New York, 1994.\r\n[9] C.E. Boyd, \"Water quality in warm water fishponds\", Craft master\r\nPrinters Inc Opelika, Alabama, 1981.\r\n[10] M., Huet, \"Textbook of fish culture\", 2nd Ed. Fishing News Book Ltd.,\r\nEngland, 1986.\r\n[11] K. Tassaduqe, M. Ali, A. Salam, M. Latif ans T. Zahra, \"Study of the\r\nseasonal variations in the physico chemical and biological aspects of\r\nIndus River Pakistan\", Pak. J. Biol. Sci., vol. 6, 2003, pp. 1795-1801.\r\n[12] D. Slingsby and C. Cook, \"Practical Ecology\", Macmillan Edition Ltd.\r\nLondon, 1986.\r\n[13] A. Salam and S. Perveen, \"Seasonal changes in the physico-chemical\r\nparameters of Dhand Gazanfargarh, Muzaffargarh, Pakistan\", Acta Sci.,\r\nvol. 6, 1996, pp. 45-56.\r\n[14] R. Lloyd, \"Pollution and Freshwater Fish\", Fishing News Books, 1992.\r\n[15] T. L. Meade, \"The technology of Closed Culture of Salmonids\",\r\nUniversity of Rhode Island Marine Technical Report No.30, 1974.\r\n[16] S. N. Islam, \u201cPhysicochemical Condition and Occurrence of Some \r\nZooplankton in a Pond of Rajshahi University\u201d, Bangladesh J. Fish. \r\nHydrobiol., vol. 2, 2007, pp. 21-25. \r\n[17] R. Rajakumar, M. Panagal, R.A. Kumar, T.M.M.J. Bastin, \u201cStudies on \r\nthe physicochemical parameters and the microbial Investigation of the \r\nfreshwater exotic carp Ctenopharyngodon Idella (Cuvier & \r\nValenciennes 1844) in Tamil Nadu, India\u201d, Int. J. Univ. Pharm. Life \r\nSci., vol. 1, 2011, pp. 1-16. \r\n[18] H. Campos, W. Steffen, G. Agnuero, O. Parra, and L. Zuniga, \r\n\u201cLimnological studies of Lake Rupanco (Chile); morphometry physics, \r\nchemistry, plankton & primary productivity\u201d, Arch. Hydrobiol.\/Suppl. \r\n90, vol. 1, 1992, pp. 85-113. \r\n[19] R. K. Rath, \u201cFresh water aquaculture\u201d, Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur, \r\n1993. ","publisher":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology","index":"Open Science Index 60, 2011"}